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# Comparative Tracking Index
The **Comparative Tracking Index** (**CTI**) is used to measure the electrical breakdown (tracking) properties of an insulating material. Tracking is an electrical breakdown on the *surface* of an insulating material wherein an initial exposure to electrical arcing heat carbonizes the material. The carbonized areas are more conductive than the pristine insulator, increasing current flow, resulting in increased heat generation, and eventually the insulation becomes completely conductive.
## Details
A large voltage difference gradually creates a conductive leakage path across the surface of the material by forming a carbonized track. Testing method is specified in IEC standard 60112 and ASTM D3638.
To measure the tracking, 50 drops of 0.1% ammonium chloride solution are dropped on the material, and the voltage measured for a 3 mm thickness is considered representative of the material performance. Also term PTI (Proof Tracking Index) is used: it means voltage at which during testing on five samples the samples pass the test with no failures.
Performance Level Categories (PLC) were introduced to avoid excessive implied precision and bias.
The CTI value is used for electrical safety assessment of electrical apparatus, as for instance carried out by testing and certification laboratories. The minimum required creepage distances over an insulating material between electrically conducting parts in apparatus, especially between parts with a high voltage and parts that can be touched by human users, is dependent on the insulator\'s CTI value. Also for internal distances in an apparatus by maintaining CTI based distances, the risk of fire is reduced.
Creepage distance requirement depends on the CTI. Material which CTI is unknown are classified in IIIb group. There are no CTI requirement for glass, ceramic, and other inorganic material which do not breakdown on the surface.
The better the insulation, the higher the CTI (positive relationship). In terms of clearance, a higher CTI value means a lower minimum creepage distance required, and the closer two conductive parts can be.
Tracking Index (V) PLC
-------------------- -----
600 and Greater 0
400 through 599 1
250 through 399 2
175 through 249 3
100 through 174 4
\< 100 5
In design of medical products, the CTI is treated differently. Material groups are classified as shown below, per IEC 60601-1:2005, International Standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC):
Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) Material Group
---------------------------------- ----------------
600 ≤ CTI I
400 ≤ CTI \< 600 II
175 ≤ CTI \< 400 IIIa
100 ≤ CTI \< 175 IIIb
The test method does not work well for voltages below 125VAC as the solution does not evaporate between successive drops. The test method has an upper limit of 600VAC; higher voltages are currently not covered by the standard. In the recent version of the standard the evaluation of the test method at higher voltages (above 600 V) is stated as a target for the future. In principle, tests at higher voltages should be possible as the breakdown voltage of air at 50 Hz is larger than 40 kV at 4 mm. However, arching between the electrodes might increase at higher voltages and might have an impact on the test result. Therefore, this needs to be further evaluated before the maximum voltage in the standard can be increased. In addition, dependent standards such as IEC 60664 would need to be changed as well in case a new material class for higher voltages is introduced in IEC 60112
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# Lewes Arms controversy
The **Lewes Arms controversy** was a dispute between the Greene King Brewery and the regulars of the Lewes Arms pub in Lewes, East Sussex, England when the brewery withdrew from sale a popular local beer from 2006 to April 2007.
The dispute prompted a change in Greene King\'s policy that may well have repercussions for other pubs that have lost the right to sell local beers. One of the Greene King directors, Mark Angela, left the company amid a shake up of all Greene King houses in which the managed house operations were split into two divisions.
## Background
Greene King decided to stop selling the locally produced Harvey\'s Sussex Best Bitter at the Lewes Arms in December 2006.
Harvey\'s brewery, which has been producing beer since 1790, is situated approximately half a mile from the pub and is a major local employer. The 220-year-old pub in the centre of the town had been acquired by Greene King in 1998. The seasonal Harvey\'s ales were withdrawn in 2004, but the Best Bitter remained on sale because of its popularity - selling four times as much as Greene King\'s standard cask ales. The company\'s decision to finally withdraw the Best Bitter turned into a public relations disaster.
## The protest {#the_protest}
A petition of 1200 signatures was collected. The mayor of Lewes and the then Lewes MP Norman Baker spoke out against the withdrawal.
Following the withdrawal, the regulars of the pub staged a well-publicised boycott with a regular vigil outside the pub at peak times to explain the situation to casual visitors, which resulted in an estimated loss of trade of 90%. The campaign was covered on the internet and the licensing trade press including *The Publican* and the *Morning Advertiser* prompting a wider discussion about the power of the larger brewers over consumer choice. It gained national coverage in *The Guardian*, *The Mail on Sunday*, the *Financial Times*, BBC Radio 4\'s *Today* and *You and Yours* programmes, *Private Eye*, *The Observer* and the *Evening Standard*.
## Outcome
After a 133-day boycott, a highly critical article in *The Guardian* and a corporate reorganisation in March involving the departure of Mark Angela as the head of the managed house operations, the company announced on 20 April 2007 that it would reinstate a range of Harvey\'s ales at the Lewes Arms. In what *The Independent* described as a \"humiliating climbdown\" chief executive Rooney Anand admitted that the company had greatly underestimated the depth of feeling about its initial decision, saying \"The Lewes Arms is a very special local pub with a unique place in the life of the town \... the decision to return Harvey\'s to the bar is the right one\". The pub is now owned by Fuller, Smith and Turner
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# The Course of Time
***The Course of Time*** is a ten-book poem in blank verse, first published in 1827. It was the last published and most famous work of Scottish poet Robert Pollok. The first edition of the poem sold 12,000 copies, and by its fourth edition it had sold 78,000 copies and become well known even in North America.
Pollok himself died in September 1827, only a few months after the poem was published.
An illustrated edition was published in 1857, featuring the work of John Tenniel, Myles Birket Foster, and J. R. Clayton
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# Nikon Coolpix P5000
The **Coolpix P5000** is a compact digital camera produced by Nikon. In 2007, it won the TIPA award for Best Compact Digital Camera and the *American Photo* Editor\'s Choice award. The P5000 was released in March 2007
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# David Rhys-Jones
**David Rhys-Jones** (born 16 June 1962) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club and the Sydney Swans in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Rhys-Jones\'s reputation as a footballer is somewhat sullied by his regular visits to the AFL Tribunal; he currently holds the record for being the most reported player in VFL/AFL history, having had his number taken by umpires 25 times over his 13-season career. However, when fit and available, Rhys-Jones\'s versatility, pace and agility made him a valuable footballer; the best example being when he was given the challenging task of playing in defence on `{{AFL Haw}}`{=mediawiki} champion and AFL Hall of Famer Dermott Brereton in the 1987 VFL Grand Final and held him goalless for the only time that season, resulting in Carlton winning its 15th VFL premiership and Rhys-Jones unanimously being awarded the Norm Smith Medal for best afield by the voting panel.
## Career
Rhys-Jones began his career with South Melbourne in 1980, which relocated north becoming the Sydney Swans in 1982. He moved back south to join Carlton in 1985 after a pay dispute. He remained with Carlton until his retirement in 1992. Rhys-Jones was a superbly balanced footballer, capable of playing in multiple positions and equally adept as a goalkicking option as he was at shutting down opponents. His nullifying of Dermott Brereton in the 1987 Grand Final earned Rhys-Jones the Norm Smith Medal. He was awarded nine Brownlow Medal votes that year.
In 1992, Rhys-Jones was appointed captain-coach of the North Launceston Football Club. After playing his 50th game in the 1995 winning grand final team, Rhys-Jones left to coach Frankston in the Victorian Football Association. After three years of successive finals appearances, including two grand finals, Rhys-Jones quit Frankston to concentrate on media commitments.
In 2000, he was appointed coach of Heidelberg Football Club. After a run of injuries in 2001, he decided to pull on the boots himself. The tribunal ruling that he was not allowed on the field forced Rhys-Jones to give his quarter-time team addresses from behind the boundary line. The following year, he announced in his biography that he used cocaine once during his playing career.
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# David Rhys-Jones
## Statistics
:
\|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| scope=row \| 1980 \|\| `{{AFL Syd}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 40 \| 4 \|\| 3 \|\| 4 \|\| 30 \|\| 14 \|\| 44 \|\| 10 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0.8 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 7.5 \|\| 3.5 \|\| 11.0 \|\| 2.5 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0 \|- \| scope=row \| 1981 \|\| `{{AFL Syd}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 30 \| 18 \|\| 1 \|\| 5 \|\| 175 \|\| 108 \|\| 283 \|\| 56 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0.1 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 9.7 \|\| 6.0 \|\| 15.7 \|\| 3.1 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 3 \|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| scope=row \| 1982 \|\| `{{AFL Syd}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 30 \| 21 \|\| 3 \|\| 11 \|\| 186 \|\| 168 \|\| 354 \|\| 59 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0.1 \|\| 0.5 \|\| 8.9 \|\| 8.0 \|\| 16.9 \|\| 2.8 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 1 \|- \| scope=row \| 1983 \|\| `{{AFL Syd}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 30 \| 14 \|\| 9 \|\| 6 \|\| 154 \|\| 115 \|\| 269 \|\| 58 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0.6 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 11.0 \|\| 8.2 \|\| 19.2 \|\| 4.1 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0 \|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| scope=row \| 1984 \|\| `{{AFL Syd}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 30 \| 19 \|\| 23 \|\| 13 \|\| 178 \|\| 127 \|\| 305 \|\| 64 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 1.2 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 9.4 \|\| 6.7 \|\| 16.0 \|\| 3.4 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0 \|- \| scope=row \| 1985 \|\| `{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 26 \| 19 \|\| 22 \|\| 13 \|\| 156 \|\| 153 \|\| 309 \|\| 59 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 1.2 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 8.2 \|\| 8.0 \|\| 16.3 \|\| 3.1 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 2 \|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| scope=row \| 1986 \|\| `{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 26 \| 17 \|\| 4 \|\| 3 \|\| 166 \|\| 134 \|\| 300 \|\| 70 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 0.2 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 9.8 \|\| 7.9 \|\| 17.6 \|\| 4.1 \|\| `{{n/a}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 3 \|- \| scope=row bgcolor=F0E68C \| **1987**^\#^ \|\| `{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 26 \| 20 \|\| 7 \|\| 4 \|\| 172 \|\| 166 \|\| 338 \|\| 64 \|\| 21 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 8.6 \|\| 8.3 \|\| 16.9 \|\| 3.2 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 9 \|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| scope=row \| 1988 \|\| `{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 26 \| 19 \|\| 17 \|\| 7 \|\| 150 \|\| 111 \|\| 261 \|\| 69 \|\| 33 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 7.9 \|\| 5.8 \|\| 13.7 \|\| 3.6 \|\| 1.7 \|\| 3 \|- \| scope=row \| 1989 \|\| `{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 26 \| 16 \|\| 2 \|\| 3 \|\| 129 \|\| 143 \|\| 272 \|\| 69 \|\| 27 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 8.1 \|\| 8.9 \|\| 17.0 \|\| 4.3 \|\| 1.7 \|\| 0 \|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| scope=row \| 1990 \|\| `{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 26 \| 8 \|\| 15 \|\| 6 \|\| 52 \|\| 46 \|\| 98 \|\| 26 \|\| 7 \|\| 1.9 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 6.5 \|\| 5.8 \|\| 12.3 \|\| 3.3 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 0 \|- \| scope=row \| 1991 \|\| `{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 26 \| 1 \|\| 1 \|\| 1 \|\| 3 \|\| 2 \|\| 5 \|\| 1 \|\| 0 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 3.0 \|\| 2.0 \|\| 5.0 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 0.0 \|\| 0 \|- style=background:#EAEAEA \| scope=row \| 1992 \|\| `{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki} \|\| 26 \| 6 \|\| 5 \|\| 2 \|\| 27 \|\| 23 \|\| 50 \|\| 8 \|\| 8 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 4.5 \|\| 3.8 \|\| 8.3 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 0 \|- class=sortbottom ! colspan=3 \| Career ! 182 !! 112 !! 78 !! 1578 !! 1310 !! 2888 !! 613 !! 96 !! 0.6 !! 0.4 !! 8.7 !! 7.2 !! 15.9 !! 3.4 !! 1.4 !! 21 \|}
## Honours and achievements {#honours_and_achievements}
**Team**
- **VFL premiership player (`{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki})**: 1987
- **McClelland Trophy (`{{AFL Car}}`{=mediawiki})**: 1987
**Individual**
- **Norm Smith Medal**: 1987
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# David Rhys-Jones
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Rhys-Jones married his second wife Cheri Donnelly in Queensland in 2001. They have a son and a daughter together. Additionally, Rhys-Jones has three children from his first marriage. Rhys-Jones and wife Cheri took over the Canada Hotel on Melbourne\'s Swanston Street, in 2002, renaming it the Plough and Harrow Hotel. That year, Rhys-Jones joined a reality show on Channel 7, called *The Club*, and he was chosen by audience votes to coach a new Australian rules football team in the Western Region Football League. The team was named the Kensington Hill Hammerheads, which Rhys-Jones coached to a premiership in its first (and only) year. Rhys-Jones lives in Melbourne
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# Yury Artsybushev
**Yury Konstantinovich Artsybushev** (*Юрий Константинович Арцыбушев*) (1877--1952) was a Russian artist, author, and journalist. Artsybushev served as the chief editor of the satirical magazine *Zritel* (Spectator) and as an organizer of the Theater of Miniatures in Moscow. He is known for his live sketches of Russian politicians and revolutionaries including those of Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky from the Russian Constituent Assembly in Petrograd.
## Biography
Yury was born into the family of Konstantin Artsybushev (1849-1901), a nobleman by birth, a railway engineer, and his wife Maria Lakhtina (1859-1919). Yury spent his childhood and youth in Moscow. He graduated from the Voskresensky School in Moscow. In 1898 he entered the architectural department of the Higher Art School at the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg, but did not complete the course.
Since 1916, when new signs of social revival appeared, Artsybushev started to make series of sketches of participants of different meetings, assemblies and trials. The first series of sketches were made at the trials on abuses in the army (summer 1916), over the participants in the food riots (autumn 1916), over the agents of the Moscow Security Office (April 1917). At the end of 1916, Artsybushev dedicated a series of drawings to the Moscow City Duma.
After February 1917 Artsybushev painted at the congresses of the Russian Constituent Assembly, the Russian Merchant Fleet, the All-Russian Congress of Railwaymen, and the Congress of Military Doctors.
In 1917-1918 Yury painted portraits of political and public leaders of the time, for which he specially attended the meetings of the Petrograd Soviet and various meetings.
In 1918 he moved to the South of Russia, lived in Kyiv and Odessa. On December 24, 1919, Artsybushev left Odessa for Serbia and soon moved from Belgrade to Paris. Yury lived in Algeria, France, Italy. He drew portraits of cultural figures in emigration.
In 1946, Artsybushev and his wife were granted Soviet citizenship. In 1947 they returned to the USSR and lived in Tbilisi
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# Canon EF 300mm lens
The **EF 300mm** lens refers to a family of telephoto prime lenses made by Canon, five of which have been sold to the general public and one of which was only made on special order. The lenses have an EF type mount which fits the Canon EOS line of cameras.
When used on a digital EOS body with a field of view compensation factor of 1.3x, such as the Canon EOS-1D Mark IV, it provides a narrow field of view, equivalent to a 390 mm lens mounted on a 35mm frame body. With a 1.6x body such as the Canon EOS 650D, it provides a narrower field of view, equivalent to a 480 mm lens mounted on a 35mm frame body.
This lens is most commonly used by sports and wildlife photographers, but is short enough to be use for extreme close-up portraits. Because of its rather high native magnification, it can be used for some macro type photography.
## Technical information {#technical_information}
The **EF 300mm** is a L series lens. This lens is constructed with a metal body and mount, and with plastic extremities and switches. Features of this lens are: a wide rubber focus ring that is dampened, a distance window, the ability to limit the focus range, and an image stabilizer (on the IS versions). The maximum aperture of `{{f/}}`{=mediawiki}2.8 or `{{f/}}`{=mediawiki}4 gives this lens the ability to create shallow depth of field effects, while the eight- or nine-blade diaphragm produces smooth background blur. The optical construction of this lens contains 15 lens elements, including two UD (Ultra low dispersion) lens elements for the f4 IS USM (for other configurations see chart). This lens uses an inner focusing system, powered by a ring type USM motor. The front of the lens does not rotate nor extend when focusing. This lens is compatible with the Canon Extender EF teleconverters.
## Specifications
Attribute 2.8L USM 2.8L IS USM 2.8L IS II USM 4L USM 4L IS USM
--------------------------- ---------------------------- ------------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------
Image
Key features
Full-frame compatible Yes
Image stabilizer No Yes Yes No Yes
Ring USM Yes
L-series Yes
Diffractive Optics No
Macro No
Technical data
Aperture (max-min) 2.8-`{{f/}}`{=mediawiki}32 4-`{{f/}}`{=mediawiki}32
Construction 8 groups / 10 elements 13 groups / 17 elements 12 groups / 16 elements 7 groups / 8 elements 11 groups / 15 elements
\# of diaphragm blades 8 9 8
Closest focusing distance 3 m 2.5 m 2 m 2.5 m 1.5 m
Max. magnification 0.11× 0.13× 0.18× 0.13× 0.24×
Horizontal viewing angle 6° 50\'
Vertical viewing angle 4° 35\'
Diagonal viewing angle 8° 15\'
Physical data
Weight 2.855 kg 2.550 kg 2.400 kg 1.165 kg 1.190 kg
Maximum diameter 128 mm 90 mm
Length 252 mm 248 mm 221 mm
Filter diameter 48 mm drop-in 52 mm drop-in 77 mm
Retail information
Release date November 1987 July 1999 August 2010 December 1991 March 1997
Currently in production? No No No No
MSRP \$ \$3,499 \$4,879 \$6,099 \$1,199 \$1,349
## The 300mm f/1.8 {#the_300mm_f1.8}
In addition to the above lenses, Canon made an even faster lens, the EF PE 300mm `{{f/}}`{=mediawiki}1.8, specifically for photo finishes in horse races. According to one racing photographer, Canon made only four of these lenses, making it even less common than the famously rare EF 1200mm lens. Not only is this lens exceptionally rare, very little information about it is available online; the company\'s online Canon Camera Museum does not list this lens
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# 2-Hydroxybutyric acid
**2-Hydroxybutyric acid**, is a hydroxybutyric acid with the hydroxyl group on the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl. It is a chiral compound having two enantiomers, D-2-hydroxybutyric acid and L-2-hydroxybutyric acid. Its conjugate base is known as ***alpha*-hydroxybutyrate** and **α-hydroxybutyrate**.
(R)-2-Hydroxybutanic Acid Structural Formula V1.svg\|`{{smallcaps|d}}`{=mediawiki}-2-hydroxybutyric acid\|alt=Molecular diagram of 2-hydroxybutyric acid, with the central alcohol carbon labeled \"(R)\" (S)-2-Hydroxybutanic Acid Structural Formula V1.svg\|`{{smallcaps|l}}`{=mediawiki}-2-hydroxybutyric acid\|alt=Molecular diagram of 2-hydroxybutyric acid, with the central alcohol carbon labeled \"(S)\"
2-Hydroxybutyrate, the conjugate base of 2-hydroxybutyric acid, is produced in mammalian tissues (principally hepatic) that catabolize L-threonine or synthesize glutathione. Oxidative stress or detoxification demands can dramatically increase the rate of hepatic glutathione synthesis. Under such metabolic stress conditions, supplies of L-cysteine for glutathione synthesis become limiting, so homocysteine is diverted from the transmethylation pathway forming methionine into the transsulfuration pathway forming cystathionine. 2-Hydroxybutyrate is released as a byproduct when cystathionine is cleaved to cysteine that is incorporated into glutathione. Chronic shifts in the rate of glutathione synthesis may be reflected by urinary excretion of 2-hydroxybutyrate.
α-hydroxybutyrate may be useful as an early indicator of insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects. Moreover, elevated serum α-hydroxybutyrate predicts worsening glucose tolerance
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# Kingsley Hunter
**Kingsley Hunter** (born 27 May 1975) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League between 1995 and 2003.
He started his AFL career with the Fremantle Football Club in their inaugural year after being the leading goalkicker for WAFL team Claremont in 1994. He started slowly with Fremantle, playing only three goalless games in 1995, but impressed in 1996 by kicking the most goals for Fremantle and being awarded an AFL rising star nomination in round 14. The following year saw a continuation of his good goalkicking form, with a second consecutive goalkicking award for Fremantle, including a career-best 7 goals in a 100-point loss against Collingwood.
Despite kicking a goal in each of his 11 games in 1998, he was traded to the Western Bulldogs for the 1999 season. At the Bulldogs he often played in the backline and had three successful seasons between 2000 and 2002. In 2003 he went to Hawthorn but only managed 2 games before announcing his retirement from AFL football.
He returned to the WAFL in 2004, but switched to East Fremantle, rather than returning to Claremont before retiring from professional football at the end of 2005.
Kingsley was awarded the official AFL Goal of the Year for 2000 with a running goal which began in the defensive 50
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# North Mole Lighthouse
The **North Mole Lighthouse** began operation in 1906 at the entrance to Fremantle Harbour in Western Australia.
The occulting red light, emitted from a fixed lightsource at a focal plane height of 15 m above sea level, is visible for 11 mi and indicates the westernmost point of the harbour and its entrance. The lighthouse established permanent service from 1906; after the mole\'s foundations had settled a temporary lighting arrangement there was discharged. The light originally planned for the house was found to be too powerful and was sent to Broome for the steel lighthouse at Gantheume Point. The lighthouse and its technically identical yet green coloured partner on the south mole are the last remaining of their type. It has an \'indicative place\' status of the Register of the National Estate and is a well-known landmark to seamen visiting the port.
It was designed by C. Y. O\'Connor, an engineer responsible for the construction of Fremantle Harbour and who advanced the proposal of the Goldfields Water Supply Scheme. The 15 m tower is made of cast iron, painted red and features classical decorations.
It is located at the end of North Mole Drive. The position is a well used recreational fishing spot and a vantage point for ocean yacht racing and birdwatching.
In June in 1927 and July 1935, severe storms were recorded affecting the moles but not seriously damaging the lighthouses
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# In Too Deep (Jenny Morris song)
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 77, column 1):
unexpected '{'
{{single chart|Australia|11|artist=Belinda Carlisle|song=In Too Deep}}
^
``
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# Trans European Airways
**Trans European Airways**, usually referred to by its initials **TEA**, was a Belgian airline that operated from 1971 to 1991. It had its head office in Building 117 on the grounds of Melsbroek Airport in Steenokkerzeel, Belgium.
## History
TEA was founded in October 1970 by the Belgian tour operator TIFA and George P. Gutelman. In 1971 inclusive tour flights commenced with a used Boeing 720. The airline initially acquired a fleet of second-hand Boeing 707 and Boeing 720 aircraft.
In the early 1970s TEA became the first airline to order an Airbus and subsequently operated the only Airbus A300B1 variant to be used in public service - distinguished by its shorter fuselage and lack of slats - until its retirement in November 1990.
The airline expanded, operating a second Airbus A300 for a while and started to acquire Boeing 737-200 aircraft. It later acquired Belgian tour operator SunSnacks, which it had helped to form in 1976, and created a subsidiary, TEAMCO (Trans European Airways Maintenance Company) to handle maintenance of its own aircraft and those of other operators, both civil and military.
The company was involved in Operation Moses in 1984-1985, and then started to expand rapidly during the late 1980s, forming subsidiaries in the United Kingdom (TEA-UK), France (TEA-FRANCE), Italy (TEA-ITALY) and Switzerland (TEA-BASEL), but the global economic downturn in the early nineties, partly as a result of the Gulf War, caused it to go out of business on 27 September 1991.
Following its failure, parts of the group gave rise to successor airlines: European Airlines and EuroBelgian Airlines (the later Virgin Express) were formed, and the management of the UK subsidiary, who had previously managed Orion Airways went on to form Excalibur Airways. TEA Switzerland continued to trade successfully, and was eventually purchased by easyJet in 1997 and became easyJet Switzerland. Georges Gutelman later went on to found CityBird, which also failed in the aviation slump that followed the September 11 attacks in 2001
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# 2003 Bermudian general election
General elections were held in Bermuda on 24 July 2003. The result was a victory for the Progressive Labour Party, which won 22 of the 36 seats in the House of Assembly.
## Electoral system {#electoral_system}
The 36 members of the House of Assembly were elected from single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting
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# Chantyal language
**Chhantyal** is spoken by approximately 2,000 of the 10,000 ethnic Chhantyal in Nepal. Chhantyal is spoken in the Kali Gandaki River valley of Myagdi District; there are also ethnic Chantel in Baglung District (*Ethnologue*).
The Chhantyal language is a member of the Tamangic group (along with Gurung, Thakali, Manangba, Nar-Phu and Tamang) of the Sino-Tibetan family. Within its group, it is lexically and grammatically closest to Thakali
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# Triga Films
**Triga Films** is a UK film company specialising in gay porn. Early pioneers of chav, scally, \"straight lad\" and working class gay films, the company started in 1997 with the release of its first film entitled *Skinhead*, a mildly erotic documentary about the British skinhead phenomenon and its links to gay working class culture, or gay skinheads. The company also made a lesbian release entitled *Dolly Birds* in 1999, before specialising entirely in gay male products.
As the company has evolved, the narrative of their films has centred on many typical working-class professions such as construction workers, \"white-van-men\", removal men and those in uniform, whilst others have featured story-lines which portray a world set around \'hooligans\', gangsters and disenfranchised urban unemployed men.
As well as winning and being nominated for a number of industry awards and accolades from the LGBT media, such as Gay Times, and the Prowler Porn Awards, Triga has become one of the most prolific gay studios in the UK, with several releases every year. Under the direction of Triga, in 2014 the studio gave birth to a new production team in the guise of SkinBoss Films produced by adult star Daniel Walton
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# Costanera Norte
**Costanera Norte** (*Northern bank road*) is a 43 km privatized expressway (*autopista urbana*) in Chile, connecting northern Santiago from east to west, along the northern bank of the Mapocho River, using an electronic toll collection system. It was inaugurated on 12 April 2005.
The expressway connects Santiago\'s wealthiest districts with the downtown and the airport
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# 2007 Bermudian general election
General elections were held in Bermuda on 18 December 2007 to elect all 36 members of the House of Assembly. The incumbent Progressive Labour Party (PLP) led by Ewart Brown was returned for a third term, with 22 of the 36 seats of the House of Assembly, with the opposition United Bermuda Party (UBP) winning the remaining 14 seats.
## Background
Bermuda gained internal self government with the introduction of a constitution in 1968 and for the first 30 years afterwards the United Bermuda Party was in power. Their domination was broken by defeat in the 1998 election leading to the Progressive Labour Party winning government for the first time. The PLP government was returned at the 2003 election, winning 22 seats compared to 14 seats for the United Bermuda Party.
Bermuda remains a British overseas territory; independence was rejected in a referendum in 1995. However, in 2004 the then Premier of Bermuda, called for a debate on independence to take place.
Ewart Brown became Premier in October 2006, defeating the incumbent, William Alexander Scott, in a contest for the leadership of PLP, while in March 2007 Michael Dunkley became leader of the opposition United Bermuda Party, ousting Wayne Furbert.
## Campaign
On 2 November 2007, Premier Brown announced that the election would be held on 18 December. Both main parties put up 36 candidates and there were two independent candidates. Altogether 42,337 people were registered to vote with each constituency having about 1,100 voters. An opinion poll in the summer had put the UBP on 40%, the PLP on 34% and 26% undecided. Analysts saw 7 of the 36 seats as likely to be close.
The incumbent PLP campaigned on the basis of their record where they said they had increased tourism and attracted development to Bermuda. They pledged that they would introduce free day care, bus and ferry transportation if they were re-elected. With Bermuda having a population that was 60% of African descent, the PLP said that votes for the UBP were a vote for white people. They used the example of two black people who had left the UBP earlier in the year after saying that the white elite was still in control of the party.
The election was seen as being partly contested on the performance of Premier Brown. The UBP described him as a polarizing figure and accused him of being involved in corruption. A police dossier had alleged there was corruption in the public housing corporation, but prosecutors said they could not find any evidence of illegality. The PLP, however, described their leader as \"the man who gets things done\".
The UBP criticised the PLP for having failed to create enough affordable housing and for their plans for enforcing racial equality in the workplace. A former UBP premier said that the PLP\'s plan to fine companies if they did not promote black people to senior posts could drive away many expatriates and companies from Bermuda. The UBP said that, if they were elected, they would give Bermudian status to everyone who had lived in Bermuda for more than 20 years, which the PLP said would be a mistake which could lead to 8,000 more Bermudians.
Also at issue in the election was both parties\' policies over independence for Bermuda. Premier Brown was in favour of independence but his party said that this was just a long-term goal and that they would not use the election as the basis for a push for independence. The UBP said that they would hold a referendum if they won the election and said that Bermuda should not become independent unless there was clear support in a referendum. An opinion poll in 2007 had shown that around two-thirds of Bermudians were opposed to independence.
The campaign lasted six weeks, the longest ever in Bermuda, and was seen as being very bitter. Polls showed the election was tight with analysts saying that they expected the result to be close. During the campaign there was an incident when someone attempted to mail a bullet to Premier Brown, but it was intercepted by a postal worker, which led both parties to try to calm the campaign down.
## Results
The results of the election saw no change from the 2003 election with the Progressive Labour Party still winning 22 seats and the United Bermuda Party 14 seats. The leader of the United Bermuda Party, Michael Dunkley, failed to win election in Smith\'s North losing by 444 votes to 536. He had given up his safe seat of Devonshire East to try to overturn the United Bermuda Party\'s deficit by winning a marginal seat
| 777 |
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# Seventh Development Cabinet
The **Seventh Development Cabinet** (*Kabinet Pembangunan VII*) was the Indonesian cabinet which served under President Suharto and Vice President B. J. Habibie from 16 March 1998 to 21 May 1998. The term of this cabinet was supposed to end in March 2003, but due to student demonstrations and mass riots in 1998 due to the economic crisis that hit Indonesia, which led to Soeharto\'s resignation from his position on 21 May 1998 and the appointment of Vice President B. J. Habibie as the new president, this cabinet became a resigned cabinet. As its replacement, the Indonesian government was continued by the Development Reform Cabinet .
The cabinet was formed in the midst of the Asian financial crisis and after Suharto was elected to a 7th term as president by the People\'s Consultative Assembly (MPR). It was a controversial cabinet where Suharto displayed his nepotism by appointing Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana as Minister of Social Affairs and gave Bob Hasan, a crony, the position of Minister of Industry and Trade. When things went out of control in May 1998, Suharto tried to reshuffle the cabinet, but the rejection of 14 ministers to be part of the reshuffled cabinet became one of the reasons why Suharto chose to resign from the presidency.
## The four cabinet aims {#the_four_cabinet_aims}
Whilst announcing the cabinet, Suharto also announced its aims.
- **Development trilogy**: Consisting of national stability, economic growth, and equity as the tried and tested basis of the policy of development.
- **Self-reliance**: Letting the nation go from reliance on other entities to self-confidence in the nation\'s own abilities, and having the capability to face the unpredictableness of globalization.
- **National resilience**: national resilience will grow out of self-reliance, togetherness, and familial spirit. This will consist of skill and strength of the Nation in facing challenges and threats.
- **Unity and oneness**: The two elements will strengthen national resilience and will ensure the continuity of livelihood as a nation, state, and people with the 1945 Constitution and Pancasila as its basis.
## President and vice president {#president_and_vice_president}
President
----------- --
Suharto
## Coordinating ministers {#coordinating_ministers}
- Coordinating Minister of Politics and Security: Gen. (ret.) Feisal Tanjung
- Coordinating Minister of Economics, Finance, and Industry/Chairman of the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS): Ginandjar Kartasasmita
- Coordinating Minister of People\'s Welfare and Abolition of Poverty/Chairman of Planned Families National Coordinating Body (BKKBN): Haryono Suyono
- Coordinating Minister of Development Supervision and State Apparatus Utilization: Hartarto Sastrosoenarto
## Departmental ministers {#departmental_ministers}
- Minister of Home Affairs: Gen. (ret.) Hartono
- Minister of Foreign Affairs: Ali Alatas
- Minister of Defense and Security/Commander of ABRI: Gen. Wiranto
- Minister of Justice: Muladi
- Minister of Information: Alwi Dahlan
- Minister of Finance: Fuad Bawazier
- Minister of Industry and Trade: Bob Hasan
- Minister of Mines and Energy: Kuntoro Mangkusubroto
- Minister of Forestry and Plantation: Sumahadi
- Minister of Agriculture: Sjarifuddin Baharsjah
- Minister of Transportation: Giri Suseno Hadi Hardjono
- Minister of Cooperatives and Small Business: Subiyakto Tjakrawerdaya
- Minister of Manpower: Theo L. Sambuaga
- Minister of Public Works: Rachmadi Bambang Sumadhijo
- Minister of Transmigration and Forest Settlement: Lt. Gen. (ret.) AM Hendropriyono
- Minister of Education and Culture: Wiranto Arismunandar
- Minister of Tourism, Arts, and Culture: Abdul Latief
- Minister of Health: Farid Anfasa Moeloek
- Minister of Religious Affairs: Quraish Shihab
- Minister of Social Affairs: Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana
## State ministers {#state_ministers}
- State Minister/State Secretary: Saadilah Mursyid
- State Minister of Research and Technology/Chairman of the Research and Implementation of Technology Board (BPPT): Rahardi Ramelan
- State Minister of Investment/Chairman of the Investment Coordinating Body (BKPM): Sanyoto Sastrowardoyo
- State Minister of Stateowned Enterprises: Tanri Abeng
- State Minister of Agrarian Affairs/Chairman of the National Land Body (BPN): Ary Mardjono
- State Minister of Housing: Akbar Tanjung
- State Minister of Environment/Chairman of the Relief Effort and Containment of Environmental Disasters (BAPPEDAL): Juwono Sudarsono
- State Minister of Foodstuffs, Horticulture, and Medicines: Haryanto Dhanutirto
- State Minister of Youth and Sports: Agung Laksono
- State Minister of Female Empowerment: Tutty Alawiyah
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# Seventh Development Cabinet
## Officials with ministerial rank {#officials_with_ministerial_rank}
- Governor of Bank Indonesia: Syahril Sabirin
- Attorney General: Sudjono C. Atmanegara
## Changes
- 16 May 1998: Abdul Latief resigned from his position as Minister of Tourism, Arts, and Culture. He was never replaced
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# Vitosha, Sofia
**Vitosha** (*Витоша* `{{IPA|bg|ˈvitoʃɐ|}}`{=mediawiki}) is one of the 24 districts of Sofia, situated in the southern parts of the City on the foot of the Vitosha mountain. As of 2006 it has 42,953 inhabitants. The district includes 7 neighbourhoods: Boyana, Simeonovo, Dragalevtsi, Pavlovo, Buxton, Manastirski Livadi, and Knyazhevo as well as two villages Vladaya and Marchaevo. It is among the richest and greenest districts in Sofia and Bulgaria with many beautiful residences, houses, villas and residential complexes.
## Landmarks
- National Historical Museum which is among the most important European museums with rich collection dating from prehistorical ages to modern day. Among the most precious items are several splendid Thracian treasures, fine church plates, ancient manuscripts and many others. It is part of the 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria.
- Boyana Church dating back to the 9-10th century with magnificent 13th-century frescoes. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and part of the 100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria.
- Boyana Waterfall, a 15 m high waterfall.
- Dragalevtsi Monastery, built under Ivan Alexander.
- Knyazhevo mineral springs, with a temperature of 31°C
## Education
There are 8 schools and 7 *chitalishta* (something like a library) with 102,000 volumes.
The Lycée Français Victor Hugo, a French international school, is in the Maxi Complex in Vitosha.
## Gallery
Image:Knyazhevo Church TodorBozhinov.jpg\|Church in Knyazhevo Image:Boyana Church E1
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# Runje Shaw
**Runje Shaw** (1896--1975), also known as **Shao Zuiweng** (C.W. Shaw) and **Shao Renjie**, was a Chinese film entrepreneur, producer and director. The eldest of the Shaw brothers, in 1925 he founded Tianyi Film Company (also called Unique Film Productions) in Shanghai, which became one of the top three film production companies in pre-WWII Republic of China, and the beginning of the Shaw Brothers media empire.
Under Runje\'s leadership, his younger brothers Runde, Runme, and Run Run established branches of Tianyi in Hong Kong and Singapore. Runje retired from filmmaking after Tianyi\'s Shanghai base was destroyed in 1937 during the Japanese invasion, but his younger brothers, particularly Sir Run Run, rebuilt Tianyi\'s offshoots in Hong Kong and Singapore, of which Shaw Brothers Studio came to dominate filmmaking in Hong Kong.
## Early life {#early_life}
Shaw was born in 1896 in Zhenhai, Ningbo city, Zhejiang. His birth name was **Shao Tongzhang** (邵同章) and Renjie (仁傑) was his courtesy name. After founding Tianyi, he went by the *hao* Zuiweng (醉翁, literally \"Drunken Man\"). He was the oldest of six sons of Shao Yuxuan (or Shaw Yuh Hsuen, `{{zh|t=邵玉軒|link=no}}`{=mediawiki}; 1866--1921), owner of the Shanghai textile firm Jin Tai Chang (錦泰昌).
In 1914 Shaw graduated from Shanghai\'s Shenzhou University with a law degree and worked as a lawyer for the local court of Shanghai. He later went into business, trading textile dyes, silk, paper, etc. He also cofounded the Sino-French Zhenye Bank (中法振業銀行) with several partners and started Huayou Egg Factory, before getting into the theatre business.
## Film career {#film_career}
*Main article: Tianyi Film Company* In early 1922, Shaw managed the theatre Xiao Wutai (Happy Stage or Laughter Stage) in Shanghai. Among his colleagues were Zhang Shichuan, Zheng Zhengqiu and Zhou Jianyun, who co-founded Mingxing Film Company. In 1923 Mingxing released the film *Orphan Rescues Grandfather* to great commercial success. Inspired by his former colleagues, Shaw established Tianyi Film Company (also known as Unique) in 1925. He served as general manager and director, while his younger brothers Runde Shaw (Shao Cunren) and Runme Shaw (Shao Renmei) managed accounting and distribution. The youngest brother, Run Run Shaw (Shao Yifu), did odd jobs for the company.
Tianyi\'s first film, *A Change of Heart*, directed by Runje Shaw himself and released in 1925, was highly profitable. A shrewd businessman who understood the audiences\' preferences, Shaw was one of the first Chinese filmmakers to make extensive use of traditional literature, legends, and myths. Tianyi made highly successful genre films, including costume drama, swordplay, and gods and ghosts, inspiring numerous imitations from other studios. The studio\'s 1925 film *Swordswoman Li Feifei* is considered the earliest Chinese martial arts film.
In 1926, Tianyi released two highly successful costume dramas: *The Lovers* (*Liang Zhu Tongshi*, based on the legend of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai), and *White Snake* (based on the eponymous legend), both directed by Shaw. In addition to success in the domestic market, *White Snake* also became the most successful Chinese film in Southeast Asia.
Under Shaw\'s leadership, Tianyi was one of the first filmmakers to take the leap from silent films to sound. In 1931, Shaw produced *A Singer\'s Story*, one of the earliest Chinese sound films, directed by Li Pingqian. Unlike other major studios, which produced politically charged, socially conscious leftist films, Tianyi mainly focussed on making apolitical \"entertainment\" films. By the 1930s, Tianyi had become one of the top Chinese film studios, along with Mingxing and Lianhua.
Besides Shanghai, Shaw also established business operations in Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Just before the Japanese invasion of Shanghai in August 1937, Tianyi shipped its equipment to Hong Kong, and amalgamated the main operation with its Hong Kong branch, Nanyang Studio. Its studio in Shanghai was destroyed when the Japanese occupied the city, and Shaw closed Tianyi.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Runje Shaw was married to actress Chen Yumei, who became Tianyi\'s number one star after Hu Die defected to rival Mingxing Studio in 1928. In 1934, Chen Yumei was voted the \"Movie Queen\" by the Shanghai newspaper \"Movie Life\", likely with the help of Shaw, who reportedly bought many of the votes. However, in the same year Chen married Shaw and retired from acting.
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# Runje Shaw
## Retirement
After World War II and the Communist victory in mainland China, Runje Shaw retired from the film industry and stayed in Shanghai. His younger brothers, meanwhile, rebuilt their businesses in Singapore and Hong Kong. Under Run Run Shaw\'s leadership, Shaw Brothers Studio became Hong Kong\'s largest and most influential film production company. After the founding of the People\'s Republic of China, Runje Shaw served as a member of the Shanghai Chinese People\'s Political Consultative Conference. He died in Shanghai in 1975, aged 80
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# Gavelkind in Ireland
Under Brehon law, **gavelkind**, a form of partible inheritance, was the system of land inheritance. The Normans called the Irish inheritance law the name *gavelkind* because of its apparent similarity to Jute inheritance in Kent.
## The law {#the_law}
Upon the death of a landholder, his land was divided equally among his sons. The sons of concubines, if accepted by the father as being his sons, had the same rights of inheritance as their legitimately-born brothers. The adopted sons of the landholder, if any, could also receive a share of his lands only if the landholder had made specific and public provision before his death, and the extent of land thus received by an adopted son was not necessarily equal to that received by the landholder\'s own sons.
While sons received equal shares of the land, the father often prescribed the division by stating which parcel of land was to go to which son. Another known custom was for the youngest son to divide the land into equal parts and for his brothers to choose their parcels. The eldest chose first, followed by the second and so on until the youngest had received the remaining land.
The purpose of the system was to ensure equitable division of the land.
If a land-holder had no sons, his widow and unwed daughters, if any, would collectively hold a life interest on the entire land. Their rights on the produce of the land would lapse upon their marriage or death, as the case may be. Upon the last such lapse of usufruct, the land would devolve upon the agnatic kin of the last male landholder.
## Queen Anne\'s law {#queen_annes_law}
In 1703, in the reign of Queen Anne, a law was enacted (2 Anne c. 6 (I)) by the Irish parliament, which is commonly known as the *Gavelkind Act*. The law made sectarian affiliation a primary determinant of the inheritance of land. When a Catholic died, his estate would normally be divided equally among his sons. However, an eldest son who converted to the Protestant faith would inherit all of the land alone, and all of his Catholic brothers would be disinherited. The law was intended to put land into the hands of Protestants and to reduce the size and therefore the influence of Catholic landed estates
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# Chambersburg, Greencastle and Waynesboro Street Railway
The **Chambersburg, Greencastle & Waynesboro Street Railway**, now defunct, was an American railroad of south central Pennsylvania built in the 19th and 20th centuries.
## Origins
Tracks were first laid in Greencastle in 1903, with operations beginning in December along Baltimore Street and Carlisle Street. The line was extended to Shady Grove by 1906 and Chambersburg in 1908. A line from Waynesboro met the Greencastle line at Shady Grove. The Waynesboro line was extended to Pen Mar and Blue Ridge Summit. The Pen Mar line was noted for its steep grades and sharp curves.
The CG&W met the Hagerstown Railway, later the Hagerstown & Frederick Railway (H&F) at Shady Grove next to the current post office. Since the H&F was `{{RailGauge|ussg|al=on}}`{=mediawiki}, there could be no exchange of equipment.
\"Union Station\" was the junction of the Greencastle and Waynesboro trolley lines and the Hagerstown line in Shady Grove. The Hagerstown line approached Shady Grove from the south and ended along the east side of the building which is now the Shady Grove post office where it met the Greencastle and Waynesboro lines. The \"Union Station\" ticket office and building was a small white building right beside and on the east side of the Hagerstown tracks.
Because of the broad gauge, it could not carry rail freight, so it was denied a revenue source available to standard gauge systems. Service on most of the system ended on July 31, 1928. The Rouzerville-Chambersburg section finally ended service on January 13, 1932, a victim of the Depression and the automobile.
## Gauge
The CG&W used a `{{RailGauge|5'2.5"}}`{=mediawiki} broad gauge, similar to other Pennsylvania interurban lines
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# Frits Schuitema
**Frits Schuitema** (October 1, 1944 in Goes) is a Dutch former chairman of Philips and football director. Between 2006 and 2010, Schuitema served as the chairman of the board of directors of PSV Eindhoven. In October 2006 he took over the position from Rob Westerhof.
In 1978, Schuitema was taken hostage in San Salvador, along with two British bankers and a Japanese businessman, by a leftist guerrilla group known as the Armed Force of National Resistance (FARN). He was released unharmed by his kidnappers after 36 days in captivity.
Schuitema has been involved with PSV Eindhoven since 1990. First as president of the \'Foundation PSV Football\', later as member of the board of directors.
In April 2007 he had a conflict with PSV manager Ronald Koeman about the lack of support Koeman had from the board and especially Schuitema. He declared that this conflict was exaggerated in the press, although Koeman disagreed. This conflict will influence the position of Ronald Koeman, as he said in an interview with Tien
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# California (Belinda Carlisle song)
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{{single chart|UK|31|song=California|artist=Belinda Carlisle|date=1997-03-01|artistid=4238}}
^
``
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# Metropolis (Anatolia)
**Metropolis** (*Μητρόπολις*) is a classical city situated in western Turkey near Yeniköy village in Torbali municipality - approximately 40 km SE of İzmir. Occupation at the site Bademgediği Tepe goes back to the Neolithic period. In the Late Bronze Age, the city was known under the Hittites as Puranda. Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman periods are well represented at the site.
It is often referred to as the \"City of the Mother Goddess\".
## History
The earliest known settlement at the site is from the Neolithic showing evidence of contact and influence with the Troy I littoral culture.
### Late Bronze Age {#late_bronze_age}
The city seems to be referred to as Puranda in the Annals of Mursilis II which described his invasion of Arzawa in the late 14th century BC. According to the Annals, after Mursili conquered the capital of Arzawa, Apasas (later Ephesus) which was located some 30 km to the southwest, Hursanassan, Surudan, and Attarimman refugees fled to Puranda. The prince of Arzawa, Tapalazunauli, who had fled to the islands during the invasion, entered Puranda to lead the resistance, but Mursili took Puranda and Tapalazunauli fled with his family.
Mycenaean remains are also found. Bademgedigi Tepe is the archaeological site in the area with large amounts of local Mycenaean pottery, ranging from the 14th to 12th century BC, and later. A Mycenaean-age representation of a ship on a vase from Bademgediği Tepe is an important find that casts light on the development of ship technology and iconography on ceramic vessels.
### Hellenistic Period {#hellenistic_period}
Metropolis was a part of the Hellenistic kingdom of Pergamum and during this period the city reached a zenith of cultural and economic life. A temple dedicated to the war god Ares, one of only two known such temples, has been located at this site.
The city was noted by numerous classical authors including Strabo and Ptolemy, and described as a town in the Caystrian plain in Lydia, on the road from Smyrna to Ephesus, at a distance of 120 stadia from Ephesus, and 180 from Smyrna. Strabo relates that the district of Metropolis produced excellent wine. The town was still noted by Byzantine authors such as Stephanus of Byzantium and Hierocles.
What is visible today is primarily a Hellenistic city heavily Romanised, and with Byzantine remains laid across it -- a church to the east of the city, and fortification walls laid across the city that connect to the Hellenistic defenses on the Acropolis.
## Excavations
The city was first investigated through archaeological field work from 1972 by Professor Recep Meriç from the Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir. Metropolis has been excavated since 1989.
In 1995, archaeologists discovered a Hellenistic marble seat of honor with griffins in the Ancient Theatre. The original seat of honor is displayed at the İzmir Archeological Museum and a replica has been placed at the theatre.
In June 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of a well-preserved 1,800-year-old marble statue of a woman standing on a pedestal in Torbalı district. The head and two arms of the statue were missing
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# Torkom Manoogian
Patriarch **Torkom Manoogian** (*Թորգոմ Մանուկեան*; 16 February 1919 -- 12 October 2012) was the Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem serving the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem. He was the 96th in a succession of Armenian Patriarchs of Jerusalem, succeeding Patriarch Yeghishe Derderian (1960--1990).
## Early life {#early_life}
Manoogian was born on February 16, 1919, in a refugee camp near the desert town of Baquba, north of Baghdad, Iraq. After completing elementary education at the Holy Translators Armenian School in Baghdad, he entered the theological seminary of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem. At the time he entered, he was the youngest student of his class.
On August 2, 1936, he was ordained into the diaconate by his spiritual father and teacher, the late Patriarch, Archbishop Torkom Koushagian. At his ordination as a priest on July 23, 1939, he was given the name Torkom.
## Priesthood
From 1939 to 1946 he served in various capacities in the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, on the board of the patriarchate\'s periodical and official organ, *Sion*, and also as sub-dean at the seminary. In July 1946 he traveled to the United States and took up the pastorate of the Holy Trinity Armenian Church in North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This pastorate was interrupted in 1951 when he was named as Vicar General of the Eastern Diocese of Armenian Church of America, in New York, by the primate of the diocese.
After resuming his pastorate in North Philadelphia for one year in 1954, Father Torkom returned to Jerusalem, where he became dean of the seminary. As dean of the seminary of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, he assumed responsibility for the religious education of young seminarians preparing for the priesthood. He also headed the chancellery of the patriarchate.
He returned to the United States in 1960, and entered the Episcopal Theological School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to follow a course of graduate study. This study was interrupted when in 1962 he was elected as Primate and Bishop of the Western Diocese of the Armenian Church of America located in Los Angeles. The diocese is under the jurisdiction of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin.
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# Torkom Manoogian
## Bishop and Archbishop {#bishop_and_archbishop}
On October 14, 1962, he was consecrated a bishop at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, Armenia, by Vazgen I, the Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians. After four years as Primate of the Western Diocese, in April 1966, Bishop Torkom was elected Primate of the Eastern Diocese of the Armenian Church of America located in New York.
He played a pivotal role in the construction of St. Vartan Cathedral in New York, the first Armenian cathedral in America. At the occasion of the consecration of St. Vartan Cathedral, in 1968, Vazken I conferred upon Bishop Torkom the title of archbishop. He served six consecutive terms as Primate of the Eastern Diocese of the Armenian Church of America for 24 consecutive years, from 1966 till 1990.
He acquired several academic honors, including an honorary doctorate granted by the General Theological Seminary in Manhattan, New York. In 1986 he was the recipient of two prestigious American medals: the Medal of the Statue of Liberty Medal, and the Ellis Island Medal of Honor. On January 18, 1990, the 50th anniversary of his ordination was marked as an event celebrated nationwide in the United States. In 1990, he was also chosen as \"Man of the Year\" by the \"Religion in American Life\" organization.
He played a vital role in the promotion of international ecumenical relations. He has served on the National Council of Churches. He also served as a chairman of the board of \"Religion in American Life\". He became also a member of the board of directors of the \"Appeal of Conscience Foundation\".
In the aftermath of the devastating Armenian earthquake in December 1988 he coordinated international efforts to mobilize financial and material support to assist Armenians, leading him to co-found the Fund for Armenian Relief together with neurosurgeon Edgar Housepian and builder Kevork Hovnanian.
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# Torkom Manoogian
## Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem {#armenian_patriarch_of_jerusalem}
After consecutive 24 years of service in Eastern Diocese, Manoogian was elected 96th Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem on March, 22. 1990.
When the late Catholicos Vazgen I died on August 19, 1994, Archbishop Torkom was chosen to take responsibility for the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin as the Catholical Locum Tenens, a capacity in which he served until the election of the new Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Armenians Karekin I in April 1995.
### Declining health and death {#declining_health_and_death}
On January 19, 2012, Patriarch Torkom Manoogian was rushed to Hadassah Hospital, with septic shock due to pneumonia. One day after his admission he suffered from cardiac and pulmonary arrest (the heart stopped working because of the severe infection in the lungs that could permit neither oxygenation nor ventilation) and lost consciousness.
On March 14, 2012, Patriarch Torkom Manoogian was transferred to the Franciscan Fathers Infirmary in Jerusalem. In an interview with Archbishop Aris Shirvanian, published on April 11, 2012, Shirvanian stated that, \"The Patriarch\'s condition is grave. He has come out of coma, however remains unconscious and unable to speak. He has lost his ability to speak because his brain was seriously damaged.\"
Since January 30, 2012, the Grand Sacristan Archbishop Nourhan Manougian was officially assigned to take upon him the tasks of Patriarch.
On October 12, 2012, Patriarch Torkom Manoogian died due to a blood infection caused by a severe pressure bed-sore. He was 93. His official burial ceremony was held in Jerusalem on October 22, 2012. On October 19, Archbishop Aris Shirvanian was elected Locum Tenens, until the election of the new Patriarch.
On January 24, 2013, Archbishop Nourhan Manougian was elected as the 97th Armenian Patriarch of Jerusalem. Within the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Patriarch of Jerusalem is autonomous, and the Patriarchate holds its own jurisdiction.
## Legacy
Manoogian was a musician, a choral conductor, composer, poet and writer. He published more than 20 books and monographs including three books of poetry under the pen name \"Shen Mah\". His work includes original research on the Armenian liturgy, books on the Armenian genocide, and a detailed guide book of the holy places of Jerusalem. He translated into Armenian the 154 sonnets of William Shakespeare.
He was an expert and lecturer on the Armenian composer Komitas, publishing a study of his liturgical music as well as several essays related to his musicological work
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# Mount Sequoyah
**Mount Sequoyah** is a mountain in the Great Smoky Mountains, located in the Southeastern United States. It has an elevation of 6,003 ft above sea level. While the Appalachian Trail crosses its summit, Sequoyah is an 11.5 mi hike from the nearest parking lot, making it one of the most remote places in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
The Tennessee-North Carolina border traverses Mount Sequoyah, with Sevier County to the north and Swain County to the south. The mountain consists of four small peaks, with the easternmost being the true (highest) summit. Sequoyah rises approximately 1500 ft above its southern base along Left Fork Creek and approximately 3500 ft above its northern base along the Little Pigeon River. Part of the headwaters of the Little Pigeon accumulate along Sequoyah\'s northern slope.
Mount Sequoyah is named after the inventor of the Cherokee alphabet. While it\'s doubtful that Sequoyah ever visited the mountain, numerous Cherokee villages dotted the base of the southeastern Smokies when European settlers arrived in the early 18th century. Arnold Guyot crossed Mount Sequoyah on his survey of the Smokies crest in the late 1850s. Guyot referred to the mountain as \"The Three Brothers\", and measured its elevation at 5945 ft. The mountain rarely saw a human presence until a segment of the Appalachian Trail was constructed across its summit in 1935.
The summit of Mount Sequoyah is among the most distant summits traversed by a trail in the Great Smokies. Following the Appalachian Trail from Newfound Gap, Mount Sequoyah is 13.1 mi to the east. From the Cosby Campground, Sequoyah can be reached by following the Snake Den Ridge Trail 5.3 mi to its junction with the Appalachian Trail, and then following the latter 3.7 mi to Tricorner Knob, crossing Old Black and Mount Guyot along the way. From Tricorner, Mount Sequoyah is 2.5 mi to the southwest, just beyond Mount Chapman. The Hughes Ridge Trail, which connects the Appalachian Trail and the Benton MacKaye Trail, terminates just over 2 mi southwest of Sequoyah
| 340 |
Mount Sequoyah
| 0 |
11,018,787 |
# Ulerythema
**Ulerythema** means \"scar plus redness,\" and refers to several different cutaneous conditions, including atrophoderma vermiculatum and keratosis pilaris atrophicans faciei
| 22 |
Ulerythema
| 0 |
11,018,798 |
# Bill Piercy
**William Benton Piercy** (May 2, 1896 -- August 28, 1951), born in El Monte, California, was a pitcher for the New York Yankees (1917 and 1921), Boston Red Sox (1922--24) and Chicago Cubs (1926).
Piercy helped the Yankees win the 1921 American League pennant.
In 6 seasons, he had a 27--43 win--loss record, 116 games (70 started), 28 complete games, 2 shutouts, 30 games finished, `{{frac|610|2|3}}`{=mediawiki} innings pitched, 676 hits allowed, 362 runs allowed, 289 earned runs allowed, 16 home runs allowed, 268 walks allowed, 165 strikeouts, 43 hit batsmen, 21 wild pitches, 2180 batters faced, 1 balk, and a 4.26 ERA.
He died in Long Beach, California, at the age of 55
| 116 |
Bill Piercy
| 0 |
11,018,846 |
# Disused railway stations on the Exeter to Plymouth Line
There are eleven **disused railway stations on the Exeter to Plymouth line** between `{{Stnlnk|Exeter St Davids}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{Stnlnk|Plymouth Millbay}}`{=mediawiki} in Devon, England. At eight of these there are visible remains.
## Background
The South Devon Railway was opened in stages between 30 May 1846 and 2 April 1849. It was originally designed to operate on the atmospheric principle but this was not successful and was never completed beyond Newton Abbot. It was amalgamated into the Great Western Railway on 1 February 1876 and now forms part of the Exeter to Plymouth Line.
Ivybridge station (which closed in 1959) was replaced by another station on a different site in 1994. The disused stations at Exminster, Brent and Plympton have been suggested for reopening.
## Stations
### Exminster`{{Anchor|Exminster}}`{=mediawiki}
*Located at 50.6753 N 3.4828 W name=Exminster type:railwaystation_region:GB* A station was built at Exminster by George Hennet. It was opened in August 1852 and operated by him on behalf of the South Devon Railway until January 1857 when the railway company took over. An Italianate building on the west side of the single track housed a booking office and waiting room on the ground floor, with accommodation above for the station master. Hennet also operated a goods siding and coal shed at the station.
The line through Exminster was doubled in November 1859 and so a second platform for southbound (down) trains was built; passengers used the road bridge to cross to it. The siding was extended to provide a refuge for up trains in 1894, and a down refuge siding was constructed north of the bridge in 1906; these allowed slow goods trains to be overtaken.
In 1924 the facilities were greatly enlarged. A new passenger loop was laid behind the southbound platform, so now down stopping passenger trains could be overtaken while in the station. This meant that the road bridge had to be extended across the loop line with a second span. A new signal box was provided at this time. In 1931 an up platform loop was squeezed into the space between the station building and the platform and the bridge extended again. A new booking office was provided on the approach to the bridge. In 1940 the down refuge siding was converted into a loop so that goods trains could run straight in without reversing, and three loop sidings were provided behind the platform. These were originally intended to help the flow of goods traffic during the Second World War, but later became a useful place to stable empty passenger trains on busy summer Saturdays.
The station closed for passenger traffic on 30 March 1964 and for goods on 4 December 1967, although only coal traffic had been handled for the previous 27 months. The refuge sidings had already been removed by then, and the loop sidings behind the down platform converted to dead-ends. They continued to see occasional use until 1985. The signal box was closed on 14 November 1986 and was used by bird watchers for a while before being dismantled for reuse at Broadway railway station on the Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway The 1852 station building still survives.
A ten-year strategy published by the local council in November 2017 included a proposal that Exminster could reopen but in April 2020 a decision was made to prioritise a new station nearby at `{{Stnlnk|Marsh Barton}}`{=mediawiki} instead. Lack of track capacity meant that it was \'almost impossible\' to open both.
### Brent
*Located at 50.4280 N 3.8345 W name=Brent type:railwaystation_region:GB*
Brent railway station served the village of South Brent on the southern edge of Dartmoor. It was not ready when the railway was opened, but was brought into use six weeks later on 15 June 1848. On 19 December 1893 the station became a junction, with the opening of the Kingsbridge Branch Line. The branch line closed on 16 September 1963 and there was little reason for the station after that. Goods traffic was withdrawn on 6 April 1964 and to passengers on 5 October 1964. The signal box was retained until 17 December 1973 when control of the line was transferred to the power signal box at `{{Stnlnk|Plymouth}}`{=mediawiki}.
The former goods shed on the westbound (Plymouth) side is still intact. The signal box was demolished in November 2014.
### Wrangaton
*Located at 50.4044 N 3.8545 W name=Wrangaton type:railwaystation_region:GB*
The station at Wrangaton was opened with the line on 5 May 1848. At the time it was the only intermediate station between `{{Stnlnk|Totnes}}`{=mediawiki} and the temporary terminus at Laira. From 1849 to 1893 the station was known as \'Kingsbridge Road\', becoming \'Wrangaton\' once more when the Kingsbridge branch line opened.
The station was closed to passengers on 2 March 1959 but goods traffic continued to be handled until 9 September 1963. Part of the platform is still visible just west of Wrangaton Tunnel, as are the former Admiralty sidings on the north side of the line.
The signal box is now preserved as an exhibit at Kidderminster Railway Museum, adjacent to the Severn Valley Railway in Worcestershire.
| 847 |
Disused railway stations on the Exeter to Plymouth Line
| 0 |
11,018,846 |
# Disused railway stations on the Exeter to Plymouth Line
## Stations
### Bittaford Platform {#bittaford_platform}
*Located at 50.3977 N 3.8766 W name=Bittaford Platform type:railwaystation_region:GB*
An unstaffed station was opened by the Great Western Railway at Bittaford on 18 November 1907 and closed on 2 March 1959. It was situated immediately east of Bittaford Viaduct. There are no visible remains of the platform.
There were no goods facilities but Redlake Siding was opened 3/4 mi to the west on 10 September 1911. This siding served a large china clay drier which processed clay brought by pipeline from Redlake on Dartmoor; the 8 mi long, `{{RailGauge|3ft}}`{=mediawiki} gauge Redlake Tramway was used to carry materials between Redlake Siding and the clay pits.
### Ivybridge
*Located at 50.3958 N 3.9224 W name=Ivybridge type:railwaystation_region:GB*
The station at Ivybridge was not complete when the railway was opened, but was brought into use six weeks later on 15 June 1848. The building was situated on the north side of the track, immediately to the west of Ivybridge Viaduct. The line originally had just a single track but was doubled to the west on 11 June 1893 and from the far side of the viaduct to the east on 13 August 1893. A new stone viaduct to replace Isambard Kingdom Brunel\'s timber structure was brought into use in 1894 and allow the joining up of the double-track sections. This was on a new alignment which forced the construction of a new westbound (down) platform further back from the old line. The up platform was widened and this left the building set back at an odd angle to the track.
The goods shed at the station was replaced on 1 October 1911 by a new facility further west, which still survives in commercial use. In 1968 this was altered for shipping china clay brought from workings on Dartmoor by lorry. A signal box was situated on the south side of the line between the station and the goods yard from 1895 until 1973. The goods station closed on 2 November 1965 although passenger traffic had ceased from 2 March 1959. A replacement Ivybridge railway station was opened a mile away on the far side of the viaduct on 15 July 1994. The goods shed is still standing and used by a non-railway business.
### Cornwood
*Located at 50.4078 N 3.9672 W name=Cornwood type:railwaystation_region:GB*
A station was built at Cornwood by George Hennet. It was opened in 1852 and operated by him on behalf of the South Devon Railway until January 1857 when the railway company took over. Until April 1864 it was known as \'Cornwood Road\'.
An Italianate building on the north side of the single track housed a booking office and waiting room on the ground floor, with accommodation above for the station master. The line was doubled from Hemerdon to Cornwood on 14 May 1893 and a signal box was opened at the east end of the station, replacing an earlier one at the west end. This doubling required the construction of a new platform for westbound (down) trains. The double line was extended eastward to Blatchford viaduct on 19 November 1893 and a loop line was provided to the east of the platform for up trains.
The station closed on 2 March 1959 but the station building can still be seen from passing trains. The up loop was retained until 26 February 1962 and the signal box until 26 February 1963.
### Plympton
*Located at 50.3911 N 4.0576 W name=Plympton type:railwaystation_region:GB* *Main article: Plympton railway station* Railway facilities in Plympton had originally been provided by the horse-drawn Plymouth and Dartmoor Railway, but their branch to Plympton was closed and sold to the South Devon Railway to allow the construction of their new line. The new station was not ready to be opened with the railway, but was brought into use six weeks later on 15 June 1848.
From 1 June 1904 it was the eastern terminus for enhanced Plymouth area suburban services, which saw steam railmotors used to fight competition from electric trams. The station closed to passengers on 2 March 1959 but goods traffic continued to be handled until 1 June 1964.
A Plymouth Joint plan that was opened for consultation in 2018 included a suggested \'Plymouth Metro\' with a station at Plympton.
### Laira
A temporary terminus was opened at Laira (at 50.3831 N 4.1028 W name=Laira (terminus) type:railwaystation_region:GB) on the outskirts of Plymouth on 5 May 1848 while work continued on Mutley Tunnel and the final stretch of the line to Millbay. The Plymouth and Dartmoor Railway crossed the new South Devon Railway on the same level just east of the station. Wooden buildings were provided for both passengers and goods traffic. Access was from the turnpike road (now known as Embankment Road) and a horse-drawn bus conveyed passengers to and from the town. The station was closed when the line to Millbay was opened on 3 April 1849.
A new facility, known as \'Laira Halt\' (at 50.3828 N 4.1074 W name=Laira Halt type:railwaystation_region:GB) was opened by the Great Western Railway on 1 June 1904. It was on a new site west of that used by the temporary terminus but adjacent to the new Laira engine shed. It had two 261 ft wooden platforms with iron shelters. This, along with several other small stations, formed a scheme to introduce a suburban train service in competition with electric trams. Laira Halt was not particularly successful and was closed from 7 July 1930.
| 919 |
Disused railway stations on the Exeter to Plymouth Line
| 1 |
11,018,846 |
# Disused railway stations on the Exeter to Plymouth Line
## Stations
### Lipson Vale Halt {#lipson_vale_halt}
*Located at 50.3826 N 4.1260 W name=Lipson Vale Halt type:railwaystation_region:GB*
Another of the small stations opened by the Great Western Railway on 1 June 1904 was Lipson Vale Halt. It was situated on the east side of Mutley Tunnel between Laira Halt and the older station at Mutley. The platforms were built from wood but shortened in 1933; a shelter was provided on the westbound platform. The station closed on 22 March 1942.
### Mutley
*Located at 50.3807 N 4.1373 W name=Mutley type:railwaystation_region:GB*
The second permanent station in Plymouth was opened on 1 August 1871 to the west of the tunnel beneath Mutley Plain. It became a joint station used also by the London and South Western Railway trains when they arrived in the area by running over the railway from Tavistock, which they did from 18 May 1876.
A new joint North Road railway station was built in 1877, just a few yards to the west of Mutley and this became the main station for the city. The London and South Western trains to Plymouth from 2 June 1890 ran on a new line via Devonport. From 1 July 1891 they again called at Mutley when their new terminus at `{{Stnlnk|Plymouth Friary}}`{=mediawiki} was opened, but now they ran in the opposite direction to before. Trains from Friary to `{{Stnlnk|Exeter St Davids}}`{=mediawiki} stopped on the westbound platform, those from Millbay to Exeter St Davids stopping on the eastbound.
Mutley was closed from 3 July 1939 to allow for track alterations in association with the rebuilding of North Road station.
### Plymouth Millbay {#plymouth_millbay}
*Main article: Plymouth Millbay railway station*
*Located at 50.3681 N 4.1501 W name=Plymouth Millbay type:railwaystation_region:GB*
The trains of the South Devon Railway finally reached the town of Plymouth on 2 April 1849. Docks were opened adjacent to the station and a new headquarters office was built next door. The station was expanded ready for the opening of the Cornwall Railway on 4 May 1859 and the South Devon and Tavistock Railway on 22 June 1859. Initially known as just \'Plymouth\', it became \'Plymouth Millbay\' after other stations were opened in the town in 1876--7 at Mutley and North Road.
The station was closed to passengers on 23 April 1941 after bombs destroyed the nearby goods depot; the passenger station being used thereafter only for goods traffic and access to the carriage sheds. All traffic ceased from 14 December 1969, except for goods trains running through to the docks which continued until 30 June 1971.
The site is now occupied by the Plymouth Pavilions leisure complex. Two granite gate posts outside the Millbay Road entrance are all that is left of the station
| 462 |
Disused railway stations on the Exeter to Plymouth Line
| 2 |
11,018,895 |
# Cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's cross-country
These are the official results of the **Men\'s Mountainbike Race** at the **1996 Summer Olympics** in Atlanta. There were a total number of 43 participants, with seven non-finishers, in this inaugural Olympic event over 47.7 kilometres, held on July 30, 1996. The mountain biking events were held at the Georgia International Horse Park in Conyers, Georgia, located 30 miles east of Atlanta.
## Final classification {#final_classification}
Rank Cyclist NOC Time
------ ---------------------- ----- -------------
Bart Brentjens **2:17.38**
Thomas Frischknecht **2:20:14**
Miguel Martinez **2:20:36**
4\. Christophe Dupouey **2:25:03**
5\. Daniele Pontoni **2:25:08**
6\. José Andrés Brenes **2:25:51**
7\. Lennie Kristensen **2:26:02**
8\. Luca Bramati **2:26:05**
9\. Cadel Evans **2:26:15**
10\. Ralph Berner **2:27:45**
11\. Rune Høydahl **2:28:16**
12\. Gary Foord **2:29:10**
13\. Warren Sallenback **2:29:57**
14\. Beat Wabel **2:32:17**
15\. David Baker **2:32:30**
16\. Robert Woods **2:33:14**
17\. Roel Paulissen **2:33:53**
18\. Jan Østergaard **2:34:30**
19\. David Juarez **2:35:15**
20\. Don Myrah **2:35:50**
21\. Roger Persson **2:37:17**
22\. Jokin Mújika **2:41:15**
23\. Jhon Arias **2:42:04**
24\. Radovan Fořt **2:42:43**
25\. Martin Earley **2:43:56**
26\. Kyoshi Miura **2:45:03**
27\. Márcio Ravelli **2:45:16**
28\. Ernst Denifl **2:45:34**
29\. Marek Galiński **2:45:54**
30\. Peter Hric **2:45:54**
31\. Andreas Hestler **2:46:45**
32\. Alister Martin **2:47:46**
33\. Pavel Camrda **2:49:09**
34\. Juan Arias **2:50:44**
35\. Ivanir Lopes **2:53:29**
36\
| 223 |
Cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's cross-country
| 0 |
11,018,901 |
# Yngvar Nielsen
**Yngvar Nielsen** (29 July 1843, Arendal, Aust-Agder -- 2 March 1916) was a Norwegian historian, politician, geographer and pioneer of tourism in Norway.
## Background
Nielsen was born in Arendal, Aust-Agder. He was the son of Norwegian Telegraph Director, Carsten Tank Nielsen (1818--92) and Alvilde Olsen (1821--1890). Nielsen descended on both father\'s and mother\'s side from the established civil and commercial bourgeoisie. His grandfather, Jacob Nielsen, had been one of Christiania\'s largest lumber dealers and director of the National Bank.
## Career
Nielsen studied philology and took a linguistic-historical degree in 1865. After three years as a teacher at Nissens Latin School (interrupted by several rounds of archival studies in Sweden and Denmark), he was employed in the National Archival Services of Norway (*Arkivverket*) from 1869 to 1978 and at the same time served as librarian at the Deichman Library. He was appointed manager of the University\'s Ethnographic Museum in 1877, and the following year he became research fellow in history and geography. In 1880, he completed his philosophical doctorate thesis on the council Riksrådet.
Nielsen was an important advisor in Norway to King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway. He had close connections to the royal family, and was the tutor of the Swedish princes Oscar and Eugen during their stay at the University of Christiania in the 1880s.
Nielsen was chairman of the Norwegian Historical Association, and edited the journal *Historisk Tidsskrift* from 1903 to 1912. Together with Ludvig Ludvigsen Daae he co-edited the journal *Vidar* 1887--89. Nielsen was a board member of the Norwegian Trekking Association from 1879 and Chairman 1890--1908. In 1879 he released the travel guide *Reisehaandbog over Norge*, popularly called *Yngvar*, which appeared in 12 editions until 1915 and came to play an important role in the spread of tourism. His guide books were published in English and German.
Probably Nielsen\'s most important work as an historian was *Lensgreve Johan Caspar Herman Wedel Jarlsberg* (three volumes, 1901--1902), his biography of Johan Caspar Herman Wedel-Jarlsberg (1779--1840). Wedel-Jarlsberg played an active role in the Norwegian Constituent Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814 and was the first native Norwegian to hold the post of Governor of Norway during the union with Sweden.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In October 1870, he married Karen Anne Juliane Hedvig Wedel-Jarlsberg (1847--1927), the daughter of Peder Anker Count Wedel-Jarlsberg (1909--1893). Nielsen was a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters from 1875 and the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters from 1897. He received Reward Medal from King Oscar II in 1882, was appointed Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1894 and received the Commander Cross 1911. He was appointed Knight of the Nordstjärneorden and appointed to several other foreign orders
| 456 |
Yngvar Nielsen
| 0 |
11,018,902 |
# Cornwood railway station
**Cornwood railway station** was a former railway station located in the village of Cornwood in Devon on the South Devon Main Line between Exeter and Plymouth.
It was constructed a few years after the opening of the stretch of line. The station was built at Cornwood by George Hennet. It was opened in 1852 and operated by him on behalf of the South Devon Railway until January 1857 when the railway company took over. Until 1864 it was known as \"Cornwood Road\".
An Italianate building on the north side of the single track housed a booking office and waiting room on the ground floor, with accommodation above for the station master. It was situated in a cutting in the 1/2 mi between Blatchford and Slade viaducts. The line was doubled from Hemerdon to Cornwood on 16 May 1893 and a signal box was opened at the east end of the station. The double line was extended to Blatchford viaduct on 19 November 1893. This doubling required the construction of a new platform for westbound (down) trains. The station closed for passenger trains on 2 March 1959. A loop line was provided to the east of the platform for up trains which was closed on 26 February 1962; the signal box was kept in use until 26 February 1963.
The London bound platform and station building can still be seen from passing trains
| 236 |
Cornwood railway station
| 0 |
11,018,915 |
# United States Air Force Expeditionary Center
The **United States Air Force Expeditionary Center** is a United States Air Force training center located at Fort Dix, New Jersey which specializes in combat support and global mobility training and education\'.
## Overview
Located on the Fort Dix entity of Joint Base McGuire--Dix--Lakehurst, N.J., the center has direct oversight for end route and installation support, contingency response and partner capacity-building mission sets within the global mobility enterprise. The center provides administrative control for six wings and two groups within Air Mobility Command, including the 87th Air Base Wing and the 621st Contingency Response Wing on the McGuire AFB entity of Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, the 319th Air Base Wing at Grand Forks AFB, N.D.; the 515th Air Mobility Operations Wing at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii; the 521st Air Mobility Operations Wing at Ramstein AFB, Germany; the 628th Air Base Wing at Joint Base Charleston, S.C.; the 43d Air Mobility Operations Group at Pope Field, N.C.; and 627th Air Base Group at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Wash.
The Expeditionary Operations School at the Expeditionary Center offers 92 in-residence courses and 19 web-based training courses, graduating more than 40,000 students annually. Courses include the Air Force Phoenix Raven Training, Advanced Study of Air Mobility and Aerial Port Operations Course.
Both the 87th Air Base Wing and the 628th Air Base Wing are Air Force lead organizations on joint bases that host AMC flying units, along with other Department of Defense partners. The 43d Air Mobility Operations Group and 627th Air Base Group partner with the U.S. Army, while the 319th Air Base Wing supports the Department of Homeland Defense and Air Combat Command emerging missions.
The 515th and 521st AMOWs, along with the 621st CRW, are responsible for end route and combat support, contingency response and partner capacity-building mission sets`{{clarify|date=October 2018}}`{=mediawiki} around the globe.
## History
The U.S. Air Force Expeditionary Center, formerly known as the Air Mobility Warfare Center, was established on May 1, 1994, with an official mission assigned on October 1 of the same year. Initially offering a variety of courses, from combat readiness exercises to cargo and passenger transportation training, the center played a pivotal role in enhancing the capabilities of the Air Mobility Command.
The center underwent a name change on March 4, 2007, becoming the U.S. Air Force Expeditionary Center. Subsequently, on January 7, 2011, the center\'s scope was expanded to encompass additional responsibilities related to the evolving mission sets of the Air Mobility Command. Further expansion occurred in the spring of 2012 when the center assumed administrative control over three additional air wings, including the sole Contingency Response wing within the Air Force.
## USAF Expeditionary Operations School {#usaf_expeditionary_operations_school}
The USAF Expeditionary Operations School ("EOS") of the USAF Expeditionary Center, is for mobility and expeditionary operations skills training and Air Mobility Command\'s provider of support to the mobility enterprise.
The EOS offers a variety of training, from combat support to logistics. The EOS is responsible for advanced leadership training, including Advanced Studies of Air Mobility Course and the Director of Mobility Forces Course.0
The EOS offers 74 in-resident courses and graduates approximately 40,000 students per year from the Expeditionary Center main campus at ASA Fort Dix, Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, N.J., from the mobile training team class and from detachments Hurlburt Air Force Base, Fla., and Scott Air Force Base, Ill
| 562 |
United States Air Force Expeditionary Center
| 0 |
11,018,961 |
# Rosalie Sorrels discography
This is a discography for folk musician Rosalie Sorrels. It includes albums where she is the principal performer as well as tribute albums, retrospective albums, and compilation albums for a genre of music.
## Albums---Primary vocal performer {#albumsprimary_vocal_performer}
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Album information |
+===============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***Rosalie Sorrels Sings Songs of the Mormon Pioneers*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1961 |
| - Record label: Festival Records (USA) |
| - Studio album, Thematic, Traditional songs |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels (vocals) with Jim Sorrels and the Singing Saints. Most songs are from the collection of Austin E. and Alta S. Fife. |
| - Songs: --- Songs: None can preach the gospel like the Mormons do---The gospel news --- A poor wayfaring man of grief---Tittery-irie-ay---On the road to California---The lonesome roving wolves---The dying Californian---The handcart song---The unknown grave---Whoa! Haw! Buck and jerry boy---Hard times come again no more---Don\'t you marry the Mormon boys---Blue Mountain---Once I lived in Cottonwood---Seagulls and crickets---Zack, the Mormon engineer---Echo Canyon---St. George and the drag-on---Mormon yankee doodle |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***Rosalie\'s Songbag*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1961 |
| - Record label: Prestige Records (13025) |
| - Studio album; Traditional songs |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels, vocals and guitar; in part with Jim Sorrels, guitar. |
| - Songs: Bucking bronco---Fourth of July---Babies---Girls of constant sorrow---Two sisters---Rock salt and nails---The unknown grave---Find a wife---Willie and John---No one knows me---Rags to my back---Awful, o how awful---The female highwayman---The haunted hunter---Mormon Sunday school |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***Folk Songs of Idaho and Utah*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1961 |
| - Record label: Folkways Records (5343) |
| - Studio album, Thematic, Traditional songs |
| - Notes: Sung by Rosalie Sorrels, with Jim Sorrels, guitar. |
| - Songs: The lineman\'s hymn --- Brigham Young---Winter song---Death of Kathy Fiscus---I\'ll give you my story---The girl that played Injun with me---Utah\'s Dixie---Empty cots in the bunkhouse tonight---Tying knots in the devil\'s tail---The fox---Way out in Idaho---My last cigar---The wreck of the old Number Nine---The house carpenter---The wild colonial boy---I left my baby---The Philadelphia lawyer. |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***Somewhere Between*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1967 |
| - Record label: Boise Unitarian Universalist Fellowship (TAD 3080) |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels, vocals and guitar; with accompanying musicians. Recorded by Don Cederstrom Custom Recording, Boise, Idaho. |
| - Songs: Magic penny (1:52) --- It could be a wonderful world (1:16) --- My father\'s mansion (3:03) --- Mighty river (2:43) --- Ain\'t you got a right (2:28) --- Pale green disease (2:04) --- Pig hollow (2:36) --- I saw my country\'s flag go down (3:14) --- Simple gifts (1:42) --- If I were free (2:28) --- Death of Ellenton (2:15) --- Judas ram (2:08) --- Enola Gay (3:31) --- Killing ground (2:13) --- The miracle (1:46) --- Somewhere between (2:47). |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***If I Could Be the rain*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1967 |
| - Record label: Folk-Legacy Records (FSI-31) |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Songs by Utah Phillips and Rosalie Sorrels, sung by Sorrels with Mitch Greenhill, guitar. |
| - Songs: Go With Me---Goodbye Joe Hill---I Think of You---If I Could Be the Rain---Il Pleure---In the Quiet Country of Your Eyes---I\'ve Got a Home Out In Utah---Jesse\'s Corrido---One More Next Time---Some Other Place, Some Other Time---Starlight on the Rails---Up Is a Nice Place to Be---Walking Down That Lonely Street |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***Travelin\' Lady*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1972 |
| - Record label: Sire Records (5902) |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Mitch Greenhill, Mayne Smith, Mike Woodward, Lee Poundstone, Sid Page and Will Scarlett. Liner notes from Hunter S. Thompson. |
| - Songs: Traveling Lady---They\'ll Know Who I Am---Come Talk To Me---All I Ever Do Is Say Goodbye---Postcard From India---Rock Me To Sleep---Lovin\' Of The Game---She Can Do Without You---Occasional Man---He Doesn\'t See Me---Rosalie, You Can\'t Go Home Again |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***Whatever Happened to the Girl that Was*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1973 |
| - Record label: Paramount (6072) |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels, vocals; Mitch Greenhill, guitars; Eric Kaz and David Holt, keyboard instruments; Harvey Brooks, electric bass and guitarron; Dave Holland, acoustic bass; Greg Thomas, drums./ Recorded at Bearsville Studios, Bearsville, New York, April, 1973. |
| - Songs: Just a country girl---Nobody\'s---Roadrunner #2---Too many strangers---Come and be my driver---Elegant hobo---First fall of snow---Hall of fame---Rock, salt and nails (Bruce Phillips)---Another woman\'s man---The toast---Brightwood fire |
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| ***Always a Lady*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1975 |
| - Record label: Philo Records |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels, vocals & guitar; Roma Baran, lead guitar; Jay Ungar, fiddle & mandolin; Geoff Outlaw, mandolin (7th work); Lyn Hardy, backup vocals; Tony Markellis, bass. Album notes by Malvina Reynolds. |
| - Songs: Mehitabel\'s theme---Baby rocking medley---Song for David---Hey little girl---Apple of my eye---The caterpillar & the butterlfly---Did I knock---Red wine at noon---When I was in my prime---Song for my birthday---The moth |
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| ***Travelin\' Lady Rides Again*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1978 |
| - Record label: Philo Records (1049) (Re-released by Green Linnet Records in 1997) |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels, vocals and guitar; Bruce Carver, guitar; Jeff Salisbury, drums; Winnie Winston, pedal steel guitar and banjo; Jeff Gutcheon, piano; Peter Madcat Ruth, harmonica, jaw harp; Jim Tullio, acoustic bass./ Recorded March 1978, Earth Audio Techniques, North Ferrisburg, Vt. |
| - Songs: --- Traveling Lady (Rosalie Sorrels) --- I Like It (Mayne Smith) --- We Were Kinda Crazy Then (Susanna Clark) --- Trucker\'s Cafe (Sylvia Tyson) --- Going Away (Bruce Phillips) --- I Remember Loving You (Bruce Phillips) --- Talkin\' Wolverine 14 (Bruce Phillips & Andy Cohen) --- Feather Ben (Peter Bowen) --- Bad Girl\'s Lament (Traditional) --- Post Card From India (Rosalie Sorrels) |
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| ***Moments of Happiness*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1976 |
| - Record label: Philo Records (1033) |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Songs, vocals and guitar by Rosalie Sorrells, with Mitch Greenhill (guitar), Jeff Gutcheon (piano, organ), John Payne (woodwinds), Evan Stover (fiddle), Tony Markellis (bass guitar) and Steve Mosley (drums). recorded at Earth Audio Techniques in North Ferrisburg, Vermont, 1976--1977. |
| - Songs: --- Moments of happiness---Falling in love again, can\'t help it---Ain\'t nobody got the blues like me---Green firefalls---Truth is on the streets---Just one more cowboy---Singing in the country---High flyin\' wonder---See you stand that way---Up is a nice place to be |
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| ***Lonesome Roving Wolves : Songs & Ballads of the West*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1980 (Re-release 1993 on CD) |
| - Record label: Green Linnet (1024) |
| - Studio album; traditional songs |
| - Notes: Liner notes by Rosalie Sorrels and Hedy West. This album features Sorrels as an interpreter of traditional material. Many are Mormon pioneer songs collected by Rosalie during her years in Salt Lake City. |
| - Songs: --- The Lonesome Roving Wolves---Don\'t You Marry the Mormon Boys---Brigham Young\] --- Christine LeRoy---The Merry Mormons---The Haunted Hunter---Winter Song---Logan\'s Lament---Juanita---Awful, Oh How Awful---The Star of Bannock---State of Arkansas---Fourth of July---Jerusalem---Basque Christmas Song |
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| ***Miscellaneous Abstract Record #1*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1982 (Re-release 1993 on CD) |
| - Record label: Green Linnet (1042) |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels, vocals and guitar; with instrumental accompaniment. All songs recorded at Golden East Recording Studios, New Canaan, Connecticut except If you love me recorded live at The Barn Coffeehouse, Westport, Connecticut. This is a collection of the artist\'s favorite songs. |
| - Songs: Ashes On The Sea (Bruce Philips) --- I\'m Thinking Tonight Of My Blue Eyes (Traditional) --- Satisfied (Mississippi John Hurt) --- The Cool Green Shores Of Erin (Patrick Sky) --- If You Love Me (Malvina Reynolds) --- You\'ve Got To Go To Sleep Alone (Jimmy Gilmore) --- Foxy Devil (Joe Dolan) --- Erin\'s Green Shore (Traditional, from the singing of Hedy West) --- The Last Letter---Aunt Molly Jackson Defines Folk Songs Once And For All (Aunt Molly) --- I Am A Union Woman (Aunt Molly Jackson) --- My Dearest Dear (Traditional) |
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| ***Then Came the Children*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1985 (Re-release 1991 on CD) |
| - Record label: Green Linnet (2099) |
| - Live album |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels with Bruce Carver recorded live at the Vancouver East Cultural Centre on February 26, 1984. |
| - Songs: --- Then came the children---Bride 1945---Girls in our town---Rosie Jane---Mother\'s day song---Delia Rose---What was the colour---Song for daughters/mama---Rosalie you can\'t go home again. |
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| ***Be Careful, There\'s a Baby in the House*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1991 |
| - Record label: Green Linnet |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels, vocals and guitar; R. Bruce Carver, electric and acoustic guitar; Johnny Shoes, bass and mandolin; Chanterelles, back-up vocals. |
| - Songs: --- Be Careful, There\'s A Baby In The House---Baby Rocking Medley---You\'re Always Welcome At Our House---Mehitabel And Her Kittens---God Bless The Child---Don\'t Play \'Em Unless You\'ve Got Em\' --- Aces, Straights Flushes---Lost Children Street---Right To Life---Rim Of The World---1972 --- New Hampshire (Fear And Loathing On The Campaign Trail) --- L.A. Nights---Two Years Later---Jesse\'s Corrido---Sing Like The Rain (Last Song For David) --- I Cannot Sleep For Thinking Of The Children |
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| ***Report from Grimes Creek*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1991 |
| - Record label: Green Linnet |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: A portrait of the place where I live, Way Out in Idaho. Mostly pieces written by my mother, Nancy Stringfellow and some by me and mom\'s favorite songs. Rosalie Sorrels, spoken word, vocals, acoustic guitar; Johnny \"Shoes\" Pisano, mandolin and bass; Charlie Burry, fiddle; Father Jim Watkinson, piano. |
| - Songs-Poems-Stories: Report From Grimes Creek Written by Nancy Stringfellow Published by Grimes Creek Publishing---A Clearing In The Forest (Saratoga, Mon Amour) Written by Bruce Phillips Published by On Strike Publishing---Querencia Written by Nancy Stringfellow Published by Grimes Creek Publishing---Old Devil Time Written by Pete Seeger---Social Security Written by Nancy Stringfellow Published by Grimes Creek Publishing---Singing In The Country Traditional---My Grandmother\'s Gardens Written by Rosalie Sorrels Published by Grimes Creek Publishing---The Bells Of Ireland Written by Rosalie Sorrels Published by Grimes Creek Publishing---Love Stories Written by Rosalie Sorrels and Nancy Stringfellow Published by Grimes Creek Publishing---China Or A Woman\'s Heart Written by Kate Wolf Published by Another Sundown Publishing---Then You\'ll Remember Me Written by Rosalie Sorrels Published by Grimes Creek Publishing (Song Fragment: \"Then You\'ll Remember Me\" from The Bohemian Girl by Balfe) |
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| ***What Does It Mean to Love?*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1994 |
| - Record label: Green Linnet |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels, vocals, guitar; in part with instrumental acc. Recorded at Horizon Recording, Boise, Idaho. Folk songs, stories, poems, and monologues of Sorrels\' reminiscences of her family and childhood in Utah. |
| - Songs and stories: There was an old woman / trad. (2:04) --- When much in the woods as child / Emily Dickinson (:29) --- Place to be / Malvina Reynolds (:47) --- I have watched and respected the solitude of a child / Collette (2:35) --- Turn around / Malvina Reynolds (2:11) --- And I have turned around so many times / R. Sorrels (2:51) --- Hi-fi stereo color TV / John Cohen, Jay Ungar (2:05) --- Green-eyed dragon / from my family (3:34) --- The adventures of Isabelle / Ogden Nash (1:45) --- Waltzing with bears / Dale Marxson, Dr. Seuss, Eugene Poddany; The neat thing about my father was--- / R. Sorrels (8:49) ---Monologue / R. Sorrels (:38) --- What does it mean to love? / Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (1:21) --- The broken token / from The singing street (1:19) --- Love is a silly thing / trad. (2:15) --- Well, I certainly am a country girl / R. Sorrels (4:54) --- Apples and pears / R. Sorrels (3:05) --- The cat that walked by himself / Rudyard Kipling (26:08). |
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| ***Borderline Heart*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1995 |
| - Record label: Green Linnet |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Musicians Bruce Barthol; Scott Breadman; Nina Gerber; Mitch Greenhill; Barbara Higbie; Laurie Lewis; Brent Rampone; Rosalie Sorrels; Mayne Smith and Dan Warrick./ Recorded December 1994, at Bay Records in Berkeley, California; additional recording January 1995 at AGE Studio in New York City; additional recording January 1995 at Danny McKinney Recording in Glendale, California. |
| - Songs: Going Away Party/Looking For Lew---Hitchhiker In The Rain---If I Could Be The Rain---Borderline Heart---Come And Be My Driver---Snowing On Ratone---Tucson One More Time---La Bruja: Flower Of Revolution---Ragweed Ruth---Gospel Snake---Lonesome Georgia Brown---Nevada Moon---Sweet Loving Friendship---My Last Go Round |
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| ***No Closing Chord: The Songs of Malvina Reynolds*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 2000 |
| - Record label: Red House Records |
| - Studio album, Tribute album |
| - Notes: A tribute to Malvina Reynolds. Thirteen of Reynolds\'s most loved songs with vocalist Rosalie Sorrels. Guitarist Nina Gerber, Bonnie Raitt (Slide Guitar), Barbara Higbie (Fiddle, Piano, Accordion, Background Vocals), Laurie Lewis (Hardingfele), Terry Garthwaite (vocals), and Will Scarlett (harmonica.) |
| - Songs: Magic Penny/Visitation / Sorrels, Rosalie---A Little Muscle---What Have They Done to the Rain? --- The Money Crop---The Judge Said---No Hole in My Head---From Way Up Here---Lost Children Street---Rosie Jane---I Cannot Sleep---On the Rim of the World---This World---No Closing Chord |
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| ***Learned by Livin\' Sung by Heart*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 2003 |
| - Record label: Way Out In Idaho Productions |
| - Retrospective or Compilation album |
| - Notes: A collection of Rosalie\'s favorite cuts from albums that go all the way back to 1967 and all the way up to 1995. The index includes the original recording information of the cuts. Rosalie Sorrels, vocals and guitar; with various accompanying musicians. |
| - Songs: Bells Of Ireland (R. Sorrels -- Ascap / Report From Grimes Creek / Green Linnet Records, 1991) --- Turn Around (Malvina Reynolds / Clara Music / What Does It Mean To Love? / Green Linnet, 1994) --- Apple Of My Eye (R. Sorrels -- Ascap---Always A Lady --- Philo Records -- 1978) --- Just One More Cowboy (Al Jacobs / Ascap / Moments Of Happiness / Philo Records, 1978) --- Nevada Moon (R. Sorrels / Ascap / Borderline Heart / Green Linnet Records, 1995) --- Borderline Heart (R. Sorrels -- Ascap / Borderline Heart / Green Linnet Records, 1995) --- Going Away (B. Phillips / Ascap / Traveling Lady Rides Again / Philo Record, 1978---I Like It -- (Mayne Smith / Bmi / Traveling Lady Rides Again / Philo Records, 1978) --- Baby Rocking Medley (R. Sorrels / Ascap / Always A Lady / Philo Records, 1976) --- Delia Rose (R. Sorrels / Ascap / Then Came The Children / Aural Tradition, Vancouver Bc, 1986) --- Sing Like The Rain (R. Sorrels / Ascap / Be Careful, There\'s A Baby In The House / Aural Tradition, 1991) --- Falling In Love Again (Lerner And Hollander / Famous Music / Moments Of Happiness / Philo Records, 1977) --- Up Is A Nice Place To Be (R. Sorrels / Ascap / If I Could Be The Rain, 1967 --- Currently Available From Folk Legacy Records --- Po Box 1148 --- Sharon, Ct 06069) --- Rosalie, You Can\'t Go Home Again (R. Sorrels / Ascap / Then Came The Children / Aural Tradition, Vancouver, Bc; 1986) --- If You Love Me (Malvina Reynolds / Schroeder Music / Miscellaneous Abstract Record No. 1 / Green Linnet, 1982) |
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| ***My Last Go Round*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 2004 |
| - Record label: Red House Records |
| - Studio album |
| - Notes: Rosalie Sorrels, vocals and acoustic guitar; additional musicians include Peggy Seeger, Tony Markellis, Christine Lavin, Patrick Sky, Loudon Wainwright III, Jean Ritchie, Teresina Huxtable, Roma Baran, Peter \'Madcat\' Ruth, Vivian Stoll and Mitch Greenhill. Recorded March 23, 2002 in Cambridge, Mass. |
| - Songs: My last go round---The telling takes me home---I met Rosalie---Pretty Saro---My grandmother told me stories---There was an old woman---Traveling lady---To the dear memory of our friend Dave van Ronk---Aishling Gael---We had some high old times---I think of you---Love will linger on---Rock salt and nails---Be careful, there\'s a baby in the house---The place you snuck into---Randinelli\'s castle---Well, now that Rosalie\'s retired---Wind chimes---My home ain\'t in The Hall of Fame---Poem---Old devil time |
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| 2,905 |
Rosalie Sorrels discography
| 0 |
11,018,961 |
# Rosalie Sorrels discography
## Albums---Multiple vocal artists featuring Sorrels {#albumsmultiple_vocal_artists_featuring_sorrels}
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| Album information |
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| ***The Unfortunate Rake*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1960, 1990 |
| - Record label: Folkways Records --- FW03805 |
| - Compilation album, thematic |
| - Notes: 20 different versional and variational forms of the \'Rake\' cycle of ballads. Insert; edited by Kenneth S. Goldstein. Originally issued as analog disc on Folkways Records: FS 3805, 1960; released on Compact disc in 1990. Program notes by the compiler, including texts of the songs (8 p.) inserted in outer container. Performed by various folk singers. |
| - Songs: The Unfortunate Rake (A. L. Lloyd and Alf Edwards) --- The Trooper Cut Down in His Prime -- (Ewan MacColl and Peggy Seeger) --- The Young Sailor Cut Down in His Prime (Harry Cox) --- Noo I\'m a Young Man Cut Down in My Prime (Willie Mathieson) --- The Bad Girl\'s Lament (Wade Hemsworth) --- One Morning in May (Hally Wood) --- Bright Summer Morning (Viola Penn) --- The Girl in the Dilger Case (D. K. Wilgus) --- The Cowboy\'s Lament (Bruce Buckley) --- Streets of Laredo (Harry Jackson) --- St. James Hospital (Alan Lomax) --- Gambler\'s Blues (Dave Van Ronk) --- I Once Was a Carman --- I Once Was a Carman in the Big Mountain Con (Guthrie T. \"Gus\" Meade) --- **The Lineman\'s Hymn (Rosalie Sorrels)** --- The Wild Lumberjack (Kenneth S. Goldstein) --- A Sun Valley Song (Jan Brunvand and Ellen Stekert) --- The Ballad of Bloody Thursday (John Greenway) --- Streets of Hamtramck (Bill Friedland, Mark Newman, and Morris Howarth) --- The Ballad of Sherman Wu (Pete Seeger) --- The Professor\'s Lament (Roger Abrahams) |
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| ***The Cotton-pickin\' Lift Tower and Other Skiing Songs*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 196? |
| - Record label: Prestige Records (13039) |
| - |
| - Notes: Skiing songs; Ray Conrad, vocals & guitar; with vocal acc. by Rosalie Sorrels. Lyrics (4 p.) inserted; program notes by Ray Conrad |
| - Songs: Round-Bottomed Bogners---The Cotton-Pickin\' Lift Tower --- **Skiing Billy (with Rosalie Sorrels)** --- In the Mountains Near Alta---Two Cubes with a Slug of V. O. --- The Ski Instructor---The Mineshaft Song---The Last Ride --- **Skier\'s Bible School (with Rosalie Sorrels)** --- Stretch Pants Lament---An Ounce of Prevention---The Skier\'s Daydream |
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| ***Welcome to Caffe Lena*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1972 |
| - Record label: Biograph Records |
| - Live album; various artists |
| - Notes: Durations and program notes by M. Cooney and B. Spence on the container. Folk songs and instrumentals; various performers. \"Recorded live at Caffè Lena, Phila St., Saratoga, N.Y. by The Bottom Forty Recording Company.\" |
| - Songs: Lena, won\'t you open your door (Michael Cooney) --- Cluck old hen (Bill Vanaver) --- Elegant hobo (Paul Geremia) --- Belles of Cheyenne/The blackbird (Bob and Evelyne Beers) --- The blacksmith (Lou Killen) --- The clog hornpipe/Harvest home (High Level Ranters) --- **Come on friend (Rosalie Sorrels)** --- Giovani Montini, the Pope (Patrick Sky) --- Blue birds singing (Bottle Hill) --- Whore\'s lament (Hedy West) --- Daddy what\'s a train? (Bruce Phillips) --- Sweet little cafe in a square (Lena Spencer) --- Tarry not (Frank Wakefield) |
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| ***Live at the Great American Music Hall*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1980 (Re-released 1993) |
| - Record label: Flying Fish Records (FF 70238) |
| - Live album |
| - Notes: Terry Garthwaite, vocals, guitar; Bobbie Louise Hawkins, monologues; Rosalie Sorrels, vocals, guitar. Recorded live at the Great American Music Hall, San Francisco, 1980. |
| - Songs: --- True love (Garthwaite) ---- Take love, for instance (Hawkins) ---- **The pine (Sorrels)** ---- Liver piece (Hawkins) ------ Hoy hoy hoy (Garthwaite) ---- **Hot-buttered rum (Sorrels)** ---- I owe you one (Hawkins) ---- **Snake toast (Sorrels)** ---- **Catch it while you can (Sorrels)** ---- You don\'t know (Garthwaite) ---- **I remember loving you (Sorrels)** ---- Magic piece (Hawkins) ---- Slender thread (Garthwaite) |
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| ***Cowboy Songs on Folkways*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1991 |
| - Record label: Smithsonian Folkways Recordings CD SF 40043 |
| - Compilation album; various artists; Traditional cowboy songs |
| - Notes: Previously released material, now on compact disc. Notes on the singers and the songs, with bibliography (1 folded sheet) enclosed. Recorded 1944--1965. |
| - Songs: Morning grub holler / Harry Jackson---Round-up cook / Harry Jackson---Chisholm trail / Tex-I-An Boys---Whoopie-ti-yi-yo, get along little dogies / Woody Guthrie & Cisco Houston---Little Joe, the wrangler / Cisco Houston---Little Joe the wrangler\'s sister Nell / Harry Jackson---Utah Carl / Harry K. McClintock---Put your little foot / Tex-I-An Boys---Trail to Mexico / Peter LaFarge---Las Chapparreras / Peter Hurd---Buffalo skinners / Woody Guthrie---Zebra Dun / Ray Reed---Some cowboy brag talk / Harry Jackson---Horse wrangler / Roger Welsch---Strawberry roan / Harry Jackson.; Texian boys / John A. Lomax, Jr. --- Cow cow yicky yicky yea / Leadbelly---Jesse James (Leadbelly\'s version) / Woody Guthrie---Home on the range/ Pete Seeger --- **(There\'s an) Empty cot in the bunkhouse tonight / Rosalie Sorrels** --- (When it\'s) Springtime in the Rockies / Leadbelly---Lone star trail / Dave Fredickson---Rodeo hand / Peter LaFarge---Philadelphia lawyer / Woody Guthrie & Cisco Houston---The dying cowboy / Cisco Houston---The devil made Texas / Hermes Nye. |
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| ***Long Memory*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1996 Original recording for 1992 cold-drill Magazine Boise State University. |
| - Record label: Red House Records |
| - Studio albums; Traditional and new songs |
| - Notes: A collection of old and new union songs by Rosalie Sorrels, Utah Phillips, and Pete Seeger recorded at Horizon Sound Studio, Meridian, Idaho. Performed by Rosalie Sorrels, and Utah Phillips, vocals, guitar. |
| - Songs: Aunt Molly Jackson defines folk songs once and for---I am a union woman---Aragon Mill---Carolina cotton mill---De colores---Bury me in my overalls---Soapbox oration---All used up---Two bums---Dump the bosses off your back---The charge on Mother Jones --- Harry Orchard---Nevada Jane---No more Reds --- Wobbly doxology |
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| ***Friends of Mine*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1998 |
| - Record label: HighTone Records (HCD 8089) |
| - Studio album; Ramblin\' Jack Elliott with various artists |
| - Notes: Folk and country songs; Ramblin\' Jack Elliott, guitar and vocals; with vocal and instrumental accompaniment. Recorded Feb. 1996--Oct. 1997. |
| - Songs: Riding Down the Canyon (with Arlo Guthrie) -- Me and Billy the Kid (with Peter Rowan) --- **Last letter (with Rosalie Sorrels)** --- Louise (with Tom Waits) --- Rex\'s Blues (with Emmylou Harris & Nanci Griffith) --- Walls of Red Wing (with John Prine) -- Hard Travelin\' (with Jerry Jeff Walker) --- He Was a Friend of Mine (with Jerry Jeff Walker) --- Dark as a Dungeon (with Guy Clark) --- Friend of the Devil (with Bob Weis) --- Reason to Believe---Bleecker Street Blues. |
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| ***Treasures Left Behind: Remembering Kate Wolf*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1998 |
| - Record label: Red House Records RHR CD 114 |
| - Tribute album; studio album; various artists |
| - Notes: Folk and popular songs; words and music by Kate Wolf; songs performed by various artists. Booklet contains tributes and remembrances about Kate Wolf. |
| - Songs: Give yourself to love (Kathy Mattea) --- These times we\'re living in (Dave Alvin) --- Friend of mine (Nanci Griffith) --- Sweet love (John Gorka) --- Here in California (Lucinda Williams) --- Like a river (Peter Rowan & The Rowan Brothers) --- Carolina pines (Cris Williamson & Tret Fure) --- See here, she said (U. Utah Phillips) -- **In china or a woman\'s heart (Rosalie Sorrels)** --- Tequila and me (Greg Brown & Ferron) --- Back roads (Nina Gerber) --- Cornflower blue (Eric Bogle) --- Love still remains (Emmylou Harris) --- Thinking about you (Terry Garthwaite). |
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| ***An Imaginary Christmas in Idaho*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 1999 |
| - Record label: Limberlost Books & Records (Boise ID) |
| - Live album; various artists |
| - Notes: Christmas songs, poetry and folk tales in English and Basque performed by Rosalie Sorrels, Gino Sky and friends featuring the More\'s Creek String Band, Wild Roses and Biotzetik Basque Choir. Recorded June 7, 1999 at the Basque Museum and Cultural Center in Boise, Idaho. |
| - Songs: Jigs: Tobin\'s favorite jig, Swallowtail jig---An imaginary Christmas in Idaho---Bread and fishes---Winter song---Grandma---Haurrak ikasazue---The fruitcake---Miz Fogarty\'s Christmas cake---Jingle bells/We wish you a merry Christmas---Party crasher\'s carol---Interview with John Thomsen---Just a little lefse---Christmas in their eyes---Hot buttered rum---Christmas Eve -- Bufana and Lena---Italian Christmas carol---Intro to Biotzetik -- Alabatua---Haurrak ikasazue reprise. |
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| ***No Closing Chord: The Songs of Malvina Reynolds*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 2000 |
| - Record label: Red House Records |
| - Studio album, Tribute album |
| - Notes: A tribute to Malvina Reynolds. Thirteen of Reynolds\'s most loved songs with vocalist Rosalie Sorrels. Guitarist Nina Gerber, Bonnie Raitt (Slide Guitar), Barbara Higbie (Fiddle, Piano, Accordion, Background Vocals), Laurie Lewis (Hardingfele), Terry Garthwaite (vocals), and Will Scarlett (harmonica.) |
| - Songs: Magic Penny/Visitation / Sorrels, Rosalie---A Little Muscle---What Have They Done to the Rain? --- The Money Crop---The Judge Said---No Hole in My Head---From Way Up Here---Lost Children Street---Rosie Jane---I Cannot Sleep---On the Rim of the World---This World---No Closing Chord |
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| ***A Nod to Bob: An Artists\' Tribute to Bob Dylan on his Sixtieth Birthday*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 2001 |
| - Record label: Red House Records RHR CD 154 |
| - Tribute album; studio album; various artists |
| - Notes: All songs previously released by Bob Dylan Program notes inserted in container. Various performers recorded at the World Theater, St. Paul Minnesota. |
| - Songs: Love minus zero/no limit /; Eliza Gilkyson; (3:54) ---; Sweetheart like you /; Guy Davis; (5:07) ---; Clothes line saga /; Suzzy & Maggie Roche; (3:14) ---; Delia /; Spider John Koerner & Dave Ray; (2:42) ---; I want you /; Cliff Eberhardt; (5:15) ---; All along the watchtower /; Tom Landa & the Paperboys; (4:20) ---; Dieu à nos côte\'s; (With God on our side) /; Hart-Rouge; (4:06) ---; Boots of Spanish leather /; Martin Simpson; (6:20) ---; Restless farewell /; Norman Blake & Peter Ostroushko; (5:33) ---; \"It Ain\'t Me, Babe\" /; Lucy Kaplansky /; (4:20) ---; Pledging my time /; Greg Brown; (3:40) --- -; **Tomorrow is a Long Time /; Rosalie Sorrels; (4:53)** ---; Intro to Don\'t think twice, it\'s all right /; Ramblin\' Jack Elliott; (1:48) ---; Don\'t think twice, it\'s all right /; Ramblin\' Jack Elliott; (4:07). |
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| ***Classic Railroad Songs from Smithsonian Folkways*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 2006 |
| - Record label: Smithsonian Folkways Recordings SFW CD 40192 |
| - Compilation album; various artists |
| - Notes: Selections originally released 1952--1997; track 11 previously unissued. Program notes, including bibliography and discography (33 p. : ill.) inserted in container Recorded 1942--1981. |
| - Songs: An excerpt from \"Rail dynamics\"; (recorded by Emory Cook); (:24) ---; Train 45; (the New Lost City Ramblers); (2:18) ---; Kassie Jones; (Furry Lewis); (2:56) ---; Jay Gould\'s daughter; (Pete Seeger); (2:38) ---; Railroad Bill; (Walt Robertson); (2:08) ---; Linin\' track; (Lead Belly); (1:15) ---; Freight Train; (Elizabeth Cotten); (2:43) ---; Drill, ye tarriers, drill; (Cisco Houston); (2:30) ---; Zach, the Mormon engineer; (L.M. Hilton); (2:02) ---; Lost train blues; (the Virginia Mountain Boys); (2:57) ---; The F.F.V.; (Annie Watson); (3:52) ---; He\'s coming to us dead; (the New Lost City Ramblers); (3:15) ---; The train that carried my girl from town; (Doc Watson); (2:18) ---; Rock Island Line; (Lead Belly); (2:03) ---; Lonesome train; (Sonny Terry, Woody Guthrie, and Cisco Houston); (3:31) ---; John Henry; (Woody Guthrie and Cisco Houston); (2:42) ---; **The wreck of the Number Nine; (Rosalie Sorrels); (1:36)** ---; Freight train blues; (Brownie McGhee); (3:36) ---; The New Market wreck; (Mike Seeger); (3:39) ---; Jerry, go oil that car; (Haywire Mac); (2:38) ---; Way out in Idaho; (Rosalie Sorrels); (3:34) ---; Old John Henry died on the mountain; (Henry Grady Terrell); (1:55) ---; Casey Jones; (John D. Mounce); (:20) ---; Wreck of the Old 97; (Pop Stoneman); (2:51) ---; Midnight special; (Lead Belly); (2:03) ---; Wabash Cannonball; (Doc Watson); (3:17) ---; Lost train blues; (Vernon Sutphin); (1:13) ---; New River train; (Iron Mountain String Band); (4:26) ---; Excerpt from \"Three little engines and 33 cars\"; (recorded by Vinton Wight); (:25). |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ***Bear\'s Sonic Journals: Sing Out!*** |
| |
| - Release Date: 2024 |
| - Record label: Owsley Stanley Foundation |
| - Live album; various artists |
| - Notes: Live concert performances recorded on April 25, 1981. Sorrels is accompanied by Mitch Greenhill on guitar
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# Luis de Garrido
**Luis de Garrido Talavera** (born 1967) is a Spanish architect working in sustainable architecture in Spain.
## Biography
Luis de Garrido studied architecture at the UPV (4951)Polytechnic University of Valencia where he graduated with a doctorate. He also completed a master\'s degree in Urban Design at the (Polytechnic University of Catalonia).
He has taught a range of subjects at the information technology faculty at the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), the information technology faculty at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC), and the school of telecommunications. Universitat Ramón Llull (URL), Barcelona, at the architectural school at the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) and the architectural school at the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC).
Luis de Garrido directs an architectural firm \"Luis De Garrido Architects\", in Valencia, Spain, which is involved in green architecture. He has designed houses for celebrities including supermodel Naomi Campbell and footballer Lionel Messi
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# Sharon Morris
**Sharon Morris** is a Welsh poet and a senior lecturer at the Slade School of Fine Art (Film and Video), University College London.
In 2000 she completed a PhD on the writer Hilda Doolittle and the artist Claude Cahun, and in 2003 received a Leverhulme research fellowship for her writings on poetics, visual theory and semiotics. In addition, she has exhibited photography, film and video, and performed live artworks, combining spoken text with projected images.
## Works
Her first poetry collection *False Spring* was published in 2007 as the third volume in the Enitharmon New Poets Series. Her poems can also be found in several journals and anthologies, including *Tying the Song* (Enitharmon, 2000), the first anthology from The Poetry School, *In the Company of Poets* (Hearing Eye, 2003) and *This Little Stretch of Life* (Hearing Eye, 2007)
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# Clickbot.A
**Clickbot.A** is a botnet that is used for click fraud.
The bot was first discovered by Swa Frantzen at SANS\' Internet Storm Center in May 2006. At that time, the botnet had infected about 100 machines. The infected population grew to over 100,000 machines within one month.
The bot was written as a plugin to Internet Explorer that was downloaded by IE users. It operated by using victims\' computers to automatically click on pay-per-click Internet advertisements.
It is also used to steal passwords from unsuspecting users
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11,019,045 |
# Stjepan Jovanović
**Stjepan Jovanović** (Stephan *Freiherr* (Baron) von Jovanovich; 5 January 1828 -- 8 December 1885) was a military commander of the Austrian Empire from the Croatian Military Frontier.
## Biography
Jovanović was born in the village of Pazarište near Gospić in Lika (then Croatian Military Frontier, Austrian Empire, today Croatia). He joined the Austrian army in 1845 and during 1848--1849 fought under general Radetzky in Italy. In 1850 he was transferred to the General staff and later served as an adjutant of general Gabriel Rodić in southern Dalmatia.
Between 1861 and 1865 Jovanović served as Austrian consul general in Sarajevo. Because of his knowledge of Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro and Krivošije, he was recalled back into the army in 1865, as a colonel. In 1866, during the Austro-Prussian War he fought in Italy under Archduke Albert. During the 1869 insurrection in Boka Kotorska, he commanded a Gebirgsjäger (mountain troops) brigade in Kotor (Cattaro) that tried to suppress the uprising, but failed.
In 1875 Stjepan Jovanović was given the noble title of Freiherr. In 1876 he was named a *Feldmarschallleutnant*.
In 1877 he commanded the 18th division in Split (Spalato). A year later he was commanding the occupation of Herzegovina. Later he served as military commander in Herzegovina, governor of Dalmatia and military commander of Zadar (Zara).
He died in 1885 in Zadar. His grave and monument is in the Military graveyard in Dubrovnik
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# Roger Moulson
**Roger Moulson** is an English poet whose debut volume *Waiting for the Night-Rowers* was announced in November 2006 as the winner of the Jerwood Aldeburgh First Collection Prize for that year. Michael Laskey, Chairman of the Poetry Trust and one of the award's judges said, "Roger Moulson\'s *Waiting for the Night-Rowers* is a substantial and exciting collection, a mature distillation of a varied life experience. Admirably attentive to the world and to their own inner impulses, these are authentic and most satisfying poems. The real thing, we all thought.\" *Waiting for the Night-Rowers*, also short-listed for the 2006 Guardian First Book Award, was published by Enitharmon Press as the second volume in the Enitharmon New Poets series.
Moulson was born in West Yorkshire in 1945 and read classics at Oxford. He began writing poetry in 1995 and has been taught by Michael Donaghy and Elaine Feinstein
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# Serverware Group
`{{Infobox company
| name = Serverware Group plc
| industry = [[software company]]
| founded = November 1983
| defunct = 27 April 2017
| founder = Peter Seldon <br>Selim Kohen
}}`{=mediawiki} **Serverware Group plc** was a software company formed in November 1983 following a management buyout of Information Systems Group plc.
## Early history {#early_history}
The company was formed by Peter Seldon (father of journalist Myma Seldon) and Selim Kohen to develop systems management software. Initially the software focus was on Unix and Pick software, but in the mid-1990s the company moved into Windows NT software development. While the core business was software development, the company also resold products developed by other manufacturers (such as Diskeeper, FAXmaker, Octopus, Quota Manager and Remotely Possible) to help with the funding of their own software.
## SeNTry
The first NT product to be developed by the company was SeNTry. This allowed administrators to monitor the Event Logs of multiple Windows NT computers from a central location. The list of product features grew as development continued until, in June 1998 the intellectual property rights were bought by Mission Critical Software, Inc., who renamed the product **Enterprise Event Manager**. They later merged with NetIQ,. No code from SeNTry was part of the Mission Critical-developed product Operations Manager which was later licensed to Microsoft.
## Enterprise Configuration Manager {#enterprise_configuration_manager}
Following the successful sale of SeNTry, Serverware began development of a new management tool. Originally named *eNTts* (or **e**nhanced **NT** **t**ool **s**et) the product allowed administrators to manage and control Windows NT services, DLLs and user passwords on remote Windows NT computers. Later versions increased the feature count by adding registry monitoring, Emergency Repair Disk creation and more.
In 1999 the rights to the product (by this time named **Enterprise Configuration Manager** or **ECM**) was sold to a company named Configuresoft, Inc., which was founded for this purpose. Serverware took a stake in the new start-up as part of the deal.
## Serverware after Selim Kohen {#serverware_after_selim_kohen}
In 2000 Technical Director Selim Kohen died, aged 50. As he had been the driving force behind the development of new products the company scaled back their development work, and continued operating primarily as a reseller, and the UK distributor for *ECM* and Aftama IETP technology.
In 2008 Serverware group formed a subsidiary of the main company that specialised in the needs of Government in the UK and Europe they appointed a new CEO to run this operation and develop the core offerings of Serverware Group going forward.
The company was dissolved on 27 April 2017
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# 2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
The **2004--05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season** was a near average season, despite beginning unusually early on August 30 with the formation of an early-season tropical depression. Météo-France\'s meteorological office in Réunion (MFR) ultimately monitored 18 tropical disturbances during the season, of which 15 became tropical depressions. Two storms -- Arola and Bento -- formed in November, and the latter became the most intense November cyclone on record. Bento attained its peak intensity at a low latitude, and weakened before threatening land. Tropical Cyclone Chambo was the only named storm in December. In January, Severe Tropical Storm Daren and Cyclone Ernest existed simultaneously. The latter storm struck southern Madagascar, and five days later, Moderate Tropical Storm Felapi affected the same area; the two storms killed 78 people and left over 32,000 people homeless. At the end of January, Severe Tropical Storm Gerard existed as an unnamed tropical storm for 18 hours due to discrepancies between warning centers.
After a series of weak tropical systems in February, there were two storms in March. Severe Tropical Storm Hennie brought heavy rainfall to the Mascarene Islands, and Severe Tropical Storm Isang remained away from land. The season\'s strongest storm originated in the neighboring Australian basin, developing in early April near the Cocos Islands. After being named Adeline by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), the MFR renamed the storm Juliet once the storm crossed 90°E. Juliet would reach maximum sustained winds of 220 km/h, making it a very intense tropical cyclone. Juliet damaged corn plantations on the island of Rodrigues before becoming an extratropical cyclone on April 11, thus ending the season.
\_\_TOC\_\_ {{-}}
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# 2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Seasonal summary {#seasonal_summary}
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` id:TS value:rgb(0.30,1,1) legend:Moderate_Tropical_Storm_=_39–54_mph_(63–88_km/h)`\
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` from:01/10/2004 till:31/10/2004 text:October`\
` from:01/11/2004 till:30/11/2004 text:November`\
` from:01/12/2004 till:31/12/2004 text:December`\
` from:01/01/2005 till:31/01/2005 text:January`\
` from:01/02/2005 till:28/02/2005 text:February`\
` from:01/03/2005 till:31/03/2005 text:March`\
` from:01/04/2005 till:30/04/2005 text:April`
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Météo-France\'s meteorological office in Réunion (MFR) is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the South-West Indian Ocean, tracking all tropical cyclones from the east coast of Africa to 90° E. The agency tracked 18 tropical disturbances, including one zone of disturbed weather that lasted for one advisory, which was higher than normal. The agency assessed that 15 disturbances reached tropical depression intensity. Ten of these weather systems intensified into named storms, which was one higher than normal. There were 44 days in which a named storm was active, lower than the average of 53. There was an unusual period of inactivity across much of the basin from January to March, typically the most active months. During this time, the Intertropical Convergence Zone was located farther south than usual, causing any developing storms to reach their peak intensity at higher latitudes. The exception was southern Madagascar, which was affected by Cyclone Ernest and Tropical Storm Felapi in a five-day span in late January. Four of the named storms attained maximum sustained winds of at least 120 km/h, the threshold for tropical cyclone intensity; this was also near normal. Three tropical cyclones strengthened into intense tropical cyclones, including Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Juliet.
In addition to the MFR, the American-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center issued warnings for cyclones in the basin, as well as the entire southern hemisphere. The agency did not track Tropical Storm Felapi, and it estimated that a tropical depression in October attained tropical storm status.
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# 2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Systems
### Tropical Depression 01 (Phoebe) {#tropical_depression_01_phoebe}
On August 30, an area of low pressure developed near the edge of Météo-France\'s area of responsibility within an unseasonably active monsoonal band which coincided with the Madden--Julian oscillation. Tracking towards the southeast, the low experienced strong deep-level wind shear which kept most of the convection displaced from the center of circulation. On August 31, convection managed to develop around the west and southwestern portions of the low, and was designated as Tropical Depression 01. The depression reached its peak intensity at this time with winds of 55 km/h (35 mph 10-minute winds) and a minimum pressure of 999 hPa (mbar). Shortly after, the depression entered Australian Bureau of Meteorology in Perth\'s area of responsibility. The depression later intensified into a tropical cyclone and was named Phoebe.
### Tropical Depression 02 {#tropical_depression_02}
Toward the end of October, low-pressure areas developed on both sides of the equator in the west-central Indian Ocean. The system in the North Indian Ocean failed to develop, but the Southern Hemisphere system became Tropical Disturbance 02 on October 25. Moving westward, the disturbance had an organized area of thunderstorms near the center, with favorable conditions provided by the subtropical ridge. The MFR upgraded the disturbance to a depression on October 26, and briefly downgraded the system after the circulation became exposed, only to upgrade it again to a depression the next day. The JTWC initiated warnings on the system as Tropical Cyclone 02S on October 27, estimating 1-minute winds of 65 km/h. That day, the system passed about 370 km north of Madagascar. Wind shear in the region caused the storm to weaken again. On October 29, the weak disturbance moved ashore in eastern Tanzania near Dar es Salaam, dropping heavy rainfall.
### Severe Tropical Storm Arola {#severe_tropical_storm_arola}
The near-equatorial trough spawned an area of convection east of Diego Garcia on November 6, which the MFR classified as a tropical disturbance. The system slowly organized amid favorable conditions, including low to moderate wind shear. On November 8, the MFR upgraded the system to a tropical depression and later Moderate Tropical Storm Arola, and the JTWC classified it as Tropical Cyclone 03S. Steered by a ridge to the south, Arola moved southwestward at first while quickly intensifying. Late on November 8, the MFR estimated peak winds of 110 km/h, making Arola a severe tropical storm. Early the next day, the JTWC upgraded the storm to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane, estimating peak winds of 120 km/h. The storm turned to a westward drift, entering an area of higher wind shear and cooler waters, which caused Arola to weaken. On November 12, the MFR downgraded the storm to a tropical depression, by which time the storm was moving southwestward again, passing south of Diego Garcia. The JTWC discontinued advisories the next day. The MFR tracked Arola until November 18. {{-}}
### Intense Tropical Cyclone Bento {#intense_tropical_cyclone_bento}
On the same day that Arola dissipated, the near-equatorial trough spawned another area of convection east of Diego Garcia. A day later, the MFR classified the system as a tropical disturbance as the thunderstorms organized and consolidated, amid favorable conditions. On November 20, the MFR upgraded the system to Tropical Storm Bento, and the JTWC initiated advisories as Tropical Cyclone 04S. At first, Bento drifted to the southeast, but turned to the west two days later. The MFR upgraded the storm to tropical cyclone status on November 22, the same day that the storm began a rapid intensification phase. On November 23, the MFR estimated peak 10 minute winds of 215 km/h, and the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 260 km/h, equivalent to a Category 5 on the Saffir--Simpson scale. This made Bento among the most intense tropical cyclones in the basin within 10º of the equator, only surpassed by Cyclone Fantala in April 2016. It also made Bento the strongest cyclone in the basin in the month of November, surpassing Cyclone Agnielle in 1995.
Around its time of peak intensity, Bento was located far away from land -- about 325 km (200 mi) east-southeast of Diego Garcia. It was also moving southwestward due to a ridge to its southeast. On November 24, the cyclone began weakening due to an eyewall replacement cycle, as well as the presence of drier air and increased wind shear. A day later, Bento turned to the southeast, steered by a passing trough. The MFR downgraded the cyclone to tropical storm status on November 26, but upgraded it back to tropical cyclone status a day later. By late on November 27, the circulation was exposed from the convection. Bento turned to the west and failed to reintensify due to cooler waters. The JTWC discontinued advisories on November 29, but the MFR continued tracking the system as a tropical disturbance until December 3, when Bento was passing north of the Mascarene Islands. {{-}}
### Subtropical Depression 05 {#subtropical_depression_05}
On December 11, the MFR issued two bulletins for Subtropical Depression 05. The system formed about halfway between the southern tip of Madagascar, and failed to intensify.
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# 2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Systems
### Tropical Cyclone Chambo {#tropical_cyclone_chambo}
In the middle of December, the near-equatorial trough spawned an area of convection to the west of Indonesia. For several days, the system drifted westward through an area of minimal wind shear. On December 22, the MFR classified the system as Tropical Disturbance 6 to the northwest of the Cocos Islands. By that time, the thunderstorms were increasing and consolidating. The JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 06S on December 23. On the next day, the MFR upgraded the system to Moderate Tropical Storm Chambo. The storm quickly intensified as it moved southwestward, steered by a ridge to its southeast. On December 25, the MFR upgraded Chambo to tropical cyclone status, and the next day estimated peak 10 minute winds of 155 km/h. The JTWC meanwhile estimated peak 1 minute winds of 195 km/h. Cooler waters and stronger wind shear caused Chambo to begin weakening on December 27. By the next day, the circulation became exposed from the thunderstorms, and the JTWC discontinued advisories. On December 30, the MFR reclassified Chambo as an extratropical cyclone. The storm turned to the south and later southeast, and was last mentioned by the MFR on January 2. {{-}}
### Tropical Depression 07 {#tropical_depression_07}
On January 4, the MFR began issuing warnings on Tropical Depression 7 in the Mozambique Channel. The system moved southeastward, moving ashore western Madagascar between Morombe and Toliara on January 5, and quickly dissipated.
### Intense Tropical Cyclone Ernest {#intense_tropical_cyclone_ernest}
An area of convection developed west of Diego Garcia on January 16, prompting the MFR to classify it as Tropical Disturbance 8. A day later, the agency briefly discontinued advisories, only to resume them on January 19 as the disturbance passed north of Madagascar. That day, the JTWC classified the system as Tropical Cyclone 12S. On January 20, the MFR upgraded the system to Tropical Storm Ernest to the east of the Comoros. The storm quickly intensified, and within 12 hours of being named, the MFR upgraded Ernest to tropical cyclone status. The cyclone turned to the south through the Mozambique Channel, attaining peak winds of 165 km/h on January 22, according to the MFR. The JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 185 km/h. On the next day, Ernest turned southeast and made landfall in extreme southern Madagascar, near Itampolo. It quickly emerged over open waters and weakened. On January 24, the MFR reclassified Ernest as an extratropical cyclone, tracking it for one more day.
In southern Madagascar, Ernest produced high wind gusts, reaching 180 km/h in Toliara. The same town recorded heavy rainfall during the storm\'s passage, totaling 237.2 mm over 24 hours. Ernest\'s Madagascar impacts were followed by Tropical Storm Felapi five days later. Ernest killed 78 people in Madagascar. Collectively, Ernest and Felapi damaged 5,792 buildings, which left 32,191 people homeless. Madagascar\'s National Emergency Centre deployed workers to do search and rescue missions and provide water to storm victims. The World Food Programme provided 45 tons of rice to affected residents, although persistent flooding disrupted relief work. {{-}}
### Severe Tropical Storm Daren {#severe_tropical_storm_daren}
An area of thunderstorms formed on January 13 to the northwest of the Cocos Islands in the Australian basin. The system moved westward and organized gradually, hampered by strong wind shear. On January 17, the MFR classified the system as Tropical Disturbance 9 to the east of Diego Garcia. On the next day, the JTWC classified the disturbance as Tropical Cyclone 11S. The nascent system intensified into Tropical Storm Daren on January 19, reaching peak 10 minute winds of 95 km/h that day according to the MFR. The JTWC meanwhile estimated peak 1 minute winds of 85 km/h. Steered by a ridge to its southeast, Daren moved southwestward and failed to intensify further. After encountering stronger wind shear, Daren weakened, and its circulation became exposed from the thunderstorms. The JTWC discontinued advisories on January 20. On the next day, the MFR downgraded Daren to a tropical depression while the system was passing north of Rodrigues. The MFR continued tracking Daren until January 23, when the disturbance was passing north of Mauritius. {{-}}
### Moderate Tropical Storm Felapi {#moderate_tropical_storm_felapi}
Three days after Cyclone Ernest exited the Mozambique Channel, an area of convection developed in the region, which the MFR classified as a tropical disturbance on January 26. The system organized while moving toward western Madagascar. On January 27, the MFR upgraded it to Moderate Tropical Storm Felapi, estimating peak winds of 65 km/h. That day, Felapi moved ashore near Toliara, and quickly weakened back to tropical depression status. The system emerged near the southeast coast of Madagascar and turned to the northeast, transitioning into a subtropical cyclone. On January 31, Felapi turned to the south, and re-intensified to its former peak intensity as a subtropical depression. The storm weakened again and accelerated to the southeast. The MFR continued tracking Felapi until February 3. The JTWC did not issue advisories on the storm.
In southern Madagascar, Felapi dropped additional rainfall following Cyclone Ernest. Rainfall in Morondava reached 157.2 mm. Winds on the island reached 61 km/h inland at Ranohira. {{-}}
### Severe Tropical Storm Gerard {#severe_tropical_storm_gerard}
An area of convection persisted east of Diego Garcia on January 27. The system moved west-southwestward, with its circulation displaced from the thunderstorms due to strong wind shear and cooler air. The MFR classified the system as a tropical disturbance on January 29 and upgraded it to a tropical depression the next day, only to downgrade it again to a disturbance on January 31, after nearly all thunderstorms diminished. For several days, the weak system drifted southwestward toward the Mascarene Islands, steered by a ridge to the southeast. On February 2, thunderstorm activity increased as the system passed over Rodrigues, although the structure resembled a monsoon depression more commonly found in the Western Pacific Ocean. Over the next day, the structure became more akin to a tropical cyclone, with increasing convection and an eye-like feature near the center.
On February 3, the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 14S, and the MFR upgraded the depression to a moderate tropical storm. Ordinarily, this would result in the system being named; however, the Mauritius Meteorological Services responsible for naming believed it had not yet attained such intensity. For about 15 hours, the unnamed tropical storm intensified while accelerating to the south due to a passing trough. At 03:00 UTC on February 4, the Mauritius Meteorological Services named the storm *Gerard*. Shortly thereafter, the MFR estimated peak winds of 115 km/h, just shy of tropical cyclone status, and similar to the JTWC estimate of 110 km/h. The MFR noted uncertainty in the peak winds, due to the fast forward speed and small size. On February 5, Gerard rapidly weakened as it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. In the report to the WMO, the MFR noted that \"for a tropical depression system of such intensity not to be named is unprecedented in the recent history of the basin.\" {{-}}
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# 2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Systems
### Tropical Depression 13 {#tropical_depression_13}
Tropical Depression 13 formed on February 4 to the north of Mauritius. It moved southwestward and failed to intensify beyond winds of 55 km/h. The depression passed just east of Mauritius on February 6, and became extratropical two days later.
### Tropical Depression 15 {#tropical_depression_15}
On February 24, Tropical Disturbance 15 formed east of Diego Garcia. It drifted southward and intensified into a tropical depression on February 26, but dissipated two days later.
### Severe Tropical Storm Hennie {#severe_tropical_storm_hennie}
After a period of inactivity lasting about three weeks, a tropical disturbance formed on March 19 to the west of Diego Garcia. With low wind shear, the system developed a broad area of rotating thunderstorms. It moved southwestward, steered by a ridge to the southeast. The JTWC initiated advisories on the system late on March 21 as Tropical Cyclone 24S. On the next day, the MFR upgraded the disturbance to a tropical depression, and the Mauritius Meteorological Services named the system *Hennie* due to the threat to the Mascarene Islands. The MFR upgraded Hennie to a moderate tropical storm on March 23, and by that time the storm was moving southward. On March 24, Hennie passed about 140 km (85 mi) east of Mauritius. That day, the MFR estimated peak 10 minute winds of 100 km/h, making Hennie a severe tropical storm. The JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 120 km/h, equivalent to a minimal hurricane. After passing the Mascarene Islands, Hennie turned to the southeast, entering an area of cooler, drier air. The circulation became exposed from the convection on March 26. On the next day, the MFR reclassified Hennie as an extratropical cyclone, and continued to track the storm for several more days as it accelerated southeastward. The MFR last mentioned the remnants of Hennie on April 1 when the storm was located over the far southeastern Indian Ocean.
The storm dropped heavy rainfall in the Mascarene Islands, including a 24-hour precipitation total of 397 mm in the mountainous peaks of Réunion. Rainfall on Mauritius reached 202.8 mm at Sans-Souci. The rains caused flooding on Mauritius, resulting in the closure of airports and ports. {{-}}
### Severe Tropical Storm Isang {#severe_tropical_storm_isang}
On March 29, an area of convection formed east-southeast of Diego Garcia and consolidated around a broad developing circulation. That day, the MFR designated the system as Tropical Disturbance 17. For several days, the system waxed and waned in organization as it drifted to the west-southwest. On April 3, the thunderstorms increased and organized around the center, prompting the MFR to upgrade the system to Moderate Tropical Storm Isang. That day, the JTWC initiated advisories on Tropical Cyclone 25S, located south of Diego Garcia and northeast of Rodrigues. The storm moved around the ridge to its southeast, intensifying slowly due to dry air in the region. On April 5, Isang turned to the south-east, and the thunderstorms became more organized, developing an eye-like feature. On the next day, the MFR estimated peak 10 minute winds of 115 km/h, and the JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 100 km/h. Soon after reaching peak intensity, Isang encountered stronger wind shear and cold, dry air, which resulted in weakening. The MFR re-classified the storm as an extratropical cyclone on April 7, and continued tracking Isang for another day. {{-}}
### Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Adeline--Juliet {#very_intense_tropical_cyclone_adelinejuliet}
The near-equatorial trough spawned a circulation in the Australian region on April 2 to the east of the Cocos Islands. The BoM upgraded the system to Tropical Cyclone Adeline on April 3 while the storm was passing south of the islands. Continuing westward, the storm intensified further, reaching the equivalent of tropical cyclone status on April 4. On the same day, the JTWC classified the storm as Tropical Cyclone 26S. On April 5, Adeline crossed 90°E into the South-West Indian Ocean, whereupon the Mauritius Meteorological Service renamed the storm *Juliet*. The cyclone intensified further to an intense tropical cyclone on April 6, reaching 10 minute winds of 185 km/h before weakening.
Cyclone Juliet began re-intensifying on April 8, by which time the storm had begun moving to the west-southwest. On April 9, the MFR upgraded Juliet to a very intense tropical cyclone, estimating peak 10 minute winds of 220 km/h. This would be the last very intense tropical cyclone until Edzani in 2010. The JTWC estimated slightly higher 1-minute winds of 230 km/h. On April 10, Juliet turned toward the south, passing about 215 km (135 mi) east-southeast of Rodrigues. On the island, the cyclone\'s strong winds heavily damaged 15 corn plantations. After passing Rodrigues, the cyclone weakened due to drier air, cooler waters, and higher wind shear, causing the circulation to become exposed from the convection. Juliet weakened below tropical cyclone status on April 12 while accelerating to the southeast. On the same day, the MFR reclassified the storm as extratropical. The agency followed Juliet until April 16. {{-}}
### Other storms {#other_storms}
In late November, the precursor low that would become Cyclone Agni in the North Indian Ocean briefly crossed the equator and entered the basin to reach approximately 0.5° S, keeping its counter-clockwise circulation. The JTWC assessed the low as remaining in the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far south as 0.7° N. Its center later curved back north and developed into a tropical cyclone north of the equator, reaching the extremely low latitude of 1.5° N while tropical.
Later in January, the MFR issued one warning for Zone of Disturbed Weather 10, located well to the southeast of Diego Garcia. On February 8, Tropical Disturbance 14 formed to the northwest of Mauritius. For two days the system drifted westward before turning back to the east, reaching a point northeast of Mauritius on February 13. The disturbance then turned to the west-southwest, and was tracked by the MFR until February 17.
## Storm names {#storm_names}
A tropical disturbance is named when it reaches moderate tropical storm strength. If a tropical disturbance reaches moderate tropical storm status west of 55°E, then the Sub-regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre in Madagascar assigns the appropriate name to the storm. If a tropical disturbance reaches moderate tropical storm status between 55°E and 90°E, then the Sub-regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centre in Mauritius assigns the appropriate name to the storm. A new annual list is used every year so no names are retired.
+------------+------------+------+
| - Arola | - Juliet | - |
| - Bento | - | - |
| - Chambo | - | - |
| - Daren | - | - |
| - Ernest | - | - |
| - Felapi | - | - |
| - Gerard | - | - |
| - Hennie | - | - |
| - Isang | - | |
+------------+------------+------+
| 1,144 |
2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
| 4 |
11,019,092 |
# 2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
## Seasonal effects {#seasonal_effects}
This table lists all of the tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones that were monitored during the 2004--05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. Information on their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, primarily comes from RSMC La Réunion. Death and damage reports come from either press reports or the relevant national disaster management agency while the damage totals are given in 2004 USD
| 72 |
2004–05 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
| 5 |
11,019,093 |
# King armored car
The **King armored car** was manufactured by the Armored Motor Car Company (AMC). It was the first American armored vehicle, and was ordered by the United States Marine Corps in 1915 for testing before being used by the 1st Armored Car Squadron, which consisted of eight cars. The 1st Armored Car Squadron was the US\'s first formal armored unit.
## Description
The car had one Lewis gun (M1895 Colt--Browning on earlier models) mounted in an armored turret to protect the gunner from small arms fire. It was designed to be quite easy to transport. It could be taken ashore whole or it could be broken down into smaller pieces to put into motor launches, taken ashore, and reassembled on the beach. However, it could not be considered an unqualified success, as it was not very reliable. This problem was compounded by a lack of qualified mechanics, and replacement parts were few and far between.
## Service
The 1st Armored Truck Squadron did not see any action during World War I. During World War I, General Pershing refused USMC Commandant George Barnett\'s offer of a Marine division. Had General Pershing accepted General Barnett\'s offer, it is highly probable that the 1st Armored Car Squadron would have been sent along with it. The 1st Armored Car Squadron was disbanded in 1921
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| 0 |
11,019,102 |
# Diacetyl reductase
**Diacetyl reductase** is the name of two acetoin forming enzymes:
- Diacetyl reductase ((R)-acetoin forming)
- Diacetyl reductase ((S)-acetoin forming)
| 23 |
Diacetyl reductase
| 0 |
11,019,105 |
# Raymond Ebanks
**Raymond Anthony Ebanks**, also known as **B.O. Dubb** (formerly known as **B.O.W.**; born 2 January 1970), is a Finnish rapper and singer best known as the frontman of the hip-hop group the Bomfunk MC\'s.
## Early career {#early_career}
Ebanks was born in London to a British father of Jamaican and English extraction and a Finnish mother. He moved to Kontula, Helsinki, Finland, with his parents at an early age. He began recording music as a teenager in the early 1990s as part of the Finnish hip hop group The Master Brothers, who often performed over DJ sets at clubs. Whilst no recordings were made, some of their performances were recorded, and have emerged online. Around this time, Ebanks performed guest raps on the song \"Cryin\' Out\" by Rama (1994).
## Soup De Loop {#soup_de_loop}
In 1995, Ebanks teamed up with longtime producer Jaakko \"JS16\" Salovaara and singer Mari Vesala to form the pop group Soup De Loop, and signed to the now defunct Blue Bubble Records. Their music was a combination of female sung house and G-funk hip hop music, with Vesala singing and Ebanks providing raps. The group released an album, *Brainspotting* in 1997, as well as several singles including \"Keep On Doing\", which was a hit in Finland and appeared on several dance compilations around the time. Despite this, the group did not have any success outside Finland. Vesala left the group some time after the album was released, and they broke up rather than look for another singer.
## Bomfunk MC\'s: 1999--2005 {#bomfunk_mcs_19992005}
After the breakup of Soup De Loop, Ebanks and JS16 teamed up with DJ Ismo \"DJ Gismo\" Lappalainen to form Bomfunk MC\'s. The band were signed to Sony Music Finland due to Blue Bubble Records going under. The band quickly became known for the breakdancing in their videos and the graffiti in their album cover designs, both things which contributed to their popularity. Despite the associations with breakdancing, the band did perform slower-paced hip hop songs as well and some more trancey material later on. The group released two albums with DJ Gismo - *In Stereo* and *Burnin\' Sneakers*, and released a number of successful singles, the most notable of which being \"Uprocking Beats\" and \"Freestyler\". \"Freestyler\" in particular became the band\'s signature song, which they are still remembered for to this day.
The band remained popular in Finland and Europe, but lost popularity elsewhere and their last release in the UK was \"Super Electric\", whose parent album, *Burnin\' Sneakers* was never released in the UK due to poor sales of the single. However, the band contributed the official World Cup 2002 song for Sweden \"(Crack It) Something Goin\' On\", as well as contributed \"Put Your Hands Up\" and \"We R Atomic\" to the PlayStation game *Firebugs*, in which they appeared as playable characters. These appearances revived the band\'s popularity in the UK, but it was not enough for the album to be released there. DJ Gismo left Bomfunk MC\'s in 2002 in order to join the group Stonedeep. He was replaced by Skillsters duo, which consists of Riku Pentti (DJ) and Okke Komulainen (keyboards).
In 2004, JS16 guested on a number of songs by Beats and Styles. These have been erroneously credited as Bomfunk MC\'s songs, although the only real difference is the producer.
In 2005, the group signed to Universal/Polydor and recorded the album *Reverse Psychology*. This album was very different to the previous two, as it had far more of a straightforward hip hop sound, in that respect, more in common with the Soup De Loop material. The album was half produced by JS16, and the other half by Pentti and Komulainen. The band also experimented more with trance inspired songs such as \"Hypnotic\" and \"Turn It Up\", and dance-rock songs such as \"No Way in Hell\" and \"Reverse Psychology\". The album also featured a guest appearance from Kurtis Blow, of \"The Breaks\" fame. Whilst the album produced the big European hit \"No Way in Hell\", it quickly became rare and obscure, due to only being released in Scandinavia, Germany and Eastern Europe. DJ Gismo appears on the cover of the album despite not contributing to it, this is likely to be for marketing reasons.
A while after the release of the album, the group quietly split up, and Ebanks moved to Belgium. It has said this was due to Ebanks\' desire to retire from the spotlight. JS16 has continued producing music.
## Post-Bomfunk MC\'s {#post_bomfunk_mcs}
Since Bomfunk MC\'s breakup, Ebanks has largely disappeared from the music industry, although he did guest on a few tracks.
In 2011, a Finnish rap compilation *Rappiotaidetta: Suomiräpin vaippaikä* was released, which features Ebanks performing a song entitled \"*italic=unset*\" under the pseudonym Keijo K from 1990. It is possibly the only released recording of Ebanks rapping in Finnish.
In 2014, Soup De Loop\'s album *Brainspotting* appeared for digital download worldwide, after being an out of print and expensive Finland-only release for years. The masters were owned by Sony-BMG who had taken over the Blue Bubble Label on which the album was originally released.
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# Raymond Ebanks
## Discography
### With Soup De Loop {#with_soup_de_loop}
#### Albums
- *Brainspotting* (1997)
#### Singles
- \"Keep On Doing\" (1995)
- \"Love the Way\" (1996)
- \"I Gotta Get Away\" (1997)
- \"What Was Said and Done\" (1997)
### With Bomfunk MC\'s {#with_bomfunk_mcs}
#### Albums {#albums_1}
- 1999 - *In Stereo* (Sony Music/Epidrome) (worldwide)
- 2002 - *Burnin\' Sneakers* (Sony Music/Epidrome) (Europe only \[not UK\])
- 2005 - *Reverse Psychology* (Universal Music/Polydor) (Europe only \[not UK\])
#### Singles {#singles_1}
- \"Uprocking Beats (1998/1999) (UK, Germany, Sweden, Finland and Australia)
- \"Freestyler\" (1999 Finland only) (2000 worldwide)
- \"B-Boys & Flygirls\" (1999) (Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Germany, Australia)
- \"Sky\'s the Limit\" (1999) (promo only, Finland only)
- \"Rocking Just to Make Ya Move\" (1999) (Finland only)
- \"Other Emcees\" (1999) (Finland only)
- \"Super Electric\" (2001) (UK and Europe - this was the band\'s last single in the UK)
- \"Live Your Life\", feat. Max C (2002)
- \"(Crack It!) Something Goin\' On\", feat. Jessica Folcker (Finland only, although it did appear internationally on the \"FIFA World Cup 2002 soundtrack album\").
- \"Back to Back\", feat. Z-MC, CD Single, (2002) (Finland only)
- \"No Way in Hell\" (2004) (Europe excluding UK)
- \"Hypnotic\", feat. Elena Mady (2005) (Scandinavia only)
- \"Turn It Up\", feat. Anna Nordell (2005) (radio promo)
### Solo
#### Appears on {#appears_on}
- Dynamite (CD, single, enhanced) Epic 2004
- Kool Kat Kollabo EP (2xLP) Kool Kat Records 2003
- This Is\..
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# Kate Rhodes
**Kate Rhodes** (born 1964, in London) is a British poet and novelist.
In 1993 she completed a Ph.D. on the work of Tennessee Williams at the University of Essex, and has worked as an English teacher in a sixth form college and as a university lecturer. In 2004 she was granted a fellowship by the Hawthornden Literary Institute. Her debut collection *Reversal* was published in 2005 by Enitharmon Press. *Reversal* was the inaugural volume of the Enitharmon New Poets Series
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# Indica (Finnish band)
**Indica** is a Finnish pop rock band founded in 2001. Jani Jalonen of Sony Music became interested in the group, and a recording contract was signed 2003. Indica\'s first album, *Ikuinen virta* was released in 2004. It has since sold platinum in Finland.
Indica supported Nightwish during their Scandinavian tour 2007 in which they performed English versions of their songs. Tuomas Holopainen of Nightwish produced their next album, *Valoissa*, while many of the songs employed the orchestral talents of Pip Williams and the literary talents of their lyrics collaborator Rory Winston. The band was also added to the line-up for Nightwish\'s second half of the *Dark Passion Play* Tour with Pain.
## History
Indica was founded in 2001 by Johanna Salomaa (nicknamed \"Jonsu\"; vocals, violin), Heini Säisä (bass), Sirkku Karvonen (keyboards), Jenny Julia Mandelin (guitar) and Laura Häkkänen (drums). Before this, the girls had already spent their entire childhood surrounded by classical music and had also played in a few different band line-ups. During Christmas 2002, Indica signed a management contract with Peter Kokljuschin and in 2003 a record deal with SonyMusic, leading to Indica starting work on their debut album.
The album was co-produced by Gabi Hakanen and Erno Laitinen, and from here began the journey of Indica and Erno together which took them through three albums. The platinum-selling debut album *Ikuinen virta* was released in 2004, and from this album the title track as well as the song *Scarlett* were released as singles. Indica\'s second record *Tuuliset tienoot* was released in the Autumn of 2005 and went on to sell over 20,000 discs, and the third album *Kadonnut puutarha* was released in spring 2007.
Indica\'s music and lyrics are written by the band\'s singer Jonsu, who started her composer\'s career even before she went to school, writing little \'symphonies\' two bars long. Jonsu has explained that, to her, the biggest inspirational source for writing music is the music from movies. The lyrics stem from her own life, the lives of her friends, and also from dreams. thumb\|upright=1.2\|Indica in 2006 Indica, known for their playful and lively stage presence and their distinctive music, went travelling outside Finland near the close of 2007 when they performed as the support act for Nightwish during their Scandinavian tour. Indica were well received in the other Nordic countries. A tight collaboration between Indica and Nightwish frontman Tuomas Holopainen started on this tour, aimed at creating the next album. Tuomas was the producer of the fourth Indica longplayer, released autumn 2008 and titled *Valoissa* (\'In the Lights\'). The first single *Pahinta tänään* (\'Worst of Today\') was released on 8 May 2008, followed by *Valoissa* in August 2008, and *10 h myöhässä* (\'10 Hours Late\') in January, all with accompanying music videos.
### *A Way Away* (2010) {#a_way_away_2010}
A compilation album called *Pahinta tänään: Kokoelma*, was released in Finland on 21 October 2009, and contains old tracks, along with four new or unreleased ones. One of these unreleased songs is *Valokeilojen vampyyri* (translated on their webpage as \'Vampire in the Light Beams\', though more accurately translated as \'Limelight Vampire\'). This is an old Indica song which was played at a few gigs in 2004, and Indica said it would never be heard again. This song is also their last single, and a video has been made, with the theme of Indica\'s early days.
The band\'s first English album, *A Way Away*, was released 2 June 2010. It is a CD of English reinterpretations of some previously published compositions. Some that have been rewritten are *Pahinta tänään*, *Noita* (\'Witch\') from *Kadonnut puutarha* (\'The Lost Garden\'), and *Vuorien taa* (\'Beyond the Mountains\') from *Tuuliset tienoot* (\'Windy Shires\'), which was rewritten as *Siren Song*. A short piece can be found on their website, and on live performances on YouTube, along with a few other English versions. The song was altered for the album and renamed *Islands of Light*. *A Way Away* includes production by Tuomas Holopainen, as well as collaboration on all lyrics by the poet and screenwriter Rory Winston, as well as orchestration by Pip Williams. Two videos have been recorded in Tokyo for this English album by the French photographer Denis Goria (Nightwish, Pain, Amorphis, Hypocrisy, Naked, Tarot, The Hellacopters, etc.). The original Finnish songs that have been remade in English are *Pahinta tänään*, renamed *Straight and Arrow*, and *Valoissa* as *In Passing*. The videos for both are available on YouTube.
### *Akvaario*/*Shine* and departure of Jenny Julia (2014) {#akvaarioshine_and_departure_of_jenny_julia_2014}
In autumn of 2013, the band announced the release of new material. On 29 November 2013, the band released a new Finnish single, \"Älä kanna pelkoa\". On 24 January 2014, they released a new album called *Akvaario* (Aquarium). The album was simultaneously published in English with the title *Shine*. The first single from *Shine*, \"A Definite Maybe\", was released on 6 December 2013.
On 15 October 2014, guitarist Jenny left the band.
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# Indica (Finnish band)
## History
### Possible upcoming album {#possible_upcoming_album}
On 22 August 2017, Indica posted a picture on their official Facebook page of the band in the studio, with the caption, \"Here we go again!\". This had led to speculation that the band may have a new album in the works. As of January 2023, no further announcements were made about new music.
On 16 March 2023, the band announced that its 8 year break would end, and a new single \"Year 95\" would be released on 24 March 2023.
## Members
**Current**
- Johanna \"Jonsu\" Salomaa -- lead vocals, violin, rhythm guitar, keyboards
- Heini Säisä -- bass, backing vocals
- Sirkku Karvonen -- keyboards, clarinet, backing vocals
- Laura Häkkänen -- drums, studio backing vocals
**Former**
- Jenny Mandelin -- lead guitar, backing vocals (2001--2014)
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| 1 |
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# Indica (Finnish band)
## Discography
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | |
+==============================+===========================================+======================+======+
| FIN\ | GER\ | AUT\ | SWI\ |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| 2004 | *Ikuinen virta* (\'The Eternal Stream\') | 4 | --- |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 16 August 2004 | | |
| | - Label: Sony BMG Finland | | |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| 2005 | *Tuuliset tienoot* (\'Windy Shires\') | 12 | --- |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 26 October 2005 | | |
| | - Label: Sony BMG Finland | | |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| 2007 | *Kadonnut puutarha* (\'The Lost Garden\') | 8 | --- |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 21 March 2007 | | |
| | - Label: Sony BMG Finland | | |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| 2008 | *Valoissa* (\'In The Lights\') | 3 | --- |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 17 September 2008 | | |
| | - Label: Sony BMG Finland | | |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| 2010 | *A Way Away* | 8 | 20 |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 2 June 2010 | | |
| | - Label: Nuclear Blast | | |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| 2014 | *Shine* | --- | 99 |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 24 January 2014 | | |
| | - Label: Nuclear Blast | | |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| 2014 | *Akvaario* (\'Aquarium\') | 3 | --- |
| | | | |
| | - Released: 24 January 2014 | | |
| | - Label: KHY Suomen Musiikki Oy | | |
+------------------------------+-------------------------------------------+----------------------+------+
| \"---\" Album did not chart
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| 2 |
11,019,167 |
# My Sister = My Clock
***My Sister Is My Clock*** is an EP released by the Belgian band dEUS in 1995 with the songs that did not make the 1994 LP *Worst Case Scenario*. It was recorded and mixed at Caraibes in Brussels in August 1994, and edited at the Pingstudio in Ghent. It was produced by the duo Vermeersch/Vervloesem, who also played guitar, piano, bass, and drums on some of the songs.
On the CD all the music is in a single track lasting over 25 minutes.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Middlewave\" (Stef Kamil Carlens) \[2:05\]
2. \"Almost White\" (Rudy Trouvé) \[1:11\]
3. \"Healthinsurance\" (Tom Barman) \[00:59\]
4. \"Little Ghost\" (Stef Kamil Carlens) \[1:28\]
5. \"How to Row a Cat\" (Klaas Janzoons) \[1:34\]
6. \"Only a Colour to Her\" (Tom Barman, Stef Kamil Carlens, Craig Ward) \[4:15\]
7. \"Sweetness \" (Klaas Janzoons, Peter Vermeersch, Pierre Vervloesem, Rudy Trouvé) \[1:04\]
8. \"Sick Sugar\" (Rudy Trouvé) \[1:08\]
9. \"The Horror Partyjokes\" (Tom Barman, Stef Kamil Carlens) \[4:55\]
10. \"Void\" (Rudy Trouvé) \[1:12\]
11. \"San Titre Pour Sira\" (Klaas Janzoons) \[1:20\]
12. \"Glovesong\" (Tom Barman) \[3:58\]
13
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| 0 |
11,019,188 |
# Hanste Zakhm
***Hanste Zakhm*** (`{{Translation}}`{=mediawiki} Laughing Wounds) is a 1973 Indian Hindi film produced and directed by Chetan Anand. The film stars Navin Nischol, Priya Rajvansh, Balraj Sahni, Jeevan in pivotal roles. The film has music composed by Madan Mohan and lyrics written by Kaifi Azmi. This movie features the unforgettable evergreen songs by Lata Mangeshkar and Mohammed Rafi under music direction of Madan Mohan, which turned out to be chartbusters. The most famous song in this film is \"Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho\". The other song is a qawwali, \"Yeh Mana Meri Jaan\" whose tune has been remade numerous times. Madan Mohan produced one of the best works of his life for this feature film. \"Tum Jo Mil Gaye Ho\" was adjudged the third best hindi film song ever by a jury of eminent musicians for an *Outlook* magazine poll. The song is still a rage among youngsters and lovebirds. This movie collected Rs.72000 at capital cinema, which was a record back then and was declared a hit at the box office. it was remade in Pakistan as *Aroosa* (1993) starting Naddam, Reema Khan, and Jan Rambo.
## Plot
The film begins with Mahendru (Balraj Sahni), a widowed police officer and his young daughter, Chanda. Chanda\'s best friend is Rekha (Suman Sikand), the daughter of a prostitute. Rekha stays over at Chanda\'s house, when Rekha\'s mother accidentally kills someone in an effort to stop her pimp (Jeevan) from carrying off Rekha into prostitution as well. She is sent to prison, and begs Mahendru not to reveal to Rekha anything about her life as a working girl. Mahendru promises to protect and raise the child as his own daughter. The pimp, Jeevan, attempts to kidnap Rekha, but his goons mistakenly kidnap Chanda. When he realizes the error, he decides to make the best of a bad situation by asking Mahendru for a large ransom. Mahendru borrows the ransom money from a friend, but the pimp deceives him and delivers the girl to a madam (Nadira).
Many years later, we find cab driver Somesh (Navin Nischol) driving Chanda (Priya Rajvansh) to her clients. Somesh is the ne\'er-do-well scion of a rich family, who has a falling out with his father as he refuses to marry Rekha, the Police Officer\'s daughter. He leaves his wealthy home & life-style to become a cab-driver. Chanda and Somesh fall in love. Chanda eventually realizes that she really is Mahendru\'s daughter. This leads her to assume the daughter\'s duty by trying to convince Somesh to marry Rekha, her sister. She does this by turning alcoholic, in an effort to prove her essential wanton-ness to Somesh - who does not understand her intention and refuses to live his life according to her ideals of filial responsibility. Later, the pimp kidnaps Chanda again and informs Mahendru that his daughter is under his captivity and tries to blackmail him for the release of Chanda. However, Mahendru refuses to give in and attacks Jivan\'s camp with a police force. Chanda dies in this rescue operation. Before dying in her father Mahendru\'s arms, Chanda asks Somesh to marry Rekha, and he does.
## Cast
- Navin Nischol as Somesh
- Priya Rajvansh as Meena / Chanda
- Balraj Sahni as SP Dinanath Mahendru
- Jeevan as Kundan
- Nadira as Brothel Madam
- Achala Sachdev as Heera Bai
- Murad as DIG
- D. K. Sapru as Banwari
- Kamal Kapoor as Daulat Singh
- Mac Mohan as Braganza
- Bharat Kapoor as Somesh\'s Friend
- Ram Sethi as Ganesh
- Satyen Kappu as Inspector Kumar
- Suman Sikand as Rekha
## Music
Composed by Madan Mohan the songs of the film are popular. Lyrics written by Kaifi Azmi.
Song Singer
----------------------------- --------------------------------
\"Aaj Socha To Aansoo\" Lata Mangeshkar
\"Betaab Dil Ki Tamanna\" Lata Mangeshkar
\"Yeh Mana Meri Jaan\" Mohammed Rafi, S
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| 0 |
11,019,198 |
# National Life Finance Corporation
**National Life Finance Corporation** (**NLFC**) `{{nihongo||国民生活金融公庫 '''Kokumin seikatsu kin-yu kohko'''}}`{=mediawiki} was a governmental institution of Japan, which provided business loans to small enterprises that have difficulty obtaining loans from private financial institutions.
On October 1, 2008, NLFC was dissolved and merged into Japan Finance Corporation (JFC) `{{nihongo||日本政策金融公庫|Nihon seisaku kin-yu kohko}}`{=mediawiki}
| 55 |
National Life Finance Corporation
| 0 |
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# Skype security
**Skype** is a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) system developed by Skype Technologies S.A. It is a peer-to-peer network where voice calls pass over the Internet rather than through a special-purpose network. Skype users can search for other users and send them messages.
Skype reports that it uses 256 bit Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)/ Rijnadel encryption to communicate between Skype clients; although when calling a telephone or mobile, the part of the call over the public switched telephone network (PSTN) is not encrypted. User public keys are certified by the Skype server at login with 1536-bit or 2048-bit RSA certificates. Skype\'s encryption is inherent in the Skype Protocol and is transparent to callers. Some private conversations through Skype such as audio calls, text messages, and file sending (image, audio, or video) can make use of end-to-end encryption, but it may have to be manually turned on.
## Security policy {#security_policy}
The company\'s security policy states that:
1. Usernames are unique.
2. Callers must present a username and password or another authentication credential.
3. Each caller provides the other with proof of identity and privileges whenever a session is established. Each verifies the other\'s evidence before the session can carry messages.
4. Messages transmitted between Skype users (with no PSTN users included) are encrypted from caller to caller. No intermediate node (router) has access to the meaning of these messages. This claim was undermined in May 2013 by evidence that Microsoft (owner of Skype) has pinged unique URLs embedded in a Skype conversation; this could only happen if Microsoft has access to the unencrypted form of these messages.
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# Skype security
## Implementation and protocols {#implementation_and_protocols}
### Registration
Skype holds registration information both on the caller\'s computer and on a Skype server. Skype uses this information to authenticate call recipients and assure that callers seeking authentication access a Skype server rather than an impostor. Skype says that it uses public-key encryption as defined by RSA to accomplish this.
The Skype server has a private key and distributes that key\'s public counterpart with every copy of the software. As part of user registration, the user selects a desired username and password. Skype locally generates public and private keys. The private key and a password hash are stored on the user\'s computer.
Then a 256-bit AES-encrypted session is established with the Skype server. The client creates a *session key* using its random number generator.
The Skype server verifies that the selected username is unique and follows Skype\'s naming rules. The server stores the username and a hash of the user\'s password \[ H ( H ( P ) ) \] {\\displaystyle \[H(H(P))\]} in its database.
The server now forms and signs an identity certificate for the username that binds the username, verification key, and key identifier.
### Peer-to-peer key agreement {#peer_to_peer_key_agreement}
For each call, Skype creates a session with a 256-bit session key. This session exists as long as communication continues and for a fixed time afterward. Skype securely transmits the session key to the call recipient as part of connecting a call. That session key is then used to encrypt messages in both directions.
Session cryptography
### Session cryptography {#session_cryptography}
All traffic in a session is encrypted using the AES algorithm running in Integer Counter Mode (ICM). Skype encrypts the current counter and salt with the session key using the 256 bit AES algorithm. This algorithm returns the keystream, then XORed with the message content. Skype sessions contain multiple streams. The ICM counter depends on the stream and the location within the stream.
### Random number generation {#random_number_generation}
Skype uses random numbers for several cryptographic purposes. Purposes include protection against playback attacks, creation of RSA key pairs, and creation of AES key-halves for content encryption. The security of a Skype peer-to-peer session depends significantly on the quality of the random numbers generated by both ends of the Skype session. Random number generation varies by the operating system.
### Cryptographic primitives {#cryptographic_primitives}
Skype uses standard cryptographic primitives to achieve its security goals. The cryptographic primitives used in Skype are the AES block cipher, the RSA public-key cryptosystem, the ISO 9796-2 signature padding scheme, the SHA-1 hash function, and the RC4 stream cipher.
### Key agreement protocol {#key_agreement_protocol}
Key-agreement is achieved using a proprietary, symmetric protocol. To protect against a playback attack, the peers challenge each other with random 64-bit nonces. The challenge response is to customize the challenge in a proprietary way and returned it signed with the responder\'s private key.
The peers exchange Identity Certificates and confirm that these certificates are legitimate. Because an Identity Certificate contains a public key, each end can then confirm signatures created by the other peer. Each peer contributes 128 random bits to the 256-bit session key.
### Automatic updates {#automatic_updates}
Another security risk are automatic updates, which **cannot be disabled** from version 5.6 on, both on Mac OS and Windows branches, although in the latter, and only from version 5.9 on, automatic updating can be turned off in certain cases.
## Eavesdropping by design {#eavesdropping_by_design}
Chinese, Russian and United States law enforcement agencies have the ability to eavesdrop on Skype conversations and to have access to Skype users\' geographic locations. In many cases, a simple request for information is sufficient, with no court approval needed. This ability was deliberately added by Microsoft for law enforcement agencies around the world after they purchased Skype in 2011. This is implemented by switching the Skype client for a particular user account from the client-side encryption to the server-side encryption, allowing dissemination of an unencrypted data stream.
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# Skype security
## Actual and potential flaws {#actual_and_potential_flaws}
While Skype encrypts users\' sessions, other traffic, including call initiation, can be monitored by unauthorized parties.
The other side of security is whether Skype imposes risk on its users\' computers and networks. In October 2005 a pair of security flaws were discovered and patched. Those flaws made it possible for hackers to run hostile code on computers running vulnerable versions of Skype. The first security bug affected only Microsoft Windows computers. It allowed the attacker to use a buffer overflow to crash the system or to force it to execute arbitrary code. The attacker could provide a malformed URL using the Skype URI format, and lure the user to request it to execute the attack. The second security bug affected all platforms; it used a heap-based buffer overflow to make the system vulnerable.
Issues, including several potentially affecting security, include:
- Skype code is proprietary and closed source, and it is not planned to become open-source software, according to Niklas Zennström, co-founder of Skype, who responded in 2004 to questions on the Skype security model saying \"We could do it but only if we re-engineered the way it works and we don\'t have the time right now\". If the software source were available peer review would be able to verify its security.
- On 13 November 2012 a Russian user published a flaw in Skype security which allowed any non-professional attacker to take over a Skype account knowing only the victim\'s email in seven simple steps. This vulnerability was claimed to exist for months, and was not corrected until more than 12 hours after it was published widely.
- The fact that Skype records data about calls (but not the message contents) in a \"History\" file saved on the user\'s computer. Attackers who gain access to the computer can obtain the file.
- Skype can consume other users\' bandwidth. Although this is documented in the license agreement (EULA), there is no way to tell how much bandwidth is being used in this manner.
- There are some 20,000 supernodes out of many millions of users logged on. Skype Guide for network administrators claims that supernodes carry only control traffic up to 10 kB/s and relays may carry other user data traffic up to 15 kB/s (for one audio conference call). A relay should not normally handle more than one \"relayed connection\".
```{=html}
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```
- Skype\'s file-transfer function does not integrate with any antivirus products, although Skype claims to have tested its product against antivirus \"Shield\" products.
- Skype does not document all communication activities. This lack of clarity as to content means that systems administrators cannot be sure what it is doing. (The combination of an invited and a reverse-engineered study taken together suggest Skype is not doing anything hostile). Skype can be easily blocked by firewalls.
- Skype consumes network bandwidth, even when idle (even for non-supernodes, e.g., for NAT traversal). For example, if there were only 3 Skype users in the world and 2 were communicating, the 3rd computer would be taxed to support the application, even if not using Skype at the time. The large number of Skype computers means that this activity is diffuse, it can lead to performance issues on standby Skype users, and presents a conduit for security breaches.
- Skype implicitly trusts any message stream that obeys its protocols
- Skype does not prohibit a parallel Skype-like network
- Skype prior to version 3.0.0.216 created a file called 1.com in the temp directory which was capable of reading all BIOS data from a PC.
pagetable.com » Blog Archive » [Skype Reads Your BIOS and Motherboard Serial Number](http://www.pagetable.com/?p=27)
According to Skype this was used to identify computers and provide DRM protection for plug-ins. They later removed this file, but it is not known whether the BIOS-reading behavior was removed.
- The URI handler that checks URLs for verification of certain file extensions and file formats uses case sensitive comparison techniques and doesn\'t check all potential file formats.
- While Skype does encrypt most of its communications, unencrypted packets containing advertisements are pulled from several places, exposing a cross-site scripting vulnerability. These ads can easily be hijacked and replaced with malicious data.
- The privacy of Skype traffic may have limits. Although Skype encrypts communication between users, a Skype spokesman did not deny the company\'s ability to intercept communication. On the question of whether Skype could listen in on their users\' communication, Kurt Sauer, head of the security division of Skype, replied evasively: \"We provide a secure means of communication. I will not say if we are listening in or not.\"
ZDNet: [*Interview with Kurt Sauer „Telefonieren übers Internet: Wie sicher ist Skype wirklich?"*](http://www.zdnet.de/mobile/voip/0,39029944,39151472-1,00.htm), February 13, 2007
In China text is filtered according to government requirements. This suggests that Skype has the capacity to eavesdrop on connections. One of Skype\'s minority owners, eBay, has divulged user information to the U.S. government.
- Security researchers Biondi and Desclaux have speculated that Skype may have a back door, since Skype sends traffic even when it is turned off and because Skype has taken extreme measures to obfuscate their traffic and functioning of their program.
- Several media sources have reported that at a meeting about the \"Lawful interception of IP based services\" held on 25 June 2008, high-ranking but unnamed officials at the Austrian interior ministry said that they could listen in on Skype conversations without problems. Austrian public broadcasting service ORF, citing minutes from the meeting, have reported that \"the Austrian police are able to listen in on Skype connections\". Skype declined to comment on the reports.
- The Skype client for Linux has been observed accessing the Firefox profile folder during execution. This folder contains all the saved passwords in plain text if no master password is used, it also contains the user\'s browsing history. Access to this file was confirmed by tracing system calls made by the Skype binary during execution.
- The Skype client for Mac has been observed accessing protected information in the system Address Book even when integration with the Address Book (on by default) is disabled in the Skype preferences. Users may see a warning about Skype.app attempting to access protected information in the address book under certain conditions, e.g. launching Skype while syncing with a mobile device.
- Skype has no legitimate reason to access the Address Book if the integration is not enabled. Further, the extent of the integration is to add all cards from the Address Book to the list of Skype contacts along with their phone numbers, which can be accomplished without accessing any protected information (neither the name nor numbers on cards are protected) and thus the attempt to access information beyond the scope of the integration, regardless of whether or not that integration is enabled, raises deeper questions as to possible spying on users.
- The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has interpreted the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) as requiring digital phone networks to allow wiretapping if authorized by an FBI warrant, in the same way as other phone services.
- In February 2009 Skype said that, not being a telephone company owning phone lines, it was exempt from CALEA and similar laws which regulate US phone companies. It is also not clear whether wiretapping of Skype communications is technically possible. According to the ACLU, the Act is inconsistent with the original intent of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution; more recently, the ACLU has expressed the concern that the FCC interpretation of the Act is incorrect
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# Alachua County Library District
The **Alachua County Library District** is an independent special taxing district and the sole provider of public library service to approximately 280,000 citizens of Alachua County, Florida. This includes all of the incorporated municipalities in the county. It maintains a headquarters library and four other branches in Gainesville. There are branch locations in seven of the eight other incorporated municipalities in the county. The district also operates a branch at the county jail, and two bookmobiles.
## Locations
The Alachua County Library District has twelve locations. The five locations in Gainesville include the headquarters branch in downtown Gainesville, Millhopper Branch in northwest Gainesville, Tower Road Branch in unincorporated Alachua county southwest of Gainesville, Library Partnership Branch in northeast Gainesville, and Cone Park Branch in east Gainesville. The district also operates branches in the Alachua County municipalities of Alachua, Archer, Hawthorne, High Springs, Micanopy, Newberry, and Waldo, and at the [Alachua County Jail](https://acso.us/first-content-block/department-of-the-jail/). The district operates two bookmobiles which visit more than 25 locations in the county from two to five times a month. thumb\|Millhopper Branch Library
Name Address
--------------------- --------------------------------------------------
Headquarters 401 East University Avenue Gainesville, FL 32601
Alachua 14913 NW 140 Street Alachua, FL 32615
Archer 13266 SW State Road 45 Archer, FL 32618
Cone Park 2801 East University Ave. Gainesville, FL 32641
Hawthorne 6640 SE 221 Street Hawthorne, FL 32640
High Springs 23779 W US HWY 27 High Springs, FL 32643
Library Partnership 912 NE 16th Ave Gainesville, FL 32601
Micanopy 706 NE Cholokka Blvd Micanopy, FL 32667
Millhopper 3145 NW 43rd Street Gainesville, FL 32606
Newberry 110 South Seaboard Drive Newberry, FL 32669
Tower Road 3020 SW 75th Street Gainesville, FL 32608
Waldo 15150 NE US Highway 301 Waldo, FL 32694
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# Alachua County Library District
## History
The Alachua County Library District traces its origins to 1903. A women\'s group in Gainesville organized a literary society called the Twentieth Century Club. The club issued a call for donated material and money to help initiate the town\'s first library. By 1905, Gainesville had two subscription libraries, for which a small fee was required. In January 1905, Nora Norton established the Gainesville Circulating Library, held in the Gainesville Sewing Machine company, which required a five dollar a year fee. The Twentieth Century Club opened a library in the Miller Law Exchange with assistance of 200 donated books and a yearly fee of two dollars.
In January 1906, the Gainesville Public Library on West Liberty (now University Avenue) opened with a collection of 800 books, combining books from the Twentieth Century Club, the library of the East Florida Seminary (recently absorbed into the University of Florida), and the Gainesville Circulating Library. However, a small fee was still required. In March, C.W. Chase bought Miss Norton's 200-book collection and donated it to the new library, bringing all local libraries together under one roof. Hours were 2pm to 5pm Monday to Saturday. Membership was still \$2.00 a year.
By 1914 the library moved to several locations, finally ending up at a small building owned by attorney B.A. Thrasher. The Library Association requested assistance from the City Council to make the Gainesville Library a free public library (fees were still 2 dollars a year). To be eligible for Carnegie funds to build a library, the city was required to pay 1000 dollars a year to acquire the deed to 419 East University Avenue. On October 13, 1915, the Gainesville Public Library was established at that location, with the first Library Board including: Dr. A.A. Murphree, Captain C.R. Layton, Hon. W.M. Pepper, Hon. George P. Morris, and Dr. H.W. Cox. The Gainesville Public Library became a free library in 1918, supported by funds from city taxes, and in a building constructed with the aid of a Carnegie grant. The library became a department of the City of Gainesville in 1949. A branch of the Gainesville Public Library, the Carver Branch Library, was opened in 1953 to provide library services to the African-American population of Gainesville. The Carver Branch closed in 1969, after the main library had been desegregated. In 1958, the City of Gainesville and Alachua County agreed to jointly operate the library for the whole county.
Branch libraries were opened in High Springs, Hawthorne and Micanopy the next year, and a bookmobile was put into service. Alachua County joined with Bradford County to operate the Santa Fe Regional Library. After Bradford County withdrew from the Regional Library, the Alachua County Library District was formally established in 1986. In 1987 funds were approved by vote for a new main library. After being postponed due to asbestos, construction of the new 78,000 sq. ft. library headquarters was underway. In 1991 the new Alachua County Library District headquarters building was opened.
The Millhopper and Tower Road branches opened in 1992, and the branches in Alachua, Archer, Newberry and Waldo were all opened by 1997. In 2008, the Alachua branch underwent a \$1.5 million renovation and expansion project that saw the library\'s size double to 10,000 square feet and included the addition of a drive-up window and specialized areas for both young children and teenagers. The Library Partnership Branch opened in 2009 and the Cone Park Branch in 2011. A new, permanent location for the Cone Park Branch Library was opened near the Eastside Community Center in Gainesville on December 14, 2013. In 2015, Headquarters branch celebrated 25 years - with an estimated 3.8 million items checked out that year. In 2016, High Springs branch added 3,000 square feet to their original building. In January 2017, the Tower Road Branch library began undergoing renovations to add 8,500 square feet of space, which would include additions of a quiet reading room, three study rooms, new restrooms and an expanded children\'s area, among other features.
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# Alachua County Library District
## Library cards {#library_cards}
Library cards are free to any resident of the State of Florida and to non-residents who own property in Florida. A potential user must register in person with proper identification and proof of residency or of ownership of property in the state. Digital library cards are available for residents 18 and older, these only provide access to the digital collections and online resources. The registration of a minor requires the parent or legal guardian to have their own ID plus an acceptable form of ID for the child. Acceptable forms of identification for a minor include:
- Health insurance card
- School report card
- School immunization record
- Social Security card
- Birth certificate
- Passport
Library card renewal is required every two years and must be done in person with a photo ID and proof of mailing address. A patron must have a \$0 account balance in order to renew a card.
Alachua County residents are eligible for free library cards from 12 counties: Baker, Bradford, Clay, Columbia, Dixie, Gilchrist, Lafayette, Levy, Marion, Putnam, St. Johns, and Union counties.
### Student library cards {#student_library_cards}
In 2018 The Alachua County Library District and [Alachua County Public Schools](https://www.sbac.edu) partnered in a new initiative aimed at expanding access by providing students in public schools with their own library card for free. More than 27,000 cards were distributed the first year of the program. The program was then continued into the 2019-2020 school year and expanded to include students at P.K. Yonge Developmental Research School. Student cards allowed for:
- Checking out 3 Print or Audiobooks
- Borrowing eBooks, downloadable music and digital magazines
- Using e-sources, including tutoring help and research resources.
- Logging on to computers at any of the Library District's 12 branches.
Students new to the program received a welcome letter along with the card at the school and then are able to use the library card to access services online as well as in the branches. Although the Alachua County Library District charges no late fees, students were still expected to return materials and parents may receive a quarterly statement from the library for anything not returned.
Student cards expired December 31, 2022 and the program has not been continued.
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# Alachua County Library District
## Checkouts and returns {#checkouts_and_returns}
Library card holders can check out and return items at any branch located in Alachua County, including the two bookmobiles. Total checkout is limited to 100 items. Books and audiobooks check out for 4 weeks. Music CDs and DVDs check out for 2 weeks. Items may be renewed twice, as long as they are not on hold for another patron. Audiobooks, eBooks, music, TV shows and movies are available to library card holders as downloadable digital media from the district\'s website.
If a library card holder wishes to check out an item that is not currently available, the card holder may place a hold request on that item through the online catalog. By entering a library card number, a patron can then choose the branch that the patron wishes to have the item delivered to once it becomes available.
The Library District does not have late fees. However, five or more overdue items or \$50.00 worth of overdue materials will block borrowing privileges until the items are returned or paid for. Additionally, any items returned by patrons with damaged or missing parts will result in a standard replacement charge for that individual.
## Services
Apart from library card privileges, the Alachua County Library District branches offer other services including meeting rooms, events for all ages, ebooks, audiobooks, computer access, free mp3 downloads, downloadable magazines, Wi-Fi, printing, interlibrary loans, proctoring, and literacy tutoring for adults and ESOL learners. A Seed Library is available at every location offering a variety of vegetable, herb, and flower seeds that change based on donations. Mobile hotspots are available to be checked out through the WiFi2Go program, allowing card holders to check out one hotspot per card for a week. A few kits are also available for borrowing throughout the library district, these include Birding Kits, STEM Kits for children of varying ages, and Sensory Toys appropriate for infants and children three years and older. Working with the University of Florida\'s Center for Autism and Related Disabilities, the Library District offers sensory storytime, a special storytime open to all children but designed to serve children with sensory integration challenges. The library district also offers mailing services of print and other materials to the homebound of Alachua County. Additionally, multiple branch locations have served as polling locations during Alachua County elections. The library\'s website also provides assistance with re-employment by linking patrons to CONNECT claims processing form and the Florida re-employment assistance claim form.
## Library support {#library_support}
The Library District is supported by the [Friends of the Library](http://folacld.org/) (established in 1954) with a bi-annual book sale, usually in October and April. The Friends of the Library book sale is the largest of its kind in the state of Florida, with 500,000 books, magazines, videos, puzzles, games, and more available for sale. The book sale also has a Collector\'s Corner, which specializes in rare books, including first editions, signed copies, and Florida-related materials. The sale offers more than 64 categories of books, including general fiction, classics, cookbooks, children\'s and young adult fiction, and comic books. Proceeds from the sale fund different programs benefiting the Alachua County Library District. In 2015-2016, the book sale proceeds funded \$150,000 in direct support to the library district for adult and children\'s programming, for purchasing library materials, and for other needs. The library also raised scholarship funds for library personnel to complete their Master of Library and Information Science degrees. The Friends of the Library also helped fund a variety of literacy projects, including the Family Literacy Festival, distribution of books for Head Start programs, and mini-grants for local literacy organizations.
The library district is also supported by the [ACLD Foundation](http://acldfound.org/), which raises money through the sale of name plaques and author galas.
## Recognition
- The Alachua County Library District was co-recipient of the Florida Library Association 2010 Library of the Year Award.
- The Library Partnership branch was selected for the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation Bright Ideas program in 2010.
- Sol Hirsch, Director of the district (2004-2011), received the 2011 [Peggy Sullivan Award](http://www.ala.org/awardsgrants/donors/peggy-sullivan) for Public Library Administrators Supporting Services to Children from the American Library Association.
- The district was one of five libraries and five museums to receive the 2011 National Medal for Museum and Library Service awarded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services.
- The Alachua County Library District received the Betty Davis Miller Youth Services - Children award at the Florida Library Association annual conference in 2016 for their Sensory Storytime program for children on the autism spectrum
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# Pennine Radio (radio station)
**Pennine Radio** was the original name for what is now Hits Radio West Yorkshire in Bradford, the Independent Local Radio station for West Yorkshire, England. It was launched on 16 September 1975.
## History
Pennine Radio was the idea of Steve Harris and Terry Bate, the latter being a founding member of Metro Radio in Newcastle and Radio Trent in Nottingham. Its first presenter was Steve Merike and the first record played was Honeybus\', \'I Can\'t Let Maggie Go\'. Other original presenters on \"Pennine 235\" were Peter Levy, Stewart Francis, Roger Kirk, Julius K. Scragg, Liz Allen, Dorothy Box, Austin Mitchell (MP for Great Grimsby from 1977 to 2015), Mike Smith, Gerald Harper, Stewart Coxhead and Mike Hurley.
Pennine\'s original news department included the first news editor, Tony Cartledge (Metro), Steve Harris (deputy news editor), Mike Smith (sports editor) and reporters Martin Campbell (later a senior figure at Ofcom). Peter Milburn (later managing director of Red Dragon Radio in South Wales), Alan Brook, Helen Maskill, Nigel Baker (later going to Reuters), Paul Cooke, who also presented \'The Pennine Soul Express\' (later going to Capital Radio) and Peter Judge. Later in the 1970s, Jim McVicar, Vyvyan Mackeson (later going to YTV), Barbara Groom (later going to LBC and now BBC World Service Editor), Tim Wyatt, Gerry Radcliffe, Will Venters (later going to YTV) and Christa Ackroyd (a former presenter on Yorkshire Television\'s Calendar and later BBC Look North), [1](https://web.archive.org/web/20110724094339/http://www.forum.thebigboards.net/viewtopic.php?t=2038) [2](https://www.bbc.co.uk/looknorthyorkslincs/content/articles/2006/09/27/christa_ackroyd_feature.shtml) [3](http://www.ukonair.com/forums/archive/index.php?t-441.html)`{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}`{=mediawiki}.
Other early Pennine staff included Frazer Hines, Ian Scott (formally from Piccadilly Radio\'s late show 1978--1979, who went on to broadcast under his real name Ian Hutchinson (Hutch) on BBC Radio Jersey), Brian McSharry, Paul Kaye, Mike Boothroyd, Louise Esplin, Venessa Hill, Paul Owens, Dave Gregory, Terry Davies (presented breakfast around the turn of the 1980s and left for Essex Radio), Paul Fairburn (took over on breakfast from Terry and continued until leaving for (Red Rose), Nick Risby (later going to Radio Broadland), Bob Preedy (later Radio Hallam, Aire, Tees, Magic 828, BBC Leeds, Humberside, York, YTV continuity announcer) Alan Ross (later going to CBC which would become Red Dragon FM) but return in summer 1986 for afternoons and then breakfast).
Richard Horsman spent 20 years at Pennine as a producer and presenter of \'Chips\', a show for computer enthusiasts. He was also news editor in the 1990s and is now at the Centre for Journalism Leeds Trinity University College. Roger Kirk presented on Pennine from day one. He presented various programmes on the station, memorably his late show and *Solid Gold Sunday*, and a weekly 1950s\' \'Rock\'n\'Roll\' show.
Mid-1980s Pennine people included ex-BBC Radio 1 lunch-time presenter Paul Burnett hosting the breakfast show for 12 months from autumn 1984--85, Martin Kelner and Steve Truelove (both later going to BBC Radio 2), Mark Flanagan (left for the start of Ocean Sound), Andy Hitchcock (later going to BBC Radio York), Tony Fisher (left for BBC Radio Leeds), Simon Pattern (later going to Viking FM, then BBC Radio York and is now managing editor at BBC Radio Humberside). The show with the largest audience of the week was the Sunday Request Show presented by Dorothy Box, Bob Preedy and Brian Cooke - with a regular audience of 65,000 listeners. Brian went on to present weekend breakfast shows, programmes on Classic Gold and later Magic 828. Andy and Tony teamed up to become Ronnie and Gordon Groovesticker on Pennine\'s tea-time soap opera *Mulberry Terrace* which ran from spring 1985 to summer 1986.
Twenty-four-hour broadcasting began in the autumn of 1984. The gap between Roger Kirk\'s late show and Steve Truelove\'s early show was filled by Dave Nixon, who became legendary for his *Night Strike* competition: ten pin bowling on the wireless.
On 4 December 1984, the station officially began broadcasting to a much larger area. Having resigned the original franchise early, Managing Director Mike Boothroyd, Programme Controller Will Venters, Chief Engineer Steve Bowley, Sports Editor Tony Delahunty and the rest of the team at Pennine House were thrilled to win back their franchise, which transformed the station from one of the UK\'s smallest Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations to one of the biggest. Pennine was broadcasting to Bradford, West Leeds and the Aire Valley on 235 m MW/1278 kHz AM and 96 MHz VHF, and had new transmitters at Vicar\'s Lot overlooking the new additional area of Kirklees and Calderdale on 196 m MW/1530 kHz AM and 103.4 MHz VHF. In August 1985, 103.4 was changed to 102.5 as the first of the ILR frequency changes under the mid-1980s \"Geneva convention\" to lump ILR and BBC local FM frequencies into sub-bands. A month later the 103.4 frequency started to relay the new Doncaster signal of Radio Hallam. The station was part of the Yorkshire Radio Network from 1987, and its AM transmitters were used for the first form of Classic Gold. Pennine 235 as it was originally known became Pennine Radio changing again to Pennine FM after they were forced to split frequencies.
In 1989, Pennine lost its 103.2 frequency to incremental broadcaster Bradford City Radio. It is now used by Sunrise Radio (Yorkshire). After the takeover of YRN by the Metro Radio Group, Pennine FM was rebranded as The Pulse of West Yorkshire. The Metro Radio Group was itself taken over by EMAP in a deal worth £98.7 million in the summer of 1995. In November of the same year, EMAP was forced to sell both The Pulse and its AM sister service, Great Yorkshire Gold - regulations at the time prevented the same owner operating the overlapping AM licences. The stations were sold to a group formed by station management and former Metro Radio Group executives: The Radio Partnership. In 1999 the Radio Partnership was acquired by the Wireless Group, which was later purchased by UTV and the station continued to broadcast from Pennine House, in Forster Square in Bradford until July 2014 when the station relocated to new studios at St James\' Business Park.
A tribute station called [Pennine 235](https://pennine235.online) has appeared online hoping to recreate the early Pennine sound, playing the music of the day with jingles of the era. The station said it planned to appear on Bradford DAB+ in 2023 subject to funding.
## Jingles
The first jingle package, completed with a cut, sang \"*Pennine two-thirty-five, that\'s the sound goin\' into your ear\'oles!*\". This was provided by Emison, the jingle arm of EMI Music. Some jingles in later packages produced by Alfasound, the UK agent for JAM Creative Productions, contained vocals by soul singer Jimmy Helms
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# 14th Hong Kong Film Awards
The **14th Hong Kong Awards** ceremony, honored the best films of 1994 and took place on 23 April 1995 at Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts, Wan Chai, Hong Kong. The ceremony was hosted by John Sham and Meg Lam, during the ceremony awards are presented in 17 categories.
## Awards
Winners are listed first, highlighted in **boldface**, and indicated with a double dagger (`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki}).
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Chungking Express***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - ***Wong Kar-wai --- Chungking Express***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| - *The Final Option* | - *Tsui Hark --- The Lovers* |
| - *Ashes of Time* | - *Wong Kar-wai --- Ashes of Time* |
| - *I Have a Date with Spring* | - *Peter Chan --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man* |
| - *He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man* | - *Gordon Chan --- The Final Option* |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Raymond To --- I Have A Date With Spring***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - ***Tony Leung --- Chungking Express***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| - *James Yuen --- Twenty Something* | - *Eric Kot --- Oh! My Three Guys* |
| - *James Yuen and Lee Chi Ngai --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man* | - *Leslie Cheung --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man* |
| - *Wong Kar-wai --- Ashes of Time* | - *Stephen Chow --- From Beijing with Love* |
| - *Wong Kar-wai --- Chungking Express* | - *Chow Yun-fat --- Treasure Hunt* |
| | - *Jacky Cheung --- To Live and Die in Tsimshatsui* |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Anita Yuen --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - ***Jordan Chan --- Twenty Something***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| - *Joan Chen --- Red Rose White Rose* | - *Law Kar-ying --- From Beijing with Love* |
| - *Alice Lau --- I Have A Date With Spring* | - *Jordan Chan --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man* |
| - *Hui Fan --- One of the Lucky Ones* | - *Eric Kot --- Conjugal Affair* |
| - *Jacklyn Wu --- The Returning* | - *Power Chan --- The Final Option* |
| - *Faye Wong --- Chungking Express* | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Koon-Lan Law --- I Have A Date With Spring***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - ***Alice Lau --- I Have A Date With Spring***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| - *Fung Wai-Hung --- I Have A Date With Spring* | - *Mavis Fan --- The Private Eye Blues* |
| - *Carrie Ng --- The Lovers* | - *Peter Yung Kam Cheong --- The Final Option* |
| - *Sandra Ng --- The Returning* | - *Jordan Chan --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man* |
| - *Valerie Chow --- Chungking Express* | - *Jordan Chan --- Twenty Something* |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***William Chang, Kwong Chi Leung and Kai Kit Wai\ | - ***Christopher Doyle --- Ashes of Time***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| --- Chungking Express***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - *Tony Cheung --- One Armed Swordsman \'94* |
| - *Patrick Tam and Kai Kit Wai --- Ashes of Time* | - *Arthur Wong --- The Returning* |
| - *Angie Lam --- The Rapist* | - *Christopher Doyle and Andrew Lau --- Chungking Express* |
| - *Nick Cheung --- Drunken Master II* | - *Peter Pau --- Treasure Hunt* |
| - *Chan Ki Hop --- The Final Option* | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***William Chang --- Ashes of Time***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | - ***William Chang --- Ashes of Time***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| - *William Chang --- Chungking Express* | - *Dora Ng --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man* |
| - *Pok Yuk Mok --- Red Rose White Rose* | - *Eddie Mok --- The Great Conqueror\'s Concubine* |
| - *Yee Chung-Man --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man* | - *Pok Yuk Mok --- Red Rose White Rose* |
| - *William Chang and Chong Kwok-Wing --- The Lovers* | - *William Chang --- The Lovers* |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Lau Ka Leung and Jackie Chan Stunt Team\ | - ***Wong Jim, Woo Wai Lap, Mark Lui and Raymond Wong\ |
| --- Drunken Master II***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | --- The Lovers***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| - *Corey Yuen and Yuen Tak --- The Bodyguard From Beijing* | - *Ann Hui, Chiu Tsang Hei --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man* |
| - *Sammo Hung --- Ashes of Time* | - *Johnny Chen --- Red Rose White Rose* |
| - *Corey Yuen --- The New Legend of Shaolin* | - *Frankie Chan and Roel A. Garcia --- Ashes of Time* |
| - *Yuen Wo Ping --- Fist of Legend* | - *Frankie Chan and Roel A. Garcia --- Chungking Express* |
| | - *Anthony Lee and Marco Wan --- I Have A Date With Spring* |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Composer: Dick Lee • Lyrics: Albert Leung • Singer: Leslie Cheung\ | - ***Man-lei Wong***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} |
| --- He\'s A Woman, She\'s A Man***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | |
| - *Composer: Chan Yiu Chuen • Lyrics: Lee On Sau • Singer: Andy Lau\ | |
| --- Tian Di* | |
| - *Composer: Joseph Wong/Clarence Hui • Lyrics: Albert Leung\ | |
| • Singer: Sandy Lam --- Twenty Something* | |
| - *Composer: John Laudon • Lyrics: Chan Siu Kei • Singer: Jacky Cheung\ | |
| --- The Private Eye Blues* | |
| - *Composer/Lyrics: Johnny Chen • Singer: Sandy Lam\ | |
| --- Red Rose White Rose* | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - ***Yam Kim Fai***`{{double-dagger}}`{=mediawiki} | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
The *Chinese Opera Film Century Award* was a special award presented at the 14th Hong Kong Film Awardsin celebration of 100 years of Chinese opera. The award was dedicated to Cantonese opera actress Yam Kim-fai
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# Avigdor Yitzhaki
**Avigdor Yitzhaki** (*אביגדור יצחקי*; 13 September 1949 -- 5 April 2025) was an Israeli politician. He was a member of the Knesset for Kadima, having been the party\'s parliamentary group chairman and head of the coalition. He was the chairman of Friends of Schneider.
On 2 May 2007, Yitzhaki requested that Prime Minister of Israel Ehud Olmert resign as soon as possible following the Winograd Commission\'s first report. On 7 February 2008 he resigned from the Knesset due to \"serious doubts over Ehud Olmert\'s ability to lead the government in the wake of the Winograd Report\".
Yitzhaki died in Tel Aviv on 5 April 2025, at the age of 75
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# Girl with a Pearl Earring (soundtrack)
***Girl with a Pearl Earring: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack*** is the soundtrack album to the 2003 film *Girl with a Pearl Earring* starring Scarlett Johansson, Colin Firth, Tom Wilkinson, Cillian Murphy and Judy Parfitt. It was composed by French film composer Alexandre Desplat.
Desplat was a veteran of primarily French films since the early 1990s. His work for *Girl with a Pearl Earring* raised his international profile as his breakout score in Hollywood; it led to a prominent career composing major films like *The King\'s Speech* (2010) and *The Grand Budapest Hotel* (2014). The soundtrack received nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music.
## Development and composition {#development_and_composition}
The musical score to the film *Girl with a Pearl Earring* was written by the French composer Alexandre Desplat. Desplat had to work quickly when composing his score, and sought to avoid creating \"a period, baroque score\", as he felt that genre could \"be a trap\". According to Desplat, the film\'s director Peter Webber wished to avoid making a period film, believing the story was timeless. Desplat thought the use of choirs and baroque-like instrumentations \"seemed too obvious\" for the film. To Desplat, the film\'s story depicted the repression felt between the two main characters. \"The music had to reflect that, so it couldn\'t be too busy\", Desplat said.
Recording his score at Abbey Road, Desplat employed a large string orchestra with piano, woodwinds, celeste, and brass instruments. In his entry for *The Encyclopedia of Film Composers*, Thomas Hischak felt the score exhibits Desplat\'s \"classical side\", for a composer known to employ many different musical influences in his work. Danny Graydon of the film magazine *Empire* notes a central theme which \"dominates the score, appearing in a variety of instrumental forms, including solo piano and violin. Elsewhere, Desplat creates a captivating atmosphere of cautious emotion and wonderment, the true highlight being \'Colour In The Clouds\', so simply majestic that it really captures the heart of the story\".
## Release and reception {#release_and_reception}
*Girl with a Pearl Earring* was Deplat\'s breakout score in Hollywood, despite it being his 50th production as composer. Desplat had contributed musical scores to primarily French films since the early 1990s but his score for *Girl with a Pearl Earring* raised his international profile, leading to a prominent career composing major films such as *The King\'s Speech* (2010), *Godzilla* (2014), and *The Grand Budapest Hotel* (2014). The album was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music.
In a 2004 interview, the film\'s director, Peter Webber commented that Desplat \"has done a fantastic job. He\'s quite rightly been nominated for a Golden Globe. Music is a difficult trick to pull off, because the wrong score could have dragged this film down. Alexander `{{sic}}`{=mediawiki} did the opposite\". Writing for *The New York Times*, Elvis Mitchell described the score as \"gorgeous\" which \"brushes in a haunted gloom that gives the picture life where none seems to exist\". Danny Graydon from *Empire* called the score \"a supremely elegant work that should gain him much-deserved attention on the international stage\"
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# NBA 25th Anniversary Team
The **NBA 25th Anniversary Team** was chosen on December 11, 1971, to honor the 25th anniversary of the founding of the National Basketball Association (NBA) as the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in 1946. It was the first anniversary team in the NBA. This team was meant to be an All-NBA Team for that period. Up until that time, All-NBA Teams only consisted of 2 teams (First and Second), so this Team also only consists of 2 teams/10 players (4 forwards, 2 centers, and 4 guards). The selections were restricted to retired players.
## Selections
List of 25th Anniversary Team players, sorted by position and vote received.
- F Bob Pettit
- F Dolph Schayes
- F Paul Arizin
- F Joe Fulks
- C Bill Russell
- C George Mikan
- G Bob Cousy
- G Bill Sharman
- G Bob Davies
- G Sam Jones
- Coach Red Auerbach
Russell was the only unanimous selection to the team. Furthermore, all nominees of the 25th Anniversary Team besides Feerick and Zaslofky have also been inducted into Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.
In 1980, only four players of the 25th Anniversary Team were selected to the NBA 35th Anniversary Team (Pettit, Cousy, Russell, and Mikan). However, along with them, four other players of this team (Arizin, Jones, Schayes, Sharman) were selected as part of the NBA 50 Greatest Players of All-Time in 1996 and the NBA 75th Anniversary Team in 2021.
## Selection process {#selection_process}
A panel selected 25 nominees from all eligible players, made up from 10 Forwards, 10 Guards, and 5 Centers. Then every NBA player that had been named All NBA 1st Team up to that time gave his vote. The four top voted forwards, two top voted centers, and four top voted guards made the team.
## Eligibility requirements {#eligibility_requirements}
To be eligible as a nominee, a player must (by 1971):
1. have completed his career, and
2. have been named All-NBA Team at least once.
## Selection panels {#selection_panels}
Red Auerbach, Ned Irish, Eddie Gottlieb, Haskell Cohen, Danny Biasone, Lester Harrison, Fred Zollner, Ben Kerner, Fred Schaus, and Bob Feerick.
## Nominees
List of nominees, sorted by position, last name (players denoted with an asterisk had been inducted into the Basketball Hall Of Fame), and career years
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# Chloe Howman
**Chloe Howman** (born 1978) is an English actress. She is the daughter of actor Karl Howman.
## Career
Howman\'s first appearance was in 1986 alongside her sister, Katy-Jo, as children in their father\'s series *Brush Strokes*. After training at LAMDA, Howman\'s adult roles started in 1997 in the soap opera *Family Affairs* as Julie-Ann Jones, daughter of Pete Callan. She later appeared as Tara in *Hollyoaks: Movin\' On,* and as Helen in the series *Life Begins* and *Making Waves*. She later appeared in *HolbyBlue* in a leading role.
Howman appeared in the BBC medical drama, *Casualty* as staff nurse, Rita Freeman. Howman made her first appearance on 10 August 2013 and chose to leave the show in 2016, after nearly three years, her final scenes aired on 16 July 2016.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Howman married Danny Hodkinson in 1999 and they have one child. Howman was married to actor Paul Thornley from 2013 until 2017. The couple have one child
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# Granemore
**Granemore** (`{{Irish derived place name|Grainseach mor|great grange}}`{=mediawiki}) is a townland of 785 acres in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, about seven miles from Armagh and three miles from Keady. It is situated in the civil parish of Keady and historic barony of Armagh.
## History
### The Troubles {#the_troubles}
The local pub, The Rock Bar, was attacked by loyalists in June 1976 in a planned gun and bomb attack. However, a local resident left the bar as the loyalists were planting their device and disrupted their plan. Although the local man was shot a number of times, he managed to survive the incident. It was later revealed that some members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) police force from Keady were involved with the attack.`{{Dubious|biased source|date=December 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
Granemore is one of the townlands that make up the parish of Cill Chluana in the Archdiocese of Armagh, one of the three churches of the parish is St Mary\'s Church, neighbouring St Mary\'s Primary School in Granemore.
## Sport
It is home to the local Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) club Granemore GFC, which includes both senior and underage football and camogie teams
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# NBA 35th Anniversary Team
The **NBA 35th Anniversary Team** were chosen on October 30, 1980, to honor the 35th anniversary of the founding of the National Basketball Association (NBA) as the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in 1946. It was the second anniversary team in the NBA. Unlike its predecessor, the NBA 25th Anniversary Team, that followed the concept of an All-NBA Team, this team was more like an NBA All-Star team that contains the eleven best players in the NBA\'s 35 years existence regardless of their position, and also had a coach. In addition, this team did not require a player to have completed his career to be eligible for this Team.
## NBA 35th Anniversary Team members {#nba_35th_anniversary_team_members}
Sorted by last name; players in italics were still active in 1980.
Position Name
---------- -----------------------
C *Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
F Elgin Baylor
C Wilt Chamberlain
G Bob Cousy
F *Julius Erving*
G/F John Havlicek
C George Mikan
F Bob Pettit
G Oscar Robertson
C Bill Russell
G Jerry West
- Red Auerbach (former coach of Washington Capitols, Tri-Cities Blackhawks, and Boston Celtics) was selected as NBA 35th Anniversary Team\'s coach.
- The 1966-67 Philadelphia 76ers selected as the greatest individual team.
- Bill Russell was selected as the greatest player.
All players on this team have been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as players, and Red Auerbach has been inducted as a coach. Two team members were later inducted into the Hall in other roles. Russell was inducted as a coach, and West was inducted two more times, first as part of the 1960 U.S. Olympic team that was inducted as a unit and then as a contributor for his career as an NBA team executive. Cousy, Mikan, Pettit, and Russell had been previously selected into the NBA 25th Anniversary Team in 1971. All players on this team were included among the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History from 1996 and the NBA 75th Anniversary Team in 2021.
Only made up of 11 players, this team excludes 25th Anniversary Team players Paul Arizin, Bob Davies, Joe Fulks, Sam Jones, Dolph Schayes, and Bill Sharman.
## Selection process {#selection_process}
The list was made through voting compiled by the Pro Basketball Writers Association
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# Songbird (Kenny G composition)
\"**Songbird**\" is a song by Kenny G, played on a soprano saxophone, and the third single from his 1986 album *Duotones*. It reached No. 3 on the *Billboard* Adult Contemporary chart, No. 4 on the Hot 100 chart, No. 4 on Cashbox and No. 23 on the R&B chart. In the UK the song peaked at no. 22.
When released in 1987, the song became the first instrumental to reach the top 5 of the *Billboard* Hot 100 since the \"Miami Vice Theme\" by Jan Hammer (a No. 1 hit) in 1985
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# Churchill GAA
**Churchill GAA** is a Gaelic Athletic Association club based near Spa outside Tralee in County Kerry, Ireland. They play in Division 1 of the county league and in the Kerry Junior Football Championship. All-Ireland medal winner Pat McCarthy previously played for the club. Churchill fields both women\'s and men\'s teams.
## Honours
- **Kerry Novice Football Championship** (2): 1972, 2009
- **Munster Junior B Football Champions** (1): 2009
- **St
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# The Son of the Red Corsair (novel)
***The Son of the Red Corsair**\'\' (original title:***Il figlio del corsaro rosso**\'\') is an exotic adventure novel written by Italian author Emilio Salgari, published in 1908. The novel was adapted for the silver screen in Italy in 1959.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
*The Son of the Red Corsair* is a mixture of adventure, humor, and romance. Part of the series usually referred to as *Pirati delle Antille*, it is the story of Enrico di Ventimiglia, the Son of the Red Corsair, as he travels through the Spanish conquests of Central America in search of the stepsister he has never met. In his adventure, the Count is helped by the faithful Mendoza, the incomparable Don Barrejo, Buttafuoco, a nobleman-turned-buccaneer, and bands of pirates of the Caribbean.
## Film adaptations {#film_adaptations}
The first version was a silent film *The Son of the Red Corsair* in 1921. In 1943 a sound adaptation *The Son of the Red Corsair* followed by *The Son of the Red Corsair* (1959) was directed by Primo Zeglio and starred Lex Barker as Enrico and Sylvia Lopez as Carmen. The English-language version of the film, was released in the UK in 1962, in the US (where it was also known as *The Son of the Red Pirate*) in 1963
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# Manilla Powers
**Manilla Powers** was an American actress. She was a star of variety shows, revues, vaudeville, and musical comedies in the 1920s and 1930s. She was born and raised in Janesville, Wisconsin.
## Early aptitude {#early_aptitude}
Manilla was one of six siblings born to Michael Powers, a harness maker, and his wife, Josephine, a dressmaker. In 1915, Manilla, aged 17, was selected as one of six female students chosen to represent Janesville High School in a triangular girl\'s debating league. She was class vice-president as a high school sophomore, won a recorder medal as a junior and graduated in 1916.
Her first appearance as an entertainer was in March 1915. During the afternoon program of a meeting of the Janesville, Wisconsin Summer Club of Home Economics, she *gave* two songs. Powers sang *Echoes of Love* and *Roses After Rain* before an audience that was very receptive. She participated in the recital of Marguerite O\'Brien `{{Who|date=March 2014}}`{=mediawiki} in Rockford, Illinois the following November. Powers returned to Janesville from Chicago, Illinois in September 1917. She had studied music for several months under the tutelage of Karlton Hackett.
In November 1918 Powers and Alice Thomas performed songs at a bazaar in Janesville. It was organized to raise money for the Fatherless Children of France. In August 1919 Powers came back to her hometown, this time from New York City. She gave the second part of a program at the Janesville Country Club. Her teacher in New York forecast a bright future for Powers. She sang *The Lord Is My Light* during a service at the Janesville Baptist Church in 1919.
## Stage entertainer {#stage_entertainer}
Powers was in *Artists and Models* at the Winter Garden Theater in New York City in November 1927. The program was a revue in two acts with twenty-six scenes. The principals included Ted Lewis and the German comedian Jack Pearl. Powers was among the *100 Winter Garden Girls-100* which Lewis assembled along with his *musical clowns*. In September 1931 she replaced Alice McKenzie as \"Sonia\" in *The Merry Widow*. The production was staged at Erlanger\'s Theater on Broadway. Erlanger\'s was built by Warren and Wetmore for the Theatrical Syndicate in 1927. Powers performed in *The Red Robe* (1928) at the Shubert Theater, New Haven, Connecticut. Joining her in the comedy show were Gloria Foy, Peggy Dolan, and John Goldsworthy.
Powers traveled with a troupe of vaudeville actors to Forest Park (St. Louis) in 1932. They staged a romance of 20th century turkey, The Rose of Stamboul. George Hassell, Barbara Newberry, Harry K. Morton, and Leonard Ceeley were in the cast. Nothing is known of Powers\' life after this point, or when and where she died
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# Wizards of the Sonic
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{{singlechart|Germany|23|artist=Westbam|song=Wizards of the Sonic|songid=2801}}
^
``
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# Silver Wind
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unexpected '{'
{{Infobox Ship Image
^
``
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# Ian Bartholomew
**Ian Bartholomew** (born 23 August 1954) is a British actor and musician from Portsmouth, England who has worked widely in both theatre and television. In March 2018, Bartholomew joined the cast of ITV soap opera *Coronation Street*, as Geoff Metcalfe. He also played Chitterlow in the revival cast of *Half A Sixpence* and the Baker in the original West End production of *Into the Woods* opposite Imelda Staunton as his wife.
## Career
Bartholomew was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire, and brought up in Gosport. In television Bartholomew\'s work has ranged from *The Darling Buds of May*, *Rumpole of the Bailey*, *Minder*, and more recently, *Making Waves*, *Spooks* and *Marcella*.
On stage he has been in productions such as *A Man for All Seasons* at the Redgrave Theatre in Farnham, *Mirandolina* and *Assassins*. In 2005 he was in the acclaimed production of *Who\'s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?* by Edward Albee in the starring role of George at the Liverpool Playhouse and in that same year also at the playhouse he appeared in Alan Ayckbourn\'s Christmas comedy *Season\'s Greetings*. At the Menier Chocolate Factory in London he appeared in the new musical *Take Flight* in 2007. In 2010 he was well received as Eliza Doolittle\'s father in the Royal Exchange\'s production of *Pygmalion*. In 2011 in Mogadishu by Vivienne Franzmann at the Royal Exchange in Manchester and then at the Lyric Theatre in London.
In 2017 he recorded two songs for the album *Wit & Whimsy - Songs by Alexander S. Bermange* (one solo and one featuring all of the album\'s 23 artists), which reached No. 1 in the iTunes comedy album chart.
Bartholomew joined the cast of *Coronation Street* as Geoff Metcalfe in March 2018.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Bartholomew is married to theatre director Loveday Ingram. Their first child was born in March 2005 and their youngest was born in December 2007.
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# Ian Bartholomew
## Filmography
### Film
Year Title Role Notes
------ ------------------------------------- ------------------- -------
2023 *Operation Fortune: Ruse de Guerre* Bakker
*Wonka* Skeptical Old Man
### Television
Year Title Role Production Notes
------------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
1981 *Bergerac* Simon Gibbins BBC Episode: \"Unlucky Dip\"
1982 *Crown Court* James MaccPherson ITV/Granada Television Episode: \"The Fiddling Connection\"
1983 *The Professionals* Miller ITV/LWT Episode: \"Cry Wolf\"
1984 *Minder* Keith Wendell ITV/Thames Television Episode: \"Get Daley\"
1990--1992 *Perfect Scoundrels* Inky ITV/TVS
1991 *The Darling Buds of May* Tommy Mason ITV/Yorkshire Television Episode: \"Christmas is Coming\"
1992 *The Blackheath Poisonings* Jenkins ITV 2 episodes
1992, 1995, 1997, 2002 *The Bill* Salter / P.C. Gunnell A.I.U. / Pete Gapper / Alfred \'Manny\' Manola ITV/Thames Television/Central Independent Television 4 episodes
1993 *Minder* Ralphy ITV/Thames Television Episode: \"Uneasy Rider\"
*Love Hurts* D.I. Payne BBC Episode: \"If the Cap Fits\"
1993--1995 *Harry* Snappy
1994 *Jo Brand Through the Cakehole* Himself Channel 4 Episode: \"Jo Brand Through the Christmas Cakehole\"
1996 *Is It Legal?* Terry Beath ITV/Carlton Television Episode: \"Office Party\"
1997 *Wycliffe* Mick Sennan ITV/HTV Episode: \"Close to Home\"
1998 *The Ruth Rendell Mysteries* Stanley Trotter ITV/Meridian Television Episode: \"Road Rage\"
1999 *Casualty* Mick Milburn BBC Episodes: \"Benny and the Vets: Parts 1 & 2\"
2000--2001 *Without Motive* Ronnie Stocks ITV/HTV
2004 *William and Mary* Housing Inspector ITV/Meridian Television Series 2, Episode 4
*Making Waves* Lt. Cdr. William Lewis ITV/Carlton Television
2005 *New Tricks* Tallis BBC Series 2, Episode 1
*Empire* Cimber
*Open Wide* Ray ITV/Thames Television Television film
2006 *Spooks* Dainiel Wise BBC Series 5, Episodes 6 & 7
2007 *Thieves Like Us* Sergent Atwell BBC Three Episode: \"The Jackets Job\"
2008 *HolbyBlue* Keith Sparrow BBC Series 2, Episode 9
*New Tricks* Sam Tallis Episode: \"Spare Parts\"
*Heartbeat* Russell Bryant ITV/Yorkshire Television Episode: \"You Never Can Tell\"
2010 *Foyle\'s War* Dillon ITV/Greenlit Productions Episode: \"The Hide\"
*Accused* Stephen Sullivan BBC Episode: \"Helen\'s Story\"
2011 *Camelot* Caitran Channel 4 Episode: \"Homecoming\"
*South Riding* Gaius Drew BBC 3 part mini series
2016 *Maigret* The Baron ITV Episode: \"Maigret Sets a Trap\"
*New Blood* Tom Robinson BBC
2018−2022 *Coronation Street*{{cite news\|url= <https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1149557/Coronation-Street-cast-Geoff-Metcalfe-actor-Ian-Bartholomew-ITV%7Ctitle=> Coronation Street cast: Who plays Geoff Metcalfe? Who is actor Ian Bartholomew? date= July 5, 2019\|work = Express UK}} Geoff Metcalfe ITV
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# Ian Bartholomew
## Theatre
His work in the theatre includes: -
- Truffaldino, *The Servant of Two Masters* by Carlo Goldoni. Directed by Martin Duncan at the Richmond Theatre (1982)
- Deemer,*Winding the Ball* by Alex Finlayson. World premiere directed by Greg Hersov at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (1989)
- Joseph Surface,*The School for Scandal* by Richard Brinsley Sheridan. Directed by Phyllida Lloyd at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (1990)
- Oliver,*Doctor Heart* by Peter Muller. British premiere directed by Braham Murray at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (1991)
- The Fool, *King Lear*. Directed by Greg Hersov at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (1999)
- George, *Who\'s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?* by Edward Albee at the Liverpool Playhouse (2005)
- Charles Guiteau, *Assassins* by Stephen Sondheim. Directed by Nicolai Forster at the Crucible Theatre, Sheffield (2006)
- Count Albafiorita, *Mirandolina* by Goldoni. Directed by Jonathon Munby at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (2006)
- George Putnam, *Take Flight* by David Shire and Richard Maltby. Directed by Sam Buntrock at the Menier Chocolate Factory (2007)
- Lickcheese, *Widowers\' Houses* by George Bernard Shaw. Directed by Greg Hersov at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (2009)
- Horace Vandergelder, *Hello Dolly*. Directed by Timothy Sheader at the Open Air Theatre, Regent\'s Park(2009)
- Paul Hammond, *The Power of Yes* by David Hare. Directed by Angus Jackson at the Royal National Theatre (2009)
- Alfred Doolttle, *Pygmalion* by George Bernard Shaw. Directed by Greg Hersov at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (2010)
- Chris, *Mogadishu* by Vivienne Franzmann. World premiere directed by Matthew Dunster at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (2011)
- Touchstone,*As You Like It*. Directed by Greg Hersov at the Royal Exchange, Manchester (2011)
- Arturo Ui,*The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui*
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# Luis Camnitzer
**Luis Camnitzer** (born November 6, 1937) is a German-born Uruguayan artist, curator, art critic, and academic who was at the forefront of 1960s Conceptual Art. Camnitzer works primarily in sculpture, printmaking, and installation, exploring topics such as repression, institutional critique, and social justice.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Luis Camnitzer was born in Lübeck, Germany in 1937 and moved to Montevideo, Uruguay in 1939. In 1953, he studied at the University of Montevideo\'s Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes, where he concentrated on sculpture and architecture. In 1957, Camnitzer received a grant from the German government to study at Akademie der Bildenden Künste München At the Akademie, Camnitzer was mentored by sculptor Heinrich Kirchner.
## Career and Practice {#career_and_practice}
In 1960 Camnitzer held his first solo exhibition at the Centro de Artes y Letras Montevideo and the following year began teaching at the Escuela Nacional de Bellas Artes. Camnitzer subsequently moved from Montevideo to New York City in 1964. In New York, he and fellow artists Liliana Porter and José Guillermo Castillo founded the New York Graphic Workshop (1964--1970), a studio focused on redefining the medium of printmaking and dedicated to reviving its importance as a contemporary art form. Concurrent to his practice with the New York Graphic Workshop, Camnitzer produced foundational works that explored the reflexive relationships between the viewer and artwork by means of language, such as *This Is a Mirror, You Are a Written Sentence* (1966--68). Beginning in the late 1960s and evolving into the 1970s and 80s, his practice also expanded to examine socio-political issues, including the oppression and cruelty of military dictatorships in Latin America. As an example, his work *Leftovers* (1970) consists of 80 stacked boxes, stained with fake blood and wrapped with surgical bandages, alluding to state-sanctioned violence and repression during dictatorship. Also in this period, Camnitzer produced a series of \"object-boxes\" in which ordinary items were placed inside wood-framed glass boxes with textually descriptive brass plaques. Infusing the material approach of the object-boxes with political content, Camnitzer produced one of his most important works, the *Uruguayan Torture Series* (1983--84). This series of photo-etchings emphasizes the artist\'s interest in combining socio-political critique with the psychological implications of text and images. Since the 1980s Camnitzer has produced installations and site-specific works, such as *A Museum is a School* (2009--present), in addition to his continuing practice in printmaking. In 2018 a retrospective exhibition, *Luis Camnitzer: Hospicio Para Utopias Fallidas*, opened at Museo Reina Sofia.
In 2024, Camnitzer\'s work was included in *Every Sound Is a Shape of Time*, a collections-focused group exhibition at the Pérez Art Museum Miami, Florida, curated by Franklin Sirmans. Luiz Camnitzer work is placed next to Jennie C. Jones, Alfredo Jaar, and Lawrence Weiner, among others.
## Themes
Since the 1960s, Camnitzer has focused on political subjects including identity, language, freedom, ethics, and historical tragedy. As Jane Farver discusses, \"conceptual in nature, \[Camnitzer\'s\] work is powerful and evocative; it is often humorous, and sometimes deeply disturbing. Always, he challenges and implicates the viewer\"
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Camnitzer is a Uruguayan citizen. He lives and works in Great Neck, New York and taught at SUNY Old Westbury, where he is currently professor emeritus. Camnitzer has written several books, including *New Art of Cuba* (1994) and *Conceptualism in Latin American Art: Didactics of Liberation* (2007). He is represented by Alexander Gray Associates.
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# Luis Camnitzer
## Representation in public collections {#representation_in_public_collections}
- ARCO Corporation, New York, NY
- Biblioteca Communale, Milan, Italy
- Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, France
- Blanton Museum of Art, University of Texas, Austin, TX
- Cabinet of Drawings and Prints of the Uffizzi, Florence, Italy
- Casa de las Américas, Havana, Cuba
- Centro Galego de Arte Contemporánea, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro Wifredo Lam, Havana, Cuba
- Colby College Museum of Art, Waterville, ME
- Colección Patrica Phelps de Cisneros, Caracas, Venezuela/New York, NY
- Daros-Latinaamerica, Zürich, Switzerland
- Fonds Régional d'Art Contemporain de Lorraine, France
- Israel Museum, Jerusalem, Israel
- J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA
- The Jewish Museum, New York, NY
- Library of Jerusalem, Israel
- Malmö Stad, Sweden
- Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, NY
- Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Castilla y León, León, Spain
- Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Museo de Arte Moderno, Bogotá, Colombia
- Museo de Arte Moderno, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Museo de Arte Moderno, Cartagena, Colombia
- Museo de Arte y Diseño Contemporáneo, San José, Costa Rica
- Museo de Artes Plásticas, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Museo de Bellas Artes, Caracas, Venezuela
- Museo de Gráfica y Dibujo Latinoamericano, Roldanillo, Colombia
- El Museo del Barrio, New York, NY
- Museo del Grabado, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Museo La Tertulia, Cali, Colombia
- Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid, Spain
- Museo Nacional de Artes Visuales, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Havana, Cuba
- Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile
- Museo Universitario de Arte Contemporáneo, Mexico City, Mexico
- Museu de Arte Contemporânea da Universidad de São Paulo, Brazil
- Museum Lodz, Łódź, Poland
- Museum of Contemporary Art, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
- Museum of Contemporary Graphic Art, Fredrikstad, Norway
- Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, TX
- The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY
- Museum Wiesbaden, Germany
- National Museum of Modern Art, Baghdad, Iraq
- The New York Public Library, New York, NY
- Pérez Art Museum Miami, FL
- Queens Museum, New York, NY
- São Paulo Museum of Art, Brazil
- Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington, DC
- Snite Museum, Notre Dame University, South Bend, IN
- Solomon R
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# Honda S-Wing
The **S-Wing** is a scooter made by Honda. The S-wing (Silverwing) model was introduced in 2007 and replaced the Honda Pantheon scooter which was discontinued. Officially it is known as the FES125-7, and the Pantheon was the FES125-6. There are two engine sizes available in different markets, in 125 cc and 150 cc versions, and ABS is also available in some markets.
The S-Wing has a different engine specification from the Pantheon engine in order to allow for Euro3 emission regulations. This is basically the same engine as fitted to other Honda scooters, including the PS125i and the SH125i. The S-wing sits marginally above these two scooters in terms of finish levels and price.
A large screen, side stand, and centre stand come as standard. The scooter gauges also include a fuel meter which measures kilometres/miles per litre.
The S-Wing is made in Atessa (Italy) for the European market, and is not available in Honda\'s home country (Japan).
<File:Honda> S-Wing 125 ABS-Cockpit.JPG <File:Honda> S-Wing 125-2
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# Payments Council
The **Payments Council** was an organisation of financial institutions in the United Kingdom, which set strategy for UK payment mechanisms from 2007 until 2015.
## History
In his 2003 Pre-Budget Report, then-Chancellor Gordon Brown announced that the Office of Fair Trading (OFT) would lead a new Payments Systems Task Force. The OFT recommended to the Chancellor in 2006 that the Task Force should establish a new body responsible for the integrity and efficiency of co-operative payment systems in the UK. This was set up as the Payments Council in 2007.
By the time of a planned two-year OFT review in 2009, the Payments Council had taken over some activities from the Association for Payment Clearing Services (APACS), which no longer exists. One of the tasks of the Payments Council was to implement the Faster Payments Service, taking clearing times in the UK from among the slowest to among the fastest in the world. Criticisms made in 2009 included delays and shortcomings in delivery, and inability to ensure that Faster Payments members promptly passed on benefits to their customers.
In 2010, it sponsored the Sort Code Validation Accreditation Scheme (SCVAS), which aimed to improve the distribution and validation of bank reference data within the UK payments industry. This was to be achieved via commercial providers offering products and services to verify sort codes used in electronic payment processing.
The Payments Council clashed with the Government in 2011 over plans to abolish cheques. This led to a government consultation on separating the regulatory function from the industry body.
The Payments Council went on to implement the mobile payment system Paym and the Current Account Switch Service (CASS).
In April 2015, the regulatory powers of the Payments Council were transferred to a new body, the Payment Systems Regulator, set up by the Financial Conduct Authority in accordance with section 40 of the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013. On 29 June 2015, the Payments Council was then relaunched as the trade association Payments UK.
## Structure
### Board
The board of the Payments Council consisted of:
- Independent non-voting chairman
- Fifteen voting directors
- An observer from the Bank of England
Of the fifteen directors on the Board, eleven were industry-appointed directors who represented a cross section of Payments Council membership, and four independent directors.
Each independent director held one voting seat and was appointed for a period of three years, which could be extended once for a further three years. The independent directors together had the power of veto and produced an annual report each year.
### Membership
The Payments Council was a voluntary membership organisation, with a mix of full and associate members.
### Contracts
On behalf of the UK payments industry as a whole, the Payments Council operated contracts with service providers such as BACS, CHAPS, Faster Payments, Cheque and Credit Clearing Company Limited and the LINK ATM Scheme.
## National Payments Plan {#national_payments_plan}
The National Payments Plan was an annual document in which the Payments Council set out its strategic vision for the future development of payment services in the UK.
The first national payments plan was published in May 2008 and updates were published on an annual basis.
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# Payments Council
## Closure of cheque clearing {#closure_of_cheque_clearing}
The first major move of the Payments Council, in 2009, was to agree to a target of 2018 for the closure of cheque clearing in the UK. It also announced that the cheque guarantee card scheme would end in June 2011.
The Payments Council advised a Treasury Select Committee inquiry in February 2010 that cheques were in \"terminal decline\", down to 3.5 million per day in 2009 from a peak of 11 million in 1990. After lobbying from the charity sector, the Council reaffirmed in October 2010 that the 2018 closure is conditional on adequate alternatives being in place by 2016.
However, in April 2011 the Select Committee reopened its inquiry into the 2018 target date, after receiving a large volume of correspondence from small businesses, voluntary organisations and older people who were still using cheques. The inquiry will also consider the structure and performance of the Payments Council, including whether it is sufficiently accountable for the impact of its decisions on consumers.
The chairman of the inquiry, Andrew Tyrie MP, stated, \"The Payments Council has not thought through its arguments carefully enough and its first piece of work on the cost--benefit of abolishing cheques was clearly defective.\" The Payments Council welcomed the opportunity to reassure the public that cheques would not be abolished before acceptable alternatives were available.
On 12 July 2011 the Payments Council announced it had cancelled the 2018 target date to close cheque clearing and that cheques will remain as long as customers need them.
The Treasury Select Committee described the matter as a \"debacle\", stating
> The Payments Council was able to take decisions affecting millions of people at its own initiative without any effective scrutiny by a regulatory body
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# Rescue 77
***Rescue 77*** is an American medical drama television series about the professional and personal lives of paramedics in Los Angeles, California. The series created by Gregory Widen and aired from March 15 to May 3, 1999, on The WB. The creator and executive producer was Gregory Widen, a former Southern California firefighter and paramedic, and the writer of the 1991 firefighting drama *Backdraft*. His goal for the show was to provide a more realistic depiction of the lives of firefighters and paramedics than previous emergency medical television series such as *Emergency!*
## Summary
The show followed the members of a three-person paramedic team assigned to a fictional Los Angeles fire station, Station 77. Kathleen Ryan returns to work in the pilot episode following an emotional breakdown after a stressful call. Throughout the series, there is obvious romantic tension between Ryan and her partner Michael Bell, who is dating a nurse and struggling with his father, who wants Bell to quit his paramedic job and work for the family company. The third member of the team, Wick Lobo, is a young, energetic rookie eager to prove himself. The main characters shared a high sense of duty and loyalty to each other and their commander, Captain Durfee
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# Lee Turnbull (actor)
**Lee Turnbull** is a British actor who has appeared in *The Famous Five*, *Making Waves* and *The Bill*. He appeared on stage at the Old Red Lion in 2004 as part of the cast of *Cherry Picnic*.In 2010 he toured the U.S with 360 Ent\'s production of Peter Pan. After two years of touring he decided to move Stateside permanently. He then went on to write and direct the award winning play \'Love Is\' that premiered at the Hollywood Fringe Festival where he subsequently won the International Award for best play. He now coaches soccer full time
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# Pull the Pin
***Pull the Pin*** is the sixth studio album by Welsh rock band Stereophonics, released by V2 in the UK on 12 October 2007. A Stereophonics newsletter released the *Pull the Pin* album artwork to subscribers. The cover was also shown to Myspace users that had added the band in a bulletin.
The taster track \"Bank Holiday Monday\" had its world premier on Radio 1\'s Chris Moyles Show on Tuesday 1 May 2007 and was made available for digital download on Monday 28 May 2007 from online retailers. The album became a critical and commercial low-point for Stereophonics, receiving negative reviews and---at the time---having the lowest sales figures of their career. Despite this *Pull the Pin* still managed to reach number one on the UK Albums Chart; however, it was their last until *Keep the Village Alive* almost eight years later in 2015.
## Writing
Lead singer Kelly Jones had to take ten months off before commencing to write songs for the album due to an illness in his family. About two years prior to the release of *Pull the Pin*, he had written the lyrics for \"It Means Nothing\" and \"Daisy Lane\" in a hotel in Germany---the latter was written for *Language. Sex. Violence. Other?* (2005) but it wasn\'t completed during that time.
\"It Means Nothing\" was written based on the 7/7 London attacks, it is about the feeling of unease in the city and people realising what was important in their lives. \"Daisy Lane\" is about a young boy who was stabbed to death on the street where Jones lives. The song \"Stone\" contains lyrics which were also featured in their earlier single \"Moviestar\", namely: \"You\'re in my soul / You\'re in my mind\". It was considered for the album\'s lead single but the band and record company decided for \"It Means Nothing\" instead.
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# Pull the Pin
## Release
\"Bank Holiday Monday\" was made available to download on 28 May 2007 to those who purchased tickets for the band\'s tour in November 2007. *Pull The Pin* was released on 12 October 2007 on three formats, including CD, digital and LP.
### Packing and title {#packing_and_title}
The artwork of the two lips was designed by Miles Aldridge while Graham Rounthwaite and Stereophonics handled the art direction. The band photographs inside the CD booklet were taken by Hans Peter van Velthoven. The title and cover art of *Pull the Pin* was negatively received. When reviewing the album, Ian Cohen from *Pitchfork* called them \"awful\" while Drowned in Sound contributor Cpt Howling Mad Murdock called the cover art \"some of the worst artwork of the year.\" Sonja D\'Cruze at the BBC also disliked the artwork, commenting, \"And that\'s not to mention the distasteful artwork of two sets of psychedelic glossed-up lips pulling a grenade pin.\"
### Singles
The band\'s newsletter on 24 July 2007 confirmed details and artwork of the first single to be released from the album. \"It Means Nothing\" was released as the first single from the album in digital form on 24 September 2007 and later on 1 October three major versions were released, including one CD single and two vinyl singles. It charted at number twelve in the UK Singles chart, making it the first lead single to miss out on the top five since \"Local Boy in the Photograph\". \"My Friends\" was released as the second single on 10 December 2007 on three formats, CD, 7\" vinyl and USB, and charted at number thirty-two on the UK charts.
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