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# Hanyang 88
## Design
The Hanyang 88 was essentially a copy of the Gewehr 88, with a few minor differences taken from the Mannlicher M1904, including the absence of the barrel shroud, and an extension of the bayonet. It was a bolt-action rifle that cocked on opening, and its Mannlicher-style magazine could hold 5 7.92×57mm Mauser rounds. The magazine was loaded by using a 5-round en-bloc clip. When the last round was chambered, the clip would fall out of the magazine via a hole in the bottom. It can also be equipped with a bayonet.
The main advantage of this kind of loading mechanism was that it allowed the user to reload very quickly. The disadvantages, however, were that the hole in the magazine could allow dirt to get in, thus possibly causing reliability issues.
In 1904, the rifle\'s design was changed to remove the barrel shroud and more wood placed on it to protect the person\'s hands from being burned. Other changes included the rear sight based on the Kar98.
Although the 5-round en-bloc clips of Hanyang 88 can accept the new round, mass conversion of Hanyang 88 to accept the spitzer bullet, despite having been planned, did not take place.
The Hanyang 88 also had a carbine variant, which was shorter and lighter, albeit with inferior accuracy and range, similarly to the Gewehr 1891 carbine and a short rifle variant.
### Performance
The Hanyang 88 was originally chambered for the German round-nose 7.92×57mm I round. By World War I, this round had already become obsolete. Nevertheless, it was the most numerous rifle used by the Chinese National Revolutionary Army in their engagements with the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
## Users
- : Used by the Afghan mujahideen
- : Known to be used in the Boxer Rebellion.
- : Used by various Warlords and the NRA.
- : Used by the PLA before they were phased out.
- : Some used by second line units.
- Some Hanyang 88s used by Collaborationist Chinese Army forces.
- : Used by second-line units of the Manchukuo Imperial Army
- : Some supplied covertly to Viet Minh forces
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# Neverwhere (novel)
***Neverwhere*** is the companion novelisation written by English author Neil Gaiman of the television serial *Neverwhere*, written by Gaiman and devised by Lenny Henry. The plot and characters are exactly the same as in the series, with the exception that the novel form allowed Gaiman to expand and elaborate on certain elements of the story and restore changes made in the televised version from his original plans. Most notable is the appearance of the Floating Market at Harrods (in the novel) rather than under Battersea power station (the TV series). This is because the management of Harrods changed their minds about proposed filming. The novel was originally released by BBC Books in 1996, three episodes into the television series run. It was accompanied by a spoken word CD and cassette release, also by the BBC.
The novel enjoyed great success, whereas its television roots did not receive as much international exposure as the novel. In addition to being translated into various languages, it was also re-published as an \"Author\'s Preferred Text\" version (a combination of the international and original English version, with additional scenes re-inserted by Gaiman) alongside *American Gods* in 2006. The original BBC Books version had a cover by longtime Gaiman collaborator Dave McKean, taken from the bird\'s head rings, flaming fist and London Underground styled graphics created by McKean for the series, as well as a brief section by Gaiman on the making of the series.
## Plot
*Neverwhere* is the story of Richard Mayhew and his trials and tribulations in London. At the start of the story, he is a young businessman, recently moved from Scotland and with a normal life ahead. This breaks, however, when he stops to help a mysterious young girl who appears before him, bleeding and weakened, as he walks with his fiancée to dinner to meet her influential boss.
The morning after Richard rescues the girl, named Door, from the streets, she is greatly recovered and sends him to find the Marquis de Carabas, a man who will be able to help Door escape two infamous (and seemingly inhuman) assassins, the Messrs Croup and Vandemar. Richard brings the Marquis back to his apartment to meet Door, only to see both of them vanish immediately. Soon after, Richard begins to realise the consequences of his actions. He appears to have become invisible; he loses his job, where no one seems to recognise him, and his apartment is rented out to other people. His fiancée no longer recognizes him either.
Determined to set things right, Richard tries to enter the world of London Below in search of Door. He finds a tramp from Below, who is the only person able to see him, and recites the name of the Floating Market as the only place known to him in underworld. The tramp brings Richard to the realm of the Rat-Speakers, who worship and perform tasks for rats. They attempt to assault and rob Richard, but follow orders from the master rat and let him free. He then travels across the mysterious Knight\'s Bridge, whose darkness takes Richard\'s Rat-Speaker guide, Anaesthesia. Eventually he arrives at the Floating Market, where he meets again with Door, who is holding an audition for bodyguards. Going to the Market, a giant bazaar where people barter for all manner of junk and magical items, Richard realises that London Below is not such a bad place.
The legendary bodyguard and fighter Hunter joins Richard, Door and the Marquis and the party set out for the Earl\'s Court. Door and the Marquis have previously travelled to Door\'s home and discovered a diary entry made by Door\'s father, which advises her to seek aid from the angel Islington. When the four reach the Earl\'s Court, on a mysterious underground train which follows its own bizarre schedule, the Marquis is forced to leave. This is due to an old grudge between himself and the Earl. The rest discover that they need to travel through the relic Angelus to reach Islington, and that the Angelus resides in the British Museum.
Door and Richard travel to the Museum, while Hunter, due to a curse which prevents her from entering London Above, remains in the abandoned British Museum underground station. After some searching they find the Angelus, which Door \"opens\" using her family\'s Talent, and travel through it to the underground home of the angel. Islington explains that its position as protector of London Below is a punishment for the submersion of Atlantis, which had also been also under its care, and tells Door that it will help her learn the identity of those who killed her family, for a price. She and her company must retrieve a unique key from the Black Friars and bring it to the angel.
The two return to the Museum and go below to reunite with Hunter. In the meantime, the Marquis seeks out Croup and Vandemar, exchanging a priceless Tang dynasty figurine for information regarding who ordered the murder of Door\'s family. The true price for this information, however, is his life; Croup and Vandemar capture, torture, and kill him, breaking the one-hour \"head start\" agreement that was part of their deal with the Marquis.
Door, Richard, and Hunter proceed onward to the dwelling of the Black Friars. There, they are faced with a series of three ordeals; Hunter wins a test of strength, Door wins a test of intellect, and Richard, alone in history, wins a test of character. He is nearly convinced that his adventures Below have all been a hallucination, but a trinket from his now-dead friend Anaesthesia re-orients him. As a result, the three succeed in gaining the key. Richard\'s ordeal greatly changes him, causing him to lose most of his self-doubts; he is now confident enough to interact with other beings of London Below. The three then travel to the Floating Market, where Richard and Hunter seek the Marquis without success. While they are gone Door secretly commissions a copy of the Black Friars\' key from Hammersmith, a blacksmith friend of hers. Richard enlists the mysterious Lamia, one of the vampire-like Velvets, as a guide to lead them to the angel\'s residence.
They travel on London Below\'s Down Street, toward Islington. Door, Richard, Lamia, and Hunter make their way down the long path of Down Street. Meanwhile, the Marquis\'s body is found for sale at the same Floating Market and subsequently revived by Old Bailey, who uses the box containing the Marquis\'s life. Weakened, the Marquis sets out himself, following Door and company. On Down Street, it is discovered that Lamia was a dangerous choice for a guide, because the price she demands of Richard for her services is higher than he can pay and yet live, but the Marquis appears in time to save him.
Hunter reveals she has long been a traitor to Door\'s cause. She gives Door to Croup and Vandemar, in exchange for the magical spear she needs to hunt and slay the great Beast of London. Croup and Vandemar, with Door captive, travel downward, while Richard, the Marquis, and Hunter travel at a slower pace, all toward the great labyrinth through which they need to pass to reach Islington. In this labyrinth the Beast of London dwells. Hunter and Richard battle it, with Richard being the only survivor. Richard and the Marquis rush ahead, to the final confrontation between the parties, in which Islington\'s true nature is revealed. Islington is revealed to have ordered Croup and Vandemar to execute Door\'s family as revenge for Door\'s father\'s refusal to assist it. Croup and Vandemar also reveals that they had manipulated her father\'s diary in order to lure her to Islington. Islington wishes to use Door and the key to force open the door to Heaven, where it seeks dominion over all the other angels as revenge for its banishment. After Richard is tortured by Croup and Vandemar, Door agrees to open the door, but she uses Hammersmith\'s copy instead of the genuine key, which doesn\'t open the door to Heaven, but leads instead to somewhere else, as far away as she could imagine, presumably to Hell. Islington, Croup and Vandemar are all sucked through the gateway before Door closes it. Door then uses the Black Friars\' real key to allow Richard to travel back to London Above, where he finds himself restored to his normal life as it was before he first met Door.
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# Neverwhere (novel)
## Plot
After returning home, Richard is happy for a time, but he realises that his experiences have changed him, and that his old life and friends mean little to him now. He realises that he is not satisfied with the regular world, and wants to return to London Below but does not know how to do it. He draws the shape of a door with his knife (a dying gift from Hunter), but nothing happens so he despairs of returning and is feeling that he has ruined his life, but in the end the Marquis appears to provide a way back.
## Adaptations and sequels {#adaptations_and_sequels}
Gaiman hinted at a novella-length sequel in the commentary section of his short story collection *Fragile Things*, published in 2009. The story, titled \"How The Marquis Got His Coat Back\", was at that time said to be \"half-written\". The story was published in the 2014 anthology *Rogues*, edited by George R. R. Martin and is also now included as a coda to current printings and the audiobook of *Neverwhere*.
Gaiman\'s website FAQ states that a novel-length sequel to the book is a possibility; it will most likely be titled *The Seven Sisters*. Aside from an undated statement that \"I don\'t think it\'s the next book I\'ll write\", there is no indication of when the novel may be completed. In February 2017, whilst promoting his newest book, *Norse Mythology* in London, Gaiman confirmed to applause from the audience that he was three chapters into writing *The Seven Sisters*.
A nine-issue comic book limited series began in June 2005, written by Mike Carey (of the Vertigo Comics series *Lucifer)*, with art by Glenn Fabry.
An all-star radio adaptation was broadcast 16--22 March 2013, commissioned by BBC Radio 4 and BBC Radio 4 Extra. Comments by critics were extremely favourable.
In 2017, HarperAudio, an imprint of HarperCollins, released an audiobook of the novel, narrated by Gaiman
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# Rupture field
In abstract algebra, a **rupture field** of a polynomial $P(X)$ over a given field $K$ is a field extension of $K$ generated by a root $a$ of $P(X)$.
For instance, if $K=\mathbb Q$ and $P(X)=X^3-2$ then $\mathbb Q[\sqrt[3]2]$ is a rupture field for $P(X)$.
The notion is interesting mainly if $P(X)$ is irreducible over $K$. In that case, all rupture fields of $P(X)$ over $K$ are isomorphic, non-canonically, to $K_P=K[X]/(P(X))$: if $L=K[a]$ where $a$ is a root of $P(X)$, then the ring homomorphism $f$ defined by $f(k)=k$ for all $k\in K$ and $f(X\mod P)=a$ is an isomorphism. Also, in this case the degree of the extension equals the degree of $P$.
A rupture field of a polynomial does not necessarily contain all the roots of that polynomial: in the above example the field $\mathbb Q[\sqrt[3]2]$ does not contain the other two (complex) roots of $P(X)$ (namely $\omega\sqrt[3]2$ and $\omega^2\sqrt[3]2$ where $\omega$ is a primitive cube root of unity). For a field containing all the roots of a polynomial, see Splitting field.
## Examples
A rupture field of $X^2+1$ over $\mathbb R$ is $\mathbb C$. It is also a splitting field.
The rupture field of $X^2+1$ over $\mathbb F_3$ is $\mathbb F_9$ since there is no element of $\mathbb F_3$ which squares to $-1$ (and all quadratic extensions of $\mathbb F_3$ are isomorphic to $\mathbb F_9$)
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# Holyoake
**Holyoake** is a surname
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# Glasses (Who Needs 'Em?)
***Glasses (Who Needs \'Em?)*** is a children\'s picture book written and illustrated by Lane Smith. It was originally released in 1991 by Viking Books. The book received favorable reviews.
## Plot
A boy is unhappy about having to wear glasses until his doctor provides an imaginative list of well adjusted eyeglass wearers
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# Hollioake
**Hollioake** is a surname
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# 1990 European Cup final
The **1990 European Cup final** was a football match between AC Milan of Italy and Benfica of Portugal, played on 23 May 1990 at the Praterstadion in Vienna, Austria. The winning goal came in the 68th minute for Milan, when Frank Rijkaard ran through the opposing defence and scored the only goal of the match.
Milan were the last club until Real Madrid in 2017 to successfully defend their title.
## Route to the final {#route_to_the_final}
Milan
--------------- ---------- ----------
Opponent Agg
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# Liapades
**Liapades** (Greek: Λιαπάδες) is a medium-sized village located on the northwest side of Corfu, 3 km away from Palaiokastritsa. It has a quiet, agriculture-based economy during the winter. In the summer, the local industry mostly relies on the tourist trade, although the place is by no means mainstream. Liapades is situated on the sides of Kourkouli mountain, and spread right up to the North Valley (Πάνω Λιβάδι in Greek).
## Settlements
- Liapades
- Gefyra
## Population
Year Settlement population Community population
------ ----------------------- ----------------------
1981 1,032 \-
1991 1,046 \-
2001 958 1,037
2011 879 931
2021 916 938
## Churches in Liapades {#churches_in_liapades}
There are two main Orthodox churches in the village, one in the main square (St. Anastasia/Αγία Αναστασία in Greek) and one near the village\'s elementary school (St. Thecla/Αγία Θέκλη). Υπάρχει ακόμη, ο Άγιος Νικόλαος, Η Παναγία Οδηγήτρια, οι Άγιοι Θεόδωροι και η Αγία Αναστασία η Ρωμαία.
## Beaches in/near Liapades {#beaches_innear_liapades}
The village\'s main beach (i.e. the one that\'s reached by the main road) is called Giofyra (Γιόφυρα, meaning Bridge in Greek), but there are other beaches that can be reached through pathways, sometimes through dense vegetation. Some of the most popular ones are Rovinia beach, Chomi beach (can only be reached by sea, there are organised trips from nearby beaches), Liniodoro beach (Λινιόδωρο, roughly translates as \"Gift from the Sun\" = Ηλίου δώρον (*Heliou doron*, *Iliou doron*), ancient Greek), Limni beach and the renowned Palaiokastritsa beach, featuring a sandy beach and turquoise waters (usually too cold to swim in, due to the strong currents of the Adriatic Sea).
There is an ongoing research about the village\'s history in the past 50 years, containing various anecdotes and information, which will be published within the year
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# The Big Pets
***The Big Pets*** is a children\'s picture book written and illustrated by Lane Smith. It was originally published in 1991 by Viking Books.
## Plot
Lane Smith\'s pictures depict a dreamscape where gigantic pets frolic with their small young owners in a succession of fantasy environments.
## Award
This book received a Golden Apple of Bratislava
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# Sino-Caribbean relations
China plays an increasing important role of economic and developmental importance in the region and the relations with China have increased steadily over time. The Caribbean\'s relations with China, are largely defined as either: the People\'s Republic of China (PRC; \"China\") or the Republic of China (ROC; \"Taiwan\"). As of `{{currentyear}}`{=mediawiki}, nine states in the Caribbean recognized the PRC and four recognized the ROC.
Historically, relations were mostly based upon trade, credits, and light investments, which have increased significantly since the 1990s. For many Caribbean nations, the increasing ties with China have been used as a way to decrease long time over-dependence on western developed nations, and as a move towards South-South cooperation alongside deepening of relations with neighbouring Latin America and Africa.
The Overseas Chinese population, in this case Chinese Caribbeans, have been resident in the Caribbean region for centuries and have helped to make importaint contributions with cultural, trade, and political links in the region. For example, Sir Solomon Hochoy of Trinidad and Tobago and Arthur Chung of Guyana were among the first of ethnic Chinese ancestry to lead countries in the Americas. In more modern times China and Taiwan have also expanded several levels of cooperation with the Caribbean nations.
China and the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago were said to have formed an agreement where asphalt from Trinidad and Tobago would be exported to China during its construction boom in preparation for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. In exchange, China has led several construction projects in Trinidad and Tobago and the Caribbean region via Chinese owned construction companies. Trinidad and Tobago has also`{{clarify|date=October 2012}}`{=mediawiki} mooted the idea of starting direct shipments of oil and liquid natural gas direct from Trinidad and Tobago to China, to fuel the later\'s growing need for resources to fuel their economy.
As the Caribbean political heads of government have had several messy run-ins with the Bush administration in the United States with respect to recent demands, China has been more sympathetic to the Caribbean position globally and has stepped up military training exercises in the Caribbean for example in direct response to several sanctions placed on governments in the Caribbean region for not following the wishes of the Bush administration.
Several capital-works or infrastructural projects across the Caribbean region have also been financed or extended full grants by the Chinese government.
## Visa free travel {#visa_free_travel}
In recent years both China and Taiwan have signed a collection of short-term bilateral reciprocal visa-free travel agreements along with nations in the Caribbean region
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# Greg Larson
**Gregory Kenneth Larson** (November 15, 1939 -- June 20, 2024) was an American professional football player who was a center in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants. He played college football for the Minnesota Golden Gophers and was selected in the sixth round of the 1961 NFL draft. Larson was also selected in the eleventh round of the 1961 AFL Draft by the San Diego Chargers.
A three-year letterman, he was a team captain and All-Big Ten selection when the Golden Gophers won the national championship in 1960. He was inducted into the university\'s M Club Hall of Fame in 2010.
Larson announced his retirement as an active player on May 17, 1974, after 13 seasons as the Giants\' starting center. He played in 179 games which at the time was second in team history to Joe Morrison. He missed only three games despite seven football-related operations, including two on each knee.
Larson died in Plymouth, Minnesota on June 20, 2024, at the age of 84
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# Manoharabad
**Manoharabad** is a Mandal of the Medak district, Telangana, India. its erstwhile name was YENNELLI-Harishankergoud Ramunigari also generally called as Manoharabad Station. it also coincides with the Name of Manoharabad a village in Jakranpally Mandal of Nizamabad district in Telangana.
## Economy
ITC Limited opened a manufacturing facility in Manoharabad in 2023.
## Transport
National Highway 44 passes through this town.
### Rail
Manoharabad has an existing railway station with code (MOB) and is an important part of the new Kothapalli-Manoharabad line connecting various districts and towns such as Karimnagar, Sircilla, Siddipet, Gajwel, etc to Hyderabad. The line is estimated to be completed in 2025.
The Manoharabad - Siddipet portion of the line was inaugurated on 3 October, 2023 with a regular Secunderabad-Siddipet DEMU train service
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# PCDATA
**Parsed Character Data** (**PCDATA**) is a data definition that originated in Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), and is used also in Extensible Markup Language (XML) Document Type Definition (DTD) to designate mixed content XML elements.
## Example
The following sender-element could be part of an XML-document:
``` xml
<sender>Anton Smith</sender>
```
The string \"Anton Smith\" would be considered as *parsed character data*.
When declaring document elements. An element declaration employing the #PCDATA content model value does not allow for child elements
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# Bakshi Tirath Ram Vaid
Sardar Bahadur Risaldar Major and Honorary Captain **Bakshi Tirath Ram Vaid**, `{{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100|sep=,|OBI|IOM}}`{=mediawiki} (1857--1924), also known as **Tirath Ram**, was a decorated soldier of the British Indian Army.
Vaid enlisted in the ranks of the Queen\'s Own Corps of Guides on 1 May 1876.
As a ressaidar with the Queen\'s Own Corps of Guides cavalry, Vaid was awarded the Indian Order of Merit, Third Class for gallantry displayed at the Siege of Malakand in 1897, where he fought against a much larger force of Afghan tribesmen. He was also rewarded with large tracts of agricultural land in District Lyallpur for his contributions.
Vaid was decorated with the Order of British India, Second Class, with the title of Bahadur on 24 September 1904. He retired from the Indian Army and was appointed honorary captain on 1 February 1909
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# Michael Thomas Ford
**Michael Thomas Ford** (born October 1, 1968) is an American author of primarily gay-themed literature. He is best known for his \"My Queer Life\" series of comedic essay collections and for his award-winning novels *Last Summer*, *Looking for It*, *Full Circle*, *Changing Tides,* and *What We Remember*.
Michael Thomas Ford is the author of more than fifty books for both young readers and adults. He is best known for his best-selling novels *Last Summer*, *Looking for It*, and *Full Circle* and for his five essay collections in the \"Trials of My Queer Life\" series. His work has been nominated for eleven Lambda Literary Awards, twice winning for Best Humor Book and twice for Best Romance Novel. He was also nominated for a Horror Writers Association Bram Stoker Award (for his novel *The Dollhouse That Time Forgot*) and a Gaylactic Spectrum Award (for his short story \"Night of the Were Puss\").
## Career
### 1990s
Ford began his writing career in 1992 with the publication of *100 Questions & Answers about AIDS: What You Need to Know Now* (Macmillan), one of the first books about the AIDS crisis for young adults. Named an American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults, the book became a widely used resource in HIV education programs for young people and was translated into more than a dozen languages.
The follow-up to that book, *The Voices of AIDS* (William Morrow, 1995), was a collection of interviews with people whose lives have been affected by the AIDS crisis.
Ford\'s next book, 1996\'s *The World Out There: Becoming Part of the Lesbian and Gay Community* (The New Press), was a handbook for people coming out and wanting to know what it means to be part of the queer world. It earned him his first Lambda Literary Award nomination in the YA category.
1998 saw the release of two books, the first being *Out Spoken* (William Morrow), a collection of interviews with gay and lesbian people that was again aimed at young adults. Ford\'s second book to come out that year was *Alec Baldwin Doesn\'t Love Me* (Alyson Books), the first of what has come to be known as the \"Trials of My Queer Life\" series. The book received a Lambda Literary Award for Best Humor Book, winning out over titles by lesbian comic Kate Clinton, columnist Dan Savage, and cartoonist Alison Bechdel.
In 1998 he began recording his weekly radio show for the Gay BC Radio Network.
### 2000s {#s_1}
The third in the \"Trials of My Queer Life\" series, *It\'s Not Mean If It\'s True* (Alyson Books), was published in 2000. It was a bestseller, and Ford was once again nominated for a Lambda Literary Award for best humor book but did not win.
Also coming out in 2000 were two other projects. The first was an audio recording. *My Queer Life* (Fluid Words), in which Ford read pieces from his three essay collections. The recording also contained two songs from \"Alec Baldwin Doesn\'t Love Me,\" a musical project for which Ford wrote the lyrics and performed the narration.
In December 2000 Ford released *Paths of Faith: Conversations about Religion and Spirituality* (Simon & Schuster). Written for young adults, the book was a collection of interviews with leaders from a range of spiritual traditions and included the last interview given by former Archbishop of New York John Cardinal O\'Connor.
*This Queer Life*, a stage production written by Ford premiered at the Loring Playhouse in Minneapolis in 2002.
## Works
### Adult Novels {#adult_novels}
- *Last Summer* (2003), Kensington Books
- *Looking For It* (2004), Kensington Books
- *Full Circle* (2006)
- *Changing Tides* (2007)
- *Jane Bites Back* (2009), Ballantine
- *What We Remember* (2009), Kensington Books
- *The Road Home* (2010), Kensington Books
### Novellas and Short Stories {#novellas_and_short_stories}
- \"Night of the Werepussy\" (2002), included in *Queer Fear II*
- *Sting* (2003), included in the book *Masters of Midnight*
- *Midnight Thirsts* (2004), Kensington Books
### Young Adult Novels {#young_adult_novels}
- *Suicide Notes* (2008), HarperCollins
- \"Every Star That Falls\" (2023), Sequel to Suicide Notes
### Nonfiction
- *100 Questions & Answers about AIDS: What You Need to Know Now* (1992), Macmillan
- *The Voices of AIDS* (1995), William Morrow
- *The World Out There: Becoming Part of the Lesbian and Gay Community* (1996), The New Press
- *Out Spoken* (1998), William Morrow
- *Paths of Faith: Conversations about Religion and Spirituality* (2000), Simon & Schuster
- *Ultimate Gay Sex* (2004)
- *The Path of the Green Man: Gay Men, Wicca, and Living a Magical Life* (2005), Citadel Press
### Collections and Essays {#collections_and_essays}
- *Alec Baldwin Doesn\'t Love Me* (1998), Alyson Books
- *That\'s Mr. Faggot to You* (1999), Alyson Books
- *It\'s Not Mean If It\'s True* (2000), Alyson Books
- *The Little Book of Neuroses* (2001)
- *My Big, Fat, Queer Life* (2003)
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# Michael Thomas Ford
## Awards
- *The Voices of AIDS* (1995): National Science Teachers Association-Children\'s Book Council Outstanding Science Trade Book for Children; Booklist magazine Editors\' Choice
- *The World Out There: Becoming Part of the Lesbian and Gay Community* (1996): Firecracker Alternative Book Award nomination
- *Out Spoken* (1998): National Council of Social Studies-Children\'s Book Council Notable Children\'s Book in the field of Social Studies; Booklist magazine \"Top of the List\" selection
- *Paths of Faith: Conversations about Religion and Spirituality* (2000): Booklist magazine Top 10 Religion Book of the Year; Booklist Editors\' Choice \"Top of the List\" selection for YA Nonfiction; New York Public Library Book for the Teen Age.
- \"Night of the Werepussy\" (2002), was nominated for a Gaylactic Spectrum Award for best short fiction.
### American Library Association Best Book for Young Adults {#american_library_association_best_book_for_young_adults}
- *100 Questions & Answers about AIDS: What You Need to Know Now* (won, 1992)
- *The Voices of AIDS* (won, 1995)
### Lambda Literary Award {#lambda_literary_award}
- *The World Out There: Becoming Part of the Lesbian and Gay Community* (nominated for the Young Adult category,, 1996)
- *Alec Baldwin Doesn\'t Love Me* (won Best Humor, 1998)
- *Out Spoken* (nominated for the Young Adult category, 1998)
- *That\'s Mr
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# Akrobatisches Potpourri
***Akrobatisches Potpourri**\'\' (also known as***Gymnastikerfamilie Grunato**\'\') is an 1895 German short black-and-white silent documentary film directed and produced by Max and Emil Skladanowsky and starring the Grunato family. It is one of the first German produced films.
Filmed in the park of the Berlin-Moabit Public Theatre this short film shows the balancing act performance of this family of 8 performers.
It was one of a series of films produced to be projected by a magic lantern and formed part of the Wintergarten Performances, the first projections of film in Europe to a paying audience. The film titles for the initial program were: *Italienischer Bauerntanz*, *Komisches Reck*, *Serpentinen Tanz*, *Der Jongleur Paul Petras*, *Das Boxende Känguruh*, *Akrobatisches Potpourri*, *Kamarinskaja*, *Ringkampf*, and *Apotheose*. Each film lasted approximately six seconds and would be repeated several times
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# Louis Odumegwu Ojukwu
**Sir Louis Phillip Odumegwu Ojukwu, OBE** (1909-- September 1966) was a Nigerian business tycoon from the Ojukwu family of Nwakanwa quarters Obiuno Umudim Nnewi.
Ojukwu was the founder of Ojukwu Transport, Ojukwu Stores and Ojukwu Textiles. At the peak of his success, he was the first and founding president of The Nigerian Stock Exchange, as well as president of The African Continental Bank. He also served on the board of directors of some of Nigeria\'s most profitable companies, such as Shell Nigeria, Guinness Nigeria Limited, Nigerian National Shipping Line, Nigerian Cement Factory, Nigerian Coal Corporation, Costain West Africa Ltd, John Holt plc, Nigerian Marketing Board amongst others. He won a parliamentary seat during the nation\'s first republic.
He attended a primary school in Asaba and the Hope Waddell Training Institute. His son Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu was a Nigerian military governor and the president of the secessionist state of Biafra.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Ojukwu started his professional career at the Agricultural department before leaving to join John Holt as a sales clerk. He also incorporated a textile company in Onitsha to supplement his income during this period. At John Holt, he noticed the severe strain a lack of adequate transportation had on Eastern textile traders. He left to create his own transport company to improve the trading environment for Nigerian traders.
His success was also oiled by the economic boom after World War II, working with the West African Railway Company and the newly inaugurated produce boards, he provided his fleet for commodity transportation and for other traders use. As a transporter he had his own transport company (Ojukwu Transport Limited) which was the first major transport company to move the easterners to Lagos from the Asaba end of the Niger river after they might have crossed over from Onitsha on a boat.
During the 1950s, he diversified his interest, bought some industries, invested heavily in the real estate sector and became a director in numerous major corporations including the state-owned Nigerian National Shipping Line. He was a member of the board of Nigerian Coal Corporation, Shell Oil, D\'Archy, and African Continental Bank.
During the period of pre-independence and in the First Republic, Ojukwu was an active member and a donor to the political party, NCNC. He was a one-time member of the House of Representative. In 1958, he was chairman of the Eastern Region Development Corporation and the Eastern Regional Marketing Board.
On 1 May 1, 1953, he was appointed head of an NCNC peace committee and given power to choose most of the committee\'s members. The committee was charged with the responsibility of restoring peace in the regional House of Assembly. His views on policy were a little bit capitalistic and right of Zik\'s socialist undertones.
He was a co-author of a report on the Economic Mission to Europe and North America with Azikiwe, the report recommended the investment of extra funds from the produce marketing board in a regional bank and public corporations to stimulate economic development.
Throughout the era of the World War and after, the Ojukwu trucks carried goods and raked in income for their owner. At a point, the British had their supplies for the war moved by Louis\'s trucks - a service for which Louis was later rewarded; years later, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II.
As his wealth grew, his influence and clout began to extend beyond the industry. He was active in pre-independence politics and was a donor of the National Council of Nigeria and Cameroons (NCNC), a political party which had Nnamdi Azikiwe as one of its members. At a point, he was elected to the House of Representatives.
## Death
Ojukwu died in 1966, just a year before the Nigerian civil war. His son, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, would later become the leader of the secessionist state of Biafra
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# 1720 in Ireland
Events from the year **1720 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George I
## Events
- March 26 -- the Parliament of Great Britain passes the Dependency of Ireland on Great Britain Act 1719 \[that is, 1719 Old Style, meaning 1720 in New Style dating\], also known as the Declaratory Act 1720, declaring the right of the Parliament of Great Britain to legislate for Ireland and denying the appellate jurisdiction of the Irish House of Lords.
- Dr Steevens\' Hospital is established at Kilmainham, Dublin.
- The Royal Cork Yacht Club is established as the Water Club of the Cork Harbour by William O\'Brien, 4th Earl of Inchiquin; it is widely acknowledged as the world\'s oldest yacht club.
- Jonathan Swift publishes *Proposal for Universal Use of Irish Manufacture*.
## Births
- October 1 -- Hector Theophilus de Cramahé, Lieutenant-Governor of Province of Quebec, and Lieutenant Governor of Detroit (d. 1788 in England)
- October 9 -- Andrew Lewis, pioneer, surveyor and soldier in Virginia (d. 1781)
- October 18 -- Peg Woffington, actress (d. 1760 in England)
Full date unknown
:\*Patrick Browne, physician and botanist (d. 1790)
:\*Ambrose Bernard O\'Higgins, afterwards Ambrosio O\'Higgins, 1st Marquis of Osorno, Spanish colonial administrator (d. 1801 in Peru)
:\*Seamus McMurphy, poet and outlaw (d. 1750)
## Deaths
- May 7 -- James Cotter the Younger, hanged in Cork after a criminal trial, ostensibly for rape, but also connected to his key role in the 1713 Dublin election riot.
- August 18 -- Matthew Aylmer, 1st Baron Aylmer, Admiral of the Royal Navy (b. c
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# Phantom Buzzer Game
The **Phantom Buzzer Game** is the unofficial name of a National Basketball Association game between the Chicago Bulls and Atlanta Hawks on November 6, 1969, at Chicago Stadium. The game was famous for referee Bob Rakel disallowing a game-tying basket because he claimed the buzzer sounded, even though there was one second left on the clock, and also for being the first incident where an official protest was upheld by the NBA.
## The incident and protest {#the_incident_and_protest}
Late in the game with time winding down and Atlanta leading 124--122, the Bulls heaved a desperation shot that bounced off the rim, but Bulls center Tom Boerwinkle tipped it in to tie the game at 124 with one second left. Despite this, Rakel waved off Boerwinkle\'s basket because he claimed he heard the final buzzer go off before it went in.
Bulls coach Dick Motta and GM Pat Williams immediately began protesting to Rakel. Despite both of them pointing right to the clock on the scoreboard, which showed one second left, and timekeeper Jim Serry outright telling Rakel he did not touch the clock or buzzer, and further proving this by flipping the switch to run the clock to zero and allowing the buzzer to sound while the press corps watched him do it, Rakel and partner Jack Madden, who deferred to him despite later admitting he also did not hear the buzzer sound, refused to budge from his ruling and walked off the court declaring the game over and Atlanta the winners.
Afterwards, Williams immediately filed an official protest with the NBA. After sorting through the evidence, commissioner Walter Kennedy upheld the protest. It was the first official protest to be upheld by the NBA, and the only one until 1982.
## Playing it out {#playing_it_out}
The game was ordered to be continued before the Hawks and Bulls\' next scheduled game in Chicago with one second left, the game tied, and Atlanta in possession.
Unfortunately, when the suspended contest resumed, the clock ran to zero without the buzzer sounding, because the timekeeper had forgotten to set it. Despite Motta\'s embarrassment and Hawks coach Richie Guerin\'s mock protests, the officials working that game declared the second had expired and started the overtime period. The Bulls eventually lost the suspended game 142--137
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# Fender Concert
The **Fender Concert** was a guitar amplifier made by Fender Musical Instruments. Its production can be split over 2 phases. The first of these running from 1960 and until approximately 1965, at which time a typical Fender Concert was priced at \$315. During the 1960s, the Concert was for all practical purposes the same amplifier as the Vibrasonic but with four 10\" speakers. In a later phase, the Concert was updated by Paul Rivera in the early 1980s (\"concert\" and \"concert II\") and a subsequent 1x12 variant of the Concert amp appeared briefly in the mid-1990s.
## Phase I: The 1960s {#phase_i_the_1960s}
The Fender Concert has gone through a number of changes over the years, both cosmetically and electronically. The Concert amp was introduced as a replacement for the 4-10 tweed Bassman amplifier. Due to the popularity of the Bassman, both amplifiers were produced concurrently during 1960. Unlike most of the other Professional Series amps however, the Concert (along with Fender Vibrasonic) were not previously offered as tweed-covered models in the 1950s. In late 1959, all of the Professional Series of Amps were debuted at the summer NAMM show. They sported a new light brown Tolex covering, solid state rectifiers (with the exception of the Super Amp), tweed style grill cloth and short-lived metal control knobs (later replaced with the more common brown plastic barrel knobs). In 1961 there was a short run of blond concert amps delivered to Webb music shop in California but the majority were transitioned to standard brown tolex with either maroon/obxlood grill cloth (1961) or the more common yellow or \"wheat\" cloth (1962). By the end of 1963 and into early 1964, the Concert amp transitioned into black tolex with silver grill along with the rest of the Fender Amplifier line. By approximately 1965, Fender decided on the Fender Super Reverb Amp as the only 4--10 model to continue.
Apart from the variations in tolex and grill cloth color, the design of the Concert Amp as it appeared in the first phase (1960s) was largely consistent. The speaker configuration remained 4-10\" speakers usually made by either Jensen or Oxford (for the earlier models) as opposed to Utah or CTS (for the later models). The Concert joined the Fender Twin Amp, and Fender Vibrasonic as the only models with the more robust and expensive \"large-iron\" output transformers. Over this period, the Concert offered vibrato, bass and treble controls delivering approximately 40 watts of power. There is some variation within the circuit itself corresponding with the model updates for the Concert starting with the 5G12 (late 1959, early 1960) and continuing with the 6G12 (in late 1960, early 1961) and the 6G12-A by 1962 into 1963. The next year the Concert transitioned to the blackface circuit, labeled AB763. The most significant of these updates occurred between the 5G12 which had only 5 preamp tubes and the 6G12 which added another tube for a more pronounced vibrato and more clean headroom. Ironically, the earlier distortion point of the 5G12 was seen by the design team as a design flaw but has become desirable over the decades that followed.
## Phase II: The 1980s and 1990s {#phase_ii_the_1980s_and_1990s}
The 1980s version of the Concert is considerably different than its 1960s sibling. Both were hand-wired, but the newer version was designed by Paul Rivera, who Fender hired to redesign a number of amp models during the decade. The new Concert put out 60 watts into a single 12\" speaker, and featured both clean and overdrive channels, a standard channel switch pedal, and traditional tank reverb. The amp was tube (valve, in British English) powered, and featured five 12AX7s (including for gain recovery and reverb). Additionally, two 12AT7s are used for effects loop and the phase inverter and effects loop. Power output is driven through a pair of matched 6L6 power tubes
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# Gemara Williams
**Gemara La\'Juan Williams** (born April 30, 1983) is an American former professional football player who saw action in the NFL and CFL. He was signed by the New England Patriots in 2006 and was later placed on season-ending injury reserve. He saw minimal action in 2007 and 2008 on special teams and defense. Williams known as a speedster for his 4.2 speed, played college football at Buffalo.
Williams also played for the Montreal Alouettes and Edmonton Eskimos.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### New England Patriots {#new_england_patriots}
Williams was signed as an undrafted free agent out of the University at Buffalo after the 2006 NFL draft by the Patriots but was released before training camp. Williams re-signed on August 12, 2006, only to be placed on season-ending injured reserve at the start of the 2006 season. In 2007 Williams was part of the Patriots 18-1 season contributing as a kick returner and nickel back.
### Edmonton Eskimos {#edmonton_eskimos}
After suffering an ACL injury with the Montreal Alouettes, Williams was signed to the Edmonton Eskimos on September 1, 2009 to finish his remaining years with the Eskimos
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# 1797 in Ireland
Events from the year **1797 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George III
## Events
- May -- Henry Grattan retires from the Irish House of Commons.
- Lord Castlereagh is appointed Keeper of the King\'s Signet for Ireland, a Commissioner of the Treasury for Ireland and a Member of the Privy Council of Ireland.
- Royal Black Institution formed from Orangemen as a Protestant loyalist fraternal society.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- William Drennan writes the ballad *The Wake of William Orr*.
## Births
- 24 February -- Samuel Lover, songwriter, novelist and portrait miniaturist (died 1868).
- 2 June -- Joseph Blake, 3rd Baron Wallscourt, socialist (died 1849).
- 20 November -- Tyrone Power, actor, comedian, author and theatrical manager (died 1841).
- John Doyle, artist (died 1868).
- Charles C. Ingham, painter and founder of the National Academy of Design in New York City (died 1863).
- Laurence F. Renehan, priest and historian (died 1857).
## Deaths
- 9 July -- Edmund Burke, statesman, author, orator, political theorist and philosopher (born 1729)
- 11 July -- Charles Macklin, actor and dramatist (born 1690).
- 14 October -- William Orr, member of the United Irishmen, executed (born 1766)
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# Paula (novel)
***Paula*** is a 1994 memoir by Isabel Allende. She intended to write a straightforward narrative about the darkest experience of her own life. But the book is a tribute to her deceased daughter Paula Frías Allende, who fell into a porphyria-induced coma in 1991 and never recovered.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Isabel Allende wrote *Paula* while tending to her daughter, Paula Frías Allende, who was in a coma arising from complications of porphyria. Allende started the book as a letter to Paula, explaining what she was missing so she would not be confused when she recovered. The novel includes accounts both of Paula\'s treatment and of Allende\'s life, sometimes overlapping with the content of Allende\'s first novel, *The House of the Spirits*. Paula died on December 6, 1992. She was survived by her husband, Ernesto Diaz, and other family members.
## Themes and issues {#themes_and_issues}
- In her agonized self-questioning after she finally concedes defeat and surrenders her daughter to death, Isabel strips to her core in the presence of her brother Juan, who has become a priest:
` ``{{quote|'I'm lost, I don't know who I am, I try to remember who I was once but I find only disguises, masks, projections, the confused images of a woman I can't recognize. Am I the feminist I thought I was, or the frivolous girl who appeared on television wearing nothing but ostrich feathers? The obsessive mother, the unfaithful wife, the fearless adventurer, or the cowardly woman? Am I the person who helped political refugees find asylum or the one who ran away because she couldn't handle fear? Too many contradictions ...'
'You're all of them, and also the samurai who is battling death.'
'Was battling, Juan. I've lost.'}}`{=mediawiki}
- In the letter Paula wrote her family on her honeymoon, with the proviso that it was not to be read until after her death, she appears to have foreseen her coma, and her mother\'s refusal to let her die:
` ``{{quote|I do not want to remain trapped in my body. Freed from it, I will be closer to those I love. Please don't be sad, I am still with you, except I am closer than I was before. In another time, we will be reunited in spirit. ... Remember that we spirits can best help, accompany, and protect, those who are happy ..
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# Cyclopropylmescaline
**Cyclopropylmescaline** (**CPM** or **4-cyclopropylmethoxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine**) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. CPM was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book *PiHKAL*, the dosage range is listed as 60--80 mg and the duration listed as 12--18 hours. CPM produces closed-eye imagery, visuals, and fantasies. It also causes enhancement of music. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of CPM. The drug acts as a serotonin 5-HT~2~ receptor agonist
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# Antonio Millo
**Antonio Millo**, also mentioned as **Antonio Milo**, active during 1557--1590, was a captain and cartographer who authored isolarios and portolan charts and atlases.
He was born during the 16th century in the island of Milos, in the Cyclades, which at the time was administered by the Republic of Venice. He lived part of his life in Venice. According to the records of the Greek community of Venice, someone called \"Antonio Damilos\" was married on 10 August 1599.
It has been suggested that Millo learned the art of mapmaking from Portuguese exile Diogo Homem, based on the similarity of their styles. He created many maps and atlases, mainly between 1580 and 1591. Several of his works have been preserved in Venice (in the Biblioteca Marciana di Venezia and the Museo Correr), in Rome (Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma), in Berlin (Staatsbibliothek), in London (British Library) and Warsaw (portolan from 1583 in the National Library of Poland).
As well as being a cartographer, he was a captain and navigator. In an isolario of 1590, he is mentioned as \"Antonio Millo Armiralgio al Zante\". In another isolario of 1591 he is mentioned as \"Antonio Millo Armiralgio in Candia\" and in another he is mentioned as \"Antonius de Melo Cosmographus\". The Venetian word *armiralgio* means harbour master and should not be mistaken for admiral. Scholar Johannes Leunclavius met Millo in 1582 in Venice and described him as an old Greek man born in Milos, who was hired by a naval officer to be their guide
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# Daan Kagchelland
**Danièl \"Daan\" Marinus Johannes Kagchelland** (25 March 1914 Rotterdam -- 24 December 1998, The Hague) was a sailor from the Netherlands, who represented his country at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. There Kagchelland won the gold medal in the O-Jolle
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# Cris Bonacci
**Cristina** \"**Cris**\" **Bonacci** (born 15 October 1964) is an Australian-born producer, songwriter, and musician. She was the lead guitarist in the British heavy metal band Girlschool (1984 to 1992, 2004) and has also provided session guitar work for other artists.
## Career
Bonacci was born at Myrtleford, in northeastern Victoria and grew up on a country farm near Melbourne where her family had moved when she was 11 or 12 years old. She started playing guitar soon after coming to Melbourne, inspired by her father's guitar playing, her uncle's band membership, and her Spanish neighbors' flamenco guitar. Bonacci was largely self-taught and influenced by rock guitarists Jimi Hendrix and Jeff Beck, as well as early Black Sabbath albums.
She played in several Australian bands but never stayed with one for more than a few years. In the early 1970s, she joined the rock group, Vixen, as lead guitarist. In early 1975, Bonacci and Sally Zylstra formed Sweet Jayne in Melbourne with Robyn Clark on drums and Zylstra on bass guitar. They later added lead singer Chris Scheri, who also played the flute. Sweet Jayne developed a large local following and recorded several demos and an EP between 1977 and 1983.
Their self-titled EP was issued in January 1980 and had five tracks, \"Ambiguous Girl\", \"Omniscience\", \"Some People\", \"State of Mind\" and \"Crushed and Crazy\". Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, opined that it, \"highlighted Bonacci\'s crunching guitar riffs offset by Scheri\'s melodic vocals and lilting flute lines.\" Soon after Brendan O\'Shea replaced Zylstra on bass guitar and John Zaffarese replaced Clark on drums. In October 1981, this lineup issued a single, \"Icarus\", with Fab Versace replacing Zaffarese on drums before being replaced in turn by Billy George in 1982. The group disbanded in January 1983.
Following the dissolution of Sweet Jayne, Bonacci moved to the United Kingdom to work as a session musician after being invited by Mike Oldfield. In London, Bonacci joined the all-female hard rock outfit, She, as lead guitarist. She included lead vocalist Jackie \"Jacqui\" Bodimead and former Rock Goddess bassist Tracey Lamb, whom Bonacci would later team up with in Girlschool. Bonacci and Bodimead were invited to join Girlschool following lead guitarist Kelly Johnson\'s departure. During her time with Girlschool, Bonacci recorded the albums *Running Wild*, *Nightmare at Maple Cross*, *Take a Bite* and *Girlschool*, touring extensively all over the world.
In a period of inactivity for Girlschool in 1990, Bonacci joined up with British rock singer Toyah Willcox, performing on GMTV to promote Willcox\'s album *Ophelia\'s Shadow*. In the years 1991 and 1992, Bonacci and Willcox (and Bonacci\'s bandmates in Girlschool Enid Williams and Kim McAuliffe) formed the short-lived band She Devils, which made two short tours around Europe. After the She Devils project, Bonacci finally left Girlschool and joined Marc Almond\'s touring band. In December 2004, Bonacci re-joined Girlschool for a one-off gig at the London Garage alongside original guitarist Kelly Johnson and current guitarist Jackie Chambers. She also played at the tribute gig for Kelly Johnson on August 20, 2007, in London. After leaving Girlschool, she worked as a session guitarist and became a member of Jonathan Ross\' house band for the British TV show *Saturday Zoo*, where she backed international artists such as Suzanne Vega, and k.d. lang.
Bonacci wrote lyrics, and music and produced for a variety of artists. She wrote mostly for the bands of which she was a member, but she has also written for and produced other artists, such as All Saints and Samantha Fox. In 2003, Bonacci wrote and produced the song \"Look Up\" which was released on the dance compilation CD *Fashion Lounge: Id Models*, published in the United States by Water Music Records. She also co-produced and engineered Dawne Adams\' album *Assume Nothing* in 2004. She is currently affiliated with Electracult, a band she formed with Michelle Mullen in January 2005. Electracult released their first full-length release *Electracult Me* on 15 April 2008, on Renaissance Records. Since 2000, much of her focus has been on software training. In June 2015, Bonacci was interviewed extensively about her musical career on the *Australian Rock Show* podcast
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# Fender Champ
The **Fender Champ** was a guitar amplifier made by Fender. It was introduced in 1948 and discontinued in 1982. An updated version was introduced in 2006 as part of the \"Vintage Modified\" line.
The Champ had the lowest power output and the simplest circuit of all Fender tube amps. The Champ had only one power tube, and the power stage circuit is, typically, single-ended and class A. Five watts and the simple toneful circuit allowed the Champ to be used easily and often in recording studios.
## Champion 800/600 {#champion_800600}
First introduced in 1948, it sported the name \"Champion 800\" (with 8\" speaker), changing a year later to \"Champion 600\" (6\" speaker) with circuit designation 5B1. It was rated at about 3 watts, featuring a \"T.V. Front\" style cabinet; the 800 was covered in greenish fabric while the 600 featured two-tone blonde and brown vinyl covering. This style lasted until 1953, when Fender\'s cabinet style changed to the \"Wide Panel\" design with a tweed cloth covering. Fender also renamed the circuit the \"5C1\", \"5\" standing for the decade (1950s), \"C\" for the third circuit revision, and \"1\" was the Champ\'s circuit designation. The 5C1 circuit was extraordinarily simple, using one 6SJ7 pentode in the preamplifier section to provide a single stage of voltage amplification, one 6V6 beam power tetrode in the power amplifier section, a 5Y3 rectifier tube and a single volume knob with no tone controls.
## The Champ {#the_champ}
By 1955 Fender started putting its amps in the \"Narrow Panel\" tweed cabinet with a plastic oxblood color grill cloth, and by this time the Champ was officially named the Champ (model 5E1). Through 1957, Champs only had a six-inch speaker, but the 1958 model 5F1 featured an 8\". The 5E1 and 5F1 circuits used a 12AX7 dual triode in the preamplifier to provide two stages of voltage amplification, and a single 6V6GT power tube to produce about 5 watts. A Champ from this era can easily be dated by the code stamped on the tube chart, by the code stamped on the speaker or by its serial number.
## Blackface/Silverface
The 5F1 lasted until 1964, when the Champ finally made the transition to the \"Blackface\" style of circuit and cabinet. A small number of the last 5F1 style cabinets were covered with the \"Blackface\" amp cosmetics around this transition, as the factory most likely ran out of the tweed cloth covering. In 1964, a Champ with tremolo was also introduced. It was called the Vibro Champ. The Champ switched from Blackface to Silverface four years later. Fender brought back the blackface cosmetics for a short time in 1981 before discontinuing the Champ the following year.
## Champion 600 reissue {#champion_600_reissue}
In 2006, Fender \"reissued\" the Champion 600. Cosmetically similar to the original Champion 600, internally it features a modified blackface Champ circuit (with the settings of the tone stack being hard-wired rather than adjustable via Treble and Bass controls, and a couple of additional resistors reducing input-stage gain) and a switch to solid-state rectification from the original 5Y3 tube. The current look is the TV-front with two-tone tolex and speaker grille cloth of imitation suede. After Fender took on marketing, production and distribution for Gretsch, the same electronics were available with a different look and feel -- based on \"tweed\" Fender amps, despite the branding -- as the Gretsch G5222 Electromatic. Production of the Champion 600 reissue ceased in 2010 and was reintroduced by Fender in late 2014. As of 2016, the Champion 600 was once again discontinued.
### Specifications
- Available as a 6\" Combo, features an internal 4 ohm speaker output jack
- 5 watt RMS
- Volume control
- Power switch
- 2 Input (high, low), 1 Channel
- 1× 12AX7 and 1× 6V6
- Solid-state diode-rectified
- Class A, single-ended
- Made in China
## Vibro Champ {#vibro_champ}
The **Fender Vibro Champ** was a guitar amplifier made by Fender. It was first introduced in 1964 and discontinued in 1982. The Vibro Champ featured built-in tremolo with controls for speed and intensity. The silverface version served as a basis for the Bronco student amplifier of 1967.
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# Fender Champ
## Vibro Champ XD {#vibro_champ_xd}
In 2007, Fender reintroduced the Vibro Champ as the **Vibro Champ XD**, part of their \"Vintage Modified\" series. Aesthetically, the XD is based on the Champ from the blackface era. Unlike the Champion 600, which has a strictly all-tube audio signal path, the Vibro Champ XD\'s tube circuitry is complemented by a digital signal processor (DSP) that functions as a pre-amp by modelling 16 different amplifiers. The effect of the volume, gain and tone control knobs varies according to the selected amp model. The digitally modelled signal is fed into a class-A single-ended tube circuit, with a 12AX7 output tube driver, and a 6V6 output tube. The amp also comes equipped with DSP effects, including reverb, delay, chorus, tremolo, and Vibratone (there is no spring reverb tank).
## \'68 Custom Vibro Champ Reverb {#custom_vibro_champ_reverb}
In January 2021 Fender introduced the \'68 Custom Vibro Champ Reverb as a part of their Vintage Modified series. This 5-watt silverface combo amplifier is identical to the original late-1960s Vibro Champ except for the inclusion of hall reverb, modified circuitry and a larger 10\" Celestion® Ten 30 speaker.
### Specifications {#specifications_1}
- Available as a 10\" combo
- 5 watt RMS class-A, single-ended
- Tube-biased reverb and tremolo
- Controls:
- Tone: volume, treble, bass
- Reverb: level
- Tremolo: speed and intensity, with a footswitch for toggling each effect (tremolo labeled as \"vib\" on footswitch)
- 2 channel, 2 input
- 1 3.2 ohm speaker output
- 1× 12AX7 and 1× 6V6
- Solid-state rectifier
- Made in Mexico
## Super Champ {#super_champ}
In 1982, in order to combat its decreasing amp sales, which at that time was around 10,000 units per year, Fender hired Paul Rivera (of Rivera Amplifiers) as Marketing Director to specify and help design a whole new range of amplifiers to meet the contemporary requirements of musicians. Even though he did not personally create the new designs, his direction of the engineering team, headed by Ed Jahns and Bill Hughes, resulted in some legendary amps, including the Super Champ. Featuring a push-pull output, 10\" speaker, and spring reverb, as well as some new circuitry; master volume, a switchable extra gain stage for a \'lead\' effect, and a mid-boost switch. The Super Champ utilized 1× 12AX7 for the first and second stage preamp, a 1× 12AT7 for spring reverb driver tube, whilst the three sections of the triple-triode 6C10 compactron serve as a recovery for the spring reverb, as a driver for the phase inverter, and as a split-load phase inverter. When the volume knob is pulled, some signal from the 12AT7 reverb driver is re-routed, resulting in higher gain. An optional two-button foot-switch allowed for gain switching and reverb on/off. Two 6V6GT power tubes provide it with 18 RMS watts. The cabinet was finished in black Tolex, with a black faceplate and silver grille cloth. The speaker was offered either with the standard Fender Blue Label, or optionally with a Fender-branded Electro-Voice EVI-10. Additionally, 100 Super Champ cabinets made of oak, fitted with EVI-10, having brown/champagne faceplate and knobs, and a special grille cloth were offered as part of the Super Pro Series. The Super Champ was sold until 1986. Along with the Concert amp, it was the last tube amp to be made by Fender under CBS ownership, and the last to be made at Fullerton.
### Specifications {#specifications_2}
- Available as a 10\" combo, features an internal 8 ohm speaker; some with output jack, some hardwired
- Hand-wired eyelet fiberboard
- 18 watt RMS
- Controls: volume (pull for lead), treble (pull for mid boost), bass, reverb, lead level, master.
- 1-input, 2-channel
- 1× 7025, 1× 12AT7, 1× 6C10 Triple triode Compactron and 2× 6V6
- Solid-state diode rectified
- Accutronics 3-spring reverb 9.25"
- Class AB, push--pull
## Champ II {#champ_ii}
Introduced along with the Super Champ described above, the Champ II was the most basic of the tube amps in the \"Rivera-era\" range of Fenders, having no reverb or extra gain switching. It was discontinued in 1983, along with the Bassman 20 (with which it shared the same metal chassis design), three years before the rest of the range, perhaps because its dearth of features was unfashionable at the time. It had the same colour scheme, power supply, output stage and stock speaker as the Super Champ but the preamp and phase inverter consisted of two 12AX7 tubes.
### Specifications {#specifications_3}
- Available as a 10\" combo, features an internal 8 ohm speaker output jack
- 18 watt RMS
- Controls: volume, treble (pull for mid boost), bass, master.
- 1 input
- 2× 7025, 2× 6V6
- Solid-state diode-rectified
- Class AB, push--pull
| 787 |
Fender Champ
| 1 |
10,126,219 |
# Fender Champ
## Super Champ XD {#super_champ_xd}
In 2007, Fender resurrected the Super Champ name with the **Super Champ XD**, part of their \"Vintage Modified\" series. The look is based on the blackface model. Although for a limited period of time a special edition Blonde version was produced, Fender's Consumer Relations Department states that the blonde special edition Super Champ XD with oxblood grill was a FSR (factory special run) that was limited to only 1,000 produced. The blonde version is no longer available new and Fender has completed the amps\' production run so no more will be produced or available from Fender. Unlike the Champion 600 (all tube circuitry), the Super Champ XD (like the Vibro Champ XD) is a hybrid (tube circuitry complemented with digital modeling and effects). Aside from one dual-triode 12AX7 and two 6V6 output tubes, it also has a digital signal processor (DSP) which models 16 different amplifiers and programs the volume, gain, and tone controls accordingly.
It has two channels, channel 1 being a clean channel, and channel 2 having both clean and distortion voices, using modeling technology to provide 15 additional voices. Both the Bass/Treble EQ and Effects (FX) are global settings meaning they affect the sound of both channel 1 and channel 2.
There are two stages of amplification: the first stage is done by solid-state op amps and the DSP, which also provide the desired voicing of the amps. It is then fed into the first triode of the 12AX7, which acts as a second stage preamp, provides the additional tube gain for both channels and acts as an interface between the solid-state circuitry and the tube circuitry. The second triode is a phase inverter, which creates mirror images of the signal to drive the output tubes. This arrangement provides the same feel of a complete tube amp while allowing multiple voicing. The DSP chip also provides effects, including reverb, delay, chorus, and tremolo. There is no spring reverb tank.
In 2012, Fender released the **Super Champ X2**, a redesign of the XD. The X2 is designed to interface with the FUSE software used by the Fender Mustang series of modeling solid-state amplifiers, and is also available in both combo and discrete head/speaker cabinet units.
### Specifications {#specifications_4}
- Available as a 10\" Combo, features an internal 8 ohm speaker output jack
- 15 watt RMS
- Controls: volume 1, channel select, gain, volume 2, voicing, treble, bass, FX level, FX select
- 1-input, 2-channel (clean and voicing)
- 1× 12AX7 and 2× 6V6
- Solid-state diode-rectified
- Class AB, push--pull
## Fender \'57 Champ {#fender_57_champ}
Fender reissued the 1957 narrow panel tweed Champ in 2009.
## Models
- Champion \"800\" (1948--1949) -- First version of the Champ.
- Champion \"600\" (1949--1955, 2006--2013) -- Replaced the Champion \"800\", modified/reissued in 2006
- Vibro Champ (1964--1982; 2007--2012) -- A Champ with tremolo; reissued in 2007 as the Vibro Champ XD, with hybrid (tube/solid-state) circuit, and utilization of DSP for 16 effects and voicings
- Eric Clapton Signature Vibro Champ (2013--present) -- Based on the original Vibro Champ with single volume and tremolo controls in a tweed cabinet; it has custom-made Schumacher transformers and an 8\" Weber speaker
- Champ II (1982--1983) -- 18 watts/10\" speaker.
- Super Champ (1982--1985) -- 18 watts/10\" speaker, channel switching and reverb. Limited Super Pro Series version also offered
| 563 |
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| 2 |
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# Afanasy Grigoriev
**Afanasy Grigorievich Grigoriev** (*Афанасий Григорьевич Григорьев*; 21 January 1782 -- 13 May 1868) was a Russian Neoclassical architect, who worked in Moscow and its suburbs. Grigoriev is remembered for his refined Empire style mansions, completion of Great Ascension Church (which, unfinished, housed the wedding of Alexander Pushkin in 1831) and assistance to Domenico Gilardi in rebuilding Moscow after the Great Fire of 1812.
## Biography
Grigoriev was born a serf, owned by the Kretov family, and acquired freedom at the age of 22. By this time, he was a long-time apprentice to Moscow-based Gilardi family of Swiss architects. Giovanni Gilardi was the chief architect of continuously expanding Moscow Orphanage, Widow\'s House (public almshouse) and Catherine\'s Institute; his son, Domenico Gilardi, inherited the family practice and managed rebuilding of these and other public structures after the devastating Fire of 1812.
Grigoriev, like Domenico, studied architecture and crafts in Francesco Camporesi workshop in Moscow Kremlin. In 1808-1847, Grigoriev was formally employed by the Widow\'s House, first as assistance to the Gilardis, then as the chief architect of this institution. Grigoriev worked for (or with) the Gilardis on all of their Moscow projects, growing from an apprentice to lead architect. He and Domenico Gilardi usually receive equal credit on their joint 1820s buildings, including Sukhanovo and Vlakhernskoye-Kuzminki. Grigoriev\'s own, undisputed, work can be found in Prechistenka Street, where he built two extant, adjacent upper-class houses.
The first, a city estate of Alexander Khrushyov, is noted for a complex plan that integrates two different facades - a stern Ionic order facing Preschistenka and an ornate, joyful facade with double Ionic columns and a raised terrace overlooking Khruschyovsky Lane. The building houses Alexander Pushkin museum since 1957.
The second, a symmetrical Lopukhin (later Stanitsky) House, also employing Ionic order, houses Leo Tolstoy museum. Both buildings retained all original exterior and some of interior artwork, and are rated as finest examples of Moscow *Empire* style.
His most important project out of Moscow is the Ershovo estate near Zvenigorod. The Trinity Cathedral (1826--1828), destroyed in World War II, was rebuilt in 1990s ([photo](https://web.archive.org/web/20070929081653/http://www.orgstroy.ru/obj/11.jpg) [photo](http://www.pravoslavie.ru/sas/image/ershovo-church.jpg)).
Grigoriev died in Moscow and was buried at extant Kalitniki Cemetery. Church of this cemetery, sometimes credited to Grigoriev by mistake, was actually built by N.I. Kozlovsky
## Buildings
Assistant to Giovanni Gilardi:
- 1800s-1812: Widows\' House improvements, Kudrinskaya Square
- 1800s: The Orphanage improvements, Moskvoretskaya Embankment
- 1804-1812: Catherine\'s Institute, Kommuny Square
Assistant or partner to Domenico Gilardi:
- 1813-1817: Catherine\'s Institute (completion)
- 1817-1819: Moscow State University reconstruction
- 1823-1826: Board of Trustees (Опекунский Совет), Solyanka Street
- 1829-1831: Usachev House
- 1820s: Sukhanovo palace improvements (with Joseph Bové, Adam Menelaws and other architects)
Own, undisputed design:
- 1814-18??: Khruschyov House (later Seleznyov House), Prechistenka Street, (sculpture by Ivan Vitali)
- 1817-1822: Lopukhin House (later Stanitsky House), Prechistenka Street
- 1824-1826: Trinity Church in Veshnyaki ([www.pravoslavie.ru](http://days.pravoslavie.ru/Hram/13.htm))
- 1826-1828: Trinity Church, Ershovo near Zvenigorod, destroyed 1941, rebuilt 1990s
- 1837: Ershovo Palace
- 1842-1843: Own house, Milyutindsky Lane, 8
Other work:
- 1819-1821: Dokuchaev House, Myasnitskaya Street
- 1820s: Razumovsky House, Gorokhovaya Street (reconstruction of a building designed by Adam Menelaws)
- 1845: Great Ascencion Church, Nikitskie Gates, Moscow - completion of an earlier work by Joseph Bové and other architects
<File:Prechistenka_pushkin_museum_side.jpg%7CKhrushyov> mansion, side portal <File:Prechistenka_tolstoy_museum.jpg%7CLopukhin> mansion, now Leo Tolstoy museum <File:Prechistenka_tolstoy_museum_facade.jpg%7CLopukhin> mansion, facade <File:Great_Ascension_Church_Nikitskie_Gates_Moscow
| 556 |
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| 0 |
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# Triplochiton scleroxylon
***Triplochiton scleroxylon*** is a tree of the genus *Triplochiton* of the family *Malvaceae*. The timber is known by the common names **African whitewood**, **abachi**, **obeche** (in Nigeria), **wawa** (in Ghana), **ayous** (in Cameroon) and **sambawawa** (in Ivory Coast). The tree is the official state tree of Ekiti State, Nigeria.
## Description
The species is distributed over the tropical areas of West Africa and Central Africa.
## Uses
The timber yielded is typically pale yellow and is moderately soft and light for a hardwood. The timber is used in the manufacture of veneer, furniture, picture frames and mouldings. It is also used by guitar makers. Gibson and Fender Japan have used the wood to produce limited edition guitars.
The tree is a host of the African silk moth, *Anaphe venata*, whose caterpillars feed on the leaves and spin cocoons which are then used to make silk.
The wood is exploited in its natural habitat, a harvest that is unsustainable in some areas. However, it remains classed as \'least concern\' on the IUCN Red List
| 176 |
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| 0 |
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# Baloney (Henry P.)
***Baloney (Henry P.)*** is a children\'s picture book written by Jon Scieszka and illustrated by Lane Smith. It was published in 2001 by Viking Press.
## Plot
The book tells the story of an alien schoolchild who has an excellent reason for being late for school -- he had been blasted off into space.
## About the text {#about_the_text}
The book encourages the reader to work out the meaning of a word from its context. The apparently alien words sprinkled throughout the text are actually from Earth languages
| 92 |
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| 0 |
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# Víctor Moreno
**Víctor Hugo Moreno** (born June 10, 1979 in Puerto Cabello, Carabobo) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball player. He was a set-up relief pitcher who batted and threw right-handed. He was signed by the Arizona Diamondbacks as a non-drafted free agent September 5, 1997.
Moreno played minor league baseball for the Diamondbacks, Philadelphia Phillies, Minnesota Twins, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and Oakland Athletics systems, before joining the Baltimore Orioles as a non-roster invitee to 2007 spring training.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Arizona Diamondbacks {#arizona_diamondbacks}
He went 4-6 with two saves and a 3.75 ERA in `{{frac|50|1|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings pitched in the Dominican Summer League in `{{Baseball year|1998}}`{=mediawiki}.
In `{{Baseball year|1999}}`{=mediawiki} Moreno went 1-4 with a 4.04 ERA in `{{frac|42|1|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings pitched in the Dominican Summer League. He went 1-2 with two saves and a 9.90 ERA in 10 innings in the Arizona League.
Moreno went 5-2 with two saves and a 2.40 ERA in `{{frac|71|1|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings in the Venezuelan Summer League in `{{Baseball year|2000}}`{=mediawiki}, marking his last season with the Diamondbacks.
### Philadelphia Phillies {#philadelphia_phillies}
He went 4-2 with a 1.69 ERA in `{{frac|26|2|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings pitched in the Gulf Coast League in `{{Baseball year|2001}}`{=mediawiki}.
In `{{Baseball year|2002}}`{=mediawiki} he went 3-3 with five saves and a 3.71 ERA in `{{frac|26|2|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings for the Class-A Batavia Muckdogs. Moreno went 1-0 with one save in 10 scoreless innings for the Class-A Lakewood BlueClaws.
### Minnesota Twins {#minnesota_twins}
Moreno went 3-1 with a 2.03 ERA in `{{frac|26|2|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings for the Class-A Advanced Fort Myers Miracle. He went 1-1 with a 6.95 ERA in `{{frac|33|2|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings for the Double-A New Britain Rock Cats in `{{Baseball year|2003}}`{=mediawiki}.
He went 1-0 with a 6.35 ERA in `{{frac|11|1|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings for Triple-A Rochester Red Wings and also went 7-2 with two saves and a 2.27 ERA in `{{frac|75|1|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings for Double-A New Britain in `{{Baseball year|2004}}`{=mediawiki}.
### Oakland Athletics {#oakland_athletics}
Moreno went 4-2 with two saves and a 4.50 ERA in 74 innings for the Triple-A Sacramento River Cats in `{{Baseball year|2005}}`{=mediawiki} and in `{{Baseball year|2006}}`{=mediawiki}, again playing for the River Cats he went 5-4 with four saves a 5.38 ERA in `{{frac|100|1|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings.
### Baltimore Orioles {#baltimore_orioles}
Moreno played for the Norfolk Tides in `{{Baseball year|2007}}`{=mediawiki} going 2-5 with a 5.06 ERA in 36 games, one for a start.
In a seven-season minor-league career, Moreno has posted a 31-21 record with a 4.20 ERA and 18 saves in 237 appearances.
### Mexican Leagues {#mexican_leagues}
Moreno played for the Diablos Rojos del Mexico in `{{Baseball year|2008}}`{=mediawiki} and for the Piratas de Campeche in `{{Baseball year|2009}}`{=mediawiki} of the Mexican League before his release.
### World Baseball Classic {#world_baseball_classic}
Moreno also was a member of the Venezuela national team during the 2006 and 2009 World Baseball Classic
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# Northern Securities Co. v. United States
***Northern Securities Co. v. United States***, 193 U.S. 197 (1904), was a case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1903. The Court ruled 5-4 against the stockholders of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroad companies, which had essentially formed a monopoly and to dissolve the Northern Securities Company.
## Facts
In 1901, James Jerome Hill, president of and the largest stockholder in the Great Northern Railway, won the financial support of J. P. Morgan and attempted to take over the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad (CB&Q). The CB&Q served a traffic-rich region of the Midwest and Great Plains, was well-managed, and quite profitable. It possessed a finely-engineered line connecting the Twin Cities to the nation\'s rail center of Chicago, which made it particularly attractive as an addition to Hill\'s Great Northern.
Hill\'s strategy was for his railroad and Morgan\'s Northern Pacific Railway to jointly buy the CB&Q. However, Edward Henry Harriman, president of the Union Pacific Railroad and the Southern Pacific Railroad, also wanted to buy the CB&Q. Harriman demanded a one-third interest in the CB&Q, but Hill refused him. Harriman then began to buy up Northern Pacific\'s stock, forcing Hill and Morgan to counter by purchasing more stock as well. Northern Pacific\'s stock price skyrocketed, and the artificially high stock threatened to cause a crash on the New York Stock Exchange.
Hill and Morgan were ultimately successful in obtaining more Northern Pacific stock than Harriman and won control of not only the Northern Pacific but also the CB&Q.
Pressured by Harriman\'s actions, Hill created a holding company---the Northern Securities Company---to control all three of the railroads. The public was greatly alarmed by the formation of Northern Securities, which threatened to become the largest company in the world and monopolize railroad traffic in the western United States. President William McKinley, however, was not willing to pursue antitrust litigation against Hill. McKinley was assassinated, however, and his progressive Vice-President, Theodore Roosevelt, ordered the United States Department of Justice to pursue a case against Northern Securities. The case was led by Assistant Attorney General Milton D. Purdy.
## Judgment
Justice Harlan held that the merger was unlawful. Justices Day, Brown, McKenna and Brewer concurred.
Justice Holmes, joined by Fuller, White, Peckham, dissented. The Holmes dissent included the famous passage: \"Great cases like hard cases make bad law. For great cases are called great, not by reason of their real importance in shaping the law of the future, but because of some accident of immediate overwhelming interest which appeals to the feelings and distorts the judgment.\"
## Significance
Hill was forced to disband his holding company and manage each railroad independently. The Northern Pacific; the Great Northern; and the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy companies would later merge in 1969
| 465 |
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| 0 |
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# Seen Art?
***Seen Art?*** is a children\'s picture book written by Jon Scieszka and illustrated by Lane Smith. It was published in 2005 by Viking Press and Penguin Random House LLC, in cooperation with the Museum of Modern Art. It is aimed at a reading age of 4 to 8.
## Plot
It depicts a child\'s view of the art collection at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City via a storyline that follows a young boy\'s quest for his friend called Art. Asking people whether they have seen Art, and where Art is, leads him on a journey around the Museum. At the end of the book, he finds his friend waiting for him outside the Museum.
## Translation
The book has been published in Spanish translation as *En Busca de Arte*
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# Jopie Selbach
**Johanna Katarina** \"**Jopie**\" **Selbach** (27 July 1918 -- 30 April 1998) was a freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands. She won gold medals at the 1934 European Aquatics Championships (with Willy den Ouden, Rie Mastenbroek and Ans Timmermans) and 1936 Summer Olympics (with den Ouden, Mastenbroek and Tini Wagner) in the women\'s 4 × 100 m freestyle relay
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| 0 |
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# The Philip Lynott Album
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{{albumchart|Sweden|18|artist=Phil Lynott|album=The Phil Lynott Album|rowheader=true|access-date=May 8, 2025}}
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| 25 |
The Philip Lynott Album
| 0 |
10,126,400 |
# Krzysztof Skiba
**Krzysztof Skiba** (born 7 July 1964 in Gdańsk) is a Polish musician, singer-songwriter, satirist, essayist and actor. He is best known as the vocalist of the rock band, Big Cyc.
In 1983, he cofounded the anarchy organization *Ruch Społeczeństwa Alternatywnego* (Movement of Alternative Society), and performed in student theatre *Pstrąg* and in many school cabarets, also co-creating street happenings named "The Orange Alternative". In 1988, Skiba joined Jacek Jędrzejak (guitar), Jarosław Lis (drums), and Roman Lechowicz (guitar) in Big Cyc, the previous vocalist, Robert Rejewski, having left. Skiba was the only one who did not choose a pseudonym for his name. For several years, Skiba has been writing opinion pieces for Wprost, a Polish magazine, and in 2005, published a book: *Skibą w mur*.
He is known for his controversial behaviour. In May 1999, Skiba was charged with indecent exposure, and fined the equivalent of \$308 for mooning the Polish prime minister Jerzy Buzek during a festival in February 1999
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Krzysztof Skiba
| 0 |
10,126,402 |
# Francis Edo-Osagie
**Francis Edo Osagie** (1914-1994) was a Nigerian businessman from Benin City. He was born into an elite family; his father worked in the forestry department and was also a farmer in Benin City.
## Education and career {#education_and_career}
He attended the Baptist primary school in Benin City and the Baptist High School, Ibadan for secondary education. After completing his secondary education, he took on a variety of duties, from being a transport clerk to a sales agent and an accountant. It was while working as an accountant that he noticed the potential of trading in timber, especially the prospective wood resources available in the Southeastern part of the country. He left his job and formed a joint venture with two other partners to explore timber but the venture yielded little as timber prices crashed. After the closure of the venture, he started his own firm, Osagie & Sons. The new venture stayed in the timber business and finally found a successful way of selling timber. The company was advised to explore some areas where Toledo worms seemed to have caused some devastation to some trees. It was discovered that with inspection, and a little work, the core of the trees could be saved. He started exporting large-scale timber from the area to Europe and America and was very successful.
He was also an apolitical community leader, this allowed him to mediate on civil duties, particularly those affecting the oil companies, their workers, and the communities they operate in
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# Knightwood
**Knightwood** is a small village in Chandler\'s Ford which is in Hampshire, England. It is in the civil parish of Valley Park. It is roughly 6 miles north of Southampton
| 32 |
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| 0 |
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# Conrad Albrecht
**Conrad Albrecht** (7 October 1880 in Bremen -- 18 August 1969 in Hamburg) was a German admiral during World War II.
## Early military career {#early_military_career}
Albrecht entered the *Kaiserliche Marine* (Imperial German Navy) on 10 April 1899 as a sea cadet. He made his basic training on the SMS Stosch. In March 1909 he was promoted to *Kapitänleutnant*. With the outbreak of World War I he became commander of a torpedo boat flotilla in Flanders. In October 1916 he was raised to Korvettenkapitän. In January 1917 he became commander of Zerstörer-Flotille Flandern, remaining in that position till 31 October 1918.
## After World War I {#after_world_war_i}
Albrecht served in the staff of the Marinestation der Ostsee (Marine Station of the Baltic Sea) until 12 March 1920. Afterwards till September 1920 he took command of I. Baltic Sea Minesweeper-Flotilla and then, till 27 March 1923, of the I. Flottille. He was promoted to Fregattenkapitän on 28 March 1923 and became commander of Naval Arsenal Kiel. On 1 May 1925 he was promoted to Kapitän zur See and was assigned to *Marine Station of the Baltic Sea* as chief of staff. In December 1928 he became commander of the Marineoffizierspersonalabteilung (Marine officer staff administration) of the Marine Headquarter. He was elevated to Konteradmiral on 1 April 1930 and on 29 September Albrecht was named commander of the Naval Reconnaissance Force.
On 1 October 1932 he was promoted to Vizeadmiral and appointed commanding officer of *Marine Station of the Baltic sea*. On duty on the post till 4 July 1935; on 1 December 1935 Albrecht was made Admiral and became the commander of the Baltic Sea area command. In 1939 he was promoted to *General admiral*; one of just twelve. He led the Kriegsmarine operations during the Invasion of Poland. He went into retirement on 31 December 1939.
## Decorations & Awards {#decorations_awards}
- Order of St
| 318 |
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# Danny Baugher
**Erle Daniel Baugher, IV** `{{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɒ|ɡ|ər}}`{=mediawiki} (born January 24, 1984) is an American former professional football player who was a punter in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Arizona Wildcats before being signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 2006.
Baugher was also a member of the New England Patriots, Rhein Fire, Denver Broncos, Las Vegas Locomotives, Atlanta Falcons and Oakland Raiders.
## College career {#college_career}
Baugher attended the University of Arizona, where he was a finalist for the Ray Guy Award in 2005.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Cincinnati Bengals {#cincinnati_bengals}
Baugher was signed as an undrafted free agent after the 2006 NFL draft by the Cincinnati Bengals, but was released at the start of training camp.
### New England Patriots/Rhein Fire {#new_england_patriotsrhein_fire}
On October 10, 2006, he was signed to the Patriots\' practice squad but was released on August 29, 2007. He played for the Rhein Fire during the 2007 season and was named to the All-League team.
### Second stint with Bengals {#second_stint_with_bengals}
Baugher was signed a second time by the Bengals on February 5, 2008 and released on April 5, 2008.
### Denver Broncos {#denver_broncos}
Baugher was then signed by the Denver Broncos as a free agent on April 5, 2008 and released June 13, 2008. On December 2, 2008, Baugher worked out for the Green Bay Packers but was not signed.
### Las Vegas Locomotives {#las_vegas_locomotives}
Baugher was selected by the Las Vegas Locomotives in the UFL Premiere Season Draft and signed with the team on August 31, 2009. He played for the team from 2009 to 2012.
### Atlanta Falcons {#atlanta_falcons}
Baugher was signed to the practice squad of the Atlanta Falcons on January 1, 2010.
### Oakland Raiders {#oakland_raiders}
Baugher was signed by the Oakland Raiders on December 21, 2010 to their practice squad as a potential backup to Shane Lechler. He was released on December 28.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
His grandfather Erle Baugher played one season in the American Association/American Football League for the Wilmington Clippers during 1948
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# Darrell Dess
**Darrell Charles Dess** (born July 11, 1935) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Pittsburgh Steelers, New York Giants, and the Washington Redskins.
Dess was born in New Castle, Pennsylvania. He played college football for the NC State Wolfpack, earning all-conference honors as a guard. He was selected in the eleventh round of the 1958 NFL draft by the Redskins
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| 0 |
10,126,478 |
# Tini Wagner
**Catharina \"Tini\" Wilhelmina Wagner** (17 December 1919 -- 2 June 2004) was a freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands, who represented her native country at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.
In 1936 she won the gold medal in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, alongside Willy den Ouden, Rie Mastenbroek and Jopie Selbach. In the 100 m freestyle competition she finished fifth and in the 400 m freestyle event she finished seventh
| 77 |
Tini Wagner
| 0 |
10,126,483 |
# Tony McGee (tight end)
**Tony Lamont McGee** (born April 21, 1971) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cincinnati Bengals, Dallas Cowboys and New York Giants. He played college football for the Michigan Wolverines.
## Early life {#early_life}
McGee was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, in 1971. He attended South Vigo High School in Terre Haute. As a junior, he collected 39 receptions for 890 yards.
As a senior, he was a two-way player. On offense, he played tight end, making 27 catches for 670 yards and four touchdowns, while contributing to his team posting 4,133 yards. On defense, he played defensive end and had 60 tackles, 10 sacks and nine tackles for loss. He received Chicago Sun Times Indiana Lineman of the Year and SuperPrep All-American honors. He also lettered in basketball.
## College career {#college_career}
McGee accepted a football scholarship from the University of Michigan, playing as a tight end from 1989 to 1992. As a freshman, he only saw action on special teams.
As a sophomore, McGee saw action on special teams and registered one catch for nine yards as a reserve tight end. As a junior, he appeared in every game as a reserve tight end, catching three passes for 39 yards.
Although he only had three receptions going into his senior year, he started all 12 games at tight end for the undefeated 1992 Michigan Wolverines football team that compiled a 9--0--3 record. During the 1992 season, he caught 38 passes (second on the team) for 467 yards and six receiving touchdowns (second on the team). He had the best game of his collegiate career in Michigan\'s victory over Washington in the 1993 Rose Bowl with six receptions for 117 yards and two touchdowns.
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| 0 |
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# Tony McGee (tight end)
## Professional football {#professional_football}
### Cincinnati Bengals {#cincinnati_bengals}
McGee was selected by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round (37th overall pick) of the 1993 NFL draft. As a rookie in 1993, McGee was the Bengals\' starting tight end in 15 games and caught 44 passes for 525 yards. He missed the game against the Houston Oilers with a back contusion.
In 1995, McGee was reunited with his Michigan head coach Gary Moeller who joined the Bengals as an assistant coach. McGee had his best season with 55 catches (fourth in the league for tight ends) for 754 yards (third in the league for tight ends) and four touchdowns. He had a career-high 118 receiving yards against the Indianapolis Colts.
In 1997, he finished third on the team with 34 receptions for 414 yards and 6 touchdowns (third in the league for tight ends). In 1998, he began to focus more on blocking for running back Corey Dillon. In 2000, he suffered a left ankle fracture, causing him to miss the last 2 games and end his 117 consecutive starts streak.
In December 2001, the Bengals placed McGee on the injured reserve list with a sprained medial collateral ligament in his left knee. In 2002, after the drafting of tight end Matt Schobel, with McGee recovering from a knee injury and the team looking to save money under the salary cap, he was released on April 25.
He appeared in 136 games for the Bengals (134 as a starter) and caught 299 passes for 3,795 yards and 20 touchdowns. After nine years with the Bengals, he ranked seventh on the team\'s All-time career receptions list.
### Dallas Cowboys (first stint) {#dallas_cowboys_first_stint}
On April 27, 2002, two days after being released, McGee signed with the Dallas Cowboys, reuniting with offensive coordinator Bruce Coslet, who had also served that function previously with the Bengals. He signed a three-year contract that included a \$400,000 signing bonus, and base salaries of \$650,000 in 2002 and \$750,000 in both 2003 and 2004. He was the Cowboys\' starter at tight end for all 16 games during the 2002 NFL season, catching 23 passes (third on the team) for 294 yards (third on the team) and one touchdown.
The next year, new head coach Bill Parcells signed free agent Dan Campbell and drafted future All-Pro Jason Witten, which forced his release on August 31, 2003.
### Tampa Bay Buccaneers {#tampa_bay_buccaneers}
On September 1, 2003, he was signed as a free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to replace an injured Rickey Dudley, but was cut just four days later after the signing of Daniel Wilcox.
### Dallas Cowboys (second stint) {#dallas_cowboys_second_stint}
The Dallas Cowboys re-signed him on October 8, 2003, after rookie tight end Witten sustained a broken jaw and backup James Whalen injured a hamstring. He appeared in only one contest with no receptions, after Witten missed only one game and McGee was subsequently released on October 19.
### New York Giants {#new_york_giants}
He signed with the New York Giants on December 2, 2003, after Jeremy Shockey and Marcellus Rivers both injured their knees. He appeared in three games with no receptions and wasn\'t re-signed at the end of the season.
## NFL career statistics {#nfl_career_statistics}
Legend
----------
**Bold**
Year Team Games
------ ------ ------- -----
GP GS Rec Yds
1993 CIN 15 15
1994 CIN 16 16
1995 CIN 16 16
1996 CIN 16 16
1997 CIN 16 16
1998 CIN 16 16
1999 CIN 16 16
2000 CIN 14 14
2001 CIN 11 9
2002 DAL 16 16
2003 DAL 1 0
NYG 3 0
156 150
| 608 |
Tony McGee (tight end)
| 1 |
10,126,483 |
# Tony McGee (tight end)
## Personal life {#personal_life}
McGee is the CEO of the freight company HNM Global Logistics. He is married to NBC10 Philadelphia news anchor Jacqueline London
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| 2 |
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# Vassdalseggi
**Vassdalseggi** is the tallest mountain in Rogaland county, Norway. The 1658 m tall mountain sits on the border of the municipalities of Vinje (in Telemark county) and Suldal (in Rogaland county). Vassdalseggi lies in the Ryfylkeheiane mountains about 5 km north of the mountain Fitjanuten and about 2.5 km southeast of the mountain Kistenuten
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Vassdalseggi
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10,126,490 |
# Fender Vibrasonic
The **Fender Vibrasonic** was an amplifier made by Fender. It was debuted as the first of the new-model Fender amps of the 1960s, with new tolex-covered cabinets and front-mounted control panels that would replace the tweed-covered, top-panel cabinets that were prevalent during the 1950s, as well as new circuitry which would characterize most Fender amplifiers for two decades.
The Vibrasonic was introduced in 1959 and was discontinued in 1964. During this period, the \"brownface\" era, its brown control panel was matched with light brown (\"tan\") or standard brown tolex cabinets with grill cloth schemes typically in tweed style (\"gold stripe\") or yellow (\"wheat\"). At the time of its introduction, the Vibrasonic-Amp displaced the Fender Twin as the company\'s new top-of-the-line or \"flagship\" model. This elevated status was short-lived however, as the new high-powered 6G8 blonde Twin-Amp appeared in mid 1960. The Vibrasonic was one of the seven models in the newly designated Professional Series of Fender amplifiers. These amplifiers shared nearly identical circuits, with two (or four) 5881/6L6GC tubes in fixed-bias Class AB configuration, long-tailed pair phase inverters, and dual \"normal\" and \"vibrato\" channels with independent volume and tone controls; the models were differentiated only by cabinet/speaker configurations, transformers, and rectifiers. The tremolo (\"vibrato\") circuit which the Vibrasonic premiered and which gave it its name more closely resembled a Vox tremolo circuit than anything which Fender used before or after, a complex \"harmonic vibrato\" which created the illusion of true pitch-shifting. Two tubes (5G13 model) and later three tubes (6G13-A model) were used in the tremolo circuit alone and this perhaps explains why it was not widely used, and abandoned in the mid-1960s \"blackface\" amps.
The 1×15 Vibrasonic, like the 4×10 Concert-Amp, featured a larger interleaved output transformer designed to minimize distortion and maximize clean headroom in the output stage. Unlike the Concert-Amp however, the Vibrasonic-Amp was the first production Fender amplifier to use a speaker made by the James B. Lansing company. JBL speakers were considered superior to the usual Jensen speakers in terms of their power handling capacity and frequency response.
Only the prototypes of this amp were built with metal control knobs, as pictured in the 1960 Fender Musical Instruments catalog. In recent scholarship, the Vibrasonic has been closely associated with the mythical brown tolex, small-box Twin-Amp.
The Vibrasonic name was resurrected in 1995 for the "Custom" Vibrasonic, a 1x15 amplifier with individual Steel and Guitar channels. The "Custom" Vibrasonic was part of a series of amplifiers designed by Fender Custom Shop engineer Bruce Zinky, and incorporated the circuit of a stock Twin Reverb in the Steel channel and the circuit characteristics of Vibro-King and Tonemaster amplifiers (two other Zinky-designs) in the Guitar channel. The "Custom" Vibrasonic was equipped with a special design Eminence 15" speaker and had a relatively short manufacturing run, being discontinued by Fender in 1996
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Fender Vibrasonic
| 0 |
10,126,527 |
# Contention ratio
In computer networking, the **contention ratio** is the ratio of the potential maximum demand to the actual bandwidth. The higher the contention ratio, the greater the number of users that may be trying to use the actual bandwidth at any one time and, therefore, the lower the effective bandwidth offered, especially at peak times. A *contended service* is a service which offers the users of the network a minimum statistically guaranteed contention ratio, while typically offering peaks of usage of up to the maximum bandwidth supplied to the user. Contended services are usually much cheaper to provide than uncontended services, although they only reduce the backbone traffic costs for the users, and do not reduce the costs of providing and maintaining equipment for connecting to the network.
## Examples by country {#examples_by_country}
In the United Kingdom, a Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber Line (RADSL) connection used to be marketed with a contention ratio between 20:1 and 50:1 within the British Telecom network, meaning that 20 to 50 subscribers, each assigned or sold a bandwidth of up to 8 Mbit/s for instance, may be sharing 8 Mbit/s of downlink bandwidth. With the advent of ADSL2+ (up to 20 Mbit/s service, though in theory, ADSL2+ provides up to 24 Mbit/s), FTTC (Fibre to the Cabinet) offering 40 Mbit/s services and even FTTP (Fibre to the Premises) offering 100 Mbit/s, BT no longer work on \"contention ratio\" as a planning rule.
In the United States and on satellite internet connections, the contention ratio is often higher, and other formulas are used, such as counting only those users who are actually online at a particular time. It is also less often divulged by internet service providers elsewhere than it is in the UK. The connection speed for each user will therefore differ depending on the number of computers using the uplink connection at the same time because the uplink (where all the low bandwidth connections join) will only handle the speed that has been implemented on that line.
## Issues
One of the issues with a stated contention ratio is that it is not, on its own, adequate for comparing services. There is a huge difference between 1000 users each on a 2 Mbit/s service sharing a 40 Mbit/s pipe, and 50 users each on a 2 Mbit/s service sharing a 2 Mbit/s pipe. In the latter case two users trying to download at the same time means each get 50% of the speed. When there are 1000 users it would take 20 users using their entire 2 Mbit/s link at the same time to show any congestion. However, both of these would be quoted as 50:1 contention.
If there are a small number of users of a contended service, then the peaks and troughs in usage will be very visible to each user, but if the same contention ratio applies to a large number of users then the probability of being affected by the contention can be much smaller. In telephony, 20 users each likely to make a call 10% of the time need 8 lines to ensure that there is less than 0.1% chance of being blocked. With 200 users, the number of lines required is only 35, so that less than five times the number of lines are required for the same probability of being blocked. The same issue applies to broadband service
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# Dave Creedon
**David Creedon** (1 August 1919 -- 11 March 2007) was an Irish hurler and Gaelic footballer whose league and championship career with the Cork senior team spanned seventeen years from 1938 to 1955.
Born near Blackpool in Cork, Creedon first played competitive hurling during his schooling at the North Monastery. He subsequently joined the Glen Rovers senior team and, in a club career that spanned three decades, he won nine county senior championship medals, serving as captain of the team on one occasion. As a Gaelic footballer with the Glen\'s sister club, St. Nicholas\', Creedon also won three county senior championship medals. He finished his club career with Nemo Rangers.
Creedon made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he was picked on the Cork minor panel. After two unsuccessful years in this grade, he was later added to the Cork junior team. A two-time Munster medal winner in this grade, he also won one All-Ireland medal. Creedon was added to the Cork senior panel in 1938. Over the course of the next ten years he remained as understudy to Tom Mulcahy, however, he did win his first All-Ireland medal in 1946. After retiring from inter-county hurling in 1949, Creedon was coaxed back to the Cork team in 1952. He went on to win a further three All-Ireland medals in-a-row between 1952 and 1954. Creedon also won five Munster medals and one National Hurling League medal. He played his last game for Cork in June 1955.
In retirement from playing Creedon served as an administrative officer and as a selector with Glen Rovers.
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# Dave Creedon
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Club
#### Early successes {#early_successes}
Creedon first enjoyed success as a member of the Glen Rovers minor team. He won back-to-back county championship medals in 1933 and 1934, before later being added to the Glen Rovers senior panel. In 1940 he took over from Mick Casey as first-choice goalkeeper, as the Glen qualified for a seventh successive county championship final against Sarsfields. A remarkable feature of the game was the scoring of seventeen goals which remains a record for a county final. Charlie Tobin scored six of those goals as Glen Rovers secured a 10-6 to 7-5 victory. It was Creedon\'s first county senior championship medal.
Glen Rovers continued their remarkable run of success in 1941 by qualifying for an eight successive championship decider. A Willie \"Long Puck\" Murphy-inspired Ballincollig provided the opposition, however, they were completely outplayed. The Glen recorded a 4-7 to 2-2 victory, setting the all-time record of eight championship titles in succession. It was Creedon\'s second successive winners\' medal.
Nine-in-a-row proved beyond Glen Rovers as Ballincollig exacted their revenge in the semi-final of the 1942 championship. After a season of reorganisation, which saw the introduction of nine new players to the team, Glen Rovers reached the 1944 championship final where they faced reigning champions and three-in-a-row hopefuls St. Finbarr\'s. The game started at a furious pace and inside a minute Denis Leahy had the ball in the St. Finbarr\'s net. This lead was increased to 2-3 after 27 minutes. \"The Barrs\" replied with a goal and at half time the Glen led by 4-3 to 1-0. A St. Finbarr\'s goal at the three-quarter mark was immediately cancelled out by an own goal, however, the final quarter was fought out score for score. At the final whistle Glen Rovers were the champions by 5-7 to 3-3 and Creedon had collected his third championship medal.
Divisional side Carrigdhoun provided the opposition as Glen Rovers reached the 1945 championship final in search of their tenth title. In what was probably the most exciting decider in which the club had been involved in so far, the Glen were five goals ahead after 25 minutes having played with a gale force wind, however, Carrigdhoun fought back to reduce the arrears and set up an exciting finish. Lyons was single dout for praise at full-back as Glen Rovers retained the championship title following a 4-10 to 5-3 victory.
#### Glen Rovers march on {#glen_rovers_march_on}
After defeat by St. Finbarr\'s in the 1946 championship final, Glen Rovers saw a number of changes to the team when they next contested the decider in 1948. Retirement and emigration and forced a number of changes, however, Creedon remained in goal. Glen veterans Jack Lynch and Johnny Quirke were to the fore in securing the double scores 5-7 to 3-2 victory over roll of honour leaders Blackrock.
Glen Rovers were presented with their chance of retaining their title when they faced divisional side Imokilly in the 1949 championship decider. On a day of incessant rain, the game was described as one of the best of the year. Donie Twomey and Jack Lynch were the stars of the team as they bagged 5-2 between them. Christy Ring scored the Glen\'s sixth goal of the game to secure the 6-5 to 0-14 victory. It was a sixth medal for Creedon, who also had the honour of lifting the Seán Óg Murphy Cup as captain.
Southside rivals St. Finbarr\'s were the opponents as Glen Rovers were determined to make it three titles in-a-row in the 1950 championship final. St. Finbarr\'s had the advantage of a very strong breeze in the first half and mounted attack after attack on the Glen goal but failed to raise the green flag. The Glen backs gave one of the finest displays of defensive hurling ever seen in the championship and kept the southsiders tally for the first half to 0-4. \"The Barrs\" added just one further point to their tally after the interval. The 2-8 to 0-5 victory secured a third successive championship title for the club and a seventh winners\' medal for Creedon.
#### Final victories {#final_victories}
Sarsfields ended the Glen\'s hopes of four-in-a-row in 1951, while defeat in the first round of 1952 looked like heralding a fallow period. The club returned stronger than ever when they qualified for the 1953 championship final where they faced Sarsfields once again. After a slow start Glen Rovers gave an exhibition of hurling all over the field, with Creedon, John Lyons, Seán French and Seán O\'Brien proving impregnable in defence. The 8-5 to 4-3 victory secured his eighth championship medal.
In 1954 Glen Rovers reached their 17th championship final in twenty years. Blackrock fielded a young team, however, Glen Rovers had eight inter-county players on their team. In spite of this, Blackrock stood up to the champions and the result remained in doubt to the end. A 3-7 to 3-2 victory secured an eighth and final championship medal for Creedon.
### Inter-county {#inter_county}
Creedon played with the Cork minor hurling team in the mid-1940s. He was a member of the senior panel when Cork won the Munster Championship in 1947, however, he had yet to make his own championship debut. He won his first All-Ireland medal when he was sub goalkeeper in the 1946 final. In 1952 Creedon came out of retirement at the age of 33 to become the first-choice goalkeeper on the Cork senior hurling team. It proved to be an excellent decision as he won his first Munster title that year before later defeating Dublin to claim his first All-Ireland medal. 1953 began well for Creedon when he won his first National Hurling League title. Later that year he won his second consecutive Munster medal as well as a second consecutive All-Ireland medal following an ill-tempered win over Galway. In 1954 Creedon made it a hat-trick of Munster and All-Ireland medals as a defeat of Wexford gave the team its third All-Ireland title in-a-row. In 1955 Cork were defeated by Clare in the first round of the championship. Creedon subsequently retired from inter-county hurling.
## Honours
St
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# Dennis Hayes (musician)
**Dennis Hayes** is an American bass guitarist, currently playing for Beyond Fear.
Hayes began his career with the heavy metal band Wretch. Later he was a founding member of the Progressive Heavy Metal band Castle Black with other former members of Wretch, Nick Giannakos (Lead Guitar) and Drummer, Jeff Currenton. It was during this time where he began a long association with Tim \"Ripper\" Owens, as Castle Black and Winter\'s Bane often played the same venues around Northeastern Ohio. Hayes eventually was offered, and accepted, membership in Winter\'s Bane. Both Hayes and Owens performed on Winter\'s Bane\'s 1993 debut album Heart of a Killer. Dennis also played in the Heavy metal band Seven Witches from 2004 to 2005, but left to form Beyond Fear together with Owens, a side project to the singer\'s role in Iced Earth.
After James \"Bo\" Wallace left Iced Earth in March 2007, Hayes was called in to replace him on the band\'s upcoming tour. Following Owens\' departure from Iced Earth later that year, Hayes also left the band
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# Squids Will Be Squids
***Squids Will Be Squids*** is a children\'s picture book written by Jon Scieszka and illustrated by Lane Smith. It was released in 1998 by Viking Press.
## Reception
Roger Sutton, of *Horn Book Magazine*, reviewed the book saying, \"The humor is definitely juvenile and wears a little thin, but Scieszka has perfect pitch when it comes to this kind of thing (\"Moral: He who smelt it, dealt it\"), and Smith\'s portraits find the humanity behind the masks\"
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10,126,554 |
# The Soul Train Gang
**The Soul Train Gang** were an American R&B vocal group. In the early 1970s, the dancers on Don Cornelius\' hit television program *Soul Train* were called \'The Soul Train Gang\'. The dancers became \'The Soul Train Dancers\' in 1975 when the name \'The Soul Train Gang\' was given to a R&B vocal quintet by Cornelius and Dick Griffey. They did so to announce the founding of Soul Train Records (later SOLAR Records), home to Lakeside, Shalamar, The Whispers and others---and .
Consisting of two brothers from Cincinnati, Ohio; Gerald Brown & Terry Brown; Judy Jones (replaced by Denise Smith in 1976), Patricia Williamson and Hollis Pippin, The Soul Train Gang recorded its debut album,*Don Cornelius Presents the Soul Train Gang*, in 1975. Produced by Cornelius and Griffey, the LP included \"Soul Train \'75,\" one of the many themes from *Soul Train*. (The previous theme had previously been MFSB\'s famous \"TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)\" on Philadelphia International Records.) The song peaked at 75 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 and 9 on the R&B chart.
The group recorded its second album, *The Soul Train Gang*, produced by Norman Harris and done largely in Philadelphia, in 1976. Cornelius and Griffey hoped they could use Soul Train\'s popularity to make The Soul Train Gang a hit. Lead single \"Ooh Cha\" peaked at 107 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart and 62 on the R&B chart. Both albums contained a 1970s soul and funk sound but neither made them a big name in the R&B world. They subsequently released a cover of Stevie Wonder\'s \"My Cherie Amour\" which peaked at 93 on the Hot 100 and 21 on the dance chart.
After the Gang disbanded in 1977, Brown went on to join Shalamar the following year, replacing original member Gary Mumford. Brown appeared on Shalamar\'s second album, *Disco Gardens*, and the hit single \"Take That to the Bank\" before being replaced by Howard Hewett in 1979
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# Derrick Walker (American football)
**Derrick Norval Walker** (born June 23, 1967) is an American former professional football player. He played college football for the University of Michigan as a tight end and inside linebacker from 1986 to 1989. He played professional football as a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons with the San Diego Chargers (1990-1993), Kansas City Chiefs (1994-1997), and Oakland Raiders (1998).
## Early life {#early_life}
Walker was born in Glenwood, Illinois, in 1967. He attended Bloom High School in Chicago Heights, Illinois.
## University of Michigan {#university_of_michigan}
Walker enrolled at the University of Michigan in 1985 and played college football for head coach Bo Schembechler\'s Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1986 to 1989. After redshirting in 1985, he played at the inside linebacker position in 1986. He was converted to a tight end in 1987 and won Michigan\'s Frederick Matthei Award.
As a junior, Walker started two games, one at tight end and one at split end. As a senior, he was a team co-captain and started all 12 games at tight end for the 1989 Michigan Wolverines football team that compiled a 10--2 in Schembechler\'s last season as Michigan\'s head coach. At the end of the 1989 season, Walker was selected as the first-team tight end on the 1989 All-Big Ten Conference football team. He caught 33 passes for 446 yards and five touchdowns during his time at Michigan.
## Professional football {#professional_football}
Walker was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the sixth round (163rd overall pick) of the 1990 NFL draft. Walker became the Chargers\' starting tight end from 1990 to 1993. He appeared in 60 games, 55 as a starter, and caught 98 passes for 979 yards and four touchdowns.
Walker joined the Kansas City Chiefs for the 1994 NFL season. In four seasons with the Chiefs from 1994 to 1997, Walker appeared in 58 games, 28 as a starter, and caught 75 passes for 720 yards and four touchdowns. He concluded his playing career with the Oakland Raiders during the 1999 NFL season. He appeared 11 games, three as a starter, for the Raiders and caught seven passes for 71 yards.
In nine NFL seasons, Walker appeared in 129 regular season games and caught 180 passes for 1,770 yard and nine touchdowns. He also appeared in five playoff games and 10 passes for 127 yards and a touchdown.
## NFL career statistics {#nfl_career_statistics}
Legend
----------
**Bold**
### Regular season {#regular_season}
Year Team Games
------ ------ -------- --------
GP GS Rec Yds
1990 SDG **16** 12
1991 SDG **16** **16**
1992 SDG **16** **16**
1993 SDG 12 11
1994 KAN 15 11
1995 KAN **16** 3
1996 KAN 11 9
1997 KAN **16** 5
1999 OAK 11 3
129 86
### Playoffs
Year Team Games
------ ------ ------- -------
GP GS Rec Yds
1992 SDG **2** **2**
1994 KAN 1 1
1995 KAN 1 0
1997 KAN 1 0
5 3
## Later years {#later_years}
After retiring from football, Walker lived in West Bloomfield, Michigan. In 2007, he was hired as a sports broadcaster for the Big Ten Network. He was married to Rhonda Walker, a news anchor on Detroit\'s WDIV-TV, but the two later divorced.
In July 2012, Walker sued the NFL alleging that the league failed to warn him about the risk of football-related concussions
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| 0 |
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# 1672 in Ireland
Events from the year **1672 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: Charles II
## Events
- February 25 (6 March N.S.) -- John O\'Molony is consecrated as Roman Catholic Bishop of Killaloe in Paris.
- March 15 -- King Charles II of England issues a Royal Declaration of Indulgence, suspending execution of Penal Laws against Roman Catholics in his realms; this is withdrawn the following year under pressure from the Parliament of England.
- May 21 -- The Earl of Essex is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (sworn 5 August).
- September 24 -- elected representatives on corporations are to take an Oath of Supremacy to the Crown unless exempted.
- The office of Lord President of Munster is suppressed.
- John Lynch\'s *De praesulibus Hiberniae* is written (first published in Dublin, 1944).
- Sir William Petty\'s *Political Anatomy of Ireland* is written (first published in Dublin, 1691); also, engraving of the maps for his *Hiberniae Delineatio* (published 1685) is completed.
## Births
- March 12 (*bapt.*) -- Richard Steele, writer and politician, co-founder of *The Spectator* magazine (d. 1729)
- August 7 -- Michael Hill, politician (d. 1699)
- William Blakeney, 1st Baron Blakeney, soldier (d. 1761)
## Deaths
- August 10 -- Robert Leslie, Church of Ireland Bishop of Clogher.
- December 7 -- Sir Paul Davys, politician and civil servant (b. c.1600)
- Approximate date
- Thomas Carve, historian (b. 1590)
- Thomas Dillon, 4th Viscount Dillon, peer (b
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# Reggie Howard
**Reginald Clement Howard** (born May 17, 1977) is an American football coach and former cornerback. He is the cornerbacks coach for the University of Memphis, a position he has held since 2024. He played college football at Memphis before joining the NFL as an undrafted free agent in 2000. Howard played in Super Bowl XXXVIII for Carolina Panthers where he recorded an interception, and also had stints with the New Orleans Saints and Miami Dolphins. He became an assistant college football coach in 2015
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| 0 |
10,126,588 |
# 2005 Singapore Open
The **2005 Singapore Open** (officially known as the **Aviva Open Singapore 2005** for sponsorship reasons) was a five-star badminton tournament that took place at the Singapore Indoor Stadium in Singapore, from June 27 to July 3, 2005. The total prize money on offer was US\$170,000.
## Prize money distributions {#prize_money_distributions}
Below is the prize money distributions for each round (all in USD\$)
| 66 |
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| 0 |
10,126,591 |
# Atari 8-bit computer software
Many games, utilities, and educational programs were available for Atari 8-bit computers. Atari, Inc. was primarily the publisher following the launch of the Atari 400/800 in 1979, then increasingly by third parties. Atari also distributed \"user written\" software through the Atari Program Exchange from 1981 to 1984. After APX folded, many titles were picked up by Antic Software.
## Programming languages {#programming_languages}
### Assembly language {#assembly_language}
Atari, Inc. published two assemblers. The Atari Assembler Editor cartridge is a friendlier, integrated development environment using line numbers for editing source code similar to Atari BASIC. The professionally targeted Atari Macro Assembler shipped at a higher price on a copy protected disk without editor or debugger. Third-party assemblers include SynAssembler from Synapse Software and MAE (Macro Assembler Editor) from Eastern House.
Optimized Systems Software published an enhanced disk-based assembler mimicking the structure of Atari\'s Assembler Editor as EASMD (Editor/Assembler/Debug). It followed that with MAC/65 first on disk with BUG/65 as a companion product, then as a 16KB bank-switched cartridge. MAC/65 tokenizes lines of code as they are entered and has much faster assembly times than Atari\'s products.
Dunion\'s Debugging Tool (or DDT) by Jim Dunion is a machine language debugger originally sold through the Atari Program Exchange. A reduced version is included in the cartridge version of MAC/65. Atari magazine *ANALOG Computing* published the machine language monitor H:BUG as a type-in listing, followed by BBK Monitor.
### BASIC
Atari shipped Atari BASIC with all their machines either as a cartridge or in ROM. It also sold Atari Microsoft BASIC on disk. Optimized Systems Software created a series of enhanced BASIC interpreters: BASIC A+, BASIC XL, BASIC XE. Commercial BASIC compilers for Atari BASIC were available: ABC (Monarch Data Systems, 1982), MMG BASIC Compiler (1984), Advan BASIC (1985). The freeware Turbo-BASIC XL compiler, released in 1985, was popular in the later years of the Atari 8-bit line.
In 1984, *ANALOG Computing* published Minicomp, a compiler that generates machine code from a minimalist subset of Atari BASIC statements.
### Pascal
Atari\'s own Atari Pascal requires two disk drives and was relegated to the Atari Program Exchange instead of the official product line. Later options were Draper Pascal (1983), Kyan Pascal (1986), and CLSN Pascal (1989).
### Forth
Atari 8-bit Forths include fig-Forth, Extended fig-Forth (Atari Program Exchange), ES-Forth, QS Forth, and ValFORTH. The animated in-store demo to promote the 400/800 line was written with Atari\'s internal \"Coin-Op Forth\" implementation.
### Other
Action! is an ALGOL 68-like procedural programming language on cartridge with an integrated compiler and full-screen text editor. The language is designed for quick compile times and to generate efficient 6502 machine code.
Deep Blue C is a port of Ron Cain\'s Small-C compiler. It was sold through the Atari Program Exchange.
Atari, Inc. published the highly regarded Atari Logo as well as Atari PILOT, both on cartridge.
Other Atari 8-bit languages include Extended WSFN and Inter-LISP/65.
## Applications
: *See :Category:Atari 8-bit computer software.*
### Word processors {#word_processors}
Atari, Inc. published the Atari Word Processor in 1981, followed by the more popular AtariWriter cartridge in 1983. Third party options include PaperClip, Letter Perfect, Word Magic, Superscript, Bank Street Writer, *COMPUTE!* magazine\'s type-in SpeedScript, The Writer\'s Tool cartridge from OSS, Muse Software\'s Super-Text, KISS, Wordman, and relative latecomer The First XLEnt Word Processor in 1986. Cut & Paste from Electronic Arts and Homeword from Sierra On-Line were designed to be simpler to use than other programs. *Antic* compared seven word processors in the February 1987 issue of the magazine.
Two integrated software packages that include word processing are HomePak and Mini Office II.
### Graphics
Video Easel is an art generation and drawing program released on cartridge by Atari, Inc. in 1980. Graphics Magician (1984), from Penguin Software, is a bitmap drawing program which was used to create images for commercial graphic adventures. Other graphics editors are Drawit (Atari Program Exchange, 1983) and RAMbrandt (Antic Software, 1985).
Movie Maker, originally from Reston Publishing then later Electronic Arts, allows creating full-screen animations with synchronized audio that can be saved in a standalone playback format. Cartoonist (Atari Program Exchange, 1983), by Bryan Talbot, is designed for drawing animated sequences.
### Music
Atari\'s Music Composer cartridge (1979), the first music composition software for the Atari 8-bit computers, was later joined by Advanced MusicSystem from the Atari Program Exchange (1982), Music Construction Set (1983), and Bank Street Music Writer (1985). Antic published the Antic Music Processor in 1988 as a disk bonus.
## Games
: *See :Category:Atari 8-bit computer games.*
Because of graphics superior to that of the Apple II`{{r|pournelle198207}}`{=mediawiki} and Atari\'s home-oriented marketing, the Atari 8-bit computers gained a good reputation for games. *BYTE* in 1981 stated that \"for sound and video graphics \[they\] are hard to beat\". Jerry Pournelle wrote in the magazine in 1982, when trying to decide what computer to buy his sons, that \"if you\'re only interested in games, that\'s the machine to get. It\'s not all that expensive, either\". A 1984 compendium of reviews used 198 pages for games compared to 167 for all other software. It noted the existence of a distinct \"graphics look\" to native Atari software: \"Multiple graphics modes, four directional fine scrolling, colorful modified character-set backgrounds, and, of course, player missile graphics\".`{{r|aw1984}}`{=mediawiki}
*Star Raiders* was Atari\'s killer app, akin to VisiCalc for the Apple II in its ability to persuade customers to buy the computer. *Antic* in 1986 stated that \"it was the first program that showed all of the Atari computer\'s audio and visual capabilities. It was just a game, yes, but it revolutionized the idea of what a personal computer could be made to do.\" When Electronic Arts started publishing games in 1983, the Atari 8-bit line was a key platform. EA\'s *M.U.L.E* takes advantage of the four joystick ports on the original Atari 400/800 models, as does the cooperative dungeon crawl *Dandy*. *Dandy* was the direct inspiration for the 1985 *Gauntlet* arcade game, which also allows four players
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# Folarskardnuten
**Folarskardnuten** is the highest point on Hallingskarvet, and is also the highest point in the county Buskerud of Norway.
The mountain lies within Hallingskarvet National Park, Hol Municipality
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# 1761 in Ireland
Events from the year **1761 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George III
## Events
- 10 November -- Protestant \"manifesto of intolerance\" (\"Black Petition\") against Roman Catholics signed in Galway.
## Births
- 20 July -- Arthur Gore, 3rd Earl of Arran, politician (died 1837).
- 17 September -- Samuel Neilson, one of the founder members of the Society of United Irishmen and the founder of its newspaper the *Northern Star* (died 1803).
- 21 November -- Dorothea Jordan (née Bland), actress and mistress of Prince William, Duke of Clarence, later King William IV (died 1816 in France).
Full date unknown
:\*Michael Byrne, signed as an able seaman by Captain Bligh on HMS Bounty, primarily to play the fiddle.
## Deaths
- 7 January -- Darkey Kelly, brothel-keeper, burned at the stake for murder.
- 10 September -- William Blakeney, 1st Baron Blakeney, soldier (born 1672)
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# Keith Jennings (American football)
**Keith O\'Neal Jennings** (born May 19, 1966) is an American former professional football tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys and Chicago Bears. He also was a member of the Las Vegas Outlaws in the XFL. He played college football at Clemson University.
## Early life {#early_life}
Jennings attended Summerville High School, where he was a high school All-American and an All-State wide receiver, while helping his team win three division AAAA state championships. He posted 85 receptions for 1,760 yards (20.7 avg.) and 17 touchdowns in his final two seasons.
He also was an All-state first baseman, contributing to the school winning two baseball state titles.
## College career {#college_career}
Jennings accepted a football scholarship from Clemson University. As a freshman, he was a backup wide receiver and his best game came in the 1985 Independence Bowl against the University of Minnesota, where he had 3 receptions for 41 yards, including his first career touchdown.
He became a starter as a junior and was considered at the time the biggest wide receiver in school history. Playing in run-oriented offenses, he excelled at blocking, after the game against the University of Maryland head coach Danny Ford said \"Keith is the best blocking wide receiver I\'ve ever seen\". He was second on the team with 31 receptions and 475 receiving yards. His best regular season game came against North Carolina State University, when he had 6 receptions for 84 yards. In the 1988 Florida Citrus Bowl, he posted 7 receptions for a school-bowl record 110 yards against Penn State University. The 7 receptions were the most by a Tiger player since 1981.
As a senior, he led the team with 30 receptions and 397 receiving yards, while also collecting one receiving touchdown. He helped the Tigers win a third straight Atlantic Coast Conference championship.
He finished his career with 78 receptions (eighth in school history) for 1,117 yards (ninth in school history) and 2 touchdowns. During his time in college, his teams had a 34-12-2 record and appeared in 4 bowl games.
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# Keith Jennings (American football)
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Dallas Cowboys {#dallas_cowboys}
Jennings was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the fifth round (113th overall) of the 1989 NFL draft, with the intention of converting him into a tight end, even though he didn\'t have any previous experience at that position. He was released on September 4 and signed to the team\'s practice squad.
He was promoted to the active roster before the seventh game and went on to appear in 10 games. He played mainly on special teams and as a second tight end in short yardage situations. Against the Green Bay Packers he had 4 receptions for 37 yards. He was waived injured on September 2, 1990.
### Montreal Machine {#montreal_machine}
In 1991, he signed with the Montreal Machine of the World League of American Football. He was a backup tight end behind K. D. Dunn, tallying 4 receptions for 54 yards and one touchdown.
### Denver Broncos {#denver_broncos}
On July 3, 1991, he was signed as a free agent by the Denver Broncos. He was released on August 26, 1991.
### Chicago Bears {#chicago_bears}
On October 9, 1991, Jennings was signed as a free agent to replace Cap Boso who had suffered a career-ending knee injury. In 1992, he developed into a blocking tight end and was named the starter in place of James Thornton, who was placed on the injured reserve list on September 1.
He was released on August 28, 1994. On October 24, he was re-signed after starter Chris Gedney was lost for the season.
In 1995, he recorded the most touchdowns by a Bears tight end (6) since Mike Ditka\'s finished with 8 in 1963. The following season, he was placed on the injured reserve list with a broken left leg, after the sixth game of the season. He was waived injured on December 10, 1997.
### Detroit Lions {#detroit_lions}
On August 4, 1998, he signed with the Detroit Lions, before being waived on August 30.
### Las Vegas Outlaws {#las_vegas_outlaws}
On January 9, 2001, he was signed by the Las Vegas Outlaws of the XFL. He served as a third-string tight end behind Rickey Brady and didn\'t record any stat. The league ceased operations in May 2001.
## Post-playing career {#post_playing_career}
In 2017, Jennings was an undergraduate tight ends coach under Dabo Swinney at Clemson University. Also in 2017, he served as a scouting intern with the Buffalo Bills during training camp and preseason under the NFL Nunn-Wooten Scouting Fellowship. On June 11, 2018, he was hired as the Buffalo Bills BLESTO college scout. On May 17, 2024, Jennings was promoted to the role of area scout.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
His older brother Stanford Jennings played running back for the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League. His cousin Antonio Anderson played defensive tackle in the National Football League
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# Fender Bandmaster
The **Fender Bandmaster** was a musical instrument amplifier made by Fender. It was introduced in 1953 and discontinued in 1974. Some early models had both a microphone input and instrument inputs. Beginning in 1960, Bandmaster amps were equipped with a vibrato effect. In the 2000s, vintage Bandmaster amps remain in use by blues, Americana and rock and roll bands.
## Gallery
<File:1968_Fender_Bandmaster_front.jpg> \|Fender Bandmaster, silverface, 1968 \"drip-edge\" with AB763 circuit <File:1968_Fender_Bandmaster_back
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| 0 |
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# Štěchovice Reservoir
**Štěchovice Reservoir** (*Vodní nádrž Štěchovice*) is a reservoir on the Vltava River in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It was built from 1937 to 1945 as the second stage of the Vltava Cascade. The reservoir is named after the market town of Štěchovice.
The construction started before World War II and because of the need for electricity resources were allocated for the project in spite of general shortage. The power station was put in action in 1943. The reservoir had flooded St John\'s Rapids (*Svatojánské proudy*).
The main role of the reservoir is to balance the water runoff from peak-load power station at Slapy Reservoir and to propel two Kaplan turbines with total installed power 2 x 11.25 MW (Štěchovice I). A lock (20.1 m difference between water levels, length 118 m) handles ships with displacement up to 1,000 tons.
The reservoir is also used by the pumped-storage hydroelectric plant Štěchovice II whose upper reservoir was created on the top of hill Homole. The plant was set in operation in 1947 and closed in 1991 due to obsolescence. From 1992 to 1996 a new hydroelectric plant using the reservoirs was built. This plant uses reverse Francis turbine with power 45 MW.
During 2002 floods the turbines of both power plants were severely damaged. After overhaul the plants were put back in production in 2004 and 2005 respectively.
## Technical parameters of the reservoir {#technical_parameters_of_the_reservoir}
- height of the dam: 22.5 m
- length of the dam arch: 124 m
- held back water stretches 9.4 km
- reservoir area: 95.7 hectares
- water capacity: 11.2 million m³
- located on 84
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# Anatoly Kudryavitsky
**Anatoly Kudryavitsky** (Russian: Анатолий Исаевич Кудрявицкий; born 17 August 1954) is a Russian-Irish novelist, poet, editor and literary translator.
## Biography
Kudryavitsky\'s father, Jerzy, was a Ukrainian-born Polish naval officer who served in the Russian fleet based in the Far East, while his mother Nelly Kitterick, a music teacher, was the daughter of an Irishman from County Mayo who ended up in one of Joseph Stalin\'s concentration camps. His aunt Isabel Kitterick, also a music teacher as well as a musicologist, published a critically acclaimed book titled *Chopin\'s Lyrical Diary*. Having lived in Russia and Germany, Kudryavitsky now lives in South Dublin.
### Samizdat writer {#samizdat_writer}
Educated at Moscow Medical University, Kudryavitsky later studied Irish history and culture. In the 1980s he worked as a researcher in immunology, a journalist, and a literary translator. He started writing poetry in 1978, but under the communists was not permitted to publish his work openly. American poet Leonard Schwartz described him as
> \"a samizdat poet who had to put up with a good deal of abuse during the communist period and who has only been able to publish openly in recent years. In his \'poetics of silence\' the words count as much for the silence they make possible as for what they say themselves\"
### In Russia after 1989 {#in_russia_after_1989}
Since 1989, Kudryavitsky has published a number of short stories and seven collections of his Russian poems, the most recent being *In the White Flame of Waiting* (1994), *The Field of Eternal Stories* (1996), *Graffiti* (1998), and *Visitors\' Book* (2001). He has also published translations from English into Russian of such authors and poets as John Galsworthy (*Jocelyn*), William Somerset Maugham (*Up at the Villa*), Stephen Leacock (*Selected Stories*), Arthur Conan Doyle (*Selected Stories*), Emily Dickinson (*Selected Poems*); Stephen Crane (*Collected Poems*), Jim Morrison (*Selected Poems*), all in book form.
From 1993 till 1995 he was a member of the Meloimaginists poetry group. In the mid-1990s he edited the literary magazines *Strelets/The Archer* and *Inostrannaya Literatura/Foreign Literature*, as well as *Poetry of Silence* (A & B Press, 1998), an anthology of new Russian poetry. Two other anthologies, *Zhuzhukiny Deti* (NLO Publications, 2000), an anthology of Russian short stories and prose miniatures written in the second half of the twentieth century, and the anthology titled *Imagism* (Progress Publishing, 2001) were published more recently. The latter won The Independent/Ex Libris Best Translated Poetry Book of the Year Award in 2001. Kudryavitsky is a member of the Russian Writers\' Union and Irish and International PEN. In 1998 he founded the Russian Poetry Society and became its first President (1998--1999). Joseph Brodsky described him as \"a poet who gives voice to Russian Silence\".
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# Anatoly Kudryavitsky
## Biography
### In the West {#in_the_west}
After moving to Ireland in 2002, Kudryavitsky has written poetry, including haiku, predominantly in English, but continues to write fiction in Russian. Between 2006 and 2009 he worked as a creative writing tutor giving classes to members of Ireland\'s minority language communities. His book of English poems entitled *Shadow of Time* (2005) was published in Ireland by Goldsmith Press. Irish poet Iggy McGovern mentioned *Shadow of Time* among the best Irish books of the year (*Poetry Ireland Review* Newsletter, January/February 2006). *A Night in the Nabokov Hotel*, the anthology of contemporary Russian poetry translated into English by Kudryavitsky, was published in 2006 by Dedalus Press. He has translated more than forty contemporary Irish, English and American poets into Russian, and his own work has been translated into nine languages. He won the Edgeworth Prize for Poetry in 2003, and in 2017, the Mihai Eminescu Poetry Prize in Romania. In 2007, he re-established *Okno*, a Russian-language poetry magazine, as a web-only journal after a lapse of some 83 years, and edited it until 2014.
In 2008, Kudryavitsky\'s novel titled *The Case-Book of Inspector Mylls* was published in Moscow by Zakharov Books. This satirical novel is set in London, and bears the markings of the magic realism genre. In early 2009, another magic realist work of his, a novella entitled \"A Parade of Mirrors and Reflections\", appeared in \"Deti Ra\", a Russian literary magazine. In this novella, Yuri Andropov undergoes cloning. Kudryavitsky\'s other novella titled \"A Journey of a Snail to the Centre of the Shell\" appeared in the same \"Deti Ra\" magazine in July 2010. It is an extended haibun about the life and writings of a fictitious 19th-century Japanese haiku poet.
His second novel, \"The Flying Dutchman\", the first part of which has appeared in Okno magazine, was published in book-form in 2013. The work of magic realism has a subtitle, \"A Symphonic Poem\", and is written as a narrative mosaic of episodes set in both real and surreal worlds. It is about a Russian musicologist living in the 1970s and researching into the operas based on the old legend of the Flying Dutchman. He suddenly finds himself in trouble with the KGB, survives an attempt on his life and has to go into hiding. He escapes to a remote Russian province and rents an old house located on the bank of a big Russian river, where he lives like a recluse, observing nature and working on his new book. The house, which used to be an old barge, undergoes strange metamorphoses, rebuilding itself as a medieval ship. After some time the Russian police and the KGB locate his new whereabouts, put him under surveillance, and later figure out his identity. Now he is facing a choice between staying in the real world and escaping into another reality on board the Flying Dutchman\'s ship.
The English translation of his third novel, \"Shadowplay on a Sunless Day\", has been published in England by Glagoslav Publications in autumn 2013, simultaneously with the Russian edition, under one cover with his novella \"A Parade of Mirrors and Reflections\". The book titled \"DisUNITY\" was launched at the Frankfurt Book Fair 2013. The novel narrates about life in modern-days Moscow and emigrant life in Western Germany, and deals with problems of self-identification, national identity and the crises of the generation of \"new Europeans\".
According to Dublin Review of Books,
> Kudryavitsky explores and exposes the complexities of immigrant experience and identity, and the often arbitrary and dubious desires of a society to improve itself through selection and exclusion.
Carol Ermakova wrote the following in *The Linguist*:
> Kudryavitsky\'s work is often poetic, even lyrical, and one of the stylistic devices he often makes use of is the extended metaphor, often in association with the personification of nature. Another common theme is the overlap of the real/surreal, the merging of \"waking reality\" and the dream, and the juxtaposition of the beautiful and the grotesque.
Kudryavitsky was one of the judges for the 2010 International Dublin Literary Award.
### Haiku involvement {#haiku_involvement}
Kudryavitsky started writing haiku in Ireland. From 2007 till 2022 he edited *Shamrock Haiku Journal*. In 2006, he founded the Irish Haiku Society with Siofra O\'Donovan and Martin Vaughan. He is the current chairman of the society.
In 2007, one of his haiku won Honourable Mention at the Vancouver International Cherry Blossom Festival. In the same year he was awarded Capoliveri Haiku 2007 Premio Internazionale di Poesia (International Haiku Award, Italy). In 2008, he won the Suruga Baika Haiku Prize of Excellence (Japan) with the following haiku:
: sheep unmoved
: in the green grass\...
: a slow passing of clouds
In 2012, he won the Vladimir Devide International Haiku Award (Osaka, Japan) with the following haiku:
: on the steps
: of the Freedom Memorial,
: a discarded snake skin
In 2014, he won that award for the second time, with the following haiku:
: Fathers' Day --
: children measure old oaks
: by the length of their arms
He has translated haiku from several European languages into English.
His haiku collection titled *Capering Moons* (2011) was short-listed for the Haiku Foundation Touchstone Distinguished Book Award 2011. In 2012, he edited an anthology of haiku poetry from Ireland, *Bamboo Dreams*, which was short-listed for the Haiku Foundation Touchstone Distinguished Book Award 2012, and in 2016, an anthology of new haiku writing from Ireland, *Between the Leaves* (Arlen House). The same year Red Moon Press (USA) published his collection of haiku and related poems titled *Horizon*. In 2020, a book of his new and selected haiku and haibun entitled *Ten Thousand Birds* was published in India by Cyberwit Press.
In his interview for the Haiku International Association website he said the following:
> \"Haiku writing seems to be intuitive. Also, it changes a haiku poet's personality. Succumbing to the habit of self-observation, a poet can trace those changes in himself. This will probably give him a chance to look into himself, to connect with his inner self in this way...\"
### Surrealist poet {#surrealist_poet}
His other poems published since 2015, especially the ones included in his chapbook entitled *Stowaway* and his 2019 collection, *The Two-Headed Man and the Paper Life*, have been described as Surrealist. According to the critic Michael S. Begnal, reviewing Kudryavitsky\'s *Stowaway*, \"his style is abstract\... Alliteration and sibilance lead the way to a spectacular image. He is interested in the way images and language both construct our perception of the world, of consciousness.\" Another critic noted that in his work, \"ever-present is a tension between abstraction and *reality*, a questioning of the existence of *Truth*.\"
Since 2017 Kudryavitsky has been editing SurVision Magazine, an international online outlet for Surrealist poetry, which also has a book-publishing imprint, SurVision Books.
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# Anatoly Kudryavitsky
## Biography
### Translator
He edited and translated into English four anthologies of Russian poetry and anthologies of contemporary German and Ukrainian poetry published in the UK and Ireland. In 2020, he won the English PEN Translate Award for *Accursed Poets*, his anthology of dissident poetry from Soviet Russia
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# 1941–42 Serie A
The **1941-42 Serie A** was the forty-second edition of the Italian Football Championship and the thirteenth since 1929 re-branding to create Serie A. It was the nineteenth season from which the Italian Football Champions adorned their team jerseys in the subsequent season with a Scudetto. AS Roma were champions for the first time in their history and the first Italian Football Championship won by a team from outside Northern Italy. This was thus also their first scudetto since the scudetto started being awarded in 1924 and their first win contested as Serie A.
## Teams
Liguria and Modena had been promoted from Serie B.
## Final classification {#final_classification}
{{#invoke:sports table\|main\|style=WDL \|res_col_header=QR \|use_goal_ratio=y \|show_limit=5 \|winpoints=2
\|team1=ROM\|name_ROM=Roma \|team2=TOR\|name_TOR=Torino \|team3=VEN\|name_VEN=Venezia \|team4=GEN\|name_GEN=Genova 1893 \|team5=LAZ\|name_LAZ=Lazio \|team6=JUV\|name_JUV=Juventus \|team7=BOL\|name_BOL=Bologna \|team8=TRI\|name_TRI=Triestina \|team9=FIO\|name_FIO=Fiorentina \|team10=MIL\|name_MIL=Milano \|team11=LIG\|name_LIG=Liguria \|team12=AMB\|name_AMB=Ambrosiana-Inter \|team13=ATA\|name_ATA=Atalanta \|team14=LIV\|name_LIV=Livorno \|team15=NAP\|name_NAP=Napoli \|team16=MOD\|name_MOD=Modena \|win_ROM=16\|draw_ROM=10\|loss_ROM=4\|gf_ROM=55\|ga_ROM=21\|status_ROM=C \|win_TOR=16\|draw_TOR=7\|loss_TOR=7\|gf_TOR=60\|ga_TOR=39 \|win_VEN=15\|draw_VEN=8\|loss_VEN=7\|gf_VEN=40\|ga_VEN=25 \|win_GEN=13\|draw_GEN=11\|loss_GEN=6\|gf_GEN=53\|ga_GEN=35 \|win_LAZ=14\|draw_LAZ=9\|loss_LAZ=7\|gf_LAZ=55\|ga_LAZ=37 \|win_JUV=12\|draw_JUV=8\|loss_JUV=10\|gf_JUV=47\|ga_JUV=41 \|win_BOL=12\|draw_BOL=5\|loss_BOL=13\|gf_BOL=50\|ga_BOL=37 \|win_TRI=8\|draw_TRI=13\|loss_TRI=9\|gf_TRI=29\|ga_TRI=32 \|win_FIO=11\|draw_FIO=5\|loss_FIO=14\|gf_FIO=51\|ga_FIO=50 \|win_MIL=10\|draw_MIL=7\|loss_MIL=13\|gf_MIL=53\|ga_MIL=53 \|win_LIG=10\|draw_LIG=7\|loss_LIG=13\|gf_LIG=39\|ga_LIG=56 \|win_AMB=7\|draw_AMB=12\|loss_AMB=11\|gf_AMB=31\|ga_AMB=47 \|win_ATA=8\|draw_ATA=8\|loss_ATA=14\|gf_ATA=34\|ga_ATA=47 \|win_LIV=9\|draw_LIV=6\|loss_LIV=15\|gf_LIV=35\|ga_LIV=57 \|win_NAP=8\|draw_NAP=7\|loss_NAP=15\|gf_NAP=32\|ga_NAP=51\|status_NAP=R \|win_MOD=6\|draw_MOD=7\|loss_MOD=17\|gf_MOD=23\|ga_MOD=59\|status_MOD=R
\|col_C=green2\|text_C= \|result1=C \|col_R=Pink\|text_R=Relegation to Serie B \|result15=R\|result16=R \|update=complete\|source=goal average officially used in event of equal points
| 167 |
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| 0 |
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# J. B. West
**James Bernard West** (July 27, 1912 -- July 18, 1983) was the 6th Chief Usher of the White House serving from 1957 to 1969. His best-selling book, *Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies* (with Mary Lynn Kotz), documents his time in the executive mansion and is considered a good source of material on the First Families he served.
## Biography
West was born in Afton, Iowa, on July 27, 1912, to William and Sarah (`{{nee}}`{=mediawiki} McVey) West. He graduated from Creston High School in 1930 and moved to Washington in 1939, where he worked in the Veterans Administration.
West began work in the White House as assistant to the chief usher, Howell G. Crim, on March 1, 1941. He was promoted to Chief Usher when Crim retired in 1957. He was responsible for taking care of all activities occurring in the Executive Residence.
Letitia Baldrige, First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy{{\'s}} social secretary, called him \"the miracle maker of the White House\". Mrs. Kennedy herself gave him a vermeil cigarette case inscribed \"With deep appreciation for Jan. 20, 1961 - Nov. 22, 1963\" with the following letter:
> Dear Mr. West, This little gold box is a sad substitute for the Citation of Merit which President Kennedy was going to give you this last Fourth of July, for all that you did for your country for so many years, serving four Presidents with such extraordinary energy, tact and devotion. I had it made early this year when I knew he would never be able to give it to you himself in his beloved Rose Garden, which you also made possible. Dear Mr. West, you can imagine the words President Kennedy would have said about you in the Citation. I was looking forward with such joy to hearing him that day and to seeing you, whose passion is anonymity, and whose contribution has never been known except by Presidents. But please accept some additional words from me---you, more than anyone else, made our brief years in the White House so full of happiness. I will be grateful to you forever for all that you did for him, his last years were his happiest ones in spite of all the agony of the decisions he had to make in those years. Neither you nor I will ever forget him. Please accept this from me in lieu of so much more, in memory of President Kennedy and with the devotion of both of us. Sincerely, Jacqueline Kennedy
West oversaw the transition of Johnson to the White House following Kennedy\'s assassination.
With a staff of 72 and budget of \$750,000, West oversaw the day-to-day operation of the White House, the executive mansion\'s maintenance and renovation, and planning and execution of both formal and informal White House events. These included the funeral of John F. Kennedy and the wedding of Lynda Bird Johnson.
West announced his retirement from the White House on November 14, 1968. West left the White House on March 1, 1969.
Although West said he had no intention of writing his memoirs, in 1973 he wrote *Upstairs at the White House: My Life With the First Ladies.* It became a best-seller. Jonathan Yardley of *The Washington Post* later characterized West\'s book as one of two of the most useful memoirs written by a White House staffer, President, First Lady, or member of the First Family.
West died on July 18, 1983, at Northern Virginia Doctors Hospital (now Virginia Hospital Center) in Arlington County, Virginia, of respiratory failure. He was survived by his wife of 40 years, Zella, and his daughters Sally West and Kathy West Langhoff
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# Scott Galbraith
**Alan Scott Galbraith** (born January 7, 1967) is an American former professional football player who was a tight end in the National Football League (NFL) for the Cleveland Browns, Dallas Cowboys, Washington Redskins, and Green Bay Packers. He was part of the Super Bowl XXVIII championship team over the Buffalo Bills. He played college football for the USC Trojans.
## Early life {#early_life}
Galbraith attended Highlands High School in North Highlands, California. As a senior tight end, he posted 34 receptions and 6 touchdowns at tight end, while leading the team in tackles, while also starting on the defensive line. He received All-Northern California honors.
In basketball, he averaged 16 points per game and received league MVP honors as a senior.
## College career {#college_career}
Galbraith accepted a football scholarship from the University of Southern California. As a redshirt freshman, he was the third-string tight end behind Erik McKee and Paul Green. As a sophomore, with the graduation of tight end, he was a backup behind Green.
As a junior, he became a starter after replacing an injured Green, registering 21 receptions for 311 yards and 2 touchdowns.
As a senior, he earned his second consecutive All-Pac-10 honors and was a part of the 1990 Rose Bowl winning team. He finished his college career with 51 receptions for 571 yards and 5 touchdowns.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Cleveland Browns {#cleveland_browns}
Galbraith was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the seventh round (178th overall) of the 1990 NFL draft. As a rookie, he was third on the team with 10 special teams tackles. In 1991, he became a regular starter (13 starts) in two tight end formations.
In 1992, he missed the first 2 games in a contract holdout and was relegated to a backup role after the team signed free agent Mark Bavaro. He was waived on August 31, 1993, after Brian Kinchen and Clarence Williams passed him on the depth chart.
### Dallas Cowboys (first stint) {#dallas_cowboys_first_stint}
On November 11, 1993, he was signed as a free agent by the Dallas Cowboys to replace injured tight ends Jim Price and Alfredo Roberts. He was used as a blocking tight end, helping Emmitt Smith win a third consecutive rushing title with 283 carries for 1,486 yards. He also played on special teams. He was a part of the Super Bowl XXVIII championship team.
During his time with the team, he was mainly used as a backup to Jay Novacek and as a blocker.
### Washington Redskins {#washington_redskins}
On May 16, 1995, he signed as a free agent with the Washington Redskins. He started all 16 games and was used mainly as blocking tight end, helping Terry Allen rush for 1,309 yards and 10 touchdowns. Galbraith registered 10 receptions for 80 yards and 2 touchdowns.
In 1996, he started only 6 games, after being passed on the depth chart by Jamie Asher and James Jenkins. He was released on June 4, 1997.
### Dallas Cowboys (second stint) {#dallas_cowboys_second_stint}
On July 18, 1997, he was signed as a free agent by the Dallas Cowboys to provide depth as the third-string tight end, after the retirement of Jay Novacek and the release of Kendell Watkins. He wasn\'t re-signed after the season.
### Green Bay Packers {#green_bay_packers}
On December 23, 1998, he was signed by the Green Bay Packers to provide depth at tight end after Mark Chmura suffered a pulled right calf muscle. He wasn\'t re-signed after the season.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Galbraith is currently the Chaplain of the Sacramento Kings. He is a third generation preacher in the Church of God in Christ, starting with his great-grandfather who founded the first C.O.G.I.C. Church in California (Old Street Church of God in Christ)
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# Scottish Executive Development Department
The **Scottish Executive Development Department** (SEDD) was a civil service department of the Scottish Government from 1999 to 2007.
SEDD was responsible for the following areas in Scotland: social justice, housing, land use planning and building control. SEDD was directly responsible for various agencies of the Scottish Executive and other public bodies relating to these areas of responsibility.
Since early 2005 the Department was headed by Nicola Munro. The Minister for Communities was Rhona Brankin and she was assisted by the Deputy Minister for Communities, Des McNulty
| 92 |
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| 0 |
10,126,751 |
# Fender Bandmaster Reverb
The **Fender Bandmaster Reverb** was a tube amplifier made by Fender. It was primarily a Silverface Bandmaster piggyback \'head\' with the addition of reverb and vibrato and a modified circuit that shared more similarities with other Fender amplifiers. It was introduced in 1968 and was discontinued in 1980. The Bandmaster Reverb was produced in both a 40 watt and 70 watt tube variant, before being reissued as a vintage modified amplifier.
## History
The first version of the Fender Bandmaster Reverb was introduced in 1968 as a Silverface Bandmaster that offered reverb on the vibrato channel. Fender introduced the amplifier with a 5U4GB rectifier tube rather than the diode rectifier found in the previous Blackface Bandmaster. This resulted in the Bandmaster Reverb having reduced power over the standard model and increased sag and power amp break up. The revised circuit also places the gain stage within the reverb recovery circuit which causes the amp to break up earlier. These series amps offer the designations AA768, AA568, AA1069 and TFL5005.
A revised model was introduced in 1977 that increased power output to 70 watts. The output transformer was connected as ultra linear to the power tubes and larger filter caps were used. These changes increased the headroom of the amp and brought it more inline with the non-reverb versions. This was complemented by the added functionality of a master volume and a push/pull boost. Some later Bandmaster Reverbs also added a 3-band EQ on the Normal channel and a bright switch but this was uncommon across all models.
Master volume models with \"pull boost\" tone circuit, a Mid control knob for the Normal channel and a tailless amp decal were introduced in 1976. Power was increased from 40 to 70 watts/RMS; Line Out jack, hum balance pot and an ultra linear output transformer were added in 1977.
The amp was reissued in 2009 as the Band-Master VM (Vintage Modified series), and features many of the characteristics of the original. It is however largely a different amp as it models the blackface variants of the Bandmaster and adds reverb. On top of this it deviates from the traditional Bandmaster reverb formula in its use of a hybrid preamp section which utilises 12ax7 tube power alongside a DSP section.
## Circuit
There are several versions of the Bandmaster Reverb circuit:
Circuit Designation Pre-amp valves Power-amp valves Rectifier
--------------------- ----------------------------- ------------------ -----------
AA270 3x 7025, 2x 12AT7, 1x 12AX7 2x 6L6GC 5U4GB
AA768 3x 7025, 2x 12AT7, 1x 12AX7 2x 6L6GC GZ34
AA1069 3x 7025, 2x 12AT7, 1x 12AX7 2x 6L6GC 5U4GB
: Bandmaster Reverb Valve / Tube Compliments
The first two 7025 valves are used for the first stage pre-amps (one \'normal\' channel and one \'vibrato\'), the second 7025 being used for the reverb recovery and mixing stages. The single 12AT7 was used for the reverb driver while the 12AX7 was used for the vibrato circuit.
Note that the \'vibrato\' circuit is actually a \'tremolo\' effect in that it modulates amplitude not pitch of the signal
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# 20th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
The **20th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry** (Scott Legion) was a volunteer infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War. One of the Keystone State\'s three-month service regiments, this unit\'s tour of duty took its members from Philadelphia to South Central Pennsylvania and then southeast to Maryland and Virginia (into Martinsburg and other areas that are now part of West Virginia).
## History
Formed during a meeting on Thursday, April 25, 1861, by members of the \"Scott Legion,\" a group of soldiers who had served under General Winfield Scott during the Mexican--American War, the 20th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry was led by William H. Gray, a 46-year-old resident of Philadelphia, who had been appointed as commanding officer of the regiment and awarded the rank of colonel at this same meeting, Gray then began his recruitment efforts the next day at multiple recruiting locations in Philadelphia. By Saturday of that same week, his ranks were full and, by the next week, were overflowing as an additional 600 men volunteered.
Mustering in at Philadelphia on April 30, the newly enlisted men then elected the following as Field and Staff Officers on May 7: George Moore, lieutenant colonel; Andrew H. Tippin, major; Edwin R. Biles, adjutant; Charles A. Jones, quartermaster; A. B. Campbell, surgeon; Samuel H. Horner, assistant surgeon; and William Fulton, chaplain. According to Bates, \"Of the thirty-seven \[company and field\] officers chosen, nearly all were elected unanimously, and thirty-one of this number were members of \[the Scott Legion.\"
The most senior officers for each company of the regiment were:
- Company A: A. S. Tourison, captain; Enoch Thomas, first lieutenant; William J. Mackey, second lieutenant; William H. Tourison, first sergeant;
- Company B: Edward E. Wallace, captain; Lafayette Thomas, first lieutenant; Isaac Williams, second lieutenant; William H. Forbes, first sergeant;
- Company C: John Spear, captain; Thomas G. Funston, first lieutenant; Edward L. Poalk, second lieutenant; John B. Buck, first sergeant;
- Company D: Anthony H. Reynolds, captain; Alexander Lorilliard, first lieutenant; Charles J. Bates, second lieutenant; Francis H. Casey, first sergeant;
- Company E: Thomas Hawksworth, captain; William Stiff, first lieutenant; James A. Sawyer, second lieutenant; Robert Pollard, first sergeant;
- Company F: John P. Carie, captain; Milton S. Davis, first lieutenant; Garrett B. Culin, second lieutenant; T. Vincent Bonsald, first sergeant;
- Company G: Hiram B. Yeager, captain; Theodore B. Dunham, first lieutenant; Cephas M. Hodgson, second lieutenant; Lewis Passmore, first sergeant;
- Company H: James Crosson, captain; Robert Winslow, first lieutenant; John Arrison, first lieutenant; Alfred Moylan, second lieutenant; Charles W. Myers, first sergeant;
- Company I: George W. Todd, captain; Edward Y. Buchanan, first lieutenant; Richard M. Jones, second lieutenant; James B. Venai, first sergeant;
- Company K: William H. Sickels, captain; Jediah Rumble, first lieutenant; George W. Gampher, second lieutenant; and Anthony W. Thompson, first lieutenant.
Per a notice from the Scott Legion, which was published in the *[Columbia Democrat](https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85025181/1861-06-08/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1847&index=0&date2=1861&searchType=advanced&language=&sequence=0&words=Legion+legion+Scott&proxdistance=5&state=Pennsylvania&rows=20&ortext=&proxtext=&phrasetext=Scott+Legion&andtext=&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1)* in Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania in June, 1861 after having first appeared in *The Philadelphia Inquirer*:
> The Scott Legion of this city \[Philadelphia\] have formed one regiment, now in service for three years, and have a second regiment ready to be sworn in at any time. The officers of these regiments are members of the old Scott legion, who served so effectively during the Mexican war. The Captains and Lieutenants are all above thirty, or twenty-two years of age\....
Initially stationed at the Post Office in Philadelphia, the 20th Pennsylvania Volunteers were \"clothed in the old United States blue jacket and pants,\" according to Bates, equipped with rifled muskets, and given basic training in both Scott\'s and Hardee\'s infantry tactics. Honing their marching skills during a series of dress parades, they also engaged in periodic battalion drills at the State House yard before the regiment was moved to Suffolk Park, six miles outside of Philadelphia. Stationed there for two weeks, during which the men received additional arms training, the regiment was then ordered to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, where it was attached to Major General Robert Patterson\'s army as part of the 3rd Brigade, First Division.
The *Bedford Inquirer* then reported on the regiment\'s presence at Chambersburg on June 2:
> Chambersburg, June 2.-- General Patterson and his staff reached here this morning, Captain McMullin\'s Rangers met with enthusiastic greeting at every station along the road from Harrisburg. The Rangers are quartered in the woods near the First City Troop. The latter are in fine health and spirits. The Scott Legion, encamped three miles south of the town, bear their fatigue well\....
Ordered to move out with their brigade on June 8, the 20th Pennsylvania Volunteers made camp at Greencastle, Pennsylvania before moving again to sites in Maryland near the St. James School (Hagerstown) and Williamsport. On July 2, they moved out with the entire Army of the Shenandoah, making their way to Martinsburg and Bunker Hill, Virginia, where they were assigned to protect the army\'s main column as it moved on to Charlestown in an attempt to pin down General Joseph E. Johnston\'s Confederate forces. Continuing their forward movement, the 20th Pennsylvania then joined with other Union troops from the Army of the Shenandoah to seize and occupy Keyes\' Ford.
On July 24, the regiment was ordered back to Philadelphia, where it was mustered out August 6, having honorably completed its three months\' service.
## Casualties
According to rosters for the 20th Pennsylvania, which are maintained online by the Pennsylvania State Archives, only one member of the regiment was reported as a casualty -- Pvt. Thomas H. Ford of Company D, who was honorably discharged on a surgeon\'s certificate of disability. Based on these same records, no other casualties were incurred by the regiment during its three-month tenure of service.
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# 20th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
## Gallery
<File:Capt>. John P. Carie, 20th Pennsylvania Infantry, Co. F and 91st Pennsylvania Infantry, Co. I, 1861.jpg\|Capt. John P. Carie <File:Lt>. Col. George W. Todd, 20th Pennsylvania Infantry, Co. I and 91st Pennsylvania Infantry, 1861.jpg\|Capt. George W. Todd (shown as Lt. Col
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# 1787 in Ireland
Events from the year **1787 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George III
## Events
- 19 August -- John Butler, 12th Baron Dunboyne, having resigned as Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork and married a cousin, Maria, contrary to his vow of celibacy, swears oaths of allegiance, abjuration and Supremacy of the monarch as Supreme Governor of the Church of England in Clonmel, the only authenticated apostate in the Catholic hierarchy in Ireland.
- 30 August -- the Richardson Baronetcy, of Augher in the County of Tyrone, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland for William Richardson.
- 31 August -- the Carden Baronetcy, of Templemore in the County of Tipperary, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland for John Carden, commander of the 30th Regiment of Light Dragoons, which he had helped raise.
- 3 September -- the Leslie Baronetcy, of Tarbert in the County of Kerry, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland for Edward Leslie.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- The first Theatre Royal, Dublin, closes.
## Births
- 19 January -- Mary Aikenhead, founder of the Sisters of Charity (died 1858).
- 9 March -- Robert Carew, 1st Baron Carew, politician (died 1856).
Full date unknown
:\*Edward Eagar, lawyer and criminal transported to Australia, politician (died 1866).
:\*Reverend William Hickey, writer and philanthropist (died 1875).
:\*Bishop Charles McNally, Bishop of Diocese of Clogher (died 1864).
:\*James Roche Verling, British Army surgeon, became personal surgeon to Napoleon Bonaparte on St Helena (died 1858).
## Deaths
- March -- George Montgomery, politician (born c.1727).
- 12 March -- Marcus Paterson, lawyer and politician (born 1712).
- 4 May -- Philip Skelton, clergyman and writer (born 1707).
- September -- Philip Phillips, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuam.
- December -- John Proby Osborne, lawyer and politician (born 1755).
- Francis Conyngham, 2nd Baron Conyngham, politician (born c.1725)
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# Académie de Poésie et de Musique
The **Académie de Poésie et de Musique** (*Académie de poésie et de musique*), later renamed the **Académie du Palais**, was the first Academy in France. It was founded in 1570 under the auspices of Charles IX of France by the poet Jean-Antoine de Baïf and the musician Joachim Thibault de Courville.
## Overview
The purpose of the Académie was to revive Classical Greek and Roman poetry and music. It met regularly at Baïf\'s house in Paris, and had two classes of members --- \"musicians\", or poets, singers and instrumentalists; and \"auditors\", or subscribers who helped support the academy financially. Baïf\'s intention was to revitalise and transform French poetry by applying the ancient metres (*vers mesurés à l\'antique*) to it, and combining it with simple music following ancient metres (*musique mesurée à l\'antique*).
Although the ostensible purpose of the Académie was musico-poetic, Baïf\'s goals were much more ambitious -- he hoped that through a structuring of French poetry, he might bring about a more structured social order and morality. This goal followed from Neo-Platonic ideals, where music and morality are closely linked. To this end, discussions were not limited to music and poetry, but also included discussions of Natural philosophy, mathematics, and other subjects. Baïf was influenced at least in part by the *Accademia Platonica* of Marsilio Ficino in Florence. Other influences on the creation of the Académie were the teacher and poet Jean Daurat, Pierre de Ronsard, and other members of *La Pléiade*, a literary group.
Despite Baïf\'s goals of spreading his philosophy, the Académie kept the art of measured poetry and music a secret. In order to help further his goals, Baïf enlisted the help of French musicians, the most influential of whom was Claude Le Jeune. Le Jeune\'s experiments influenced musical setting of French poetry, including the use of irregular metres in the *air de cour*, for several generations, despite the influence of the academy itself being much shorter in duration. Other musicians involved included Eustache du Caurroy and Jacques Mauduit.
When Charles IX died, the Académie became far less active. It had a renaissance for a short time under Henry III of France when it met in the Louvre under the name Académie du Palais. At this time Guy du Faur de Pibrac took over, and the focus of the group shifted to oratory and debate
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# Maaten al-Sarra Air Base
The **Maaten al-Sarra Air Base** is an airbase in southernmost Libya located near the Ma\'tan as-Sarra oasis in the Kufra district. It is one of the 13 military airbases in Libya.
During the final phase of the Chadian-Libyan conflict, Maaten al-Sarra was the main air base in Southern Libya, having three modern runways and parking space for over 100 combat aircraft.
## History
When in 1987 the Chadian army attacked Libyan positions in northern Chad, in the Toyota War, after a string of victories the Chadians were defeated in August in the Battle of Aouzou, mainly due to Libyan airpower. The Chadian command decided that before renewing the offensive against the Aouzou Strip, it was vital to deal with the threat represented by the Libyan Air Force, and thus planned a surprise attack on Maaten al-Sarra, 60 miles north of the Chadian--Libyan border. The attack, which took place on September 5, was one of the most significant Chadian victories in the conflict, with 1,700 Libyans killed and 300 taken prisoner. The Chadian victory, because of Libyan demoralization at home and international hostility, brought an agreed ceasefire on September 11 that put an end to the war
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# The Bastard Fairies
**The Bastard Fairies** were an American musical group from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2005. They are described as an \"internet phenomenon,\" becoming at one point the No. 18 Most Subscribed (All Time) Musicians and No. 31 Most Viewed (All Time) Musician on YouTube. They achieved a measure of fame for a non-musical reason, after releasing a promotional video that received media attention on Fox News. The band\'s debut album, *Memento Mori*, was released in April 2007.
## Band biography {#band_biography}
The band\'s website describes the group as being composed of two members, singer/lyricist Yellow Thunder Woman and guitarist/songwriter Robin Davey. Yellow Thunder Woman was a Native American (\"Yellow Thunder Woman\" being the English translation of her birth name, Wakinyan Zi Win), while her bandmate Davey is a British expatriate from Great Cheverell, near Devizes, Wiltshire, formerly in The Davey Brothers with his brother Jesse. The Davey Brothers album \'Monkey Number 09\' was released on AN Records, a label owned by Dave Stewart of Eurythmics. Robin Davey and Yellow Thunder Woman, with Dave Stewart as executive producer, created an award-winning documentary film called *The Canary Effect*, which \"takes an in-depth look at the devastating effect that U.S. policies have had on the Indigenous people of America.\" *The Canary Effect* won \'The Stanley Kubrick Award For Bold and Innovative Film Making\' at Michael Moore\'s Traverse City Film Festival in 2006, and \'Best Music Video\' Award at The American Indian Motion Picture Awards in 2006.
The band recorded their album *Memento Mori* \"on a Mac\" and has released twelve of its songs for free on their website as a means of \"spreading the word about their music\"; the version in stores includes five additional tracks. A track from that album, \"The Boy Next Door,\" was featured on The L Word, episode eleven of the third season.
In August 2021, Yellow Thunder Woman died at the age of 40.
## Controversial video {#controversial_video}
The band released a promotional video entitled \"The Coolest 8 Year Old In The World Talks About O\'Reilly,\" featuring a young girl discussing a number of political, religious, and social issues. The video was featured on *The O\'Reilly Factor*, whose host is mentioned in the title, and was described as \"child abuse\" and \"emotional abuse\" in a discussion between host Bill O\'Reilly and lawyer/\"child advocate\" Wendy Murphy, who recommends shunning the child and her family. The band clarified the content of the video on the video\'s YouTube page:
As of September 11, 2007, the video has received more than 1.6 million views and holds several honors on YouTube, including a ranking as the No. 10 all-time most-discussed video for news and politics
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# Urddalsknuten
**Urddalsknuten** or **Urdalsknuten** is a mountain that lies on the border of the municipalities of Sirdal and Valle in Agder county, Norway. The 1434 m mountain is located in the Setesdalsheiene mountain range. The mountain lies about 22 km west of the village of Valle. The lakes Botnsvatnet, Kolsvatnet, and Rosskreppfjorden surround the mountain to the northeast and south and the mountain Bergeheii lies directly to the north
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# Keith Haslam
**Keith Haslam** is a former owner, CEO and chairman of Mansfield Town.
Haslam bought the club in 1993. During his tenure, he amassed personal and inter-company loans of over £1,000,000 at their peak. In 2006, it was understood that he still owed the club part of the value of his personal loan, but refused to consider paying it back because he claimed it was an inter-company loan.
On 26 April 2008, following the club\'s relegation to the Conference, Haslam was punched and kicked by Mansfield fans, requiring hospital treatment. At the end of the 2007-08 season, he sold the club to a consortium led by Andy Perry.
In December 2008, Haslam controversially announced a club dividend of £2.44m, £2.36m of which went to a company belonging to him. The legality of that was challenged by the new owners. Haslam used £1.9m of the money to buy the club\'s home ground, Field Mill, separating the ground from the club. In March 2012, Haslam leased Field Mill to the club\'s owner, local businessman John Radford, who had bought the club for £1 in 2010. The lease arrangement ended in 2019, with Radford buying the freehold of Field Mill, finally ending Haslam\'s involvement with Mansfield Town
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# Grigori F. Krivosheev
**Grigoriy Fedotovich Krivosheyev** (*Григорий Федотович Кривошеев*, 15 September 1929 -- 29 April 2019) was a Russian military historian and a Colonel General of the Russian military. He is mostly known in the West, via an alternative transliteration of his name, ***Krivosheev***, as the editor of a book on Soviet military casualties in the 20th century, which was translated and published in English.
## Biography
Grigoriy Krivosheyev was born in the village of Kinterep, Legostayevsky (now Maslyaninsky District) of the Novosibirsk Oblast (province) in western Siberia.
He was a graduate of the Frunze Military Academy. A Ph.D. (Candidate of Sciences) in military science, from 1995 Krivosheyev is a professor in the Russian Academy of Military Sciences.
## Published works {#published_works}
General Krivosheyev became widely known after the 1993 publication of the book titled *Гриф секретности снят: Потери Вооруженных Сил СССР в войнах, боевых действиях и военных конфликтах* (Transliteration: *Grif sekretnosti snyat: poteri vooruzhyonnyh sil SSSR v voynah, boevyh deystviyah i voennyh konfliktah*), originally in Russian, and about Soviet military casualties in various conflicts of the twentieth century, particularly in World War II. With Krivosheyev being the general editor of the book, this analysis prepared by historians based on declassified Soviet archival data represents the first comprehensive attempt to scientifically address the losses of the armed forces of the former Soviet Union during World War II. Previously, the number of human casualties was mostly a matter of political speculations, and widely fluctuated with changes in political expediencies. In 1997 Krivosheyev\'s book was translated and published in English under the title of *Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century*.
A follow-up book also under editorship of Krivosheyev addressed Russian and Soviet combat losses in the wars of the 20th century, titled *Russia and the USSR in the Wars of the Twentieth Century: Losses of the Armed Forces. A Statistical Study*, was published in Moscow in 2001.
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# Grigori F. Krivosheev
## Commentary on Krivosheev {#commentary_on_krivosheev}
Krivosheev\'s analysis has generally been accepted by historians, however his study has been disputed by some independent researchers in Russia. His critics maintain that he underestimated the number of missing in action and POW deaths and deaths of service personnel in rear area hospitals. Makhmut Gareev former Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR maintains that the published information on Soviet casualties is the work of the individual authors and not based on official data. According to Gareev the Russian government has not disclosed the actual losses in the war. In 2000 S. N. Mikhalev published a study of Soviet casualties. From 1989 to 1996 he was an associate of the Institute of Military History of the Ministry of Defence. Mikhalev disputed Krivosheev\'s figure of 8.7 million military war dead, he put the losses of the at more than 10.9 million persons based on his analysis of those conscripted. He maintained that the official figures cannot be reconciled to the total men drafted and that POW deaths were understated. Mikhalev put total irreplaceable losses at 13.7 million, he believed at the official figures understated POW and missing losses, the deaths of service personnel convicted of offenses were not included with overall losses and the number that died of wounds was understated. German historian Roman Töppel, in his 2017 book on the battle of Kursk (written after consulting all available armies and units archives), noted that Krivosheev\'s figures for the Battle of Kursk are underestimated, probably by 40%
Krivosheev did maintain POW and MIA losses of the combat forces were actually 1.783 million, according to Krivosheev the higher figures of dead includes reservists not on active strength, civilians and military personnel who were captured in the war.
## Death
Krivosheev died on 29 April 2019 and was buried in the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery on 2 May 2019
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# Robert A. McKee
**Robert McKee** (born May 7, 1949) is a former member of the Maryland House of Delegates, having represented District 2A, which covers part of Washington County. McKee was first elected into office in 1994 when he defeated Democrat Richard E. Roulette. In 1998 he ran unopposed. In 2002, he defeated Peter E. Perini Sr. with 75% of the vote and in 2006, he again ran unopposed, out-matching the write-ins with 99.2% of the vote.
## Education
Delegate Robert McKee graduated from South Hagerstown High School. After finishing high school he attended Hagerstown Junior College, where he received his Associates of Arts Degree in 1969. He then transferred to Lynchburg College where he earned his Bachelor of Arts Degree in political science in 1971. Later, he attended Frostburg State University where graduated with his Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) in 1991.
## Career
McKee has been active in his community since graduating from college. He served as a Hospital Corpsman in the U.S. Naval Reserve from 1971 to 1977. He served as the executive director of the Big Brothers/Big Sisters of Washington County, Maryland. He was selected to be a delegate to the Republican Party National Convention in 1972. As a member of the Hagerstown Jaycees, he was the Chaplain from 1978 to 1984.
McKee was the Chair of the Citizens Advisory Committee for the Lincolnshire School from 1980 to 1984. He was the President of the Little League of Halfway from 1980 to 1985, and again from 1992 to 1994. Simultaneously, he was the Treasurer of the Washington County Mental Health Association from 1980 to 1987 and Secretary of the Antietam Exchange Club since 1984. Finally, he was Secretary of Parent and Child Center Advisory Committee from 1985 to 1988.
He has received several awards including the Carey Brewer Alumni Award from Lynchburg College, in 1986.
### Controversy
McKee resigned from the House of Delegates on February 15, 2008, after members of the cyber crime unit searched McKee\'s home, removing a personal computer and other undisclosed items, during a child pornography investigation. McKee\'s replacement was Republican Andrew A. Serafini.
McKee pleaded guilty to possession of child pornography on September 5, 2008, and was sentenced to a 37-month term, which will be followed by lifetime supervised probation. U.S. District Judge William D. Quarles Jr. also ordered McKee to register as a sex offender.
### Legislative notes {#legislative_notes}
- voted against the Clean Indoor Air Act of 2007 (HB359)
- voted against in-state tuition for illegal immigrants in 2007 (HB6)[1](http://mlis.state.md.us/2007RS/votes/house/0690.htm)
- voted against the Healthy Air Act in 2006 (SB154)[2](http://mlis.state.md.us/2006rs/votes/house/0942.htm)
- voted for slots in 2005 (HB1361)[3](http://mlis.state.md.us/2005rs/votes/house/0152.htm)
- voted for electric deregulation in 1999 (HB870) [4](http://mlis.state.md.us/1999rs/votes/house/0870.htm)
## Election results {#election_results}
- **2006 Race for Maryland State Senate -- District 2A**
:
: **Voters to choose one:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Robert A. McKee, Rep. \|11,676 \| 99.2% \| **Won** \|- \|- \|Other write-ins \|94 \| 0.8% \| Lost \|}
- **2002 Race for Maryland State Senate -- District 2A**
:
: **Voters to choose one:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Robert A. McKee, Rep. \|10,223 \| 74.67% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Peter E. Perini Sr. \|3,447 \| 25.18% \| Lost \|}
- **1998 Race for Maryland State Senate -- District 2A**
:
: **Voters to choose one:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Robert A. McKee, Rep. \|8,198 \| 100% \| **Won** \|- \|}
- **1994 Race for Maryland State Senate -- District 2A**
:
: **Voters to choose one:**
: {\| class=\"wikitable\"
\|- !Name !Votes !Percent !Outcome \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} \|Robert A. McKee, Rep. \|6,085 \| 64% \| **Won** \|- \|-`{{Party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} \|Richard E
| 626 |
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| 0 |
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# Guys Read
upright=0.56\|thumb\|right\|Guys Read logo
**Guys Read** is a web-based literacy program for boys founded by author Jon Scieszka in 2001. Its mission is \"to help boys become self-motivated, lifelong readers\" by bringing attention to the issue, promoting the expansion of what is called \"reading\" to include materials like comic books, and encouraging grown men to be literacy role models.
Scieszka said, \"It kind of came out of my experience both as growing up a guy, for starters, and then going into elementary school teaching, where I found that the guy sensibility isn\'t really appreciated there, mostly that the world of elementary school is probably like 85% women - teachers and librarians.\" As for how exactly to motivate boys to read, Scieszka said, \"I think the best way to do it is to give them things they like to read\... What we haven\'t done with boys is we haven\'t really given them a broad range of reading. In schools, what\'s seen as reading is so narrow: it\'s literary, realistic fiction.\"
The Guys Read website includes a large list of \"books that guys read\", instructions as to how to start a Guys Read \"field office\" (or book club), a blog, and links to many boy-loved authors\' websites.
*Guys Write for Guys Read*, the first book to come out of the program, is a compilation that features over eighty stories and illustrations from noted male authors and illustrators who shared stories from their own childhoods. It contains contributions from Lloyd Alexander, Christopher Paolini, Ned Vizzini, James Howe, Mo Willems, Jack Gantos, Stephen King, Neil Gaiman, and other male children\'s and young adult authors.
In 2010, Scieszka started the Guys Read Library of Great Reading -- collections of original short stories by male and female authors who boys enjoy reading, grouped by genre. The first volume is humor, *Guys Read: Funny Business*; the second is mystery, *Guys Read: Thriller*; the third is sports, *Guys Read: The Sports Pages.* The fourth volume in the collection is sci-fi/fantasy, titled *Guys Read: Other Worlds.* The fifth volume\'s theme is nonfiction, titled *Guys Read: True Stories.* A sixth volume, whose theme is horror, titled *Guys Read: Terrifying Tales,* was released on September 1, 2015. This was followed by another volume called *Guys Read: Heroes and Villains,* in April 2017.
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# Guys Read
## Guys Read books {#guys_read_books}
### Initial Guys Read book {#initial_guys_read_book}
- *Guys Write for Guys Read* - Viking Press - 2005
### Guys Read anthologies {#guys_read_anthologies}
- *Guys Read: Funny Business* - contributors: Mac Barnett, David Yoo, Patrick Carman, Christopher Paul Curtis, Kate DiCamillo, Paul Feig, Eion Colfer, Jack Gantos, Jeff Kinney, David Lubar, Adam Rex - Walden Pond Press - 2010
- *Guys Read: Thriller* - contributors: M. T. Anderson, Gennifer Choldenko, Matt de la Peña, Margaret Peterson Haddix, Bruce Hale, Jarrett J. Krosoczka, Anthony Horowitz, Walter Dean Myers - Walden Pond Press - 2011
- *Guys Read: The Sports Pages* - contributors: Gordon Korman, Chris Rylander, Dan Gutman, Anne Ursu, Tim Green, Joseph Bruchac, Jacqueline Woodson, with illustrations by Dan Santat - Walden Pond Press - 2012
- *Guys Read: Other Worlds -* contributors: Rick Riordan, Tom Angleberger, D. J. MacHale, Rebecca Stead, Ray Bradbury, Shaun Tan, Neal Shusterman, Shannon Hale, Kenneth Oppel, Eric Nylund, and illustrations by Greg Ruth - Walden Pond Press - 2013
- *Guys Read: True Stories* - contributors: Jim Murphy, Elizabeth Partridge, Nathan Hale, James Sturm, Candace Fleming, Douglas Florian, Sy Montgomery, Steve Sheinkin, T. Edward Nickens, Thanhha Lai - Walden Pond Press - 2014
- *Guys Read: Terrifying Tales* - contributors: Adam Gidwitz, R.L. Stine, Dav Pilkey, Michael Buckley, Claire Legrand, Nikki Loftin, Adele Griffin, Kelly Barnhill, Lisa Brown, Daniel José Older, Rita Williams-Garcia, and illustrations by Gris Grimly - Walden Pond Press - 2015
- *Guys Read: Heroes & Villains*, contributors: Christopher Healy, Sharon Creech, Cathy Camper, Laurie Halse Anderson, Ingrid Law, Deborah Hopkinson, Pam Muñoz Ryan, Eugene Yelchin, Jack Gantos, Lemony Snicket - Walden Pond Press - 2017
## Guys Read field offices {#guys_read_field_offices}
Guys Read field offices are reading clubs held in homes, classrooms, libraries and bookstores. They are located in 28 U.S. States, as well as Mexico, Canada, Ireland, Scotland, and Australia
| 318 |
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# Groove Theory (album)
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{{album chart|Australia|29|artist=Groove Theory|album=Groove Theory|rowheader=true|access-date=July 3, 2022}}
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| 0 |
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# Saga dialect
The `{{nihongo|'''Saga dialect'''|佐賀弁|Saga-ben}}`{=mediawiki} is a dialect of the Japanese language widely spoken in Saga Prefecture and some other areas, such as Isahaya. It is influenced by Kyushu dialect and Hichiku dialect. Saga-ben is further divided by accents centered on individual towns.
The Saga dialect, like most dialects of rural Kyushu, can be nearly unintelligible to people who are accustomed to standard Japanese. A popular urban legend has it that two Saga-ben speakers met up in Tokyo and bystanders mistook their dialect for Chinese.
## Characteristics
Many of Saga\'s dialectical properties are variants, in particles or conjugations, of standard Japanese.
- Words are often repeated twice.
- The sentence-ending particle \"よ\" (yo) becomes \"ばい\" (bai) or \"たい\" (tai).
- The contrastive conjunction \"ばってん\" (batten) (somewhat equivalent to English\'s \"however\") replaces standard Japanese equivalents.
- The operative particle \"を\" (o) is replaced with \"ば\".
- Ex.:手紙ば書いた=Wrote \[a\] letter.
- The particle \"が\" (ga), when referring to other people, is replaced with \"の\" (no).
- Ex.:黒君の書いた=Kuro-kun wrote \[it\].
- Traditional masu-form keigo is replaced by the suffix \"～しんさつ\" (shinsatsu), \"～しんさる\" (shinsaru), \"～しよんさつ\"(shonsatsu), or \"～しよんさる\" (shonsaru).
- Ex.:手紙をかきよんさった=Wrote \[polite\] \[a\] letter.
- The direction particles \"に\" (ni) and \"へ\" (he) are replaced with \"さい\" (sai).
- Ex.:学校さい行く=Go to school.
- The explanatory \"の\" is replaced by \"と\" (to).
- Ex.:手紙を書いたと？= Wrote \[a\] letter \[explanation request\].
- The continuative conjugation \"～ている\" (teiru)becomes \"とっ\".
- Ex.:書いとっ=\[Someone is\] writing.
- In the passive conjugation of a verb, \"れ\" (re) is taken out and \"る\" (ru) becomes a long vowel, or doubles the next consonant.
- Ex.:書かれる (writing; passive voice) becomes replaced with 書かるう or 書かるっ.
- I-adjectives have their \"い\" (I)s replaced with \"か\" (ka)s.
- Ex.: `{{nihongo|cold|寒い}}`{=mediawiki} becomes 寒か.
- Na-adjectives sometimes have a か added on, reminiscent of the above characteristic. This seems to happen more in the south.
- Ex.: じょうず (joozu) becomes じょうずか (joozuka).
- Pronunciation is similar to Hakata dialect in the following: \"sa, shi, su, se, so\" become \"sha, shii, shu, she, sho\". In addition, Saga-ben also has the unique pronunciations of \"za, zu, ze, da, ga,\" and \"na\" rendered as \"ja, ju, je, ja, gya,\" and \"nya\", respectively.
- \"～ない\" (nai) conjugations become \"ん\" (n) the \"ない\" adjective itself becomes \"なか\" (naka)). This reflects the negative archaic/rude conjugation in standard Japanese. For example, whereas 食べん would be rude in eastern Japan, in Saga-ben it is standard.
- Ex.:分からない becomes 分からん
- The Saga-ben version of 好きじゃない is either 好かん or 好きじゃなか
- I-adjectives\' \"い\"s become \"さ\" (sa) in when the speaker wants to add strong emphasis.
- I-adjectives\' continuative form\'s \"く\" (ku) becomes a modifying \"う\" (u) that elongates and possibly changes the vowel of the character before it.
- Ex.:`{{nihongo|interesting (continuative)|おもしろく (omoshiroku)}}`{=mediawiki} becomes \"おもしろう\" (omoshiroo); `{{nihongo|fun (continuative)|楽しく}}`{=mediawiki} becomes 楽しゅう.
### これ, それ, あれ, どれ (kore, sore, are, dore) Series {#これ_それ_あれ_どれ_kore_sore_are_dore_series}
The Demonstrative series is uniquely pronounced in Saga-dialect.
- The normal これ, それ, あれ, どれ series in Japanese (this, that, yon, and which respectively) has its れ sounds replaced with い. 俺 also follows this pattern, and becomes おい (oi). Indeed, many words follow this pattern; even 誰 becomes だい (dai).
- The related words どう (doo), こう (koo), and そう (soo) become どがん (dogan), そがん (sogan), and こがん (kogan), respectively. An even more rustic conjugation set of these words is どぎゃん (dogyan), そぎゃん (sogyan), and こぎゃん (kogyan).
## Vocabulary
Saga-ben contains much characteristic vocabulary. Examples are included (with standard Japanese, where applicable) in the following table:
Saga-ben Standard Japanese English gloss
-------------------------------- ------------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------
おばっちゃん (o-batchan) おば-ちゃん (o-bachan) granny
いわじいにゃ (iwajiinya) 言わないのよ I\'m not saying
きんしゃ (kinsha) 来る Come
あばかん (abakan) \- Too small, and cannot be fit into
がばい (gabai) すごく(sugoku) Terribly; extremely
～ごた (gota) のようだ (noyooda) It\'s that way
うーか (uuka) 多い Many
うすか (usuka) 怖い Scary
くさい (kusai) だ！;だよ！(da! ; dayo) (copula; affirmative particle)
しぎーのする (shigiinosuru) しびれる (shibireru) Fall asleep (of a limb)
じゃーた (Jaata) 出した came out
すらごと (suragoto) 嘘 (uso) Falsehood
とっとっと (tottotto) 取っているの taken/reserved (w/explanation particle)
～とけ (toke) なのに (nanoni) despite\~
ふうけもん (fuukemon) バカ idiot
みたんなか (mitannaka) みっともない (mittomonai) shameful; extremely
きゃーないた (kyaanaita) 疲れた tired
ぎゃーけした (gyaakeshita) 風邪をひった caught a cold
～やろー (yaroo) 〜なんでしょう;〜だろ (nandeshoo; daro) I guess; probably (rhetorical)
～やん (yan) 〜じゃん (jan) isn\'t it (affirmative)
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# 75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF
The **75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF** was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. The 75th Battalion was authorized on 10 July 1915 and embarked for Great Britain on 29 March 1916. It disembarked in France on 12 August 1916, where it fought as part of the 11th Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion was disbanded on 15 September 1920.
## History
The 75th Battalion was authorized on 10 July 1915. Recruitment was undertaken in Toronto, Hamilton and London, Ontario and the unit was mobilized at Toronto. The 75th was formed by Lieutenant Colonel Samuel G. Beckett, who had been trained as a cavalry officer in the 9th Mississauga Horse. Following training in Niagara and Toronto, the 75th left for overseas on 29 March 1916 and arrived on 9 April 1916.
On arrival in England they formed part of the newly created **11th Brigade** of the **4th Canadian Division** and saw their first action in the trenches in Belgium in August 1916. Within the month, the 75th Battalion was at the Somme and fought with great distinction in the battles at the Regina and Desire Trenches.
In December, the 75th had been moved to Vimy Ridge, immediately after taking part in the assault on the Regina Trench, where they, with the rest of the Canadian Army dug in, prepared for, and waited until the great assault on 9 April 1917.
On the night of February 28 -- 1 March 1917, the 75th, along with the 72nd, the 73rd, and the 54th Battalions were chosen to conduct a multi-battalion sized raid on German positions at Hill 145 at Vimy Ridge in preparation for the larger assault 5 weeks later. A total of 1,700 personnel of all ranks participated in this large scale raid, 491 (all ranks) participating from the 75th. The defensive position was manned by soldiers of the 261st Regiment \"Section Fischer\" in the centre, on the left as the Canadians attacked, was the 16th Bavarian Infantry Division, and the 262nd Regiment \"Section Zollern\" on the right.
All 75th Battalion troops were ready at their jumping off point just behind the Snargate Trench by 0250 hours. Phosgene gas had been released by the Canadians prior to going \"over the top\". The gas release had alerted the defenders that an attack was forthcoming, and the alarm was raised. German shells began a steady fire on the Canadian lines, some hitting canisters of Chlorine gas that had been brought forward but not deployed. The Battalion had to wait until the gas cleared before advancing. A second wave of gas released by the 12th Brigade rolled down no-mans land right on top of the 75th, further delaying the assault. By this time the Germans were fully prepared, and waiting. After waiting for their own artillery barrage, they finally advanced at 0547 hours. The German defences were too strong to breach, especially on the right of the battalion\'s attack, and the battalion had no choice but to retire to the comparative safety of their own lines.
The raid was especially costly, as it claimed the life of the Commanding Officer, LCol S.G. Beckett, his adjutant Maj. James Miles Langstaff, and a total of 9 Officers, 112 other ranks killed, missing or wounded. These losses so depleted the battalion that its participation in the multi-divisional assault of Vimy Ridge on 9 April 1917 was as a weakened battalion in the 11th Brigade, behind the 87th Battalion, the 102nd Battalion, and the 11th Canadian Machine Gun Company. Elements of the 75th attacked in the first wave at 0530 hrs in front of the Tottenham Trench on a particularly stubborn German sniping position. By 1500 hours the area was reported clear with 40 prisoners captured.
One member of the 75th Battalion was awarded the Victoria Cross. Medical Officer Captain Bellenden Hutcheson was awarded the medal for his actions on 2 September 1918 at the Drocourt-Quéant Line.
The battalion was disbanded on 15 September 1920.
## Perpetuation
The 75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF is perpetuated by **The Toronto Scottish Regiment (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother\'s Own)**.
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# 75th Battalion (Mississauga), CEF
## Commanding officers {#commanding_officers}
The 75th Battalion had three commanding officers:
- Lt.-Col. S.G. Beckett, 1 April 1916 -- 1 March 1917
- Lt.-Col. C.B. Worsnop, DSO, 11 March 1917 -- 16 April 1917
- Lt.-Col. A.J. C.C
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# Willy den Ouden
**Willemijntje den Ouden** (1 January 1918 -- 6 December 1997) was a competitive swimmer from the Netherlands, who held the 100-meter freestyle world record for nearly 23 years, from 1933 to 1956.
## Biography
Den Ouden was a daughter of Willemijntje Kuipers and Antonius Victor Jozephus den Ouden, a café owner in Rotterdam, a town that was then the swimming center of the Netherlands. in 1931, at the age of 13, she became the *Rotterdamsche Dames Zwemclub* (\"Rotterdam\'s Ladies Swimming Club\") champion in her favorite discipline, 100m freestyle and broke the Dutch national record on that distance by 1.4 seconds with a time of 1:10.4.[1](http://www.zwemmenindepolder.nl/records/nederlandse-records/nr-korte-baan/nr-kb-dames/100-meter-vrije-slag-9.html) A year later, Den Ouden came in the international limelight when she participated at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles and won two of the five contestable silver medals in swimming. In the series, she also broke the Olympic record on the 100 m. These accomplishments attracted wide attention since as a 14-year old she was also the youngest Olympic participant. Four years later at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, she was widely favored to win the same race, but came in fourth place in the final. She did win the gold medal in the women\'s 4 × 100 m freestyle relay with her compatriots Tini Wagner, Rie Mastenbroek and Jopie Selbach.
However, the diminutive Den Ouden -she reached 1.55 m- was far more successful between these two Olympic games. At the 1934 European Championships in Magdeburg she won all three contests she participated in, though her shared win at the 400 m race with Rie Mastenbroek led only to a silver medal when she refused to swim the race again to decide a winner. On July 9, 1933 in Antwerp, she broke Helene Madison\'s two-year-old world record on the 100 m freestyle, setting it at 1:06.0. She would improve on this three times, swimming 1:04.8 in April 1934 and finally reaching 1:04.6 on 27 February 1936 in Amsterdam. This record would last until 1956 when it was broken twice within ten days by Dawn Fraser and Cocky Gastelaars, respectively. Thus, she held the world record for the top event in swimming for an unequalled 22 years and 8 months.
Den Ouden further broke the world records on the 200 m freestyle (three times between 1933 and 1936), the 400 m freestyle (in 1934), and the now defunct distances of 100 yd, 150 yd, 220 yd, 300 yd, 400 yd, 300 m, and 500 m freestyle. She was also the anchor swimmer for the Dutch relay teams that broke the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay record in 1934 and in 1936. On February 4, 1934, she became the first woman to swim 100 yards in under a minute (59.8 seconds). In 1935 she held all 10 world-records freestyle swimming for 500 m and shorter simultaneously.
She retired from competitive swimming in 1938, at the age of 20, after obtaining a silver medal at the European Championship\'s 4 × 100 m freestyle relay. She set her eyes on an acting career and in 1939 she was cast in the Belgian movie *Van het een komt het ander* (\"One Thing Leads to Another\"). However the outbreak of the Second World War stopped the production. The German invasion of the Netherlands piled on the misery: Den Ouden was engaged, but her fiancé\'s family fled to America just before the invasion, and her parental house was destroyed on May 14, 1940 in the bombing of Rotterdam. Most if not all of her medals and prizes were lost in the burning rubble. Den Ouden herself fled to England, where in October 1943 she married Staffan Broms, son of a Swedish diplomat stationed in London. The couple moved to Saltsjöbaden in Sweden after the wedding, but the marriage didn\'t last and in 1946 Den Ouden returned to Rotterdam. She married twice more; in November 1953 to Wicher Hooite Jager (divorce in 1957) and in October 1958 to Jan Edwin Schupper. Her last marriage only lasted half a year. Den Ouden spent her further life in anonymity although she was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1970
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# 1860 in Ireland
Events from the year **1860 in Ireland**.
## Events
- 25 February -- £11,000 collected at church doors in Dublin to finance the Pope\'s defence against the Risorgimento in Italy; £80,000 collected nationwide (the equivalent of several millions of modern-day Euros).
- 28 August -- Landlord and Tenant Law Amendment (Ireland) Act 1860 (\"Deasy\'s Land Act\"), intended to reform tenants\' rights.
- September -- Myles O\'Reilly\'s \"Battalion of St Patrick\" assist in the unsuccessful defence of Spoleto against the Risorgimento.
- 3 November -- The Catholic Ballaghaderreen Cathedral is consecrated and opened.
- 11 November -- Kildare Street Club, Dublin, destroyed by fire.
- 21--23 November -- Partry evictions, County Mayo: 68 families turned out of their houses by Thomas Plunket, Church of Ireland Bishop of Tuam.
- Construction begins on the Roman Catholic church that will become St Peter\'s Cathedral, Belfast.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- 27 March -- the melodrama *The Colleen Bawn, or The Brides of Garryowen*, written by and starring Dion Boucicault, is first performed at Laura Keene\'s Theatre, New York.
- Dr. George Sigerson\'s *The Poets and Poetry of Munster* is published.
- Anthony Trollope\'s novel *Castle Richmond*, set during the Great Famine, is completed and published in England.
## Births
- 1 January -- John Cassidy, sculptor and painter (died 1939).
- 17 January -- Douglas Hyde, member of the Seanad in 1922 and 1938; first President of Ireland and Gaelic scholar (died 1949).
- 1 June -- Hugh Thomson, illustrator (died 1920).
- 8 June -- Alicia Boole Stott, mathematician (died 1940).
- 25 June -- John Danaher, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1881 near Pretoria, South Africa (died 1919).
- 23 July -- Thomas Preston, scientist (died 1900).
- 8 December -- Amanda McKittrick Ros, born Anna McKittrick, novelist and poet noted for her purple prose (died 1939).
- 25 December -- Patrick S. Dinneen, lexicographer and historian (died 1934).
## Deaths
- 12 February -- William Francis Patrick Napier, soldier and military historian (born 1785).
- 17 March -- Anna Brownell Jameson, writer (born 1794).
- 23 October -- Peter Boyle de Blaquière, politician in Canada and first chancellor of the University of Toronto (born 1783)
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# 1945–46 in Swedish football
The **1945--46 season in Swedish football**, starting August 1945 and ending July 1946:
## Honours
### Official titles {#official_titles}
Title Team Reason
---------------------------- ---------------- --------------------------
Swedish Champions 1945--46 IFK Norrköping Winners of Allsvenskan
Swedish Cup Champions 1945 IFK Norrköping Winners of Svenska Cupen
### Competitions
Level Competition Team
----------- ---------------------------- -----------------
1st level Allsvenskan 1945--46 IFK Norrköping
2nd level Division 2 Norra 1945--46 Surahammars IF
Division 2 Östra 1945--46 Örebro SK
Division 2 Västra 1945--46 Billingsfors IK
Division 2 Södra 1945--46 Landskrona BoIS
Cup Svenska Cupen 1945 IFK Norrköping
## Promotions, relegations and qualifications {#promotions_relegations_and_qualifications}
### Promotions
Promoted from Promoted to Team Reason
---------------------------- ---------------------------- ----------------- -------------------------------
Division 2 Östra 1945--46 Allsvenskan 1946--47 Örebro SK Winners of promotion play-off
Division 2 Västra 1945--46 Billingsfors IK Winners of promotion play-off
Division 3 1945--46 Division 2 Norra 1946--47 Enköpings SK Winners of promotion play-off
Iggesunds IK Winners of promotion play-off
Division 3 1945--46 Division 2 Östra 1946--47 IFK Lidingö Winners of promotion play-off
IFK Värnamo Winners of promotion play-off
Division 3 1945--46 Division 2 Västra 1946--47 IFK Trollhättan Winners of promotion play-off
IF Viken Winners of promotion play-off
Division 3 1945--46 Division 2 Södra 1946--47 Höganäs BK Winners of promotion play-off
Olofströms IF Winners of promotion play-off
### League transfers {#league_transfers}
Transferred from Transferred to Team Reason
--------------------------- ---------------------------- -------------- --------------------------
Division 2 Södra 1945--46 Division 2 Östra 1946--47 Husqvarna IF Geographical composition
Division 2 Östra 1945--46 Division 2 Västra 1946--47 Karlskoga IF Geographical composition
### Relegations
Relegated from Relegated to Team Reason
---------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------- -----------
Allsvenskan 1945--46 Division 2 Östra 1946--47 Jönköpings Södra IF 11th team
Division 2 Södra 1946--47 Halmstads BK 12th team
Division 2 Norra 1945--46 Division 3 1946--47 Ljusne AIK 9th team
Långshyttans AIK 10th team
Division 2 Östra 1945--46 Division 3 1946--47 Sundbybergs IK 9th team
Hagalunds IS 10th team
Division 2 Västra 1945--46 Division 3 1946--47 IFK Tidaholm 9th team
Gårda BK 10th team
Division 2 Södra 1945--46 Division 3 1946--47 Limhamns IF 9th team
Blomstermåla IK 10th team
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# 1945–46 in Swedish football
## Domestic results {#domestic_results}
### Allsvenskan 1945--46 {#allsvenskan_194546}
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
---- --------------------- ----- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
1 IFK Norrköping 22 16 3 3 67 -- 22 +45 35
2 Malmö FF 22 13 4 5 48 -- 27 +21 30
3 IFK Göteborg 22 12 6 4 48 -- 29 +19 30
4 GAIS 22 11 6 5 36 -- 28 +8 28
5 Degerfors IF 22 9 5 8 31 -- 23 +8 23
6 AIK 22 8 6 8 44 -- 45 -1 22
7 IF Elfsborg 22 7 6 9 43 -- 44 -1 20
8 Helsingborgs IF 22 6 6 10 45 -- 57 -12 18
9 IS Halmia 22 5 7 10 40 -- 49 -9 17
10 Djurgårdens IF 22 7 2 13 42 -- 64 -22 16
11 Jönköpings Södra IF 22 6 3 13 31 -- 60 -29 15
12 Halmstads BK 22 3 4 15 24 -- 51 -27 10
### Allsvenskan promotion play-off 1945--46 {#allsvenskan_promotion_play_off_194546}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
### Division 2 Norra 1945--46 {#division_2_norra_194546}
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
---- ------------------ ----- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
1 Surahammars IF 18 12 2 4 39 -- 20 +19 26
2 Avesta AIK 18 11 3 4 39 -- 25 +14 25
3 IFK Västerås 18 9 5 4 39 -- 24 +15 23
4 IK Brage 18 10 1 7 39 -- 26 +13 21
5 Västerås IK 18 9 1 8 30 -- 29 +1 19
6 Ludvika FfI 18 7 4 7 41 -- 34 +7 18
7 Sandvikens IF 18 7 3 8 34 -- 35 -1 17
8 Sandvikens AIK 18 5 5 8 29 -- 37 -8 15
9 Ljusne AIK 18 3 2 13 26 -- 49 -23 8
10 Långshyttans AIK 18 4 0 14 31 -- 68 -37 8
### Division 2 Östra 1945--46 {#division_2_östra_194546}
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
---- ----------------- ----- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
1 Örebro SK 18 14 2 2 58 -- 36 +22 30
2 Åtvidabergs FF 18 8 4 6 46 -- 32 +14 20
3 IK Sleipner 18 10 0 8 49 -- 37 +12 20
4 Hammarby IF 18 9 2 7 47 -- 38 +9 20
5 IFK Eskilstuna 18 9 1 8 27 -- 20 +7 19
6 Reymersholms IK 18 7 4 7 28 -- 32 -4 18
7 BK Derby 18 7 3 8 33 -- 30 +3 17
8 Karlskoga IF 18 6 2 10 27 -- 37 -10 14
9 Sundbybergs IK 18 6 1 11 25 -- 49 -24 13
10 Hagalunds IS 18 3 3 12 23 -- 52 -29 9
### Division 2 Västra 1945--46 {#division_2_västra_194546}
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
---- ----------------- ----- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
1 Billingsfors IK 18 12 4 2 46 -- 27 +19 28
2 Tidaholms GIF 18 9 3 6 38 -- 29 +9 21
3 Lundby IF 18 7 7 4 34 -- 29 +5 21
4 Deje IK 18 8 4 6 29 -- 28 +1 20
5 IFK Uddevalla 18 7 6 5 25 -- 34 -9 20
6 Örgryte IS 18 6 5 7 40 -- 28 +12 17
7 Göteborgs FF 18 7 1 10 32 -- 32 0 15
8 Karlstads BIK 18 6 2 10 29 -- 36 -7 14
9 IFK Tidaholm 18 5 4 9 27 -- 35 -8 14
10 Gårda BK 18 5 0 13 28 -- 50 -22 10
### Division 2 Södra 1945--46 {#division_2_södra_194546}
Team Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts
---- ----------------- ----- ---- --- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----- -----
1 Landskrona BoIS 18 13 3 2 53 -- 20 +33 29
2 Husqvarna IF 18 12 3 3 51 -- 29 +22 27
3 IFK Malmö 18 10 3 5 48 -- 30 +18 23
4 Kalmar FF 18 9 3 6 42 -- 27 +15 21
5 Nybro IF 18 10 1 7 48 -- 38 +10 21
6 Kalmar AIK 18 7 2 9 38 -- 46 -8 16
7 Alets IK 18 5 4 9 29 -- 39 -10 14
8 Malmö BI 18 6 2 10 34 -- 53 -19 14
9 Limhamns IF 18 4 4 10 22 -- 31 -9 12
10 Blomstermåla IK 18 1 1 16 15 -- 67 -52 3
### Division 2 promotion play-off 1945--46 {#division_2_promotion_play_off_194546}
1st round
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2nd round
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 1945–46 in Swedish football
## Domestic results {#domestic_results}
### Svenska Cupen 1945 {#svenska_cupen_1945}
Final
## National team results {#national_team_results}
Sweden: `{{small|[[Gustav Sjöberg]] - [[Harry Nilsson (footballer)|Harry Nilsson]], [[Börje Leander]] - [[Olle Åhlund]], [[Arvid Emanuelsson]], [[Karl-Erik Grahn]] - [[Arne Nyberg]], [[Gunnar Gren]], [[Carl Simonsson]], [[Henry Carlsson]], [[Bertil Bäckvall]].}}`{=mediawiki}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sweden: `{{small|[[Gustav Sjöberg]] - [[Harry Nilsson (footballer)|Harry Nilsson]], [[Gösta Malm]] - [[Olle Åhlund]], [[Arvid Emanuelsson]], [[Karl-Erik Grahn]] - [[Arne Nyberg]], [[Gunnar Gren]], [[Gunnar Nordahl]], [[Henry Carlsson]], [[Stellan Nilsson]].}}`{=mediawiki}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sweden: `{{small|[[Henry Andersson]] - [[Oskar Holmqvist]], [[Ove Karlsson-Widricks]] - [[Birger Rosengren]], [[Börje Leander]], [[Lennart Wigren]] - [[Malte Mårtensson]], [[Börje Tapper]], [[Knut Nordahl]], [[Erik Holmqvist]], [[Carl-Erik Sandberg]].}}`{=mediawiki}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sweden: `{{small|[[Gustav Sjöberg]] - [[Harry Nilsson (footballer)|Harry Nilsson]], [[Gösta Malm]] - [[Olle Åhlund]], [[Arvid Emanuelsson]], [[Karl-Erik Grahn]] - [[Arne Nyberg]], [[Gunnar Gren]], [[Gunnar Nordahl]], [[Henry Carlsson]], [[Vincent Persson]].}}`{=mediawiki}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sweden: `{{small|[[Gustav Sjöberg]] ( [[Henry Andersson]]) - [[Harry Nilsson (footballer)|Harry Nilsson]], [[Bertil Nordahl]] - [[Olle Åhlund]], [[Arvid Emanuelsson]], [[Rune Emanuelsson]] - [[Arne Nyberg]], [[Gunnar Gren]], [[Gunnar Nordahl]], [[Henry Carlsson]], [[Erik Holmqvist]].}}`{=mediawiki}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sweden: `{{small|[[Gustav Sjöberg]] - [[Harry Nilsson (footballer)|Harry Nilsson]], [[Rune Emanuelsson]] - [[Olle Åhlund]], [[Arvid Emanuelsson]] ( [[Börje Leander]]), [[Karl-Erik Grahn]] - [[Arne Nyberg]], [[Gunnar Gren]], [[Gunnar Nordahl]], [[Henry Carlsson]], [[Stellan Nilsson]].}}`{=mediawiki}
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sweden: `{{small|[[Gustav Sjöberg]] - [[Harry Nilsson (footballer)|Harry Nilsson]], [[Oskar Holmqvist]] ( [[Börje Leander]]) - [[Olle Åhlund]], [[Bertil Nordahl]], [[Rune Emanuelsson]] - [[Arne Nyberg]], [[Gunnar Gren]], [[Gunnar Nordahl]], [[Knut Nordahl]], [[Stig Nyström]].}}`{=mediawiki}
| 229 |
1945–46 in Swedish football
| 2 |
10,126,993 |
# 1945–46 in Swedish football
## National team players in season 1945/46 {#national_team_players_in_season_194546}
name pos
| 15 |
1945–46 in Swedish football
| 3 |
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