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# A.F.S.K. Hom Tov
**A.F.S.K. Hom Tov** was a spin-off of the A.F.S.K. Industries Group located in Haifa, Israel. In 2006, the company claimed that it had patented technology for converting oil shale to shale oil.
## History
Hom Tov was founded in 1994 by Shimon Kazansky and Yisrael Feldman. In 1996, Sonol, a wholly owned subsidiary of Granite Hacarmel, invested \$1.5 million in the company.
In 2006, it was reported that 73% of the company shares would be acquired by a group of investors led by Israeli businessman Ofer Glazer. However, the transaction was not finalized, because understandably 73% is too much, and Hom Tov subsequently ceased to operate.
## Shale oil extraction process {#shale_oil_extraction_process}
In the shale oil extraction process (US Patent 5372708) invented in 1992 by Moshe Gvirtz (also spelled as Moshe Gewertz) and promoted by Hom Tov, oil shale fine particles are slurried with waste bitumen and pumped through coils in a heater. Promoters of this process claimed that the process was profitable at the crude oil price of US\$17 per barrel. The company also claimed that the technology was more efficient as it enables the oil shale to be processed at somewhat lower temperatures with the addition of the catalyzing bitumen, and more environmentally friendly than classical shale oil extraction methods. In 2006, in conjunction with announcing the planned partnership with Glazer, the company announced plans to build a full-scale production plant in the Negev Desert south of Beer Sheba at Mishor Rotem. The Mishor Rotem plant would bring bitumen 80 km by pipeline from the Ashdod refinery and return product along the same corridor.
## A.F.S.K. Industries {#a.f.s.k._industries}
Kazansky and Feldman also owned A.F.S.K. Industries, which in 2008 was sold to Orad, a company that develops software security systems. As of October 2011, Kazansky and Feldman are in arbitration with Orad for claims that Orad has not honored a service agreement worth 14 million NIS
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# 1863 in Ireland
Events from the year **1863 in Ireland**.
## Events
- 2 March -- the Ulster Railway, which began construction in 1839, reaches Clones.
- 10 March -- riots in Cork, related to nationalist unrest.
- 21 August -- American clipper *Anglo Saxon* westbound is captured and burned by Confederate privateer *Florida* off Old Head of Kinsale.
- 28 November -- first edition of *The Irish People*.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- Belleek Pottery begins to produce Parian Ware.
- Sheridan Le Fanu publishes *The House by the Churchyard*.
- Ellen Bridget O\'Connell publishes *Derrynane Abbey in 1832, and other Poems*.
## Births
- 1 February -- George Carew, 4th Baron Carew (died 1926).
- February -- George J. Gaskin, \"silver-voiced Irish tenor\" (died 1920 in the United States)
- 11 March -- May Guinness, painter (died 1955).
- 17 March -- P. H. McCarthy, labour leader and mayor of San Francisco (died 1933).
- 31 March -- Sir Ion Hamilton Benn, 1st Baronet, businessman and British politician (died 1961).
- 2 April -- Mabel Cahill, tennis player.
- 9 April -- Henry De Vere Stacpoole, ship\'s doctor and author (died 1951).
- 12 August -- Margaretta Eagar, nurse for the four daughters of Tsar Nicholas II and Tsarina Alexandra and memoirist (died 1936).
- 25 August -- Eugene O\'Growney, priest and scholar (died 1899).
- 7 September -- Henry Boyle Townshend Somerville, Royal Navy hydrographic surveyor, murdered by Irish Republican Army (died 1936).
- 26 September -- Caesar Litton Falkiner, Irish Unionist Party politician, barrister, writer and historian (died 1908).
- 24 November -- Frederick Thomas Trouton, physicist responsible for Trouton\'s Rule (died 1922).
- Full date unknown -- F. Elrington Ball, author and legal historian (died 1928).
## Deaths
- 1 January -- Ambrose Madden, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1854 in the Crimea, at Little Inkerman (born 1806).
- 16 February -- Denis Dynon, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at Chota Behar, India (born 1822).
- 21 February -- Samuel Hill, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at Lucknow, India, later killed in action (born 1826).
- 7 July -- William Mulready, painter (born 1786).
- 8 July -- Francis Kenrick, headed the Diocese of Philadelphia, then was Archbishop of Baltimore (born 1796).
- 24 July -- Thomas Arthur Bellew, landowner and politician (born 1820).
- 17 October -- John Dunlay, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1857 at Lucknow, India (born 1831).
- 10 December -- James FitzGibbon, British soldier and hero of the War of 1812 (born 1782).
- 10 December -- Charles C. Ingham, painter and founder of New York National Academy of Design (born 1797)
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# Long Dim Road
***Long Dim Road*** is an album by the Chicago Celtic punk band The Tossers. It was released in 2000 on Thick Records, their first album with the label.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
AllMusic wrote: \"Sweet, emotive ballads are half heartbreak, half hopeful resignation and showcase the strong songwriting that has a tendency to get buried in the more aggressive tracks.\" NPR wrote that \"in \'The Pub\', the words are alternately light and dark, commenting on barroom prophets and regulars, but the music is decidedly upbeat and energetic.\" The *Chicago Reader* thought that \"on explosive rave-ups like \'The Crutch\' or the pretty mug-clinking ditty \'The Last Night on Earth\', the band\'s gleeful mix of tin whistle, violin, mandolin, piano, and rock instrumentation can turn the room of your choice into a raucous Irish pub.\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"The Crutch\" - 3:47
2. \"Litigation\" - 3:30
3. \"A Night on Earth\" - 3:49
4. \"The Ballad of NATO\" - 4:18
5. \"Mad Riot\" - 2:53
6. \"Long Dim Road\" - 1:24
7. \"Altercations\" - 2:56
8. \"Wedding\" - 3:35
9. \"The Pub\" - 4:32
10. \"Doctrines Outdated\" - 3:25
11. \"Ciara\" - 10:19
- The song \"Ciara\" end at 5:25. After 40 seconds of silence, at 6:05 begins the hidden song \"Got Lucky\"
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# Teddy Edward
***Teddy Edward*** is a British television series for children. It was based on the books by Patrick and Mollie Matthews, about the travels of a teddy bear. The series of 13 episodes was first transmitted in 1973, and often repeated until 1980.
Each episode consisted of a story narrated by Richard Baker, illustrated by still photographs of Teddy Edward and his friends. Teddy Edward\'s travelling companions included Jasmine the Rabbit, Snowytoes the Panda and Bushy the Bushbaby.
The series was directed by Howard Kennett. The distinctive theme tune was \"Glad Gadabout\" by Johnny Scott. This theme tune is used as the closing musical bed by Tim Bowling on \"The Saturday Sandpit\" radio show on Susy Radio every Saturday 8-11am.
The series was also exported to New Zealand, Norway, Finland, Singapore and Albania.
## Episode titles {#episode_titles}
1. \"The Ugly Duckling\"
2. \"Snow\"
3. \"Hide And Seek\"
4. \"Rain\"
5. \"Visitor\"
6. \"Farm\"
7. \"Red Indians\"
8. \"Sandcastle\"
9. \"Jasmine\'s Present\"
10. \"Contraption\"
11. \"Picnic\"
12. \"Dream\"
13
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# Onur Demirsoy
**Onur Demirsoy** (born July 11, 1981, Ankara, Turkey) is the animation director and one of the cartoonists of the humour web site Grafi2000.
## Biography
Onur Demirsoy was born in 1981 in Ankara. He completed primary and middle school in TED Ankara College, high school in Ankara Cumhuriyet High School and university in Ankara University, Astronomy and Space Sciences Department. His weekly animations appeared in one of Turkey\'s biggest comedy websites, Grafi2000, under the name Hombulu in 1999. The same year he took 2nd place in Security General Directorate\'s comics contest. He took several roles and duties in the preparation of Grafi2000 Comedy, Koca Kafalar, Pembe ve Mavi for Kanal D, Harbi Tivi for Atv, Acar Kafadarlar for the Turkish National Television, TRT. He also drew daily comics for newspaper Hurriyet with sponsorship from Kale Locks. He prepared TV commercials for newspaper Aksam, No Fear and Alfemo Furniture Company. In 2009, Google announced him as one of the 4 designers that they got their inspiration from for designing their fav icon. In 2011, he got the 2nd most votes for the comics contest "The World is Looking for its Super Hero" organized by Talenthouse and Stan Lee Foundation. Same year he started to produce iPhone and iPad software under his own name.
## *Projects He Was Involved In* {#projects_he_was_involved_in}
(alphabetically ordered)
- Advis Web Site Animations,
- Aksam Newspaper TV Commercials,
- Alem Fm TV Commercials,
- Alfemo \"Ellisi\" TV Commercials,
- Alfemo \"Messenger\" TV Commercials,
- Atmosphere Project Promo Animation,
- Atv "Akademi Turkiye" TV Show Animations,
- Atv "Harbi Tivi" TV Show Animations,
- Autokinder.com Web Site Cartoon Designs,
- Bolluca Koyu Logo Design,
- Business Object Comics,
- Cepmaster Cell Phone Logo and Multimedia Messages Design and Animation,
- Cine5 "Baska Yerde Yok" TV Show Animation,
- CNN Turk "5N1K" TV Show Animation,
- Condomi Internet Promotion Comics,
- Corlu Park Commercial Cartoons,
- Delete Chewing Gums Internet Commercial Movie,
- Dream TV "Koca Kafalar" TV Show Animation,
- FELIS Rock Band\'s Promo-Digipack, Poster Designs,
- Fireball Ultimate Computers Magazine Promo Designs,
- Fox TV \"Beni Halk Secti\" TV Show Animations,
- Gazi University "Iyi Fikir Odulleri" Award Ceremony Intro,
- G.O.R.A. The Movie\'s Cell Phone Games,
- Grafi2000.Com Web Site Animations,
- Hurriyet Newspaper \"Kalemino\" Daily Cartoons,
- KanalD "Baba Haber Bülteni" TV Show Animations,
- KanalD "Bizim Mucitler" TV Show Animations,
- KanalD "Cocuk Kulubu" TV Animations,
- KanalD "Dobra Dobra" TV Animations,
- KanalD "Grafi2000.Comedy" TV Show,
- KanalD "Haneler" TV Show Intro Animation,
- KanalD "Koca Kafalar TV" TV Show,
- KanalD "Pembe ve Mavi" Weekly Cartoon,
- Longman Book Designs and Cartoons,
- MAYA College Educational Kids Books Picture Designs,
- Milliyet Newspaper TV Commercials,
- Modern Sabahlar Poster Designs,
- No Fear Commercial,
- Rimaks Company Educational Animations,
- Rock'n Coke 2005 Rock Festival Interactive Animation\
Practice,
- Sabanci Group Herbal Oil 2004 Promo Commercials and Comics,
- Show TV "Carkifelek" TV Show, Press Media Picture Perfect,
- Sky Turk "Irak Belgeseli" Animation,
- STAR TV \"Son Utucu\" TV Show Animations,
- Superonline Web Site E-cards,
- Superonline "Klik Film" Web Site Animations,
- Ticaretmerkezi.com.tr Web Promo Animations,
- TREND Magazine Comics,
- TRT "Asure" TV Show Animations,
- TRT "Ajan Naber" TV Show Animations,
- TRT "Ben Istersem\" TV Show Decoration Design,
- TRT "Okudukca" TV Animations,
- Turkcell Cell Phone Logos,
- Tv8 "Cihat Sener" TV Show Animations,
- Wing Travel Fly Concept TV Commercial
## Awards
- Demirsoy won 2nd place in a comic contest organized by The National Police Department in 1999 themed \"Terror and Fighting Terror\".
- In 2004, the comedy and animation show Grafi2000 ComEdy -which he was a crew of as the animation director, cartoon artist, animator and writer- that was aired on Kanal D in 2004 won 2004s best comedy show reward, determined by public votes
- Same year, the program won \" The Best Youth Tv Program\" distributed by Kultur College.
- In 2004, the shows comedy based web site -which he is actively working as an animator- www.grafi2000.com won 1st place in \"The Best Humour Web-Site Reward\" in 2004 Golden Spider Web Rewards
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# WWSJ
**WWSJ** (\"Joy 1580 & 100.3\") is an AM radio station broadcasting from St. Johns, Michigan on 1580 kHz, featuring a black gospel format. The station transmits with 1,000 watts during the day using a directional antenna that sends the signal primarily to the north and south (including Lansing, Michigan). At night, it operates with a 3 watts.
In the summer of 2010, WWSJ began to simulcast on translator **W262BD** 100.3 FM licensed to Dimondale, Michigan, enabling it to get clearer FM coverage of the Lansing area day and night. W262BD operates with 22 watts from a transmitter in the heart of Lansing; despite being licensed to Dimondale, its primary signal contour does not actually reach Dimondale. W262BD is owned by Educational Media Foundation and had previously operated using EMF\'s Air 1 format; although EMF continues to own the translator, it is being programmed by the owners of WWSJ.
## History
### Early history {#early_history}
The station began operation at 10 a.m. on September 23, 1959, as WJUD. The original owner was Justin F. Marzke. In the 1960s, it was purchased by Robert D. Ditmer and began operating under the new callsign of WRBJ. In 1972 Ditmer added WRBJ-FM on 92.1 MHz (now WQTX). During the time the station was owned by Robert Ditmer it was a true community station playing a variety of music along with local high school sports, news and announcements.
### The 1980s bring changes {#the_1980s_bring_changes}
Robert Ditmer sold WRBJ-AM-FM to R. Charles McLravy in 1981. McLravy changed the call letters of WRBJ-AM-FM to WQTK-AM-FM, and implemented a country music format which was simulcast on both stations. AM 1580 changed calls again in November 1982, this time to WKZY, when the station switched to an MOR format as \"Cozy 16\". The format did not last long, and by May 1983, the station had reverted to the country music format, and also back to the WQTK calls. The station implemented Al Ham\'s Music of Your Life format in October 1983, this time adopting the call letters WVGO, which had recently been dropped by Lansing station WVIC. By the spring of 1985, the call station\'s call letters changed again, this time to WKLH, simulcasting the country music format of FM sister station WKLH-FM (K-92). In early 1985, McLravy moved the WKLH-FM studios to the DeWitt Shopping Center, although the AM studio and transmitter remained on Parks Road, just south of St. Johns.
McLravy sold WKLH-AM-FM, to Lansing Broadcasting Associates in July 1985, and on Labor Day 1985, the format of FM 92.1 was flipped to Album Oriented Rock. The call letters WGZS were applied for and assigned to AM 1580, in anticipation of a Christian format, but the format never materialized. Instead, WGZS became a simulcast of AOR sister station WLNZ-FM 92.1. The WGZS call letters, although assigned to the station for a short time, were never used on the air. Lansing Broadcasting Associates continued to maintain the AM studios on Parks Road, mainly because of an FCC requirement that both the AM and FM stations originate 50% of their news and public affairs programming from the St. Johns studio. Part-time employees were paid to operate the St. Johns studio and transmitter.
In 1986, Robert Ditmer repurchased the AM station, now known as WLNZ, and changed the call sign to WWSJ. The station featured country music, talk, local news and high school sports. During a portion of this time it went by *News Radio 1580* and featured syndicated talkers Phil Donahue, Church Harder and Jack Ellery. By the mid-1990s, the station added time-brokered Tejano music programming to a portion of its broadcast day.
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# WWSJ
## History
### Into the \'90s {#into_the_90s}
In February 1995, Ditmer sold the station to Steve and Cheryl Evans of DeWitt, Michigan, who operated the station under the company name Mint City Radio. WWSJ continued with a mix of country music, community information, Tejano music (time-brokered) and talk programs from the USA Radio Network. The station dropped the country music portion of its format in favor of Oldies on Labor Day 1995, and was rebranded as *AM-16 The Mint*. The Evans\' sold the station back to Ditmer in August 1996. Shortly thereafter, Ditmer resold the station to Larry Harp, Helen Harp, Wayne Hill and Elmira Hill, and it became *Joy 1580* playing urban Christian music. The station still uses the original studios at the transmitter on Parks Road, just south of St. Johns.
Effective December 7, 2018, Helen Harp assumed full ownership of the station.
## Clinton County Radio {#clinton_county_radio}
Clinton County Radio was an internet radio station serving Clinton County, Michigan from June 2004 until September 2007. The station programmed an Oldies format which was based upon the format previously programmed by WWSJ and was created by former station co-owner Steve Evans, who co-operated the station along with former WWSJ program director Dan Drolett. The mission of the station was to provide residents of Clinton County with programming and services which were no longer being offered by terrestrial radio stations. The station\'s URL was <http://www.clintoncountyradio.net>.
Clinton County Radio offered, in addition to Oldies from the 1960s and 70\'s, local weather, daily programs from the U.S.D.A., hourly news from the FSN Radio Network (and later the USA Radio Network), nostalgic radio programs under the title *Radio\'s Golden Days*, and a locally produced program entitled The Michigan Oldies Podcast. Through the use of digital automation, the station was able to operate with little if any overhead expense. Initially, the majority of announcing on the station was handled by Evans and Drolett, but Mark Walton and Bryan Mix-Dean were added as staff announcers in 2006. Both provided their services on a volunteer basis. Unlike its terrestrial predecessor WWSJ, Clinton County Radio was a non-profit operation.
Dan Drolett announced the sale of the internet station and its assets to Tony Clark of Rosebush, Michigan in early September 2007. The internet stream ceased operations as Clinton County Radio at midnight on September 30, 2007
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# Thomas Stanley, 1st Baron Stanley
**Sir Thomas Stanley, 1st Baron Stanley,** titular **King of Mann**, KG (c. 1405 -- 11 or 20 February 1459), of Lathom and Knowsley, Lancashire, was a Privy Councillor, Comptroller of the Royal Household, Lieutenant-Governor of Ireland (1431--36), Chief Steward of the Duchy of Lancaster, Knight of the Shire for Lancashire, Constable & Justice of Chester, Chamberlain of North Wales, Lord Chamberlain (1455), and from 15 January 1456 was summoned by Writ to Parliament as Lord Stanley.
## Life
Stanley was the son of Sir John Stanley, of Liverpool, Lathom, and Knowsley (in Huyton), Lancashire, by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Nicholas Harington (or Haverington) of Farleton (in Melling), Lancashire. He represented Lancashire in the House of Commons in 1427, 1433, 1439, 1442, 1447, 1449, 1450, 1453, 1455.
In 1424 he was attacked in his father\'s tower at Liverpool by Sir Richard Molyneaux, who was arrested. His family had long associations with the governance of Ireland, his grandfather Sir John Stanley, K.G., having been both Justiciar and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (and who died there), and in 1429 he was sent to Ireland and called a Parliament in that Kingdom in 1432.
In 1437, he succeeded to the title of King of Mann upon the death of his father, John Stanley.
During the Parliament at Westminster in 1450-1 the House of Commons demanded his removal from the Royal presence with others of the Duke of Suffolk\'s party.
## Marriage and issue {#marriage_and_issue}
He married Joan Goushill (1401--1466), eldest daughter and co-heiress of Sir Robert Goushill, of Hoveringham in Nottinghamshire, by his wife Elizabeth Fitzalan, Duchess of Norfolk, a daughter of Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel. By his wife he had four sons and three daughters:
- Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby (1435--1504), KG, eldest son and heir, who in 1485 was created Earl of Derby by King Henry VII following his decisive assistance in the Battle of Bosworth. He married twice, firstly to Eleanor de Neville, secondly to Lady Margaret Beaufort, mother of King Henry VII.
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- William Stanley (c.1435--1495), KG, 2nd son, invested as a Knight of the Garter in 1487 by King Henry VII, but executed by that king in 1495 for treason for his alleged part in the Perkin Warbeck conspiracy.
- Sir John Stanley, ancestor of the Barons Stanley of Alderley;
- James Stanley, Archdeacon of Chester;
- Elizabeth Stanley, wife successively of Sir Richard Molyneux (d.1459), killed in the Battle of Blore Heath, and Thomas Strange;
- Margaret Stanley, wife successively of Sir William Troubeck (d.1459), killed in the Battle of Blore Heath; Sir John Boteler, and Henry Grey, 4th (7th) Baron Grey of Codnor, her grandson was Sir William Griffith of Penrhyn Castle, Chamberlain of North Wales;
- Katherine Stanley, wife of Sir John Savage, of Clifton, Cheshire. Of their many sons, the eldest, Sir John Savage, KG, was the commander of the left wing of Henry Tudor\'s army at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485; another, Sir Christopher Savage of Aston-under-Edge, Gloucestershire, fell at the Battle of Flodden, and another, Thomas Savage, was Archbishop of York.
## Death and burial {#death_and_burial}
He died on 11 February 1459 and was buried in Burscough Priory, near his home at Lathom, Lancashire, where his wife was later buried also
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# Lynne Barrett
**Lynne Barrett** is an American writer and editor, best known for her short stories.
## Background
Born and raised in New Jersey, she received a B.A. in English Composition from Mount Holyoke College and her M.F.A. from the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.
## Career
Her story, "Elvis Lives", was awarded the 1991 Edgar Allan Poe Award of the Mystery Writers of America for Best Mystery Short Story and has been widely anthologized. "Beauty" won the Best Short Story Award at the Moondance International Film Festival in 2001. She has received an NEA (1991), and an artist\'s fellowship from the Florida Division of Cultural Affairs (2001--02). Her short stories have appeared in *Redbook*, twice in *Ellery Queen\'s Mystery Magazine*, *Mondo Barbie* (St. Martin\'s), *Literature: Reading and Responding to Fiction, Poetry, Drama and the Essay* (HarperCollins), *Simply the Best Mysteries* (Carroll & Graf), *Irrepressible Appetites* (Rock Press), *Marilyn: Shades of Blonde* (Forge) and many other magazines and anthologies. Recent stories have appeared in *A Dixie Christmas* (Algonquin Books, 2005), *Miami Noir* (Akashic Books, 2006), *One Year to a Writing Life* (Marlowe & Company, 2007), *Delta Blues* (Tyrus Books, 2010), *Fort Lauderdale Magazine* (2014), *Trouble in the Heartland: Crime Stories Inspired by the Songs of Bruce Springsteen* (Gutter Books, 2014), *Fifteen Views of Miami* (Burrow Press, 2014) and the *Southern Women\'s Review* (2015)
She wrote the libretto for the children\'s opera *Cricketina*. She has co-edited a collection of James M. Cain\'s nonfiction and *Birth: A Literary Companion*, an anthology of poetry, fiction, and nonfiction about becoming a parent. She founded Gulf Stream Magazine and went on to edit it from 1989--2002.
Her essay \"What Editors Want\", published by *The Review Review*, earned coverage in the *L.A. Times* Book Blog \"Jacket Copy\" and the *New Yorker\'s* \"The Book Bench\" blog. It was republished in *Glimmer Train*\'s \"Bulletin\".
Barrett\'s third book *Magpies* won the 2011 Florida Book Award Gold Medal for general fiction.
Barrett is founder and editor of *The Florida Book Review* and Professor of English at Florida International University where she teaches in the M.F.A. program in Creative Writing.
## Works
- *The Land of Go* (short stories) (Carnegie Mellon University Press, 1988)
- *The Secret Names of Women* (short stories) (Carnegie Mellon, 1999), a BookSense selection of the American Booksellers Association
- *Magpies* (short stories) (Carnegie Mellon, 2011), winner of the 2011 Florida Book Award Gold Medal for General Fiction
- *Cricketina* (opera libretto), with music composed by Dr. Kristine Burns, debuted at the FIU Music Festival, Nov. 15, 2003, Miami, FL
- *The James M. Cain Cookbook, Guide to Home Singing, Physical Fitness and Animals (Especially Cats)* (Carnegie Mellon 1988) ed
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# Matthew Blakiston
**Sir Matthew Blakiston, 1st Baronet** (c. 1702 -- 14 July 1774) was a British merchant, grocer and baronet.
He was the son of George Blakiston and his wife Elizabeth Kay, daughter of Matthew Kay. He was an Alderman of London from 1750 to 1769, was elected Sheriff of London in 1754 and became the 442nd Lord Mayor of London in 1761. He was knighted at Kensington Palace in 1759 and was created a **Baronet**, of the City of London on 22 April 1763. Blakiston served as colonel of the Green Regiment of the London Trained Bands. He died at Jermyn Street in London.
Blakiston married firstly Margaret Hall, daughter of Reverend Charles Hall. His second wife, Mary Blew, died in 1754 and Blakiston married thirdly Annabella Bayley, daughter of Thomas Bayley in St Johns, London on 8 April 1760. He had a son by his first wife and two sons by his third wife. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his second and only surviving son, Matthew
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# The Janitor's Boy
***The Janitor\'s Boy*** is a children\'s book by Andrew Clements. Part of his school series, it was released by Simon & Schuster in 2000.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
The book tells the story of a school student, Jack Rankin, whose father is the janitor of his school. Jack is made fun of by his friends for this, and he hates his father because of it. Lashing out, he puts a massive quantity of bubble gum up under his desk so that his father will have to clean it off. Unfortunately, he is caught and ends up having to clean it up himself under the supervision of his father the janitor. During this, he learns that it\'s very hard work to be a janitor, and learns of his father\'s dark past. He and his father become friends. As the book closes, a student shouts \"You wanna be a janitor when you grow up too?!\" and Jack says \"Yes,\" smiles up at his father\'s face, and says, \"yes I do
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# Jetnamsklumpen
or `{{native name|sma|'''Jitnemensnuhkie'''}}`{=mediawiki} is the highest point of Jetnamfjellet, a mountain on the border of Røyrvik Municipality (in Trøndelag county) and Hattfjelldal Municipality (in Nordland county) in Norway. The 1513 m tall mountain is located in the Børgefjell National Park, and it is the highest point in Trøndelag county.
The eastern point of the large Jetnamsfjellet mountain, about 6 km east of Jetnamsklumpen is considerably lower, at 1206 m, but it is a quadripoint for four counties: Trøndelag and Nordland in Norway, and Jämtland and Västerbotten in Sweden.
## Name
The first element is from the Southern Sami language word *\"jitneme\"* which means \"area covered with snow\", and the last element is the finite form of Norwegian language word *\"klump\"* which means \"clump\" or \"round mountain\"
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# Fender Princeton
The **Fender Princeton** was a guitar amplifier made by Fender. It was introduced in 1946 and discontinued in 1979. After Fender introduced the Champ Amp in 1948, the Princeton occupied the next to the bottom spot in the Fender line. Fender Princetons (as well as their sister amp the Princeton Reverb) from the early models into the 1970s models are highly valued particularly as recording amplifiers.
The first Princeton, the \"Woody\" (so called for its uncovered wooden cabinet), was the smallest of the original Fender line of three amplifiers, an incredibly basic 3-watt practice amp with no controls at all, not even a power switch. The first widely produced Princeton, the 1948 tweed-covered \"TV front,\" used one 6SL7 or 6SC7 dual-triode tube to provide two stages of RC-coupled voltage amplification in the preamplifier section; the power amplifier section used a single cathode-biased 6V6 beam power tetrode necessarily in Class A operation. The amplifier had a single volume control and a simple low-pass tone control to control treble response. The Princeton circuits up through 5C2 differed from the Fender Champ in having two versus one preamp stage (6SC7 dual-triode vs 6SJ7 pentode) and added the tone control that was absent in the Champs; the 12AX7-based Princeton models 5D2 through 5F2-A were essentially the Champ circuits 5D1 through 5F1 with a tone control and a somewhat larger output transformer. In 1956 the Princeton received a new cabinet roughly half again as tall and wide as the previous Champ-sized \"small box.\"
In 1961, a new Princeton (6G2) of fundamentally different design was introduced, which instead of being essentially an upgraded Champ was more like a junior Deluxe. This \"brownface\" version used a single 7025 dual triode in the preamplifier; a 12AX7 dual triode, one half of which operated a tremolo oscillator and the other half of which served as a split-load phase inverter; and two 6V6GT tubes, which were fixed-biased in Class AB push-pull configuration in the power section. In 1964, the single tone control was replaced with individual bass and treble control knobs, and the base Princeton was joined by the Princeton Reverb. A pull-out \"boost\" switch was added to the volume pot in 1978.
The Princeton is particularly famous as the basis for Mesa Boogie\'s Mark I, which is a heavily hot-rodded Princeton equipped with modified preamp and a Bassman transformer, allowing it a higher gain output of 60 watts.
Fender produced a solid state Princeton from 1988 to 2001, the Princeton Chorus. Models from 1988-1991 (\"red knob\") were made in USA, models from 1991-1997 (\"black knob\") were also made in USA, and models from 1998-2001 (\"black knob\") were made in Mexico. This model was notable for its two independent 25.5-watt amplifiers running in stereo mode. The USA models used Accusonics Spring Reverb while the Mexican models used DSP Reverb. Recently, the American models made at Fender\'s Lake Oswego factory (branded \'LO\') are becoming more sought after for their high quality and rich built-in chorus modulation.
In 2006, Fender revived the Princeton name, under \"Princeton Recording-Amp\" (Pro-tube series) and \"Princeton 650\" (under Dyna-touch III series). The Princeton recording amplifier is basically a blackface Princeton with built-in overdrive, compressor and power attenuator. Fender also reissued the Princeton Reverb in 2008.
<File:Fender> Princeton back.jpg\|Back panel of 1966 Fender Princeton amplifier <File:Fender> Princeton 1974.jpg\|Princeton 1974/75 <File:Fender> Princeton back 1974
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# List of United States senators in the 85th Congress
This is a **complete list of members of the United States Senate during the 85th United States Congress** listed by seniority, from January 3, 1957, to January 3, 1959.
Order of service is based on the commencement of the senator\'s first term. Behind this is former service as a senator (only giving the senator seniority within his or her new incoming class), service as vice president, a House member, a cabinet secretary, or a governor of a state. The final factor is the population of the senator\'s state.
In this congress, J. William Fulbright (D-Arkansas) was the most senior junior senator and John Sherman Cooper (R-Kentucky) was the most junior senior senator.
Senators who were sworn in during the middle of the two-year congressional term (up until the last senator who was not sworn in early after winning the November 1958 election) are listed at the end of the list with no number.
## Terms of service {#terms_of_service}
Class Terms of service of senators that expired in years \|- `{{party shading/Republican}}`{=mediawiki} Class 1 Terms of service of senators that expired in 1959 (AZ, CA, CT, DE, FL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MS, MT, ND, NE, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, PA, RI, TN, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, and WY.) \|- `{{party shading/Democratic}}`{=mediawiki} Class 2 Terms of service of senators that expired in 1961 (AL, AR, CO, DE, GA, IA, ID, IL, KS, KY, LA, MA, ME, MI, MN, MS, MT, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NM, OK, OR, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, VA, WV, and WY.) \|- `{{party shading/Independent}}`{=mediawiki} Class 3 Terms of service of senators that expired in 1963 (AL, AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, IA, KS, KY, LA, MD, MO, NC, ND, NH, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, SC, SD, UT, VT, WA, and WI.)
------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# List of United States senators in the 85th Congress
## U.S. Senate seniority list {#u.s._senate_seniority_list}
Rank Senator (party-state) Seniority date Other factors
------ -------------------------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Carl Hayden (D-AZ) March 4, 1927
2 Richard Russell, Jr. (D-GA) January 12, 1933
3 Harry F. Byrd, Sr. (D-VA) March 4, 1933
4 James Murray (D-MT) November 7, 1934
5 Dennis Chavez (D-NM) May 11, 1935
6 Theodore F. Green (D-RI) January 3, 1937 Former governor, Rhode Island 37th in population (1930)
7 Styles Bridges (R-NH) Former governor, New Hampshire 41st in population (1930)
8 Allen J. Ellender (D-LA)
9 Joseph L. Hill (D-AL) January 11, 1938
10 Alexander Wiley (R-WI) January 3, 1939
11 William Langer (R-ND) January 3, 1941
12 George Aiken (R-VT) January 10, 1941
13 James Eastland (D-MS) January 3, 1943 Previously a senator
14 John Little McClellan (D-AR)
15 Howard A. Smith (R-NJ) December 7, 1944
16 Warren G. Magnuson (D-WA) December 14, 1944
17 J. William Fulbright (D-AR) January 3, 1945 Former representative
18 Bourke B. Hickenlooper (R-IA) Former governor, Iowa 20th in population (1940)
19 Olin D. Johnston (D-SC) Former governor, South Carolina 26th in population (1940)
20 Homer E. Capehart (R-IN) Indiana 12th in population (1940)
21 Wayne Morse (D-OR) Oregon 34th in population (1940)
22 Leverett Saltonstall (R-MA) January 4, 1945
23 Milton Young (R-ND) March 12, 1945
24 William F. Knowland (R-CA) August 26, 1945
25 Spessard Holland (D-FL) September 24, 1946
26 Ralph Flanders (R-VT) November 1, 1946
27 A. Willis Robertson (D-VA) November 6, 1946 Former representative (13 years, 10 months)
28 John Sparkman (D-AL) Former representative (9 years, 10 months)
29 William E. Jenner (R-IN) January 3, 1947 Previously a senator
30 Edward Martin (R-PA) Former governor, Pennsylvania 2nd in population (1940)
31 John W. Bricker (R-OH) Former governor, Ohio 4th in population (1940)
32 Edward John Thye (R-MN) Former governor, Minnesota 18th in population (1940)
33 Irving Ives (R-NY) New York 1st in population (1940)
34 Joseph McCarthy (R-WI) Wisconsin 13th in population (1940)
35 Arthur Vivian Watkins (R-UT) Utah 40th in population (1940)
36 John J. Williams (R-DE) Delaware 47th in population (1940)
37 George W. Malone (R-NV) Nevada 48th in population (1940)
38 John C. Stennis (D-MS) November 17, 1947
39 Karl Mundt (R-SD) December 31, 1948 Former representative
40 Russell B. Long (D-LA)
41 Matthew M. Neely (D-WV) January 3, 1949 Previously a senator
42 Lyndon Johnson (D-TX) Former representative (12 years)
43 Estes Kefauver (D-TN) Former representative (10 years)
44 Margaret Chase Smith (R-ME) Former representative (8 years, 7 months)
45 Clinton Anderson (D-NM) Former representative (4 years, 5 months)
46 Robert S. Kerr (D-OK) Former governor, Oklahoma 22nd in population (1940)
47 Andrew F. Schoeppel (R-KS) Former governor, Kansas 29th in population (1940)
48 Paul Douglas (D-IL) Illinois 3rd in population (1940)
49 Hubert Humphrey (D-MN) Minnesota 18th in population (1940)
50 Joseph Frear, Jr. (D-DE) Delaware 47th in population (1940)
51 Henry Dworshak (R-ID) October 14, 1949
52 Frank Carlson (R-KS) November 27, 1950
53 John O. Pastore (D-RI) December 19, 1950
54 Everett Dirksen (R-IL) January 3, 1951 Former representative (16 years)
55 Francis H. Case (R-SD) Former representative (14 years)
56 Almer Monroney (D-OK) Former representative (12 years)
57 Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. (D-MO) Former representative (6 years)
58 George Smathers (D-FL) Former representative (4 years)
59 John M. Butler (R-MD) Maryland 28th in population (1940)
60 Wallace F. Bennett (R-UT) Utah 40th in population (1940)
61 Charles E. Potter (R-MI) November 5, 1952 Former representative
62 Prescott Bush (R-CT)
63 Thomas Kuchel (R-CA) January 2, 1953
64 William A. Purtell (R-CT) January 3, 1953 Previously a senator
65 Albert Gore, Sr. (D-TN) Former representative (14 years)
66 Henry M. Jackson (D-WA) Former representative (12 years)
67 James Glenn Beall (R-MD) Former representative (10 years), Maryland 24th in population (1950)
68 Mike Mansfield (D-MT) Former representative (10 years), Montana 42nd in population (1950)
69 John F. Kennedy (D-MA) Former representative (6 years)
70 Frederick G. Payne (R-ME) Former governor, Maine 35th in population (1950)
71 Frank A. Barrett (R-WY) Former governor, Wyoming 48th in population (1950)
72 Price Daniel (D-TX) Texas 6th in population (1950)
73 Stuart Symington (D-MO) Missouri 12th in population (1950)
74 Barry Goldwater (R-AZ) Arizona 37th in population (1950)
75 Sam Ervin (D-NC) June 5, 1954
76 Norris Cotton (R-NH) November 8, 1954 Former representative (7 years, 10 months)
77 Roman Hruska (R-NE) Former representative (1 year, 10 months)
78 Joseph C. O\'Mahoney (D-WY) November 29, 1954 Previously a senator
79 W. Kerr Scott (D-NC)
80 Alan Bible (D-NV) December 2, 1954
81 Carl Curtis (R-NE) January 1, 1955
82 Clifford P. Case (R-NJ) January 3, 1955 Former representative (8 years)
83 Thomas Martin (R-IA) Former representative (6 years)
84 Patrick V. McNamara (D-MI) Maryland 24th in population (1950)
85 Richard L. Neuberger (D-OR) Oregon 31st in population (1950)
86 Gordon L. Allott (R-CO) Colorado 32nd in population (1950)
87 W. Chapman Revercomb (R-WV) November 7, 1956 Previously a senator (6 years)
88 John Sherman Cooper (R-KY) Previously a senator (twice) (total tenure 4 years, 4 months)
89 Strom Thurmond (D-SC) Previously a senator (1 year, 3 months)
91 Thruston Ballard Morton (R-KY) January 3, 1957 Former representative (6 years)
90 John A. Carroll (D-CO) Former representative (4 years)
92 Frank J. Lausche (D-OH) Former governor, Ohio 5th in population (1950)
93 Herman Talmadge (D-GA) Former governor, Georgia 13th in population (1950)
94 Joseph S. Clark (D-PA) Pennsylvania 3rd in population (1950)
95 Frank Church (D-ID) Idaho 43rd in population (1950)
96 Jacob K. Javits (R-NY) January 9, 1957
William A. Blakley (D-TX) January 15, 1957
Ralph Yarborough (D-TX) April 29, 1957
William Proxmire (D-WI) August 28, 1957
John D. Hoblitzell, Jr. (R-WV) January 25, 1958
Ben Jordan (D-NC) April 19, 1958
Jennings Randolph (D-WV) November 5, 1958
: U.S. Senate seniority
The most senior senators by class were Harry F. Byrd Sr. (D-Virginia) from Class 1, Richard Russell Jr. (D-Georgia) from Class 2, and Carl Hayden (D-Arizona) from Class 3
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# Gisli (contemporary musician)
**Gisli** is an Icelandic solo musician, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist now operating in London, UK. His brand of pop-rock has been likened to, amongst others, Beck.
He had some degree of chart success in the United Kingdom with his debut album \'How About That?\' (2004) and appeared at Glastonbury Festival in 2004.
His second album, Build-Ups And Break-Downs, was recently released on EMI.`{{when|date=December 2020}}`{=mediawiki}
Gisli has also produced and written songs for other artists, including Norwegian artist Anja Garbarek. Her album *Briefly shaking* was co-written/produced by Gisli and later picked up by French director Luc Besson for use in his movie *Angel-A*.
In addition to his solo and production career, Gisli is also a full-time member of the group Half Tiger
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# Indramalati
***Indramalati*** is a 1939 film directed by the Assamese poet Jyotiprasad Agarwala.
## Background
Director Jyotiprasad faced a major financial crisis after his first film *Joymoti* (1935) failed commercially. He spent more than Rs 50,000 and was in debt in the late 1930s; he was fortunate to gather together just Rs 15,000 to make his dream of making a second film come true. Desperately seeking to compensate the loss he incurred in the making of *Joymoti*, he began shooting *Indramalati* in late 1937. This time, however, he did not use his Chitraban Studio for the outdoor shoot. Instead, he chose the \'Talbari\' of his family, at Harigaon, two kilometres from Tezpur Mission Chariali. Within seven days, Jyotiprasad completed the outdoor shooting for the picture with the camera often kept at a fixed point as the sets and artistes kept changing the angles. The film used over 15,000 feet of reel.
On it release in 1939, the film was relatively successful, earning in excess of *Joymati*, aiding Jyotiprasad to go on to direct other films afterwards.
## Story
Jyotiprasad Agarwala wrote the story of *Indramalati*, which was a tale of romance. The name of the hero was Indrajit while Malati was the name of the heroine. Significantly, Jyotiprasad was the first filmmaker to introduce the style of movie-making of using the names of the lead pair.
The role of the hero was played by Manoviram Baruah while Raseswari Baruah (Hazarika) was cast as Malati. Acclaimed theatre actor Phani Sarma was again drafted in to play one of the significant roles, that of Indrajit\'s friend. Even great Assamese musician Dr Bhupen Hazarika acted in the film and sang \"Biswa Bijoyee Navajowan\" at only age 13. Unlike casting for his first film, Jyotiprasad faced comparatively less trouble in finding actors for *Indramalati*.
There were only nine major roles in *Indramalati*. Besides Manoviram Barua and Raseswari Baruah, the others were Phani Sarma, Thanuram Bora, Lalit Mohan Choudhury, Khargeswar Agarwalla, Kashi Saikia, Bedananda Sarma and Bhupen Hazarika. Other actors who were in the film included the Rupkonwar himself, Jnanaviram Barua, Mani Lahiri, etc.
## Filming and production {#filming_and_production}
After the casting and seven-day outdoor shoot, the eight-member film unit left for Kolkata where they would shoot for the indoor locations. Sets were built in Arora Studio, Narkeldanga, where all the indoor shooting was done. An amazingly short three-day shooting schedule at Arora Studio was followed by the artistes, working hard round the clock.
*Indramalati* was produced once again under the banner of 'Chitralekha Movietone and was very much a solo effort in that Jyotiprasad Agarwalla was the director, screenwriter, lyricist, music director, art director, costume designer and editor.
No artistes of *Indramalati*, like *Joymoti*, took remuneration. They even participated in the shooting wearing their own clothes. In some scenes, the costumes fail to maintain continuity
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# Creative Wave Blaster
The **Wave Blaster** was an add-on MIDI-synthesizer for Creative Sound Blaster 16 and Sound Blaster AWE32 family of PC soundcards. It was a sample-based synthesis General MIDI compliant synthesizer. For General MIDI scores, the Wave Blaster\'s wavetable-engine produced more realistic instrumental music than the SB16\'s onboard Yamaha-OPL3.
The Wave Blaster attached to a SB16 through a 26-pin expansion-header, eliminating the need for extra cabling between the SB16 and the Wave Blaster. The SB16 emulated an MPU-401 UART, giving existing MIDI-software the option to send MIDI-sequences directly to the attached Wave Blaster, instead of driving an external MIDI-device. The Wave Blaster\'s analog stereo-output fed into a dedicated line-in on the SB16, where the onboard-mixer allowed equalization, mixing, and volume adjustment.
The Wave Blaster port was adopted by other sound card manufacturers who produced both daughterboards and soundcards with the expansion-header: Diamond, Ensoniq, Guillemot, Oberheim, Orchid, Roland, TerraTec, Turtle Beach, and Yamaha. The header also appeared on devices such as the Korg NX5R MIDI sound module, the Oberheim MC-1000/MC-2000 keyboards, and the TerraTec Axon AX-100 Guitar-to-MIDI converter.
Since 2000, Wave Blaster-capable sound cards for computers are becoming rare. In 2005, Terratec released a new Wave Blaster daughterboard called the *Wave XTable* with 16mb of on-board sample memory comprising 500 instruments and 10 drum kits. In 2014, a new compatible card called Dreamblaster S1 was produced by the Belgian company Serdaco. In 2015 that same company released a high end card named Dreamblaster X1, comparable to Yamaha and Roland cards. In 2016 DreamBlaster X2 was released, a board with both a Wave Blaster interface and a USB interface.
## Wave Blaster II {#wave_blaster_ii}
Creative released the Wave Blaster II (CT1910) shortly after the original Wave Blaster. Wave Blaster II used a newer E-mu EMU8000 synthesis-engine (which later appeared in the AWE32).
By the time the SB16 reached the height of its popularity, competing MIDI-daughterboards had already pushed aside the Wave Blaster. In particular, Roland\'s Sound Canvas daughterboards (SCD-10/15), priced higher than Creative\'s offering, were highly regarded for their unrivalled musical reproduction in MIDI-scored game titles. (This was due to Roland\'s dominance in the production aspect of the MIDI game soundtracks; Roland\'s daughterboards shared the same synthesis-engine and instrument sound-set as the popular Sound Canvas 55, a commercial MIDI module favored by game composers.) By comparison, the Wave Blaster\'s instruments were improperly balanced, with many instruments striking at different volume-levels (relative to the de facto standard, Sound Canvas.)
## Reception
*Computer Gaming World* in 1993 praised the Wave Blaster\'s audio quality and stated that the card was the best wave-table synthesis device for those with a compatible sound card
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# Gioacchino La Lomia
**Gioacchino La Lomia** (3 March 1831 -- 30 July 1905) - born **Gaetano La Lomia**, religious name **Gioacchino Fedele da Canicattì** - was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and a professed member from the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin. La Lomia served as part of a papal-commissioned mission to Brazil where he dedicated himself to works of evangelization and the preservation of culture. He was a noted preacher and served as a confessor to Emperor Pedro II.
La Lomia\'s cause for canonization commenced and he was titled as a Servant of God when it commenced. In 2002 he was named as Venerable upon confirmation of his life of heroic virtue.
## Life
Gaetano La Lomia was born on 3 March 1831 in Canicattì as the seventh of nine children to the baron Nicolò La Lomia and Eleonora Agostino ( 1799-15.3.1879); the couple married on 11 October 1818. One brother was Francesco Salvatore. His maternal grandparents were Ferdinando Agostino and Rosalia Li Chiavi and his maternal great-grandfather was Marco Agostino. His nephew was the writer Agostino Fausto La Lomia (30.1.1905-21.1.1978). He received baptism from Biagio Salamone and his godparents were Emanuele and Carolina La Lomia.
He decided to become a Franciscan after he heard the Capuchin priest Michele da San Cataldo preach. La Lomia entered the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin on 4 November 1851 where he assumed the religious name of \"Gioacchino Fedele da Canicattì\" and was vested on 12 December 1852 before he was ordained to the priesthood in Palermo on 2 June 1855; he had received the tonsure and minor orders the previous 2 March. La Lomia made his solemn profession in Agrigento on 5 November 1853 and since 1861 underwent his theological and philosophical studies at Caltanissetta. On 27 June 1864 he left for Rome to learn Portuguese. He served in the missions in the Amazonian Forest in Brazil from March 1868 until 1880 at the behest of Pope Pius IX who commissioned the Franciscan-led mission. He departed from Sardinia on 13 January 1868 and arrived first in Rio de Janeiro in March. Together with other brothers in the mission he preached the Gospel to thirteen villages and dedicated himself to the improvement of the health and the wellbeing of the Brazilian people as well as to the improvement of culture in the region; he also baptized converts to the faith. Ill health forced him to stop his work and return to his homeland and he left on 14 January 1880 to arrive in Rome on 1 April. It was upon his return that his nephew Nicolò La Lomia informed him that his mother had died on 15 March 1879.
He returned to his homeland in 1880 and established the convent for the order at Canicattì in the Madonna della Rocca church. He was famous for performing miracles both in Brazil and in his homeland and he was a noted preacher and evangelist. His charismatic and humble nature was recognized and even Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil acknowledged him and had La Lomia hear his confessions.
La Lomia preached his final mission starting on 6 April 1903 and knew around Easter that his life was coming to a close. On 28 July 1905 he was bought to his cell window to impart his blessing to the faithful who kept their vigil outside. La Lomia died in his convent at 8:00pm on 30 July 1905. Doctor Sciacca embalmed him on 31 July and his funeral was celebrated on 1 August lasting over three hours; his remains were relocated on 21 April 1912.
## Beatification process {#beatification_process}
The beatification process for La Lomia began in the Agrigento archdiocese that saw the late friar titled as a Servant of God; the Archbishop Giovanni Battista Peruzzo oversaw the informative phase of investigation from 1949 until its closure in 1951. The documents and other collected information from the archdiocese was sent to the Congregation for Rites but the cause remained dormant for some time until the Congregation for the Causes of Saints began assessing the documents and validated the informative process on 26 April 1985.
The postulation later compiled and submitted the Positio dossier to the C.C.S. for further investigation. The theologians approved the dossier\'s contents in their meeting on 12 February 2002 as did the C.C.S. themselves on 9 April 2002. On 23 April 2002 - in the Clementine Hall - Pope John Paul II proclaimed him to be Venerable after confirming that the late friar had lived a model life of heroic virtue.
One miracle is required to receive papal ratification before La Lomia can be beatified. One such case was investigated and was sent to the C.C.S. for additional investigation; the C.C.S. validated the process on 19 December 1997 but initial investigation debunked the healing as no miracle attributed to La Lomia prompting the search for another possible miracle. There was a second later reported in France and was investigated with that process ending sometime in 2016; the documents were sent to the C.C.S. in March 2017 for further evaluation. The postulator for this cause is the Franciscan priest Carlo Calloni.
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# Gioacchino La Lomia
## Music
In the 1970s there was the first recording of \"The Padre Gioacchino Song\" in the Sicilian region on 45rpm that Cesare d\'Ambra undertook; the orchestration was performed under the direction of Maestro Giuseppe Buttice. It remains a noted piece of music still recited.
Chista e\' la storia\
di Patri Jachinu,\
lu bon cappuccinu,\
di Canijatti\'.\
Lassa\' lu munnu,\
si chiusi \'ncummentu\
e tuttu cuntentu\
a Diu, sirvi\...
This is the story\
of Padre Gioacchino,\
the good Cappuccino,\
of Canicatti\'.\
He left the world\
to be secluded in a convent\
totally contented\
to serve the Lord\..
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# Mi novia está de madre
***Mi novia está de madre*** is a Dominican comedy movie released in the summer of 2007. The film stars Roberto Salcedo, Mexican actress Patricia Manterola, and merengue singer Eddy Herrera
| 36 |
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| 0 |
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# Stefano Amadei
**Stefano Amedei** (20 January 1580 -- 20 January 1644) was an Italian painter of the early Baroque period, who painted still-life and sacred paintings.
## Biography
Born in Perugia; he trained there with Giulio Cesare Angeli, and developed a studio in Rome. Lupattelli claims he studied perspective under the mathematician Lemme Rossi. Amedei later opened a studio/school in Perugia. He painted for the chapel of the Madonna Addolorata in the church of Santa Maria Nuova; an altarpiece of the *Sorrowful Virgin before the Cross*, and two lateral paintings depicting the *Presentation of Mary at the Temple* and the *Marriage of Mary*, and smaller paintings of *Jesus with the crown of thorns* and *St Paul*. He painted the main altarpiece (1632) for the church of San Severo, depicting the *Virgin in Glory with the Jesus child, and Saints Benedict, Romuald, Severo, Andrea, Agata, and Lucia*. For the Public library, he painted a *Shield of the City with the Virgin and Child and St Catherine*. He is attributed a canvas copy of Raphael\'s *God the Father and Seraphim*.
Among his pupils was Fabio della Cornia
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# Rock Is Dead (Marilyn Manson song)
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| 22 |
Rock Is Dead (Marilyn Manson song)
| 0 |
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# 1853 in Ireland
Events from the year **1853 in Ireland**.
## Events
- 15 February -- City of Dublin Steam Packet Company `{{PS|Queen Victoria|1838}}`{=mediawiki}, inward bound from Liverpool, sinks in a snowstorm at night below Baily Lighthouse on Howth Head with the loss of more than 80 lives.
- 12 May--31 October -- Great Industrial Exhibition held in Dublin, promoted by William Dargan. Queen Victoria, accompanied by the Prince Consort and the Prince of Wales, pays an official visit on 29 August. John Hutton & Son of Dublin exhibit the Irish State Coach.
## Births
- 30 January -- Leland Hone, cricketer (died 1896).
- 6 February -- Robert John McConnell, businessman, baronet and Lord Mayor of Belfast (died 1927).
- 7 February -- Egerton Bushe Coghill, painter (died 1921).
- 30 March -- Frank O\'Meara, artist (died 1888).
- March -- John Doogan, soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross for gallantry in 1881 at Laing\'s Nek, South Africa (died 1940).
- 10 April -- Owen Hall, theatre writer and critic (died 1907).
- 3 July -- Aloysius O\'Kelly, painter (d. c1941).
- July -- Thomas Brennan, a founder and joint first secretary of the Irish National Land League (died 1912).
## Deaths
- 20 March -- Robert James Graves, physician (born 1796).
- 14 April -- Robert Baldwin Sullivan, lawyer, judge, and politician in Canada, second Mayor of Toronto (born 1802).
- 21 September -- Timothy Burns, Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin from 1851 to 1853 (born 1820).
- 28 October -- Valentine Lawless, 2nd Baron Cloncurry, politician (born 1773)
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# Municipal Reform Party
The **Municipal Reform Party** was a local party allied to the parliamentary Conservative Party in the County of London. The party contested elections to both the London County Council and metropolitan borough councils of the county from 1906 to 1945.
## Formation
The party was formed in 1906 in order to overturn Progressive and Labour control of much of London municipal government. Before 1906 the Conservatives stood as Moderates. A central Municipal Reform Committee was formed in September 1906, and the new organisation absorbed the Moderate Party, who formed the opposition to the Progressives on the county council, as well as groups on the borough councils that opposed what they termed the \"Progressive-Socialist Party\". The new party was actively supported by the London Municipal Society whose aim was \"maintaining and promoting the effective and economical working of the existing system of London Government.\" The Society campaigned on behalf of Municipal Reform candidates, who it was hoped would reduce municipal debt and \"overcome the increasing advance of Socialism under Progressive auspices\".
## Metropolitan borough councils {#metropolitan_borough_councils}
The first elections for which the Municipal Reform Party stood were those to Metropolitan Borough councils, on 1 November 1906. The campaign was very successful, with Municipal Reformers winning control of twenty-two of twenty-eight councils. Of the remaining six councils, three had majorities of Municipal Reform-backed ratepayers or independents. Progressives held only three of twelve boroughs they previously controlled, while the Labour party lost its only borough, Woolwich, to the new party.
1906 was to prove a high point for Municipal Reform in the boroughs. They lost some ground in 1909 and 1912, but in 1919 they suffered major reverses at the hands of a resurgent Labour Party. Labour and Municipal Reform each had control of 11 boroughs after the election, although Municipal Reformers were able to have a share of power in the remaining boroughs by forming anti-Labour alliances with the remnants of the Progressive organisation. This anti-Labour strategy led to them returning to power in a number of boroughs at the next election in 1922 and by 1931 they controlled 18 boroughs, with six others controlled by allied parties or coalitions. From that point on the party\'s vote and share of seats declined at each election. The last election contested by the Municipal Reform Party was in 1945, when they held six boroughs. At the following election in 1949, official Conservative Party candidates stood for the first time.
## London County Council {#london_county_council}
Following their success in the 1906 borough elections, the Municipal Reform Party published a manifesto for the 1907 London County Council election. The party\'s policies included: tight controls on financial expenditure, proper auditing of municipal accounts, creation of a traffic board to co-ordinate transport in the capital, abandonment of the Progressive Party\'s plan to supply electricity in favour of provision by private enterprise and an education policy favouring denominational schools.
The election was held on 2 March 1907, and the party\'s campaign was highly successful, with Municipal Reformers taking power from the Progressives. The party was to hold power until 1934 when the Labour Party under Herbert Morrison gained control.
From 1934 to 1946 the Municipal Reform Party formed the opposition on the county council. The party effectively ceased to exist in 1946, when no Municipal Reform Party candidates were nominated for the county council election, and Conservative candidates appeared in their place for the first time.
## Leaders on London County Council {#leaders_on_london_county_council}
: 1907: Richard Robinson
: 1908: William Peel
: 1910: Hayes Fisher
: 1911: Cyril Jackson
: 1915: Ronald Collet Norman
: 1917: George Hume
: 1925: William Ray
: 1934: Harold Webbe
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# Municipal Reform Party
## Members of the Party {#members_of_the_party}
- Frank Goldsmith, representative for South St. Pancras (1904--1910) and whip of the party.
- Sir Henry Percy Harris, chairman of the London County Council 1907--08, then MP for Paddington South 1910--1922.
- Cecil Levita, chairman of the London County Council 1928--29.
- Ronald Collet Norman, chairman of the London County Council 1918--19.
- Richard Robinson, leader of the London County Council 1907--08.
- Sir Robert Tasker
- Harold Webbe, leader of the party for 12 years
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# Gordon Fraser (actor)
**Gordon Fraser** (born 6 May 1973) is a Scottish entrepreneur, producer, actor, singer, writer, motivational speaker, and philanthropist. He divides his time between Los Angeles and London.
## Early life {#early_life}
Gordon Fraser, who is of Scottish descent, was born in Ayr and raised in Glasgow. He attended The Glasgow Academy until the age of 17, then waited tables at Parklands Country Club and other restaurants and hotels in Glasgow. He initially did not have the financial resources to pursue training as an actor, so he turned to a career in sales.
## Career
In 1995, Fraser joined the sales floor of British Telecom\'s first UK outbound Telesales Center, then moved to the customer service team. He worked in the London division for the Yellow Pages Sales Division before taking a sales position for the McAfee Anti-Virus Software Division. In 2002, Fraser left McAfee to pursue training as an actor at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art.
In 2008, Fraser returned to sales, joining the skin care and wellness brand Arbonne. He was the first man to rise to the level of Executive National Vice President in the company\'s 37-year history, in part because of his leadership in heading a network of Arbonne consultants and buyers in a global sales campaign. As part of his Network Marketing business, Fraser also became the face and spokesman for many of the products and he played a key role in reshaping the Arbonne brand to include men.
Starting in 2013, Fraser also expanded his speaking, writing, coaching, and consulting work, focusing on wellness, health, philanthropy, and entrepreneurship. His writings integrated mindfulness and purpose into his motivational and inspirational messages. Fraser also produced a number of creative projects, especially in the theatre and on screen, and developed a men\'s swimwear line called Bruno Lima.
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# Gordon Fraser (actor)
## Acting and producing {#acting_and_producing}
Fraser\'s first stage appearance was at age three at Ayr\'s Gaiety Theatre, when he appeared with the Scottish entertainer Glen Michael in his Cavalcade Show. He had regular appearances in Scottish professional and semi-professional theatre and TV and then auditioned for the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art. He was accepted to LAMDA and graduated in 2003. His first professional role after graduating from LAMDA was to play the Master in Blanche MacIntyre\'s "The Master and Margarita" at London\'s Greenwich Theater. He also played the main character in the comedy Odor-Eater commercial that ran globally for two years.
Fraser regularly performed in theatre and on television. He played the title role in The Nelson Musical (2005), a musical based on the life of Horatio Nelson. He played Nicolas in Richard Harris\'s tongue-in-cheek musical Celebrity Me, produced by Bill Kenwright, and Lucius in Max Lewendel\'s international tour of Titus Andronicus. Fraser was cast as Daniel in Sky One\'s drama doc, Coked Up Britain. Fraser was elected as Secretary and then Press Secretary of the British Actors Trade Union, Equity in 2005 for their Home Counties West Branch.
In 2006, Fraser originated the part of Tom and played opposite Anita Louise Coombe in Over the Threshold: A Musical Romp of Sexual Misdemeanors and Misunderstanding at the Gatehouse Theatre, Highgate. He played the role of the Sergeant in Irish playwright Kenneth Hickey\'s tragedy Song of the Shore directed by Emmy Award-winning director John Bruce at Windsor Arts Theatre.
His film work includes *Blacking Iago* on BBC America, *This Year\'s Love* directed by David Kane, *Preaching to the Perverted* directed by Stuart Urban, *Red Light Runners* directed by Graham Moore, and *Gone* directed Kevin Turrell.
In 2007, Fraser performed as Le Vicomte de Valmont in scenes from Les Liaisons Dangereuses, under the direction of Jennifer Gelfer and working alongside Carey Mulligan, at the Theatre Royal Haymarket. Fraser was also part of the LAMDA and the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) alumni who inspired the documentary-theater production of A2K (Ali to Karim: A Tribute to the Ismaili Imams), which was commissioned by London\'s Ismaili Centre in celebration of Aga Khan\'s 50th anniversary. In summer 2007, Fraser also collaborated with Gilbert Adair and New Gods & Heroes, Ltd. for Gilbert\'s stage adaptation of Love and Death on Long Island, based on a novella loosely based on Thomas Mann\'s Death in Venice, which also inspired the movie with Sir John Hurt & Jason Priestly. Fraser played the lead role of Ronnie Bostock. Fraser has also produced a number of projects for \"New Gods & Heroes, Ltd.\", including both theater and online intellectual properties. In 2007, Fraser also worked at the invitation of director John Bruce on LoveBytes for Sky One, a series of Shakespeare\'s Sonnets in contemporary settings with Kenneth Branagh, Zoe Wannamaker, Derek Jacobi & Tracy Childs.
In 2008, Fraser took a break from the acting world when he decided to build a network marketing business through Arbonne (see career section below). Fraser returned to the theatre and began acting in 2014. He expanded his role to include producing as well as acting in productions across multiple formats. He collaborated with Bill Taub, and the two created and co-produced \"G-Spot,\" an online comedy series that debuted at the 2018 LA Webfest at Sony Pictures Entertainment Studies in Culver City, California, on April 27, 2018. The story was loosely based on Fraser\'s experiences in Los Angeles and his befriending of psychic twins, Terry and Linda Jamison. G-Spot was nominated for Best Comedy Series, Best Actor, Best Original Music, and Best Sound Design.
## Writing
As a creative writer and social commentator, Fraser has contributed to *Gay Times*, *Pride and Equality*, *Talk Business*, *S.C.L.*, *Authority*, and *Surrey Life* magazines. He has a blog on the internet called *We Are the City* Magazine. He also contributed a chapter to *The Four Year Career* by Richard Bliss Brooke (London: Bliss Business, 2017).
Other publications that regularly feature his writings on lifestyle and business include *Business Digest*, *Business Manchester*, *Insight*, *Career Gal*, and *Savoir Faire*.
*UNILAD* author Emma Rosemurgey interviewed Fraser on the significance of David Bowie coming out in 1972, not only for the LGBTQ rights movement but also popular music for the next two decades.
In 2021, Fraser joined *Savoir Faire* magazine as a staff columnist.
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# Gordon Fraser (actor)
## Philanthropy
Set up in 2012, the Gordon Fraser Scholarship at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (LAMDA) provides vital support to students who would otherwise struggle to start or complete their training due to age or financial challenges. The scholarship was set up as a direct consequence of Fraser being unable to continue his own studies due to financial constraints. He also supports the [Tyler Clementi Foundation](https://tylerclementi.org/) (TCF), which is a charity guided by the life and story of Tyler Clementi and promotes safe, inclusive, and respectful social environments in homes, schools, campuses, churches, and the digital world for vulnerable youth, LGBT youth and their allies.
## Trivia
His nickname is \"G.\". He is related to the owners of Daley\'s Department Store (or Daley\'s), affectionately known as Harrods of the North (which once stood proudly in Sauchiehall Street) and to John Urie, founder of City Bakeries and one-time owner of Glasgow\'s Ca d'Oro Building. There is no connection to Sir Hugh Fraser founder of the British department stores House of Fraser or to the greetings card manufacturer of the same name
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# 1743 in Ireland
Events from the year **1743 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: George II
## Events
- c\. April -- radical apothecary Charles Lucas publishes his pamphlet *A Remonstrance against certain Infringements on the Rights and Liberties of the Commons and Citizens of Dublin*, arguing that the right of electing Aldermen for Dublin lies with the entire Corporation.
- 15 June -- Arthur Jones-Nevill is appointed Surveyor General of Ireland in succession to Arthur Dobbs.
## Births
- 16 April -- William Beresford, 1st Baron Decies, Church of Ireland Archbishop of Tuam (died 1819)
- 16 June -- Aedanus Burke, soldier, judge, and United States Representative from South Carolina (died 1802)
- 3 October -- Henry Prittie, 1st Baron Dunalley, politician (died 1801)
- Joseph Atkinson, dramatist (died 1818)
- Henry Vaughan Brooke, politician (died 1807)
- James Gandon, architect (died 1823)
- Edward Hudson, dentist (died 1821)
- Approximate date -- William Creed, politician and merchant in British North America (died 1809)
## Deaths
- 11 April -- Sir John Osborne, 7th Baronet, politician
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# Clement Mazibuko
**Clement Sibusiso Mazibuko** (born 16 September 1977 in Benoni, Gauteng) is a former South African football midfielder. He spent the majority of his career representing South African clubs in domestic competitions, with a short spell in Greece. He is a former international with South Africa, having earned a total of 8 caps during 2001--2003.
## Career
Mazibuko started his career at Bush Bucks in 1998, where he spent 4 years before joining the Mamelodi Sundowns in 2003. He briefly joined struggling Greek Superleague side Ergotelis on loan in 2005, returning to the Mamelodi Sundowns later that year to help them win the South African Premier Division twice, in the 2005--06 and 2006--07 seasons. Mazibuko then moved to newly promoted Thanda Royal Zulu in 2007, and followed them to the National First Division after the club was relegated at the end of the season. He joined fellow National First Division competitors Batau in 2010 to drop to the Second Division as the club was relegated at the end of the 2010--11 season.
Mazibuko returned to top-flight in 2013 signing with South African Premier Division side SuperSport United for the 2013--14 Premier Division season. He then retired in 2014, at age 36.
## International
Mazibuko made a dream debut for South Africa, coming in as a substitute on the 88th minute and scoring his first international goal within 60 seconds on 29 April 2001, during the 1st round of the 2001 COSAFA Cup vs. Mozambique.
### International goals {#international_goals}
\# Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
----- --------------- ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- -------- ----------------------
1\. 29 April 2001 Estádio do Maxaquene, Maputo 0--**3** 0--3 COSAFA Cup 1st Round
## Honours
### Club
Mamelodi Sundowns F.C
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# Conyers Darcy, 2nd Earl of Holderness
**Conyers Darcy, 2nd Earl of Holderness** (1622 -- 13 December 1692) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1679 and later became a peer.
## Life
Darcy was the eldest son of Conyers Darcy, 8th Lord Darcy of Knayth and 5th Lord Conyers and his wife Grace Rokeby, daughter of Thomas Rokeby of Skiers. He was a student of University College, Oxford in 1637 and of Gray\'s Inn in 1640.
In 1660, Darcy was elected Member of Parliament for Boroughbridge in the Convention Parliament. He was elected MP for Yorkshire in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament. From the 1660s until December 1681, when he handed over to his own son, Darcy was Colonel of the Richmondshire Regiment, North Riding Militia. In November 1680 he was elevated to the House of Lords by Writ of acceleration, sitting as **Baron Conyers**. On his father\'s elevation to an earldom in 1682, he acquired the courtesy title **Lord Darcy de Knayth**. He succeeded as 2nd Earl of Holderness, 9th Baron Darcy de Knayth and 6th Baron Conyers on his father\'s death on 14 June 1689.
## Family
Darcy married four times; firstly to Lady Catherine Fane, daughter of Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland. His second marriage took place on 8 February 1650 to Lady Frances Howard (c. 1627--1670), daughter of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Berkshire. He married thirdly, in 1676, Lady Frances Seymour, daughter of William Seymour, 2nd Duke of Somerset. His fourth and final marriage was on 8 January 1685 to The Hon. Elizabeth Frescheville (1635--1690), daughter of John Frescheville, 1st Baron Frescheville.
Darcy\'s eldest son and heir apparent was John Darcy, Lord Conyers (c. 1659--1689) who was by his second marriage to Frances Howard. John Darcy married Bridget, daughter of Robert Sutton, 1st Baron Lexinton. However, this son John predeceased his father, and so, upon the death of Lord Holderness in 1692, the earldom passed to Robert Darcy, 3rd Earl of Holderness (1681--1722), John\'s second but oldest surviving son.
## Styles
- Mr Conyers Darcy (1622--1641)
- The Hon
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# Cornell School District (Allegheny County, Pennsylvania)
**Cornell School District** is a diminutive, suburban public school district in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The district encompasses approximately 2 square miles. According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 7,363. In 2009, the district residents\' per capita income was \$17,935, while the median family income was \$41,497. It serves students in the Pittsburgh suburbs of Coraopolis and Neville Township.
Cornell School District operates 2 schools: Cornell Elementary (K-6) and Cornell High School which serves 7-12th grade. In 2010 the high school and junior high school were combined for administration purposes. Cornell School District Educational Center is located on one campus in Coraopolis with separate wings for elementary and secondary instruction. The climate-controlled building includes a gymnasium, auditorium, and pool. Separate libraries fulfill the different needs of elementary and secondary students. The elementary and secondary cafeterias serve both breakfast and lunch.\
The professional staff has an average of 9 years teaching experience, and 40 percent of the teachers have advanced degrees. The district\'s class sizes average about 20 students and a staff/pupil ratio of 14 to one.
## Extracurriculars
The district offers a variety of clubs, activities and sports.
### Athletics
The interscholastic athletic program provides high-level competition in both team and individual sports. Interscholastic sports are those in which students compete against teams or individuals from other school districts. Athletic activities are offered at the junior high school, 9th grade, junior varsity, and varsity levels. Some sports do not offer competition in all four levels.
- **Boys:** Baseball, Basketball, Cross-Country, Football, Golf, Swimming, Track, and Soccer.
- **Girls:** Basketball, Cross-Country, Golf, Soccer, Softball, Swimming, Track, and Volleyball.
The Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (P.I.A.A.) governs high school interscholastic sports programs in Pennsylvania. As a member the district, follows the policies and regulations formulated by the association. Additional information regarding the athletic program is available from the athletic director.
### Activities and clubs {#activities_and_clubs}
Students are offered a number of extracurricular experiences. Students can participate in the band beginning in seventh grade. Other activities include a student newspaper, yearbook, Key Club, National Honor Society, junior high and high school student councils, and class plays
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# Kazbek Tambi
**Kazbek Tambi** is a retired American soccer midfielder who formerly coached both Seton Hall University women\'s soccer team and the United States U-17 women\'s soccer team. He spent two seasons in the North American Soccer League, four in the Major Indoor Soccer League and one in the American Soccer League. He was also a member of the U.S. Olympic soccer team at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
## Player
### Youth
Tambi was born in Paterson, New Jersey and attended Ridgewood High School in Ridgewood, New Jersey, graduating in 1979. He is Karachay and his family was originally from the North Caucasus region of Karachayevo-Cherkessia, which they fled as refugees during World War II to Turkey before settling in Paterson. He was a four-year starter on the school\'s soccer team, earning All State his senior year. After graduating from high school, he attended Columbia University from 1979 to 1983 where he played on the men\'s soccer team. He was the team captain and was part of the team which reached the 1983 Final Four. He graduated from Columbia with a bachelor\'s degree in economics in 1983.
### National team {#national_team}
In 1983, Tambi was the captain of the U.S. team at the 1983 Pan American games. In 1984, he was a member of the U.S. team at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. He was originally named as an alternate to the team, but earned a roster spot when Dan Canter was injured just before the tournament.
### Professional
The New York Cosmos of the North American Soccer League drafted Tambi and he signed with the team on October 15, 1984. At the end of that season, the league folded and the Cosmos moved to the Major Indoor Soccer League. However, they were unable to complete the 1984--1985 MISL season before folding. On September 17, 1985, Tambi signed with the Minnesota Strikers of MISL. On September 5, 1986, the Strikers released Tambi. He then signed with the New York Express in November. The Express released him on January 3, 1987. Tambi began law school in 1987, but returned to soccer in the spring of 1988 when he signed with the New Jersey Eagles of the American Soccer League.
## Coach
Since retiring from playing professionally, Tambi has coached extensively at the club, collegiate, professional and national team levels. On the club level, Tambi has served as the head coach of Arsenal World Class. He has spent time with both girls and boys team associated with the club.
In 1998, Seton Hall University hired Tambi as an assistant coach to the men\'s soccer team. Tambi would remain in that position through the 2006 season. On January 25, 2007, Seton Hall announced Tambi would become the head coach of the women\'s soccer team. Tambi completed his law degree from Seton Hall in 1990. He practices law in addition to his coaching duties.
Tambi has also coached at the professional level, spending three seasons (2002--2005) with the defunct New Jersey Stallions women\'s team which competed in the W-League. In June 2005, the U.S. Soccer Federation hired Tambi as the coach for the U.S. U-16 girls national team.
In 2004, Ridgewood High School inducted Tambi into its Athletic Hall of Fame. Tambi has been a resident of Paramus, New Jersey
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# 1819 in Ireland
Events from the year **1819 in Ireland**.
## Events
- 9 April -- 7 June: Select Committee of the House of Commons inquires into the state of disease and condition of the poor in Ireland. Typhus epidemic continues.
- 3 May -- Henry Grattan petitions the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in favour of Catholic emancipation.
- 26 June -- first detachment of John Devereux\'s Irish Legion sets sail from Liverpool in the *Charlotte Gambier* to aid Simón Bolívar in his campaign to liberate New Granada in South America.
- 13/14 July -- uxoricide of Ellen Scanlan (née Hanley, the \"Colleen Bawn\") and dumping of her body in the River Shannon.
- c\. October -- disturbances by supporters of Ribbonism.
## Arts and literature {#arts_and_literature}
- 16 April -- the Belfast Harp Society is reconstituted as the Irish Harp Society.
- Publication of William Parnell\'s *Maurice and Berghetta, or, the priest of Rahery: a tale* anonymously in London.
## Births
- January -- William Travers, lawyer, politician, explorer, and naturalist in New Zealand (died 1903).
- 31 January -- William Pakenham, 4th Earl of Longford, soldier and politician (died 1887).
- 1 March -- Mother Vincent Whitty, nun (died 1892).
- 30 March -- Bartholomew Woodlock, Roman Catholic Bishop of Ardagh (died 1902).
- 31 March -- Edward Selby Smyth, British General, commanded Militia of Canada from 1874 to 1880 (died 1896).
- 1 May -- Jimmy Corcoran, emigrant to Manhattan (died 1900).
- 2 July -- Edward Vaughan Hyde Kenealy, barrister and writer (died 1880).
- 5 July -- Hedges Eyre Chatterton, Conservative Party MP and Vice-Chancellor of Ireland (died 1910).
- 8 July -- Francis Leopold McClintock, Royal Navy officer, explorer in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (died 1907).
- 25 July -- John J. Conroy, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Albany (New York) (died 1895).
- 13 August -- George Stokes, mathematician known for the creation of the Navier-Stokes equation (died 1903).
- 10 September -- Joseph M. Scriven, poet, hymnodist and philanthropist (died 1886).
- 25 September -- George Salmon, mathematician and theologian (died 1904).
- 28 December -- Arthur Hunter Palmer, politician in Australia (died 1898).
- Nicholas Joseph Crowley, portrait painter (died 1857).
- Edwin Hayes, English-born marine watercolourist (died 1904).
- Henry Wellesly McCann, farmer and politician in Canada.
- Joseph Neale McKenna, banker and politician (died 1906).
## Deaths
- 26 September -- James Towers English, mercenary (born 1782).
- 27 November -- Gustavus Conyngham, privateer (born c.1744/45).
- 10 December -- Euseby Cleaver, Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland) (born 1746).
- Thomas Meredith, clergyman and mathematician (born 1777).
- James O\'Hara, military officer and businessman in the United States (born c.1752)
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# Room One
***Room One*** is a children\'s book written by Andrew Clements. Part of his School series, it was released by Simon & Schuster in 2006. *Room One* is a Junior Library Guild book, and won the 2007 Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Juvenile Mystery.
## Summary
*Room One* is a story about sixth-grader Ted Hammond. He is an avid mystery fan and detective. On one of his normal newspaper routes, he looks into the Andersons\' house and sees a mysterious face through the attic window. He passes by but soon remembers that the Andersons moved out 2 years ago. Ted becomes determined to find out whose face it is. It turns out to be April (who he thought was Alexa), a girl who lived in the Anderson farm for just a short while. April asks Ted to get them food and supplies. Ted does so happily but has to be sneaky because he is taking it from his own home. Ted not wanting his mom to find him taking extra food, wakes up early in the morning to collect food for April and her family. Ted makes it out safe early in the morning without being caught. At night Ted is caught by his teacher, Mrs. Mitchell, and he explains everything to her. A few days later, April and her family are found by Ted at the farm across the street. Ted then has the idea for the real Alexa, April\'s mom, and Ted\'s mom to meet. That plan fails. Ted then is shocked that the town plans a big surprise for them, but the family goes missing. At 8:30 Ted gets a call from April saying that her family are almost in Colorado
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# Nicola Filotesio
**Nicola Filotesio** (9 September 1480 \[differing sources give 1489\]---31 August 1547 \[sources also give 1559\]) was an Italian painter, architect and sculptor of the Renaissance period, active primarily in or near the town of Ascoli Piceno (modern capital of Ascoli Piceno Province in the Marche region).
A native of the town of Amatrice in the Bourbon region of Abruzzo (at present day part of the Province of Rieti in the Lazio region), Nicola Filotesio also appears in contemporary records as **Cola dell\'Amatrice** or **Cola Amatricius**. The son of Mariano Filotesio, he trained with Dionisio Cappelli, painted frescoes at Città di Castello and completed, between 1514 and 1535, works of art in Ascoli Piceno. He designed the façade of the basilica of San Bernardino in L\'Aquila.
The date and place of Nicola Filotesio\'s birth have been historically recorded, but the year has varied within a nine-year period, having been variously indicated as 1480 and 1489. Similarly, the date of his death and the place (Ascoli Piceno) are on record, but the year has varied within a twelve-year range, being given as 1547 or 1559.
A museum dedicated to Filotesio\'s work stood in the town of his birth until it was destroyed in a 2016 earthquake
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# 1992 Alpine Skiing World Cup – Women's giant slalom
**Women\'s giant slalom World Cup 1991/1992**
## Final point standings {#final_point_standings}
In women\'s giant slalom World Cup 1991/92 all results count
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| 0 |
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# The First Day (Kay Tse album)
***The First Day*** is the third album by Hong Kong singer Kay Tse, released on 18 January 2007. It contains three new songs and nine remastered tracks. On 1 March 2007, it was re-released as ***The First Day (2nd Edition)***, including a bonus DVD of Kay Tse\'s *The First Day* concert footage.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. 第一天
2. 姿色份子n (remastered version of 姿色份子)
3. The ROne & BOnly (remastered version of The One & Only)
4. 臭伉儷 (remastered version of 臭男人)
5. 跟我走這世界 (remastered version of 跟我走)
6. 後窗知己
7. 悟入迷途 (remastered version of 悟入歧途)
8. 飛情歌 (remastered version of 菲情歌)
9. 我愛茶舞廳 (remastered version of 我愛茶餐廳)
10. 開卷の樂 (remastered version of 開卷快樂)
11. 一人之盛夏 (remastered version of 一人之夏)
12
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# Melinda's World
***Melinda\'s World*** is a 2003 film adaptation of Marianne Kennedy\'s novel, directed by David Baumgarten and is also Zac Efron\'s film debut.
## Plot
Set in the American Midwest of the 1950s, Melinda (Jenifer Olivares), the eleven-year-old daughter of sour parents (Christina Raines and Thomas Michael Kappler), finds interest in small things: a spun silver spiderweb, her box of treasures, and an afternoon at Silver Lake on her \"day of days\". Melinda\'s often known as a \"silly goose\" by her best friend, Alice Wasser (Jennifer McClusky). As the movie progresses, Melinda experiences ageless comforts and pains. Eliot Bradley (Chad Stevens), a waylaid college professor enters her life along with a warmhearted waitress (Ruth de Sosa), who introduces Melinda to the blues and Coca-Cola. She receives her first explorative attention from a teasing boy named Stuart Wasser (Zac Efron). Escalating tragedy, the death of her beloved Aunt Calla (Mary McKowen), is climaxed by her father\'s eruption into angry drunkenness, shattering Melinda\'s innocence forever and sending her fleeing into the night. The ultimate triumph of Melinda\'s spirit culminates when at year\'s end she once again visits her treasure box with bittersweet memories
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# 1642 in Ireland
Events from the year **1642 in Ireland**.
## Incumbent
- Monarch: Charles I
## Events
- 18 February -- a group of Protestant English settlers surrender to Irish authorities at Castlebar in County Mayo in hopes of having their lives spared, but are killed one week later at Shrule on orders of Edmond Bourke.
- 17 March -- a group of nobles sign the \"Catholic Remonstrance\" at Trim, County Meath addressed to King Charles I.
- 19 March -- the citizens of Galway seize an English naval ship and close the town gates in support of the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
- 22 March -- in a Catholic synod at Kells chaired by Hugh O\'Reilly (Archbishop of Armagh), a majority of bishops proclaim that the rebellion is a just war.
- 26 March -- Siege of Drogheda broken by English reinforcements.
- 14 April -- Battle of Kilrush: English troops under the James Butler, Earl of Ormonde defeat Irish rebels under James\'s cousin, Richard Butler, 3rd Viscount Mountgarret.
- 10 May -- in a Catholic synod at Kilkenny, bishops draft the Confederate Oath of Association, calling on Catholics to swear allegiance to Charles I and to obey orders and decrees made by a \"Supreme Council of the Confederate Catholics\", hence the rebels become known as Confederate Ireland.
- 18 May--23 June -- Siege of Limerick: the English Protestant garrison of King John\'s Castle (Limerick) is forced to surrender by the Confederate Ireland Munster army led by General Garret Barry.
- 16 June -- the Battle of Glenmaquin takes place in County Donegal, with the Protestant Laggan Army decisively defeating Confederate Ireland soldiers.
- July -- Battle of Liscarroll: Murrough O\'Brien, 1st Earl of Inchiquin, leading an English force, routs an Irish rebel army under Garret Barry advancing on Cork.
- 4 August -- Alexander Forbes, 10th Lord Forbes, relieves Forthill and besieges Galway.
- c\. August -- Covenanter Campbell soldiers of the Argyll\'s Foot, encouraged by their commanding officer Sir Duncan Campbell of Auchinbreck, massacre the Catholic MacDonald residents of Rathlin Island.
- 7 September -- Lord Forbes raises his unsuccessful siege of Galway.
- 24 October -- the first Confederate Assembly is held in Kilkenny where it sets up a provisional government, largely Catholic Royalist; start of the Irish Confederate Wars.
- c\. 14 November -- the Confederate Assembly elects a Supreme Council.
- The Presbytery of Ulster, a predecessor of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, is created by chaplains of the Presbyterian Scottish army in Ulster.
## Births
## Deaths
- 7 February -- William Bedell, Church of Ireland Bishop of Kilmore (b. 1571)
- 6 June -- Robert Digby, 1st Baron Digby, peer and Governor of King\'s County.
- 29 September -- David Barry, 1st Earl of Barrymore, dies of wounds received at the Battle of Liscarroll (b
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# Battle of Ekeren
The **Battle of Ekeren**, which took place on 30 June 1703, was a battle of the War of the Spanish Succession. A Bourbon army of around 24,000 men, consisting of troops from France, Spain and Cologne, surrounded a smaller Dutch force of 12,000 men, which however managed to break out and retire to safety.
The battle had limited strategic effect, but, while showing the skill of the Dutch troops, it highlighted the disunity in the Anglo-Dutch command structure. Conflicts arose between various commanders, who all blamed each other for the near-disaster. In France Louis XIV was also displeased, as his superior force had let the Dutch escape.
## Background
The War of the Spanish Succession had commenced in the Netherlands in 1702 with the siege and capture of Kaiserswerth, and with the unsuccessful assault of the French army on Nijmegen. Marlborough took command of the combined Anglo-Dutch army on 1 July and he and Athlone, at the head of 60,000 men, went on the offensive by moving into the Spanish Netherlands. Like Frederick Henry in 1632, the Allied commanders followed the course of the river Meuse. The river was very important as a line of operation, because, due to the inadequacy of the land roads at that time, the possession of a river or a canal to transport an army\'s military necessities was not only advantageous, but almost necessary. The fortresses along the Meuse of Venlo, Stevensweert, Roermond and Liège succumbed to the Allies during this campaign.
The French and Spanish commanders observed the sieges of those cities idly. They had no other intention than to protect the regions of Brabant by means of an extensive entrenched line, which, passed over to the right bank of the Scheldt at Antwerp, and extended over Herentals, Aarschot, Diest and the Mehaigne near Huy to the Meuse. (See the map below)
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# Battle of Ekeren
## Prelude
In 1703 the campaign began with the siege of Bonn, which gave way to Menno van Coehoorn\'s attacks in the first half of May. After the fortress surrendered, Marlborough and the forces that had conducted the siege joined Ouwerkerk\'s army, which had been holding firm at Maastricht, to block Villeroy's French army from advancing to relieve Bonn. The greater part of May and June continued with inconclusive movements on both side, after which Marlborough decided to attack and break through the entrenched lines behind which the French army had withdrawn.
Marlborough first proposed sieges of Ostend and Huy, but his plan was vetoed by the Dutch. Instead Antwerp would be the main target. To capture that city Marlborough planned to pin down the French main force near Liège with the Allied main army of 55,000 men under himself and Ouwerkerk, thereby preventing the enemy from sending reinforcements to Antwerp. On the west bank of the Scheldt a division under generals Coehoorn and Sparre would attack the lines, opposite Dutch Flanders, and enclose Antwerp from the west side. Another division under general Count Wassenaer Obdam, had to enclose Antwerp via the other side of the Scheldt. If successful, the main army would then proceed to Antwerp as swiftly as possible, and start the siege of Antwerp.
Questions can be raised about this plan of attack as the two divisions under the Dutch generals were isolated from each other by the Scheldt and would not be able to come to each other\'s aid quickly in case of emergency. Additionally, the small divisions bore the heaviest burden, while the large Allied force was assigned only a demonstrative role. However, the greatest danger stemmed from the Franco-Spanish shorter internal lines, enabling their main army to reach Antwerp faster than the allied main force.
Upon Coehoorn\'s insistence, Obdam allocated a few of his battalions to the renowned engineer-general. Obdam\'s depleted force of 13 battalions and 26 squadrons, around 12,000 men, marched on 28 June from Bergen op Zoom to Antwerp and arrived the next day at Ekeren, seven kilometres north of Antwerp, just south of Dutch held Fort Lillo and one hour away from the French lines. Obdam\'s army had not remained blind to the danger it faced, and two of its sub-commanders, the Lord of Slangenburg and Count of Tilly, had stressed that danger to the head of the army. Obdam believed he should not act against the orders received and not abandon the position at Ekeren, but he reminded Marlborough of the precarious state of his division. Marlborough however ordered him to stay where he was.
Had this situation lasted only a short while, and had the Anglo-Dutch forces been able to keep the enemy occupied elsewhere, the danger to Obdam would have been relatively minor. However, although Coehoorn and Sparre did attack and capture the Spanish lines at Stekene near Hulst on 27 June, the main army under Marlborough and Ouwerkerk started its diversion too early. By the end of June, the army had already stripped the area around Maastricht and Liège bare to supply itself and would therefore have to move elsewhere. They warned Obdam on 29 June that Villeroy had taken advantage of this to send Duke of Boufflers with part of the French army to link up with the Spanish near Antwerp, under the Marquis of Bedmar. Obdam moved the baggage to safety in time, but, as the French march was expected to take longer than it did, the positions which his army occupied were not yet abandoned when Boufflers arrived. After an exceptionally long march of 55 kilometers (34 miles), the 1,500 grenadiers and 30 squadrons of Boufflers already joined the 28 battalions and 19 squadrons of Bedmar at around midnight, growing the Franco-Spanish force Obdam now faced to some 24,000 men.
| 640 |
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# Battle of Ekeren
## Battle
Early in the morning of 30 June the French dragoons of Louis de Guiscard marched from Merksem and Ekeren in the direction of Kapellen to cut off any potential escape route for the Dutch to Breda and Bergen-op-Zoom, while Bedmar and his Spanish troops were positioned near Wilmarsdonk. The Dutch forces were now surrounded, and severely outnumbered by two to one or more.
Soon Dutch reconnaissance discovered the French dragoons and Obdam immediately sent his cavalry to Hoevenen and Muisbroek, but it was too late, the villages were packed with French troops. They also found the French in great numbers in the village of Oorderen. Seeing the road through Oorderen as the only way to escape the encirclement, Obdam gave orders, at around 4 o\'clock, to attack the village and the Dutch secured control of the village without much difficulty. Meanwhile in the polder, troops under Slangenburg, Tilly and François Nicolas Fagel engaged the Franco-Spanish troops in a struggle reminiscent of a rearguard action.
It was only now that the bulk of the Franco-Spanish infantry arrived on the battlefield. They were mainly sent to the polder where the Franco-Spanish attack gained new intensity. Supported by 10 pieces of artillery, they stormed the Dutch positions. However, the many ditches and hedges in the landscape eroded the cohesion of the attackers and the fighting evolved into isolated battles. Meanwhile, the Franco-Spanish cavalry remained largely inactive because the terrain hindered their usage. The engagement was long and bloody, but the Dutch lower commanders made up for the disparity in numbers by leaning on discipline, drill, and independent and quick thinking.
In the meantime, the French tried to retake Oorderen, but a first attempt was comfortably repulsed. After the arrival of fresh Franco-Spanish troops, another attempt was made. Here, too, the battle was long and fierce. Around 6 o\'clock, Fagel sustained a head injury, which caused some confusion among his troops fighting in the polder. They pulled back which gave the French and Spanish the opportunity to throw more troops into the battle for Oorderen and the Dutch were finally driven out of the village. Mérode-Westerloo then led further attacks to break through to Wilmarsdonk, but these were repulsed by artillery fire from Colonel Verschuer. However, a charge by a detachment of French dragoons did manage to separate Obdam from his troops and after some time after 6 o\'clock there was no more sign of him. He and his companions had removed the Allied green from their hats and their Orange sashes so that the French mistook them for their own countrymen. Thinking his army was destroyed, he then sent a letter reporting defeat to The Hague. Slangenburg, supported by Tilly, Fagel and `{{interlanguage link|Jacob Hop|nl}}`{=mediawiki} took over command.
Around this time, some Dutch troops ran out of ammunition and Fagel ordered the soldiers to use the tin buttons of their uniform coats as bullets. It now became very urgent to break the encirclement. Tilly ordered an attack on some 1,500 Franco-Spanish cavalry crammed on a dyke to relieve the pressure on the Dutch troops in the polder. Hompesch gathered a number of cavalry squadrons and then charged at the Franco-Spanish cavalry. The Franco-Spanish cavalry broke and Hompesch pursued them for a distance of more than a kilometre. He then attacked the French infantry and managed to disperse some of their battalions, after which these French troops fled the battlefield in confusion. As a result the French in the polder pulled back. An attack by four fresh Spanish battalions from Antwerp approaching over the Scheldt embankment was subsequently repulsed. These successes created the opportunity to free up troops for a final assault on Oorderen, to force a breakthrough to safety. If this failed, the army would be lost.
Mérode-Westerloo commanded the Franco-Spanish troops in Oorderen, but the quality of his troops left much to be desired. Some had even dived into the cellars and came out drunk, while a lack of pioneers had prevented the village from being substantially fortified. Around 9 o\'clock, the Dutch attack began. The Baron of Friesheim and the Count of Dohna sent their men wading through waist-deep water, with bayonets ready, on a flanking manoeuvre. They surprised the French and appeared on their flank and rear. The main Dutch force, clustered in a thick mass and followed by the cavalry, advanced over the Scheldt embankment from Wilmerdonk, and stormed Oorderen from that side. Here too the fighting was long and hard, but after 10 o\'clock Mérode-Westerloo was forced to retreat. The French still held out at a sluice behind the village, where they had entrenched themselves; but this post was also overwhelmed. The Dutch now occupied the village and the encirclement was broken. The Dutch army spent the night at Oorderen, where it was reinforced by a few battalions that Coehoorn had sent to their aid from the other side of the Scheldt. At dawn of the following day, the march was continued to Lillo, where they arrived unhindered, without any French attempts to prevent their retreat.
The Duke of Berwick, one of the French generals, wrote:
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# Battle of Ekeren
## Aftermath
The battle had no clear victor, but both sides claimed victory. The Dutch because they had forced the French from the battlefield, allowing them to retire to safety and the French and Spanish because they occupied the battlefield the next day. Both parties also appealed to outward signs of victory such as captured banners and standards. The strategic situation remained largely unchanged. The Dutch pulled back several kilometres, occupying a tactically more favourable position, and Boufflers\' detachment returned, as if nothing had happened, to the French main army. While the failure to capture Antwerp was an Allied setback, chances of success for the Allied plans had neither increased nor decreased. Both before and after the battle, everything depended on the actions of the main armies under Marlborough and Villeroy.
Boufflers was blamed for letting a perfect chance slip through his fingers. He argued that the limited success of the French forces in this otherwise well-designed and initially promising undertaking was caused by the quality of Bedmar\'s infantry regiments. Alongside battalions that performed their duties to the best of their ability, there were others whose combat value was less than mediocre. However, Louis XIV became so displeased with Boufflers that he did not allow him to lead a force in the open field anymore, except for the year of 1709. Mérode-Westerloo, Flemish general in Spanish service, would later blame a lack of support and \'French foolhardiness\' for the ultimate loss of Oorderen.
Obdam had panicked in the afternoon and had managed to get through the enemy line with a handful of riders. The States of Holland, after a careful investigation, declared that they had found that he was not at fault, but the incident ruined his military career. Slangenburg, for his part, was acclaimed as a Dutch hero. He had always been known as a difficult character, but with his newfound fame he was even less inclined to keep quiet. He refrained from supporting rehabilitation for Obdam, got into open conflict with other Dutch commanders and was also furious at Marlborough, who he accused of allowing them to fall into a trap he had warned Marlborough about. This difficult relationship with his peers would eventually lead to his dismissal in 1705.
Nevertheless, the Dutch officers and men had shown their best side while the French and Spanish troops, despite their superiority, had been unable to hold out. The Dutch infantry had once again proved why it was often considered to be the best in Europe. Boufflers wrote that the Dutch had *very-exercised troops whose strength is to fire well, which they certainly do to perfection and with a marvelous order*. But it was the performance of the Dutch cavalry that most impressed contemporaries. Chaplain of the Royal Scots, Samuel Noyes, wrote: *The Dutch Horse has done wonders against the troops of the French household and \[the French\] begin to despise them as much as they were formerly despised by others.* They had shown that they were no longer inferior to the French and Spanish cavalry.
Although Obdam\'s conduct was widely criticised, in England the battle was presented by most as a Dutch success. Marlborough described the battle as one of the most magnificent exploits of the era, but did not share the delight of his countrymen. He was criticised because of the incident, and although Huy, Limbourg and Geldern fell into Allied hands in the months following Ekeren, Marlborough failed to bring Villeroy to battle. He feared that the lack of decisive success in the Low Countries would deter the Dutch from sending troops to Germany, where the Holy Roman Emperor was in an increasingly dire military situation.
## Gallery
<File:Frans> vaandel veroverd in de slag bij Ekeren, 1703 Monsr. Hisson Lt. d\'un Reg. d\'Alsase (titel op object), BI-B-FM-071-29.jpg\|Drawing of a standard from the French Régiment d\'Alsace, captured at the battle of Ekeren. <File:Kaart> van de veldslag bij Ekeren, 1703 Plan van de Batailje der Holland en Franse Armée Voorgevallen tussen Muysebroeck Wilmerdonck en Orderen op den 30. Juny, onder Commande van de Heer Generaal Obd, RP-P-OB-83.166
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# Midhurst (UK Parliament constituency)
**Midhurst** was a parliamentary borough in Sussex, which elected two Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons from 1311 until 1832, and then one member from 1832 until 1885, when the constituency was abolished. Before the Great Reform Act 1832, it was one of the most notorious of England\'s rotten boroughs.
## History
From its foundation in the 14th century until 1832, the borough consisted of part of the parish of Midhurst, a small market town in Sussex. Much of the town as it existed by the 19th century was outside this ancient boundary, but the boundary was in any case academic since the townsfolk had no votes. As a contemporary, writer, Sir George Trevelyan explained in writing about the general election of 1768,
> *the right of election rested in a few small holdings, on which no human being resided, distinguished among the pastures and the stubble that surrounded them by a large stone set up on end in the middle of each portion.*
No doubt these \"burgage tenements\" had once included houses, but long before the 19th century it was notorious that several of them consisted solely of the marker stones, set in the wall of the landowner\'s estate. Even compared with most of the other burgage boroughs this was an extreme situation, and during the parliamentary debates on the Reform Bills in 1831 and 1832 the reformers made much play of Midhurst\'s \"niches in a wall\" as an example of the abuses they wished to correct.
The natural result of a burgage franchise was to encourage some local landowner to attempt to buy up a majority of the tenements, thereby ensuring absolute control of the choice of both of the members of Parliament, and this happened at an early stage in many other burgage boroughs. In Midhurst, however, there was still no single proprietor by the middle of the 18th century. The most influential figure was The Viscount Montagu, who in 1754 claimed to own 104 burgages, but Sir John Peachey owned 40 and there were more than 70 independent burgage holders. Montagu could usually control matters since he could count on the support of at least half of the independent voters, but for many years there had been an agreement not to force matters, and the Peacheys were allowed one of the two seats.
However, after 1754 Montagu began to buy up the independent burgages; meanwhile Peachey sold his property in the borough to Sir William Peere Williams, who in his turn also tried to increase his holding. At the general election of 1761, the two proprietors seem to have been unsure which would prove to have a majority, and both the Prime Minister and opposition leaders were drawn into the negotiations before a compromise could be reached to avoid a contest. However, when Williams was killed during the capture of Belle Île later the same year, his burgages seem to have been bought by Montagu, who thereafter had a clear field. In 1832 there were still said to be 148 burgage tenements, but only 41 qualified electors, of whom no more than 20 voted. Midhurst was now an undisputed pocket borough: its elections consisted, as Trevelyan related of 1768, in a legal fiction:,
> *Viscount Montagu \... when an election was in prospect, assigned a few of \[the burgage tenements\] to his servants, with instructions to nominate the members and then make back the property to their employer.*
In fact, by 1761, Montagu\'s political affairs were being directed by his son, Anthony Browne, who put the borough\'s seats at the disposal of his parliamentary leader, Lord Holland -- Holland used one of them to bring his son, Charles James Fox, into Parliament even though underage. But Holland died before the 1774 election, and Browne (by now the 7th Viscount Montagu) being short of money sold the nomination for both seats to the Treasury in return for a government pension.
After the 7th Viscount\'s death in 1787, the Montagu property in the borough was sold to the Earl of Egremont for £40,000. The earl used the seat to return two of his younger brothers, Percy and Charles William to the Commons, with Charles only serving one parliament for Midhurst. Egremont in turn sold it to Lord Carrington, who used it more often than not to provide a parliamentary seat for one of his many brothers or nephews.
In 1831, the population of the borough was 1,478, and the first draft of the Reform Bill proposed to abolish it altogether. But after argument the government recognised that it was possible to make a more respectably-sized constituency by expanding the boundaries to bring in the whole of the town and some neighbouring parishes, and Midhurst was reprieved. The expanded borough consisted of the whole of nine parishes and part of ten others, and had a population of 5,627. Nevertheless, Midhurst was permitted to keep only one of its two seats. Under the reformed franchise, its electorate at the election of 1832 was 252; but this was not sufficient to lead to more competitive elections, since the MP was returned unopposed at every election between 1832 and 1868.
Midhurst was eventually abolished as a separate constituency in the boundary changes of 1885, the town being included from that date in the North Western (or Horsham) county division.
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| 0 |
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# Midhurst (UK Parliament constituency)
## Members of Parliament {#members_of_parliament}
### 1311--1640
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| Parliament | First member | Second member |
+============+===========================+===================================+
| 1386 | Henry Exton | Thomas Smith |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1388 (Feb) | Richard Hobekyn | Robert Hynkele |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1388 (Sep) | William Baggele | John Sarceller |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1390 (Jan) | Richard Hobekyn | John Mory |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1390 (Nov) | | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1391 | | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1393 | Thomas Clerk | John G(renettour?) |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1394 | | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1395 | John Grenettour | Robert atte Rode |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1397 (Jan) | William atte Barre | John Grenettour |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1397 (Sep) | William Baggele | Thomas Sarceller |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1399 | Michael Baggele | John Rombald |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1401 | Gregory Fuller | Robert Pechard |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1402 | Robert Cooper | John Ive II |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1404 (Jan) | John Symkyn | Thomas Westlond |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1404 (Oct) | | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1406 | William Brereton | John Stapleton I |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1407 | Thomas Lucas | John Puckepole |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1410 | | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1411 | | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1413 (Feb) | | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1413 (May) | John Vincent | Thomas Walsh |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1414 (Apr) | | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1414 (Nov) | John Walsh | John Rombald |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1415 | John Ive II | John Sewall |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1416 (Mar) | John Mousehole | John Sewall |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1416 (Oct) | | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1417 | William Chyngford | Gregory Tanner |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1419 | Walter Lucas | Thomas Russell |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1420 | Michael Maunser | Gregory Pedlyng |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1421 (May) | William Brereton | William Chyngford |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1421 (Dec) | William Brereton | Simon Lopeshurst |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1425 | John Sewall | ? Westlond |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1426 | Walter Lucas | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1510--1523 | *No names known* | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1529 | George Gifford | John Bassett |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1536 | ? | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1539 | ? | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1542 | Nicholas Dering | John Bourne |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1545 | ? | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1547 | Edmund Ford | William Wightman |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1553 (Mar) | John Fitzwilliam | William Denton |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1553 (Oct) | Sir Thomas Lovell | William Denton |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1554 (Apr) | Michael Wentworth | William Denton |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1554 (Nov) | Thomas Harvey | William Denton |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1555 | William Denton | Henry Heighes |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1558 | Thomas Harvey | William Denton |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1558--9 | William Denton | Henry Heighes |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1562--3 | Edward Banester | William Denton, *died\ |
| | | and replaced 1566 by* John Fenner |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1571 | Thomas Bowyer | Richard Porter |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1572 | Thomas Holcroft | Thomas Bowyer |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1584 | Edward More | Thomas Churcher |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1586 | Thomas Lewknor | Thomas Churcher |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1588--9 | Samuel Foxe | Thomas Churcher |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1593 | John Boys | Thomas Churcher |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1597 | Lewis Lewknor | James Smyth |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1601 | Richard Browne | Michael Haydon |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1604--1611 | Francis Neville | Sir Richard Weston |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1614 | Thomas Bowyer | William Courteman |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1621--1622 | John Smith | Richard Lewknor |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1624 | Sir Anthony Manie | Richard Lewknor |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1625 | Richard Lewknor | Samuel Owfield |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1626 | Richard Lewknor | Sir Henry Spiller |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1628 | Christopher Lewknor | Edward Savage |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
| 1629--1640 | *No Parliaments summoned* | |
+------------+---------------------------+-----------------------------------+
### 1640--1832 {#section_1}
Year First member First party Second member Second party
---------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- ----------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------------------ --------------
April 1640 Robert Long Thomas May
November 1640 Dr Chaworth Thomas May Royalist
February 1641 William Cawley Parliamentarian
November 1642 *May disabled from sitting -- seat vacant*
1645 Sir Gregory Norton
1653 *Midhurst was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate*
January 1659 William Yalden Benjamin Weston
May 1659 William Cawley *One seat vacant*
April 1660 William Willoughby John Steward
March 1661 John Lewknor Adam Browne
May 1661 John Steward
January 1670 Baptist May
February 1679 William Morley John Alford
October 1679 John Lewknor
1681 William Montagu John Cooke
1685 William Morley John Lewknor
1701 Lawrence Alcock
1705 Robert Orme
1709 Thomas Meredyth
1710 Robert Orme
1711 John Pratt
1713 William Woodward Knight
1715 John Fortescue Aland
1717 Alan Brodrick
1721 Sir Richard Mill, Bt
1722 Bulstrode Knight
1729 Sir Richard Mill, Bt
1734 (Sir) Thomas Bootle
1736 Sir Henry Peachey, Bt
1738 Sir John Peachey, Bt
1744 Sir John Peachey, Bt
1754 John Sargent
1761 William Hamilton John Burgoyne
1765 Bamber Gascoyne
1768 Lord Stavordale Hon. Charles James Fox Whig
October 1774 Herbert Mackworth Clement Tudway
December 1774 Hon. Henry Seymour-Conway John Ord
September 1780 Hon. John St John Hon. Henry Drummond
November 1780 Sir Sampson Gideon
April 1784 Benjamin Lethieullier
June 1784 Edward Cotsford
1790 Hon. Percy Wyndham Hon. Charles Wyndham
1795 Peter Thellusson
1796 Sylvester Douglas Charles Long
1800 George Smith
July 1802 Samuel Smith
1802 Edmund Turnor
1806 John Smith Tory William Wickham Tory
January 1807 Henry Williams-Wynn William Plunket
May 1807 Samuel Smith James Abercromby Whig
July 1807 Thomas Thompson
October 1812 George Smith
December 1812 Viscount Mahon
1817 Sir Oswald Mosley
1818 Samuel Smith John Smith Whig
1820 Abel Smith Tory
1830 John Abel Smith Whig George Smith Whig
1831 George Robert Smith Whig Martin Tucker Smith Whig
1832 *Representation reduced to one member*
### 1832--1885 {#section_2}
Year Member Party
---------------- -------------------------- ------------------------- --------------
1832 Hon. Frederick Spencer Whig
1835 William Stephen Poyntz Whig
1837 Hon. Frederick Spencer Whig
1841 Sir Horace Seymour Conservative
1846 Spencer Horatio Walpole Conservative
1856 Samuel Warren Conservative
March 1859 John Hardy Conservative
April 1859 William Townley Mitford Conservative
February 1874 Charles Perceval Conservative
September 1874 Sir Henry Holland Conservative
1885 *Constituency abolished*
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# Midhurst (UK Parliament constituency)
## Election results {#election_results}
### Elections in the 1830s {#elections_in_the_1830s}
Poyntz resigned, causing a by-election.
### Elections in the 1840s {#elections_in_the_1840s}
Seymour resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds in order to contest a by-election at Antrim, causing a by-election.
### Elections in the 1850s {#elections_in_the_1850s}
Walpole was appointed Home Secretary, requiring a by-election.
Walpole resigned, causing a by-election.
Warren resigned after being appointed a Master in Lunacy, requiring a by-election.
### Elections in the 1860s {#elections_in_the_1860s}
### Elections in the 1870s {#elections_in_the_1870s}
Perceval succeeded to the peerage, becoming Earl of Egmont, and causing a by-election
| 105 |
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| 2 |
10,127,615 |
# Sympathique
***Sympathique*** is the first studio album from American band Pink Martini. It was released on November 11, 1997 by Pink Martini\'s own record label, Heinz Records. As of 2013 it has sold over one million copies worldwide.
Their first single, Sympathique, was released in 1997 and was nominated as \"Song of the Year\" at the \"Victoires de la Musique Awards\" in France. The album is certified Platinum in France and Greece, and Gold in Canada, Switzerland, and Turkey.
## 20th Anniversary Edition {#th_anniversary_edition}
In 2018, *Sympathique: 20th Anniversary Edition* was released by Heinz Records and its global licensees. Pink Martini\'s arrangement of Maurice Ravel\'s \"Bolero\" had been on the original release of \"Sympathique\" (track 9), but was removed from the album in subsequent reissues due to a legal dispute with the Ravel estate. With the work now in the public domain, the song was added back to the album for the 20th Anniversary Edition.
There are some name changes for the 20th Anniversary Edition. \"Sympathique\" (track 3) was renamed \"Sympathique (Je ne veux pas travailler)\". \"Never on Sunday\" was renamed \"Children of the Piraeus\". \"Brazil\" was renamed \"Brasil\".
## Track listing {#track_listing}
- Some pressings of the album include \"Donde Estas, Yolanda?\" as performed by China Forbes instead of Pepe Raphael.
- \"Bolero\" is only available on the first pressing and the 20th Anniversary Edition.
- There are some name changes for the 20th Anniversary Edition. \"Sympathique\" (track 3) was renamed \"Sympathique (Je ne veux pas travailler)\". \"Never on Sunday\" was renamed \"Children of the Piraeus\". \"Brazil\" was renamed \"Brasil\".
## Lyrics
The first and second lines of the first verse and the first line of the chorus (″Je ne veux pas travailler″) of the song *Sympathique* are taken from Guillaume Apollinaire\'s poem ″Hôtel″ from *Le guetteur mélancolique*. The French composer Francis Poulenc used that poem as part of the lyrics for his 1940 composition *Banalités*, FP 107
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# Troy-class boats
**Troy class boats** are a class of sailing boats unique to Fowey in Cornwall and are raced competitively.
## History
In the winter of 1928/29, the first boat was built by Archie Watty, for Sir Charles Hanson (a former Lord Mayor of London).
The name comes from *Troy town* which is the fictional name given to Fowey by the writer and scholar Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch in many of his books.
Since 1929, a total of 29 boats have been built. Seven new boats have been built in the last ten years, five of them by Marcus Lewis, boatbuilder in Fowey.
The Troy class has been dominated over the years`{{when|date=August 2018}}`{=mediawiki} by Alan Toms, so wins by other competitors have been well received by the Fowey sailing community
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# Mel Triplett
**Melvin Christopher Triplett** (December 24, 1930 -- July 25, 2002) was an American football fullback. He played eight years in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants (1955--1960) and Minnesota Vikings (1961--1962). He played college football for the Toledo Rockets from 1951 to 1954.
## Early years {#early_years}
Triplett was born in 1930 at Indianola, Mississippi. He moved with his family to Ohio and played football at Girard High School in Girard, Ohio. He was inducted into the Girard Hall of Fame in 1997.
Triplett enrolled at the University of Toledo. He led the 1954 Toledo Rockets football team to a 6--2--1 record, rushing for 803 yards. He was inducted into the University of Toledo Athletic Hall of Fame in 1983.
## Professional football {#professional_football}
Triplett was selected by the New York Giants in the fifth round, 56th overall pick, of the 1955 NFL draft. He played at the fullback position for the Giants from 1955 to 1960. He scored the opening touchdown against the Chicago Bears in the 1956 NFL Championship Game, won by the Giants 47--7. He was named New York\'s outstanding offensive player in the game. In 1960, he ranked ninth in the NFL with 573 rushing yards.
On July 1, 1961, Triplett was traded by the Giants to the Minnesota Vikings as part of a seven-player deal. He played for the Vikings in 1961 and 1962.
In seven NFL seasons, Triplett totaled 2,857 yards and 14 touchdowns.
Triplett\'s younger brother Bill Triplett played 11 years in the NFL.
Among the fans of Mel Triplett during his days on the New York Giants was a young basketball player in New York named Lew Alcindor, later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Abdul-Jabbar says in his 1983 memoir *Giant Steps* that it was largely Triplett\'s wearing of uniform No. 33 that made Abdul-Jabbar adopt No. 33 as well, a number he made famous.
## Later years {#later_years}
Triplett became diabetic and spent the last few months of his life at a Toledo nursing home. He died in 2002 at age 71 in Toledo, Ohio
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# Irvin Khoza
**Irvin Khoza** OIS (born 27 January 1948) is a South African football administrator and businessman. Nicknamed \"Iron Duke / \"MadalaGufets\", he is the Chairman of Orlando Pirates Football Club, Chairman of the South African Premier Soccer League and by virtue of this, Vice-President of the South African Football Association. His relationship with Orlando Pirates started in 1980, when he became its secretary and owner in 1991. As the Chairman of the Premier Soccer League, he was instrumental in securing the current sponsors of the league, DStv. He was also the Chairman of the 2010 FIFA World Cup Organising Committee South Africa, after serving as the Chairman of South Africa\'s 2010 FIFA World Cup bid.
Khoza was part of the team who secured the right to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa and later became the chairman of the South African Organising Committee. At the announcement of South Africa\'s success, Khoza said that \"This is the people of the world voting for Africa\'s renewal.\"
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Irvin Khoza was married to two wives: the late Yvonne Mantwa Kgotleng-Khoza who died on 17 January 2020. They have three children, two sons and daughter Sonono Khoza who has a child with former South African president, Jacob Zuma.
The other wife is the late Matina Khoza who died on 23 July 2020. They have four children, two sons and two daughters: Sonono, the late Zodwa, Nkosana and Mpumi
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# 2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase
**2-Hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase** is a peroxisomal enzyme involved in the catabolism of phytanoic acid by α-oxidation. It requires thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) as cofactor.
It is classified under EC number 4.1
| 32 |
2-hydroxyphytanoyl-CoA lyase
| 0 |
10,127,678 |
# John Kilkenny
**John Francis Kilkenny** (October 26, 1901 -- February 17, 1995) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and previously was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon.
## Early life {#early_life}
Kilkenny\'s father and uncle immigrated to Morrow County, Oregon, from County Leitrim in Ireland in the 1890s. They worked for the railroads until they had saved enough money to buy land. John Kilkenny was born in Heppner, Oregon on October 26, 1901. He was raised on a sheep farm and attended the one-room Alpine School before being sent to Portland, Oregon, where he attended the private boys\' boarding school Columbia Preparatory.
After graduation, Kilkenny went on to the Notre Dame Law School, graduating in 1925 with *cum laude* honors earning a Bachelor of Laws. At Notre Dame, Kilkenny tried out for the football team, then coached by Knute Rockne, but a knee injury kept him from playing. He helped manage one of the teams and was assigned by Rockne the task of acquiring four horses for the Four Horsemen photograph in 1924 due to his experience growing up on a ranch.
## Legal career {#legal_career}
Upon graduation he became a practicing attorney in Pendleton Oregon, until his appointment to the federal bench in 1959. In 1931 he married Virginia Brannock in Pendleton and had two children. While in private practice he served as president of the Oregon State Bar from 1943 to 1944. He then was a trustee from 1956 to 1958 of the Oregon State Library and the University of Portland.
## Federal judicial service {#federal_judicial_service}
Kilkenny was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on February 19, 1959, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Oregon vacated by Judge Claude C. McColloch. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on July 28, 1959, and received his commission on July 30, 1959. Upon appointment to the federal district court, Kilkenny became Oregon\'s first Roman Catholic federal judge since Oregon had become a state in 1859. His service terminated on September 26, 1969, due to his elevation to the Ninth Circuit.
Kilkenny was nominated by President Richard Nixon on May 12, 1969, to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, to a new seat authorized by 82 Stat. 184. He was confirmed by the Senate on September 12, 1969, and received his commission on September 16, 1969. He assumed senior status on November 1, 1971. His service terminated on February 17, 1995, due to his death.
## Later life {#later_life}
In 1984, the federal courthouse in Pendleton, Oregon was renamed in his honor and is now the John F. Kilkenny U.S. Post Office and Courthouse. While on the bench, Kilkenny worked to preserve Portland, Oregon\'s Pioneer Courthouse, receiving an award for this work in 1974 from the American Association for State and Local History.
Kilkenny was a student of Irish American history, and wrote *Shamrocks and Shepherds: The Irish of Morrow County* (1981), about the history of Irish settlement in Eastern Oregon. In the same year, he received an award of merit from the Oregon State Bar. He donated funds to both Blue Mountain Community College and his alma mater, Notre Dame Law School.
Kilkenny died in Beaverton, Oregon, at the age of 93 on February 17, 1995. He is buried at Olney Cemetery in Pendleton.
## Further information {#further_information}
- Kilkenny, John F. \"Oral History with John F. Kilkenny.\" Interview conducted on June 12 and October 3, 1984, by Rick Harmon. U.S. District Court of Oregon Collection, Oregon Historical Society, Portland, Oregon, 1984. Audiotape, 15 hours, 10 minutes.
Category:1901 births Category:1995 deaths Category:People from Pendleton, Oregon Category:Notre Dame Law School alumni Category:University of Portland people Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Oregon Category:United States district court judges appointed by Dwight D
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# Bridport (UK Parliament constituency)
**Bridport** was a parliamentary borough in Dorset, England, which elected two Members of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons from 1295 until 1868, and then one member from 1868 until 1885, when the borough was abolished.
## History
Bridport was continuously represented in Parliament from the first. The medieval borough consisted of the parish of Bridport, a small port and market town, where the main economic interests were sailcloth and rope-making, as well as some fishing. (For some time in the 16th century, the town had a monopoly of making all cordage for the navy.) By 1831, the population of the borough was 4,242, and the town contained 678 houses.
The right to vote was at one period reserved to the town corporation (consisting of two bailiffs and 13 \"capital burgesses\"), but from 1628 it was exercised by all inhabitant householders paying scot and lot. This was a relatively liberal franchise for the period but nevertheless meant that only a fraction of the townsmen could vote: in 1806, the general election at which Bridport had the highest turnout in the last few years before the Reform Act, a total of 260 residents voted.
Bridport never reached the status of a pocket borough with an openly recognised \"patron\": the voters retained their freedom of choice and generally expected to extort a price for their votes, so much so that Oldfield recorded of one election in the early 19th century that *\"several candidates left them at the last election, in consequence of their demanding payment beforehand\"*. Nevertheless, at various periods the borough came under the influence of local grandees and would usually return at least one of their nominees as MPs: the Russells (Dukes of Bedford) in the Elizabethan period and the Sturts in the latter half of the 18th century could normally rely on choosing one member. In 1572 the then Earl of Bedford made use of this influence to have his oldest son elected in defiance of the convention that the heirs of peers could not be members of the House of Commons; the only previous instance had been that of the Earl himself, who had remained an MP when he became heir to the Earldom in 1555. By vote of the House, the young Lord Russell was allowed to keep his seat for Bridport, and the precedent allowed other peers\' heirs to sit from that point onwards.
Bridport retained both its seats under the Reform Act, the boundaries being extended to give it the requisite population - parts of the neighbouring parishes of Bradpole, Allington and Walditch, as well as Bridport Harbour, were brought in, increasing the population to about 6,000; in the election of 1832, the first after Reform, the registered electorate was 425. However, the constituency was too small to survive for long. One of its members was removed after the election of 1868 by the Second Reform Act; and the borough was abolished altogether in 1885, the town being incorporated into the Western Dorset county division.
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# Bridport (UK Parliament constituency)
## Members of Parliament {#members_of_parliament}
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MPs 1295-1640 --- MPs 1640-1868 --- MPs 1868-1885 --- Elections --- References --- Sources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
### MPs 1295--1640 {#mps_12951640}
- *Constituency created* (1295)
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament | First member | Second member |
+====================================+=======================+=========================================+
| 1386 | John Hayward | John Tracy |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1388 (Feb.) | John Hayward | John Tracy |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1388 (Sep) | John Tracy | William Cordell |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1390 (Jan) | John Tracy | John Hayward |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1390 (Nov) | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1391 | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1393 | John Tracy | John Hayward |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1394 | John Tracy | Gilbert Draper |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1395 | John Roger | John Hayward |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1397 (Jan) | John Palmer | John Crouk |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1397 (Sep) | John Hayward | John Crouk |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1399 | John Hayward | John Tracy |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1401 | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1402 | Simon atte Ford | Nicholas Tracy |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1404 (Jan) | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1404 (Oct) | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1406 | Henry Rauf | Roger Stikelane |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1407 | Henry Rauf | Walter Batcok |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1410 | Thomas Lovell | John Roger I |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1411 | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1413 (Feb) | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1413 (May) | William Mountfort II | John Roger I |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1414 (Apr) | Simon atte Ford | John Stampe |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1414 (Nov) | Simon atte Ford | Andrew Forshey |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1415 | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1416 (Mar) | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1416 (Oct) | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1417 | Simon atte Ford | Edward Stikelane |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1419 | Walter Tracy | William Mountfort II |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1420 | Simon atte Ford | John Stampe |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1421 (May) | Simon atte Ford | John Hore |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1421 (Dec) | Simon atte Ford | William Pernham |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1422 | Simon atte Ford | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1423 | Simon atte Ford | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1425 | Simon atte Ford | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1426 | John Hore | Simon atte Ford |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1437 | John Hore | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1529 | William Chard | Richard Furloke |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1545 | John Lympany | Richard Watkins |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| 1547 | Sir Henry Gates | William Grimston |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| First Parliament of 1553 | ? | ? |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Second Parliament of 1553 | Christopher Smith | William Pole |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1554 | Robert Neyl | Edward Prout |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1554-1555 | John Alferd | John Moyne or Moon |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1555 | Robert Fowkes | Thomas Chard |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1558 | John Hippisley | Thomas Welshe |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1559 | William Page | Robert Moon |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1563-1567 | John Hastings | Richard Inkpenne |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1571 | Thomas Parry | George Trenchard |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1572-1581 | Miles Sandys | Lord Russell *(Summoned to the Lords)*\ |
| | | *1581:* Hugh Vaughan |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1584-1585 | Dr Peter Turner | Morgan Moon |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1586-1587 | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1588-1589 | George Pawlet | Gregory Sprint |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1593 | Christopher Lambert | John Fortescue |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1597-1598 | Leweston Fitzjames | Adrian Gilbert |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1601 | Sir Robert Napier | Richard Warburton |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1604-1611 | Robert Meller | John Pitt |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Addled Parliament (1614) | Sir William Bampfield | John Jeffrey |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1621-1622 | John Strode | John Browne |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Happy Parliament (1624-1625) | William Muschamp | Robert Browne |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Useless Parliament (1625) | Sir Lewis Dyve | Sir John Strode |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1625-1626 | | Sir Richard Strode |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| Parliament of 1628-1629 | Thomas Pawlet | Bampfield Chafin |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| *No Parliament summoned 1629-1640* | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
| | | |
+------------------------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------------------------+
`{{font color|#4cbb17|'''Back to Members of Parliament'''}}`{=mediawiki}
### MPs 1640--1868 {#mps_16401868}
Year First member First party Second member Second party
---------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- -----------------
April 1640 Thomas Trenchard Sir John Meller
November 1640 Roger Hill Parliamentarian Giles Strangways Royalist
January 1644 *Strangways disabled from sitting - seat vacant*
1645 Thomas Ceeley
December 1648 *Ceeley excluded in Pride\'s Purge - seat vacant*
1653 *Bridport was unrepresented in the Barebones Parliament and the First and Second Parliaments of the Protectorate*
January 1659 Edward Cheek John Lee
May 1659 Roger Hill *One seat vacant*
April 1660 John Drake Henry Henley
1661 Humphrey Bishop John Strangways
February 1677 George Bowerman
February 1677 Wadham Strangways
February 1679 John Every
August 1679 Sir Robert Henley, Bt William Bragge
1681 John Michell
1685 Hugh Hodges Thomas Chafe
1689 Richard Brodrepp John Manley
1690 John Michell Sir Stephen Evance
1695 Nicholas Carey
1697 Peter Battiscombe
1698 Alexander Pitfield
1701 William Gulston
1702 Richard Bingham
1705 Thomas Strangways
1708 William Coventry
1713 John Hoskins Gifford
February 1715 John Strangways
May 1715 Peter Walter
1719 Sir Dewey Bulkeley
1727 William Bowles James Pelham
1730 John Jewkes
1734 Solomon Ashley
1741 George Richards
1742 Viscount Deerhurst Tory
1744 Viscount Deerhurst Tory
1746 Thomas Grenville
May 1747 James Grenville
July 1747 John Frederick Pinney
1754 Thomas Coventry
1761 Sir Gerard Napier, 6th Baronet
1765 Benjamin Way
1768 Sambrooke Freeman
1774 Hon. Lucius Cary
1780 Thomas Scott Whig Richard Beckford
1784 Charles Sturt Whig{{cite book
1790 James Watson Whig
1795 George Barclay Whig
1802 Sir Evan Nepean, Bt Tory
1807 Sir Samuel Hood, Bt Tory
1812 William Best Whig Sir Horace St Paul, Bt Tory
1817 Henry Sturt Tory
March 1820 James Scott Whig Christopher Spurrier Whig
June 1820 Sir Horace St Paul, Bt Tory
1826 Henry Warburton Radical
1832 John Romilly Whig
1835 Horace Twiss Conservative
1837 Swynfen Jervis Radical
June 1841 Thomas Alexander Mitchell Radical
September 1841 by-election Alexander Baillie-Cochrane Conservative
1846 by-election John Romilly Whig
1847 Alexander Baillie-Cochrane Conservative
1852 John Patrick Murrough Radical
1857 Kirkman Hodgson Whig
1859 Liberal Liberal
1868 *Representation reduced to one member*
`{{font color|#4cbb17|'''Back to Members of Parliament'''}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Bridport (UK Parliament constituency)
## Members of Parliament {#members_of_parliament}
### MPs 1868--1885 {#mps_18681885}
Year Member Party
------------------ -------------------------- --------------------------- --------------
1868 Thomas Alexander Mitchell Liberal
1875 by-election Pandeli Ralli Liberal
1880 Charles Warton Conservative
1885 *Constituency abolished*
`{{font color|#4cbb17|'''Back to Members of Parliament'''}}`{=mediawiki}
## Elections
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1830s -- 1840s -- 1850s -- 1860s -- 1870s -- 1880s -- References -- Sources
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
### Elections in the 1830s {#elections_in_the_1830s}
### Elections in the 1840s {#elections_in_the_1840s}
Warburton resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds, causing a by-election.
Baillie-Cochrane resigned by accepting the office of Steward of the Chiltern Hundreds in order to seek re-election as a supporter of free trade.
After scrutiny, Baillie-Cochrane\'s election was declared void and Romilly was declared elected on 28 April 1846.
Martin withdrew his name early into polling.
`{{font color|#4cbb17|'''Back to Elections'''}}`{=mediawiki}
### Elections in the 1850s {#elections_in_the_1850s}
`{{font color|#4cbb17|'''Back to Elections'''}}`{=mediawiki}
### Elections in the 1860s {#elections_in_the_1860s}
The seat was reduced to one member.
`{{font color|#4cbb17|'''Back to Elections'''}}`{=mediawiki}
### Elections in the 1870s {#elections_in_the_1870s}
Mitchell\'s death caused a by-election
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# Open prison
An **open prison** or **open jail** is any jail in which the prisoners are trusted to complete sentences with minimal supervision and perimeter security and are often not locked up in their prison cells. Prisoners may be permitted to take up employment while serving their sentence. This provides an opportunity for criminals to reintegrate into society and withdraw from criminal behavior. Without the constraints and stresses of typical incarcerations, criminals can discover more positive lifestyles through support and light supervision from the criminal justice system. Open prisons provide the opportunity for prisoners to improve their mental health and opportunities for employment. Some scholars have pointed out that new forms of "pains of imprisonment" can arise within open prisons, due to the stresses of "liberty under constraint."
## United Kingdom {#united_kingdom}
In the UK, open prisons are often part of a rehabilitation plan for prisoners moved from closed prisons. They may be designated \"training prisons\" and are only for prisoners considered a low risk to the public.
## Indonesia
In Indonesia, open prisons have been used to substitute immigrant detention centers and closed prison incarceration. This change has been helpful in creating a humane environment for immigrants that is less confining than incarceration and detention centers. These open prisons tend to do a better job at providing basic needs and creating better conditions than detention centers. The assistance of the International Organization of Migration contributed to Indonesia\'s government efforts to create alternative systems to detention. In 2018, refugees and asylum seekers no longer housed in immigration detention centers, and open prisons became one of trial substitutes for immigrants. Entry into open prisons may be dependent upon agreements to follow Indonesia law, consistently report to local authorities, and adhere to discretionary rules while being in the country.
The idea of an open prison is often criticized by members of the public and politicians, despite its success towards rehabilitation compared to older, more draconian methods. Prisoners in open jails do not have complete freedom and are only allowed to leave the premises for specific purposes, such as going to an outside job. In Ireland, there has been controversy about the level of escape from open prisons, attributed to their use by the Irish Prison Service not just to transfer prisoners suitable for open conditions, but also to reduce overcrowding in closed prisons. The idea of open prisons is to rehabilitate prisoners rather than to punish them.
## Examples of open prisons {#examples_of_open_prisons}
### India
- Nettukaltheri Open Prison & Correctional Home, Thiruvananthapuram
- Cheemeni Open Prison & Correctional Home, Kasaragod
- Poojapura Women Open Prison & Correctional Home, Thiruvananthapuram
- Yerwada Open Jail, in Yerwada, Pune, Maharashtra
- Tihar Open Jail, in Delhi
- Sampurnanand Open Jail, in Sitarganj, Uttarakhand
### Ireland
- Loughan House, Blacklion, County Cavan, Ireland
- Shelton Abbey Prison, Arklow, County Wicklow, Ireland
### Philippines
- Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm
### United Kingdom {#united_kingdom_1}
;England (men\'s)
- HM Prison Ford, Ford, West Sussex
- HM Prison Leyhill, South Gloucestershire
- HM Prison Hatfield, South Yorkshire
- HM Prison Haverigg, Cumbria
- HM Prison Thorn Cross, Cheshire
- HM Prison Hollesley Bay, Suffolk
- HM Prison Kirkham, Lancashire
- HM Prison Kirklevington Grange, North Yorkshire
- HM Prison North Sea Camp, Lincolnshire
- HM Prison Spring Hill, Buckinghamshire
- HM Prison Standford Hill, Kent
- HM Prison Sudbury, Derbyshire
;England (women\'s)
- HM Prison Askham Grange, York
- HM Prison East Sutton Park, Kent
;Wales
- HM Prison Prescoed, Monmouthshire
;Scotland
- HM Prison Castle Huntly, Longforgan, Perth and Kinross
## Offener Vollzug in Germany {#offener_vollzug_in_germany}
In Germany the \"Offener Vollzug\" is part of the rehabilitation process for about 16% of prisoners.
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| 0 |
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# Open prison
## In fiction {#in_fiction}
Trumble, a fictional open prison in Florida, is the major setting for John Grisham\'s novel *The Brethren*
| 24 |
Open prison
| 1 |
10,127,761 |
# Pomponio Amidano
**Giulio Cesare Amidano** (c. 1560s -- c. 1630) was an Italian painter of the late-Renaissance style. He was also known as **Pomponio Amidano**, in part because he is either confused with or was a pupil of Pomponio Allegri; others claim he was a pupil of Francesco Mazzola (Parmigianino). Much of his biography is poorly documented. He is said to have been born in Parma and to have died there from the plague
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| 0 |
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# John Jordan (poet)
**John Jordan** (8 April 1930 -- 6 June 1988) was an Irish poet and short-story writer.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Born in the Rotunda Maternity Hospital, Dublin on 8 April 1930, Jordan was educated at Synge Street CBS, University College, Dublin (U.C.D.) and Pembroke College, Oxford. In his teens, he acted on the stage of the Gate Theatre, Dublin, before winning a Scholarship in English and French to Oxford University from U.C.D.
## Career
In the mid-1950s he returned to U.C.D. as a lecturer in English and taught there until the end of the 1960s. He also lectured on sabbatical leave at the Memorial University in Newfoundland and briefly at Princeton University in the US. A founding member of Aosdána. He was a celebrated literary critic from the late 1950s until his death in June 1988 in Cardiff, Wales, where he had been participating in the Merriman Summer School.
## Publications
He was a short-story writer, a poet and a broadcaster. In 1962 he re-founded and edited the literary magazine *Poetry Ireland* (hoping \"in the humblest of ways, to contribute towards the recreation of Dublin as a literary centre\"). In this journal, he introduced a number of poets who were to become quite famous later, including Paul Durcan, Michael Hartnett and Seamus Heaney. This series of *Poetry Ireland* lasted until 1968--69. In 1981 he became the first editor of the new magazine published by the Poetry Ireland Society, called *Poetry Ireland Review*. Reviewer of novels for *The Irish Times*; wrote a column for *Hibernia*; contributed to *Envoy* and *The Irish Press*, among others; TV presenter and arts interviewer. Defended Gaelic literature and translated Pádraic Ó Conaire. Edited *The Pleasures of Gaelic Literature* (Mercier Press, 1977), and his translation of one of Aogán Ó Rathaille\'s essays was published in The *Pleasures of Gaelic Poetry* (London: Allen Lane, 1982). Championed the later plays of Seán O\'Casey.
His *Collected Poems* (Dedalus Press) and *Collected Stories* (Poolbeg Press) were edited by his literary executor, Hugh McFadden, and published in Dublin in 1991. His Selected Prose, *Crystal Clear*, also edited by McFadden, was published by Lilliput Press in Dublin in 2006. Jordan\'s *Selected Poems*, edited with an Introduction by Hugh McFadden, was published in February 2008 by Dedalus Press. Uncollected stories appeared in *Penguin Book of Irish Short Stories*, *Cyphers*, and the *Irish Press*, among other places. His literary papers & letters are now held in the National Library of Ireland.
## Portrait
In 1953 the young Irish artist Reginald Gray was commissioned by University College Dublin to design the decor and costumes for their production of \"The Kings Threshold\" by W.B. Yeats. The leading role was given to John Jordan. During the preparations for the production, Gray started a portrait of Jordan, which he never finished. This work now hangs in The Dublin Writers Museum, Ireland
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# Barrier isolator
**Barrier isolator** is a general term that includes two types of devices: isolators and restricted access barriers (RABS). Both are devices that provide a physical and aerodynamic (air overpressure) barrier between the external clean room environment and a work process. The isolator design is the more dependable of the two barrier design choices, as it prevents contamination hazards by achieving a more comprehensive separation of the processing environment from the surrounding facility. Nonetheless, both Isolator and RABS designs are contemporary approaches developed over the last 35 years and a great advancement over designs of the 1950s-70s that were far more prone to microbial contamination problems.
Barrier and Isolator designs are used throughout the industries, from sterile injectable drug filling to cytotoxic sterile drug compounding to electronics manufacturing to orange juice filling. Pharmaceutical industry and pharmacy compounding isolators are used for maintaining sterility of a drug, and that is the focus of this article. This type of strict design and control is important when producing sterile medicines because consumers receiving injections, surgical irrigation fluid, or other \"parenterally\"-administered drugs are often highly vulnerable to infection. As a result, contaminated drugs have caused grave (e.g., permanent injury, death) consequences for the consumer. The sterility of other dosage forms, such as ophthalmic, is similarly important, as blindness or partial loss of vision has occurred due to intrinsically contaminated eye medications.
**Isolators** are routinely found within the pharmaceutical industry and are widely used in Europe (and increasingly in the US) for pharmacy aseptic compounding applications. See also Asepsis. They are designed to provide continuous and complete isolation of the inside of the isolator from the external room environment (including its operators). Only installed gloves or robotic arms are used to manipulate the product. This ensures that the environment is maintained as contamination-free to safeguard patients who will later be administered the drug. Isolators operate as positive-pressure devices, and use full wall separation and substantial overpressure to both physically and aerodynamically separate the interior from the external room environment. The more complete technical definition is as follows:
An isolator is a decontaminated unit, supplied with Class 100 (ISO 5) or higher air quality, that provides uncompromised, continuous isolation of its interior from the external environment (e.g., surrounding cleanroom air and personnel). There are two major types of isolators:
1. Closed Isolator operation\
\"Closed isolator\" systems exclude external contamination from the isolator\'s interior by accomplishing material transfer via aseptic connection to auxiliary equipment, rather than use of openings to the surrounding environment. Closed systems remain sealed throughout operations.
2. Open Isolator\
\"Open Isolator\" systems are designed to allow for the continuous or semi-continuous ingress and/or egress of materials during operations through one or more openings. Openings are engineered (i.e., using continuous overpressure) to exclude external contamination from entering the isolator chamber.
While the positive pressure isolator is most common, \"negative\" pressure devices also exist for very large industrial operations that handle toxic products. The \"negative pressure isolator,\" and has become less common and desirable, but is superior to the traditional biosafety cabinet which is vulnerable to contamination and can expose the worker to toxicological hazards if not operated properly.
A simpler and more effective option for nearly all toxicological containment applications is the use of \"closed isolator\" design, which is maintained under positive pressure (this is the most appropriate containment option unless a company processes thousands of units per minute).
If a negative isolator is used, its intricate design must fulfill two objectives: protect workers outside of the isolator, and assure sterility of sterile drugs inside the isolator. As such, the term \"negative pressure\" isolator is somewhat of a misnomer, as contaminated (\"polluted\") room air must not be pulled into the main workstation isolator in a sterile operation. Thus, the actual workstation isolator is always maintained under substantial positive pressure. The \"negative\" pressure isolator does however include a separate buffer zone (an extra isolator compartment) that is designed to exhaust both incoming room air and outgoing positive pressure air from the main workstation. The main workstation isolator, in which the sterile product is exposed, is therefore protected from contaminated air as the toxic product should be exhausted via the buffer zone before it reaches operators working outside of the isolation.
In addition to Isolators, there are also extensive barriers that provide sub-isolation protection, but have a very good track record of reducing hazards to sterile drugs during processing when they are designed and operated properly. This extensive barrier is known as a **restricted access barrier system**, or **RABS**. A barrier cabinet using RABS design and control, is below the isolator in its ability to assure sterility assurance and containment, but far better than the traditional laminar air flow hood or \"open process\" designs that are progressively being phased-out by the industries. In particular, a RABS that operates only in closed-door mode after the equipment setup and sporadic disinfection is performed, is commonly used now and provides substantial risk mitigation. These \"closed RABS\" require all processing interventions to be done using gauntlet gloves attached to the RABS walls. RABS doors are only opened at the start of an operation to perform equipment setup, and must be locked thereafter until the conclusion of operations.
In contrast, other RABS designs allow for rare door openings in specified circumstances. Because this \"open RABS\" allows for a door to be opened to the surrounding cleanroom (albeit into a fully HEPA-filtered perimeter around the RABS structure) during aseptic operations, the design allows for higher contamination hazard than a RABS that is kept closed. If doors are opened to the \"open RABS\" on anything other than an exceptional basis, it may not represents an improvement over traditional aseptic processes. Therefore, \"open RABS\" must be operated properly to realize sterility assurance gains.
Some historical background regarding isolators and RABS is also important to understand how sterile product proaction has evolved. In the mid-1980s, after the industry had already begun to employ isolators, RABS units became an alternative to separating people from the process. While isolator usage continued to expand, RABS also became popular in the 1990s. The acronym RABS was coined by Stewart Davenport of Upjohn (now Pfizer). (See ISPE publications for a definition of RABS.) Since that time, the technology and applications of these systems has developed and broadened significantly. It is now very unusual for a sterile drug operation to be run without either an Isolator or RABS protective design.
There are also other devices, which can offer some helpful separation. These devices are known as **Gloveboxes**. Gloveboxes do not offer the separative control provisions of an isolator or RABS. Gloveboxes were originally designed for non-sterile product applications, such as weighing or manipulating a toxic drug and have a long track record for such non-sterile applications. Such gloveboxes can be very effective in preventing exposure of an operator to a toxic drug. In limited cases, they can also be used to protect a sterile product, when supplied with ISO 5 unidirectional air. However, in some notable cases, gloveboxes used for aseptic processing have provided no more sterile product protection than the traditional laminar air flow hood (LAF) design of the 1960s. In these cases, the glove boxes were problematic due to inappropriate design or controls (e.g., insufficient disinfection, transfer of contaminated materials, ingress of lower quality air into glovebox, poor design/integrity, poor transfers). However, if gloveboxes are very meticulously designed, thoroughly disinfected (e.g., using sporocides) and carefully operated by well-trained aseptic processing personnel to prevent introduction of microbial contamination, it is possible to obtain some degree of increased sterile product protection versus the simple traditional LAF hood
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# Rebekah Higgs
**Rebekah Higgs** (born May 19, 1982) is a Canadian indie rock singer-songwriter and television personality from Halifax, Nova Scotia.
In 2017, Higgs founded Matriarch productions, which produces the Canadian television show *DIY MOM*. She is the designer and star of the show, which showcases renovation and decor ideas on a single-mom budget.
## Career
Higgs released the EP *Road to Eden* in 2005. She followed up in September 2006 with her self-titled full-length debut album, recorded in Toronto with producer Thomas Payne of the Canadian band Joydrop. The album was written and performed entirely by Higgs and Payne, and is a fusion of shoegaze, folk and pop.
In 2007, Higgs re-released her album on Outside Music and was nominated for the 2008 East Coast Music Awards, for best female solo recording and best new artist. In 2010 her music video for the song \"Parables\" received an ECMA nomination for Best Video.
She toured Canada frequently from 2006 to 2012 with guitarist Jason Vautour, bassist Sean MacGillivray, and keyboardist Colin Crowell. All four musicians also performed in the dance pop group Ruby Jean and the Thoughtful Bees. They released an electronic dance album in 2009, touring the UK and Canada opening for Dragonette, and performing at Pride Toronto in 2010 on the same bill as Cyndi Lauper.
In 2011, Higgs released her second studio album, *Odd Fellowship*, on Hidden Pony Records. It was produced by Modest Mouse producer Brian Deck.
Higgs\' daughter, Lennon, was born in 2013, and appeared on the cover of Higgs\' final release, the 2013 EP *Sha La La*. After becoming a single mother, she moved home to Halifax, and changed careers to work in film and television. Her love for home décor and inspiring others led her to share her passion on camera under the name *DIY MOM*.
In 2014, Higgs started sharing decor and design tips as DIY MOM on YouTube. This became a TV show on Bell Fibe in 2017. She completed five seasons of the show with the network, one Christmas special and two backyard specials.
She is the owner of Matriarch Productions and produces her own content about renovating and designing as a single mom.
She frequently posts and creates new content for her Instagram page. Her home designs have been photographed and featured in *Chatelaine*, *Forbes*, *HGTV Magazine*, *Style at Home*, *East Coast Living*, and *The Coast*
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# Hang On Little Tomato
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# Chuck Nelson
**Charles LaVerne Nelson** (born February 23, 1960) is an American former professional football player who was a placekicker for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Nelson played college football for the Washington Huskies, earning unanimous All-American honors in 1982. He played in the NFL with the Los Angeles Rams, Buffalo Bills, and Minnesota Vikings. Following his playing career, Nelson worked in investment management and broadcasting in the Seattle area. He did local cable telecasts and was the color commentator on radio for Husky football games for 17 years, through the 2009 season. Nelson was the director of the Boeing Classic golf tournament on the Champions Tour for its first five years, and was named president and CEO of the Washington Athletic Club in January 2012.
Born in Seattle, Washington, Nelson grew up in Everett and graduated from Everett High School in 1978. He then attended the University of Washington, where he played for the football team from 1979 to 1982. As a senior in 1982, he was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American. He was selected in the fourth round of the 1983 NFL draft by the Los Angeles Rams, the 87th overall pick.
Nelson was inducted into the UW Husky Hall of Fame in 1998
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# Nicanor Zabaleta
**Nicanor Zabaleta** (January 7, 1907 -- April 1, 1993) was a Spanish harpist.
Zabaleta was born in San Sebastián, Spain, on January 7, 1907. In 1914 his father, an amateur musician, bought him a harp in an antique shop. He soon began taking lessons from Vincenta Tormo de Calvo (Madrid Conservatory faculty) and Luisa Menarguez. In 1925 he began studies in Paris, where his teachers were Marcel Tournier and Jacqueline Borot. In 1926, in Paris, he made his own official concert debut. Then he travelled to the U.S. and there, on July 5, 1934, he made his North America debut in New York City. At a concert in Puerto Rico in 1950 he met Graziela and they were married in 1952. They relocated to Spain and Zabaleta began touring Europe. During the years of 1959--1962 he led a harp class on Accademia Musicale Chigiana courses in Siena.
He performed mainly music of the 18th century, and also ancient and modern music. People who composed for him include Alberto Ginastera, Darius Milhaud, Germaine Tailleferre, Xavier Montsalvatge, Heitor Villa-Lobos, Walter Piston, Ernst Krenek, Joaquín Rodrigo. Josef Tal\'s Concerto for Harp and Electronics was commissioned by Zabaleta in 1971, and premiered by him in Munich the same year. It is estimated that Zabaleta sold nearly three million records.
He was awarded the Premio Nacional de Música of Spain in 1982 and six years later, in 1988, he was elected to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.
Zabaleta\'s final concert on June 16, 1992, in Madrid was given when his health was already declining. He died on April 1, 1993, in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
## Recordings
- Harfe (Harp). Ravel, Debussy, Handel, Albrechtsberger. Paul Kuentz Chamber Orchestra. DGG LP 139 304. 1967.
- Johann Sebastian Bach. Partita #2 in D minor BWV 1004, Suite #3 in B minor BWV 814, Partie A major BWV 832. Deutsche Grammophon 12\" vinyl: 2530 333. 1973
- Handel, Bach, Mozart, Dittersdorf, Krumpholtz, Wagenseil, Boieldieu: various harp works, Deutsche Grammophon CD 413 684-2
- Camille Saint-Saëns: Morceau de concert G-dur op. 154. \... Germaine Tailliferre: Concertino pour Harpe et Orchestre\.... Alberto Ginastera: Concierto para harpa y Orquestra. Nicanor Zabaleta & Jean Martinon. DEUTSCHE GRAMMOPHON 2530 008. LP
- Ravel. Introduction & Allegro (with Berlin RSO cond. Fricsay). Deutsche Grammophon 10\" vinyl: DG 17135
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# Andrée Marlière
**Andrée Marlière** (born **Andrée Isabelle Germaine Marlier**, Antwerp 22 February 1934 -- Wilrijk, St-Augustinus hospital 10 January 2008) is a Belgian ballet dancer and painter.
## Ballet education {#ballet_education}
She started her ballet education at the age of eight with Monique Querida, danseuse étoile at the Monnaie Theatre in Brussels, and with Mina Del Fa, soliste at the Scala of Milan. Perfection courses were followed with Victor Gsovsky and Madame Rousanne (Rousanne Sarkissian) in Paris. From 1948 to 1950 she took classes at the Sadler\'s Wells Ballet School in London with John Field and Ninette de Valois.
## Ballet career {#ballet_career}
At the age of 12 she performed with André Leclair at the Gala Querida in the Palais des Beaux Arts in Brussels. In 1950 she performed in Florence with the Maggio Musicale Florentino. From 1950 to 1951 she was part of the corps de ballet of the Théatre de la Monnaie and from 1951 to 1957 she was soliste at the Koninklijke Vlaamse Opera in Antwerp.
In 1957 she left for Berlin. This was the beginning of her international career which led her to:
> - the Berliner Ballet (first dancer, 1957--1958),
> - the Jean Babilée company (first soliste, 1958--1959),
> - the Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas (soliste, 1959),
> - The Ballet de la Monnaie and the Ballet du XXième Siecle (first soliste, 1959--1964)
> - and the ballet group of the Deutsche Oper am Rhein in Düsseldorf (danseuse étoile, 1964--1966).
With these companies she did several international tours. In 1966 she returned to Antwerp to the Royal Flemish Opera Ballet (danseuse étoile, 1966--1970). To conclude her performing dancing career she was active for one season as danseuse étoile for the Ballet van Vlaanderen (1970--1971).
She did several television appearances.
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# Andrée Marlière
## Performances
Andrée Marlière performed in the following ballets during her international career: Ballet -- Choreographer -- Composer
### Royal Flemish Opera (1951--1957) {#royal_flemish_opera_19511957}
- *Namouna* (Suite en Blanc) -- Jacques Milliand -- Édouard Lalo
- *Chout* -- Jacques Milliand -- Sergei Prokofiev
- *De duivel in het dorp* -- Jacques Milliand -- Fran Lotka
- *Vlaamse dansen* -- Jeanne Brabants -- Jan Blockx
- *Judith* -- Jacques Milliand -- Renier van der Velden
- *Serenade* -- Jacques Milliand -- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- *De Vuurvogel* -- Jacques Milliand -- Igor Stravinsky
and in several operas: Gounod\'s *Faust*, Bizet\'s *Carmen*, Borodin\'s *Prince Igor*
### Berliner Ballet (1957--1959) {#berliner_ballet_19571959}
- *Hamlet* -- Tatjana Gsovsky -- Boris Blacher
- *Kapittel IV* -- Tatjana Gsovsky -- Peter Sandhoff
- *Orpheo* -- Tatjana Gsovsky -- Franz Liszt
- *Variaciones Sinfonicas* -- Tatjana Gsovsky -- Robert Schumann
- *Joan de Zarissa* -- Tatjana Gsovsky -- Werner Egk
- *Rigoletto* -- Sana Dolsky -- Verdi & Liszt
- *Kleiner Sketch* -- Pépé Urbani -- Darius Milhaud
- *La dame aux camélias* (replacing Yvette Chauviré) -- Tatjana Gsovsky -- Henry Sauget
### Ballet Jean Babilée (1958--1959) {#ballet_jean_babilée_19581959}
- La boucle -- Jean Babilée -- Georges Delerue
- L\'oiseau Bleu -- Marius Petipa -- Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
- *Printemps* -- Ives Brieux -- Alexander Glazunov
- *Namouna* (Suite en blanc) -- Serge Lifar -- Édouard Lalo
- *Balance à trois* -- Jean Babilée -- Jean-Michel Damase
- *Balletino* -- Dick Sanders -- Jacques Ibert
### Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas {#grand_ballet_du_marquis_de_cuevas}
The classical repertoire
### Ballet of the 20th Century (1959--1964) {#ballet_of_the_20th_century_19591964}
- *Tales of Hoffmann* -- Maurice Béjart -- Jacques Offenbach
- *Jeux de cartes* -- Janine Charrat -- Igor Stravinsky
- *Pulcinella* -- Maurice Béjart -- Igor Stravinsky
- *Les 4 fils Aymon* -- Maurice Béjart -- Ancient music
- *Haut voltage* -- Maurice Béjart -- Jean-Michel Damase
- *Concerto* -- Janine Charrat -- Sergei Prokofiev
- *Orphée* -- Maurice Béjart -- Pierre Henry
- *Divertimento* -- Maurice Béjart -- Percussion arrangement
- *Bartok Suite* -- Milko Sparemblek -- Bela Bartok
- *Demonstration* -- Assaf Messerer -- Classmusic
- *La Péri* -- Jean-Jacques Etchevery -- Paul Dukas
- *Such a sweet Thunder* -- Maurice Béjart -- Duke Ellington
### Deutsche Oper am Rhein (1964--1966) {#deutsche_oper_am_rhein_19641966}
De Vuurvogel -- Erich Walter -- Igor Stravinsky\
Bach Suite -- Erich Walter -- J-S. Bach\
Petroushka -- Erich Walter -- Igor Stravinsky
### Royal Flemish Opera (1966--1970) {#royal_flemish_opera_19661970}
- *Cinderella* -- André Leclair -- Sergei Prokofiev
- *De twee duiven* -- André Leclair -- André Messager
- *Ode* -- André Leclair -- Igor Stravinsky
- *Pierlala* -- Jeanne Brabants -- Daniël Sternefeld
- *Pelleas en Melisande* -- André Leclair -- Arnold Schönberg
- *Concerto di Aranjuez* -- André Leclair -- Joaquin Rodrigo
- *Orfeus* -- André Leclair -- C. W. Gluck
- *Hamlet* -- André Leclair -- Boris Blacher
- *Effecten* -- André Leclair -- François Glorieux
- *De fantastische jacht* -- André Leclair -- Raymond Baervoets
- *La Peri* -- André Leclair -- Paul Dukas
- *Op zoek naar \...* -- André Leclair -- Louis de Meester
### Royal Ballet of Flanders (1971) {#royal_ballet_of_flanders_1971}
- *Love Scene* -- Maurice Béjart -- Hector Berlioz
## Instructor
After her dancing career she continued as instructor specialised in rebuilding and rehearsing choreographies: (Cage of God, Pas de Six, Opus een, Ain Dor, Allegro Brillante, Kaleidoscoop, After Eden, Brandenburg drie, Cantus Firmus, Dialogue, Peter and the Wolf, Carmina Burana, Sylvia, The three musketeers, \...)
In 1964 she was hired as Classical Repertoire teacher in the Ballet School of the city of Antwerp. 1970 starts her career with the Ballet of Flandres (Koninklijk Ballet van Vlaanderen) where she becomes first \'Maitresse de ballet\' and is part of management.
At the Badisches Staatstheater of Karlsruhe (Germany) she is \'Maitresse de ballet\' from 1984 to 1989. From 1989 on she is repertoire teacher at the Antwerp Ballet school.
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# Andrée Marlière
## Coaching
As a coach Andrée Marlière has had the opportunity to be requested by several choreographers to rebuild and rehearse their ballets with different ballet companies. She studied every dancer\'s part in the ballet and saw to it that they would be instructed how to perform according to the choreographers expectations. Her expertise in this matter offered her the opportunity to work with multiple ballet companies.
She has rebuilt and rehearsed the following ballets:
Cage of God -- J. Carter -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
Pas de Six -- Bournonville -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
Opus een -- Kranko -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
Ain Dor -- Effrati -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
Allegro Brillante -- Balanchine -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
Kaleidoscoop -- John Butler -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
After Eden -- John Butler -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
Brandenburger drie -- Tscharny -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
Cantus Firmus -- Jeanne Brabants -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
Dialogue -- Jeanne Brabants -- Royal Ballet of Flanders\
Peter and the Wolf -- Germinal Casado -- Badische Staatsoper Karlsruhe\
Carmina Burana -- Germinal Casado -- Badische Staatsoper Karlsruhe\
Sylvia -- Germinal Casado -- Lodz, Poland\
The three musketeers -- Germinal Casado -- Toulouse, France\
Songe d\'une nuit d\'été -- Germinal Casado -- Athens, Greece\
Whimsicalities -- Nils Christe -- Conservatoire de la danse, Paris\
Cantus -- Jeanne Brabants -- Antwerp Ballet School\
Salvé Antwerpia -- Jeanne Brabants -- Antwerp Ballet School\
Bal des Cadets -- after Fokine -- Antwerp Ballet School\
Paquita after -- Marius Petipa -- Antwerp Ballet School
## Choreographies
Twee harten in driekwartsmaat -- Jef Maes -- 1967 -- Koninklijke Vlaamse Opera\
Nacht in Venetië -- Johann Strauss -- 1968 -- Koninklijke Vlaamse Opera\
Etudes -- Robert Stolz -- 1970 -- Koninklijke Vlaamse Opera\
Auftrag -- Schostakovitz -- 1985 -- Badische Staatsoper Karlsruhe\
Fanfare -- 1992 -- Antwerp Ballet School\
Dances Roumaines -- Romanian Folk music -- 1994 -- Antwerp Ballet School\
Oiseau de Feu -- Stravinsky -- 2000 -- Antwerp Ballet School
## Today
In her last years, she retired from the active ballet world and devoted her time to her second passion, paintings
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# Nobel Prize Museum
The **Nobel Prize Museum** (formerly the **Nobel Museum** \[*Nobelprismuseet*\]) is located in the former Stock Exchange Building (*Börshuset*) on the north side of the square Stortorget in Gamla Stan, the old town in central Stockholm, Sweden. (The Swedish Academy and the Nobel Library are also in the same building.) The Nobel Prize Museum showcases information about the Nobel Prize and Nobel laureates, as well as information about the founder of the prize, Alfred Nobel (1833--1896). The museum\'s permanent display includes many artifacts donated by Nobel Laureates, presented together with personal life stories.
## History
The Nobel Museum opened in the spring of 2001 for the 100th anniversary of the Nobel Prize. Its name was changed to Nobel Prize Museum in 2019, in conjunction with Erika Lanner becoming the museum\'s new director.
According to the manifesto of the museum, the intentions are to be a "reflecting and forward-looking and spirited memory of Nobel laureates and their achievements, as well as of the Nobel Prize and Alfred Nobel." To achieve these aims, the museum offers exhibitions, films, theatre plays, and debates related to science; in addition to its bistro and shop. Museum exhibitions feature prominent Nobel laureates such as Marie Curie, Nelson Mandela, and Winston Churchill.
The museum frequently offers creative exhibitions such as "Sketches of science", a photo exhibition with 42 Nobel laureates photographed with their own sketch of their Nobel discovery. This exhibition has also been shown in other parts of the world as well, including Dubai and Singapore.
For visitors who want to bring a piece of the museum home, a souvenir shop is available that contains items about Alfred Nobel and the museum. One of the most popular items is Alfred Nobel\'s gold medal made in dark fair trade chocolate. Another one is the Swedish "dynamite" candy that is flavored with jalapeño pepper. During 2011, the souvenir shop collaborated with the artist Artan Mansouri who made paintings that symbolized Nobel\'s life. Besides that, the shop offers a lot of educational toys for children, books by and about Nobel Prize laureates, and also unique items only found in the Nobel Museum shop.
There is also Bistro Nobel featuring Nobel chocolate, Swedish cakes, and also lunch and dinner. At the bistro, Nobel ice cream is served as well; this ice cream can only be found in the Nobel Bistro. The Nobel tea is usually served every year at the Nobel banquet. The under side of chairs in the bistro have been signed by Nobel laureates
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# Pennsylvania Route 252
**Pennsylvania Route 252** (**PA 252**) is a north--south state highway in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania that connects PA 320 in Nether Providence Township at its southern terminus to PA 23 in Valley Forge at its northern terminus. The route runs through the western suburbs of Philadelphia in Delaware, Chester, and Montgomery counties, including Nether Providence Township, the borough of Media, Upper Providence Township, Marple Township, Newtown Township, Easttown Township, Tredyffrin Township, and Upper Merion Township. The route intersects many roads including U.S. Route 1 (US 1) north of Media, PA 3 in Newtown Square, US 30 in Paoli, and US 202 in Tredyffrin Township.
The southernmost part of PA 252 was originally built as part of the Providence Road in 1684. PA 252 was designated by 1928 to run from PA 320 north of Chester north to US 122/PA 52 (now US 202) in King of Prussia. By 1960, the northern terminus was moved to PA 23 in King of Prussia. PA 252 was realigned to head to its current northern terminus at Valley Forge by 1970, running along a concurrency with US 202 (removed by 1980) for a distance north of Paoli and replacing a part of PA 363 (formerly PA 83) in the Valley Forge area.
## Route description {#route_description}
### Delaware County {#delaware_county}
PA 252 begins at an intersection with PA 320 north of the city of Chester in Nether Providence Township, Delaware County, heading north-northwest on two-lane undivided Providence Road. The road passes through wooded suburban residential neighborhoods, running to the west of Springhaven Country Club. The route heads into the community of Wallingford, where it passes to the east of Strath Haven High School and comes to a bridge over SEPTA\'s Media/Wawa Line west of Wallingford station. PA 252 continues north and enters the borough of Media, where it heads into commercial areas and intersects Baltimore Avenue. A block further north, the route intersects State Street at the point SEPTA\'s light rail Media--Sharon Hill Line crosses the road at-grade west of the Providence Road station. The road continues through residential areas in the eastern part of Media. PA 252 leaves Media for Upper Providence Township and continues past homes with some businesses. The route widens to a four-lane divided highway as it comes to an interchange with the US 1 freeway bypass of Media. Past this interchange, PA 252 becomes a four-lane undivided road with two northbound and southbound lanes, passing to the west of Rose Tree Park.
The route splits from Providence Road by curving north onto two-lane Palmers Mill Road, running through wooded residential areas. The road crosses Crum Creek on the dam that forms Springton Reservoir to the west, at which point it enters Marple Township. Past the reservoir, Palmers Mill Road turns to the east and PA 252 continues north on Newtown Street Road, running past more homes. The road passes to the west of the Marple Campus of Delaware County Community College before it heads into Newtown Township between the Media Line Road and Gradyville Road intersections. The route continues north through wooded suburban development. PA 252 turns northwest and heads through commercial areas as it comes to an intersection with PA 3 in the community of Newtown Square. Past this intersection, the road widens into a four-lane divided highway and passes more businesses before heading between a business campus to the west and residential areas to the east. The route curves north before heading northwest past housing developments. PA 252 passes to the southwest of Aronimink Golf Club before coming to an interchange with St. Davids Road and Newtown Street Road in the community of Wyola. Here, the name of the route changes to Darby Paoli Road and it narrows into a two-lane undivided road as it passes between wooded residential neighborhoods to the northeast and the Episcopal Academy to the southwest.
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# Pennsylvania Route 252
## Route description {#route_description}
### Chester and Montgomery counties {#chester_and_montgomery_counties}
At the intersection with White Horse Road, PA 252 enters Easttown Township in Chester County and continues northwest through wooded areas of homes. The road passes to the east of Waynesborough Country Club before it comes to an intersection with Darby Road/Sugartown Road. At this intersection, the name of the route becomes Leopard Road and it passes more wooded development, crossing into Tredyffrin Township. PA 252 curves north and becomes a four-lane road, heading into commercial areas and coming to an intersection with US 30 (Lancaster Avenue) in the community of Paoli. Past this intersection, the road becomes Bear Hill Road and immediately passes under Amtrak\'s Keystone Corridor railroad line, briefly gaining a median as it passes under the railroad tracks. The route runs past homes and narrows back to two lanes before heading into forested areas. PA 252 widens back into a four-lane divided highway and comes to a bridge over Norfolk Southern\'s Dale Secondary railroad line, curving northeast. The road passes southeast of a residential neighborhood before it comes to an intersection with Swedesford Road/Howellville Road.
At this point, the name of the route becomes Swedesford Road and it heads past business parks as a four-lane undivided road. The lanes of PA 252 split as it passes over the Chester Valley Trail and comes to a partial interchange with the US 202 freeway to the north, with access between northbound PA 252 and northbound US 202 and southbound US 202 and southbound PA 252. Following this, the route heads east-northeast as a two-lane undivided road, passing between the US 202 freeway to the north and businesses to the south. PA 252 curves east and turns northwest onto Valley Forge Road, immediately reaching an interchange with US 202. The route continues through suburban neighborhoods in Chesterbrook before coming to a bridge over the Pennsylvania Turnpike (Interstate 76, I-76). At this point, the road enters Valley Forge National Historical Park. PA 252 passes through fields within the park, turning west onto Valley Creek Road at the Baptist Road intersection. Upon intersecting Yellow Springs Road just east of the Knox Covered Bridge over the Valley Creek, the route turns north and enters Upper Merion Township in Montgomery County, winding north through forested areas along the east bank of the creek. PA 252 comes to its northern terminus at an intersection with PA 23 west of the community of Valley Forge.
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# Pennsylvania Route 252
## History
In 1683, the Court of Chester County (which then included present-day Delaware County) approved the construction of \"Providence Great Road\", which included the route of present-day PA 252 from the southern terminus to north of Media. The road was built to provide access to Chester from the north. The Providence Road was said to have been completed in 1684. When Pennsylvania first legislated routes in 1911, what would become PA 252 was designated as Legislative Route 144, running between Media and King of Prussia. At this time, the entire route was unpaved. PA 252 was designated by 1928 to run from PA 320 north of Chester north to US 122/PA 52 (now US 202) in King of Prussia, following its current alignment north to Wyola, where it turned northeast and intersected US 30 in Wayne before continuing north to King of Prussia. Between Wyola and King of Prussia, PA 252 followed what is now unnumbered portions of St. Davids Road, Brooke Road, Wayne Avenue, Radnor Road, Croton Road, and King of Prussia Road. At this time, the entire route was paved. By 1928, the current alignment of PA 252 was an unnumbered road between Wyola and Paoli, a part of US 122 between Paoli and Valley Forge Road, and a part of PA 83 north of there. The northern terminus of PA 252 was moved to PA 23 (Gulph Road) along Croton Road in King of Prussia by 1960 after the original alignment to US 202 along King of Prussia Road was severed by the construction of I-80S/PA 43 (now I-76). By 1970, PA 252 was realigned to its current northern terminus at PA 23 near Valley Forge along its current alignment, running concurrent with US 202 between Paoli and the southern interchange with the US 202 freeway and replacing the PA 363 designation (which replaced PA 83 in 1961) along Valley Forge Road and Valley Creek Road. Also by this time, the route was widened into a divided highway between Newtown Square and Wyola. By 1980, the US 202 concurrency was removed from PA 252. Since 1980, PA 252 has undergone extensive improvement, particularly in and around the interchange with US 1. In 2013, PA 252 was widened to a four-lane highway between US 1 and Palmers Mill Road to improve traffic flow and increase traffic safety.
| 394 |
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# Pennsylvania Route 252
## Major intersections {#major_intersections}
## PA 252 Alternate Truck {#pa_252_alternate_truck}
**Pennsylvania Route 252 Alternate Truck** is a truck route around a weight-restricted bridge over the Crum Creek at the Springton Reservoir in Marple Township, on which trucks over 34 tons and combination loads over 40 tons are prohibited. The truck route follows Providence Road and PA 3 between Upper Providence Township and Newtown Square. It was signed in 2013
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# Helena, Texas
**Helena** is a ghost town in Texas, approximately 70 mi southeast of San Antonio in Karnes County. The seat of Karnes County from 1854 to 1894, Helena was once known as the self-proclaimed \"toughest town on earth\" in the mid-19th century. It was named for the second wife of Dr. Lewis S. Owings, Helen M. Owings `{{née}}`{=mediawiki} Swisher.
The town was the birthplace of the so-called \"Helena Duel\", in which the left hands of two opponents are tied together with buckskin and each fighter is given a knife with a three-inch blade -- too short to reach a vital organ or cause a single fatal stab. After the combatants are whirled around a few times, they slash away at each other until one bleeds to death from the accumulation of cuts and stabs. Crowds of spectators would view this gory, gruesome spectacle and place bets on the outcome.
Helena is a ghost town allegedly because of the vendetta that Colonel William G. Butler (1831--1912), a powerful rancher, had against the town he blamed for the death of his son, Emmett Butler, who had been killed by a stray bullet from a saloon brawl on December 26, 1884. A few days later, Colonel Butler went to Helena with group of cowhands and demanded to know who had shot his son and found that none of the townspeople was willing to tell the truth. Enraged, Colonel Butler reportedly shouted: \"All right! For that I\'ll kill the town that killed my son!\" Following through on his threat, Butler, a veteran of the American Civil War, arranged for the tracks of the San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway to be built 7 mi away from Helena. Then, in a bitterly contested election in 1894 the county seat was moved from Helena to Karnes City. Helena quickly died
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Helena, Texas
| 0 |
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# Ottavio Amigoni
**Ottavio Amigoni** (16 October 1606 -- 28 October 1661) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Brescia. He was trained by Antonio Gandini. Among his masterpieces is a large fresco about the life of Sant\'Alberto (c. 1640) in the Carmelite church of Brescia, painted with Gandino\'s son, Bernardino.
## Biography
The date of birth of the Amigoni, that had been open to discussion in artistic literature for a long period and fell anywhere between 1605 and 1665, was finally fixed with certainty only in 2006 after careful research in the parish archives of the church di Sant\'Agata. It was discovered that he was born on 16 October 1606.
He initially worked as a chemist at his father\'s workshop but, before 1632, for unknown reasons he had already traveled to Genoa and Bologna, getting from the first city the teaching of Bernardo Strozzi and from the second the method used by Bartolomeo Cesi, these motives were noticeable in his first famous work, *San Rocco and Nicola da Tolentino invoke the Virgin to spare Sergnana from the plague in the presence of the saints Bartolomeo, Faustino and Giovita* that is preserved in the church of San Rocco in Provezze. The altarpiece is dated 1632 and can be attributed to a first experiment, performed on the basis of the works seen during the two journeys just completed, works belonging to the worlds that were very different from the environment in Brescia.
Closer to the \"local\" style appears his second known work, *Madonna with Child between Saints Charles and Francis* for the church of Saint Giorgio in Cellatica, signed and dated 1633. In the painting the influences of Genoa and Bologna were much more attenuated to give way to the lessons of Pietro da Marone, Paolo Veronese and Moretto. The following year, he painted a fresco of the two great monochromes of *Saint Gregorio Magno* and *Saint\'Onorio* on the counter-façade of the church of Saints Faustino and Giovita in Brescia, where the shift towards more characteristic features of the Brescia area can be found.
The activity of Amigoni in the second half of the 1630s, which would thus attest the evolution of his reunion with local art, remains obscure today due to the loss of some works that were fundamental in this sense.
In the early 1640s, still for unknown reasons, he traveled to Switzerland and left the altarpiece of the *Perdon d\'Assisi* in the church of San Francesco in Ruis, in the Surselva District, signed and dated 1642. It is therefore his first work, which has reached a certain attribution after the two frescoes of 1633. This work was also the beginning of the most prolific period of the painter, which lasted twenty years until his death. During this period he already matured in a personal style oriented more towards baroque features than mannerism of the Gandino.
Chiesa di Santa Agata Annunciazione Brescia.jpg\|Annunciation by Ottavio Amigoni in the *Sant\'Agata* church in Brescia. Santa Maria dei Miracoli Immacolata Cristo e Maddalena Brescia.jpg\|The Immaculate by Ottavio Amigoni and *Noli me tangere* by Giuseppe Fali in the *Santa Maria dei Miracoli* church in Brescia.
In 1642 he signed *the Madonna with Child and the saints Eufemia and Francesco* in the parish church of Vello, thus testifying his return to Brescia, and again in the same year he executed the frescoes on the semi-dome of the apse and the central vault of the church of San Giorgio.
The style of Amigoni, now turned to a true experimentation with contemporary baroque lines, does not stop in the second half of the 40s. We can still find it in the church of Santa Maria dei Miracoli in Brescia with the paintings of 1648 of *the Immaculate Conception* and *Presentation in the Temple of Mary* (the first half-destroyed and the second completely destroyed in 1944 during a bombing), then again in Chiari, Paitone and Zone. Here he performs for the parish church *a Madonna with Child, St. George, St. Rocco and a devotee*, another masterpiece, where his experiments reached a certain stability, allowing the artist to return to the lessons learned at the beginning of his training and enrich them with the new, well-established baroque style.
In the 1650s he turned to light tones, while the traits are becoming increasingly important: this aspect is clearly visible, for example in San Gregorio Magno in the sanctuary of the Madonna della Misericordia in Bovegno, dated 1650. A masterpiece of early 50s is *the Madonna with Child* and *Saint Bernard Abbot* for the church of San Bernardo in Marone, with almost silver tones on twisted figures. For two years (1655-1656) Amigoni returns to painting frescos with the internal frieze of the church of Santa Maria della Carità in Brescia, executed together with Agostino Avanzo and now lost, and with the decoration of the Villa Togni salon in Gussago, created in collaboration with the young Pompeo Ghitti.
After this date, however, the artist\'s tracks are becoming increasingly rare. In 1660 he reappeared with a shovel in the parish church of Gorzone depicting the *Saints Ambrogio* and *Antonio da Padova*.
Ottavio Amigoni died on 28 October 1661 in his hometown and was buried in the church of San Giuseppe
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# Cheti Chand
\| observances = Sindhi New Year\'s Day, *mela* (fairs), social feast, processions, dancing \| relatedto = Ugadi, Gudi Padwa \| date2022 = April 2 }} `{{Hinduism}}`{=mediawiki} **Chetri Chandra** (*چيتي چند*, Moon of Chaitra) is a festival that marks the beginning of the Lunar Hindu New Year for Sindhi Hindus. The date of the festival is based on the lunar cycle of the lunisolar Hindu calendar, falling on the first day of the year, in the Sindhi month of *Chet* (Chaitra). It typically falls in late March or early April in the Gregorian calendar on or about the same day as Gudi Padwa in Maharashtra, Ugadi in other parts of the Deccan region and Hindu Samvat Nav Varsha or beginning on New Year in Hindu Samvat Calendar of India.
## Overview
The festival marks the arrival of spring and harvest, but in the Sindhi community, it also marks the birth of Uderolal in 1007, after they prayed to the Hindu god Varun Dev on the banks of River Indus to save them from the persecution by the tyrannical Muslim ruler Mirkhshah. Varun Dev morphed into a warrior and old man who preached and reprimanded Mirkhshah that Muslims and Hindus deserve the same religious freedoms. He, as Jhulelal, became the champion of the people in Sindh, from both religions. Among his Sufi Muslim followers, Jhulelal is known as \"Khwaja Khizir\" or \"Zindapir\". The Hindu Sindhi, according to this legend, celebrate the new year as Uderolal\'s birthday.
The tradition likely started with Daryapanthis. During the British colonial rule era, major annual fairs (*melas*) used to be held in Uderolal and Zindapir (near Hyderabad, Pakistan). In contemporary times, the Sindhi community celebrates the festival of Cheti Chand with major fairs, feast parties, processions with *jhankis* (glimpse stage) of Jhulelal (an avatar of \[Varun dev\], similar to Vithoba), other Hindu deities, and social dancing.
On this day, many Sindhis take Baharana Sahib, a representation of Jhulelal, to a nearby river or lake. Baharana Sahib consists of jyot (oil lamp), misiri (crystal sugar), fota (cardamom), fal (fruits), and akha. Behind is kalash (water jar) and a nariyal (coconut) in it, covered with cloth, phool (flowers) and patta (leaves). There is also a Murti (statue) of Pujya Jhulelal Devta. Cheti Chand is a major festival of Sindhi Hindus in India and Pakistan, and also celebrated by the Hindu Sindhi diaspora around the world.
## Months (lunar) {#months_lunar}
Month no
| 405 |
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| 0 |
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# J. B. Jennings
**Jonathan Bartlett Jennings** (born March 27, 1974) is an American politician and farmer who has served as a member of the Maryland Senate representing the seventh district since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he previously represented the district in the Maryland House of Delegates from 2003 to 2011, and served as the minority leader of the Senate from 2014 to 2020.
## Early life, education, and career {#early_life_education_and_career}
Jonathan Bartlett Jennings was born in Baltimore on March 27, 1974. He grew up in Phoenix, Maryland, and graduated from Dulaney High School, and later attended Essex Community College, where he earned an associate degree in 1995, and the University of Baltimore, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in business administration in 1997.
Jennings worked as a full-time Black Angus cattle farmer from 1992 to 2008, becoming a part-time beef and horse farmer after joining the Maryland Air National Guard. As an Airman 1st Class, he was activated for military service at Robins Air Force Base in Georgia during his first term as a state senator in 2011, causing him to miss the entire session. Jennings also co-owns the Mill of Hereford, an animal feed store, owns his own consulting company, and serves as a volunteer firefighter for the Jacksonville Volunteer Fire Company.
Jennings first became involved in politics as a staff assistant to U.S. Representative Bob Ehrlich from 1997 to 1998.
## In the legislature {#in_the_legislature}
Jennings ran for the Maryland House of Delegates in 2002, on a platform that included issues involving school crowding and over-development. He was sworn in on January 8, 2003. He served as a member of the Environmental Matters Committee and as a deputy minority whip from 2003 to 2006, afterwards serving in the Ways and Means Committee from 2007 to 2009 and the Judiciary Committee from 2009 to 2011.
In October 2009, after state senator Andy Harris announced that he would run for Congress in Maryland\'s 1st congressional district in 2010, Jennings entered the race to succeed him. In the Republican primary election, he faced former Maryland Insurance Commissioner Alfred W. Redmer Jr., whom he defeated with 61 percent of the vote.
Jennings was sworn into the Maryland Senate on January 12, 2011. He served as a member of the Health and Environmental Affairs Committee from 2011 to 2015, afterwards serving in the Finance Committee until 2023, when he was assigned to the Budget and Taxation Committee. In November 2014, after Senate minority leader David R. Brinkley was defeated in the Republican primary election, Senate Republicans voted to elect Jennings as the next minority leader. In this capacity, he pushed for legislation introduced by Governor Larry Hogan, which were generally business-friendly and against tax increases. Jennings served in this position until October 2020, when he opted against running for reelection.
During the annual Maryland Association of Counties conference in Ocean City, Jennings hosts an annual \"gathering in the sand\" at the Ropewalk restaurant. The bipartisan gathering has become one of the most popular events during the annual conference.
Jennings was a delegate to the 2016 Republican National Convention, pledged to businessman Donald Trump. In an interview with *The Baltimore Sun* following Maryland\'s presidential primaries, he said that he was neutral in the presidential election and held concerns about Trump and his communication style, but said he would support him as the party\'s nominee.
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# J. B. Jennings
## Political positions {#political_positions}
### Agriculture
During the 2009 legislative session, Jennings introduced legislation to allow farmers to sell raw milk to consumers who buy a \"cow share\".
### Crime
During the 2020 legislative session, Jennings voted against overriding Governor Larry Hogan\'s veto of a bill that prevented businesses from asking job applicants about their criminal history before the first in-person interview. He also introduced a bill that would allow the governor to declare a state of emergency in Baltimore amid its high crime rates.
### Education
During the 2013 legislative session, Jennings was one of five Republicans to vote for a bill to provide \$1 billion toward renovations to Baltimore public schools.
In March 2017, Jennings launched a filibuster against a bill to prohibit the state from using vouchers to improve struggling schools, during which he attempted to read off every page of the Every Student Succeeds Act. The filibuster was ended by Senate Democrats after an hour.
During the 2019 legislative session, Jennings opposed a bill that would restore control over school calendars to local boards of education, overturning an earlier executive order by Governor Larry Hogan that mandated a post-Labor Day start for school districts.
In September 2019, Jennings expressed concern with the Blueprint for Maryland\'s Future Funding Formula Workgroup---which was tasked with developing funding formulas for local school systems---was creating its formulas behind closed doors, saying that it would make people \"lose trust in government\". During the 2020 legislative session, he initially said that he would be willing to negotiate the education reforms proposed in the Blueprint for Maryland\'s Future and vowed to oppose any potential tax increases to pay for the reforms, but later said that legislators should delay passing the bill into the next year amid uncertainty with the COVID-19 pandemic. During debate on the bill, he introduced an amendment to minimize student-to-teacher ratios in public schools, which was adopted by the Senate.
### Gambling
Jennings supports the expansion of gambling in Maryland, but voted against a bill in 2007 to create a statewide referendum on establishing casinos at five locations in the state, which he called \"the hardest vote\" he ever had to take.
### Gun policy {#gun_policy}
Jennings opposes gun control laws, instead preferring reforms to mental health services.
During the 2013 legislative session, after a student was suspended for two days for making a gun-shaped pastry, Jennings introduced a bill to ban schools from suspending children who make gun gestures. He also opposed the Firearm Safety Act, a bill that placed restrictions on firearm purchases and magazine capacity in semi-automatic rifles, and attended a rally outside the Maryland State House to protest the legislation.
In 2019, after a staff member was shot inside Frederick Douglass High School, Jennings introduced a bill to allow school resource officers to carry guns inside school buildings.
### Health care {#health_care}
Jennings supports providing full funding for the state\'s trauma care system, saying that he would put \"everything on the table\", including raising taxes, to increase funding for the services. He supports the decriminalization of marijuana and voted to legalize medical marijuana in 2014.
In 2018, Jennings supported a bill to impose a new tax on health insurers to help stabilize the state\'s healthcare marketplace.
During the 2021 legislative session, Jennings supported a bill banning medical debt collection agencies from garnishing the wages or placing liens on homes of people who owed medical debt, and limiting payments made toward medical debt at five percent of a person\'s income.
### Social issues {#social_issues}
During the 2006 legislative session, Jennings voted to overturn a committee vote to kill a bill proposing an amendment to the Constitution of Maryland to ban same-sex marriage in Maryland. The measure failed in a 61--78 vote. In 2012, he voted against the Civil Marriage Protection Act, which legalized same-sex marriage in Maryland. In 2019, during debate on a bill to allow residents to apply to a driver\'s license with the \"X\" gender identifier, Jennings expressed concern that the bill would cause confusion for police officers.
During the 2016 legislative session, Jennings expressed skepticism toward proposals to adopt automatic voter registration in Maryland. In June 2020, he wrote a letter to the Maryland State Board of Elections following Maryland\'s June 2 primary election, which was conducted largely using mail-in ballots, to express concern about potential voter fraud if mail-in ballots were used in the general election.
In 2018, Jennings criticized legislation to repeal \"Maryland, My Maryland\" as the state\'s official anthem as a \"participation trophy bill\", instead favoring a bill to replace the anthem\'s controversial pro-Confederate lyrics. During debate on the bill, he introduced an amendment to remove the bill\'s preamble, which called the song\'s lyrics \"controversial, inappropriate, and do not represent the ideals and values of Marylanders today\", which was rejected in a 25--21 vote.
### Taxes
Jennings has described himself as a \"guy who hates taxes\". During the 2015 legislative session, he supported proposals by Governor Larry Hogan to repeal Maryland\'s \"Rain Tax\" and to create tax exemptions for businesses and retired service members.
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| 1 |
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# J. B. Jennings
## Political positions {#political_positions}
### Transportation
During the 2017 legislative session, Jennings supported legislation to repeal a law that required the state to use a scoring system to decide which transportation projects to prioritize, arguing that the system would cause urban transit projects to be prioritized over rural road projects.
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# J. B. Jennings
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Jennings is married to his wife, Michelle Slusher. Together, they have two children and live in Joppa, Maryland. In 2000, Jennings won in the White Marlin Open after reeling in a 158-pound shark, for which he was awarded \$6,500.
In 2008, Jennings lost 51 lb to enlist in the Maryland Air National Guard
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# Hail fellow well met
**\"Hail fellow well met\"** is an English idiom used when referring to a person whose behavior is hearty, friendly, and congenial, typically in an excessive or insincere manner.
## Etymology
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) gives a 1589 quotation for this phrase as a friendly greeting, and quotations for the related phrase \"hail fellow\", a greeting that apparently dates to medieval times. \"Well met\" appears to have been added to the phrase in the 16th century to intensify its friendliness, and derives from the concept of \"good to meet you\", and also from the meaning of \"meet\" as something literally the right size for a given situation.
## Historic usage {#historic_usage}
In 1609 Thomas Dekker used the term in *The Gull's Hornbook*: \"when at a new play you take up the twelve-penny room next the stage, (because the Lords and you may seem to be haile fellow wel-met) there draw forth this booke, read alowd, laugh alowd, and play the Antickes, that all the garlicke mouthd stinkards may cry out, Away with the fool.\"
The expression appeared in Jonathan Swift\'s *My Lady\'s Lamentation* (1728).`{{Relevance inline|date=November 2016}}`{=mediawiki}
The phrase appears in a section entitled \"Sad\"---in the Aeolus episode---in James Joyce\'s novel, *Ulysses* (1918), at the end of a description of the behaviour of newspaper men: \"Funny the way the newspaper men veer about when they get wind of a new opening. Weathercocks. Hot and cold in the same breath. Wouldn\'t know which to believe. One story good till you hear the next. Go for one another baldheaded in the papers and then all blows over. Hailfellow well met the next moment.\"`{{primary source inline|date=November 2015}}`{=mediawiki}`{{Relevance inline|date=November 2016}}`{=mediawiki}
The early twentieth-century English novelist W. Somerset Maugham frequently used the term in his novels and short stories, in particular when he describes male characters of a genial, sociable, and hard-drinking temperament (e.g., *Of Human Bondage*, *The Trembling of a Leaf*, and *Then and Now*).
## Contemporary usage {#contemporary_usage}
In contemporary language the phrase is used as shorthand for someone who is genial or hearty but with the implication of superficiality or ingratiation. There is a contemporary use of the phrase in the ITV series Downton Abbey. In Episode 7 of Season 4 Mrs. Patmore, the cook, uses the phrase hail fellow well met to refer to Americans.
## Linguistic observations {#linguistic_observations}
Kuiper uses the fact that this idiom is a phrase that is a part of the English lexicon (technically, a \"phrasal lexical item\"), and that there are different ways that the expression can be presented---for instance, as the common \"hail-fellow-well-met,\" which appears as a modifier before the noun it modifies, *versus* the more original greeting form of \"Hail fellow. Well met\"; these variants are given as an example to explain how changes between the two (deformation), performed for the sake of artistry in writing (i.e., artistic deformation), can move alternative interpretations to the foreground (i.e., can create \"syntactic ambiguity\"); that is, ambiguity can be foregrounded by artistic deformation, including, Kuiper notes, toward the end of creating humorous interpretations
| 510 |
Hail fellow well met
| 0 |
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# Câbi
| 2 |
Câbi
| 0 |
10,127,982 |
# Lemko Republic
**Lemko-Rusyn People\'s Republic** (*Rusyn National Republic of \[\[Lemkos\]\]*), often known also as the **Lemko-Rusyn Republic**, just the **Lemko Republic**, or the **Florynka Republic**, was a short-lived state founded on 5 December 1918 in the aftermath of World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was centered on Florynka, a village in the south-east of present-day Poland. Being Russophile, its intent was unification with a democratic Russia and was opposed to a union with the West Ukrainian People\'s Republic. A union with Russia proved impossible, so the Republic then attempted to join Subcarpathian Rus\' as an autonomous province of Czechoslovakia. This, however, was opposed by the then governor of Subcarpathian Rus\', Gregory Žatkovič.
The Republic was headed by Jaroslav Kacmarcyk as President of the Central National Council. It was ended in March 1920 when the Polish government arrested Kacmarcyk and other members of the Lemko government. Its fate was sealed by the September 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain, which gave Galicia west of the San to Poland and by the Peace of Riga in March 1921 whereby the fait accompli was recognized by Moscow.
This state should not be confused with the Komancza Republic of eastern Lemko Region, another short-lived republic. This was a smaller pro-Ukrainian state that existed between November 1918 and 23 January 1919.
## Background
In the middle of the 19th century, the question of Rusyn population in Galicia turned into a power struggle between Austria, Russia and Poland. A circle of Russophile pan-Slavists formed around Mikhail Pogodin who visited Galicia regularly, and conducted talks with anti-Polish clergy of Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox denominations. The spread of pro-Russian sympathies proved successful as there already were cultural and social conflicts between the Poles and Rusyn peasants, resulting in an anti-Polish attitude. Antipathy towards Poland was also caused by the attitude of Polish nationalist groups, which spread the belief that Rusyns were a Polish tribe and that Rusyn culture was just a regional variation of the Polish one. Rusyns demanded that Eastern Catholic customs be freely respected in Galicia, and for the Rusyn language to be represented in administration and schools. Fears of Polonization and ignorance concerning the treatments of Rusyns and Ukrainians within the borders of the Russian Empire made the Russian campaign particularly successful, and already in 1849 the Lemkos sent a delegation to Tsar Nicholas I led by Mykhailo Hrynda of Szlachtowa, which asked the Tsar for his \"protection\".
Mykhailo Hrushevsky stresses that there was no nationalism nor a strong identity present in the Rusyn circles, the cultural and religious differences made it impossible to identify with both the Polish and Ukrainian population, and yet despite a common desire for independence or autonomy, there were not any strong foundations for a Lemko nation. In other words, Lemkos were certain that they were not Poles nor Ukrainians and sought sovereignty from them, and yet many did not feel like they formed a nation on their own either. Russian agitation solved this problem, and many Rusyns proceeded to identify with the Russian nation and culture.
The Russophilia of Rusyn circles came to be combated by the Ukrainian nationalist movements, most importantly the Prosvita society, and by the dominant Polish element as well. This temporarily weakened the pro-Russian ambitions of the Rusyns, but it returned as a consequence of Russian defeat in the Russo-Japanese War. In 1907, the National Democrats came to represent Galicia in the Viennese parliament. National Democrats represented a Russophile current, believing that rebuilding the Polish state lies in collaboration with Russia in exchange of extensive autonomy and combating Ukrainian nationalism. This pro-Russian attitude of National Democrats greatly empowered the Russophile Rusyns and weakened the Ukrainian movement in Lemko region.
The First World War resulted in the Russian occupation of Galicia, which the Russian officials declared to be \"eternally Russian lands\". Russia made vigorous efforts to integrate Galicia into Russia, and conducted mass conversions from Greek Catholicism to Eastern Orthodoxy. The Ukrainian national movement was repressed, with most Ukrainian politicians fleeing to Vienna. Andrey Sheptytsky, the Greek Catholic metropolitan, was arrested. The situation was quickly reversed when the Russian army was pushed back, with mass arrests and reprisals against pro-Russian circles by the Austrian army, including against the Rusyn movement. The war greatly polarised the Ukrainian and Russophile factions amongst Lemko activists, with the East being swayed towards supporting the Ukrainians and proclaiming a pro-Ukrainian Komancza Republic, while western Lemkos remained hostile to Ukrainian nationalism.
| 744 |
Lemko Republic
| 0 |
10,127,982 |
# Lemko Republic
## Proclamation
The western Lemkos were concerned that they would be incorporated into the Western Ukrainian People\'s Republic against their will. In November 1918, an anti-Ukrainian rally was held in Świątkowa Wielka, where Rusyn activists spoke against joining the Ukrainian state. A political conference of Lemko activists in Gładyszów proclaimed that the Lemko region could only belong to a Rusyn state. Jarosław Moklak notes that the resolutions of Gładyszów received support from local Lemkos, as they considered the Ukrainian nation foreign to them and feared being dismissed as a mere regional variant of the Ukrainian culture. Further rallies took place in Grybów and Nowy Sącz.
On 5 December 1918, over 500 Rusyn representatives of 130 villages and towns in the western Lemko Region held a national congress in Florynka, with the Slovak representatives from the Prešov Region also present as well. Additionally, a representative of the Polish government, Kazimierz Romult, was present as well. The congress proclaimed the creation of \'Nachalnyi Sovit\', the executive council, and \'Russka Rada\', the national council. Mykhal Iurchakevych led the former, while Jaroslav Kacmarcyk of Muszyna was elected as the head of the latter. The newly proclaimed government proceeded to establish its control over the region, forming a national guard and workers\' cooperatives. Given that the Lemko Republic was opposed to the West Ukrainian People\'s Republic, the Polish government expected the Lemko state to support them and offered them the former town hall of Grybów for its government headquarters. However, the Lemkos were not interested in joining the Polish state and desired to join Russia instead. At the end of 1918, the council announced the incorporation of the Lemko region into Russia, although it was not specified whether the council meant Soviet Russia or White Russia. The Rusyn Council established its control on the region, prohibiting teachers and officials from submitting \"pledges of loyalty\" to the Polish government, and public documents referred to the Republic as \"Russian National Republic\".
The collapse of Russia put the pro-Russian republic in a difficult situation, and the republic started seeking alternatives. This made the Lemkos develop a pro-Czechoslovak policy as to avoid integration into Poland, and the pro-Czech attitude was already widespread amongst the Rusyns of Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia. In January 1919, Lemko council members met with Rusyns of Carpathia and under the leadership of Antonii Beskyd formed a united Carpatho-Rusyn National Council, announcing that the Lemkos of Galicia and Rusyns of Carpathia formed a single nation that would join Czechoslovakia. A delegation was sent to the Paris Peace Conference, which issued a formal memorandum in April 1919 of a united Rusyn state which would encompass the Lemko region in Galicia, the Prešov Region and Carpathian Ruthenia. Gregory Žatkovich, the first governor of Czechoslovak Carpathian Ruthenia, vehemently opposed the annexation of Lemko Region into Czechoslovakia, given that it would provoke a war in Poland and that the Entente powers had already allowed Poland to occupy all of Galicia until the resolution of the Russian Civil War. While the Polish government was passive towards the Lemko state and saw no need to suppress it thanks to its anti-Ukrainian attitude, the pro-Czech attitude concerned the Polish authorities, and unlike Russophilia, was seen as a threat to the Polish nation state. Following the proclamation by the Lemko Council the Republic would join Czechoslovakia as part of Carpathian Ukraine, the Polish army quickly occupied the region in March 1920, effectively dissolving the Lemko Republic. A trial of the council members took place on 10 June 1921 in Nowy Sącz, but the Polish court was lenient towards the Lemko activists and acquitted every defendant.
Following the annexation of the Lemko-Rusyn Republic and the lenient trial, the newly established Polish state ignored Lemkos and did not interfere in the local political affairs. The success of the Polish state and the downfall of the Ukrainian one re-evaluated Rusyn politics, with the Russophile Lemkos becoming split between left-wing pro-Soviet and anti-Bolshevik right wing activists, known as the Old Rusyns. Old Rusyns remained loyal to the Russophile cause, but also declared loyalty towards the Polish state and started advocating for autonomy within Poland, without abandoning their Rusyn national consciousness. Given the partition of Ukrainian lands between Poland and the Soviet Union, the pro-Ukrainian Lemkos merged with the pro-Russian groups, seeing either the Soviets or the Polish state as preferable. Jaroslav Kacmarcyk never gave up on his ambition to join Russia, and continued to support a union with Russia, even if under Bolshevik governance.
| 749 |
Lemko Republic
| 1 |
10,127,982 |
# Lemko Republic
## Territory
On 5 December 1918, the Republic\'s delegates issued the statement: \"We, the Rusyn nation, living in a compact settlement in the southern parts of the Galician administrative units of Nowy Targ, Nowy Sącz, Grybów, Gorlice, Jasło, Krosno, and Sanok do not wish to be incorporated into the Polish state, and wish to share the fate of our Rusyn brothers \[living\] in Spiš, Šariš, and Zemplín counties as one indivisible geographic and ethnographic unit
| 78 |
Lemko Republic
| 2 |
10,127,994 |
# Antonio Amorosi
**Antonio Amorosi** (1660 -- 5 October 1738) was an Italian painter of the late-Baroque, active in Ascoli Piceno and Rome. Amorosi was born in Comunanza, then part of the Papal States. In 1668, he moved to Rome where he was trained by Giuseppe Ghezzi. He painted genre scenes similar to those of the Bamboccianti.
## Biography
He was born in Comunanza in 1660 and moved to Rome in 1668 with the intention to become a priest, his interest in art and, in 1676, acquaintance with Giuseppe Ghezzi, made him change his mind and enter Giuseppe Ghezzi\`s workshop to remain there for 11 years. Around 1690 he became an independent painter. His first work, signed and dated 1690, was the Portrait of the child Filippo Ricci, now kept in the Weitzner private collection in New York.
In 1699 he frescoed the Palazzo comunale of Civitavecchia with *Pope Innocent III receiving the Magistrates of the city* and with *the Madonna and San Fermo*, destroyed in 1944; in 1702 he painted, in the church of Santa Maria della Morte in Civitavecchia, the altarpiece *Saint Gregorio and the souls of Purgatory*.
In the mid-seventeenth century appeared the first bambocciate, that is pictorial representations of scenes of popular life that took their roots in the pictorial culture of northern Europe9genre scenes). In Italy they were marked by grotesque elements and caricatures as it was the representation of life of the \"popolino\" shown to the aristocratic clientele.
It is said that Amorosi\`s interest in genre scenes was fostered by artistic preferences of circle of the Spanish ambassador in Rome, the duke of Uceda, who was himself an important commissioner of Amorosi. In this environment, among other things, Amorosi met and became friends with his future biographer and art historian Leone Pascoli. His popular scenes remained a fundamental component of his artistic activity until his death, granting him commissions from wealthy clients, most belonging to the Roman aristocracy.
In addition to genre scenes, he painted sacred themes, such as can be found in altarpieces in Rome.
According to Pascoli, Amorosi was also a skilled copyist of Renaissance artists and a restorer. His son Filippo also collaborated in his father\'s workshop and was a painter of genre scenes
| 373 |
Antonio Amorosi
| 0 |
10,127,998 |
# Collegium (ministry)
The **Collegium** (*lit=joined by law*) was a type of government department in Imperial Russia. It was established in 1717 by Peter the Great to replace the system of Prikaz. They were housed in the Twelve Collegia building in Vasilyevsky Island, Saint Petersburg. In 1802, the Collegium was incorporated into and gradually replaced by the newly created system of Ministries.
## Origin
Following the formation of the Governing Senate in 1711, the Tsar Peter I sought to make more reforms on the imperial government bodies. He planned to replace the Prikaz with a new type of government agency, based on two new principles:
1. Systematic separation of departments, in order to avoid overlapping/omission of certain governmental duties under the Prikaz system;
2. Advisory procedure for resolving cases.
Similar form of central government institutions were adopted in Sweden and a number of German states. In 1717, Collegium was introduced based on the Swedish *Kollegium*.
## History
- 1717 - Establishment of the 8 following Collegiums: Collegium of Foreign Affairs, College of War, Collegium of State Income, Collegium of Justice, Collegium of Commerce, Collegium of State Expenses, Collegium of Mining and Manufacturing, and Collegium of Accounting.
- 1718 - Establishment of the Admiralty Board, as well as a special collegium to administer the newly acquired territories along the Baltic Sea.
- 1720 - Publication of the General Regulations (*Генеральный регламент*), which, among other things, made the following changes:
- Formalized the 1718 special collegium into the Judicial Collegium of Livonian and Estonian Affairs (*Юстиц-коллегия Лифляндских и Эстляндских дел*)
- Established the Chief Magistrate (*Главный магистрат*), which served as a court of appeal for all magistrates.
```{=html}
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- 1721 - Establishment of the Collegium of Estates.
- 1722 - Division of Collegium of Mining and Manufacturing into the Collegium of Mining and the Collegium of Manufacturing.
- 1726 - Establishment of the Collegium of Economics (*Коллегия экономии*).
- 1763 - Establishment of the Collgium of Medicine (*Медицинская коллегия*).
- 1780s - As a result of the local government reform carried out by Catherine the Great, the number of collegiums was sharply reduced, and their functions were transferred to provincial institutions.
- 1802 - Passage of the Manifesto on the Establishment of Ministries by Alexander I of Russia, which incorporated the collegiums into newly created ministries.
## Regulations
The activities of the collegiums were determined by the General Regulations, which was approved by Peter I on February 28 (March 10 on Gregorian calendar), 1720.
The General Regulations instituted a set of office administration rules for the collegium. Each collegium was to be consisted of advisers and assessors, and headed by presidents and vice-presidents. The decisions of the collegium need to be debated on, received majority approval, and signed by all members present. Peter I paid special attention to this form of decision-making, noting that "every better arrangement happens through councils" (Chapter 2 of the General Regulations "On the advantage of colleges").
## Internal structure {#internal_structure}
Each collegium consisted of the following staff:
- President: Head of a collegium, but could not make decisions without the consent of the other members. Appointed by the Governing Senate with consent from the Tsar.
- Vice President: Assistant of the president in performing duties of the collegium, and could stand in for the president during the latter\'s absence. Appointed by the Governing Senate.
- 4 counsellors
- 4 assessors
- 1 procurator
- 1 secretary
- 1 actuary
- 1 registrator
- 1 translator
- Clerks
Meeting were held daily, except for Sundays and public holidays. They started at 6 A.M. or 8 A.M. depending on the season, and usually lasted 5 hours.
Materials for the boards were prepared in the Office of the collegium, and were then transferred to the General Presence, where they were discussed and adopted by a majority of the votes. Issues on which the collegium failed to make a decision were referred to the Senate, the only institution to which the collegiums were subordinate to
| 667 |
Collegium (ministry)
| 0 |
10,128,015 |
# Gulf Stream Magazine
***Gulf Stream Magazine*** is a bi-annual literary magazine published by the Creative Writing Program at Florida International University. The headquarters of the magazine is in Miami, Florida.
## History and profile {#history_and_profile}
*Gulf Stream Magazine* was founded in 1989 by Lynne Barrett, who edited it until 2002 when John Dufresne became editor. The magazine is published biannually and carries fiction, poetry, creative non-fiction, interviews and reviews.
Among the major writers published in *Gulf Stream* are Ha Jin, James Carlos Blake, Sherman Alexie, Stuart Dybek, Peter Meinke, Maureen Seaton, Jacob M. Appel, Ann Hood, Ryan Shoemaker and Susan Neville
| 102 |
Gulf Stream Magazine
| 0 |
10,128,021 |
# TIM (psychedelics)
TIM
------------------
Chemical name
Chemical formula
**TIM**, or **thioisomescaline**, is a series of lesser-known psychedelic drugs similar in structure to mescaline. They were first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book *PiHKAL (Phenethylamines i Have Known And Loved)*, none of their durations are known. Very little is known about their dangers or toxicity
| 56 |
TIM (psychedelics)
| 0 |
10,128,026 |
# Machaire Rabhartaigh
***Machaire Rabhartaigh*** (known in English as **Magheroarty**), meaning \"plain of the spring tide/plain of Roarty\", is a Gaeltacht village and townland on the north-west coast of County Donegal in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland. It is in the parish of Cloughaneely and its main access road is the R257.
It has been home to a Gael Linn Irish language Summer school, Coláiste Mhachaire Rabhartaigh, since 1981 which runs courses for teenagers from Northern Ireland every summer.
The village has a port used by fishing vessels. It also the main ferry port for Tory Island.
It attracts tourists during the summer and watersports enthusiasts visit the area to windsurf/surf/kitesurf and to go kayaking in the bay. A natural reef exists to the left of the pier which provides conditions suitable for surfing throughout the year.`{{fact|date=March 2024}}`{=mediawiki} Amenities include a pub, café and *Scoil Naomh Dubhthach Machaire Rabhartaigh*, an Irish-medium primary school
| 154 |
Machaire Rabhartaigh
| 0 |
10,128,039 |
# Andover (UK Parliament constituency)
**Andover** was the name of a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England from 1295 to 1307, and again from 1586, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1918. It was a parliamentary borough in Hampshire, represented by two Members of Parliament until 1868, and by one member from 1868 to 1885. The name was then transferred to a county constituency electing one MP from 1885 until 1918.
## History
The parliamentary borough of **Andover**, in the county of Hampshire (or as it was still sometimes known before about the eighteenth centuries, Southamptonshire), sent MPs to the parliaments of 1295 and 1302--1307. It was re-enfranchised as a two-member constituency in the reign of Elizabeth I of England. It elected MPs regularly from 1586.
The House of Commons decided, in 1689, that the elective franchise for the seat was limited to the twenty four members of the Andover corporation and not the freemen of the borough. This ruling was confirmed after another disputed election in 1727. Matthew Skinner and Abel Kettleby received the most votes, from many householders, but James Brudenell and Charles Colyear (Viscount Milsington) were declared elected for winning the most support from corporation members. Under the Reform Act 1832 the electorate was expanded by allowing householders, whose property was valued at £10 or more, to vote. There were 246 registered electors in 1832.
From the 1868 United Kingdom general election the constituency returned one member. The electorate was further extended, in 1868, to 775 registered electors.
Apart from the period between 1653 and 1658, Andover continued to be represented as a borough constituency until that was abolished in 1885. Immediately thereafter, from the 1885 United Kingdom general election, the town of Andover was combined with surrounding rural territory to form a county division of Hampshire, known formally as the Western or Andover division. The registered electorate for the expanded seat was 9,175 in 1885, and 9,460 in 1901.
The constituency was abolished in 1918, when the Municipal Borough of Andover and Andover Rural District were included in the Basingstoke seat.
## Boundaries
The constituency was based on the northern Hampshire town of Andover.
The Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 (2 & 3 William IV, c. 64) defined the seat as \"the respective parishes of Andover and Knights Enham, and the tithing of Foxcot\". The boundaries were left unaltered, until the end of the borough constituency in 1885.
Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the county division was defined as including the Sessional Divisions of Andover, and Kingsclere; with parts of the Sessional Divisions of Winchester, Romsey, and Basingstoke, and the Municipal Boroughs of Andover and Winchester, and the parish of Coombe, Hampshire in the Hungerford Sessional Division of Berkshire.
| 475 |
Andover (UK Parliament constituency)
| 0 |
10,128,039 |
# Andover (UK Parliament constituency)
## Members of Parliament {#members_of_parliament}
The Roman numerals after some names are to distinguish different members for this constituency, with the same name. It is not suggested this use of Roman numerals was applied at the time.
- In this section by-elections are indicated by an asterisk after the date.
### Parliament of England 1586-1707 (two members) {#parliament_of_england_1586_1707_two_members}
As there were sometimes significant gaps between Parliaments held in this period, the dates of first assembly and dissolution are given. Where the name of the member has not yet been ascertained or (before 1558) is not recorded in a surviving document, the entry *unknown* is entered in the table.
Elected Assembled Dissolved
--------- -- --------------------- ------------------- ------------------
1586 13 October 1586 23 March 1587
1588 4 February 1589 29 March 1589
1593 18 February 1593 10 April 1593
1597 24 October 1597 9 February 1598
1601 27 October 1601 19 December 1601
1604 19 March 1604 9 February 1611
1614 5 April 1614 7 June 1614
1620 or 1621 16 January 1621 25 August 1621
1621 22 November 1621 8 February 1622
1623 or 1624 12 February 1624 27 March 1625
1625 17 May 1625 12 August 1625
1626 6 February 1626 15 June 1626
1628 17 March 1628 10 March 1629
1640 13 April 1640 5 May 1640
1640 3 November 1640 5 December 1648
1641 \*
3 May 1642
6 December 1648 20 April 1653
1653 4 July 1653 12 December 1653
1654 3 September 1654 22 January 1655
1656 17 September 1656 4 February 1658
1658 or 1659 27 January 1659 22 April 1659
*N/A* 7 May 1659 20 February 1660
21 February 1660 16 March 1660
1660, April 20 25 April 1660 29 December 1660
1661 8 May 1661 24 January 1679
1673, January 31 \*
1678, October 29 \*
1679, February 11 6 March 1679 12 July 1679
1679, August 14 21 October 1680 18 January 1681
1681, March 4 21 March 1681 28 March 1681
1685, March 16 19 May 1685 2 June 1687
1689, January 14 22 January 1689 6 February 1690
1690, March 3 20 March 1690 11 October 1695
1695, October 30 22 November 1695 6 July 1698
1698, July 21 24 August 1698 19 December 1700
1701, January 14 6 February 1701 11 November 1701
1701, November 25 30 December 1701 2 July 1702
1702, July 16 20 August 1702 5 April 1705
1705, May 11 14 June 1705 1707
### 1707--1868 (two members) {#two_members}
Date First member First party
------ -- ---------------------- -------------------------------------- -----------------
*1707, October 23* John Smith Whig
1708, May 6
1713, August 25 Sir Ambrose Crowley Tory
1714, March 30 \* Gilbert Searle Tory
1715, January 29 \* John Wallop
1715, April 1 James Brudenell
1727, August 23
1730, January 20 \*
1734, April 25 John Pollen III Whig
1741, May 5
1749, November 28 \*
1754, April 16 Sir Francis Blake Delaval
1768, March 21 Benjamin Lethieullier
1784, August 11 \*
1796, May 25
1797, December 14 \* Thomas Assheton Smith I Tory{{cite book
1802, July 5
1820, March 8
1821, May 11 \* Thomas Assheton Smith II Tory
1831, May 2 Henry Arthur Wallop Fellowes Whig
1835, January 8 Sir John Pollen, 2nd Bt Conservative
1841, June 29 Lord William Paget Whig
1847, July 29 Henry Beaumont Coles Conservative
1857, March 28 Hon. Dudley Fortescue Whig
1859 Liberal
1861, July 29 \*
1862, December 17 \*
1863, November 18 \*
1867, February 11 \*
1868 *constituency reduced to one member*
- In this sub-section Liberal MPs elected before the formal founding of the Liberal Party, in 1859, are indicated by a + symbol after the party name.
### 1868-1918 (one member) {#one_member}
Year Member Party
------ ------ -------------------------- --------------
1868 Hon. Dudley Fortescue Liberal
1874 Henry Wellesley Conservative
1880 Francis Buxton Liberal
1885 Bramston Beach Conservative
1901 Edmund Faber Conservative
1906 Walter Faber Conservative
1918 *constituency abolished*
## Elections
### Elections in the 1830s {#elections_in_the_1830s}
### Elections in the 1840s {#elections_in_the_1840s}
### Elections in the 1850s {#elections_in_the_1850s}
### Elections in the 1860s {#elections_in_the_1860s}
Cubitt resigned to contest the 1861 by-election at City of London, causing a by-election.
Coles\' death caused a by-election.
Cubitt\'s death caused a by-election.
Humphery resigned, causing a by-election.
Karslake was appointed Attorney General for England and Wales, requiring a by-election.
*The seat was reduced to one member.*
### Elections in the 1870s {#elections_in_the_1870s}
| 737 |
Andover (UK Parliament constituency)
| 1 |
10,128,039 |
# Andover (UK Parliament constituency)
## Elections
### Elections in the 1880s {#elections_in_the_1880s}
### Elections in the 1890s {#elections_in_the_1890s}
### Elections in the 1900s {#elections_in_the_1900s}
### Elections in the 1910s {#elections_in_the_1910s}
**General Election 1914--15**:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915
| 47 |
Andover (UK Parliament constituency)
| 2 |
10,128,074 |
# Neil Cooper (drummer)
**Neil Cooper** is an English musician who is the drummer for Therapy?, a rock band from Northern Ireland, and formerly of The Beyond, a rock band from England.
## Career
Cooper was a founding member of The Beyond in 1988.
The Beyond disbanded in 1993, after which Cooper joined Cable. The band signed to Infectious Records and Cooper appeared on their debut album *Downlift the Uptrodden*. He also played on both of their John Peel sessions and toured the UK and Europe.
In 1995, however, Cooper re-joined his old bandmates from The Beyond in a new group called Gorilla. In 1998, following the release of several EPs, the group disbanded.
Cooper, by now`{{when|date=May 2023}}`{=mediawiki} operating freelance, had a stint with bigbeat combo Psychedeliasmith, and worked with Fatboy Slim. Cooper also gained his Certificate in Teaching from the Royal Schools of Music in 2001, the same year as he co-founded a Derby-based record label called Stressed Sumo Records.
Cooper joined Therapy? in 2002, following the departure of Graham Hopkins. His first live performance with Therapy? took place at the Carvicais Rock Festival in Portugal on 10 August that year. It followed one rehearsal in which he had to learn the full sixteen song set. Cooper has since played on the band\'s last eight studio albums -- *High Anxiety*, *Never Apologise Never Explain*, *One Cure Fits All*, *Crooked Timber*, *A Brief Crack of Light*, *Disquiet*, *Cleave*, and "Hard Cold Fire".
Cooper uses, and is endorsed by, Mapex drums, Paiste cymbals, and Vic Firth drumsticks
| 256 |
Neil Cooper (drummer)
| 0 |
10,128,077 |
# Santa Cruz County Science and Engineering Fair
The **Santa Cruz County Science and Engineering Fair**, previously known as the **Santa Cruz County Science Fair**, is a science fair held annually at the Santa Cruz County Fairgrounds. The top 10 students from elementary and junior high schools in Santa Cruz County are invited to participate, and high school students can enter projects into the fair without competing at their school science fair. The primary sponsor of the fair in 2019 is Plantronics, although the fair receives donations and volunteer judges from many local businesses and educational institutions.
Students from the Santa Cruz County Science and Engineering Fair have been very successful at the California State Science Fair. Santa Cruz County was allocated 38 projects in 2019
| 126 |
Santa Cruz County Science and Engineering Fair
| 0 |
10,128,088 |
# Laszlo Varga (cellist)
**Laszlo Varga** (December 13, 1924 -- December 11, 2014) was a Hungarian-born American cellist who had a worldwide status as a soloist, recording artist, and authoritative cello teacher.
## Biography
As a Jew, Varga lost his position at the Budapest Symphony during WW II and was later interned by Hungarian authorities in a Nazi labor camp.
For 11 years Varga held the position as principal cellist of the New York Philharmonic under the baton of the orchestra\'s music directors Dimitri Mitropoulos and Leonard Bernstein, and many guest conductors including Fritz Reiner and Guido Cantelli. He performed as soloist with orchestras in countries such as Australia, Japan, USA, the former Soviet Union, and throughout Europe. In music festivals such as Aspen, Chautauqua, and Shreveport, he has been spotlighted during the last 40 years for his duties as a soloist, chamber musician and teaching mentor. During this time recorded a multitude of disks for numerous labels including Columbia, CRI, Decca, EMI, Musicelli, Period, Philips, RCA, Serenus, and Vox. Many composers throughout the world have requested that Mr. Varga give the first performance of their works.
As a chamber musician he was a member of groups such as the Borodin Piano Trio, the Canadian String Quartet, the Léner String Quartet, the Hungarian Quartet, the Trio Concertante, and the Crown Chamber Players. Indiana University awarded Varga with the title of *Chevalier du Violoncelle* for having dedicated his career as a teacher and soloist for the improvement of cello playing. He taught the cello at San Francisco State University (where he also taught conducting and oversaw the chamber music program), University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Toronto and the University of Houston, from which he retired in 2000.
He has the great pleasure of having many of his students landing jobs in orchestras and in universities throughout the globe. He routinely holds master classes and performs in recitals as well as conducts large groups of cello ensembles on all sides of the globe. Many of these take place during the various international Cello Congresses. He has been the conductor of orchestras in Budapest, Hungary and San Leandro, California, as well as Festivals in Aspen, Colorado and Shreveport, Louisiana. He not only conducted the *Virtuosi of New York* and the *Virtuosi of San Francisco* but he was founder of both of them. He has arranged many works of music which are published by MusiCelli Publications. Groups such as the Yale Cellos, the Saito Cello Ensemble, *CELLO for Sony/Philips*, MusiCelli, the Los Angeles *I Cellisti*, as well as his own *New York Philharmonic Cello Quartet* have recorded his arrangements.
| 439 |
Laszlo Varga (cellist)
| 0 |
10,128,088 |
# Laszlo Varga (cellist)
## Laszlo Varga\'s list of Cello Arrangements {#laszlo_vargas_list_of_cello_arrangements}
### for Solo Cello {#for_solo_cello}
BACH, Johann Sebastian
- Partita in D minor for solo cello, BWV 1004 (which includes the famous Chaconne)
- Partita in E for solo cello, BWV 1006
- Solo Cello Suite No. 4, BWV 1010 (Transposed to G Major)
BRAHMS, Johannes
- Three Violin Sonatas (Cello part only)
- Sonata in G, Op. 78
- Sonata in A, Op. 100
- Sonata in d, Op. 108
### for Cello and Piano {#for_cello_and_piano}
BACH, Johann Sebastian
- Toccata, Adagio, and Fuga (Originally for organ.)
BARTOK, Bela
- Sonatine (1915) (Originally for piano.)
BEETHOVEN, Ludwig van
- Sonata, Op. 64
MOZART, Wolfgang Amadeus
- Adagio, K. 261 (Originally for violin.)
- Andante, K. 467 (Originally for piano.)
SCHUBERT, Franz
- Two Songs: "Litanei" and "Aufenthalt"
SCHUMANN, Robert
- Two Songs
### for Two Cellos {#for_two_cellos}
BACH, Johann Sebastian
- Fifteen Little Pieces
- Suite in C Major
- Suite No. 5, BWV 1011 in C minor for cello duo (transposed to G minor)
- Aria from Goldberg Variations
### for Three Cellos {#for_three_cellos}
BACH, Johann Sebastian
- Two Little Preludes
### Cello Quartets and bigger Ensembles {#cello_quartets_and_bigger_ensembles}
BACH, Johann Sebastian
- Chaconne in d, BWV 1004
- Prelude and Fugue VIII from Book One of the "WTC"
- Sarabande and Bourree, BWV 1002
- Suite V for solo cello, BWV 1011
- Allemande, Sarabande, Gavotte, and Gigue from Suite VI
BARTOK, Bela
- Hungarian Peasant Songs
BEETHOVEN, Ludwig van
- Quartet, Op. 14, No. 1 (Originally for piano.)
- Adagio, Op. 31, No. 2 (Originally for piano.)
BOCCHERINI, Luigi
- Adagio and Allegro (from the Cello Sonata in A)
CHOPIN, Frederic
- Etude, Op. 25, No. 7 (Originally for piano.)
- Prelude in e, Op. 28, No. 4 (Originally for piano.)
DEBUSSY, Claude
- Sarabande (from "pour le piano")
- Prelude, "La fille aux cheveux de lin" (Originally for piano.)
- Prelude, "Minstrels" (Originally for piano.)
HAYDN, Franz Joseph
- Quartet, Op. 76, No. 5 (Originally for string quartet.)
MOOR, Emanuel
- Suite, Op 95
MOZART, Wolfgang Amadeus
- Sonata in F, K. 358 (Originally for piano.)
RIMSKY-KORSAKOV, Nicolai
- Flight of the Bumble Bee
ROSSINI, Gioacchino
- Variations "Un Larme" (Originally for cello and piano.)
VIVALDI, Antonio
- Concerto Grosso, Op. 3, No. 11
### Cello Ensemble with Voice {#cello_ensemble_with_voice}
SCHUBERT, Franz
- Two Songs for Soprano and Cello Quartet, Der Müller und der Bach and Heidenröslein
BRAHMS, Johannes
- "Ihr habt nun Traurigkeit" from Ein deutsches Requiem for mezzo soprano or solo cello and eight-part cello ensemble (with optional six-part cello choir.)
### Solo Cello and Four Cellos or other Instruments {#solo_cello_and_four_cellos_or_other_instruments}
HANDEL, George Frederic
- Concerto in g for five celli or solo oboe and four celli
MOZART, Wolfgang Amadeus
- Quintet, K. 407 for oboe and four celli. (Originally for horn and strings.)
RESPIGHI, Ottorino
- Adagio con Variazioni for solo cello and cello octet
STRAUSS, Richard
- Don Quixote, Op. 32 for solo cello and viola, violin, clar./bass clar., French horn, and piano
- Sonata, Op. 6 for solo cello and 12-piece ensemble (pairs or flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, 1 cello, and 1 bass)
TCHAIKOVSKY, Peter Ilych
- Andante Cantabile from the String Quartet, Op
| 546 |
Laszlo Varga (cellist)
| 1 |
10,128,108 |
# Teethgrinder
***Teethgrinder*** was a single released by rock band Therapy?, taken from their album *Nurse* (1992). It was released on 19 October 1992 through A&M Records. The single reached number 30 in the UK Singles Chart, and number 19 in the Irish Singles Chart.
It was available on 7\", limited edition purple vinyl 7\", CD, CD digipak, 12\", and 12\" remix. Both 12\"s were also repackaged together as a limited edition presentation pack.
The song was featured in the PlayStation and Sega Saturn versions of video game *Road Rash*
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Teethgrinder
| 0 |
10,128,126 |
# ProVida
**ProVida** is a series of mobile surveillance and speed limit enforcement systems produced by UK-based Petards Group. It was originally developed in 1986 by Danish company JAI A/S. Its first user was Rigspolitiet Denmark, the Danish national police force, followed by the Metropolitan Police in the United Kingdom, who first installed ProVida cameras on two patrol vehicles for use on the M25 motorway. Today ProVida recordings are accepted as evidential proof in various jurisdictions including the United Kingdom.`{{unclear inline|date=May 2023}}`{=mediawiki}
The latest iteration of the system, ProVida 4000, is available in more than ten languages. It consists of four components:
- ProVida Surveillance
- ProVida Speed Measurement
- ProVida Mobile ANPR
- Specialist Cameras
## Details of the user interface {#details_of_the_user_interface}
There are several international variants for the \"SPEED\" counter on the camera:
- SPEED - United Kingdom, Poland, The Netherlands
- EGEN HASTIGHED - Denmark, Norway, Sweden - from the Danish word *egen hastighed* meaning \"own speed\"
- GESCHW - Germany - from the German word *Geschwindigkeit* meaning \"speed\", abbreviated to GESCHW.
### Versions
Early versions had the following display:
: PP SPEED
: 000.00 Mph
The other variants were:
: PP SPEED
: 0.00 Mph
and from 1994 onwards
: PP SPEED
: 0.00 m.p.h.
: SPEED
: 000 m.p.h.
In 1996, a new version was launched, and this was in the format of
: v: 0.00mph
: o: 0mph
By 1997, the screen was in a new format of:
: s: 0.00mph
: o: 0mph
the \"v\" and \"s\" represent \"vehicle\" and \"speed\", literally.
Foreign versions of the above were:
: h: 0.00km/t
: o: 0km/t
where \"h\" is \"egen hastighed\", literally \"own speed\" in Danish
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ProVida
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