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# Kingdom (British TV series)
## Ratings
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| ### Series 1 {#series_1} | ### Series 2 {#series_2} | ### Series 3 {#series_3} |
| | | |
| +---------------+---------+------------+ | +------------------+---------+------------+ | +--------------+---------+------------+ |
| | Date | Episode | Viewers\ | | | Date | Episode | Viewers\ | | | Date | Episode | Viewers\ | |
| | | | (millions) | | | | | (millions) | | | | | (millions) | |
| +===============+=========+============+ | +==================+=========+============+ | +==============+=========+============+ |
| | 22 April 2007 | 1 | 8.55 | | | 13 January 2008 | 1 | 5.80 | | | 7 June 2009 | 1 | 5.32 | |
| +---------------+---------+------------+ | +------------------+---------+------------+ | +--------------+---------+------------+ |
| | 29 April 2007 | 2 | 7.05 | | | 20 January 2008 | 2 | 6.16 | | | 14 June 2009 | 2 | 4.70 | |
| +---------------+---------+------------+ | +------------------+---------+------------+ | +--------------+---------+------------+ |
| | 6 May 2007 | 3 | 5.44 | | | 27 January 2008 | 3 | 5.41 | | | 21 June 2009 | 3 | 4.76 | |
| +---------------+---------+------------+ | +------------------+---------+------------+ | +--------------+---------+------------+ |
| | 13 May 2007 | 4 | 5.89 | | | 3 February 2008 | 4 | 5.23 | | | 28 June 2009 | 4 | 5.10 | |
| +---------------+---------+------------+ | +------------------+---------+------------+ | +--------------+---------+------------+ |
| | 20 May 2007 | 5 | 6.31 | | | 10 February 2008 | 5 | 5.65 | | | 5 July 2009 | 5 | 4.94 | |
| +---------------+---------+------------+ | +------------------+---------+------------+ | +--------------+---------+------------+ |
| | 27 May 2007 | 6 | 6.28 | | | 17 February 2008 | 6 | 5.69 | | | 12 July 2009 | 6 | 5.14 | |
| +---------------+---------+------------+ | +------------------+---------+------------+ | +--------------+---------+------------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| +---------------+---------+------------+ | | |
+------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------+
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# Kingdom (British TV series)
## Series information {#series_information}
### Broadcast history {#broadcast_history}
The first series aired on the ITV network in the UK at 9 p.m. on Sunday nights from 22 April to 27 May 2007. The second series was commissioned before the first episode was broadcast. It was filmed from July to September 2007 and broadcast from January to February 2008. The third series was commissioned in March 2008 and began broadcast on 7 June 2009. STV decided not to broadcast series 3.
International distribution rights were bought by Portman Film and Television, which sold the series to 14 international networks by February 2007. Seven regional European Hallmark Channels broadcast it, with other showings on NRK in Norway, RÚV in Iceland, YLE in Finland, Rai Tre in Italy and één in Flanders. The Australian rights were picked up by the Seven Network, although the ABC aired seasons 1 and 2 in 2011 and season 3 late in 2012, with TVNZ buying it for New Zealand. The programme aired in the United States on some PBS affiliates in early 2008. A wider syndication deal was struck with American Public Television later that year for the first two series to be available to all affiliates, and other public stations; the third season begins distribution on 1 December 2009. In Canada, the first and second series are being broadcast this year, (April--June, 2010), on the Vision TV network. The third series premièred on the Flemish channel één on 10 April 2009.
### DVD releases {#dvd_releases}
The first series was released by 2 Entertain Video on 28 May 2007 and includes the ITV3 *Behind the Scenes* special. 2 Entertain holds the worldwide rights to the DVD release in 2007. The complete second series was released on six DVDs in *The Daily Telegraph* and *The Sunday Telegraph* between 1 and 7 March 2008 and was also generally released from 15 June 2009.
### Digital release {#digital_release}
In August 2009, the six episodes of the first season were released in the United States on Hulu, as part of Hulu\'s partnership with ITV. As of May 2019, all 3 seasons are available on AcornTV.
### Music
A soundtrack album featuring the original music from the series, composed and conducted by Mark Russell was released on 15 June 2009 and is only available through the iTunes Store at the moment. The album mainly contains music from the third series although some of it has been used earlier in the series
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# JŽ Series 662
The **JŽ Series 662**, manufactured by Đuro Đaković, and nicknamed *Nada* (Serbo-Croatian for *Hope*; also a female first name) was the first diesel-electric locomotive produced in SFR Yugoslavia.
The locomotive was used for traffic in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia
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# 1734 in Ireland
Events from the year **1734 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George II
## Events
- 29 April
- Act prohibits converts from Roman Catholicism to the Church of Ireland from educating their children in the old religion or from becoming Justices of Peace.
- Act for relief of creditors of failed banks.
- 19 May -- George Berkeley is consecrated as Church of Ireland Bishop of Cloyne.
- 17 August -- Mercer\'s Hospital for the sick and poor in Dublin is founded under a bequest of Mary Mercer.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- March -- upper gallery of the Smock Alley Theatre in Dublin collapses for the third time.
- November -- George Faulkner begins publication of an edition of Jonathan Swift\'s *Works* in Dublin with a corrected text.
## Births
- 25 July -- Arthur Gore, 2nd Earl of Arran, politician (d. 1809)
- Boetius Egan, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam (d. 1798)
## Deaths
- 28 September -- James Hamilton, 6th Earl of Abercorn (b. c.1661)
- Richard Cantillon, economic theorist (b
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# József Révai
**József Révai** (born **József Lederer***;* 12 October 1898 -- 4 August 1959) was a Hungarian communist politician, statesman and cultural ideologue.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Révai was born to a middle-class Jewish family. He was one of the founders of the Communist Party of Hungary *(Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja; KMP)* in 1918. Révai lived in the Soviet Union between 1934 and 1944. From 11 May to 27 September 1945 he was a member of the High National Council, and between 1945 and 1950 he was chief editor of *Szabad Nép* (\"Free People\").
Révai controlled all aspects of Hungary\'s cultural life from 1948 until 1953; from 1949 he was also the Minister of Culture. After 1953 his influence decreased.
Between 1945--1956 he was a member of the Central Committee of his party, which was renamed in 1948 to Hungarian Working People\'s Party *(Magyar Dolgozók Pártja; MDP)* after merging with the Hungarian Social Democratic Party *(Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt, MSZDP)*. He was the member of the Political Committee (1945--1953; 1956). After the Workers\' Party was dissolved and the Hungarian Socialist Workers\' Party took over its role as the ruling Communist party, Révai became a member of the new party\'s Central Committee in 1957. He was vice-president to the Presidential Committee between 1953--1958.
Révai died on August 4, 1959, after years of suffering from heart disease.
## Works
- *Ady* (Budapest, 1945)
- *Marxizmus és magyarság* (\"Marxism and the Hungarians\"; Budapest, 1946)
- *Marxizmus és népiesség* (\"Marxism and Popularism\"; Budapest, 1946)
- *Élni tudunk a szabadsággal* (\"We Can Live with Freedom\"; Budapest, 1949)
- *Kulturális forradalmunk kérdései* (\"Questions about our Cultural Revolution\"; Budapest, 1952)
- *Válogatott irodalmi tanulmányok* (\"Selected Essays in Literature\", Budapest, 1960)
- *Válogatott történelmi írások* I--II. (\"Selected Essays in History I--II.\"; Budapest, 1966)
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# Niall Campbell, 10th Duke of Argyll
`{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}`{=mediawiki}
**Niall Diarmid Campbell, 10th and 3rd Duke of Argyll** (16 February 1872 -- 20 August 1949) was a Scottish peer and historian, the 10th Duke of Argyll and 25th Chief of Clan Campbell.
## Background
Campbell was the son of Captain Lord Archibald Campbell, second son of George Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll, and his wife Janey Sevilla Callander of Craigforth and Ardkinglas, daughter of James Henry Callander and Jane Erskine. His uncle was Lord Colin Campbell and his aunt by marriage was Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll. He was educated at St George\'s School, Ascot and went then to Charterhouse School in Surrey.
Campbell studied at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1896. He was admitted to the Middle Temple on 1 November 1894 and withdrew without being Called to the Bar in 1917. In 1914, he succeeded his uncle John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll in his various hereditary titles and offices.
## Career
Following his inheritance, Campbell became Honorary Colonel of the 8th Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders until his retirement in 1929. He was additionally Honorary Colonel of the 15th (Canadian) Argyll Light Infantry. Having been previously a Deputy Lieutenant from 1914, He funded the creation of the Inveraray Bell Tower, in memory of the Campbell Clan who died in the First World War.
Campbell was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Argyllshire in 1923, an office he held until his death in 1949. His seat was Inveraray Castle, Argyll and he was interred at Kilmun Parish Church.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Referred to as \"Scotland\'s most picturesque Duke\", Campbell hated telephones and motor cars and would indulge in eccentric behaviour, including greeting tourists with recitals from Italian operas. He spent his final years in what was called \"monastic seclusion\".
Fearing that the eccentricity from his maternal relationship could be inherited, he never married and died childless in 1949.
He was succeeded as duke by his first cousin, once removed, Ian Campbell, a great-grandson of the 8th Duke (via his third son)
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# Ranulf Compton
**Ranulf Compton** (September 16, 1878, Poe, Indiana -- January 26, 1974) was a United States representative from Connecticut. He also served as commander of the 327th (345th) Tank Battalion in George S. Patton\'s 304th (1st Provisional) Tank Brigade on the Western Front in 1918 France.
Compton attended the public schools at Indianapolis, Indiana and was graduated from the Howe Military School, Howe, Indiana in 1899. After graduation, he attended Harvard University. He engaged in banking and finance in New York and Connecticut.
Before and during World War I, he served as captain of infantry, New York National Guard, 1912-1916. He was Captain of infantry, United States Army, July 1916-March 1918 and Captain and Major in the Tank Corps, American Expeditionary Forces, April 1918-August 1919. (He went overseas with the American Expeditionary Forces on December 12, 1917 and was decorated with the Purple Heart and the French Legion of Honor.)
Compton commanded one of the tank battalions in George S. Patton\'s tank brigade (Sereno E. Brett commanding the other American tank battalion under Patton). When Patton was wounded the first day of the Meuse--Argonne offensive in late September 1918, Brett assumed command of Patton\'s brigade and Compton assumed command of \"all the tanks at the front,\" and with some of the toughest fighting of the tank brigade still ahead. Compton retired from the United States Army on August 8, 1919, with rank of Major and then served as the military secretary to Governor Nathan L. Miller of New York in 1920.
Compton was the deputy secretary of state of New York in 1921 and 1922. He was the executive secretary and treasurer of the Hudson River Regulating District, Albany, New York 1923-1929 and served as aide-de-camp to Gov. Raymond E. Baldwin of Connecticut in 1940 and 1941.
He was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth Congress (January 3, 1943 -- January 3, 1945) but was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1944 to the Seventy-ninth Congress. After Congress, he was the president and owner of South Jersey Broadcasting Company from 1945 until his retirement in 1968. He resided in Madison, Connecticut until his death there in 1974 and was buried in West Cemetery
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# Are You Right There Father Ted?
\"**Are You Right There Father Ted?**\" is the first episode of the third series of the Channel 4 television sitcom *Father Ted*, and the 18th episode overall. It is notable for being the first episode aired after the death of Dermot Morgan, who had died the day after filming for the final episode had been completed. As a mark of respect to Morgan, the original transmission of the first episode was delayed by a week.
## Plot
In the cold opening, Ted has been promoted to a luxurious Dublin parish, and is quite happy with the living arrangements, which he considers much better than on cold, rainy Craggy Island. However, a church accountant soon asks Ted about a discrepancy with the church expenses. Ted is subsequently sent straight back to Craggy Island.
Ted goes to collect a copy of a book he had given to Father Seamus Fitzpatrick, and surprised to see his collection of Nazi and Third Reich memorabilia. Returning to the parish, Ted finds that Mrs. Doyle has fallen and injured her back, so he and Dougal are required to take over the cleaning duties. The two become quickly bored, and to liven the mood, Ted puts a lampshade on his head (giving the appearance of an Asian farmer\'s hat) and does an offensive impression of a Chinese person, only to then turn around to see the Yin family, a Chinese family living on the island, watching him from outside. Dougal tells Ted that Craggy Island has a Chinese community, a fact that Ted did not previously know. Ted catches up with the Yin family just before they leave in their car and comes up with a story to provide an excuse for his actions. He later leaves the house again to go shopping and discovers that rumours that he is a racist are spreading across the island.
Ted tries to disprove the rumours but his explanations are either rejected or hampered by bad luck. At one point, Ted stands at the window, which has a perfectly square black piece of dirt on it, and waves to the Yin family, whom he invited round to convince them that he is not a racist. However, from outside, the dirt makes Ted appear to have a toothbrush moustache similar to Adolf Hitler\'s, and his gestures appear similar to Hitler\'s. The Yins leave, angering Ted.
Ted decides the only way to put things right is to hold a celebration of the diversity of Craggy Island at a local pub. While his laughable presentation is mocked at, the Yins gracefully accept his apology in part for the free alcohol. Meanwhile, Father Fitzpatrick has died suddenly (after accidentally ingesting cyanide instead of Valium) and left his collection of Nazi memorabilia to Ted via mail, which Mrs. Doyle unpacks. After the bar closes, Ted invites the Yins for a nightcap at the parochial house, only to discover that Mrs Doyle put the entire collection of Nazi memorabilia on full display in the living room. Ted says that he can explain everything, only to then realise that actually, he cannot.
The next day, Ted calls the Yin family to tell them about a large package of whiskey that he sent them as a further apology, but says that there has been a \"change of plan\". Father Jack then emerges from the box in an SS uniform, having drunk all of the liquor.
## Commentary
In the book *Father Ted: The Complete Scripts*, Arthur Mathews observes that the islanders\' actions in this episode are the opposite of those in \"The Passion of Saint Tibulus\": in the earlier episode, they completely fail to do what Ted wants them to, while in this episode they enthusiastically follow what they imagine to be Ted\'s example, even though he desperately wants them not to
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# Tetraphenylphosphonium chloride
**Tetraphenylphosphonium chloride** is the chemical compound with the formula `{{chem2|[(C6H5)4P]Cl}}`{=mediawiki}, abbreviated `{{chem2|Ph4PCl}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{chem2|PPh4Cl}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{chem2|[PPh4]Cl}}`{=mediawiki}, where Ph stands for phenyl. Tetraphenylphosphonium and especially tetraphenylarsonium salts were formerly of interest in gravimetric analysis of perchlorate and related oxyanions. This colourless salt is used to generate lipophilic salts from inorganic and organometallic anions. Thus, `{{chem2|[Ph4P]+}}`{=mediawiki} is useful as a phase-transfer catalyst, again because it allows inorganic anions to dissolve in organic solvents.
## Structure and basic properties {#structure_and_basic_properties}
The structure of this salt is `{{chem2|[PPh4]+Cl−}}`{=mediawiki}. It consists of tetraphenylphosphonium cations `{{chem2|[PPh4]+}}`{=mediawiki} and chloride anions `{{chem2|Cl−}}`{=mediawiki}. The `{{chem2|[PPh4]+}}`{=mediawiki} cation is tetrahedral around the phosphorus atom.
PPh~4~Cl crystallises as the anhydrous salt, which is the normal item of commerce, as well as a monohydrate and a dihydrate.
In X-ray crystallography, `{{chem2|PPh4+}}`{=mediawiki} salts are of interest as they often crystallise easily. The rigidity of the phenyl groups facilitates packing and elevates the melting point relative to alkyl-based quaternary ammonium salts. Also, since these salts are soluble in organic media, a wide range of solvents can be employed for their crystallisation.
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| | | |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------+
| constituent ions in the solid | space-filling model of part\ | ball-and-stick model of part\ |
| | of the crystal structure | of the crystal structure |
+-------------------------------+------------------------------+-------------------------------+
## Preparation
and many analogous compounds can be prepared by the reaction of chlorobenzene with triphenylphosphine catalysed by nickel salts:
:
The compound was originally prepared as the corresponding bromide salt (CAS No. 2751-90-8), which in turn was synthesized by passing dry oxygen through the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide and triphenylphosphine. The synthesis probably proceeds via the reaction of the Grignard reagent with triphenylphosphine oxide.
:
:
## Use in synthesis {#use_in_synthesis}
Tetraphenylphosphonium salts of inorganic or organometallic anions are often sought because they are easily crystallized. They also tend to be soluble in polar organic solvents such as acetonitrile and dimethylformamide. Examples include the tetraphenylphosphonium perrhenate (`{{chem2|[PPh4]+[ReO4]−}}`{=mediawiki}) and various thiomolybdates. Complexes of maleonitriledithiolate are also isolated as their `{{chem2|[PPh4]+}}`{=mediawiki} salts
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# 1686 in Ireland
Events from the year **1686 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: James II
## Events
- January 9 -- Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, sworn as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in Dublin.
- March 22 -- warrant issued by King James II of England for payments to Roman Catholic bishops.
- April 6 -- Michael Boyle (archbishop of Armagh) is replaced as Lord Chancellor of Ireland (after serving for twenty years) by Sir Charles Porter.
- April 20--April 24 -- three Roman Catholic judges are appointed to Ireland (but Charles Ingleby refuses to travel there).
- June 5--October 26 -- the Roman Catholic Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, serves in Ireland as commander in chief of the army.
- October 26 -- the Roman Catholic lawyer and politician Richard Nagle writes the \'Coventry letter\' to Tyrconnell attacking land settlement in Ireland.
- December -- Sir Richard Nagle is appointed Attorney-General for Ireland.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- February -- first known music printed in Ireland.
- Jonathan Swift is granted his BA from Trinity College Dublin *ex speciali gratia*.
## Births
- March 22 -- James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn (d.1744)
- December 23 -- Samuel Madden, clergyman and writer (d.1765)
- Chaworth Brabazon, 6th Earl of Meath (d.1763)
## Deaths
- April 6 -- Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Anglesey, royal statesman (b
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# All the Money's Gone
\"**All the Money\'s Gone**\" is a song by Babylon Zoo and the first single to be taken from their second album *King Kong Groover*. It was written and produced by Jas Mann, and peaked at #46 on the UK Singles Chart in February 1999. An animated music video was made to accompany the single.
## Reception
The *Sunday Mercury* read: \"Mann is having an identity crisis\... he can\'t decide if he\'s \[\[David Bowie\|\[David\] Bowie\]\], Marc Bolan or Gary Glitter -- but glam-rock, this disappointing record ain\'t\". Ewan MacLeod of the *Sunday Mail* enjoyed the single\'s accompanying music video, but felt it \"a shame the song sounds like a rip-off of Seventies glam group T-Rex\". In *NME*, Steven Wells wrote that the \"very Bowie-esque\" track \"sucks\" on an unrivalled level. Anna Carey of the *Sunday Tribune* called it \"hideous\".
In a retrospective article for AllMusic, critic Dave Thompson likened the song to \"an unholy collision between Oasis and Barry Blue\'s \'Dancing on a Saturday Night\'.\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
- **CD Promo Single** 1998 EMI (CDEMDJ 519)
1. All the Money\'s Gone (7\" Mix) - 3.44
- **CD Single 1** 1998 EMI (CDEMS 519)
1. All the Money\'s Gone - 3.44
2. Chrome Invader - 5.03
3. All the Money\'s Gone (Wiseass Dawn Patrol Remix) - 6.53
- **CD Single 2** 1998 EMI (CDEM 519)
1. All the Money\'s Gone - 3.44
2. All the Money\'s Gone (Tin Tin Out Vocal Mix) - 8.35
3. All the Money\'s Gone (Space Raiders Mix) - 6
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# 1744 in Ireland
Events from the year **1744 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George II
## Events
- 26 February -- a house in Pill Lane, Dublin, collapses while Roman Catholic mass is being held there, killing the priest and nine of the congregation.
- 14 April -- the Physico-Historical Society is formed in Dublin for the preservation of \'manuscripts, rare printed books, and natural curiosities relating to Ireland\'.
- 20 April -- Arthur Price is translated from Meath to become Church of Ireland Archbishop of Cashel (letters patent 7 May).
- 23 May -- the Hospital for Incurables is opened in Dublin as a charitable institution.
- 1 August (12 August New Style) -- Battle of Velletri in the Kingdom of Naples: Spanish-Neapolitan forces defeat those of the Archduchy of Austria. Irish mercenaries fight on both sides.
- 3 August -- the Colthurst Baronetcy, of Ardrum in the County of Cork, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland.
- c\. October -- wet and cold season, leading to oats and potatoes being spoiled in the north -- the \'rot year\'.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- 5 February -- Spranger Barry makes his stage debut at the Theatre Royal, Dublin (Smock Alley).
- 6 December -- first performance of Handel\'s Irish-premiered oratorio *Messiah* in Cork, at St. Finbarr\'s Cathedral.
- Drawing school of the Dublin Society is founded.
## Births
- 11 July -- Pierce Butler, soldier, planter, statesman, one of United States\' Founding Fathers, represented South Carolina in the Continental Congress and the U.S. Senate (died 1822).
Full date unknown
:\*Robert Brooke, soldier, Governor of St Helena (died 1811).
:\*Bishop James Murphy, Bishop of Clogher 1801--1824 (died 1824).
:\*Robert Owenson, actor and author (died 1812).
## Deaths
- 11 January -- James Hamilton, 7th Earl of Abercorn (born 1686).
- 23 January -- Thomas Griffith, actor (born 1680)
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# Songs About Me
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 123, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Billboard200|11|artist=Trace Adkins|rowheader=true|accessdate=November 13, 2020}}
^
``
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# Puttegga
**Puttegga** is the highest mountain in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It lies on the border of Fjord Municipality and Rauma Municipality. It is located just 4 km northwest of the mountain Karitinden, inside Reinheimen National Park. The nearest village is Tafjord, 14 km to the west. The mountain is easily accessed from the cabin *Pyttbua* to the east, which is maintained by the Norwegian Trekking Association.
## Name
The first element is *putt* or *pytt*, meaning \"puddle\" or \"small lake\". The last element is the finite form of *egg* which means \"edge\" or \"mountain ridge\". The edge is surrounded by several small lakes
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# Bill Edwards (actor)
**Bill Edwards** (September 14, 1918 -- December 21, 1999) was an American film and television actor, championship rodeo rider, and artist. His film roles include *Hail the Conquering Hero*, *Our Hearts Were Young and Gay*, and *The Virginian*. He is also known for his recurring role as Jonathan Kaye in the television series *Hawaii Five-O*.
He appeared in the 1961 episode of *Danger Man* entitled \"The Girl Who Liked GI\'s\" as Sgt. Poole.
## Selected filmography {#selected_filmography}
- *Adventure in Iraq* (1943) as Radio Operator
- *You Can\'t Ration Love* (1944) as Pete Allen, big man on campus
- *Hail the Conquering Hero* (1943) as Forrest Noble
- *Our Hearts Were Young and Gay* (1944) as Tom Newhall
- *Miss Susie Slagle\'s* (1946) as Elijah Howe, Jr.
- *The Virginian* (1946) as Sam Bennett
- *Our Hearts Were Growing Up* (1946) as Tom Newhall
- *Danger Street* (1947) as Sandy Evans
- *Home in San Antone* (1949) as Ted Gibson
- *Trail of the Yukon* (1949) as Jim Blaine
- *The Fighting Stallion* (1950) as Lon Evans
- *Federal Man* (1950) as Agent George Palmer
- *Border Outlaws* (1950) as Mike Hoskins
- *The First Legion* (1951) as Joe
- *First Man into Space* (1959) as Air Force pilot Lt. Dan Milton Prescott
- *Sea Hunt* (1961, Season 4, Episode 19) as USCG Commander Murdock
- *Tora! Tora! Tora!* (1970) as Colonel Kendall J
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# 1998 African Cup of Nations squads
Below is a list of squads used in the **1998 African Cup of Nations**.
## Group A {#group_a}
### Burkina Faso {#burkina_faso}
Coach: `{{flagicon|FRA}}`{=mediawiki} Philippe Troussier `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Ibrahima Diarra]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|2|16}}|caps=|club=[[FUS Rabat]]|clubnat=Morocco}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=FW|name=[[Seydou Traoré]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|9|17}}|caps=|club=[[FC Bressuire|Bressuire]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Firmin Sanou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|4|21}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Filante de Ouagadougou|Étoile Filante]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=MF|name=[[Abdoulaye Traoré (Burkinabé footballer)|Abdoulaye Traoré]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|11|29}}|caps=|club=[[Union Sportive des Forces Armées|USFA]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Ousmane Coulibaly (Burkinabé footballer)|Ousmane Coulibaly]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|2|23}}|caps=|club=[[Racing Club de Bobo]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Brahima Korbeogo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|1|23}}|caps=|club=[[Union Sportive des Forces Armées|USFA]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Ismael Koudou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|9|27}}|caps=|club=[[ASFA Yennega]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Manga Diabaté]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|11|13}}|caps=|club=[[Union Sportive des Forces Armées|USFA]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Kassoum Ouédraogo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1966|4|12}}|caps=|club=[[VfL Osnabrück]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Ousmane Sanou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|3|11}}|caps=|club=[[Willem II Tilburg|Willem II]]|clubnat=Netherlands}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Alain Nana]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|12|7}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Filante de Ouagadougou|Etoile Filante]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=MF|name=[[Brahima Traoré]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|2|24}}|caps=|club=[[FC Bressuire|Bressuire]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Roméo Kambou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1980|11|13}}|caps=|club=[[Union Sportive des Forces Armées|USFA]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=DF|name=[[Boureima Zongo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|3|16}}|caps=|club=[[Racing Club de Bobo]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=MF|name=[[Sidi Napon]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|8|29}}|caps=|club=[[AS Evry|Evry]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=DF|name=[[Jean-Michel Liade Gnonka]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1980|7|20}}|caps=|club=[[ASFA Yennega]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=DF|name=[[Souleymane Doumbia]]|age=|caps=|club=[[Grand Bassam]]|clubnat=Ivory Coast}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=DF|name=[[Ibrahima Tallé]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|3|31}}|caps=|club=[[Séwé Sports de San Pedro]]|clubnat=Ivory Coast}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=FW|name=[[Oumar Barro]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|6|3}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Filante de Ouagadougou|Étoile Filante]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=FW|name=[[Alassane Ouédraogo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1980|9|7}}|caps=|club=[[R. Charleroi S.C.|Charleroi]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=GK|name=[[Ibrahima Traoré (Burkina Faso)|Ibrahima Traoré]]|age=|caps=|club=[[Étoile Filante de Ouagadougou|Étoile Filante]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Abdoulaye Soulama]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1979|11|29}}|caps=|club=[[Association Sportive des Fonctionnaires de Bobo|ASF Bobo]]|clubnat=Burkina Faso}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Cameroon
Coach: Jean-Manga Onguene `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Jacques Songo'o]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1964|3|17}}|caps=|club=[[Deportivo de La Coruña|Deportivo La Coruña]]|clubnat=Spain}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Ernest Etchi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|6|4}}|caps=|club=[[Coton Sport FC de Garoua|Coton Sport]]|clubnat=Cameroon}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Pierre Wome]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1979|3|26}}|caps=|club=[[A.S. Lucchese-Libertas|Lucchese]]|clubnat=Italy}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Tobie Mimboe]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1964|6|30}}|caps=|club=[[Gençlerbirliği S.K.|Gençlerbirliği]]|clubnat=Turkey}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Raymond Kalla]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|4|22}}|caps=|club=[[Panachaiki F.C.|Panachaiki]]|clubnat=Greece}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=MF|name=[[Geremi Njitap|Geremi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|12|20}}|caps=|club=[[Gençlerbirliği S.K.|Gençlerbirliği]]|clubnat=Turkey}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Bernard Tchoutang]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|9|2}}|caps=|club=[[Roda JC Kerkrade|Roda JC]]|clubnat=Netherlands}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=DF|name=[[Romarin Billong]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|6|11}}|caps=|club=[[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Alphonse Tchami]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|2|14}}|caps=|club=[[Hertha BSC]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Patrick M'Boma]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|11|15}}|caps=|club=[[Gamba Osaka]]|clubnat=Japan}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Cyrille Mangan]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|9|13}}|caps=|club=[[Xanthi F.C.|Skoda Xanthi]]|clubnat=Greece}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=MF|name=[[Augustine Simo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|9|18}}|caps=|club=[[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=DF|name=[[Lucien Mettomo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|4|19}}|caps=|club=[[AS Saint-Étienne|Saint-Étienne]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=FW|name=[[Patrick Suffo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|1|17}}|caps=|club=[[FC Nantes|Nantes]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=MF|name=[[Marc-Vivien Foé]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|5|1}}|caps=|club=[[RC Lens|Lens]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=GK|name=[[Vincent Ongandzi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|11|22}}|caps=|club=[[Stade Bandjoun]]|clubnat=Cameroon}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=MF|name=[[Salomon Olembé]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1980|12|8}}|caps=|club=[[FC Nantes|Nantes]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=FW|name=[[Samuel Ipoua]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|3|1}}|caps=|club=[[SK Rapid Wien|Rapid Wien]]|clubnat=Austria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=MF|name=[[Fabrice Moreau (footballer)|Fabrice Moreau]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1967|10|7}}|caps=|club=[[Rayo Vallecano]]|clubnat=Spain}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=DF|name=[[Rigobert Song]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|7|1}}|caps=|club=[[FC Metz|Metz]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=FW|name=[[Joseph-Désiré Job]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|12|1}}|caps=|club=[[Olympique Lyonnais|Lyon]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Alioum Boukar]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|1|3}}|caps=|club=[[Samsunspor]]|clubnat=Turkey}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Algeria
Coach: Abderrahmane Mehdaoui `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Abdesslam Benabdellah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1964|1|12}}|caps=|club=[[Wydad Casablanca]]|clubnat=Morocco}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Fayçal Hamdani]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|7|13}}|caps=|club=[[USM Alger]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Abdelazziz Benhamlat]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|3|22}}|caps=|club=[[JS Kabylie]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Mahieddine Meftah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|9|25}}|caps=|club=[[USM Alger]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Mounir Zeghdoud]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|11|18}}|caps=|club=[[USM Alger]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=MF|name=[[Billel Dziri]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|1|21}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Lakhdar Adjali]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|7|18}}|caps=|club=[[FC Martigues|Martigues]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Moussa Saïb]] (c)|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|3|6}}|caps=|club=[[Tottenham Hotspur]]|clubnat=England}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Ishak Ali Moussa]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|12|27}}|caps=|club=[[CR Belcourt]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Abdelhafid Tasfaout]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|2|11}}|caps=|club=[[En Avant de Guingamp|Guingamp]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=FW|name=[[Kamel Kaci-Saïd]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1967|12|13}}|caps=|club=[[AS Cannes|Cannes]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=DF|name=[[Abdellatif Osmane]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|11|20}}|caps=|club=[[MC Oran]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Cheïkh Benzerga]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|11|18}}|caps=|club=[[MC Oran]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=DF|name=[[Kamel Habri]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|3|5}}|caps=|club=[[WA Tlemcen]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=DF|name=[[Ali Dahleb]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|8|25}}|caps=|club=[[WA Tlemcen]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=GK|name=[[Aomar Hamened]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|2|7}}|caps=|club=[[MC Alger]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=FW|name=[[Sid-Ahmed Benamara]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|7|9}}|caps=|club=[[MC Oran]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=MF|name=[[Billal Zouani]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|12|11}}|caps=|club=[[USM Blida]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Tarek Ghoul]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|1|6}}|caps=|club=[[USM Alger]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=MF|name=[[Salem Harcheche]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|7|24}}|caps=|club=[[FC Martigues|Martigues]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=FW|name=[[Kheireddine Kherris]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|5|8}}|caps=|club=[[WA Tlemcen]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Sid Ahmed Mahrez]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|12|15}}|caps=|club=[[JS Kabylie]]|clubnat=Algeria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Guinea
Coach: `{{flagicon|UKR}}`{=mediawiki} Vladimir Muntyan `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Saliou Diallo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|12|20}}|caps=|club=[[K.M.S.K. Deinze|Deinze]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Mohamed Ofei Sylla]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|8|15}}|caps=|club=[[Ismaily SC|Ismaily]]|clubnat=Egypt}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=MF|name=[[Abdoul Salam Sow]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|8|13}}|caps=|club=[[C.F. Os Belenenses|Belenenses]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=MF|name=[[Pablo Thiam]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|1|3}}|caps=|club=[[1. FC Köln]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Edgar Barbara Sylla]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|3|22}}|caps=|club=[[AS Evry|Évry]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Mohammed Camara]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|6|25}}|caps=|club=[[Le Havre AC|Le Havre]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Fodé Camara (footballer, born 1973)|Fodé Camara]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|12|9}}|caps=|club=[[K.V. Kortrijk|Kortrijk]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Mohamed Lamine Sylla]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|2|22}}|caps=|club=[[Ayr United F.C.|Ayr United]]|clubnat=Scotland}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Souleymane Oularé]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|10|16}}|caps=|club=[[K.R.C. Genk|Genk]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Titi Camara]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|11|17}}|caps=|club=[[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=FW|name=[[Momo Soumah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|4|20}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=FW|name=[[Taifour Diané]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|11|1}}|caps=|club=[[FC Homburg|Homburg]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=DF|name=[[Sekou Oumar Dramé]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|12|23}}|caps=|club=[[Lech Poznań]]|clubnat=Poland}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=MF|name=[[Ousmane N'Gom Camara]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|5|26}}|caps=|club=[[K.S.V. Waregem|Waregem]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=DF|name=[[Abdoul Karim Bangoura]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|2|9}}|caps=|club=[[Amiens SC|Amiens]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=GK|name=[[Abdallah Bah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|11|30}}|caps=|club=[[FB Île-Rousse|Île-Rousse]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=DF|name=[[Morlaye Soumah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|11|4}}|caps=|club=[[SC Bastia|Bastia]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=DF|name=[[Maurice Camara]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|9|17}}|caps=|club=[[ASFAG]]|clubnat=Guinea}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Ousmane Fernández]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|2|4}}|caps=|club=[[ASFAG]]|clubnat=Guinea}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=MF|name=[[Mohamed Alkhaly Soumah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|4|6}}|caps=|club=[[FC Karpaty Lviv|Karpaty Lviv]]|clubnat=Ukraine}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Keffing Dioubaté]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|11|28}}|caps=|club=[[Amiens SC|Amiens]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Kemoko Camara]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|5|4}}|caps=|club=[[AS Kaloum Star|Kaloum Star]]|clubnat=Guinea}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
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1998 African Cup of Nations squads
| 0 |
10,122,533 |
# 1998 African Cup of Nations squads
## Group B {#group_b}
### Ghana
Coach: `{{flagicon|NED}}`{=mediawiki} Rinus Israel `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Richard Kingson]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|7|13}}|caps=|club=[[Galatasaray S.K. (football)|Galatasaray]]|clubnat=Turkey}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Daniel Edusei]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1980|9|2}}|caps=|club=[[Ghapoha]]|clubnat=Ghana}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Princeton Owusu-Ansah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|8|12}}|caps=|club=[[Ashanti Gold S.C.|Ashanti Gold]]|clubnat=Ghana}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Samuel Kuffour]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|9|3}}|caps=|club=[[FC Bayern Munich|Bayern Munich]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Eric Addo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|11|12}}|caps=|club=[[Club Brugge KV|Club Brugge]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Mohammed Gargo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|6|19}}|caps=|club=[[Udinese Calcio|Udinese]]|clubnat=Italy}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Patrick Allotey]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|12|13}}|caps=|club=[[Feyenoord]]|clubnat=Netherlands}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Alex Nyarko]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|10|15}}|caps=|club=[[Karlsruher SC]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Emmanuel Tetteh]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|12|25}}|caps=|club=[[IFK Göteborg]]|clubnat=Sweden}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Abedi Pele]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1964|11|5}}|caps=|club=[[TSV 1860 Munich|1860 Munich]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Charles Akonnor]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|3|12}}|caps=|club=[[SC Fortuna Köln|Fortuna Köln]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=FW|name=[[Peter Ofori-Quaye]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1980|3|21}}|caps=|club=[[Olympiacos F.C.|Olympiacos]]|clubnat=Greece}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=DF|name=[[Emmanuel Osei Kuffour]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|4|6}}|caps=|club=[[Ebusua Dwarfs]]|clubnat=Ghana}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=DF|name=[[Edward Agyeman-Duah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|10|17}}|caps=|club=[[Ashanti Gold SC|Ashanti Gold]]|clubnat=Ghana}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=DF|name=[[Samuel Johnson (footballer, born 1973)|Samuel Johnson]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|7|25}}|caps=|club=[[R.S.C. Anderlecht|Anderlecht]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=GK|name=[[Simon Addo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|12|11}}|caps=|club=[[Kalamata F.C.|Kalamata]]|clubnat=Greece}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=FW|name=[[Felix Aboagye]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|5|12}}|caps=|club=[[Al-Ahly SC|Al-Ahly]]|clubnat=Egypt}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=MF|name=[[Ablade Kumah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|6|26}}|caps=|club=[[Al-Ittihad (Jeddah)|Al-Ittihad]]|clubnat=KSA}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Foster Bastios]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|2|20}}|caps=|club=[[Kalamata F.C.|Kalamata]]|clubnat=Greece}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=MF|name=[[Richard Ackon]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|10|10}}|caps=|club=[[Stabæk Fotball|Stabæk]]|clubnat=Norway}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=FW|name=[[Arthur Moses]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|3|3}}|caps=|club=[[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Constance Mantey]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|8|31}}|caps=|club=[[Asante Kotoko S.C.|Asante Kotoko]]|clubnat=Ghana}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Tunisia
Coach: `{{flagicon|POL}}`{=mediawiki} Henryk Kasperczak `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Sofiane Khabir]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1964|7|10}}|caps=|club=[[CS Sfaxien|Sfaxien]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Khaled Badra]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|4|8}}|caps=|club=[[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|Espérance]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Sami Trabelsi]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|2|4}}|caps=|club=[[CS Sfaxien|Sfaxien]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Taoufik Hichri]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1965|1|8}}|caps=|club=[[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|Espérance]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Mohamed Mkacher]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|5|25}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Ferid Chouchane]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|4|19}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Faouzi Rouissi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|3|26}}|caps=|club=[[Club Africain]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Zoubeir Baya]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|5|15}}|caps=|club=[[SC Freiburg]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Riadh Jelassi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|7|7}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=MF|name=[[Kais Ghodhbane]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|1|7}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Bechir Sahbani]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|10|22}}|caps=|club=[[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|Espérance]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=MF|name=[[Sofiane Fekih]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|8|9}}|caps=|club=[[CS Sfaxien|Sfaxien]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Riadh Bouazizi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|4|8}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=MF|name=[[Sirajeddine Chihi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|4|16}}|caps=|club=[[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|Espérance]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=MF|name=[[Maher Zdiri]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|9|5}}|caps=|club=[[Club Africain]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=GK|name=[[Radhouane Salhi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1967|2|18}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Sportive du Sahel|Étoile du Sahel]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=DF|name=[[Tarek Thabet]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|8|16}}|caps=|club=[[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|Espérance]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=FW|name=[[Mehdi Ben Slimane]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|1|1}}|caps=|club=[[SC Freiburg]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=MF|name=[[Hassan Gabsi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|2|23}}|caps=|club=[[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|Espérance]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=DF|name=[[Sabri Jaballah]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|6|28}}|caps=|club=[[Club Africain]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=FW|name=[[Ziad Tlemcani]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1963|5|10}}|caps=|club=[[Espérance Sportive de Tunis|Espérance]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Ali Boumnijel]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1966|4|13}}|caps=|club=[[SC Bastia|Bastia]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Togo
Coach: `{{flagicon|GER}}`{=mediawiki} Eberhard Vogel `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Weke Nimombe]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|2|19}}|caps=|club=[[Ashanti Gold S.C.|Ashanti Gold]]|clubnat=Ghana}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Messan Ametekodo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|12|3}}|caps=|club=[[Mangasport]]|clubnat=Gabon}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Yao Senaya]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1979|10|18}}|caps=|club=[[AS Cannes|Cannes]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Massamasso Tchangai]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|8|8}}|caps=|club=[[Club Athletic Bizertin|Bizertin]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Yaovi Abalo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|6|26}}|caps=|club=[[Amiens SC|Amiens]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Ratei Takpara]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|6|12}}|caps=|club=[[Bengarden]]|clubnat=Togo}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Abdoulaye Loukoumanou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|12|31}}|caps=|club=[[FC Istres|Istres]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Lantame Ouadja]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|8|28}}|caps=|club=[[Servette FC|Servette]]|clubnat=Switzerland}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Kossi Miwodeka Noutsoudje]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|10|16}}|caps=|club=[[Ashanti Gold S.C.|Ashanti Gold]]|clubnat=Ghana}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Bachirou Salou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|9|15}}|caps=|club=[[MSV Duisburg]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=FW|name=[[Franck Doté]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|12|15}}|caps=|club=[[Mangasport]]|clubnat=Gabon}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=MF|name=[[Komlan Assignon]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|1|20}}|caps=|club=[[AS Cannes|Cannes]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Chérif Touré Mamam]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|1|13}}|caps=|club=[[1. FC Nürnberg]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=MF|name=[[Kokouni Akpalo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|12|12}}|caps=|club=[[Sporting Toulon Var]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=DF|name=[[Kodjo Balogou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|11|17}}|caps=|club=[[Neuchâtel Xamax]]|clubnat=Switzerland}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=GK|name=[[Kbati Ouadja]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|8|28}}|caps=|club=[[Étoile Filante du Togo|Étoile Filante de Lomé]]|clubnat=Togo}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=FW|name=[[Mohamed Kader]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1979|4|8}}|caps=|club=[[Club Athletic Bizertin|Bizertin]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=DF|name=[[Amavi Agbobly-Atayi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|12|25}}|caps=|club=[[OC Agaza]]|clubnat=Togo}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=MF|name=[[Rafael Patron Akakpo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|12|1}}|caps=|club=[[Brunei M-League Team|Brunei]]|clubnat=Brunei}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=FW|name=[[Djima Oyawolé]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|10|18}}|caps=|club=[[FC Lorient|Lorient]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Abibou Tchagnao]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|5|23}}|caps=|club=[[FC Sète|Sète]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Adantor Akakpo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1965|9|21}}|caps=|club=[[OC Agaza]]|clubnat=Togo}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Congo DR {#congo_dr}
Coach: Louis Watunda `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Paulin Tokala Kombe|Nkombe Tokala]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|3|26}}|caps=|club=[[AS Vita Club|Vita Club]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Papi Kimoto]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|7|22}}|caps=|club=[[AC Sodigraf|Sodigraf]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Bijou Kisombe Mundaba]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|9|29}}|caps=|club=[[AC Sodigraf|Sodigraf]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Mutamba Makenga]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|11|17}}|caps=|club=[[AC Sodigraf|Sodigraf]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Mutamba Kabongo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|12|9}}|caps=|club=[[Anyang Cheetahs]]|clubnat=South Korea}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=MF|name=[[Dandou Kibonge Selenge]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|5|30}}|caps=|club=[[R. Charleroi S.C.|Charleroi]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Banza Kasongo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|6|26}}|caps=|club=[[AS Vita Club|Vita Club]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Roger Hitoto]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|2|24}}|caps=|club=[[Lille OSC|Lille]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Jerry Tondelua Mbuilua]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|2|27}}|caps=|club=[[Cercle Brugge K.S.V.|Cercle Brugge]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=MF|name=[[Didier Simba-Ekanza]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|8|9}}|caps=|club=[[K.S.K. Beveren|Beveren]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Botomotoito Skito Litimba]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|7|7}}|caps=|club=[[AS Vita Club|Vita Club]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=GK|name=[[Marcel Nkueni]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|4|12}}|caps=|club=[[DC Motemba Pembe|Motemba Pembe]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=DF|name=[[Esele Bakasu]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|9|14}}|caps=|club=[[AS Vita Club|Vita Club]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=DF|name=[[Lokenge Mungongo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|10|8}}|caps=|club=[[DC Motemba Pembe|Motemba Pembe]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=MF|name=[[Epotele Bazamba]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|5|13}}|caps=|club=[[AS Dragons (Kinshasa)|Dragons]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=FW|name=[[Marcel Kimemba Mbayo|Kimemba Mbayo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|4|23}}|caps=|club=[[AC Sodigraf|Sodigraf]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=MF|name=[[Emeka Mamale]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|10|21}}|caps=|club=[[R. Charleroi S.C.|Charleroi]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=FW|name=[[Umba Kanokene]]|age=|caps=|club=[[SCOM Mikishi|Mikishi]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Ndama Bapupa]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|6|30}}|caps=|club=[[K.V. Oostende|Oostende]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=FW|name=[[Eddy Bembuena-Keve]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|12|21}}|caps=|club=[[K.F.C. Lommelse S.K.|Lommelse]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Badibanga Ilunga]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|6|16}}|caps=|club=[[DC Motemba Pembe|Motemba Pembe]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Kapile Mtshipayi]]|age=|caps=|club=[[AS Dragons (Kinshasa)|Dragons]]|clubnat=Congo DR|natvar=1997}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
| 882 |
1998 African Cup of Nations squads
| 1 |
10,122,533 |
# 1998 African Cup of Nations squads
## Group C {#group_c}
### South Africa {#south_africa}
Coach: Jomo Sono `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Brian Baloyi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|3|16}}|caps=|club=[[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Andrew Rabutla]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|11|21}}|caps=|club=[[PAOK FC|PAOK]]|clubnat=Greece}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[David Nyathi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|3|22}}|caps=|club=[[FC St. Gallen|St. Gallen]]|clubnat=Switzerland}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Willem Jackson]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|3|26}}|caps=|club=[[Orlando Pirates]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Mark Fish]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|3|14}}|caps=|club=[[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]]|clubnat=England}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=FW|name=[[Phil Masinga]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|6|28}}|caps=|club=[[F.C. Bari 1908|Bari]]|clubnat=Italy}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Alex Bapela]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|10|4}}|caps=|club=[[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Dumisa Ngobe]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|3|5}}|caps=|club=[[Orlando Pirates]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=DF|name=[[Aaron Mokoena]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1980|11|25}}|caps=|club=[[Jomo Cosmos]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=MF|name=[[John Moshoeu]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1965|12|18}}|caps=|club=[[Fenerbahçe S.K. (football)|Fenerbahçe]]|clubnat=Turkey}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=FW|name=[[Helman Mkhalele]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|10|20}}|caps=|club=[[Kayserispor]]|clubnat=Turkey}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=FW|name=[[Brendan Augustine]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|11|26}}|caps=|club=[[LASK Linz]]|clubnat=Austria}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=FW|name=[[Pollen Ndlanya]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|5|22}}|caps=|club=[[Bursaspor]]|clubnat=Turkey}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=MF|name=[[Quinton Fortune]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|5|21}}|caps=|club=[[Club Atlético de Madrid|Atlético Madrid]]|clubnat=Spain}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=MF|name=[[Thabo Mooki]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|10|27}}|caps=|club=[[Kaizer Chiefs F.C.|Kaizer Chiefs]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=GK|name=[[Simon Gopane]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|12|26}}|caps=|club=[[Bloemfontein Celtic F.C.|Bloemfontein Celtic]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=FW|name=[[Benni McCarthy]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|11|12}}|caps=|club=[[AFC Ajax|Ajax]]|clubnat=Netherlands}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=MF|name=[[John Moeti]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1967|8|30}}|caps=|club=[[Orlando Pirates]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Lucas Radebe]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|4|12}}|caps=|club=[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]|clubnat=England}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=MF|name=[[Brandon Silent]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|1|22}}|caps=|club=[[Orlando Pirates]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Themba Mnguni]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|12|16}}|caps=|club=[[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[John Tlale]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1967|5|15}}|caps=|club=[[Free State Stars|QwaQwa Stars]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Angola
Coach: `{{flagicon|POR}}`{=mediawiki} Professor Neca `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Marito]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|9|30}}|caps=|club=[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Petro de Luanda]]|clubnat=Angola}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Bodunha]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|7|28}}|caps=|club=[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Petro de Luanda]]|clubnat=Angola}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Raúl Barbosa António dos Santos|Raul Barbosa]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|5|18}}|caps=|club=[[F.C. Felgueiras|Felgueiras]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Hélder Vicente]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|9|30}}|caps=|club=[[C.D. Primeiro de Agosto|Primeiro de Agosto]]|clubnat=Angola}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[António João Neto|Neto]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|10|10}}|caps=|club=[[C.D. Primeiro de Agosto|Primeiro de Agosto]]|clubnat=Angola}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Paulo Jorge da Silva|Paulo Silva]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|5|5}}|caps=|club=[[G.D. Chaves|Chaves]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Paulo António Alves|Paulão]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|10|22}}|caps=|club=[[Associação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F.|Académica de Coimbra]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Carlos Pedro Pires de Melo|Carlos Pedro]] ([[Captain (association football)|c]])|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|4|6}}|caps=|club=[[S.C. Espinho|Espinho]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=MF|name=[[Fernando Manuel Sousa|Fernando Sousa]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1967|8|4}}|caps=|club=[[Campomaiorense]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Akwá]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|5|30}}|caps=|club=[[Associação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F.|Académica de Coimbra]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Lito Vidigal]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|7|11}}|caps=|club=[[C.F. Os Belenenses|Belenenses]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=GK|name=[[Nando Fernando Morais|Nando]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1966|1|27}}|caps=|club=[[Atlético Sport Aviação|ASA]]|clubnat=Angola}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=DF|name=[[Aurélio de Sousa Soares|Aurélio]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|4|18}}|caps=|club=[[Associação Académica de Coimbra – O.A.F.|Académica de Coimbra]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=FW|name=[[Joaquim Alberto Silva|Quinzinho]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|3|4}}|caps=|club=[[Rio Ave F.C.|Rio Ave]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=GK|name=[[Simão Simon Lukebano|Simão]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1962|3|14}}|caps=|club=[[Progresso da Lunda Sul]]|clubnat=Angola}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=MF|name=[[Zito Helmer da Piedade Rosa|Zito]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|7|3}}|caps=|club=[[G.D. Chaves|Chaves]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=MF|name=[[Luís Miguel (footballer, born 1971)|Luís Miguel]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|7|22}}|caps=|club=[[Sporting Clube de Portugal|Sporting CP]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=MF|name=[[Miguel Francisco Pereira|Miguel Pereira]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|8|23}}|caps=|club=[[FC Schalke 04|Schalke 04]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=MF|name=[[João Manuel Pascoal Cacharamba|Cacharamba]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|8|14}}|caps=|club=[[Atlético Petróleos de Luanda|Petro de Luanda]]|clubnat=Angola}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=DF|name=[[Julião Kutonda]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1965|4|5}}|caps=|club=[[C.D. Primeiro de Agosto|Primeiro de Agosto]]|clubnat=Angola}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Francisco Vicente Assis|Francisco Assis]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|12|25}}|caps=|club=[[C.D. Primeiro de Agosto|Primeiro de Agosto]]|clubnat=Angola}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=MF|name=[[Lázaro Oliveira]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1967|8|27}}|caps=|club=[[C.F. Estrela da Amadora|Estrela da Amadora]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Cote d\'Ivoire {#cote_divoire}
Coach: `{{flagicon|FRA}}`{=mediawiki} Robert Nouzaret `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Alain Gouaméné]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1966|6|15}}|caps=|club=[[Toulouse FC|Toulouse]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=MF|name=[[Ibrahima Diomandé]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|10|28}}|caps=|club=[[ASEC Abidjan]]|clubnat=Cote d'Ivoire}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Patrice Zere]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|12|20}}|caps=|club=[[K.R.C. Zuid-West-Vlaanderen|Zuid-West-Vlaanderen]]|clubnat=Belgium}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=MF|name=[[Lassina Diabaté]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|9|16}}|caps=|club=[[FC Girondins de Bordeaux|Bordeaux]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Ghislain Akassou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|2|15}}|caps=|club=[[ASEC Abidjan]]|clubnat=Cote d'Ivoire}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Lassina Dao]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|2|6}}|caps=|club=[[Africa Sports]]|clubnat=Cote d'Ivoire}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=FW|name=[[Joël Tiéhi]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1964|6|12}}|caps=|club=[[Toulouse FC|Toulouse]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=DF|name=[[Didier Angan]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|8|27}}|caps=|club=[[OGC Nice|Nice]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Bonaventure Kalou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|1|12}}|caps=|club=[[Feyenoord]]|clubnat=Netherlands}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Moussa Traoré (footballer, born 1971)|Moussa Traoré]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|12|25}}|caps=|club=[[US Créteil-Lusitanos|Créteil]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=MF|name=[[Ibrahima Koné (footballer, born 1969)|Ibrahima Koné]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|7|26}}|caps=|club=[[Ashanti Gold S.C.|Ashanti Gold]]|clubnat=Ghana}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=GK|name=[[Losseni Konaté]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|12|29}}|caps=|club=[[ASEC Abidjan]]|clubnat=Cote d'Ivoire}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Aliou Siby Badra]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|2|26}}|caps=|club=[[ASEC Abidjan]]|clubnat=Cote d'Ivoire}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=MF|name=[[Tchiressoua Guel]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|12|27}}|caps=|club=[[ASEC Abidjan]]|clubnat=Cote d'Ivoire}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=FW|name=[[Sob Evariste Dibo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|12|27}}|caps=|club=[[Rio Ave F.C.|Rio Ave]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=GK|name=[[Seydou Diarra (footballer)|Seydou Diarra]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|4|16}}|caps=|club=[[ASEC Abidjan]]|clubnat=Cote d'Ivoire}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=DF|name=[[Cyril Domoraud]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|7|22}}|caps=|club=[[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=FW|name=[[Ahmed Ouattara]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|12|15}}|caps=|club=[[FC Sion|Sion]]|clubnat=Switzerland}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Blaise Kouassi (footballer, born 1974)|Blaise Kouassi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|2|2}}|caps=|club=[[ASEC Abidjan]]|clubnat=Cote d'Ivoire}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=FW|name=[[Ibrahima Bakayoko]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|12|31}}|caps=|club=[[Montpellier HSC|Montpellier]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Donald-Olivier Sie]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|4|3}}|caps=|club=[[ASEC Abidjan]]|clubnat=Côte d'Ivoire}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=DF|name=[[Saliou Lassissi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|8|15}}|caps=|club=[[Stade Rennais|Rennes]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Namibia
Coach: Ruston Mogane `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Fillemon Kanalelo]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|5|23}}|caps=|club=[[Mamelodi Sundowns F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Petrus Haraseb]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|6|1}}|caps=|club=[[Liverpool (Namibia)|Liverpool]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Sylvanus Njambari]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|8|28}}|caps=|club=[[Black Africa F.C.|Black Africa]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=MF|name=[[Frans Ananias]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|12|1}}|caps=|club=[[FC Penzberg|Penzberg]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Bimbo Tjihero]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|12|1}}|caps=|club=[[Liverpool (Namibia)|Liverpool]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=MF|name=[[Silvester Goraseb]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|9|7}}|caps=|club=[[Black Africa F.C.|Black Africa]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Sandro De Gouveia]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|7|28}}|caps=|club=[[Blue Waters]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=FW|name=[[Gervatius Uri Khob]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|4|3}}|caps=|club=[[Chief Santos]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Ruben Van Wyk]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|6|16}}|caps=|club=[[Liverpool (Namibia)|Liverpool]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=MF|name=[[Ricardo Mannetti]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|4|24}}|caps=|club=[[Santos F.C. (South Africa)|Santos]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=FW|name=[[Berlin Auchumeb]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|1|9}}|caps=|club=[[Chief Santos]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=MF|name=[[Mohammed Ouseb]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|7|17}}|caps=|club=[[Chief Santos]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=DF|name=[[Simon Uutoni]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|2|10}}|caps=|club=[[Liverpool (Namibia)|Liverpool]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=DF|name=[[Stanley Goagoseb]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1967|3|7}}|caps=|club=[[FC Civics|Civics]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=MF|name=[[Johannes Hindjou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|11|8}}|caps=|club=[[Liverpool (Namibia)|Liverpool]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=GK|name=[[Petrus Andjamba]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|7|4}}|caps=|club=[[United Africa Tigers|MP Tigers]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=DF|name=[[Robert Nauseb]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|8|23}}|caps=|club=[[FC Civics|Civics]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=FW|name=[[Eliphas Shivute]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|9|27}}|caps=|club=[[Motherwell F.C.|Motherwell]]|clubnat=Scotland}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=DF|name=[[Phillip Gariseb]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|9|6}}|caps=|club=[[FC Penzberg|Penzberg]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=FW|name=[[Fillemon Angula]]|age=|caps=|club=[[Oshakati City FC|Oshakati City]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=GK|name=[[Danzyl Bruwer]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|11|5}}|caps=|club=[[FC Civics|Civics]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=MF|name=[[Johannes Jossop]]|age=|caps=|club=[[Black Africa F.C.|Black Africa]]|clubnat=Namibia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
| 940 |
1998 African Cup of Nations squads
| 2 |
10,122,533 |
# 1998 African Cup of Nations squads
## Group D {#group_d}
### Zambia
Coach: `{{flagicon|GER}}`{=mediawiki} Burkhard Ziese replaced by George Mungwa for last match. `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[James Phiri]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|2|13}}|caps=|club=[[Zanaco FC|Zanaco]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=MF|name=[[Tenant Chilumba]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|8|22}}|caps=|club=[[Al Taawon]]|clubnat=KSA}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=FW|name=[[Dennis Lota]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|12|8}}|caps=|club=[[Mpumalanga Black Aces F.C.|Witbank Black Aces]]|clubnat=South Africa}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=FW|name=[[Masauso Tembo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|2|25}}|caps=|club=[[Zamsure FC|Zamsure]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=MF|name=[[John Lungu]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1966|6|12}}|caps=|club=[[Roan United]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=MF|name=[[Mumamba Numba]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|3|21}}|caps=|club=[[Konkola Blades F.C.|Konkola Blades]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=DF|name=[[Hillary Makasa]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1975|1|12}}|caps=|club=[[Roan United F.C.|Roan United]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=DF|name=[[Harrison Chongo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|6|5}}|caps=|club=[[Al Taawon]]|clubnat=KSA}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=DF|name=[[Elijah Litana]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|12|5}}|caps=|club=[[Al-Hilal FC|Al-Hilal]]|clubnat=Saudi Arabia}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=MF|name=[[Kenneth Malitoli]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1966|8|20}}|caps=|club=''Unattached''|}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=FW|name=[[Kalusha Bwalya]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1963|8|16}}|caps=|club=[[Club León]]|clubnat=Mexico}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=GK|name=[[Davies Phiri]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1976|4|1}}|caps=|club=[[Kabwe Warriors F.C.|Kabwe Warriors]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=MF|name=[[Maybin Chisanga]]|age=|caps=|club=[[Power Dynamos F.C.|Power Dynamos]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=FW|name=[[Frazier Kamwandi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|3|10}}|caps=|club=[[Nkana F.C.|Nkana Red Devils]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=DF|name=[[Allan Kamwanga]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|10|30}}|caps=|club=[[Mufulira Wanderers F.C.|Mufulira Wanderers]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=MF|name=[[Andrew Tembo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|8|19}}|caps=|club=[[Odense BK|Odense]]|clubnat=Denmark}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=DF|name=[[Peter Chitila]]|age=|caps=|club=[[Power Dynamos F.C.|Power Dynamos]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=FW|name=[[Sylvester Musonda]]|age=|caps=|club=[[Kalulushi Modern Stars]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=MF|name=[[Roatson Kilambe]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1978|8|6}}|caps=|club=[[Power Dynamos F.C.|Power Dynamos]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=DF|name=[[Mordon Malitoli]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|8|5}}|caps=|club=[[Nkana F.C.|Nkana Red Devils]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=DF|name=[[Moses Sichone]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|5|31}}|caps=|club=[[Nchanga Rangers F.C.|Nchanga Rangers]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=22|pos=GK|name=[[Collins Mbulo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|1|15}}|caps=|club=[[Mufulira Wanderers F.C.|Mufulira Wanderers]]|clubnat=Zambia|natvar=1964}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs end}}`{=mediawiki}
### Morocco
Coach: `{{flagicon|FRA}}`{=mediawiki} Henri Michel `{{nat fs start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=1|pos=GK|name=[[Abdelkader El Brazi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1964|11|5}}
|caps=|club=[[FAR Rabat]]|clubnat=Morocco}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=2|pos=DF|name=[[Abdelilah Saber]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|4|21}}|caps=|club=[[Sporting Clube de Portugal|Sporting CP]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=3|pos=DF|name=[[Abdelkarim El Hadrioui]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|3|6}}|caps=|club=[[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=4|pos=DF|name=[[Youssef Rossi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|6|28}}|caps=|club=[[Stade Rennais F.C.|Rennes]]|clubnat=France}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=5|pos=DF|name=[[Smahi Triki]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1967|8|1}}|caps=|club=[[Lausanne Sports|Lausanne]]|clubnat=Switzerland}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=6|pos=DF|name=[[Noureddine Naybet]]|other=[[Captain (association football)|captain]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|2|10}}|caps=|club=[[Deportivo de La Coruña|Deportivo La Coruña]]|clubnat=Spain}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=7|pos=MF|name=[[Mustapha Hadji]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|11|16}}|caps=|club=[[Deportivo de La Coruña|Deportivo La Coruña]]|clubnat=Spain}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=8|pos=MF|name=[[Saïd Chiba]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|9|28}}|caps=|club=[[SD Compostela|Compostela]]|clubnat=Spain}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=9|pos=FW|name=[[Youssef Fertout]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|7|7}}|caps=|club=[[C.F. Os Belenenses|Belenenses]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=10|pos=FW|name=[[Abderrahim Ouakili]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|12|11}}|caps=|club=[[TSV 1860 Munich|1860 Munich]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=11|pos=FW|name=[[Ali El-Khattabi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1977|1|17}}|caps=|club=[[SC Heerenveen|Heerenveen]]|clubnat=Netherlands}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=12|pos=GK|name=[[Driss Benzekri (footballer)|Driss Benzekri]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|12|31}}|caps=|club=[[RS Settat]]|clubnat=Morocco}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=13|pos=FW|name=[[Ahmed Bahja]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1970|12|21}}|caps=|club=[[Al-Ittihad (Jeddah)|Al-Ittihad]]|clubnat=KSA}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=14|pos=FW|name=[[Salaheddine Bassir]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|9|5}}|caps=|club=[[Deportivo de La Coruña|Deportivo La Coruña]]|clubnat=Spain}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=15|pos=DF|name=[[Lahcen Abrami]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1969|12|31}}|caps=|club=[[Wydad Casablanca]]|clubnat=Morocco}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=16|pos=MF|name=[[Rachid Azzouzi]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1971|1|10}}|caps=|club=[[SpVgg Greuther Fürth|Greuther Fürth]]|clubnat=Germany}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=17|pos=MF|name=[[Abdellatif Jrindou]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1974|10|1}}|caps=|club=[[Raja Casablanca]]|clubnat=Morocco}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=18|pos=MF|name=[[Youssef Chippo]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1973|5|10}}|caps=|club=[[FC Porto|Porto]]|clubnat=Portugal}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=19|pos=FW|name=[[Abdeljalil Hadda]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1972|1|23}}|caps=|club=[[Club Africain]]|clubnat=Tunisia|natvar=1959}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=20|pos=MF|name=[[Mustapha Khalif]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1964|9|19}}|caps=|club=[[Raja Casablanca]]|clubnat=Morocco}}`{=mediawiki} `{{nat fs player|no=21|pos=MF|name=[[Taher El Khalej]]|age={{Birth date and age2|df=yes|1998|2|7|1968|6|16}}|caps=|club=[[S.L
| 432 |
1998 African Cup of Nations squads
| 3 |
10,122,548 |
# Mihály Farkas
**Mihály Farkas** (born **Hermann Lőwy**; 18 July 1904 -- 6 December 1965) was a Hungarian Communist politician who served as Minister of National Defense of the Hungarian People\'s Republic.
## Biography
He was born in 1904 in Abaújszántó to Jewish parents, in the Abaúj-Torna County of the Kingdom of Hungary, and became a Communist in the 1920s. He lived in Košice and Prague then. He fought in the Spanish Civil War; later he moved to the Soviet Union. He returned to Hungary in late 1944 alongside other Hungarian communists and became a member of the Central Committee, the Political Committee and the Secretariat of the Hungarian Communist Party from May 1945. In 1945 he became under-secretary of Home Affairs. In 1946 he was elected deputy secretary and became the chairman of the party\'s Management Committee. He was Minister of National Defence from 9 September 1948 to 2 July 1953. He was one of the main instigators during the Rákosi era.`{{Clarify|date=March 2015}}`{=mediawiki} In 1956 he was expelled from the party and convicted. He was released from prison in 1961 and spent his last years working as an editor and publisher in Budapest, where he died in 1965.
His son Vladimir was a colonel of the security police during the Rákosi era
| 213 |
Mihály Farkas
| 0 |
10,122,623 |
# 2006 Legends Tour
The **2006 Legends Tour** schedule featured four events showcasing professional women golfers aged 45 and older sanctioned by the LPGA Tour. Based in the United States, it is the official senior tour of the LPGA Tour. The tour was founded in 2000 by 25 veteran LPGA Tour players, and is intended to allow women to prolong their competitive golf careers on the model of the successful Champions Tour for men.
## Schedule and results {#schedule_and_results}
The Tour consisted of four events in 2006. The number in brackets after each winner\'s name is the number of Legends Tour events she had won up to and including that tournament
| 111 |
2006 Legends Tour
| 0 |
10,122,624 |
# Factor 10
**Factor Ten** is a social and economic policy program developed by the Factor Ten institute with the stated goal of \"provid\[ing\] practical support for achieving significant advances in sustainable value creation, in particular through increases in resource productivity throughout the economy.
## History
Friedrich Schmidt-Bleek, from the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, first proposed the Factor 10 and dematerialization concepts in the early 1990s. He concluded in his studies that 80% of the world\'s resources are distributed among First World nations, which contribute 20% of the global population, so those nations are promoting an unsustainable system of development. The goal of Factor 10 is to assure that nations do not exceed the planet\'s carrying capacity but leave sufficient resources for future generations.
## Factor 4 {#factor_4}
Factor 10 evolved from the less dramatic **Factor 4** was originally proposed by L. Hunter Lovins and Amory Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute and Ernst von Weizsäcker, the founder of the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment & Energy. Their book *Factor 4* explains how simple it is for nations to achieve Factor 4 results with existing technologies. The concept attempts to reduce resource and energy use by 75% by doubling output and halving input of production.
## Goals
Factor 10 requires the creation of new technologies, policies, and manufacturing processes along with sociocultural change to create a global economy that is sustainable for a long period of time. The long-term goal of Factor 10, many governments and firms aspiring toward short term relief have difficulty achieving the massive reductions proposed by factor 10. The lack of existing incentives and policies for a sufficient resource-efficient economy requires an adjustment of economic and fiscal framework. Eco-efficiency, environmental purchasing design for environment, policies and environmental taxes have already been used by business and governments implementing the Factor 10 theory.
Factor 10 goes farther as a response to the United Nations Environment Programme call for a tenfold reduction in resource consumption in industrialized countries as a necessary long-term target if adequate resources are to be released for the needs of the developing countries. With the predicted rise in population and economic growth to maintain the level of pollution we have today, we need to be able to produce the same output for 10% of the impact.
Factor 10 concept is the direct way of using metric and various activities that can reduce the throughput of resources and energy in the given process. The essential question is by what factor certain flows can or should be reduced. It is a useful tool to monitor the performance of business in terms of dematerialization
| 439 |
Factor 10
| 0 |
10,122,628 |
# 1811 in Ireland
Events from the year **1811 in Ireland**.
## Events
- Kildare Place Society (formally, The Society for Promoting the Education of the Poor in Ireland) founded as a non-denominational organisation by a group of Dublin philanthropists.
- *The Missionary: An Indian Tale*, a romance novela by Irish author Sydney Owenson (Lady Morgan) is published.
- 4 December -- Royal Navy frigate `{{HMS|Saldanha|1809}}`{=mediawiki} is driven in a gale onto rocks in Lough Swilly with no survivors from the estimated 253 aboard.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- James Sheridan Knowles\' play *Brian Boroihme; or, The Maid of Erin* is performed in Belfast.
## Births
- 21 January -- James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn, politician and twice Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (died 1885).
- 10 March -- Yankee Sullivan, bare knuckle fighter and boxer (died 1856).
- 11 March -- Lady Katherine Sophia Kane née Baily, botanist (died 1886).
- 11 November -- John Egan, businessman and politician in Ottawa (died 1857).
Full date unknown
- Patrick Murray, theologian (died 1882).
## Deaths
- Robert Brooke, soldier, Governor of St Helena (born 1744)
| 186 |
1811 in Ireland
| 0 |
10,122,696 |
# Bowl of Flowers
**Bowl of Flowers** (foaled 1958 in Virginia) was an American Hall of Fame Thoroughbred Champion racehorse.
## Background
Bowl of Flowers was the product of two horses owned by Isabel Dodge Sloane. Bred at Ms Sloane\'s Brookmeade Stud in Upperville, Virginia, her sire was Sailor, winner of the 1955 Pimlico Special, and her dam was Flower Bowl, for whom the Flower Bowl Invitational Stakes at Belmont Park is named. Bowl of Flowers was a half-sister to the successful racehorses and sires Graustark and His Majesty (both by Ribot).
Racing under the banner of Ms Sloane\'s Brookmeade Stable, Bowl of Flowers was trained by Elliott Burch.
## Racing career {#racing_career}
At age two, in her eight starts the filly won six races and finished second twice. Her performances earned her 1960 Champion Two-Year-Old Filly honors. At age three, she continued her winning ways, capturing two of the Triple Tiara of Thoroughbred Races and finishing second in the third. Once again, Bowl of Flowers\' performances earned her the U.S. Champion three-year-old filly title.
## Retirement
While training at Hialeah Park Race Track in Florida for the 1962 racing season, Bowl of Flowers fractured a sesamoid bone and was retired. As a broodmare, she produced seven foals including the colt Spruce Bouquet (by Big Spruce), who won the 1981 Hawthorne Gold Cup Handicap, and the sire Whiskey Road (by Nijinsky), whose progeny included the 1981 Melbourne Cup winner Just A Dash and the international champion Strawberry Road.
## Honors
In 2004, Bowl of Flowers was inducted in the United States\' National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame
| 269 |
Bowl of Flowers
| 0 |
10,122,707 |
# Viru Keemia Grupp
**Viru Keemia Grupp** is a private Estonian large-scale industrial enterprise. It focuses on oil shale mining, shale oil, combined heat and power production and production and marketing of fine chemical products.
Viru Keemia Grupp is located in Kohtla-Järve and continues the Estonian oil shale valorisation tradition that started in 1924. The company is based on private capital since 1997 when AS Kiviter was privatised. ^\[1\]^
## History
Estonia's oil shale industry is a traditional Estonian industry, founded during the First Republic. Local oil shale industry provided heat and light to Estonian households starting from 1924, and supplied household gas to Leningrad and Tallinn as well as other Northern Estonian towns. The list of products made in Kohtla-Järve through decades is rich and varied -- from shale oil to fine chemicals, epoxy resins to nitrogen fertilisers, hair dye components to bitumens.
## Operations
VKG\'s two main areas of operations are shale oil extraction, and electricity and heat production and distribution.
### Shale oil production {#shale_oil_production}
The subsidiary producing shale oil is VKG Oil. The company utilizes two different processes: Kiviter and Galoter. The company also tested but rejected the Alberta Taciuk Process. In total, VKG Oil processes 2 million tons of oil shale per year, producing 250,000 tons of shale oil.
The company operates several Kiviter retorts, the largest of them having a processing capacity of 40 tonnes per hour of oil shale feedstock. As of 2016, these retorts were out of operation due to low oil prices. It also operates three Galoter-type retorts called Petroter. Engineering of the retort was done by Atomenergoproject of Saint Petersburg; engineering of the condensation and distillation plant was done by Rintekno of Finland. The first Petroter plant has a processing capacity of 1.1 million tonnes of oil shale per year, and it produces 100,000 tonnes of shale oil, 30 e6m3 of oil shale gas, and 150 GWh of steam per year.
### Power generation and distribution {#power_generation_and_distribution}
VKG\'s subsidiary VKG Energia, a power and heat generation company, was established in 2004 after VKG bought the Kohtla-Järve Power Plant and the Kohtla-Järve heat distribution system from Kohtla-Järve Soojus. In 2005, it bought another power plant in Kohtla-Järve from Fortum Termest. In 2006, VKG bought a 40.8% stake in Kohtla-Järve Soojus, an operator of the Ahtme Power Plant, and in 2010 it took a full control of the company, now VKG Soojus. All generations capacities were transferred to VKG Energia while VKG Soojus is responsible for heat distribution. All generations capacities were transferred to VKG Energia while VKG Soojus is responsible for heat distribution. VKG Energia has installed electrical capacity of 80 MW and heat capacity of 700 MW.
In July 2006, VKG acquired Narva Elektrivõrk, the second-largest power distribution company in Estonia, and renamed it VKG Elektrivõrgud.
### Other activities {#other_activities}
In April 2011, VKG acquired assets of a bankrupt company Silbet Plokk that manufactured cinder blocks for construction from oil shale burning residue. The company was renamed VKG Plokk. The coalition-agreement of Jüri Ratas\' second cabinet formed in 2019 between the Centre Party, EKRE and Pro Patria, expresses support to the development of the local oil industry. Therefore, VKG and Eesti Energia decided to initiate a cost-benefit study aimed at establishing an oil pre-refining plant in Ida-Viru County. The plant would require a 650 million euro investment.
## Subsidiaries
Main subsidiaries of VKG are:
- VKG Oil - shale oil producer
- Viru RMT -- company producing, assembling and repairing metal structures, pipelines and pressure equipment
- VKG Transport -- transportation company
- VKG Energia - heat and power generation company
- VKG Soojus -- heat distribution company
- VKG Elektrivõrgud -- electricity distribution company
- VKG Elektriehitus -- construction of power systems
- VKG Kaevandused -- oil shale mining
- VKG Plokk -- production of cinder blocks
- OOO Slantsehim (73
| 642 |
Viru Keemia Grupp
| 0 |
10,122,731 |
# 1869 in Ireland
Events from the year **1869 in Ireland**.
## Events
- July 26 -- the royal assent is given to the Irish Church Act, disestablishing the Church of Ireland with effect from 1871 and abolishing payment of tithe, the legislation having passed through the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and House of Lords.
- August -- anti-Irish riots at Pontlottyn in the Rhymney Valley of Wales result in one death.
- August 31 -- scientist Mary Ward is killed in a steam car accident at Parsonstown, Ireland\'s first victim of a mechanically propelled road vehicle.
## Sport
### Hare coursing {#hare_coursing}
- Waterloo Cup won by Master McGrath.
### Yachting
- The Royal Ulster Yacht Club of Bangor, County Down, receives its royal warrant.
## Births
- 16 March -- Peter Maher, boxer (died 1940).
- 27 March -- James McNeill, politician and second Governor-General of the Irish Free State (died 1938).
- 26 April -- Lowry Hamilton, cricketer (died 1936).
- 19 May -- John Wheatley, socialist politician (died 1930 in Scotland)
- 23 May -- Hamilton Lyster Reed, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1899 at the Battle of Colenso, South Africa (died 1931).
- 29 May -- William Harman, cricketer (died 1962).
- 1 August -- Ambrose Upton Gledstanes Bury, politician in Alberta, Canada (died 1951).
- 6 August -- David McKee Wright, poet (died 1928 in Australia).
- 30 November -- James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn, Unionist politician and first Governor of Northern Ireland (died 1953).
- 27 December -- William Harrington, cricketer (died 1940).
- Helen Boyle, physician and psychologist (died 1957 in England)
## Deaths
- 30 January -- William Carleton, writer (born 1794).
- 11 February -- Patrick J. Whelan, tailor and alleged Fenian sympathizer, convicted of assassination of Thomas D\'Arcy McGee in 1868, hanged (b. c1840).
- 2 March -- Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough, British Field Marshal (born 1779).
- 6 March -- James Emerson Tennent, politician and traveller (born 1804).
- 14 March -- Joseph Francis Olliffe, physician (born 1808).
- 26 March -- John T. Mullock, Roman Catholic Bishop of St. John\'s, Newfoundland (born 1807).
- 31 August -- Mary Ward, scientist (born 1827).
- 10 June -- Joseph Prosser, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1855 at Sevastopol, Crimea (born 1833; died in Liverpool)
| 396 |
1869 in Ireland
| 0 |
10,122,739 |
# John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll
**John Douglas Edward Henry Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll**, `{{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|FRS|FRSE}}`{=mediawiki} (21 December 1777 -- 25 April 1847), known as **Lord John Campbell** until 1839, was a Scottish peer and Whig politician.
## Background
Campbell was born in London, the third son of John Campbell, 5th Duke of Argyll. His mother was Elizabeth Campbell, 1st Baroness Hamilton of Hameldon, who had been ennobled in her own right in 1776. Campbell was baptised on 18 January 1778 at St James\'s in Westminster. He was educated privately and later attended Christ Church, Oxford. In 1803, he travelled to Paris, where he met Talleyrand as well as Napoleon; Campbell returned to England the following year. He succeeded his older brother George Campbell, 6th Duke of Argyll in his titles in 1839.
## Career
Campbell was commissioned into the British Army in 1797 as an ensign of the 3rd Foot Guards, commanded by his father. He purchased a lieutenancy in 1799 and shortly afterwards became a captain. During the French Revolutionary Wars, Campbell served in the Netherlands under orders of Sir Ralph Abercromby. He retired in 1801 forced by ill health and after two years was appointed lieutenant-colonel and commandant of the Argyll Volunteers. Following the rearrangement of the country\'s militias in 1809, he became colonel of the Argyll and Bute Militia.
He entered the British House of Commons in 1799, having been elected for Argyllshire as replacement for his uncle Lord Frederick Campbell. After the Act of Union 1801, he continued to represent the constituency also in the new Parliament of the United Kingdom until 1822. He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1819. Campbell was nominated Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland in 1841, an office he held for the next five years.
## The British American Colonization Association {#the_british_american_colonization_association}
In 1841, the 7th Duke of Argyll, along with other British and Irish noblemen, established the British American Colonization Association, also known as the British American Association. This entity was involved in monetising the migration of foreign populations to British North America, which was not without controversy:
Upon bankruptcy of the association, it was established that the Duke of Argyll was aware of the economic bubble created by the association, which resulted in lost wages for workers, and non-existent provisions for the migrants who participated in his colonization scheme.
## Marriages and children {#marriages_and_children}
Argyll married firstly Elizabeth, eldest daughter of William Campbell against the wishes of his father in 1802. They were divorced six years later having had no children.
Argyll married Joan, only daughter of John Glassel in 1820. They had three children:
- John Henry Campbell, Earl of Campbell (11 January 1821 -- 27 May 1837)
- George Douglas Campbell, 8th Duke of Argyll (30 April 1823 -- 24 April 1900) he married Lady Elizabeth Leveson-Gower (30 May 1824 -- 25 May 1878) on 31 July 1844. They had twelve children. He remarried Amelia Claughton (12 April 1843 -- 4 January 1894) on 13 August 1881. He remarried, again, Ina McNeill on 30 July 1895
- Lady Emma Augusta Campbell (1825 -- 30 May 1893) she married Rt. Hon. Sir John McNeill on 26 August 1870.
After his second wife\'s death in 1828, Argyll married thirdly Anne, eldest daughter of John Cuninghame in 1831. She was the widow of George Cunningham Monteath.
Argyll died, aged 69, in Inveraray Castle in Argyllshire and was buried at Kilmun Parish Church. Having been predeceased by his older son John in 1837, he was succeeded in the dukedom and his other titles by his second son George. He was survived by his third wife until 1874
| 613 |
John Campbell, 7th Duke of Argyll
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# Line 2 (Madrid Metro)
**Line 2** of the Madrid Metro is a rapid transit line in Madrid. It runs through the city center between the Las Rosas and Cuatro Caminos stations, for a total of 20 stations (the Cuatro Caminos - La Elipa section with 60-metre platforms and the La Almudena - Las Rosas with 90-metre platforms), linked by 14.1 km of track in a narrow gauge tunnel, with a journey that lasts approximately 33 minutes. Despite being one of the oldest and shortest in the system, it has undergone various expansions throughout its existence. The first ended up as new lines (the Goya-Diego de León branch absorbed by line 4 and the Ventas-Ciudad Lineal extension absorbed by line 5) and the recent extensions to La Elipa and Las Rosas have taken the line to the eastern periphery of the city.
Most stations have side platforms, except Cuatro Caminos, which has a side platform and a central platform. The stations in the section between Quevedo and Santo Domingo, both included, are not adapted. The Banco de España, Retiro, Manuel Becerra and Ventas stations are also not accessible. Taking this into account, 60% of the stations on this line are accessible.
The rolling stock is made up of CAF 3000 series 4-car MRSM trains.
## History
It first opened on 11 June 1924 and originally ran between `{{MdM|Sol}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{MdM|Ventas}}`{=mediawiki} stations. Line 2 was extended from Sol to `{{MdM|Quevedo}}`{=mediawiki} on 27 December 1925, and then further to `{{MdM|Cuatro Caminos}}`{=mediawiki} on 1 September 1929.
In 1932, a branch from Goya to `{{MdM|Diego de León}}`{=mediawiki} was added, though this branch was transferred to Line 4 in 1958. In 1964 the line was extended from Ventas to `{{MdM|Ciudad Lineal}}`{=mediawiki}, though this too was transferred, to Line 5 in 1970. Later, `{{MdM|Canal}}`{=mediawiki} was added as an infill station between `{{MdM|Quevedo}}`{=mediawiki} and Cuatro Caminos to provide interchange with the extended Line 7 on 16 October 1998.
On 16 February 2007 the line was extended from Ventas to `{{MdM|La Elipa}}`{=mediawiki}, with the intention of providing an interchange with Line 11 in the future. Additionally, Line 2 was extended past La Elipa to `{{MdM|Las Rosas}}`{=mediawiki} on 16 March 2011.
From 2013-2016, the line was called *Línea 2 Vodafone* due to a sponsorship by Vodafone.
The `{{MdM|Sevilla}}`{=mediawiki} station was temporarily closed in 2019 due for improvements and maintenance.
## Rolling stock {#rolling_stock}
Line 2 has used four-car trains of CAF class 3400 since the summer 2007.
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# Line 2 (Madrid Metro)
## Stations
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| District | Station | Opened | Zone | Connections |
+=====================+===============================+========+======+=======================================================================================+
| Chamberí / Tetuán | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 1929 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{rint|madrid|6}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Chamberí | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 1998 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|7}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | 1925 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Chamberí / Centro | | 1925 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|4}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Centro | | 1925 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|3}}`{=mediawiki} `{{rint|madrid|10}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | 1925 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 1925 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|5}}`{=mediawiki} `{{rint|madrid|r}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 1919 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{rint|madrid|3}}`{=mediawiki}\ |
| | | | | Cercanías Madrid: `{{rint|madrid|c-3}}`{=mediawiki} `{{rint|madrid|c-4}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 1924 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | 1924 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Retiro / Salamanca | | 1924 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Salamanca | | 1924 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|9}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 1924 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|4}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | 1924 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|6}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | 1924 | A | Madrid Metro: `{{rint|madrid|5}}`{=mediawiki} |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Ciudad Lineal | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 2007 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 2011 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| San Blas-Canillejas | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 2011 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 2011 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki} | 2011 | A | |
+---------------------+-------------------------------+--------+------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
## Gallery
<File:Cuatro> Caminos line 2.JPG\|The terminal station at Cuatro Caminos <File:Line> 2 diagram in train.JPG\|An in-train line diagram <File:Sevilla> station
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# Giovanni Filippo Criscuolo
**Giovanni Filippo Criscuolo** (c. 1500--1584) was an Italian painter, active during the late-Renaissance period, mainly in Naples.
Born in Gaeta, He trained with Andrea da Salerno and with Perino del Vaga in Rome. His brother Giovanni Angelico and daughter Mariangiola were also painters. He apparently wrote a series of biographies of Neapolitan painters. In Naples, he painted a *Adoration of the Magi* in Santa Maria del Rosario. In Santa Maria delle Grazie, he painted a *Madonna and Child*. In San Lorenzo, he painted a *Christ bearing his Cross*. He also left paintings in Gaeta. One of his pupils was Francesco Curia. His brother, Gian Angelo, (Cosenza, 1500--1573) was also a painter
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# 1,1'-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene
**1,1`{{prime}}`{=mediawiki}-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene**, commonly abbreviated dppf, is an organophosphorus compound commonly used as a ligand in homogeneous catalysis. It contains a ferrocene moiety in its backbone, and is related to other bridged diphosphines such as 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe).
## Preparation
This compound is commercially available. It may be prepared by treating dilithioferrocene with chlorodiphenylphosphine:
: Fe(C`{{sub|5}}`{=mediawiki}H`{{sub|4}}`{=mediawiki}Li)`{{sub|2}}`{=mediawiki} + 2 ClPPh`{{sub|2}}`{=mediawiki} → Fe(C`{{sub|5}}`{=mediawiki}H`{{sub|4}}`{=mediawiki}PPh`{{sub|2}}`{=mediawiki})`{{sub|2}}`{=mediawiki} + 2 LiCl
The dilithiation of ferrocene is easily achieved with *n*-butyllithium in the presence of TMEDA. Many related ligands can be made in this way. The Fe center is typically not involved in the behavior of the ligand.
## Reactions
Dppf readily forms metal complexes. The palladium derivative, (dppf)PdCl`{{sub|2}}`{=mediawiki}, which is popular for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, is prepared by treating dppf with the acetonitrile or benzonitrile adducts of palladium dichloride: Substitution of the phenyl substituents in dppf leads to derivatives with modified donor-acceptor properties at the phosphorus atoms.
: dppf + PdCl`{{sub|2}}`{=mediawiki}(RCN)`{{sub|2}}`{=mediawiki} → (dppf)PdCl`{{sub|2}}`{=mediawiki} + 2 RCN (RCN = acetonitrile or benzonitrile)
`{{clear left}}`{=mediawiki}
Another example of dppf in homogeneous catalysis is provided by the air- and moisture-stable Ni(II) precatalyst \[(dppf)Ni(cinnamyl)Cl. It promotes Suzuki-Miyuara cross-coupling of heteroaryl boronic acids with nitrogen- and sulfur-containing heteroaryl halides. \]
Another dppf-based catalyst is (dppf)Ni(*o*-tolyl)Cl, can be prepared from ligand exchange with (PPh~3~)~2~Ni(*o*-tolyl)Cl. It promotes the amination of aryl chlorides, sulfamates, mesylates, and triflates
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# Video resume
**Video résumé** or **video resume** is a recording promoting a job seeker.
## History
Video resumes, sometimes called Visumé or Video CV, were first introduced in the 1980s for use and distribution via VHS tape, but the idea never took off beyond the video taping of interviews. However, with the modern capabilities of transmitting streaming video via the internet, video resumes have taken on new popularity. It is a way for job seekers to showcase their abilities beyond the capabilities of a traditional paper résumé. The video resume allows prospective employers to see and hear applicants, and get a feel for how applicants present themselves.
## Benefits
### Demonstrates Communication Skills {#demonstrates_communication_skills}
Video resumes allow job seekers to showcase their verbal communication skills, an aspect often overlooked in traditional resumes. This medium provides an opportunity to articulate thoughts clearly, display confidence, and convey information effectively.
### Personalises the Application {#personalises_the_application}
Unlike traditional resumes, which are limited to text and static formats, video resumes offer a dynamic platform for candidates to present themselves. This personal touch can provide employers with a more comprehensive and memorable impression of the applicant, potentially setting them apart from other candidates.
### Showcases Creativity and Presentation Skills {#showcases_creativity_and_presentation_skills}
Through video resumes, candidates have the chance to exhibit creativity in their approach to self-presentation. This creativity can be a valuable asset, especially in industries where innovative thinking or presentation skills are highly valued, such as marketing, design, or the arts.
### Highlights Non-Verbal Cues {#highlights_non_verbal_cues}
A video resume allows employers to observe non-verbal cues such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. These elements can provide additional insights into a candidate\'s demeanour, confidence level, and overall personality, which may not be readily apparent from a traditional resume.
### Saves Time for Both Parties {#saves_time_for_both_parties}
Video resumes can streamline the initial stages of the recruitment process. Employers can quickly assess a candidate\'s suitability for a position without the need for extensive reading, potentially saving valuable time in the early stages of candidate screening.
### Provides a Glimpse of Tech-Savviness {#provides_a_glimpse_of_tech_savviness}
The ability to create and submit a video resume demonstrates a certain level of technological proficiency. This skill set can be particularly relevant in industries where familiarity with multimedia tools or online communication platforms is essential.
### Enhances Cultural Fit Assessment {#enhances_cultural_fit_assessment}
Video resumes can offer insights into how well a candidate might fit within a company\'s culture. By observing a candidate\'s presentation style and demeanor, employers can gain a preliminary understanding of whether the applicant aligns with the company\'s values and work environment.
## Criticism
With the popularity of video hosting solutions there has been much debate in the usefulness of video resumes. Most recruiters feel that a video alone does not give an employer enough information about a candidate to make a proper evaluation of the applicant\'s potential and more importantly skills. One article suggests that
: \"While a video resume introduces applicants on camera, the value such visual imagery adds is debatable. A text resume allows for specific pieces of information to be parsed out and compared across candidates. When the information is delivered verbally, recruiters need to glean the details themselves.\"
Studies have found that there is a gender discrepancy in video resumes as it is often detrimental for women to exhibit \'masculine\' workplace characteristics such as assertiveness, confidence and self-promotion, whereas self-promotion was beneficial for male applicants. There is also an assumption that additional information on age, race, disability, gender and ethnicity provided by video resumes at an early stage in an application process could result in accusations of discrimination. As Hiemstra (2012) states \"There is empirical evidence that e-recruitment practices that are perceived as unfair and intrusive lead to negative applicant reactions, possible legal action, and a tendency to \'self-select out\'
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# Rudolf Steiner's exercises for spiritual development
Rudolf Steiner developed exercises aimed at cultivating new cognitive faculties he believed would be appropriate to contemporary individual and cultural development. According to Steiner\'s view of history, in earlier periods people were capable of direct spiritual perceptions, or clairvoyance, but not yet of rational thought; more recently, rationality has been developed at the cost of spiritual perception, leading to the alienation characteristic of modernity. Steiner proposed that humanity now has the task of synthesizing the rational and contemplative/spiritual components of cognition, whereby spiritual perception would be awakened through intensifying thinking. He considered this relevant not only to personal development, but as a foundation for advanced scientific research.
## Moral background of spiritual development {#moral_background_of_spiritual_development}
A central principle of Steiner\'s proposed path to spiritual development is that self-development - inner transformation - is a necessary part of the spiritual path: \"for every step in spiritual perception, three steps are to be taken in moral development.\" According to the spiritual philosophy Steiner founded, anthroposophy, moral development:`{{page needed|date=June 2019}}`{=mediawiki}
- reveals the extent to which a person has achieved control over his or her inner life;
- ensures that he or she lives in harmony with the surrounding natural and social world;
- correlates with his or her progress in spiritual development, the fruits of which are given in spiritual perception; and
- guarantees the capacity to distinguish between true perceptions and illusions, or to distinguish in any perception between the influence of subjective elements and objective realities.
## Meditative path {#meditative_path}
Steiner described three stages of meditative progress: imaginative cognition, inspiration and intuition.
- In imaginative cognition, the meditant aims to achieve thinking independent of sensory perception through concentration on either visual forms of symbolic significance never encountered in the sensory world (e.g. a black cross with a circle of seven red roses superimposed upon it), metamorphoses (e.g. the growth cycle of a plant from seed to mature flower), or mantric verses spoken aloud or silently (e.g. verses for each week of the year intended to connect the meditant with the rhythms of nature).
- In inspiration, the meditant seeks to eliminate all consciously chosen meditative content to open a receptive space in which objective spiritual content (impressions stemming from objective spiritual beings) may be encountered. The meditative activity established in inspirative cognition is set forth without concrete content.
- The stage of intuition is achieved through practicing exercises of will (e.g. reviewing the sequence of the day\'s events in reverse order). At this stage, the meditant seeks unity with the creative forces of the cosmos without any loss of his or her individualized consciousness.
This sequence of meditative stages has the ultimate goal of the meditant experiencing his or her own karma and previous incarnations, as well as the \"Akashic record\" of historical events.
## Preliminary requirements for embarking on a spiritual training {#preliminary_requirements_for_embarking_on_a_spiritual_training}
Steiner stresses that in order for a spiritual training to bear \"healthy fruits,\" a person would have to attend to the following:
- Striving to develop a healthy body and soul.
- Feeling connected with all of existence; to recognize oneself in everything, and everything in oneself; not to judge others without standing in their shoes.
- Recognizing that one\'s thoughts and feelings have as significant an influence as one\'s deeds, and that work on one\'s inner life is as important as work on one\'s outer life.
- Recognizing that the true essence of a human being does not lie in the person\'s outer appearance, but rather in the inner nature, in the soul and spiritual existence of this person.
- Finding the genuine balance between having an open heart for the demands of the outer world and maintaining inner strength and \"unshakeable endurance.\"
- The ability to be true to a decision once made, even in the face of daunting adversity, unless one comes to the conclusion that it was or is made in error.
- Developing thankfulness for everything that meets us, and that universal love which allows the world to reveal itself fully to oneself.
## Supplementary exercises {#supplementary_exercises}
Steiner suggested that certain exercises should accompany all meditational practices as a measure of protection against possible negative influences caused by the meditation in the life of the individual. These six exercises, meant to foster positive soul qualities, are:
- Practice self-control over one\'s thinking. For example: for a period of time -at least five minutes- contemplate any object and concentrate one\'s thoughts exclusively on this object. (A pencil or a paper clip might do.)
- Exercise willpower by choosing any free deed, i.e. one that nothing is influencing you to do, and choose a regular time of day or day of the week to practice this. (E.g. water plants at the same time each day.)
- Practice equanimity: foster calm emotional responses.
- Try to see positive aspects in everything and to make the best out of every situation.
- Practice being open to new experiences and ideas, never letting expectations based upon the past close your mind to the lessons of the moment.
- Find a harmonious, balanced relationship between the above five qualities, practicing each regularly and becoming able to move dynamically between them.
The initial three exercises are intended to enable a person to attain self-discipline in thinking, willing and feeling. The second group of three involve cultivating attitudes toward the world.
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# Rudolf Steiner's exercises for spiritual development
## Individual exercises {#individual_exercises}
Exercises developed in anthroposophy include:
- Review of the day. Each evening, going backwards through the day recalling its events, its sequential unfolding (experienced here reversed in time), the people one has met, etc.
- Experiencing the year\'s unfolding. Exercises Steiner suggested here include:
- Drawing the same plant or tree or landscape over the course of a year.
- Meditating the sequence of 52 mantric verses that Steiner wrote to deepen one\'s experience of the course of the seasons and the year and to bring the inner life of the soul into dialogue with nature, the Soul Calendar
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# Martin Snape
**Martin Snape** (31 December 1852 -- 24 November 1930) was an English painter of the Victorian and Edwardian era.
## Biography
Born in Gosport in 1852, Snape worked in a variety of media (oils, watercolours, engraving, etc.). He concentrated mainly on topographical subjects including landscapes from the Meon Valley, and shore and maritime scenes around Portsmouth Harbour and his home town of Gosport. He exhibited at the Royal Academy between 1874 and 1901.
Living in Spring Garden Lane, near Gosport railway station, Snape was associated with the Gosport area all his life. In 1922 he was commissioned to design the seal for the newly created Borough of Gosport (though the council logo is now a stylised modern version, the original design is still used by the Gosport Borough Football Club). In 1923 he was chosen to give the speech of welcome to the 91st Annual conference of the British Medical Association which was being held in Portsmouth.
He died in 1930 but his most famous painting, *Forton Creek*, one of a series, still hangs in Gosport Town Hall. Snape is buried in the churchyard at St Mary\'s, the parish church of Rowner. He had a great fondness for the village of Rowner, which was the subject of many of his paintings and was a personal friend of a former rector, the Revd Edward Prideaux-Brune. The new premises of the charity Gosport Voluntary Action has been named Martin Snape House in his memory
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# Konstantinos Kozanitas
**Konstantinos Kozanitas** (*Κωνσταντίνος Κοζανιτάς*, 1880--1954) was a Greek gymnast. He was a member of Gymnastiki Etaireia Patron, that merged in 1923 with Panachaikos Gymnastikos syllogos to become Panachaiki Gymnastiki Enosi.
He competed in the Rope climbing event in the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens. He finished third behind the Greek Georgios Aliprantis and the Hungarian Béla Erödy
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# Baldassare Croce
**Baldassare Croce** (Bologna, 1558--November 8, 1628) was an Italian painter, active during the late-Mannerist period, active mainly in and around Rome.
## Biography
He trained in Bologna, and moved to Rome by 1581. Known as a prolific academic painter in Rome; he was named director of the Academy of St. Luke. He painted for the Sala Clementina of the Vatican palace, for the Chapel of San Francesco at the Gesù, San Giovanni in Laterano, and San Giacomo degli Spagnoli. He painted six large frescoes along the nave of the church of Santa Susanna, depicting the life of the Susanna from the Old Testament. He worked under Cesare Nebbia and Giovanni Guerra in the decoration of the *Scala Santa* in San Giovanni in Laterano. In January 1628, he was named *Principe* (Prince) of the Accademia di San Luca in Rome
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# 1756 in Ireland
Events from the year **1756 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George II
## Events
- 30 May -- the Roman Catholic Diocese of Ardagh and Clonmacnoise is formed by merger of the Bishopric of Ardagh with that of Clonmacnoise. Augustine Cheevers serves as first bishop until August when he is succeeded by Anthony Blake.
- The title Earl of Lanesborough is created in the Peerage of Ireland in favour of Humphrey Butler, 2nd Viscount Lanesborough.
- The title Earl of Shannon is created in the Peerage of Ireland in favour of the politician Henry Boyle.
- Charles Bingham was appointed High Sheriff of Mayo
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- May -- the dramatic poem *Leucothoé* becomes Isaac Bickerstaffe\'s first published work.
## Births
- 29 January -- Richard Hely-Hutchinson, 1st Earl of Donoughmore, politician (died 1825)
- 30 June -- Charles FitzGerald, 1st Baron Lecale, politician (died 1810)
- July -- John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn, politician (died 1818)
- 25 July (probable date) -- Elizabeth Hamilton, Scottish essayist, poet, satirist and novelist (died 1816 in England)
## Deaths
- Approximate date -- Cathal Buí Mac Giolla Ghunna, poet (born c
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# Château de Mauvezin
The **Château de Mauvezin** (also known as **Château de Gaston Phoebus**) is a restored castle in the *commune* of Mauvezin in the Hautes-Pyrénées *département* of France.
## History
The site, occupied since protohistory, was transformed into a *castrum* in the Middle Ages and later into a castle.
In 1373, the King of France, Charles V, sent his brother, Louis I the Duke of Anjou, to besiege the castle and take it from the English. After six weeks, the English surrendered, the water having run out. The king gave the castle to the Count of Armagnac who saw it disputed by Gaston Fébus, the Prince of Foix and Béarn. The latter acquired it through his marriage to the Counts daughter, Béatrix. Gaston Fébus restored the castle (there is a museum dedicated to him on site) around 1380. With the accession of Henri IV and the merging of Bigorre into the Kingdom of France in 1607, it became crown property, fell into disuse and was dismantled piece by piece, its stones being used for local buildings. In 1862, M. Jubinal, *député* of Hautes-Pyrénées, bought the castle intending to create a historical museum there, but died before achieving his aim. In 1906, M. Ribal, mayor of Masseube, bought and restored it and created a Gascon museum.
It has been listed since 1941 as a *monument historique* by the French Ministry of Culture.
## Description
The inner courtyard within the rectangular *enceinte* is an example of medieval military architecture. Attached to the *enceinte*, the crenellated keep, with its round walk, today houses exhibitions. In the corners of the *enceinte*, projecting buttresses supported structures now disappeared. An arched construction in the middle of the courtyard could have been used as a cistern. The keep is constructed on a flat base of pebble concrete interspersed with lines of bricks, in a typical Gallo-Roman style. Above the main door are the arms of Gaston Fébus
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# White-legged damselfly
The **white-legged damselfly** or **blue featherleg** (***Platycnemis pennipes***) is a damselfly of slow-flowing, muddy waters. It occurs from the Atlantic to Siberia and is often abundant throughout its range.
## Morphology
*Platycnemis pennipes* is about 32 mm long. Mature adults differ from most other blue damselflies in having expanded white edges to the tibiae, paired black markings down most of the abdomen, broad pale brown double antehumeral stripes, wider head and a pale brown pterostigmata.
The male has a blue abdomen that is often pale and usually has a greenish thorax. The female is a very pale yellow-green colour with black markings.
<File:White-legged> damselfly (Platycnemis pennipes) immature male Estonia.jpg\|immature female\
Estonia <File:White-legged> damselfly (Platycnemis pennipes) immature female.jpg\|immature female\
Warsaw, Poland <File:Platycnemis> pennipes LC0359.jpg\|alt=Yellow damselfly\|immature female\
Chemnitz, Germany <File:Platycnemis> pennipes (male) (5).JPG\|detail of male head
## Breeding
This species favours unshaded slow-flowing sections of muddy rivers with abundant floating vegetation. it has been recorded in tidal rivers and the larvae seem well able to tolerate brackish water. It also occurs in muddy streams but is rare in lakes or ponds of any sort. In north-west Europe, it is mostly confined to flowing waters.
Mating is preceded by the male displaying his white legs in a fluttering display flight in front of females. Elongated eggs are laid whilst in tandem, into emergent stems and especially the underside of floating leaves. The larvae live amongst bottom debris and emerge after two years.
## Behaviour
After emerging, adults tend to congregate in the shelter of tall vegetation, although some immatures wander away from water and have been found five kilometres away from the nearest breeding site
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# Rotterdam Study
The **Rotterdam Study or ERGO** (Dutch: *Erasmus Rotterdam Gezondheid Onderzoek*) is a prospective, population-based cohort study. The aim of the Rotterdam Study is to investigate etiology, preclinical phase, prognosis and potential intervention targets of chronic diseases in mid- and late-life. The study focuses on several diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurological, ophthalmological, hepatic, endocrine, dermatological, otolaryngological, respiratory, locomotor and psychiatric diseases.
## History
Researchers of the department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics at the Erasmus Medical Center led by Professor Albert Hofman, conceptualized the study in the mid-1980s as response to increase in the proportion of elderly persons in the population who are also living with chronic diseases.
The study was established in 1990 in the Ommoord district of Rotterdam, The Netherlands. On March 26, 1991, Princess Juliana opened the ERGO research center at Briandplaats, Rotterdam.
## Cohorts
The Rotterdam Study consists of three cohorts.
The initial cohort (RS-I) started out in 1990 with 7,983 men and women aged 55 years and over. Follow-up visits were held in 1993--1995, in 1997--1999, 2002--2004, 2009--2011, and 2014-2015.
In 2000 a second cohort was established (RS-II). Another 3,011 inhabitants of Ommoord aged 55 years and over agreed to participate. The participants of this second cohort visited the research center for a follow-up examinations in 2004-2005, 2011--2012, and 2015-2016.
The third cohort of the Rotterdam Study (RS-III) started in 2006, this time with inhabitants aged 45 years and over. Inclusion ended in December 2008 and 3,932 participants have been included in this third cohort. The first follow-up examinations were held in 2012-2014.
## Research center {#research_center}
A typical examination at the Rotterdam Study includes an extensive standardized home interview and two visits to the research center for clinical examinations. Risk factors are measured at the research center, which is located in the middle of the district of Ommoord.
## Clinical follow-up {#clinical_follow_up}
Clinical outcomes are continuously monitored throughout the study period for all participants of the three cohorts. Data on morbidity and mortality are collected at general practitioners' practises and hospitals. Events are classified according to the ICD-10 system.
## Publications
The results of the Rotterdam Study have been published in more than 1700 research articles and reports. A list of [publications](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?dispmax=25&db=PubMed&pmfilter_EDatLimit=No+Limit&cmd_current=Limits&orig_db=PubMed&cmd=Search&term=%22Rotterdam%20Study%22+MM&doptcmdl=DocSum) from the Rotterdam Study
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# Dysfunktional Family
***Dysfunktional Family*** is an American documentary and stand-up comedy concert film written, produced and starring comedian Eddie Griffin, and directed by George Gallo. It was released to theaters by Miramax Films on April 4, 2003 and stayed in theaters until May 18, 2003. The film earned \$2,255,000 with its widest release being in 602 theaters. *Dysfunktional Family* is mainly a concert performance featuring Eddie Griffin filmed live at the Star Plaza Theatre in Merrillville, Indiana that also includes behind-the-scenes documentary footage filmed in Kansas City, Missouri detailing the stand-up comedian\'s personal life and family as he travels to a family reunion to reunite with the cast of characters who are the root of his comedy: his mother, an uncle who is an ex-pimp, and his Uncle Curtis, who pontificates on his career as a porno director.
## Soundtrack
A soundtrack containing hip hop music was released on March 11, 2003 by the reformed Death Row Records. It peaked at 95 on the *Billboard* 200 and 14 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.
On a separate note, in 2012, a number of lines and quotes from the film were sampled into the rap song \"Fair Fight\" performed by the group Strong Arm Steady, alongside a sampled quote from Chris Rock\'s *Never Scared* comedy show
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# Field Army Bernolák
The **Field Army Bernolák** (*Poľná armáda Bernolák*) was a field army of the Axis Slovak Republic during World War II, established for the Invasion of Poland. It was named after Anton Bernolák, the first codifier of the literary Slovak language.
## History
Formed on 29 August 1939, the field army covered the eastern flank of German 14th Army during the invasion of Poland in September 1939.
## Order of battle {#order_of_battle}
The army\'s order of battle for the invasion of Poland in 1939 was as follows:
- Army headquarters (General Ferdinand Čatloš)
- 1st Infantry Division \"Janošík\" (Gen. Antonin Pulanich)
- 2nd Infantry Division \"Škultéty\" (Col. Ivan Imro, later Gen. Alexandr Čunderlik)
- 3rd Infantry Division \"Razus\" (Gen. Augustín Malár)
- Fast Group \"Kalinčiak\" (Col
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# Pandora's Clock
***Pandora\'s Clock**\'\' (also known as***Doomsday Virus**\'\') is a 1996 NBC miniseries based on a novel by John J. Nance about a deadly virus on a Boeing 747-200 from Frankfurt to John F. Kennedy International Airport. Directed by Eric Laneuville, the film stars Richard Dean Anderson, Stephen Root, Jane Leeves, Robert Loggia and Daphne Zuniga and the script closely follows the book.
## Plot
The story begins in the mountains of Bavaria, Germany, where wildlife documentarian Ernest Helms (Michael Winters) is filming local wildlife. While filming, he discovers a man attempting to break into his rental car. After foiling the man\'s attempt, Helms prepares to drive away but is thwarted by the man smashing the driver\'s window. Helms, however, succeeds in escaping the crazed man, but receives a minor cut on his hand.
A few days later, in Frankfurt, Captain James Holland (Richard Dean Anderson), amidst preparations for his forthcoming transatlantic flight as Captain of Quantum Airlines Flight 66, is told by his doctor he does not have cancer. On board Flight 66, a Boeing 747-200, Helms (already displaying signs of illness) is assisted to his seat by flight attendant Brenda Hopkins (Kate Hodge). Shortly after takeoff, Helms rises from his seat and falls into cardiac arrest, and Brenda gives him CPR. Head flight attendant Barb Rollins (Jennifer Savidge) notifies Holland of the emergency, and the Captain and his check pilot, Daniel Robb (Richard Lawson) set a course for London\'s Heathrow Airport,. However they are turned away when British Air-Traffic Control informs them that one of the passengers (Helms) could be infected with a deadly strain of influenza.
Several harrowing events follow. The U.S. President (Edward Herrmann) unsuccessfully tries to sneak Flight 66 into RAF Mildenhall, disguised as a United States Air Force fighter plane and guided in by another, despite a recommendation otherwise by Ambassador Lee Lancaster (Robert Guillaume), but the British forces at the base jam the runway with emergency vehicles. Holland threatens to land anyway, only to pull up at the last minute, showing the U.S. Government how desperate the situation is. Soon thereafter, an investigation is set in motion by the Central Intelligence Agency. Flight 66 lands at the U.S. air base in Iceland, but one passenger is so distraught at being separated from her child and at being in quarantine that she runs down the airplane stairs and is shot and killed by U.S. troops in MOPP gear. Holland flies the aircraft toward Mauritania, but a female intelligence agent warns Holland that an assassin is trying to destroy the flight. Holland tricks the assassin (in a missile-armed Learjet 35) into crashing and lands on Ascension Island.
The book mentions that the virus becomes less lethal and enters the human population. The movie indicates that the flight attendant who gave Helms CPR died six months after the incident, presumably from the virus.
## Cast
- Richard Dean Anderson as Captain James Holland
- Robert Guillaume as Ambassador Lee Lancaster
- Edward Herrmann as President of the United States Ersin
- Kate Hodge as Brenda Hopkins
- Jane Leeves as Rachel Sherwood
- Richard Lawson as Captain Daniel Robb
- Robert Loggia as CIA Director Jonathan Roth
- Stephen Root as Mark Hastings
- Vladimir Kulich as Yuri, The Terrorist
- Daphne Zuniga as Dr. Roni Sanders
- John Considine as Dr. Turnheir
- Grant Goodeve as Don Moses
- Wolf Muser as Dr. Zeitner
- John J. Nance as Air Force Chief
- Penny Peyser as Lisa Erickson
## Reception
The first part received a 16.5 rating and 24% share of the audience, NBC\'s best November miniseries performance since *Billionaire Boys Club* in 1987
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# Succinct data structure
In computer science, a **succinct data structure** is a data structure which uses an amount of space that is \"close\" to the information-theoretic lower bound, but (unlike other compressed representations) still allows for efficient query operations. The concept was originally introduced by Jacobson to encode bit vectors, (unlabeled) trees, and planar graphs. Unlike general lossless data compression algorithms, succinct data structures retain the ability to use them in-place, without decompressing them first. A related notion is that of a compressed data structure, insofar as the size of the stored or encoded data similarly depends upon the specific content of the data itself.
Suppose that $Z$ is the information-theoretical optimal number of bits needed to store some data. A representation of this data is called:
- *implicit* if it takes $Z + O(1)$ bits of space,
- *succinct* if it takes $Z + o(Z)$ bits of space, and
- *compact* if it takes $O(Z)$ bits of space.
For example, a data structure that uses $2Z$ bits of storage is compact, $Z + \sqrt{Z}$ bits is succinct, $Z + \lg Z$ bits is also succinct, and $Z + 3$ bits is implicit.
Implicit structures are thus usually reduced to storing information using some permutation of the input data; the most well-known example of this is the heap.
## Succinct indexable dictionaries {#succinct_indexable_dictionaries}
Succinct indexable dictionaries, also called *rank/select* dictionaries, form the basis of a number of succinct representation techniques, including binary trees, $k$-ary trees and multisets, as well as suffix trees and arrays. The basic problem is to store a subset $S$ of a universe $U =
[0 \dots n) = \{0, 1, \dots, n - 1\}$, usually represented as a bit array $B[0 \dots n)$ where $B[i] = 1$ iff $i \in S.$ An indexable dictionary supports the usual methods on dictionaries (queries, and insertions/deletions in the dynamic case) as well as the following operations:
- $\mathbf{rank}_q(x) = |\{ k \in [0 \dots x] : B[k] = q \}|$
- $\mathbf{select}_q(x)= \min \{k \in [0 \dots n) : \mathbf{rank}_q(k) = x\}$
for $q \in \{0, 1\}$.
In other words, $\mathbf{rank}_q(x)$ returns the number of elements equal to $q$ up to position $x$ while $\mathbf{select}_q(x)$ returns the position of the $x$-th occurrence of $q$.
There is a simple representation which uses $n + o(n)$ bits of storage space (the original bit array and an $o(n)$ auxiliary structure) and supports **rank** and **select** in constant time. It uses an idea similar to that for range-minimum queries; there are a constant number of recursions before stopping at a subproblem of a limited size. The bit array $B$ is partitioned into *large blocks* of size $l = \lg^2 n$ bits and *small blocks* of size $s = \lg n / 2$ bits. For each large block, the rank of its first bit is stored in a separate table $R_l[0 \dots n/l)$; each such entry takes $\lg n$ bits for a total of $(n/l) \lg n = n / \lg n$ bits of storage. Within a large block, another directory $R_s[0 \dots l/s)$ stores the rank of each of the $l/s = 2 \lg n$ small blocks it contains. The difference here is that it only needs $\lg l = \lg \lg^2 n = 2 \lg \lg n$ bits for each entry, since only the differences from the rank of the first bit in the containing large block need to be stored. Thus, this table takes a total of $(n/s) \lg l = 4 n \lg \lg n / \lg n$ bits. A lookup table $R_p$ can then be used that stores the answer to every possible rank query on a bit string of length $s$ for $i \in [0, s)$; this requires $2^s s \lg s = O(\sqrt{n} \lg n \lg \lg n)$ bits of storage space. Thus, since each of these auxiliary tables take $o(n)$ space, this data structure supports rank queries in $O(1)$ time and $n + o(n)$ bits of space.
To answer a query for $\mathbf{rank}_1(x)$ in constant time, a constant time algorithm computes:
- $\mathbf{rank}_1(x) = R_l[\lfloor x / l \rfloor] + R_s[\lfloor x / s\rfloor] + R_p[x \lfloor x / s\rfloor, x \text{ mod } s]$
In practice, the lookup table $R_p$ can be replaced by bitwise operations and smaller tables that can be used to find the number of bits set in the small blocks. This is often beneficial, since succinct data structures find their uses in large data sets, in which case cache misses become much more frequent and the chances of the lookup table being evicted from closer CPU caches becomes higher. Select queries can be easily supported by doing a binary search on the same auxiliary structure used for **rank**; however, this takes $O(\lg n)$ time in the worst case. A more complicated structure using $3n/\lg \lg n + O(\sqrt{n} \lg n \lg \lg n) = o(n)$ bits of additional storage can be used to support **select** in constant time. In practice, many of these solutions have hidden constants in the $O(\cdot)$ notation which dominate before any asymptotic advantage becomes apparent; implementations using broadword operations and word-aligned blocks often perform better in practice.
### Entropy-compressed solutions {#entropy_compressed_solutions}
The $n + o(n)$ space approach can be improved by noting that there are $\textstyle \binom{n}{m}$ distinct $m$-subsets of $[n)$ (or binary strings of length $n$ with exactly $m$ 1's), and thus $\textstyle \mathcal{B}(m,n) = \lceil \lg \binom{n}{m} \rceil$ is an information theoretic lower bound on the number of bits needed to store $B$. There is a succinct (static) dictionary which attains this bound, namely using $\mathcal{B}(m,n) + o(\mathcal{B}(m,n))$ space. This structure can be extended to support **rank** and **select** queries and takes $\mathcal{B}(m,n) + O(m + n \lg \lg n / \lg n)$ space. Correct **rank** queries in this structure are however limited to elements contained in the set, analogous to how minimal perfect hashing functions work. This bound can be reduced to a space/time tradeoff by reducing the storage space of the dictionary to $\mathcal{B}(m,n) + O(n t^t / \lg^t n + n^{3/4})$ with queries taking $O(t)$ time.
It is also possible to construct a indexible dictionary supporting rank (but not select) that uses fewer than $\textstyle \mathcal{B}(m,n)$ bits. Such a dictionary is called a *monotone minimal perfect hash function*, and can be implemented using as few as $O(m \log \log \log n)$ bits.
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# Succinct data structure
## Succinct hash tables {#succinct_hash_tables}
A succinct hash table, also known as a *succinct unordered dictionary,* is a data structure that stores $m$ keys from a universe $\{0, 1, \dots, n - 1\}$ using space $(1 + o(1)) \mathcal{B}(m, n)$ bits, and while supporting membership queries in constant expected time. If a succinct hash table also supports insertions and deletions in constant expected time, then it is referred to as *dynamic*, and otherwise it is referred to as *static.*
The first dynamic succinct hash table was due to Raman and Rao in 2003. In the case where $n = \text{poly}(m)$, their solution uses space $\mathcal{B}(m, n) + O(m \log \log m)$ bits. Subsequently, it was shown that this space bound could be improved to $\mathcal{B}(m, n) + O(m \log \log \log \cdots \log m)$ bits for any constant number of logarithms and a little after that this bound was also optimal. The latter solution supports all operations in worst-case constant time with high probability.
The first static succinct hash table was due to Pagh in 1999. In the case where $n = \text{poly}(m)$, their solution uses space $\mathcal{B}(m, n) + O(m (\log \log m)^2 / \log m)$ bits, and supports *worst-case* constant-time queries. This bound was subsequently improved to $\mathcal{B}(m, n) + m / \text{poly} \log m$ bits, and then to $\mathcal{B}(m, n) + \text{poly} \log m$ bits. Whereas the first two solutions support worst-case constant-time queries, the final one supports constant expected-time queries. The final solution also requires access to a lookup table of size $n^\epsilon$, but this lookup table is independent of the set of elements being stored.
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# Succinct data structure
## Other examples {#other_examples}
A string with an arbitrary length (Pascal string) takes *Z* + log(*Z*) space, and is thus succinct. If there is a maximum length -- which is the case in practice, since 2^32^ = 4 GiB of data is a very long string, and 2^64^ = 16 EiB of data is larger than any string in practice -- then a string with a length is also implicit, taking *Z* + *k* space, where *k* is the number of data to represent the maximum length (e.g., 64 bits).
When a sequence of variable-length items (such as strings) needs to be encoded, there are various possibilities. A direct approach is to store a length and an item in each record -- these can then be placed one after another. This allows efficient next, but not finding the *k*th item. An alternative is to place the items in order with a delimiter (e.g., null-terminated string). This uses a delimiter instead of a length, and is substantially slower, since the entire sequence must be scanned for delimiters. Both of these are space-efficient. An alternative approach is out-of-band separation: the items can simply be placed one after another, with no delimiters. Item bounds can then be stored as a sequence of length, or better, offsets into this sequence. Alternatively, a separate binary string consisting of 1s in the positions where an item begins, and 0s everywhere else is encoded along with it. Given this string, the $select$ function can quickly determine where each item begins, given its index. This is *compact* but not *succinct,* as it takes 2*Z* space, which is O(*Z*).
Another example is the representation of a binary tree: an arbitrary binary tree on $n$ nodes can be represented in $2n + o(n)$ bits while supporting a variety of operations on any node, which includes finding its parent, its left and right child, and returning the size of its subtree, each in constant time. The number of different binary trees on $n$ nodes is ${\tbinom{2n}{n}}$$/(n+1)$. For large $n$, this is about $4^n$; thus we need at least about $\log_2(4^n)=2n$ bits to encode it. A succinct binary tree therefore would occupy only $2$ bits per node
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# 1709 in Ireland
Events from the year **1709 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: Anne
## Events
- August 30 -- the Parliament of Ireland passes an amending act which requires any adult male (including registered Roman Catholic priests) to take an oath of abjuration if required by a magistrate.
- September 4--8 -- nearly 800 poor Protestant refugee families of German Palatines arrive in Dublin to be settled in Ireland.
- c\. December -- start of Hougher disturbances against the extension of livestock rearing in Connacht including maiming of cattle.
## Births
- October 13 -- John Cole, 1st Baron Mountflorence, politician (d. 1767)
- Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, politician (d. 1788)
- Approximate date -- Laetitia Pilkington, born Laetitia van Lewen, poet and memoirist (d. 1750)
## Deaths
- August 31 (September 11 NS) -- Sir Thomas Prendergast, 1st Baronet, soldier, killed at the Battle of Malplaquet (b. c
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# 1760 in Ireland
Events from the year **1760 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George II (until 25 October), then George III
## Events
- 21--26 February -- Battle of Carrickfergus: A force of French troops under the command of privateer François Thurot captures and holds the town and castle of Carrickfergus before retiring; the force is defeated (and Thurot killed) in a naval action in the Irish Sea on 28 February.
- 25 October -- George III becomes King of Great Britain and Ireland upon the death of George II.
- A Patriot Party under the leadership of Henry Flood, appears in the Irish House of Representatives.
## Births
- 28 January -- Mathew Carey, publisher and economist in the United States (d. 1839).
- 14 June -- George Forbes, 6th Earl of Granard, general (d. 1837).
- 20 September -- John Keating, soldier and land developer (d. 1853).
- Jerome Alley, clergyman and writer (d. 1826).
- Thomas Barnes Gough, merchant and politician in Upper Canada (d. 1815).
- Francis Johnston, architect (d. 1829).
- James Cavanah Murphy, architect and antiquary (d. 1814).
- Edmond Stanley, lawyer and politician (d. 1843).
- Approximate date -- Oliver Bond, merchant and revolutionary (d. 1798).
## Deaths
- 26 March -- Margaret Woffington, actress (b. c1720).
- 23 September -- Sir Thomas Prendergast, 2nd Baronet, politician.
- 25 October -- George II, King of Great Britain and Ireland; Elector of Hanover; Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (born 1683)
Full date unknown
:\*Patrick Cotter O\'Brien, known as the *Bristol Giant* and the *Irish Giant* (died 1806)
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# 1742 in Ireland
Events from the year **1742 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George II
## Events
- c\. March -- Newry Canal opened. On 28 March the *Cope* brings the first load of Tyrone coal carried from Lough Neagh to Dublin by this route.
- 13 April -- first performance of Handel\'s *Messiah* staged at Neal\'s Music Hall in Fishamble Street, Dublin in aid of local charities. Matthew Dubourg leads the orchestra. Handel leaves Ireland on 13 August.
## Births
- John Prendergast Smyth, 1st Viscount Gort, politician (died 1817).
## Deaths
- September 27 -- Hugh Boulter, Anglican Primate of All Ireland (born 1672)
Full date unknown
:\*James Arbuckle, poet and critic (born 1700)
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# Atari 8-bit computer peripherals
**Atari 8-bit computer peripherals** include floppy drives, printers, modems, and video game controllers for Atari 8-bit computers, which includes the 400/800, XL, XE, and XEGS.
Because the Atari 400/800 8-bit computers were bundled with an RF modulator, stringent FCC regulations limiting radio emissions applied. Consequently, the Atari 400/800 systems internal construction use large metal frames as Faraday cages to prevent emissions. This prevents the use of internal cards to add connections for peripherals.
To permit easy expansion, Atari developed the SIO (Serial Input/Output) bus. This bus daisy chains together all Atari peripherals into a single string. The Atari computer family was designed to be easy for novice users to expand, with one universal connector plug. Peripherals have their own IDs and can deliver downloadable drivers to the computer during the boot process. However, the additional electronics in these \"intelligent\" peripherals made them cost more than the \"dumb\" devices for other systems.
## List of peripherals {#list_of_peripherals}
The names and the styling of Atari\'s 8-bit peripherals generally match the contemporary computer family. Thus, they can be divided into one of three groups: the 400/800 era (4xx/8xx), the XL era (10xx), and the XE era (beginning with \'X\'). The XL-era naming reflects Atari\'s original intention to launch an \"Atari 1000\" line. These are superficial issues and the majority of peripherals are compatible with any 8-bit Atari computer.
Atari failed to release a large selection of machines and peripherals that were otherwise completed.
### 400/800 era (1979-1982) {#era_1979_1982}
- 410 Program Recorder - a tape drive, 600 bit/s on compact cassettes
- There are several variants of the 410. Early models were sizeable due largely to a much bigger speaker area at the back, and had square cornered buttons. Later versions were smaller and had buttons that were rounded off on the front.
- The 410 used stereo with the data recorded on one track and the other track holding audio that could be fed through the 400 or 800\'s sound output (as demonstrated by the language courses). The tape could also be programmatically stopped and started, provided the \'Play\' button was engaged.
- 810 Disk Drive - a 5¼\" floppy disk drive, single-density single-sided, 90 KB
- Pre-1982 drives \"have notoriously poor speed regulation\", *ANALOG Computing* reported in 1983; unlike other companies, \"ATARI did not begin incorporating a reliable separator into the 810 until early 1982\".
- 820 40-Column Printer - dot matrix on adding machine paper
- 822 Thermal Printer - 40-column thermal on slightly wider paper
- 825 80-Column Printer - dot matrix, used the Centronics interface so required an 850 (repackaged Centronics 737)
- 830 Acoustic Modem - a 300-baud modem, using an acoustic coupler, used RS-232 so required an 850 (relabelled Novation CAT)
- 835 Direct Connect Modem - a 300-baud modem, direct connect, basic Hayes compatible with SIO interface
- 850 Interface Module - included four RS-232 ports and one Centronics parallel port
- CX30 Paddle Controllers - a set of 2 potentiometers attached to a single Atari joystick port. Originally released with the Atari VCS console.
- CX40 joystick - 8-directional 1-button joystick, originally released with the Atari VCS console. Bundled with some Atari 400/800 packages and also sold separately. Originally all-black, a version with a matching gray base was later bundled with the Atari XEGS.
- CX70 Light Pen - a light pen. Bundled with demonstration software on cassette
- CX85 Numerical Keypad - external keypad that plugs into the joystick ports.
#### Prototypes and vaporware {#prototypes_and_vaporware}
- 815 Dual Disk Drive - dual 5¼\" floppy disks, double-density single-sided, 180 KB (only small number of prototypes produced)
### XL era (1982-1984) {#xl_era_1982_1984}
- 1010 Program Recorder - a tape drive, a smaller replacement for the 410
- 1020 Color Printer - a 40-column plotter with 4 pens
- 1025 Printer - 80-column dot matrix (`{{tooltip|2=original equipment manufacturer|OEM}}`{=mediawiki} Okidata ML-80)
- 1027 Letter Quality Printer - 80-column letter quality that printed with a 5-wheels-on-a-drum system kept inked by a top-mounted roller (`{{tooltip|2=original equipment manufacturer|OEM}}`{=mediawiki} Mannesmann Tally Riteman LQ)
- 1029 Programmable Printer - 80-column lower-quality 7-pin dot matrix sold in Europe (Seikosha mechanism)
- 1030 Modem - 300 baud, direct connect with built in communications software.
- 1050 Dual-Density Disk Drive - 5¼\" floppy disk, \"enhanced density\" format single-sided, 130 KB
- 1064 Memory Module - 64 KB memory expansion for 600XL
- CX75 Light Pen - a light pen. Bundled with the AtariGraphics drawing program on cartridge.
- CX77 Touch Tablet - a graphics tablet. Bundled with the AtariArtist drawing program on cartridge.
- CX80 Trak-Ball Controller - a trackball, also contains a switch for joystick emulation
#### Prototypes and vaporware {#prototypes_and_vaporware_1}
- 1053 - a 5¼\" floppy drive, looks like a 1050 but double-sided double-density, 360 KB
- 1055 - a 3½\" floppy drive, single-side enhanced-density
- 1090 XL Expansion System - a case connected to the PBI port, with 5 slots intended for various expansion cards
### XE era (1985 onward) {#xe_era_1985_onward}
- XEP80 Interface Module - provides 80-column display and a Centronics parallel interface for a printer, controlled by NS405, an 8048 based chip. Attached via a joystick port controlled at 15625 baud horizontal video timing.
- XC11 Program Recorder - a tape drive
- XC12 Program Recorder - a tape drive (small model like the 1010, sold worldwide). It was based on an earlier tape drive, Phonemark PM-4401A, not manufactured by Atari
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# Routing protocol
A **routing protocol** specifies how routers communicate with each other to distribute information that enables them to select paths between nodes on a computer network. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet; data packets are forwarded through the networks of the internet from router to router until they reach their destination computer. Routing algorithms determine the specific choice of route. Each router has a prior knowledge only of networks attached to it directly. A routing protocol shares this information first among immediate neighbors, and then throughout the network. This way, routers gain knowledge of the topology of the network. The ability of routing protocols to dynamically adjust to changing conditions such as disabled connections and components and route data around obstructions is what gives the Internet its fault tolerance and high availability.
The specific characteristics of routing protocols include the manner in which they avoid routing loops, the manner in which they select preferred routes, using information about hop costs, the time they require to reach routing convergence, their scalability, and other factors such as relay multiplexing and cloud access framework parameters. Certain additional characteristics such as multilayer interfacing may also be employed as a means of distributing uncompromised networking gateways to authorized ports. This has the added benefit of preventing issues with routing protocol loops.
Many routing protocols are defined in technical standards documents called RFCs.
## Types
Although there are many types of routing protocols, three major classes are in widespread use on IP networks:
- Interior gateway protocols type 1, link-state routing protocols, such as OSPF and IS-IS
- Interior gateway protocols type 2, distance-vector routing protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol, RIPv2, IGRP.
- Exterior gateway protocols are routing protocols used on the Internet for exchanging routing information between Autonomous Systems, such as Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), a path-vector routing protocol. Exterior gateway protocols should not be confused with Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), an obsolete routing protocol.
## OSI layer designation {#osi_layer_designation}
Routing protocols, according to the OSI routing framework, are layer management protocols for the network layer, regardless of their transport mechanism:
- IS-IS runs on the data link layer (Layer 2)
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is encapsulated in IP, but runs only on the IPv4 subnet, while the IPv6 version runs on the link using only link-local addressing.
- IGRP, and EIGRP are directly encapsulated in IP. EIGRP uses its own reliable transmission mechanism, while IGRP assumed an unreliable transport.
- Routing Information Protocol (RIP) runs over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Version 1 operates in broadcast mode, while version 2 uses multicast addressing.
- BGP runs over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
## Interior gateway protocols {#interior_gateway_protocols}
Interior gateway protocols (IGPs) exchange routing information within a single routing domain. Examples of IGPs include:
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
- Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
- Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
## Exterior gateway protocols {#exterior_gateway_protocols}
Exterior gateway protocols exchange routing information between autonomous systems. Examples include:
- Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
## Routing software {#routing_software}
Many software implementations exist for most of the common routing protocols. Examples of open-source applications are Bird Internet routing daemon, Quagga, GNU Zebra, OpenBGPD, OpenOSPFD, and XORP.
## Routed protocols {#routed_protocols}
Some network certification courses distinguish between routing protocols and *routed* protocols. A **routed protocol** is used to deliver application traffic. It provides appropriate addressing information in its internet layer or network layer to allow a packet to be forwarded from one network to another. Examples of routed protocols are the Internet Protocol (IP) and Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)
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# 1817 in Ireland
Events from the year **1817 in Ireland**.
## Events
- 26 May -- completion of Royal Canal throughout from Dublin to the River Shannon at Tarmonbarry.
- 31 May -- first stone of new pier at the port of Dunleary is laid.
- 16 June -- Poor Law Employment Act empowers the Lord Lieutenant to appoint commissioners of public works to supervise construction of public works to relieve unemployment financed by mortgages of rates.
- 17 June -- first stone of Wellington Testimonial, Dublin, is laid in Phoenix Park.
- 11 July -- an act to provide for the establishment of asylums for the lunatic poor in Ireland.
- c\. July -- tradesman Jeffery Sedwards establishes the Skibbereen Abstinence Society, considered the first organisation devoted to teetotalism in Europe.
- 7 August -- first stone of Wellington Column is laid in Trim, County Meath.
- 30 September -- national fever committee appointed to distribute government relief to victims of the typhus epidemic (October 1816--December 1819).
- Edward O\'Reilly\'s *Irish-English Dictionary* is published.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- 19 April -- Charles Wolfe\'s poem *The Burial of Sir John Moore at Corunna* is first published in the *Newry Telegraph*.
- 27 May -- Thomas Moore\'s poem *Lalla-Rookh: an Oriental romance* is first published in London.
- June -- Maria Edgeworth\'s novel *Ormond: a tale* is first published in London together with *Harrington*.
## Births
- 6 January -- J. J. McCarthy, architect (died 1882).
- 10 March -- Patrick Neeson Lynch, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston (South Carolina) (died 1882 in the United States).
- 26 May -- Denis Florence MacCarthy, poet, translator and biographer (died 1882).
- 3 June -- Robert Warren, lawyer and politician (died 1897).
- 12 July -- William Henry Gregory, politician and writer (died 1892).
- 26 August -- John Willoughby Crawford, politician and third Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (died 1875 in Canada).
- 19 September -- Charles Joseph Alleyn, lawyer and political figure in Quebec (died 1890 in Canada).
- 11 October -- Walter Shanly, civil engineer, author, businessman and politician in Canada (died 1899 in Canada).
- 12 November -- John T. Mills, lawyer and Supreme Court Justice for the Republic of Texas (died 1871 in the United States).
- 22 November -- Sir William Ewart, 1st Baronet, manufacturer and politician (died 1889).
- 7 December -- William Keogh, lawyer and politician (died 1878).
- 12 December -- Patrick Talbot, British Army officer (died 1898)
Full date unknown
:\*James Anthony Lawson, lawyer (died 1887).
:\*Frederick McCoy, palaeontologist and museum administrator in Australia (died 1899 in Australia).
:\*Arthur McQuade, farmer and politician in Ontario (died 1884 in Canada).
## Deaths
- 23 May -- John Prendergast Smyth, 1st Viscount Gort, politician (born 1742).
- 13 June -- Richard Lovell Edgeworth, politician, writer and inventor (born 1744).
- 5 September -- Charles Osborne, lawyer and politician (born 1759).
- 14 October -- John Philpot Curran, orator and wit, lawyer and MP (born 1750).
- 13 November -- John Keogh, merchant and political activist (born 1740)
| 517 |
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# Djamel Zitouni
**Abu Abdul-Rahman Amine**, born **Djamel bin Mohamed Zitouni** (January 5, 1964 in Les Eucalyptus, Algiers Province -- July 16, 1996), was the leader of the Algerian Armed Islamic Group (1994--1996), a terrorist group responsible for carrying out a series of bombings in France in 1995. He was killed by a rival faction on July 16, 1996.
## Armed Islamic Group of Algeria {#armed_islamic_group_of_algeria}
Cherif Gousmi was succeeded by Djamel Zitouni who became Armed Islamic Group head on October 27, 1994. Zitouni, 30-year-old son of a poultry merchant had very limited religious education but was adept at killing French citizens. Zitouni extended the GIA\'s attacks on civilians to French soil, beginning with the hijacking of Air France Flight 8969 at the end of December 1994 and continuing with several bombings and attempted bombings throughout 1995. In Algeria itself, he continued likewise, with car bombs, assassinations of musicians, sportsmen, and unveiled women as well as the usual victims. In February 1995 it issued a communique ordering that \"for every pure Muslim woman arrested by the government, an apostate\'s wife would be executed.\" Non GIA Islamists such as Muslim Brotherhood members and Djazarist were condemned as Godless and ordered to repent \"according to a precise procedure\". Even at this stage, the seemingly counterproductive nature of many of its attacks led to speculation (encouraged by FIS members abroad) that the group had been infiltrated by Algerian secret services.
The region south of Algiers, in particular, came to be virtually dominated by the GIA; they called it the \"liberated zone\". Later it would be known as the \"triangle of death\". During this period, judging from its London-based magazine *Al-Ansar*, it worked out ever broader ideological justifications for killing civilians, with the help of fatwas from such figures as Abu Qatada. {{#tag:ref\|Abu Qatada\'s writings and speeches have been critically assessed by a contemporary Salafi Muslim scholar, Shaykh \'Abdul-Malik ar-Ramadani al-Jaza\'iri, in the book *Takhlis al-\'Ibad min Wahshiyyat Ab\'il-Qataad aladhi yu\'du ila Qatli\'n-Nisa wa Awlad* (Jeddah: Maktabah Asalah al-Athariyyah, 2001 CE/1422 AH)\|group=Note}}
Reports of battles between the AIS and GIA increased (resulting in an estimated 60 deaths in March 1995 alone), and the GIA reiterated its death threats against FIS and AIS leaders, claiming to be the \"sole prosecutor of jihad\" and angered by their attempts to negotiate a settlement with the government. On 11 July, they assassinated a co-founder of FIS, Abdelbaki Sahraoui, in Paris (although some question the authenticity of their statement claiming credit for this.)
During the 1995 election, the GIA threatened to kill anyone who voted (using the slogan \"one vote, one bullet\"), but turnout was high among the pious middle class. Soon afterwards, the GIA was shaken by internal dissension: shortly after the election, its leadership killed Islamist leaders who had joined the GIA. In December, the GIA killed the number three figure in the MEI who had returned to the AIS, Azzedine Baa. In January Abderrezak Redjam announced he wanted to rejoin the AIS and was killed. The death of Mohammad Said followed in November 1995. The two men\'s deaths were not announced in Al-Ansar journal until mid-December 1995 when the GIA blamed the killings on the security forces, but a few issues later on January 4 and 11 announced that it had in fact killed the two for being \"members of the heretic djazarist sect\" and for plotting a coup d\'état. Other Islamists suggested that they had objected to the GIA\'s indiscriminate violence.
Considerable uproar and accusations of manipulation of GIA by security service followed. Militants began \"to desert in droves\": Mustapha Kartali, Ali Benhadjar, and Hassan Hattab\'s factions all refused to recognize Zitouni\'s leadership starting around late 1995, although they would not formally break away until somewhat later. On May 31, 1996 Al-Ansar suspended publication demanding an explanation from the GIA, and a week later it and two other Islamists groups (including the al-Gama\'a al-Islamiyya in Egypt) announced their withdrawal of support for Zitouni. In the summer of 1996 the GIA finally released a video of two friends of the victims \"\`confessing\` to the plot and humbly requesting summary execution for themselves.\"
In addition the GIA pledged to fight the AIS as an enemy; particularly in the west, full-scale battles between them became common. In July 1996, Zitouni was killed probably by Islamist seeking vengeance for his killing of Mohammed Said and Abderrazaq Redjem, or by one of the breakaway factions -- Ali Benhadjar\'s Medea brigade, later to become the AIS-aligned Islamic League for Da\'wa and Jihad -- and was succeeded by Antar Zouabri. Djamel Zitouni had earned notoriety for such acts as the killing of the seven Monks of Tibhirine in March, but his successor would prove to be far bloodier.
### GIA in France {#gia_in_france}
The Algerian state pursued a number of strategies against the GIA. One was to encourage France to take an active part in the fight against the networks of the GIA in France, and thus to cut off its principal means of support abroad. To prevent this from happening, brought a campaign of bombings, hijackings, etc. to France, in hopes the French government would conclude that \"the price of terrorism within France was too high\" and would withdraw its support from the Algerian regime and \"hasten its collapse.\"
The GIA\'s first act was to hijack an Air France Flight 8969, which was due to fly from Algiers to Paris in December 1994. During their hijack the GIA announced \"We are the Soldiers of Mercy\". Intelligence provided by \"Omar Nasiri\" (a disgruntled GIA member turned mole) and a police raid of a safe house discovered their plan was to crash it on Paris, a plan prevented when the GIGN stormed the plane at Marseille.
The GIA conducted a series of bombings in France from 1995 to 1996. Analysis of a bomb with a failed trigger mechanism made it possible to identify a conspirator, Khaled Kelkal, who was shot and killed by French gendarmes on 29 September 1995. In late 1999, several GIA members were convicted by a French court for the 1995 bombing campaign.
After the death of Zitouni in 1998, prior to the World Cup, France in collaboration with other European countries launched a vast preventive operation against the GIA. About 100 alleged members of the group were arrested throughout Europe. In Belgium, security forces seized weapons, detonators and forged identity papers. On 11 June 1999, the GIA announced a jihad on French territory in a threatening letter addressed to the media
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# Pavlo Zhytetsky
**Pavlo Hnatovych Zhytetskyi** (*Павло Гнатович Житецький*; January 4, 1837 in Kremenchuk - March 18, 1911 in Kyiv) was a Ukrainian linguist, philologist, ethnographer and literary historian, Doctor of Russian Literature (1908). For a long time worked as a teacher of Russian language in Kamianets-Podilskyi and Kyiv.
He was a member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (starting in 1873), the Historical Society of Nestor the Chronicler (starting in 1879), the Shevchenko Scientific Society (starting in 1903), and the Ukrainian Scientific Society in Kyiv (starting in 1907), a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (since 1898), he became the first honorary member of that society in 1908.
Pavlo Zhytetskyi is regarded as one of the first historians of the literary Ukrainian language
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# Lethon Flowers
**Lethon \'Lee\' Flowers** (born January 14, 1973) is an American former professional football safety who played for the Pittsburgh Steelers most of his eight years in the National Football League (NFL) from 1995 to 2002. He was selected in the fifth round of the 1995 NFL draft. He played college football for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Flowers was born in 1973. At age 14, he spent three months in intensive care after a ruptured appendix, and came close to dying.
He played for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jacket for the 1991 season. He played cornerback in college at Georgia Tech.
### Steelers
In 1995, he was a fifth-round pick for the NFL draft, joining the Pittsburgh Steelers. In October 1996, he was one of 35 NFL players handed fines from a game involving the Steelers and Houston Oilers, after a series of fights broke out on the field.
In 1996, for the Steelers, he had 30 special teams tackles that season. In 1997, he was special teams captain for the Steelers, although he missed six weeks due to a sprained knee. He signed to a one-year contract in June 1998 with the Steelers. He played as a starter for the Steelers in 1998, and \"finished as the Steelers\' second-leading tackler with 117 total stops, including 94 solo tackles.\" The Pittsburgh Steelers re-signed Flowers to a multi-year contract in February 1999. The deal for four years was reportedly worth \$10 million.
During his eight year NFL career with the Steelers, he spent his first three years largely playing on special teams, moving into the starting lineup in 1998. In the 2002 season with the Steelers, he played 16 games and registered 58 tackles. He was not resigned.
### Broncos
Flowers was signed by the Denver Broncos in June 2003.
In June 2003, it was announced he\'d been suspended without pay for the first four games of the regular season, for violating the NFL\'s steroid policy. He had a one year deal with the club, and could still participate in training camp and preseason games. The Broncos issued a statement that they knew Flowers would be suspended before they signed him. Flowers said he tested positive for the over-the-counter stimulant ephedra, stemming from a vitamin he\'d taken in December without knowing its content. Ephedra had been banned by the NFL since 2001, after the death of Korey Stringer. Flowers said he appealed the suspension in June, but lost a hearing.
The 2003 season with the Broncos was his last in the NFL
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# CMUcam
A **CMUcam** is a low cost computer vision device intended for robotics research. CMUcams consist of a small video camera and a microcontroller with a serial interface. While other digital cameras typically use a much higher bandwidth connector, the CMUcam\'s lightweight interface allows it to be accessed by microcontrollers. More importantly, the on-board microprocessor supports simple image processing and color blob tracking, making rudimentary computer vision capable in systems that would previously have far too little power to do such a thing. It has been used in past years by the high-school FIRST Robotics Competition as a way of letting participants\' robots track field elements and navigate autonomously. The CMUcam also has an extremely small form factor. For these reasons, it is relatively popular for making small, mobile robots.
The original design was originally made by Carnegie Mellon University, who has licensed it to various manufacturers.
## Current Version {#current_version}
[Pixy2](https://pixycam.com) is the latest in the line of CMUcam sensors. It adds line tracking capability and an onboard light source to the previous CMUcam5, aka original Pixy. These sensors are produced in collaboration with [Charmed Labs](https://www.charmedlabs.com/default/about/) in Austin, TX
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# Edwin Asa Dix
**Edwin Augustus Dix** (June 25, 1860 -- August 24, 1911), known by his pen name **Edwin Asa Dix**, was an American writer.
## Biography
Dix was born on June 25, 1860, in Newark, New Jersey, to John Edwin and Mary Joy Dix. He attended the Newark Latin School, then Princeton University from which he graduated in 1881 as Latin Salutatorian, and first in his class with highest grade point average awarded to that date (98.5%). While at Princeton he was managing editor of *The Lit* and was awarded the Boudinot Historical Fellowship and other prizes. In 1884, he graduated from Columbia Law School with highest honors, and subsequently admitted to the bar in New York and New Jersey.
Dix toured the world from 1890 to 1892. On August 15, 1895, he married Marion Alden Olcott at Cherry Valley, New York. They had no children, and spent much of their married life abroad, wintering in Egypt, Switzerland, and Colorado. He died suddenly in New York City of myocarditis.
Dix was an active author of fiction and travel articles in various magazines, as well as travel books, novels, and a history of Samuel de Champlain. He also served as Literary Editor of *The Churchman*. In addition, he composed \"Musical Critic\'s Dream\" which was played extensively by John Philip Sousa\'s band.
## Selected works {#selected_works}
-
- *A midsummer drive through the Pyrenees*, New York London, G.P.Putnam\'s sons 1890.
- *Deacon Bradbury: a novel*, New York, The Century Co., 1900.
- *Old Bowen's legacy: a novel*, New York, The Century Co., 1901.
- *Champlain, the founder of New France*, New York, D. Appleton and company, 1903.
- *Prophet\'s Landing: a novel*, New York, C. Scribner\'s Sons, 1907.
- *After twenty years*, Princeton University Class of 1881. New York, 1901.
- *After twenty-five years*, Princeton University Class of 1881. New York, 1906.
- *Bulletin of class news*, Princeton University Class of 1881. New York, 1908
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# Bible Believers
**Bible Believers** is the antisemitic website of the Bible Believers\' Church of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Not to be confused with \"Whole Bible Believers\" which is based in the US.
Because the website reprints antisemitic material such as *The Protocols of the Elders of Zion* and Henry Ford\'s *The International Jew*, and Holocaust denial material from authors such as Bradley Smith and Mark Weber, a complaint was lodged under Australia\'s Racial Discrimination Act. In 2007, Justice Richard Conti of the Federal Court of Australia ordered Anthony Grigor-Scott to remove from the website antisemitic claims that Jews deliberately exaggerated the number of Jews killed during World War II. However, the order was overturned on appeal due to a legal technicality: \"Bible Believers Church\" could not be sued, since it lacked legal personality, and the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 (Cth) (HREOC Act) would not permit (in the same proceeding) its substitution with another defendant who could be.
Bible Believers were described as \"\[o\]ne of the most visible of the plethora of eccentric pseudo-Christian groups in Australia\" and \"extremist\" by the Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council (AIJAC) in their 2008 report on antisemitism in Australia.
The church is run by Anthony Grigor-Scott
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# Karitinden
**Karitinden** is a mountain in the Tafjordfjella mountain range inside Reinheimen National Park on the border of Innlandet and Møre og Romsdal counties in Norway. The top of the mountain is a tripoint border junction for Skjåk Municipality (in Innlandet county), and Fjord Municipality and Rauma Municipality (in Møre og Romsdal county).
The nearest village is Tafjord which lies 17 km to the northwest. The lake Tordsvatnet lies 4 km southeast of the mountain and the mountain Puttegga lies 4 km to the northwest. Other mountains that surround the mountain include Benkehøa to the southeast, Veltdalseggi to the south, and Tordsnose to the southwest.
## Name
The first element is the female name *Kari* and the last element is the definite form of `{{wikt-lang|no|tind}}`{=mediawiki} which means \"mountain peak\". The reason for the name, and who the person Kari was, is unknown
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# Gail Renshaw
**Gail Renshaw** (born c. 1947) is an American beauty pageant titleholder.
She was a teen model and by 22 was competing in national pageants. Her first marriage ended in divorce.
She won Miss World USA 1969. Renshaw was 1st runner-up at the 1969 Miss World competition. After the pageant, she resigned her title in order to get married, and was replaced by the runner-up in the USA contest, Connie Haggard from Texas. Gail graduated from Washington-Lee High School in Arlington, Virginia in 1965.
She was briefly engaged to Dean Martin. Later her name was Gail Renshaw Blackwell. She studied and became a registered nurse, specializing in dialysis
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# Robert Rehme
**Robert Rehme** (born May 5, 1935) is an American film producer whose credits include the films *Patriot Games*, *Clear and Present Danger* and *The General\'s Daughter*.
## Career
In 1961, he was manager of RKO Theatres in Cincinnati and in 1969 he joined United Artists\'s advertising department. In 1976, he formed his own exhibition and distribution firm but later joined New World Pictures as vice president and general sales manager in February 1978.
### Head of Avco Embassy {#head_of_avco_embassy}
He joined Avco Embassy Pictures in December 1978 as vice-president and chief operating officer. In November 1979, he was elected president and chief executive officer.
When Rehme started at Avco, he asked for \$5 million to make movies. He used it to make eight. \"The important thing was not to put Avco at risk for any major amount of money,\" he said. \"We\'d finance a movie and find a financial group to buy us out, so we could use the money over again.\"
Under Rehme\'s stewardship, the company went from earning \$20 million in 1978 to \$90 million in 1981. Among its successful films were two from John Carpenter, *The Fog* and *Escape from New York*. He also backed *The Howling* and had a big success with *Time Bandits* which Avco picked up from Britain. Other hits included *Phantasm*, *The Onion Field* and *Watership Down*. Flops included *Winter Kills*, *Death Ship* and *Hog Wild*.
In December 1981, Avco was bought by Norman Lear and Jerry Perenchio.
### Universal
In June 1981, Rehme joined Universal Pictures, becoming president of the Theatrical Motion Picture Group in December 1982. He quit in December 1983.
### New World {#new_world}
In 1983, he became co-chairman and chief executive officer of New World Entertainment, Inc until 1989.
## Producer
In 1989, Rehme and producer Mace Neufeld co-founded the motion picture production company Neufeld/Rehme Productions. It was during this time that he created the pictures for which he is most known, such as *Patriot Games* and *Flight of the Intruder*.
Rehme served as a governor of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for eight years before becoming president in 1992, succeeding Karl Malden. Prior to that, he had been President of the Academy Foundation. He could only serve as Academy President for one year, as Academy rules stipulated that he could only sit on the board for nine consecutive terms. He rejoined the board and became president for a second time from 1997 to 2001.
## Select credits {#select_credits}
He was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted
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# Otar Koberidze
**Otar Leontyevich Koberidze** (`{{lang-ka|ოთარ კობერიძე}}`{=mediawiki}; 17 December 1924 -- 9 March 2015) was a Georgian actor, film director and screenwriter.
## Biography
Koberidze was born in Tiflis, Georgian SSR (now Tbilisi, Georgia), where he graduated from the Rustaveli State Theatre Institute in 1948. He graced the stages of esteemed theaters, including the Drama Theater in Sukhumi and the Marjanishvili Theater in Tbilisi, where his exceptional acting talents shone.
Throughout his illustrious career at the film studio Kartuli Pilmi, Otar Koberidze portrayed more than 50 memorable characters, leaving an indelible mark on Georgian cinema. One of his standout roles was as a 17th-century Georgian hero in the 1956 historical action film \"Bashi-Achuki.\" Beyond acting, he also made significant contributions as a director, overseeing ten films, and as a screenwriter, penning scripts for three notable productions.
In recognition of his outstanding contributions to the arts, Otar Koberidze was honored with the prestigious title of People\'s Artist of Georgia in 1967, a testament to his enduring influence in the Georgian cultural landscape.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Koberidze was married to the esteemed Georgian actress Lia Eliava (1934--1998)
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# Mieczysław Żywczyński
**Mieczysław Żywczyński** (13 January 1901 -- 21 February 1978) was a Polish historian and priest. He was a professor of Catholic University of Lublin. He was a researcher of the Church\'s history and general history. He was born in Warsaw and died in Lublin
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# Apollon Patras
: *The first version of this article has been based in the text of :el:Α.Σ. Απόλλων of the Greek Wikipedia published under the GFDL.*
**A.S. Apollon Patras** (Greek:*A.Σ. Απόλλων Πατρών*) is a multi-sports club that is based in Patras, Greece. It has included sports sections in association football, basketball, table tennis, and volleyball. The club is named after the ancient Greek God Apollo, and its team colours are black and white.
## History
The club was founded in 1926, in the Prosfygika neighborhood. The football club entered the Achaea FCA, and played many matches against Panachaiki, APS Olympiakos, Patraikos, and Thyella. The team\'s ground was in the Olympiakos Patras Arena, today\'s Prosfygika Stadium.
The football team was later dissolved, and today Apollon is mainly a basketball team, K.A.E. Apollon Patras. It is a regular member of the top-tier level (Greek Basket League), has participated in the Saporta Cup (1997, 1998), the Korać Cup (1999), and has played in the Greek Cup Final in 1997, where they lost the title game against Olympiacos, by a score of 78--80.
## Honours
### Basketball
Men\'s team
- Participation in the Premier Division (Basket League) **(32x)**: 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
**Titles: (8x)**
- Divisional titles: (5x)
- **Greek A2 Basket League (3x)**: 1992,2003,2021
- **Greek B Basket League (2x)**: 1976,1979
- Local titles: (4x)
- **Achaia Local Regional Championships (4x)**: 1956, 1958, 1971, 1973
**Greek Honours:**
- Greek Cup Finalist **(2x)**: 1997, 2015
**European honours:**
- Saporta Cup: Round of 16, 1997
- Saporta Cup: Round of 32, 1998
- Korać Cup: Round of 16, 1999
Women\'s team
- **Achaia** local regional championship winner **(3x)**: **1998, 2006, 2007**
### Volleyball
Men\'s team
- Achaia local regional championship winner **(3x)**: **1998, 2005, 2007**
- Participation in the Second National Division: 2001, 2002
- Participation in the Third National Division: 2004, 2006
Women\'s team
- Achaia local regional championship winner **(2x)**: **2007, 2008**
- Participation in the Second National Division: 2001, 2002
### Football
- Achaia local regional championship winner **(3x)**: **1945, 1946, 1948**
- Participation in Greek Football Third Division (South): 1967, 1976
### Table tennis {#table_tennis}
The club also competes in table tennis competitions, and it finished in fourth place in 1974. It produced athletes such as: Dimitrios Zikos, Giorgos Glarakis, Gerasimos Roussopoulos, and Spyros Kalogriopoulos. Roussopoulos was a member of the team that won the Atomic Greek Youth Championships in 1971, and finished second in 1972 and 1973.
In 1969, along with Spyros Kalogriopoulos, they were Greek champions in the children\'s doubles, as athletes of Sporting Patras.
## Gallery
<File:Apollon> Palais des Sports(2).jpg\|Apollon Patras Indoor Hall. <File:Apollon> Palais des Sports(3).jpg\|Apollon PatrasIndoor Hall, Perivola. <File:Nasional> Idoor Hall Olympic metalist D. Tofalos05.jpg\|Dimitris Tofalos Arena. <File:Pale> de spor Patras Dimitris Tofalos.jpg\|Dimitris Tofalos Arena. <File:Prosfigika> Groud 2.jpg\|Prosfygika Stadium football field. <File:Prosfigika> Groud 1.jpg\|Prosfygika Stadium
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# Corey Widmer
**Corey Edward Widmer** (born December 25, 1968) is an American former professional football linebacker who played his entire eight-year career in the National Football League (NFL) with the New York Giants. He was selected by the Giants in the seventh round of the 1992 NFL draft out of Montana State University; which is in Bozeman, where he was also raised.
In 2007, he suffered a severe back injury while paragliding in Chile
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# Antonio Rukavina
**Antonio Rukavina** (`{{Lang-sr-Cyrl|Антонио Рукавина}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPA|sh|ǎntonio rukǎʋina|pron}}`{=mediawiki}; born 26 January 1984) is a Serbian retired footballer who played as a right-back.
## Club career {#club_career}
Rukavina started out at his local club Bežanija, making his senior debuts in the 2002--03 season, as they won promotion to the Second League of Serbia and Montenegro. He also helped them win the 2005--06 Serbian First League, thus earning promotion to the Serbian SuperLiga.
In December 2006, it was announced that Partizan and Bežanija have agreed terms for the transfer of Rukavina and Žarko Lazetić. Both players signed four-year deals in January 2007. Under newly appointed manager Miroslav Đukić, Rukavina immediately established himself as a first team regular, scoring three league goals from 15 appearances in the second half of the 2006--07 season. He was subsequently named the team\'s captain ahead of the 2007--08 campaign.
In January 2008, Rukavina was transferred to German club Borussia Dortmund, penning a long-term contract. He made his Bundesliga debut in February of the same year, playing the full 90 minutes in a 3--3 away draw at MSV Duisburg. In February 2009, Rukavina moved on loan to 2. Bundesliga side 1860 Munich until the end of the season. He was permanently transferred to 1860 Munich in June 2009, with Sven Bender making the opposite move in lieu of a transfer fee.
In July 2012, Rukavina moved to Spain and signed with Valladolid, on a three-year deal, thus joining his countryman and former manager Miroslav Đukić. He made his La Liga debut in a 1--0 away win against Zaragoza that August, playing the whole match. In his two seasons at José Zorrilla, Rukavina collected 71 appearances and scored twice in the top flight of Spanish football.
On 8 July 2014, Rukavina signed a two-year contract for Villarreal. He collected 32 appearances in all competitions throughout his debut season with *El Submarino Amarillo*. In the next 2015--16 campaign, Rukavina appeared in 31 games, including 10 appearances in the UEFA Europa League.
In July 2018, Rukavina signed with Kazakh champions Astana on a free transfer. He helped them defend the league title in his first season. In August 2019, Rukavina extended his contract with the club until 2021. On 11 November 2021, Rukavina announced his retirement from football.
## International career {#international_career}
Rukavina represented Serbia at the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. He was the team\'s first-choice right-back during the tournament, making four appearances in the process, as they finished as runners-up after losing 4--1 in the final to the Netherlands, the host nation.
On 2 June 2007, Rukavina made his full international debut for Serbia, playing the full 90 minutes of a 2--0 win away at Finland in a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier.
In June 2010, he was named in the final 23-man squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, but failed to make any appearances.
In June 2018, Serbia manager Mladen Krstajić included Rukavina in the final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. He appeared in two games of the group stage, against Costa Rica and Brazil, as Serbia finished in third place. He earned a total of 59 caps (no goals) and his final international was a September 2019 European Championship qualification match away against Luxembourg.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Rukavina\'s paternal great-grandmother was from Croatia.
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# Antonio Rukavina
## Career statistics {#career_statistics}
### Club
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| Club | Season | League | | | National cup | |
+====================+==========+=========================+======+=======+==============+=======+
| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| Bežanija | 2002--03 | Serbian League Belgrade | 27 | 8 | --- | |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| | 2003--04 | Second League of\ | 33 | 3 | --- | |
| | | Serbia and Montenegro | | | | |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| | 2004--05 | | 33 | 2 | --- | |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| | 2005--06 | Serbian First League | 36 | 3 | --- | |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| | 2006--07 | Serbian SuperLiga | 16 | 2 | | |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| | Total | | 145 | 18 | | |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| Partizan | 2006--07 | Serbian SuperLiga | 15 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| | 2007--08 | | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| | Total | | 32 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| Borussia Dortmund | 2007--08 | Bundesliga | 14 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| | 2008--09 | | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| | Total | | 19 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| 1860 Munich (loan) | 2008--09 | 2\. Bundesliga | 15 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
+--------------------+----------+-------------------------+------+-------+--------------+-------+
| 1860 Munich | 2009--10 | 2\
| 255 |
Antonio Rukavina
| 1 |
10,123,495 |
# Line 3 (Madrid Metro)
**Line 3** is a rapid transit line of the Madrid Metro in Madrid. It contains 19 stations across 16.424 km.
## History
The line was opened in August 1936 between `{{MdM|Sol}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{MdM|Embajadores}}`{=mediawiki}, a few days before the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. In 1941 it was extended from Sol to `{{MdM|Argüelles}}`{=mediawiki}, in 1949 from Embajadores to `{{MdM|Delicias}}`{=mediawiki}, in 1951 from Delicias to `{{MdM|Legazpi}}`{=mediawiki}, in 1963 from Argüelles to `{{MdM|Moncloa}}`{=mediawiki}.
In 2007, the platforms were lengthened to 90 m to allow for 6-car trains of CAF class 3000. During this process, all of the stations were modernized and rebuilt, thus giving the original section of Line 3 a brand new look. `{{MdM|Moncloa}}`{=mediawiki} station was completely rebuilt adjacent to that of the Line 6, proving an easy connection between the two lines.
On 21 April 2007, the line was extended from `{{MdM|Legazpi}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{MdM|Villaverde Alto}}`{=mediawiki}, doubling its length. This was the first extension of the line since 1951. Further extensions on both ends of the line have been proposed.
On 21 April 2025, the line was extended to `{{MdM|El Casar}}`{=mediawiki} station, connecting with Line 12 and Cercanías Line C-3
| 194 |
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| 0 |
10,123,510 |
# Mighty Lak' a Rose
\"**Mighty Lak\' a Rose**\" is a 1901 song with lyrics by Frank Lebby Stanton and music by Ethelbert Nevin. The lyrics are written in an approximation of an African American accent as a \"dialect song\", and the title thus means \"mighty like a rose\". It is sung by a black woman called \"Mammy\" to a newborn blue-eyed white boy in her care. It was common at the time for white families to hire trusted black women to care for their children.
The dialect has been modified by some singers, such as Frank Sinatra. The tune became a Tin Pan Alley hit, with versions by George Alexander (1903), Marguerite Dunlap (1911), and Geraldine Farrar (1916), and it was a perennial of pop music for generations. Deanna Durbin sang it as a lullaby in the 1943 film *The Amazing Mrs. Holliday*. The tune is whistled by the killer in the film \'Night Must Fall\' (1937). Other notable recordings include those by Bing Crosby (recorded December 4, 1945), Jane Powell, Lillian Nordica, Geraldine Farrar, Vincent Lopez, Paul Robeson, Art Tatum, Wilbur DeParis, Nina Simone, Petula Clark, John McCormack, Henry Burr, and Roger Whittaker. An orchestra arrangement was directed by Frank Chacksfield.
The song was Nevin\'s final composition, as he died on 17 February 1901 shortly after composing it. Stanton died in 1927
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# 2007 French Grand Prix
The **2007 French Grand Prix** (formally the **Formula 1 Grand Prix de France 2007**) was a Formula One motor race held on 1 July 2007 at the Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours, Magny-Cours, France. It was the eighth race of the 2007 FIA Formula One World Championship. Kimi Räikkönen for the Ferrari team won the 70-lap race starting from third position. Felipe Massa, who started the race from pole position, finished second in the latter Ferrari, with Lewis Hamilton third in a McLaren car.
Massa controlled most of the race from the front, but Räikkönen overtook him during the second round of pit stops to take the lead.
## Report
### Background
Following the `{{F1GP|2007|United States}}`{=mediawiki}, the Formula One teams headed to Silverstone for a three-day test. Nine teams participated, with the exception of Honda and Super Aguri, who opted to test at the Jerez circuit. Neither Ferrari nor McLaren were fastest on the first two days at Silverstone, rather it was Toyota that was fastest on both of the days. However, on the third and final day of testing Felipe Massa put Ferrari on top with a time of 1:20.805. The nearest challenger, Nico Rosberg was 0.469 behind, with Fernando Alonso a further 0.010 behind. With Ferrari fastest on the third day, both of their drivers, Massa and Kimi Räikkönen were very confident heading into the French round of the season.
Off track Ferrari launched a criminal investigation in Modena against their own employee Nigel Stepney. Stepney\'s lawyer ruled out sabotage claims, and Stepney said it was part of a \"dirty tricks\" campaign.
There was also controversy at the rear-end of the grid, as Spyker asked the Fédération Internationale de l\'Automobile (FIA) to look at the new updates that were put on the Super Aguri at Indianapolis to see whether the Aguri team are receiving current Honda parts. On Saturday, Super Aguri\'s managing director Daniel Audetto said \"We have rules -- they \[Spyker\] can just protest. Tell them to protest -- if I have something to complain about, I will make a protest.\"
Robert Kubica was back in his BMW after his crash at the `{{F1GP|2007|Canadian}}`{=mediawiki}. Early on Saturday, Nick Heidfeld was cleared to continue in his BMW after experiencing back pains during Friday practice.
### Practice
Ferrari dominated both practice sessions on the Friday, with Räikkönen fastest in the first Practice Session and Felipe Massa was fastest in the second Practice Session. Behind the Ferraris, Alonso was third in his McLaren, but seven tenths behind, with his teammate and World Championship leader Lewis Hamilton sixth, but lost nearly an hour of the session due to car trouble. The two McLarens were split by David Coulthard and Nico Rosberg.
Hamilton managed to recover from his morning trouble to post the fourth fastest time in the second Practice Session on Friday afternoon. The Ferraris were still leading, but Massa was fastest, just 0.035 seconds ahead of Räikkönen. However, one of the major surprises came from Scuderia Toro Rosso, as Scott Speed posted the third quickest time, with Vitantonio Liuzzi posting the fifth quickest time. During the session, Liuzzi was involved in a bizarre incident with Anthony Davidson; Davidson exited his garage, and smashed his Super Aguri into the side of Liuzzi\'s Toro Rosso; knocking his front wing off in the accident. Alonso finished the second practice session eighth.
In the final practice session on Saturday morning, Hamilton managed to beat Ferrari, with the Englishman ahead of second-placed Massa by 0.063 seconds. Hamilton and the two Ferraris completed the top three, but Alonso was again down in eighth, having missed nearly the whole of the session with a faulty brake sensor. The Renaults sparked a return to form with Heikki Kovalainen and Giancarlo Fisichella fourth and fifth, both ahead of rivals BMW, who were sixth and fifteenth respectively.
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# 2007 French Grand Prix
## Report
### Qualifying
Both Spykers and both Super Aguris were knocked out of the first phase of qualifying, along with Alexander Wurz\'s Williams and Vitantonio Liuzzi\'s Toro Rosso. For Super Aguri\'s Takuma Sato, it did not matter where he qualified, as he was docked ten places, due to overtaking Jenson Button under yellow flags at the last Grand Prix. Spyker\'s Adrian Sutil was hoping for a wet race after an unspectacular qualifying. At the front end of the grid, the McLarens were first and fourth, with Hamilton on top, and the Ferraris splitting them in second and third. Heikki Kovalainen rounded out the top five.
David Coulthard failed to complete a single timed lap in the second part of qualifying due to a gearbox problem, and started sixteenth. Both Hondas were knocked out also, along with Mark Webber, Scott Speed and Ralf Schumacher. Both Button and Barrichello were happier with the upgraded Honda, with Button saying \"the car is certainly better than the last race in Indianapolis, although the positions don\'t reflect that\". Hamilton was again fastest in Part two, with teammate Alonso down in fifth. Massa, Räikkönen and Kubica rounded out the top four.
After topping the first two parts of qualifying, Hamilton dropped to second in the third and final part, with Massa taking pole position, just 0.070 ahead of the Englishman. Massa stated in the post-Qualifying press conference that \"it looks like we \[Ferrari\] are back and fighting\", with Hamilton believing pole was possible had he not made a mistake at Turn 15. Räikkönen qualified third as he lost time on one corner, which he called \"all my fault\". Alonso was unable to complete a single lap in the session due to a gearbox problem. He was classified tenth and stated that he\'d \"prefer a wet race\". Behind Räikkönen was Kubica in fourth, but despite qualifying fifth, Giancarlo Fisichella believed there was \"potential for more\" from the Renault. Fisichella\'s teammate Kovalainen was sixth, with Nick Heidfeld seventh. Jarno Trulli, Nico Rosberg and Alonso rounded out the top ten. Rosberg also had a slight gearbox problem in the final part of qualifying, which he believed cost him a few tenths coming into the final few corners.
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# 2007 French Grand Prix
## Report
### Race
Three people were killed in a helicopter crash at the circuit on Saturday night. They were Emmanuel Longobardi, a PR operative; the pilot Pierre Bennehard; and Simon McGill, a New Zealand national. A Bridgestone employee and his niece were injured. Longobardi was a popular member of the Formula One Paddock.
Adrian Sutil in the Spyker opted to start from the pitlane. Massa got off to the best possible start and retained his lead, but Räikkönen passed Hamilton into Turn One. At the back of the field, Anthony Davidson hit the back of Vitantonio Liuzzi\'s Toro Rosso. The Toro Rosso came back onto the track and smashed into the side of the Super Aguri. Liuzzi said afterwards that \"all we can do is wait for Silverstone and hope that the definite improvement we have made with the car pays off\". At the Adelaide hairpin, Jarno Trulli rammed into the back of Heikki Kovalainen. Trulli was out, but Kovalainen continued at the back of the field. Trulli apologised to Kovalainen after the race, and declared it \"a racing accident\". The tangle promoted Alonso up to eighth.
Robert Kubica was quickly losing ground on the two Ferraris and Hamilton. Alonso passed Rosberg for seventh, and quickly closed in on Heidfeld, but stayed behind him until he pitted on Lap 16. Alonso attempted to get past on Lap five, but ran wide, giving the position back to the German. Hamilton also pitted on Lap 16, with Massa pitting on Lap 19 and Räikkönen on Lap 21.
Räikkönen decreased Massa\'s lead back down from four seconds to two seconds. Alonso passed both Heidfeld and Fisichella in the middle section of the race. In the second round of stops, Räikkönen pitted two laps after Massa. These two laps extra gave Räikkönen the lead after his second stop, with Massa now second. Alonso pitted for the second time on lap 35. Heidfeld and Fisichella pitted several laps later, and both of them got out in front of Alonso. Christijan Albers had an unusual accident, his car left the pit lane with the fuel rig attached without being detached by the pit crews. Eventually, he drove to the side of the track and retired.
Räikkönen won the race from teammate Massa, with Hamilton third. This marked Ferrari\'s first one-two of the season. Massa stated that the race win was lost \"because of traffic\", while teammate Räikkönen stated he was \"much happier with the car\", as he became the first Finn to win the race. Kubica was a lonely fourth, with Fisichella, Heidfeld, Alonso and Button rounding out the points. Despite it being Button\'s first points of 2007, he said that he was \"not getting too excited about it\". Despite finishing seventh, Alonso was still confident about his title chances, saying that he hoped the \"two points are important at the end of the season\".
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# 2007 French Grand Prix
## Classification
### Qualifying {#qualifying_1}
Driver Constructor Q1 Q2 Q3
--------- ---- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- -------------- -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
1 5 Felipe Massa Ferrari 1:15.303 1:14.822 **1:15.034** 1
2 2 Lewis Hamilton align=\"center\" nowrap\|McLaren-Mercedes **1:14.805** **1:14.795** 1:15.104 2
3 6 Kimi Räikkönen Ferrari 1:14.872 1:14.828 1:15.257 3
4 10 Robert Kubica BMW Sauber 1:15.778 1:15.066 1:15.493 4
5 3 align=\"center\" nowrap\|`{{flagicon|Italy}}`{=mediawiki} Giancarlo Fisichella Renault 1:16.047 1:15.227 1:15.674 5
6 4 Heikki Kovalainen Renault 1:15.524 1:15.272 1:15.826 6
7 9 Nick Heidfeld BMW Sauber 1:15.783 1:15.149 1:15.900 7
8 12 Jarno Trulli Toyota 1:16.118 1:15.379 1:15.935 8
9 16 Nico Rosberg Williams-Toyota 1:16.092 1:15.331 1:16.328 9
10 1 Fernando Alonso McLaren-Mercedes 1:15.322 1:15.084 No time`{{ref|qual1|1}}`{=mediawiki} 10
11 11 Ralf Schumacher Toyota 1:15.760 1:15.534 11
12 7 Jenson Button Honda 1:16.113 1:15.584 12
13 8 Rubens Barrichello Honda 1:16.140 1:15.761 13
14 15 Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 1:15.746 1:15.806 14
15 19 Scott Speed Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:15.980 1:16.049 15
16 14 David Coulthard Red Bull-Renault 1:15.915 No time`{{ref|qual2|2}}`{=mediawiki} 16
17 18 Vitantonio Liuzzi Toro Rosso-Ferrari 1:16.142 17
18 17 Alexander Wurz Williams-Toyota 1:16.241 18
19 22 Takuma Sato Super Aguri-Honda 1:16.244 22`{{ref|qual3|3}}`{=mediawiki}
20 23 Anthony Davidson Super Aguri-Honda 1:16.366 19
21 21 Christijan Albers Spyker-Ferrari 1:17.826 20
22 20 Adrian Sutil Spyker-Ferrari 1:17.915 21
Source:
Notes:
- -- Fernando Alonso did not set a time in Q3 due to a gearbox problem.
- -- David Coulthard did not set a time in Q2 due to a gearbox problem.
- -- Takuma Sato was given a drive-through penalty for passing Jenson Button under yellow flags at the `{{F1GP|2007|United States}}`{=mediawiki} but retired from the race before he could serve the penalty, so the penalty was changed to a ten-place grid penalty at this event.
### Race {#race_1}
Driver Constructor Laps Time/Retired Grid Points
----- ---- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------ ------ ----------------------------------------------- ------ --------
1 6 **Kimi Räikkönen** **Ferrari** 70 1:30:54.200 3 **10**
2 5 **Felipe Massa** **Ferrari** 70 +2.414 1 **8**
3 2 **Lewis Hamilton** align=\"center\" nowrap\| **McLaren-Mercedes** 70 +32.153 2 **6**
4 10 **Robert Kubica** **BMW Sauber** 70 +41.727 4 **5**
5 9 **Nick Heidfeld** **BMW Sauber** 70 +48.801 7 **4**
6 3 align=\"center\" nowrap\| `{{flagicon|Italy}}`{=mediawiki} **Giancarlo Fisichella** **Renault** 70 +51.940 5 **3**
7 1 **Fernando Alonso** **McLaren-Mercedes** 70 +56.516 10 **2**
8 7 **Jenson Button** **Honda** 70 +58.885 12 **1**
9 16 Nico Rosberg Williams-Toyota 70 +1:08.505 9
10 11 Ralf Schumacher Toyota 69 +1 lap 11
11 8 Rubens Barrichello Honda 69 +1 lap 13
12 15 Mark Webber Red Bull-Renault 69 +1 lap 14
13 14 David Coulthard Red Bull-Renault 69 +1 lap 16
14 17 Alexander Wurz Williams-Toyota 69 +1 lap 18
15 4 Heikki Kovalainen Renault 69 +1 lap 6
16 22 Takuma Sato Super Aguri-Honda 68 +2 laps 22
17 20 Adrian Sutil Spyker-Ferrari 68 +2 laps 21
Ret 19 Scott Speed Toro Rosso-Ferrari 55 Gearbox 15
Ret 21 Christijan Albers Spyker-Ferrari 28 align=\"center\" nowrap\| Refuelling accident 20
Ret 23 Anthony Davidson Super Aguri-Honda 1 Collision 19
Ret 12 Jarno Trulli Toyota 1 Collision 8
Ret 18 Vitantonio Liuzzi Toro Rosso-Ferrari 0 Collision 17
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# 2007 French Grand Prix
## Championship standings after the race {#championship_standings_after_the_race}
Drivers\' Championship standings
+/-- Driver Points
--------- --- ----------------- --------
1 Lewis Hamilton 64
2 Fernando Alonso 50
3 Felipe Massa 47
4 Kimi Räikkönen 42
5 Nick Heidfeld 30
Source:
Constructors\' Championship standings
+/-- Constructor Points
--------- --- ------------------ --------
1 McLaren-Mercedes 114
2 Ferrari 89
3 BMW Sauber 48
4 Renault 28
5 Williams-Toyota 13
Source:
- **Note**: Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
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# Allen Oliver
**Joseph Allen Oliver** (8 September 1924 -- April 2024) was an English footballer who played as a winger.
Oliver started his career with non-league Crofton Colliery Welfare before joining Derby County in 1947. He scored 2 goals in 17 appearances in total for Derby County before joining Stockport County in 1950, where he went on to score 32 goals in 151 league and cup games. Oliver moved on to Gateshead in 1954, making 153 league and cup appearances and scoring 37 goals in 4 years at the club. Oliver then moved to non-league Ashington in 1958.
Oliver died in April 2024, at the age of 99
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| 0 |
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# Chelmorton
**Chelmorton** is a village and a civil parish in Derbyshire, England. It is in the Derbyshire Dales district and the nearest towns are Buxton to the northwest and Bakewell to the east. The name Chelmorton derives from Old English (a personal name + *dūn*) and probably means \'Ceolmaer\'s hill\' (or \'Cēolmær\'s hill\'). The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 322.
Chelmorton village lines a long street in a high, shallow basin on a limestone plateau, part of the White Peak area of the Peak District National Park. The village is surrounded by a regular pattern of rectangular fields that are bordered by limestone walls; the layout of these indicates that the village had one or possibly two medieval open fields, before enclosure occurred at a subsequent unspecified time.
In the 12th century the village was known as *Chelmerdon(e)*. The parish church of Saint John the Baptist is 11th century. At the opposite end of the village stands its oldest dwelling, Townend Farm, built originally by Isaiah Buxton in 1634. With its four Venetian windows and pedimented doorway it is also known locally as Chelmorton Hall. This ancestral home and family seat of the Marsden family has an enclosed courtyard with elaborate outbuildings. The Church Inn is at the bottom of Chelmorton Low. Other sites of interest are the Rakes, and the source of the village\'s traditional water supply, Illy Willy Water.
Children from Chelmorton go to Harpur Hill Primary School, Buxton Community School, Monyash Primary School and Lady Manners School
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# Hal White
**Harold George White** (March 18, 1919 -- April 21, 2001) was an American professional baseball player, a right-handed pitcher for the Detroit Tigers (1941--43 and 1946--52), St. Louis Browns (1953) and St. Louis Cardinals (1953--1954).
Born in Utica, New York, he was listed at 5 ft and 165 lb. His father, a railroad conductor, taught him to pitch at a young age. He attended Kernan Grammar School in Utica and Utica Free Academy until dropping out to play for a team in Rome, New York in 1937. White served in the United States Navy in the Pacific Theater of Operations during World War II. During his baseball career, he worked in Rome for Revere Copper.
In twelve seasons, White had a 46--54 win--loss record, 336 games (67 started), 23 complete games, 7 shutouts, 144 games finished, 25 saves, 920`{{fraction|1|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings pitched, 875 hits allowed, 443 runs allowed, 387 earned runs allowed, 47 home runs allowed, 450 walks allowed, 349 strikeouts, 14 hit batsmen, 20 wild pitches, 3,986 batters faced, 2 balks, and a 3.78 ERA.
White died in Venice, Florida at the age of 82 of a stroke while being catheterized in a local hospital. A veteran, he was buried at Sarasota National Cemetery in Sarasota County, Florida
| 211 |
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| 0 |
10,123,632 |
# Vesle Galdhøpiggen
**Vesle Galdhøpiggen** or **Veslpiggen** is a mountain in Lom Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is the sixth highest mountain in Norway. The 2369 m tall mountain is located in the Jotunheimen mountains within Jotunheimen National Park. The mountain sits about 25 km southwest of the village of Fossbergom and about 45 km northeast of the village of Øvre Årdal. The mountain is surrounded by several other notable mountains including Galdhøpiggen (Norway\'s tallest mountain) and Keilhaus topp to the southeast; Storjuvtinden, Svellnosbreahesten, and Store Tverråtinden to the south; Skardstinden to the southwest; Storgrovtinden to the west; and Storgrovhøe to the northwest.
## Name
The word *vesle* means \'small\' or \'little\' - thus the name means \'the little Galdhøpiggen\'
| 121 |
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| 0 |
10,123,640 |
# Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition
The **Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition** (*Max-Planck-Institut für Innovation und Wettbewerb*) is a Munich, Germany, based research institute, which is part of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, which manages 84 institutes and research institutions. The institute was formerly known as the *Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law* and the name was changed to *Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition* in view of the broader focus of the institute and its interdisciplinary character. The major research areas of the institute are intellectual property, innovation and competition. Apart from providing research support for scholars from across the world, the institute also publishes the *International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law* (IIC).
As of 2024, Prof. Josef Drexl is the managing director of the institute. Prof. Dietmar Harhoff is director of the institute.
## History
In 1952, a new school of law, the Institute for Foreign and International Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Law, was founded at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Under the leadership of its first director, Eduard Reimer (1896--1957), president of the German Patent Office, the institute quickly gained international importance and recognition. His successor, Eugen Ulmer (1903--1988), put a stamp on the research work for decades; he notably promoted the expansion of the national and international copyright and competition law. In 1966, as its founding director, he established the "Max-Planck Institute for Foreign and International Patent, Copyright and Competition Law".
Alongside Eugen Ulmer, Friedrich-Karl Beier (1926--1997) and Gerhard Schricker (until 2003) were admitted to the directorate of the Max Planck Institute. In the following decades, the Max Planck Institute would exert a wide-ranging influence on the national and international development of the relevant fields of law. An outstanding example of this influence was research based on comparative law analyses regarding European harmonisation of the law against unfair competition of trademark law, of design law as well as copyright law. Also essential were comparative law studies on the patentability of biotechnological inventions or the exploration of limits between the trademark rights.
In 2002, the institute was modernised significantly, in particular with respect to personnel, areas of expertise, and its facilities. On 1 January 2002, Josef Drexl, Reto M. Hilty and Wolfgang Schön were appointed to the directorate of the Max Planck Institute, serving alongside Joseph Straus, who was appointed director in 2001, taking over the directorship from Gerhard Schricker. On 1 July 2002, a new department, "Accounting and Taxes", was added to the newly formed unit "Intellectual Property Law and Competition Law". This department was conceived to cover law regarding capital market information and the taxation of companies as constituents of the international economic and competition regime.
Also in 2002, the Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (MIPLC) was founded, which from an administrative point of view is managed as an independent department of the institute, but is supported by the Max Planck Society in cooperation with the University of Augsburg, the Technical University Munich as well as the George Washington Law School, Washington D.C. The MIPLC conducts both research as well as teaching and, since autumn 2003, offers an internationally networked LLM degree, under the direction of Joseph Straus (until 2008) and Josef Drexl (as of 2009) and staffed by world-renowned academics. The emphasis is on IP law and courses are held in English. Students come from many countries of all five continents.
In 2009, Kai A. Konrad was appointed to the directorate of the institute, and the Department of Public Economics was added to the formed unit \"Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law\". The main field of public economics studies the functioning of government, as well as the challenges and the opportunities for reform. The department analyzes the limits and scope of government, with a special focus on levying taxes to finance its core tasks in a modern nation state.
In January 2011 the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law (*Max-Planck-Institut für Geistiges Eigentum, Wettbewerbs- und Steuerrecht*) was split to form the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property and Competition Law under the directorship of Josef Drexl and Reto M. Hilty, and the MPI for Tax Law and Public Finance under the directorship of Kai A. Konrad and Wolfgang Schön. At the same time these Institutes, along with the MPI for Foreign and International Social Law, joined to form the Munich Max Planck Campus for Legal and Economic Research.
In 2013 the institute was extended by an economic science department headed by Prof. Dietmar Harhoff and renamed to Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition.
In May 2025 the institute was relocated to new premises at Herzog-Max-Str. 4, next to Karlsplatz/Stachus.
## Max Planck Law {#max_planck_law}
The institute is part of the research network Max Planck Law
| 801 |
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| 0 |
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# Screenwriting software
**Screenwriting software** are word processor programs specialized to the task of writing screenplays, i.e. screenwriting.
## Overview
### Features
While add-ins and macros for word processors, such as Script Wizard for Microsoft Word, can be used to write screenplays, the need for dedicated screenwriting programs arises from the presence of certain peculiarities in standard screenplay format which are not handled well by generic word processors such as page-break constraints imposed by standard screenplay format. Screenplay software often provides specialized shortcuts for quickly typing character names or slug lines, collaborating with other writers, adding production notes, character notes, easy outlining, scene reordering, and other tools to facilitate the creative process. Other features often required when writing shooting scripts include page-locking, scene numbering, revision-tracking, and production-related reports (such as which characters appear in a given scene or which scenes are set during the day or night).
Some screenwriting applications, such as Celtx and Sophocles, also incorporate production scheduling and budgeting features.
Another class of screenwriting software includes those that, rather than act as specialized word processors, attempt to direct the writer\'s storytelling process by utilizing story theory to facilitate the planning of a screenplay. Examples of this type of program includes Dramatica, Scrite, and Index Card.
Screenwriting software often also provides functions that allow writers to analyze their scripts for various characteristics. In 2018, developers began adding functions that allow an analysis of gender representation such as the Bechdel test, e.g. in Highland 2, and the forthcoming Final Draft 11.
### Platforms
Screenwriting programs exist for all varieties of platforms and environments including traditional standalone desktop applications that run directly on a personal computer, web applications that run solely within a browser, and mobile apps that run on phones, tablets, and other portable devices.
### Plain text markup {#plain_text_markup}
The Fountain markup syntax, co-developed by screenwriter John August, facilitates formatting screenplays directly from plain text, be it in dedicated writing software, email programs, or text generated through OCR. There is also a formatting package for LaTeX called screenplay.
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# Screenwriting software
## History
The first screenwriting software was a standalone script formatter, Scriptor, from Screenplay Systems. It took a text file generated by a word processor and inserted the proper page break tags. When used in conjunction with a terminate-and-stay-resident program such as SmartKey or ProKey---keyboard utilities that assigned a sequence of commands to keystroke combinations---the \"dot commands\" that Scriptor required could be inserted semi-automatically. Additionally, keyboard macros could be programmed to properly indent and enter abbreviations---allowing a user to customize the working of the word processor.
SmartKey was popular with screenwriters from 1982--1987, after which word processing programs had their own macro features.
An update to Scriptor understood the style sheets used in Microsoft Word for DOS. And so the need for key macro programs was lessened. Scriptor\'s limitation was that once formatted it was difficult to re-import the resulting text back into a word processor for further editing.
The next generation of screenplay software hooked into Microsoft Word. Warren Script Application was initially released as a set of style sheets for Word for DOS. It was updated for Word for Windows circa 1988. gScript, a shareware script formatter/template, was released via CompuServe in 1989. It was included on the disk accompanying the book *Take Word for Windows to the Edge*, published by Ziff-Davis in 1993. It was subsequently updated and released commercially as ScriptWright.
This third generation of screenplay software consists of the standalone script writing programs such as Movie Magic Screenwriter, Final Draft, and Cinovation\'s Scriptware.
The latest generation adds online storage and collaboration and integrates with apps on mobile devices. Many software also integrate outlining tools as well as other creative support, and tools to further integrate the production process
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# Battery Way
**Battery Way** was a battery of four 12-inch mortars located on the island of Corregidor. Battery Way was one of two (Battery Geary the other) mortar batteries at Fort Mills that, with Fort Hughes, Fort Drum, Fort Frank and Fort Wint formed the Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays. Battery Way was named for Lt. Henry N. Way of the 4th U.S. Artillery.
## Construction and design {#construction_and_design}
Battery Way was constructed as part of the fortifications program initiated by the Taft Board. Constructed between 1908 and 1914, it was the only single-pit mortar battery built as part of the program. Its four coast defense mortars, M1890MI guns on M1896MI carriages, were designed to loft armor-piercing shells in a high trajectory onto the decks of warships threatening Manila Bay. Advances in naval gunnery and ship design rendered these weapons mostly obsolete by the end of World War I.
## World War II {#world_war_ii}
Battery Way played a very limited role during the Philippines Campaign in the spring of 1942, only becoming active in the last week of the battle. The battery had been out of service for several years, but three of the four mortars were returned to service with a crew from Battery E, 60th Coast Artillery (AA), recently evacuated from Bataan, by 28 April. These were fired for the first time on that day against Japanese positions on nearby Bataan. Its exposure to Japanese artillery, air attack, and its limited supply of high explosive shells greatly diminished its effectiveness. By the time of the Japanese landings on Corregidor island on 5--6 May 1942, only one mortar tube of Battery Way remained serviceable, the other two having been damaged beyond repair by Japanese artillery.
The battery was manned by the Japanese after the fall of Corregidor in 1942. The guns were permanently damaged during the retaking of Corregidor by U.S. forces in early 1945.
## Post-war {#post_war}
Corregidor Island, its surviving fortifications, and associated war relics are presently maintained as a national park. Daytime and overnight tours are available. The entire island is now maintained by the Cavite Foundation Institute (CFI) of Cavite, Philippines, and the Department of Tourism. Aside from the tours, trekking, hiking, and swimming has become a part of visitors\' activities.
## Battery Way in popular culture {#battery_way_in_popular_culture}
- In an episode of the Filipino television show Strangebrew, Tado and Erning are looking for some batteries for Tado\'s flashlight when a ghost appears to them and tells them to go to Corregidor where there are many batteries (actually the *Battery Way*).
## Photo gallery {#photo_gallery}
Image:12-inch_Mortar.jpg \|12-inch mortar Image:Battery_way_Ordnance_Storage2.jpg\|Ammunition magazine of Battery Way Image:Battery_Way_Three_mortars_and_command_center2.jpg\|Three mortars and battery commander\'s station Image:Battery_Way.jpg \| Battery Way View Image:Shot_showing_the_Barrel.jpg \|Open breech of a 12-inch mortar Image:Viewed_from_the_Battery_Command_Center
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# Kabát
**Kabát** is a Czech hard rock band from Teplice formed in 1983. The members of the group are Josef Vojtek (lead vocals), Milan Špalek (bass guitar), Tomáš Krulich (guitar), Ota Váňa (guitar), and Radek Hurčík (drums). Kabát has enjoyed major popularity in their home country since 1989, and they are the holders of multiple Anděl Awards. The band represented the Czech Republic as the country\'s first entry in the Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 in Helsinki, Finland. Between 2003 and 2017, they won the Český slavík award twelve times. In 2014, they were inducted into the Beatová síň slávy, the Czech equivalent of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. They are considered one of the most successful rock acts in Czech history.
## History
### Beginnings and first album (1983--91) {#beginnings_and_first_album_198391}
Kabát was formed as a thrash metal band in Teplice in 1983 by bass guitarist Milan Špalek and guitarist Tomáš Krulich. Drummer Radek \"Hurvajs\" Hurčík and singer Josef Vojtek joined the band soon after. The group went on a three-year hiatus in 1985 as some of its members had to perform military service. They reformed in 1989, this time with Jiří Bušek and René Horňák on guitars. The two didn\'t last long with Kabát and were replaced in 1990 by new guitarist Ota Váňa and the returning Tomáš Krulich. The band\'s lineup has remained the same to the present day.
Between 1989 and 1990, Kabát recorded the demo *Orgazmus*, which was never officially published, though the band distributed it among fans. In 1991, they issued their first studio album, *Má jí motorovou*. It went on to sell a total of 69,000 copies. This led to the band winning their first Anděl Award, in the Discovery of the Year category.
### *Děvky ty to znaj* and *Colorado* (1992--94) {#děvky_ty_to_znaj_and_colorado_199294}
In 1992, Kabát issued the concert album *Živě!*, which was recorded at concerts in Brno and Břeclav. The following year, their second studio album, *Děvky ty to znaj*, was released. The album cover was drawn by former luger Petr Urban, to whom Kabát subsequently dedicated a song from the record. To promote the album, the band embarked on their first major tour, which included a show at Prague\'s Lucerna. The album sold a total of 85,000 copies.
In September 1994, Kabát put out their third record, *Colorado*, which was certified Gold in less than two weeks, for selling 25,000 units. By the end of November, the album had gone Platinum, for the sale of 50,000 units. This release helped Kabát get on Czech radio, paradoxically, with the bluegrass song \"Colorado\", which was originally intended only as a joke. *Colorado* sold a total of 96,000 copies.
### *Země plná trpaslíků*, *Čert na koze jel*, and *MegaHu* (1995--99) {#země_plná_trpaslíků_čert_na_koze_jel_and_megahu_199599}
In the fall of 1995, Kabát released their fourth studio album, titled *Země plná trpaslíků*. Despite receiving mixed reviews, the record sold 82,000 copies. Vocalist Vojtek later said it was his least favourite album. To promote it, Kabát went on tour in 1996. Following this, the rockers returned to the studio to record their next album. This was released in 1997 under the title *Čert na koze jel*. It sold 72,000 copies and the band placed eleventh in that year\'s Český slavík poll. Kabát followed the release with another tour in 1998. In 1999, a new record was released, the band\'s sixth, titled *MegaHu*. A national tour followed the same year. The album sold 50,000 copies and Kabát placed ninth in the Český slavík poll, the first time they had made it into the top ten.
### *Go satane go* and *Suma sumárum* (2000--02) {#go_satane_go_and_suma_sumárum_200002}
In November 2000, Kabát released the album *Go satane go*. They supported it with another tour. A year later, the band published their first retrospective, the 2-CD compilation *Suma sumárum*, which was intended to celebrate the tenth anniversary of their debut album. The first disc contained a list of their biggest hits and the second was a live recording of a concert from the previous year\'s *Go satane go* tour. The compilation sold over 130,000 copies, was certified six-times Platinum, and became the band\'s bestselling record. 2001 saw Kabát do another national tour, as well as their first major international foray, as they travelled to the United States to perform a number of shows.
*Suma sumárum* was followed in 2002 by a DVD release titled *Suma sumárum - Best of video*. The same year, Kabát placed third in the Český slavík poll.
### *Dole v dole* (2003--05) {#dole_v_dole_200305}
Kabát published their eighth studio album, *Dole v dole*, in October 2003. It went four-times Platinum, selling over 78,000 copies, and won the band their first Český slavík award, which they received at Prague\'s State Opera. The following year, Kabát won several Anděl Awards, in the categories Rock Album of the Year, Band of the Year, and Bestselling Title of the Year. Also in 2004, they released the DVD *Kabát 2003-2004*. This included several live recordings as well as a documentary of their 2004 tour. Kabát remained in first place in that year\'s Český slavík.
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# Kabát
## History
### *Corrida*, *Po čertech velkej koncert* (2006--09) {#corrida_po_čertech_velkej_koncert_200609}
In the spring of 2006, Kabát began working on a new studio album. The record, named *Corrida*, was released in December. A spring 2007 tour followed. *Corrida* sold 45,000 units after only five days and was later certified triple Platinum. Kabát received another Anděl Award, this time for Bestselling Album. In 2007, the band won the Czech national final for the 2007 Eurovision Song Contest, which took place in Helsinki, Finland. They did not make it to the finals, finishing last in the semifinal. At the end of the year, Kabát won their third Český slavík as Band of the Year. In November 2008, the DVD *Kabát -- Corrida 2007* was released, containing a concert filmed in Prague, as well a documentary of the entire tour promoting the band\'s latest album. Kabát won the Český slavík once more, claiming their fourth victory. In 2009, to celebrate twenty years in the same lineup, Kabát planned their biggest open-air concert to date, one that would rival international performances. Plans for a new album were shelved and instead, all efforts were poured into the concert, which was titled *Po čertech velkej koncert*. The event took place on 12 September in Prague. A recording of the concert was later released as a two-disc DVD, under the name *Po čertech velkej koncert*.
At the end of the year, Kabát defeated Chinaski for first place in the Český slavík poll, scoring their fifth win.
### *Banditi di Praga* and brass band tour (2010--13) {#banditi_di_praga_and_brass_band_tour_201013}
In November 2010, Kabát won the Český slavík once more, and released a new album a month later. Titled *Banditi di Praga*, it was certified Diamond and became the bestselling album of the year. The band toured again the next year, and subsequently released a DVD documenting their performances, titled *Banditi di Praga Turné 2011*. The release was certified triple-Platinum, and Kabát won their seventh Český slavík that year, as well as an Anděl for bestselling album.
In 2013, the rockers announced they would tour with a brass band, which, according to them, they had been secretly planning for almost four years. Due to the technical complexity of the feat, the tour made only six stops in the Czech Republic and three in Slovakia. The tour, titled *Banditi di Praga po 30 letech*, was conceived in the style of the 1930s, and the clubs where the band played were decorated accordingly. The brass band would join Kabát halfway through each concert, together with dancers.
At the end of the year, Kabát finished second in the Český slavík poll, losing first place to Kryštof, and interrupting a streak of six victories.
### *Po čertech velkej koncert II*, *Do pekla/do nebe* (2014--18) {#po_čertech_velkej_koncert_ii_do_peklado_nebe_201418}
In September 2014, Kabát staged another massive concert in Prague to celebrate their 25th anniversary. Titled Po čertech velkej koncert II, the show was opened by *Hlas Česko Slovenska 2014* winner Lenka \"Lo\" Hrůzová, followed by Danish rock band D-A-D. The performance was recorded and later released on DVD. At the end of the year, Kabát won first place in the Český slavík poll once more.
In May 2015, the long-delayed album *Do pekla/do nebe* was released, and was eventually certified five-times Platinum. The band followed it with a tour of Czechia and Slovakia and won their tenth Český slavík that year. In 2016, the rockers released the compilation album *Kabát 2013--2015*, which included the recording of a performance they held at Prague\'s O2 Arena as part of their big band tour in 2013. At the end of November, they received their eleventh Český slavík.
2017 saw the band score another victory at the Český slavík poll. They decided to return the award, however, as they claimed that it should have rightfully gone to Ortel, a controversial group who were ranked in second place. After receiving pressure from Kabát and other musicians, including Michal David, Mattoni, the organizer of the event, agreed to a vote recount. In the end, Kabát were shown to have received 5,000 more votes than Ortel.
### *Po čertech velký turné*, COVID-19 pandemic (2019--present) {#po_čertech_velký_turné_covid_19_pandemic_2019present}
In 2019, to celebrate their thirtieth anniversary, Kabát organized the *Po čertech velký turné* tour. During the Prague concert, with the support of over thirty thousand fans, they saluted songster Karel Gott and congratulated him on his 80th birthday. They also announced that they were working on new material for their next album.
Recording proceeded until March 2020, when studios had to be closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In June they announced that they would be postponing their planned tour until 2021.
## Musical style {#musical_style}
Although Kabát was originally founded as a thrash metal band, this style lasted only until the release of their debut album, *Má jí motorovou*. Subsequently, they gradually adopted a sound approaching hard rock. Their lyrics originally included profanity, sexual themes, and glorification of drunkenness, but this began to change after the release of their third album, *Colorado*. The texts to their songs took on a more humorous slant, and they often sang about political or social topics in the Czech Republic and the world.
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# Kabát
## Band members {#band_members}
**Current**
- Josef Vojtek -- vocals, harmonica (1983--present)
- Tomáš Krulich -- rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1983--present)
- Milan Špalek -- bass, backing vocals (1983--present)
- Ota Váňa -- lead guitar, backing vocals (1990--present)
- Radek \"Hurvajs\" Hurčík -- drums, backing vocals (1986--present)
**Past**
- Jiří Bušek -- guitar
- René Horňák -- guitar
- Martin \"Máca\" Uhřík -- guitar
- Libor Šerl -- bass
- Robert Stahl -- drums
## Discography
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
- *Má jí motorovou* (1991)
- *Děvky ty to znaj* (1993)
- *Colorado* (1994)
- *Země plná trpaslíků* (1995)
- *Čert na koze jel* (1997)
- *MegaHu* (1999)
- *Go satane go* (2000)
- *Dole v dole* (2003)
- *Corrida* (2006)
- *Banditi di Praga* (2010)
- *Do pekla/Do nebe* (2015)
- *El Presidento* (2022)
### Live albums {#live_albums}
- *Živě!* (1992)
- *Po čertech velkej koncert* (2CD, 2009)
- *Banditi di Praga Turné 2011* (2CD, 2011)
### Compilations
- *Suma sumárum* (2CD, 2001)
- *Box 2007* (8CD, 2007)
- *Suma sumárum - Best of (25
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# Sabrina (Portuguese singer)
**Maria Teresa Villa-Lobos** (born 30 March 1982), known professionally as **Sabrina**, is a Portuguese singer from Setúbal. She represented her country and national broadcaster RTP at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, in Helsinki, Finland, after winning the Festival da Canção, the national selection. Due to Portugal\'s non-qualification to the final, in 2006, Sabrina performed in the semi-final, finishing 11th thus failing to qualify.
## Biography
Sabrina started singing at school and family parties and, at the age of 16, she already had won some karaoke competitions. Her major hobby was playing futsal at the *Grupo Desportivo e Recreativo do Bairro do Liceu*, achieving a championship runner-up place for local club Vitória de Setúbal.
Professionally, she was part of the third and last line-up of Portuguese girlband *Teenagers*, from 2003 to 2006, when she planned to start her solo career. In early 2007, with 24 years old, she was selected, through a casting, to participate on RTP\'s *Festival da Canção 2007*. Her producer, popular artist Emanuel, proposed her to perform under the alias Sabrina. On 10 March, she won the show with almost twice the votes of the runner-up. The song, called \"Dança comigo\", represented Portugal at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 in Helsinki, Finland.
Sabrina performed in position number 17 at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 semi-final, backed by a mixed pair of dancers and three female singers. The Eurovision version was more Latino-influenced than the version with which she won the *Festival da Canção*, and the last two choruses were sung in French, Spanish, English and Portuguese. The dance routine was more elaborate also. Sabrina ended up 11th, just 4 points short of qualification, right behind Moldova (to whom incidentally Portugal gave its maximum points). The song\'s final ranking was 25th out of 42 countries, making \"Dança Comigo\" the most successful Portuguese entry since 1998, and the second highest Portuguese scorer ever, with 88 points (after the 92 points from 1996). 44 points came from western European countries (8 points from neighbouring Spain), and 36 points from eastern Europe. It was the highest western scoring song in the semi-final. In ESC 2008, she was a spokesperson for RTP.
Along with the Eurovision Song Contest preparations, she was also working on her debut album, produced by Emanuel.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
She is married to Portuguese football player Orlando Sá, and they have two children
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# Pyhra
**Pyhra** (`{{IPA|de|ˈpyːʁa|-|De-Pyhra.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is a town with 3286 inhabitants in the district of Sankt Pölten-Land in Lower Austria, Austria.
## Geography
Pyhra is located in the hill country of the Mostviertel in Lower Austria, near the city St. Pölten. The biggest mountain is the Amerlingkogel (628 m).
The area is 66.73 square kilometers big. 40.04 per cent of the area is wooded.
## Districts
Districts are Adeldorf, Aigen, Atzling, Auern, Baumgarten, Blindorf, Brunn, Ebersreith, Egelsee, Fahra, Gattring-Raking, Getzersdorf, Heuberg, Hinterholz, Hummelberg bei Hinterholz, Kirchweg, Nützling, Oberburbach, Obergrub, Oberloitzenberg, Obertiefenbach, Perersdorf, Perschenegg, Pyhra, Reichenhag, Reichgrüben, Schauching, Schnabling, Steinbach, Unterburbach, Unterloitzenberg, Wald, Weinzettl, Wieden, Windhag, Zell and Zuleithen.
## Neighbour municipalities {#neighbour_municipalities}
Pyhra borders Böheimkirchen in the northeast, Kasten by Böheimkirchen and Michelbach in the east, St. Veit on the Gölsen in the south, Wilhelmsburg in the southwest, and St. Pölten in the west and northwest.
## Schools
NÖ Landeskindergarten, Volksschule Pyhra, Europa-Hauptschule Pyhra, Landwirtschaftliche Fachschule Pyhra and the music school of the Perschlingtal
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# Jesmond, New South Wales
**Jesmond** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɛ|z|m|ə|n|d}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|JEZ|mənd}}`{=mediawiki}) is a suburb of the City of Newcastle LGA, located about 9.5 km west of the Newcastle CBD in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is both a commercial centre and dormitory suburb of Newcastle. Residents include Australian and international students attending the University of Newcastle in adjacent Callaghan. The suburb also has numerous aged housing facilities. The suburb is very multicultural due to many international university students. According to the 2006 Census there were 2,442 people in 1,144 dwellings (in 2001 there were 2376 people in 1140 dwellings).
## History
The Aboriginal people, in this area, the Awabakal, were the first people of this land.
Jesmond\'s original European settler name was \"Dark Creek.\" Jesmond was the location of orchards and steam saw-mills. A village was established in the area by 1883 with around 600 residents. A soap works was established in the area in the 1880s. There is some contradiction as to the source of \"Jesmond\" as the suburb\'s name with different sources attributing it to the suburb under the same name in Newcastle upon Tyne in the North of England and \"Jesmond Dene\", a park in Jesmond.
Jesmond was highly impacted by the Great Depression which forced many to live in a shanty town called \"*Hollywood*\". This shanty town was located on an old railway track which led to Wallsend it stretched from about 600 m into bushland near the Jesmond roundabout . Up to forty families lived and was sometimes referred to as Doggville.
## Schools
Jesmond has access to a number of schools, including Heaton Public School, Jesmond Public School and the Jesmond Senior Campus of Callaghan College.
## Shopping and transport {#shopping_and_transport}
Jesmond\'s commercial centre is situated on Blue Gum Road. There are a number of mixed businesses as well as a large shopping mall. The area serves Newcastle with a district centre function and as a transport junction with main roads in east--west and northern directions.
Jesmond Central shopping centre (formerly Stockland Jesmond) is on Blue Gum Road, approximately 9 km west-north-west of the Newcastle CBD. The centre includes major stores such as Woolworths, Aldi and Big W, as well as over 60 specialty stores. The centre has parking for over 900 cars.
## Recreation and sport {#recreation_and_sport}
Jesmond Park and Heaton Park are Jesmond\'s two main public parks for sport events, complemented by the facilities at Callaghan Campus (Y11-Y12 only). Jesmond Park, situated with a bushland setting to its southern boundary, is a popular destination for family barbecues and wedding photography given its extensive rose garden.
Jesmond Football Club, \"The Rams\", are the local soccer team based at Jesmond Park. The club was founded in 1928 and has a long and proud history. Heaton Park also features an oval-shaped concrete skateboarding bowl
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# Black Moon (person)
**Black Moon** *Wi Sapa* (c. 1821--March 1, 1893) was a Miniconjou Lakota headman with the northern Lakota during the nineteenth century, not to be confused with the Hunkpapa leader (*Oni Sapa*) by the same name.
## Biography
Virtually nothing is known of Black Moon\'s early years. He had risen to a position of influence among his tribe by 1869 when he was present at the appointment of Sitting Bull as head war leader of the Lakota.
By the time of the Great Sioux War of 1876--77, this fifty-five-year-old headman was leader of a small Miniconjou band that chose to remain away from the Cheyenne River Agency. Black Moon is listed as one of the Miniconjou leaders who had joined the northern village by the early summer of 1876 and was present at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. He and his family fled to Canada in 1877, joining Sitting Bull near Wood Mountain.
When majority of the northern Lakota elected to surrender in 1880--81, Black Moon decided to remain in Canada, as did No Neck and a Brulé named Black Bull. He and his family lived near Moose Jaw and Willow Bunch and established relationships with Canadians in the region. Black Moon\'s daughter, Mary, married a corporal in the Royal Mounted Police stationed at nearby Fort Walsh. Black Moon finally departed Canada for the U.S. in the spring of 1889 with eleven lodges. Intercepted by soldiers, they were allowed to continue on to the Standing Rock Agency two weeks later. Black Moon and his family were transferred to the Cheyenne River Agency in October 1890. Part of his family traveled with Big Foot when he fled the agency during the Ghost Dance troubles. According to Dickson, \"Black Moon\'s wife, daughter and son were killed\" at Wounded Knee; and \"another son and other family members were wounded.\" Afterwards, survivor Alice War Bonnet Charging Cloud reported seeing Black Moon with his brothers, Iron Horn and Wood Pile, at Pine Ridge, according to her son, William War Bonnet.
Black Moon lived the remainder of his life along Cherry Creek on the Cheyenne River Reservation
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# Bockhorn, Bavaria
**Bockhorn** (`{{IPA|de|ˈbɔkhɔʁn}}`{=mediawiki}) is a municipality in the district of Erding in Bavaria in Germany
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# China United Coalbed Methane
**China United Coalbed Methane Corp., Ltd.** (CUCBM), also known as **China CBM**, is state-owned company in China, which had exclusive rights until 2010 to explore, develop and produce coal mine methane in cooperation with overseas companies. The company was established in 1996.
## History
**China United Coalbed Methane Corp., Ltd.** was founded by two ministries and one state-owned enterprise of the State Council of the People\'s Republic of China in 1996 (China National Petroleum Corp., `{{Interlanguage link multi|Ministry of Coal Industry of the People's Republic of China|zh|3=中華人民共和國煤炭工業部|lt=Ministry of Coal Industry}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{Interlanguage link multi|Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of the People's Republic of China|zh|3=中華人民共和國地質礦產部|lt=Ministry of Geology & Mineral Resources}}`{=mediawiki}). At first it had a share capital of `{{CNY|link=yes|100 million}}`{=mediawiki}. Under the Regulation on Sino-foreign Cooperation in the Development of Continental Petroleum Resources, which was revised on 2001, the corporation was the monopoly to sign deal with foreign industry to explore and produce coalbed methane. Although in 2007 another revise of the regulation giving the state council nominate other company in case-by-case basis. The State Council formally authorized 3 more companies in 2010, namely China National Petroleum Corporation (which already acquired the rights by 2009 partial demerger of China CBM), China Petrochemical Corporation and Henan Coalbed Methane Development and Utilization Co., Ltd.
## Shareholders
As at 31 December 2014 China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) owned 100% stake. CNOOC acquired 30% stake in 2014, 20% stake in 2013 and 50% stake in 2010 from fellow state-owned enterprise China National Coal Group.
China National Coal Group was the sole shareholder from 2009 to 2010, which acquired 50% stake from PetroChina. (in turn PetroChina acquired some assets from China United Coalbed Methane and incorporated \"PetroChina Coalbed Methane\")
PetroChina and China National Coal Group acquired the stake in 1999 from its parent China National Petroleum Corporation and the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People\'s Republic of China respectively
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# Line 4 (Madrid Metro)
**Line 4** is a rapid transit line of the Madrid Metro connecting the west and center of Madrid with the said city\'s northeastern end, running between Argüelles and Pinar de Chamartín. It consists of a total of 23 narrow-gauge stations with 60-metre platforms. Altogether, its route measures just under 15 kilometers , with a journey that lasts approximately 38 minutes. It is operated by a single train model, the 3000 series of the CAF company, which circulates in compositions of 4 cars. This represents a limitation on its maximum passenger capacity per train, which is compensated by one of the highest frequencies in the entire network.
Originally opened in March 1944, it was originally called the \"Línea de los Bulevares\" (\"Boulevard Line\"), with only 8 stations in its original version. Its expansion has occurred exclusively at one end, the eastern end, an atypical peculiarity in the Madrid suburban area. At first, this was produced by absorbing some stations on one of the branches of line 2. Subsequently, new sections were inaugurated as the capital expanded spatially, each incorporating a few stations. The inaugurations of sections in 1973, 1979 and 1998 stood out, making this line grow slowly and progressively. The last group of stations was inaugurated in 2007, more than 60 years after the line\'s genesis. This long period of time means that the most modern stations (more spacious, functional and accessible for people with reduced mobility) contrast clearly with the older ones (narrower, closed and rarely accessible).
The route of the line is not easy to describe precisely, except in the case of the most central stations. Broadly speaking, its oldest part was characterized by presenting a straight line layout without major technical complications (beyond some pronounced angles), acquiring a more complex and curvilinear shape towards the northeast. The inaugural section begins in the heart of Argüelles, runs along the Alberto Aguilera axis, crosses Paseo de la Castellana and continues along Calle de Goya. Subsequently, the extensions caused the line to run under Conde del Peñalver Street and, after some short windings, take the López de Hoyos axis, in the direction of Hortaleza. Once in this district, it draws its final curve, covering a good part of it, until it reaches Pinar de Chamartín. Thus, the line has stations in the districts of Moncloa-Aravaca, Chamberí, Centro, Salamanca, Chamartín, Ciudad Lineal and Hortaleza, all of which are located in tariff zone A.
## History
Line 4 originally opened on 23 March 1944 between `{{MdM|Goya}}`{=mediawiki} and Argüelles.
In 1958, the line took up a branch of what is now Line 2 from Goya to `{{MdM|Diego de León}}`{=mediawiki}, which originally opened on 17 September 1932. In the 1970s, the line was extended in two stages: from Diego de León to `{{MdM|Alfonso XIII}}`{=mediawiki} in 1973, and later to `{{MdM|Esperanza}}`{=mediawiki} in 1979.
On 1 April 1998, the line was extended from Esperanza to `{{MdM|Mar de Cristal}}`{=mediawiki}, allowing for a connection with the newly-opened Line 8. Later that year on 15 December, the line was extended to `{{MdM|Parque de Santa María}}`{=mediawiki}. On 11 April 2007, an extension further to the current terminus at `{{MdM|Pinar de Chamartin}}`{=mediawiki} opened. At this station, passengers can transfer to Line 1 as well as Metro Ligero Line 1 (ML-1). This station uses an island platform is for departures and a side platform for arrivals.
## Rolling stock {#rolling_stock}
Line 4 has used four-car trains of the CAF class 3400 since 2007
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# Lands administrative divisions of Queensland
**Lands administrative divisions of Queensland** refers to the divisions of Queensland used for the registration of land titles. There are 322 counties, and 5,319 parishes within the state. They are part of the Lands administrative divisions of Australia. Queensland had been divided into 109 counties in the nineteenth century, before the Land Act of 1897 subdivided many of these counties to 319. Some of the eastern counties remained the same, with most of the subdivisions occurring in the west and north. The current counties were named and bounded by the Governor in Council on 7 March 1901.
In 2006, the government sought advice about a plan to abolish the counties and parishes within the state. From 30 November 2015, the government no longer referenced counties and parishes in land information systems however the Museum of Lands, Mapping and Surveying retains a record for historical purposes.
## Land districts {#land_districts}
Queensland was divided into districts in the mid-nineteenth century. The districts still exist today, forming the top level of Queensland\'s land titles system.
- Burke (named after Burke and Wills)
- Cook
- Darling Downs
- Leichhardt
- Maranoa
- Mitchell
- Moreton
- North Gregory
- North Kennedy
- Port Curtis
- South Gregory
- South Kennedy
- Warrego
- Wide Bay/Burnett
## 19th century counties {#th_century_counties}
There were 109 counties in Queensland by the late nineteenth century, before they were subdivided into the current 322 counties. All of these original counties continue to exist but many are smaller than they were in the nineteenth century, with many new counties added. For the counties which were subdivided in 1901, the original county remains, usually around the largest town in the area, but smaller than before. For instance the nineteenth century county of Beaconsfield was based around Cloncurry; Cloncurry is still in Beaconsfield, but the county is much smaller, with new counties such as Argylla, Sellwyn and Alison surrounding it.
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# Lands administrative divisions of Queensland
## List of counties by district {#list_of_counties_by_district}
### Moreton, Darling Downs and Wide Bay/Burnett Districts {#moreton_darling_downs_and_wide_bayburnett_districts}
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| County | District | Major towns |
+===========+==================+=================================================+
| Aubigny | Darling Downs | **Toowoomba**, Dalby |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Auburn | Darling Downs | |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Bentinck | Darling Downs | Stanthorpe |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Boondooma | Wide Bay/Burnett | |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Bowen | Wide Bay/Burnett | Gin Gin |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Bulwer | Darling Downs | Miles |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Canning | Moreton | **Caboolture**, **Sunshine Coast** |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Carnarvon | Darling Downs | |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Cavendish | Moreton | Esk, Kingaroy |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Churchill | Moreton | Gatton |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Clive | Darling Downs | Texas |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Cook | Wide Bay/Burnett | **Bundaberg** |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Derby | Darling Downs | Millmerran |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Fitzroy | Wide Bay/Burnett | Nanango |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Fraser | Wide Bay/Burnett | Fraser Island |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Lennox | Wide Bay/Burnett | Kilkivan |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Lytton | Darling Downs | Chinchilla |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Mackenzie | Wide Bay/Burnett | Gayndah, Mundubbera |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| March | Wide Bay/Burnett | Gympie, **Hervey Bay**,\ |
| | | Maryborough, **Noosa** |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Marsh | Darling Downs | Goondiwindi |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Merivale | Darling Downs | Warwick |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Newcastle | Wide Bay/Burnett | |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Pring | Darling Downs | |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Rawbelle | Wide Bay/Burnett | Monto |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Rogers | Darling Downs | Condamine |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Stanley | Moreton | **Brisbane**, **Ipswich**, **Logan**, Redcliffe |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Ward | Moreton | **Gold Coast** |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Wicklow | Wide Bay/Burnett | |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Yarrol | Wide Bay/Burnett | Eidsvold |
+-----------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
### Burke District {#burke_district}
- Albion
- Allison
- Argylla
- Beaconsfield (including Cloncurry)
- Brahe
- Buller
- Burke
- Canobie
- Carpentaria
- Chudleigh
- Douglas
- Dutton
- Eddington
- Esmeralda
- Fielding
- Glenora
- Granada
- Gregory
- Howitt
- Iffley
- Kamileroi
- Lamington
- Landsborough
- Manfred
- Morstone
- Mueller
- Nash
- Nicholson
- Norman (including Normanton)
- Oaklands
- Parker
- Philp
- Porchester
- Richmond
- Rochedale (including Mount Isa)
- Rupert
- Savannah
- Saxby
- Selwyn
- Stokes
- Surrey
- Talawanta
- Taldora
- Tewinga
- Toorak
- Undilla
- Wellesley (Wellesley Islands)
- Wentworth
- Wondoola
- Wongalee
- Wonomo
- Woolgar
- Yappar
### Cook District {#cook_district}
- Archer
- Balurga
- Banks (including Cooktown)
- Bolwarra
- Byerley
- Chelmsford
- Coen
- Cootah
- Copperfield
- Dagmar
- Dulhunty
- Dunbar
- Etheridge
- Franklin
- Gilbert (including Georgetown)
- Gould
- Hann
- Hodgkinson
- Jardine
- Kalkah
- Kendall
- King
- Koolatah
- Lang
- Linasleigh
- Lukin
- Lynd
- Lyndhurst
- Maramie
- Marga
- Melville
- Mosman
- Nares (including Cairns)
- Pera
- Percy
- Shelburne
- Sidmouth
- Solander
- Somerset
- Strathleven
- Strathmore
- Tate
- Torres (Torres Strait Islands)
- Victor
- Walsh
- Warner
- Weipa
- Weymouth
- Wrotham
- Yagoonya
- York
### Leichhardt District {#leichhardt_district}
- Aberdeen
- Bauhinia
- Cairns
- Clermont
- Consuelo
- Dawson
- Denison
- Ferguson
- Fortescue
- Humboldt
- Killarney
- Kimberley
- Labouchere
- Leura
- Plantagenet
- Roper
- Talbot
- Tingarra
- Westgrove
- Wodehouse
- Wooroora
### Maranoa District {#maranoa_district}
- Belmore
- Bundara
- Cogoon
- Dublin
- Elgin
- Kennedy
- Maranoa
- Mungallala
- Nebine
- Tomoo
- Waldegrave (including Roma)
- Warrong
### Mitchell District {#mitchell_district}
- Barcoo
- Cassillis
- Cheviot
- Coorajah
- Coreena
- Cumberland
- Evora
- Fermoy
- Gayundah
- Maneroo
- Mexico
- Mitchell
- Musgrave
- Paluma
- Portland (including Longreach)
- Rodney (including Barcaldine and Aramac)
- Ruthven
- Tambo
- Towerhill
- Uanda
- Ularunda
- Vergemont
- Walker
- Warbreccan
- Windeyer
- Wolseley
- Wooroolah
- Woura
- Youranigh
### North Gregory District {#north_gregory_district}
- Amaroo
- Ayrshire (including Winton)
- Binburie
- Brighton
- Buckingham
- Carrandotta
- Chatsworth
- Currawilla
- Diamantina
- Elderslie
- Eurinye
- Eyre
- Farrar
- Georgina
- Glengyle
- Hamilton
- Kynuna
- Malwa
- Manuka
- Mayne
- Merlin
- Monkira
- Mowarra
- Nyama
- Oondooroo
- Piturie
- Rosebrook
- Sandringham
- Sturt
- Toko
- Warburton
- Waverley
- Wills
- Windsor
- Wokingham
- Woodstock
### North Kennedy District {#north_kennedy_district}
- Cardwell (including Hinchinbrook Island)
- Clarke
- Dalrymple
- Davenport (including Charters Towers)
- Elphinstone (including Townsville)
- Gladstone
- Griffith
- Gunnawarra
- Herbert (including Bowen and the Whitsunday Islands)
- Murray
- O\'Connell
- Salisbury
- Wairuna
- Wilkie Gray
| 806 |
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| 1 |
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# Lands administrative divisions of Queensland
## List of counties by district {#list_of_counties_by_district}
### Port Curtis District {#port_curtis_district}
- Clinton (including Gladstone)
- Deas Thompson
- Flinders
- Liebig
- Livingstone (including Rockhampton)
- Murchison
- Pakington
- Palmerston
- Pelham
- Raglan
### South Gregory District {#south_gregory_district}
- Abbotsford
- Bulgroo
- Burarie
- Cameron
- Carruthers
- Conbar
- Cooper
- Curralle
- Daroo
- Durham
- Durrie
- Gordon
- Grey
- Haddon
- Kyabra
- Pender
- Rosebery (including Birdsville)
- Tanbar
- Titheroo
- Thunda
- Weramo
- Weringa
- Wilson
- Windula
### South Kennedy District {#south_kennedy_district}
- Albany
- Beaufort
- Bell
- Belyando
- Buckland
- Carlisle (including Mackay)
- Chataway
- Claude
- Dickson
- Drake
- Drummond
- Drury
- Foxton
- Grosvenor
- Hillalong
- Rutledge
- Sellheim
### Warrego District {#warrego_district}
- Bando
- Bulloo
- Burenda
- Burrandilla
- Chesterton
- Glanworth
- Gowan
- Humeburn
- Kungie
- Kyrunda
- Langlo
- McKinlay
- Munga
- Nickavilla
- Nive
- Noorama
- Norley
- Numalla
- Orrery (including Charleville)
- Palmer
- Paroo
- Pitteroo
- Ross
- Titheroo
- Wellington (including Cunnamulla)
- Wyara
## List of counties and number of parishes {#list_of_counties_and_number_of_parishes}
County No
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# Shuntarō Tanikawa
was a Japanese poet and translator. He was considered to be one of the most widely read and highly regarded Japanese poets, both in Japan and abroad. The English translation of his poetry volume *Floating the River in Melancholy*, translated by William I. Elliott and Kazuo Kawamura and illustrated by Yoko Sano, won the American Book Award in 1989.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
thumb\|Tanikawa in the 1950s Tanikawa has written more than 60 books of poetry in addition to translating Charles Schulz\'s *Peanuts* and the Mother Goose rhymes into Japanese. He was nominated for the 2008 Hans Christian Andersen Award for his contributions to children\'s literature. He was awarded Golden Wreath of Struga Poetry Evening in 2022. He also helped translate *Swimmy* by Leo Lionni into Japanese.
Among his contributions to less conventional art genres is Tanikawa\'s open video correspondence with Shūji Terayama (*Video Letter*, 1983). Since the 1970s, Tanikawa also provided short, onomatopoeic verses for picture books he published in collaboration with visual artist Sadamasa Motonaga, whom he had befriended during his residency in New York in 1966, offered by the Japan Society.
He collaborated several times with the lyricist Chris Mosdell, including creating a deck of cards created in the *omikuji* fortune-telling tradition of Shinto shrines, titled The Oracles of Distraction. Tanikawa also co-wrote Kon Ichikawa\'s *Tokyo Olympiad* and wrote the lyrics to the theme song of *Howl\'s Moving Castle (film)*. Together with Jerome Rothenberg and Hiromi Itō, he has participated in collaborative renshi poetry, pioneered by Makoto Ōoka.
The philosopher Tetsuzō Tanikawa was his father. The poet and translator Eriko Kishida was his first wife. The author-illustrator Yōko Sano was his third wife, and illustrated a volume of his poems: *Onna Ni*, translated by William I. Elliott and Kazuo Kawamura (Shueisha, 2012).
Tanikawa died in Tokyo on November 13, 2024, at the age of 92. He was survived by his son, composer Kensaku Tanikawa, and daughter, Shino Tanikawa, and several grandchildren.
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# Shuntarō Tanikawa
## Selected works {#selected_works}
### Poetry (selected) {#poetry_selected}
- *Two Billion Light Years of Solitude* (Sogensha, 1952)
- *Sixty-two Sonnets* (Sogensha, 1953), later published by Kodansha Plus Alpha Bunko
- *On Love* (Tokyo Sogensha, 1955)
- *To You* (Tokyo Sogensha, 1960)
- *21*, (Thought Society, 1962)
- *With silence my companion*
- *Crestfallen*
- *At midnight in the kitchen ...*
- *The day the birds disappeared from the sky*
- *Definitions*
- *Coca-Cola Lessons*
- *A letter*
- *Floating down the river in melancholy*
- *Songs of nonsense*
- *Naked*
- *On giving people poems*
- *The naif*
- *Listening to Mozart*
- *To a woman*
- *Rather than pure white*
- *Minimal*
- *Mickey Mouse by night*
- *A Chagall and a leaf*
- *Me*
- *Kokoro* (Asahi Shimbun Publications, 2013)
- *Ordinary People*
### Novels and drama {#novels_and_drama}
- \"The Rules of Flowers\" Rironsha 1967
- \"Pe (Collection of Short Stories)\" Kodansha Bunko 1982
- \"It\'s Always Now: Drama Collection by Shuntaro Tanikawa\" Yamato Shobo 2009
### Songs for television, radio and film (selected) {#songs_for_television_radio_and_film_selected}
- Astro Boy (composed by Tatsuo Takai) -- Theme song of the anime of the same name
- Big X (Composer: Isao Tomita) -- Theme song of the anime of the same name
- Firebird (composed by Michel Legrand) -- theme song for the movie of the same name
- If it\'s dangerous, it\'ll be money (composed by Harumi Ibe) -- Theme song of the movie of the same name
- Promise of the World (composed by Yumi Kimura) -- Theme song for the movie \"Howl\'s Moving Castle\" Sung by Chieko Baisho
- The Unborn Child (composed by Toru Takemitsu, 1963) -- Theme song for the film \"She and He\" (directed by Susumu Hani, Iwanami Productions)
- KISS AND HUG (Composer: MISIA) -- Theme song for the radio program of the same name
- Our Morning (composed by Hitoshi Komuro) -- Theme song for Nippon Television\'s \"Our Morning\" Sung by Shigeru Matsuzaki
### Translation
- Peanuts
## Awards and nominations {#awards_and_nominations}
- 1962 -- Won the 4th Japan Record Award for Best Lyricist for \"Getsu Ka Sui Moku Kin Do Ni No Uta\"
- 1975 -- Received the Japan Translation Culture Award for \"Mother Goose Songs\"
- 1983 -- Yomiuri Literature Prize for \"Daily Maps\"
- 1985 -- Received the Hanatsubaki Prize for Contemporary Poetry for \"Yoshinashi Uta\"
- 1988 -- Noma Children\'s Literature Prize for \"Hadaka: A Collection of Poems by Shuntaro Tanikawa\" and Shogakukan Literature Prize for \"First Grader\"
- 1992 -- Maruyama Yutaka Memorial Contemporary Poetry Award for \"Woman\"
- 1993 -- Received the Hagiwara Sakutaro Prize for \"Sekenshirazu\"
- 1996 -- Asahi Prize
- 2005 -- Japan Cultural Design Award
- 2006 -- Mainichi Art Award for \"Chagall and the Leaves\"
- 2008 -- Received the Poetry and Literature Museum Award for \"I\"
- 2010 -- Received the Nobuo Ayukawa Award for \"Tromso Collage\"
- 2011 -- Won the Zhongkun International Poetry Award, China\'s highest private award for poetry .
- 2016 -- Received the Miyoshi Tatsuji Award for \"On Poetry\"
- 2019 -- The Japan Foundation Awards
- 2022 -- Winner of the Gold Award at the Struga Poetry Evening
- 2023 -- The 75th NHK Broadcasting Culture Awards
In 1982, Tanikawa declined the 32nd Minister of Education\'s Art Encouragement Prize
| 556 |
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# Buch am Buchrain
**Buch am Buchrain** is a municipality in the district of Erding in Bavaria in Germany
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Buch am Buchrain
| 0 |
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# Prva banka Crne Gore
**Prva banka Crne Gore AD** is a Montenegrin bank. Formerly known as **Nikšićka banka AD**, the bank was renamed in March 2007. Prva banka CG assumes continuity from a bank, existing under various forms of ownership, that was founded in 1901.
## History
In 1901, Niksic Saving Bank became the first bank in Montenegro. Its name is derived from the city where it was founded. Beginning a more progressive society in the city was also driving business growth. The founding of the Montenegrin brewery \"Onogost\" in 1896, and the First Niksic Saving Bank in 1901, also meant the beginnings of industrial and banking capital. This was a key moment in the further development of Niksic industry and society.
The promoter of the First Niksic Saving Bank (originally called First Niksic Money Cooperative) was Joco Petrovic, a renowned finance expert. At the incorporation general meeting on 6 January 1901, an interim board of directors included traders, craftsmen, and aristocrats, voted in favour of a document titled \"Saving Bank Rules\". On 5 March 1901, King Nikola I Petrovic gave his official support to the newly founded First Niksic Saving Bank, and the president of the State Council at the time, Bozo Petrovic, endorsed the saving bank rules.
In 1908, the Saving Bank opened new branches in Velimlje and Savnik, and after the Balkan Wars in 1912-1913 it opened another in Pljevlja. However, its success was somewhat disturbed by the state\'s decision to protect the indebted population during the war with the Law on Extending Loan Terms for Citizens.
On 2 March 1914, Saving Bank changed its name to Niksic Credit Bank, but operated under this name only very briefly, until the First World War began later the same year. Niksic Credit Bank resumed operations in 1923 when political and social tensions and currency fluctuations had diminished. After it again suspended operations during the Second World War, it continued its banking activity late towards the end of 1944, within the system of the National Bank of Yugoslavia.
With the separation between the National Bank of Yugoslavia and the National Accounting Service, a new saving bank was formed in Niksic. To support the regional development in Montenegro, in 1961 Communal Bank for Niksic, Savnik and Pluzine was formed. After its transformation, in 1966 the bank existed under a new name: Commercial Bank of Niksic.
In 1967, Montenegro's banking system was integrated into the Investment Bank of Titograd. The Commercial Bank of Niksic became a branch of the new system and maintained that status until 1978. In the same year, in line with the new transformation of the banking system, Niksic Bank was formed, still within the Investment Bank of Titograd, as the main bank in Montenegro. Niksic Bank had significant independence: it constituted its corporate governance and played an important part in investment and other activities of the regional industry.
In 1990, once again, there was a consolidation of almost all banks in Montenegro into a united system, Montenegrobanka Titograd. At that point, Niksic Bank lost its independence, although it kept the main branch status. In that period, the absence of active support for regional development was a result of moving the financial decision-making elsewhere. This also stopped the further growth of the bank.
After a long transformation of the banking system, on 28 February 1992, at the bank's general meeting a decision was made to leave the Montenegrobanka system and operate independently under the name Niksic Bank dd Niksic. In June 1995, its founders and shareholders transformed it into Niksic Bank ad Niksic, owned by its shareholders.
This name associated the bank with its local origins and character, and in 2007 a complete change in its visual identity took place. The bank became Prva Banka Crne Gore (First Bank of Montenegro) -- founded in 1901. With these changes, the intention was to maintain the bank\'s tradition, but also promote its activities in all parts of Montenegro. In addition, the bank's headquarters moved to a new location in Podgorica.
## Controversies
It is alleged that the privatization of the bank in 2007 gave the family and friends of the Prime Minister of Montenegro, Milo Đukanović, a controlling interest on favorable terms. In 2008 the bank, on the verge of collapse, received a €44 million state-funded bailout. A classified audit conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers in late 2009 and early 2010 showed mismanagement of the bank
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