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# George Brisbane Scott Douglas
**Sir George Brisbane Scott Douglas, 5th Baronet** (1856--1935) was a Scottish poet and writer, as well as a Baronet.
Douglas was born on 22 December 1856 in Gibraltar, of which his mother, Doña Sanchez de Pina, was a native. He combined the running of a large country estate with his literary and academic endeavours. He never married and, on his death in 1935, he was succeeded by his nephew, James Louis Fitzroy Scott Douglas, who never resided at the family home of five generations, Springwood Park, near Kelso, Scottish Borders.`{{r|Douglas}}`{=mediawiki}
Educated at Harrow and Trinity College in Cambridge, his first book was published in 1880.`{{r|Courier}}`{=mediawiki} He authored some of his books under the name of Sir George Douglas. The family seat was Springwood House, Kelso in the Scottish Borders.`{{r|Courier}}`{=mediawiki} He died on 22 June 1935, aged 78.`{{r|Southern}}`{=mediawiki}
## Works
- *Poems* (1880)
- *The Fireside Tragedy* (1896)
- [*New Border Tales* (1892)](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007695017)
- [*Poems of a Country Gentleman* (1897)](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100153230)
- *Scottish Fairy and Folk Tales* ([reprinted 1901 by W. Scott Publication Company)](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001880521)
- [*Scottish Poetry: Drummond of Hawthornden to Fergusson* (1911)](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001371442)
In 1899, he published both an authoritative biography of James Hogg and the [*History of the Border Counties: Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles*](https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000153602); the latter was published by William Blackwood & Sons
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# Pavel Potemkin
Count **Pavel Sergeevich Potemkin**, sometimes spelled Potyomkin or Potiomkin (*Па́вел Серге́евич Потёмкин*; 1743--1796) was a Russian statesman, soldier, and writer.
He was a cousin of Prince Grigory Potemkin, a well-known military and political figure of Empress Catherine the Great's Russia. He took part in the wars with the rebel adventurer Yemelyan Pugachev, the Ottoman Empire, the Bar Confederation, and in the Kościuszko Uprising. He signed the Treaty of Georgievsk with King Heraclius II of Georgia in 1783.
## Early life {#early_life}
Potemkin was born on `{{OldStyleDateNY|July 8th|June 27th}}`{=mediawiki}, 1743; the son of Sergei Dmitrievich Potemkin (1694 -- 1772) and Anna Mikhailovna, née Princess Kropotkina. Grigory Potemkin was a distant relative. He was one of three sons; the other two being Mikhail and Alexander.
As was customary at that time, 13-year-old Pavel was enrolled in military service in the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment in 1756. He graduated from Imperial Moscow University. He was awarded the honorary court position of Chamber cadet (*Камер-юнкер*), equivalent appointment to a valet de chambre in western Medieval courts.
## Military career {#military_career}
### Russo-Turkish War {#russo_turkish_war}
Potemkin served Imperial Russia during the Russo-Turkish War (1768--1774) and was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th Class on September 22, 1770 for bravery in battle against the Ottoman Empire. He was awarded 3rd Class of the same award on November 26, 1775. He was known as a brave and capable officer who moved up the ranks quickly, although this may have been in part due to the support of his cousin, Grigory Potemkin.
### Pugachev\'s Rebellion {#pugachevs_rebellion}
Potemkin was appointed head of secret investigative commissions on June 11, 1774, by Catherine the Great, putting him in charge of the Kazan and Orenburg secret commissions to investigate and punish participants in Pugachev\'s rebellion. He was in Kazan at the time of its capture by Pugachev's troops on July 15, 1774, and together with the garrison and townspeople he locked himself in the Kazan Kremlin. However that evening, Russian forces under Johann von Michelsohnen reached Kazan and defeated the rebels, forcing Pugachev to retreat.
He supervised the interrogations of many of the captured Pugachev associates in Kazan, and later in Simbirsk. In October 1774, together with General-in-Chief Petr Ivanovich Panin, the military leader of the suppression of the uprising, he interrogated Yemelyan Pugachev in Simbirsk, before returning to Moscow.
After the investigation and trial in January 1775, Potemkin was awarded the Golden Weapon for Bravery. In 1777 he was awarded the Order of St. Anne. On June 28, 1778, he was promoted to chamberlain and awarded the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky.
From October 1781 to June 1782, he assisted James Bruce, who had simultaneously been awarded two different posts, by filling in the post of Governor-General of the Tver Governorate, today split between Tver Oblast and Moscow Oblast.
### North Caucasus {#north_caucasus}
In the fall of 1782, Lieutenant General Pavel took command of the Russian army in the North Caucasus.
At the end of 1782, he persuaded the Kartli-Kakheti king Heraclius II of Georgia to request the Empress of Russia Catherine II accept Georgia as a protectorate of Russia. In an effort to strengthen Russia\'s position in the Caucasus, Catherine II granted Pavel Potemkin broad powers to conclude an agreement with Heraclius II. On July 24, 1783, the Treaty of Georgievsk was signed in the Georgievsk fortress.
In September 1783, Russian troops led by Lieutenant General Potemkin and Lieutenant General Alexander Samoylov crossed the Terek, devastated Chechnya and defeated Chechen troops in the battles of Atagi and Khankala.
In 1784, Potemkin was appointed governor-general of the Saratov Governorate, a position he held until 1787. Moreover, in 1785 he was appointed governor-general of the Caucasus Viceroyalty until 1792.
### Russo-Turkish War (1787-1791) {#russo_turkish_war_1787_1791}
Throughout the Russo-Turkish War (1787--1792) he served in the active army. He commanded the right wing assault during the Siege of Izmail, and was awarded the Order of St. George, 2nd class, for his distinction during the assault.
By decree of Empress Catherine II of June 3, 1791, Potemkin was granted a cloth factory in the village of Glushkovo, Kursk province, along with all the villages, people and lands.
In 1794 he took part in the Kościuszko Uprising, including the Battle of Praga. At the end of hostilities he received the rank of general-in-chief, and in 1795 --- the title of count.
In January 1796, he was accused of complicity in the murder and robbery of the Persian prince Idast Khan in 1786. Defending himself from unfair accusations, Potemkin wrote the poem *The Voice of Innocence*. Shortly thereafter, he fell ill with a fever and died on `{{OldStyleDateNY|April 8th|March 28th}}`{=mediawiki}, 1796 in Moscow. He was buried in the family tomb in Nikolskoye-Kolchevo, Podolsk district, Moscow Governorate, in the church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
## Essays
Potemkin was an amateur poet and author of a number of poetic works. According to Ivan Dmitrevsky, Potemkin was "a man with great talent, and if he had not devoted himself entirely to military service, he would have been an excellent writer." He translated several poems into Russian including the play *Mahomet* by Voltaire and authored two dozen poems including two poetic dramas:
- *The Russians in the Archipelago*, *Россы в Архипелаге* (1772);
- *The Triumph of Friendship*, *Торжество дружбы* (1773).
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# Pavel Potemkin
## Family
In 1785, Potemkin married Praskovya Andreevna Zakrevskaya (02.09.1765 -- 1816), maid of honor of the court, whose father Andrey Osipovich Zakrevsky was a state councilor, director of the Imperial Academy of Arts, St. Petersburg, and district marshal of the nobility. She was a lady of state, famous at court for her beauty and was the favorite of His Serene Highness Prince Grigory Potemkin. The marriage had two sons:
- Grigory (1786--08/26/1812) who died in the Battle of Borodino;
- Sergei (1787--1858) --- a writer who went on to marry Princess Elizaveta Petrovna Trubetskoy (1796-after 1870)
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# Shaadi Ka Laddoo
***Shaadi Ka Laddoo*** is a 2004 Indian Hindi-language comedy film directed by Raj Kaushal. The film was released on 23 April 2004.
## Plot
Shomu and his wife Meenu are a happily married couple with two children. Shomu decides to travel to Britain for business purposes, as well as to meet his childhood friend, Ravi Kapoor. Once in Britain, Shomu finds himself getting close to single women, and realises that he is now ready for an extra-marital affair. His friend, Ravi Kapoor, on the contrary believes that Shomu is the luckiest man on earth, as he is in love with his wife, and their marriage is rock steady. Not trusting her husband, Meenu asks a U.K. based friend to check up on him. The friend reports back that Shomu is involved with a woman named Tara. Meenu decides to go to Britain as well and catch Shomu red-handed. In the meantime, Ravi meets with a waitress named Menaka Choudhary and decides to propose marriage to her, apprehensive that she too will turn him down. The stage is all set for sparks to fly, and emotions to rise
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# Enrique Pla y Deniel
**Enrique Pla y Deniel** (December 19, 1876 -- July 5, 1968) was a Spanish cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He came from a wealthy Barcelona family and trained at the local seminary and the Gregorian University in Rome before an early career in journalism and seminary teaching. He took possession of the Salamancan see in 1935. \"His seven years in Salamanca, from where he played a crucial role in the construction of General Franco\'s crusade, were rewarded with elevation to the primatial see of Toledo\". He served as Archbishop of Toledo from 1941 until his death, and he was elevated to the cardinalate in 1946 by Pope Pius XII.
## Biography
Enrique Pla y Deniel was born in Barcelona, and studied at the seminary there before attending the Pontifical Gregorian University and the Angelicum in Rome. Ordained to the priesthood on July 25, 1900, he completed his studies in 1903 and then did pastoral work in Barcelona, where he also served as a seminary professor, director of several newspapers, and cathedral canon.
On December 4, 1918, Deniel was appointed Bishop of Ávila by Pope Benedict XV. He received his episcopal consecration on June 8, 1919, from Archbishop Francesco Ragonesi, with Bishops Enrique Reig y Casanova and Francisco Mas y Oliver serving as co-consecrators. Deniel was later translated to Bishop of Salamanca on January 28, 1935.
On September 30, 1936, Plá issued his famous pastoral letter \"The Two Cities\", and made his adherence to the insurgents\' cause perfectly plain when he vacated the episcopal palace on October 6 in favour of Francisco Franco. His letter was the first lengthy episcopal consideration of the claim to be waging a just war. In it he reiterated St. Augustine\'s distinction between the terrestrial city, where selfishness prevails, and the celestial city, where love of God replaces all sense of self, and he depicted Spain divided into just such cities; \"communism and anarchism are the very ideology leading to the disdain, the hatred for God Our lord; and against them heroism and martyrdom have flourished.\" The construction of the \"earthly city of those without God\" had been met by a \"heavenly city of God\'s children\". Plá concluded that Thomas Aquinas\' conditions for a just war had been met. A rising against the loyalists had been justified. Although, in the eyes of the world, the conflict might have the external appearance of a civil war, in reality it was a crusade. The rebellion had been to re-establish civil order. The Church had to speak out in favour of order, hierarchical government, Christian civilization, religion, fatherland and family. On the same day that Plá y Deniel issued his most famous pastoral letter, General Francisco Franco was proclaimed head of state. The bishop immediately sent a telegram of congratulation anticipating the \"glorious resurrection of Christian Spain\".
Pope Pius XII named Deniel Archbishop of Toledo, and thus primate of the Church in Spain, on October 3, 1941. He was created cardinal-priest of *San Pietro in Montorio* by Pope Pius in the consistory of February 18, 1946. As a politician, he had been designated to the Cortes as Franco\'s personal appointee in 1943, and remained in office until 1 May 1946.
Deniel was one of the cardinal-electors who participated in the 1958 papal conclave, which selected Pope John XXIII. From 1962 to 1965, he attended the Second Vatican Council, and sat on its board of presidency.
The Spanish cardinal was considered conservative in his views. Although he was a supporter of General Franco (particularly during the Spanish Civil War), Deniel refused to fire a prominent priest from his post as editor of a Catholic Action newspaper after the latter attacked Spain\'s press censorship; he did, however, privately suspend the priest. Deniel voted in another conclave, that of 1963, which resulted in the election of Pope Paul VI.
Deniel died in Toledo, at age 91. He is buried in the Cathedral of Toledo.
## Trivia
- He presided over the marriage of Franco\'s daughter María.
- Pope Paul VI visited the ill cardinal on the day after his election to the papacy
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# Lionel D'Ade
**Lionel Smythe D\'Ade** (c. 1875 in Trinidad -- unknown) was a West Indian cricketer who toured with the first West Indian touring side to England in 1900.
## Biography
He made his debut in important matches for Trinidad against British Guiana in the 1895-96 Inter-Colonial Tournament. In 1896-97 he played for Trinidad against both Lord Hawke\'s team and Priestley\'s side as well as representing the combined West Indies against Priestley\'s XI. He impressed with 55 against Lord Hawke and then 140\* against Priestley, an innings in which he went in at 7-1 and took the score from 148-8 and 178-9 to 284 all out with help from Float Woods and Stephen Rudder.
He was described before the 1900 tour as \"Not now up to his usual form; steady bat and good field\". However he \"did little or nothing until the very end of the tour\". He played just twice in the first ten games scoring only 10 runs. His one substantial innings was 68\* in the very last match against Norfolk.
Returning from the 1900 tour to England he played a number of matches for Trinidad and was chosen for the combined West Indies team against Bennett\'s side in 1901-02 but scored just 0 and 9. His final first class matches were for Trinidad against a weak Jamaica side in 1905. He was never able to repeat the impressive performances of 1896-97
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# Processing (Chinese materia medica)
**Processing** (`{{zh|s=炮制|t=炮製|p=páozhì}}`{=mediawiki}, or `{{zh|c=炮炙|p=páozhì}}`{=mediawiki}) in Chinese *materia medica* (Chinese herbology) is the technique of altering the properties, sterilizing and removing poisons of crude medicines by processing using heat and combination with various materials in a kind of alchemical approach to preparation. It lacks scientific evidence and hence is considered as pseudoscientific.
## Methods
Pao Zhi processing may involve such means as washing, soaking, boiling, steaming, fermenting, drying, roasting, honey frying, wine frying, earth frying, vinegar frying, calcining, or other means. This is a kind of alchemical processing used in everyday preparation of herbal, mineral and animal medicinals.
There are also more esoteric traditions of processing, including those involving mercury, but the term is used to refer to the more common preparations. For instance, frying with wine is believed to enhance the circulatory properties of herbs. Frying with salt is believed to draw the herbal actions to the kidneys. Otherwise cooling herbs may be warmed up by heated techniques
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# Erie Cemetery
**Erie Cemetery** is a historic cemetery located in Erie, Pennsylvania. It is situated on 75 acre of land bordered on the east by Chestnut Street, the west by Cherry Street, the north by 19th Street, and the south by 26th Street.
## History
The cemetery was conceived in October 1846 when a citizens group circulated a petition and collected \$1,500 towards the purchase of land. A new subscription effort in December 1849 led to the incorporation of the cemetery on 29 January 1850, at which time seven managers were named. The deed was conveyed to the corporation on 28 March 1850, at which time a \$1,500 deposit was paid and a judgment bond of \$6,000 signed to secure payment of the balance due. Officers of the corporation were elected on 24 May 1850, namely George A. Eliot, President; William A. Brown, Secretary; and J. C. Spencer, Treasurer. H. Daniels was hired in December 1850 to develop the property. The formal opening of the cemetery took place on 20 May 1851. A porters\' lodge was erected near the main entrance before 1885.
The Erie Cemetery Association manages the Erie Cemetery, as well as [Laurel Hill Cemetery](https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235534/http://www.eriecemeteryassoc.com/laurel_hill_cemetery.html) in Millcreek Township and [Wintergreen Gorge Cemetery](https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235540/http://www.eriecemeteryassoc.com/wintergreen_gorge_cem.html) in Harborcreek Township.
## Notable interments {#notable_interments}
Notable people buried at the Erie Cemetery:
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Notable event or occupation |
+============================+===============+===============+========================================================================================================+
| | | | U.S. Congressman |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Rdml. John Marshall Bowyer | | | Rear Admiral, U.S.N., Superintendent of US Naval Academy, 1909--1911 |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | U.S. Congressman |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | Burgess of Erie (first person buried at the cemetery) |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | Famous African-American singer |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | U.S. Congressman |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | Early settler of Erie County |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | World War II veteran, U.S. Navy rear admiral |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | Major League Baseball pitcher, pitched no-hitter for\ |
| | | | Milwaukee Brewers in 1884 |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | U.S. Congressman |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | War of 1812 veteran, manager of the construction of Perry\'s\ |
| | | | fleet for the Battle of Lake Erie. |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | Philippine--American War veteran, Medal of Honor recipient |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | U.S. Congressman |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | Industrialist, founder of Himrod Mission school |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | Major League Baseball player |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | former Mayor of Erie |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | Veteran of the Battle of Bunker Hill, early settler of Erie County |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | U.S. Congressman |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | U.S. Congressman, President of the Erie and Pittsburgh Railroad |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | U.S. Congressman, Erie County District Attorney,\ |
| | | | Pennsylvania state representative |
+----------------------------+---------------+---------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| | | | U.S
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# John McCormack (Irish footballer)
**John McCormack** was an Irish soccer player who was active during the 1970s and 1980s.
Nicknamed \"The Count,\" McCormack was a classy defender who played for Bohemians amongst others during his career in the League of Ireland He made 9 appearances for Bohs in European competition
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# Downfall (game)
***Downfall*** is a two-player game for players aged 7 and older, first marketed by the Milton Bradley Company in 1970.
The game consists of a vertical board with five slotted dials on each side. Each player starts with ten numbered tokens or discs at the top of the board, five on each side. The object of the game is to move the discs to the bottom of the board by turning the dials. Players alternate turns moving the dials and cannot move a dial that their opponent has just moved. Players cannot repeat the same dial more than three consecutive times. The winner is the first player to move all of their discs into the tray at the bottom, in sequence order (1-2-3-4-5). Discs falling out of sequence loses the game.
Since neither player can see the other\'s board, it is common to inadvertently advance - or hinder - the opponent\'s gameplay. The game rewards forward thinking and planning; players may try to \"trap\" their opponent into turning a dial that will advance their own disc, while trying to ensure that their own discs are not caught and dropped out of order.
The game is currently available in the UK under the name *New Downfall*, manufactured and marketed by Hasbro. The new version follows the same rules but has a more futuristic design in red and yellow.
The game\'s box art is parodied on the cover of *Expert Knob Twiddlers*, an album by Mike & Rich (Mike Paradinas & Richard D. James)
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# Chihaya Castle
is a late Kamakura period Japanese castle located in the village of Chihayaakasaka, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. Its ruins have been protected as a National Historic Site since 1934.
## History
Chihaya Castle is located at a ridge extending from Mount Kongō on the border of Kawachi Province with the Yoshino region of Yamato Province. It overlooks a narrow valley and is approximately five kilometers upstream from Akasaka Castle, which was the main base of the Kusunoki clan. In 1331, when Emperor Go-Daigo attempted to overthrow the Kamakura shogunate in the Genkō War, he relied on Prince Moriyoshi and a local lord from the Chihaya-Akasaka area, Kusunoki Masashige to raise an army. However, this first attempt failed, and Emperor Go-Daigo was captured and exiled to the Oki Islands. Kusunoki Masashige faked his death at the Siege of Akasaka and escaped into the deep mountains of his own territory where he constructed Kami-Akasaka Castle and Chihaya Castle.
The place selected for Chihaya Castle was very defensible: a narrow ridge with an elevation of 150 meters with steep cliffs, protected on both sides by rivers. The only access was by a climb of 500 steep and narrow stairs and the surrounding topography was not conductive to siege operations. Moveable bridges were among the fortress\' chief defensive measures, alongside its wooden walls, earthwork defenses, and strategic location on Mt. Kongō. The fortress was surrounded with felled trees and boulders, which could be rolled down the mountain on an approaching army, and screens of brush were used to help protect from arrows. The castle itself consisted of five enclosures spread 200 meters along the ridge, protected by dry moats. The main enclosure measured around 100 by 20 meters and may have had a *yagura* tower in one corner. Although the castle was small, it could house several hundred men.
In 1333, Kusunoki Masashige emerged from hiding, attacking shogunate positions in Kii province, Osaka and then the *Rokuhara tandai* offices in Kyoto, The Kamakura shogunate sent a large army against him, which took Kami-Akasaka Castle after a siege of two weeks and then attacked Chihaya Castle. Per the medieval chronicle *Taiheiki*, the greatly outnumbered defenders put up a strong defense, forcing the attackers to abandon direct assault and to resort to a siege. However, the castle had a well, and could also receive supplies carried by *yamabushi* supporting Prince Moriyoshi, who was on the other side of Mount Kongō, shogunal forces were unable to cut the castle\'s supply lines. Moreover, Kusunoki Masashige used guerrilla warfare tactics, making continual raids and surprise attacks, or using straw dummies to trick the shogunal army. As the siege continued, the shogunal army, trapped in the narrow valley, began to experience supply problems, along with a considerable loss in prestige in being unable to defeat their numerically much smaller enemy.
While this battle was occurring, Emperor Go-Daigo managed to escape from Oki and raised a new army. The Kamakura shogunate dispatched another large army under the command of Ashikaga Takauji; however, Takauji defected to the imperial side and soon afterwards, at the Battle of Kamakura, the shogunate was overthrown. After the Kenmu restoration, Chihaya Castle became the residence of Kusunoki Masashige, and his sons Kusunoki Masatsura, Kusunoki Masanori and Kusunoki Masatoki. However, in 1392, the castle was attacked by Hatakeyama Motokuni of the Northern Court, who defeated Kusunoki Masanori\'s son, Kusunoki Masakatsu, and the castle was abandoned.
During the Meiji period, a Shinto shrine to Kusunoki Masashige was erected on the site of the Ni-no-maru in castle ruins, with the shrine offices in the San-no-maru.
Chihaya Castle was listed as one of Japan\'s Top 100 Castles by the Japan Castle Foundation in 2006.
Chihaya Castle11.jpg\|site of the Yagura Chihaya Castle12.jpg\|Honmaru Chihaya-jinja haiden.jpg\|Ni-no Maru (Chihaya Jinja) Chihaya-jinja1.jpg\|San-no-maru Chihaya Castle1.jpg\|Yon-no-Maru Chihaya Castle15.jpg\|Old map of the castle Chihaya Castle07.jpg\|Dry moats facing San-no-maru Chihaya Castle05.jpg\|Dry moats facing Yon-no-Maru View from Chihaya Castle.jpg\|View from Yon-no-Maru Chihaya Castle01.jpg\|Entrance to Mount Kongō Chihaya Castle nawabari
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# KJOY
**KJOY** (99.3 FM) is a commercial radio station in Stockton, California. The station is owned by Cumulus Media and broadcasts an adult contemporary radio format, switching to Christmas music for much of November and December. The radio studios and offices are on Transworld Drive in Stockton. It uses the slogan \"Lite Rock, Less Talk.\"
KJOY has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 4,000 watts. The transmitter is off West Lane in Stockton, near the Calaveras River.
## History
On `{{start date and age|1968|6|15}}`{=mediawiki}, the station first signed on. Its original call sign was KJAX. Owned by Joseph Gamble Stations Inc., it was the FM sister station to KJOY (1280 AM, now KWSX). On November 15, 1989, KJAX changed its callsign to KJOY-FM.
On June 26, 1998, Joseph Gamble Stations sold KJOY to Silverado Broadcasting, headed by Ron Miller, for \$3.6 million. In February 2003, Silverado sold four stations, including KJOY, to Citadel Broadcasting for \$25.5 million. On March 10, 2011, Cumulus Media purchased Citadel for \$2.4 billion. The deal closed on September 16, 2011 following a review of the deal by the Federal Communications Commission and divestitures required to comply with ownership limits
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# Brendan O'Riordan
**Brendan O\'Riordan** was an Irish soccer player during the 1970s.
His first club was Shamrock Rovers and he signed for Bohemians in November 1978 where he made 1 appearance for Bohs in European competition. His signing from Milltown was controversial.
A Republic of Ireland national football team youth international in his first season, he won the FAI League Cup at Dalymount Park
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# Plakohypaphorine
**Plakohypaphorines** are halogenated indolic non-proteinogenic amino acids named for their similarity to hypaphorine (*N,N,N*-trimethyltryptophan betaine). First reported in the Caribbean sponge *Plakortis simplex* in 2003, **plakohypaphorines A-C** were the first iodine-containing indole alkaloids to be discovered in nature. **Plakohypaphorines D-F**, also found in *P. simplex*, were reported in 2004 by a group including the researchers who discovered the original plakohypaphorines
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# Christine Campbell (character)
**Christine \"Old Christine\" Campbell** (née **Kimble**) is the title character of *The New Adventures of Old Christine*, portrayed by Julia Louis-Dreyfus in her Primetime Emmy Award winning role. The series surrounds her as she starts to live a more complicated daily life when her ex-husband dates a younger woman, also named Christine. Louis-Dreyfus received critical acclaim for her performance as Christine, winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series in 2006.
## Character history {#character_history}
Christine is a divorcee with a young son. Christine\'s competitive and aggressive nature are common factors that get in the way of her happiness, such as in the episode \"Ritchie Has Two Mommies\", where she refuses to let her son meet her ex-husband\'s new girlfriend, fearing he\'ll like her more. Christine is seen as very self-centered, as she often makes situations revolving around other people about her.
Christine likes to be seen as politically and socially progressive and liberal, but her oblivious attitude towards current events and politics frequently go back to her obsession with *American Idol* (in which she is so invested that she took to her bed for three days after the elimination of Melinda Doolittle). In \"Strange Bedfellows\", Christine attempts to get more involved with the world to be a good role model for her son, which goes horribly wrong when she supports a cause sponsored by the oil company. Christine often gets obsessions with celebrities, as her peers have brought up Jon Stewart, and she has brought up people including Jake Gyllenhaal and Taylor Hicks. It\'s hinted throughout the series that Christine had occasional sexual encounters with women in her college years.
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# Christine Campbell (character)
## Character relationships {#character_relationships}
### Family
**Richard Campbell** (Clark Gregg), Christine\'s ex-husband and current friend. Richard often criticizes Christine for being too controlling and being a bad role model for their son Ritchie. They remain friends and Christine often gets herself tangled up in his problems, resulting in them being worse.
**Matthew Kimble** (Hamish Linklater), Christine\'s brother and uncle of Ritchie. Matthew lives at the house and does as he pleases in exchange for caring for Ritchie when needed. Matthew often finds himself having to tend to Christine\'s strange problems, issues and ideas.
**Ritchie Campbell** (**Richard Mortimer Campbell, Jr.**) (Trevor Gagnon), Christine\'s son, whom she clearly loves. They have a good relationship but Ritchie prefers to hang out with his dad.
### Friends
**Christine \"New Christine\" Liezl Hunter** (Emily Rutherfurd), Richard\'s girlfriend. Perceived as a dumb blonde, Christine fills herself with feelings of jealousy and hatred for unknown reasons, until made apparent when Christine ruins Richard\'s birthday when saying that she was better than New Christine. Since then, Christine has hated her for different reasons, such as setting her up with a high school student and moving in with Richard. Christine also slept with \"New\" Christine\'s father (Jeff Hunter), a problem circulating through the seasons. In episode 5.20, Christine gives birth to a daughter with Richard, Dakota Christine Hunter-Campbell, who shares a birthday with \"Old Christine.\"
**Barbara \"Barb\" Baran** (Wanda Sykes), Christine\'s best friend and co-owner at the gym. Barb and Christine are seen frequently disagreeing despite their friendship. Barb often goes with people such as Matthew and Richard who make fun of her for various reasons. In the fourth season, when Barb risked deportation, Christine offered to marry her so Barb could stay in the country. Christine was much more enthusiastic about this than Barb was.
**Lindsay and Marly** (Alex Kapp Horner and Tricia O\'Kelley), terrible and lazy moms at Ritchie\'s school. Continuously criticize Christine because of her fashion sense and the fact that she works. Recently, Christine attempted to befriend them, and although it went well, she later left because they were disrespecting Ritchie. Lindsay, the least cut-throat, defended Christine once when they crashed cars.
## Conception
Although Julia Louis-Dreyfus\' run on *Seinfeld* ran for nine seasons, the actress struggled to find success after that sitcom ended. The NBC sitcom *Watching Ellie* did not last more than two shortened seasons but her role as Christine Campbell on *The New Adventures of Old Christine* lasted five full seasons on CBS until it was cancelled in May 2010. During the show\'s run, she received five consecutive Primetime Emmy Award nominations and one win.
As Christine Campbell, Louis-Dreyfus plays the part of a mother, a characteristic not present in her previous two roles on television. A mother of two boys herself, Louis-Dreyfus has said she enjoys playing Christine Campbell, who coincidentally enough has a young boy of about the same age as her real-life children. Also, both Louis-Dreyfus and her character are environmentalists, and both drive hybrid cars.
Lindsay Soll writes, \"In addition to her emotional baggage, *The New Adventures of Old Christine*'s mom (Julia Louis-Dreyfus) totes Julie K\'s leather \'Rianne\' purse
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# Ben O'Sullivan
**Ben O\'Sullivan** was an Irish soccer player during the 1960s and 1970s.
## Career
He played for Bohemians (two spells), Derry City and St. Patrick\'s Athletic during his career in the League of Ireland and made 1 appearance for Bohs in European competition. O\'Sullivan was an ace goalscorer whose best season for Bohs came in 1966/67 when he netted 22 times in all competitions (9 league goals). This marginally eclipsed his previous season\'s total of 21 goals (10 league goals).
He made his debut for Bohemians in 1965 and spent the next 3 years at Dalymount Park before signing for Derry City. He returned to Bohs in 1969 and helped them win the FAI Cup in 1970. After 84 goals in 214 appearances Ben went to St. Pats, winning a runners-up medal in the 1974 FAI Cup Final against Finn Harps
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# SS-Begleitkommando des Führers
***SS-Begleitkommando des Führers*** (\"SS Escort Command of the Führer\"; SS-BKdF), later known as the ***Führerbegleitkommando*** (\"Führer Escort Command\"; FBK), was originally an eight-man SS squad formed from a twelve-man security squad (known as the *SS-Begleitkommando*) tasked with protecting the life of Adolf Hitler during the early 1930s. Another bodyguard unit, the *Reichssicherheitsdienst* (Reich Security Service; RSD) was formed in 1933, and by the following year replaced the FBK in providing Hitler\'s overall security throughout Germany. The FBK continued under separate command from the RSD and provided close, personal security for Hitler. The two units worked together for Hitler\'s security and protection, especially during trips and public events, though they operated at such events as separate groups and used separate vehicles. When the FBK unit was expanded, the additional officers and men were selected from the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH). The majority of these additional men were used by Hitler as guards for his residences while uninhabited and as orderlies, valets, waiters, and couriers.
The FBK accompanied Hitler on all his travels and was always present at the different *Führerhauptquartiere* (Führer Headquarters; FHQ) throughout World War II. When on duty, the FBK members were the only armed personnel Hitler allowed to be near him. The unit remained responsible for Hitler\'s personal protection until his suicide in Berlin on 30 April 1945.
## Service history {#service_history}
The *SS-Begleitkommando* was formed on 29 February 1932 to provide general protection to Hitler and other party functionaries. Twelve *Schutzstaffel* (SS) members were selected by Sepp Dietrich to present to Hitler. From the twelve, a smaller eight-man team called the *SS-Begleitkommando des Führers* was chosen to protect Hitler as he travelled around Germany. Their first appearance was when they accompanied Hitler during the election campaign trips in 1932. They served around the clock protecting Hitler.
Formed in March 1933, the *Führerschutzkommando* (FSK) replaced the *SS-Begleitkommando* for Hitler\'s overall protection throughout Germany in the spring of 1934. The FSK members consisted of criminal-police detectives of the Bavarian police. The small *SS-Begleitkommando des Führers* unit continued to provide personal security for Hitler. The FSK was also responsible for general security measures, preventive measures, and prosecution of assassination attempts. The *Führerschutzkommando* was officially renamed the *Reichssicherheitsdienst* (Reich Security Service; RSD) on 1 August 1935. The RSD and the *SS-Begleitkommando* cooperated with the *Ordnungspolizei* (uniformed order police), Gestapo, and other agencies to provide the inner security requirements, whereas outer protection was handled by general SS units.
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# SS-Begleitkommando des Führers
## Service history {#service_history}
### Expansion and renamed {#expansion_and_renamed}
The *SS-Begleitkommando* was expanded and became known as the *Führerbegleitkommando* (Führer Escort Command; FBK). By 1937, the unit had grown to 37 members. The FBK continued under separate command and provided close, personal security for Hitler. Additional members for the FBK were drawn from the Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler (LSSAH). Hitler used them for guard duty, but also as orderlies, valets, waiters, and couriers. While nominally under the control of *Reichsführer-SS* Heinrich Himmler, the FBK took their orders direct from Hitler, much to Himmler\'s frustration. For administrative purposes, the FBK was under the control of the LSSAH. That did not change the fact the unit received their orders from Hitler and in later years from his chief adjutant, Julius Schaub, through the day-to-day operational orders given to Johann Rattenhuber, chief of the RSD.
When on duty, the FBK members were the only armed personnel Hitler allowed to be near him. They never had to surrender their Walther PPK 7.65 pistols and were never searched when they were with Hitler. On the other hand, the RSD men were required to remain at positions some distance away from Hitler.
The FBK and RSD worked together for security and protection during trips and public events, but they operated as two groups and used separate vehicles. RSD chief Rattenhuber was in overall command and the FBK chief acted as his deputy. His FBK chauffeur Erich Kempka usually drove one of Hitler\'s black Mercedes-Benz cars from a fleet of six to eight that were stationed in Berlin, Munich and other places. Unless in the company of an important person, Hitler would sit in the front seat next to Kempka, with an adjutant behind him. When travelling in motorcades, following Hitler\'s Mercedes would be two cars to the left and right, one with FBK men and the other with a detachment of RSD men. In July 1938, upon Kempka\'s directive a fully armor-plated Mercedes was built and delivered in time for Hitler\'s 50th birthday of 20 April 1939. The car had 18 mm steel plate and 40 mm bullet-proof glass.
By March 1938, both the FBK and RSD wore the standard field grey uniform of the SS. The two units were under the control of the SS and both units were made up of SS members. Guarding Hitler could require very long days, especially for the FBK members, who at times were on duty for twenty-four hours without rest. However, the RSD members as trained criminal-police detectives tended to consider themselves a more disciplined group.
The FBK accompanied Hitler on all his travels and was always present at the different *Führerhauptquartiere* (Führer Headquarters; FHQ) in various parts of occupied Europe during World War II. Wherever Hitler was in residence, members of the FBK and RSD were present. The FBK provided close security protection and would also be posted as guards in corridors leading to Hitler\'s office in places such as the Reich Chancellery. The RSD men patrolled the grounds. For special events, the number of LSSAH guards, who provided an outer ring of protection was increased. By 15 January 1943 the FBK had expanded to 31 SS officers and 112 men. Thirty-three were used for escort duties, rotating in groups of eleven. The rest were used as guards for Hitler\'s residences \"not in use at the time\" and other duties.
### Wolf\'s Lair FHQ {#wolfs_lair_fhq}
As RSD chief, Rattenhuber was responsible for securing Hitler\'s field headquarters. Hitler\'s most famous military FHQ during the war was the Wolf\'s Lair *(Wolfsschanze)*. He spent more time at that Eastern Front military field headquarters than any other. Hitler first arrived at the headquarters in June 1941. In total, he spent more than 800 days there during a three-and-a-half-year period until his final departure on 20 November 1944. It was guarded by personnel from the RSD, and *Führerbegleitbrigade* (FBB). The FBK men were also present when Hitler was there. It had several security zones. *Sperrkreis 1* (Security Zone 1) was located at the heart of the Wolf\'s Lair. Ringed by steel fencing and guarded by RSD and FBK men, it contained Hitler\'s bunker and ten other camouflaged bunkers built from 2 m thick steel-reinforced concrete. *Sperrkreis 2* (Security Zone 2) surrounded the inner zone. This area housed the quarters of several Reich ministers, the HQ personnel, two messes, a communication centre, as well as the military barracks for the FBB. *Sperrkreis 3* (Security Zone 3) was a heavily fortified outer security area which surrounded the two inner zones. It was defended by land mines and FBB personnel, who manned guard houses, watchtowers and checkpoints. Despite the security, the most notable assassination attempt against Hitler was made at the Wolf\'s Lair on 20 July 1944. No plots or assassination attempts ever originated with or included members of the FBK or RSD. The original FBK members were old Nazi Party comrades of Hitler and all the men chosen were loyal to him.
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# SS-Begleitkommando des Führers
## 1945
SS-*Obersturmbannführer* Franz Schädle was appointed the last FBK commander on 5 January 1945, after the dismissal of Bruno Gesche in December 1944. Himmler wrote a strongly worded rebuke, after an incident that featured a drunken Gesche firing shots at a comrade. Gesche was reduced nine grades in rank and transferred to the Waffen-SS.
On 16 January 1945, following the failure of the Battle of the Bulge, Schädle accompanied Hitler and his entourage into the bunker complex under the Reich Chancellery garden in the central government sector of Berlin. The FBK and the rest of Hitler\'s personal staff moved into the *Vorbunker* and *Führerbunker*. The main entry into the *Führerbunker* was from a stairway built at right angles leading down from the *Vorbunker*. After descending the stairs into the lower section, RSD and FBK men were positioned in a guard room to check identity cards and briefcases, before personnel were allowed to pass into the corridor of the *Führerbunker* proper. The FBK and RSD men were on duty in twelve-hour shifts. By 23 April 1945, Schädle commanded approximately 30 members of the FBK unit who stood guard for Hitler until his suicide on 30 April 1945. During that time, most of the remaining FBK and RSD men had been withdrawn from the \"exposed sentry posts\" on the Chancellery roof and outside the *Führerbunker* entrances due to the shelling of the area by Soviet Red Army artillery.
After Hitler\'s death, a briefing conference was held where prior orders were implemented that those who could do so were to break out from the centre government sector and join other German formations. The plan was to escape from Berlin to surrender to the Western Allies on the Elbe or join the German Army to the north. Schädle did not join one of the break out groups, which included FBK and RSD members. According to the bunker\'s master electro-mechanic Johannes Hentschel, by that time Schädle\'s shrapnel leg wound had become gangrenous. He could only walk at a slow pace using a crutch. Schädle committed suicide by shooting himself in the mouth with a pistol, rather than attempt the break out from the surrounded Reich Chancellery area
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# Richard Harris (footballer)
**Richard Harris** (born 23 October 1980) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Crystal Palace and Wycombe Wanderers during the late 1990s and early 2000s. He made an appearance in the FA Youth Cup final against Leeds United in the 1996--97 season against players like Paul Robinson, Harry Kewell and Alan Smith.
## Career
Born in Croydon, Harris joined Crystal Palace as a seven-year-old and progressed through the youth and reserve teams to the first team, for whom he made his debut against Huddersfield Town in May 1999. He made 13 league and cup appearances for Crystal Palace, and had loan spells at Mansfield Town and Wycombe Wanderers, before joining Wycombe Wanderers on a permanent basis in April 2002. Harris scored eight goals in 39 appearances in all competitions for Wycombe Wanderers, including two goals in a League Cup victory over First Division side Wimbledon in August 2003. He joined non-league side Woking in December 2003, and later Maidenhead United, before being released by Wycombe Wanderers at the end of the 2003--04 season. He then dropped into non-league football with spells at Eastbourne Borough, Maidenhead United, Horsham, Merthyr Tydfil, Llanelli, Sutton United, and Tonbridge Angels
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# David Parkes (footballer, born 1950)
**David Parkes** (born 7 April 1950) is an Irish former soccer player who was active during the 1960s and 1970s. After retiring he became a singer [1](http://irishrecords.com/david-parkes/).
Parkes made his League of Ireland debut for St Patrick\'s Athletic in 1967 and signed for Bohemians in 1969. He played his part in Bohs FAI Cup winning campaign of 1970 where he formed a solid full-back partnership with John Doran. He spent 4 seasons at Dalymount Park making 76 appearances in the league and 3 appearances in European competition.
He signed for Shamrock Rovers in January 1973 where he stayed for two and a half years. He later played for Waterford and Drogheda United.
His son Gary played for Rovers Under 16s in the 90s
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# Eno railway station
**Eno railway station** is situated in Eno, North Karelia, Finland. This rural station is the first stop north of Joensuu station on the VR railway line between Joensuu and Nurmes. The station is normally only served by two passenger trains each way every day. The station has no ticket machines
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# Western coast of Cantabria
The **Western Coast of Cantabria** is a *comarca* of the **Cantabria** Spanish autonomous community which comprises the municipalities of Val de San Vicente, San Vicente de la Barquera, Valdáliga, Comillas, Udías, Ruiloba, Alfoz de Lloredo and Santillana del Mar.
As its own name indicates, this *comarca* extends over the western coast of the autonomous community, from its border with Asturias by the mouth of the Deva River, to the Saja-Besaya mouth in Suances, although these limits may vary depending on the source, since this *comarca*, as in the rest of Cantabria\'s, is not regulated, but there are common characteristic elements in the municipalities that belong to it.
This zone has great tourism assets like beaches, nature, gastronomy and culture. Santillana del Mar, Comillas, Suances and San Vicente de la Barquera are the municipalities of greater renown, both in the *comarca* and in Cantabria, so they are the main destinations for tourists.
Three of the longest rivers of Cantabria flow into the Western coast: The Deva, the Nansa and the Saja-Besaya. In addition to the numerous beaches, the Oyambre Natural Park and Mount Corona stand out as natural attractions.
As has been mentioned, the culture of the zone is quite remarkable, since many cultural spots are concentrated within a few kilometers radius: the Altamira Cave and Museum, the Zoologic and Botanic Garden, the Collegiate Church in Santillana del Mar; and the Sobrellano Palace, the Comillas Pontifical University and the Gaudí Caprice in Comillas
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# Rademacher (band)
**Rademacher** is an indie rock band from Fresno, California. They have toured the West Coast with bands including Silversun Pickups, The Joggers, Earlimart, and Man Man. They released three EPs between 2004 and 2006, as well as their first full-length album in December 2007. The final disc of their three-album Baby Hawk trilogy was released on March 6, 2012.
Rademacher was featured in *Billboard* magazine under the heading: \"Unsigned artists with the potential to break into the big time.\" Rademacher\'s music was also featured on the television show Icons which airs on the G4 network.
The band released their first full-length album, *Stunts*, on December 4, 2007. The album was recorded at The Ship studios in Eagle Rock, and produced by their friend Aaron Espinosa of Earlimart. To promote their new album, Rademacher set up live show residencies in San Francisco, Fresno and Los Angeles, as well as a \"blog-idency\", where the band made their songs from the new album available on four different LA-area music blogs. This approach gained the band notoriety from various music journals, like CMJ and Spin Magazine
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# Steele (surname)
**Steele** is a surname, and may refer to:
## A
- A. W. Steele (1862--1925), American political cartoonist
- Aaron Steele (footballer, born 1983), English football player active in Canada
- Aaron Steele (footballer, born 1987), English football player
- Abram B. Steele (1845--1913), American lawyer and politician
- Alfred E. Steele (born 1954), American politician
- Alfred Nu Steele (1901--1959), American businessman and husband of Joan Crawford
- Alfonso Steele (1817--1911), one of the last surviving Republic of Texas veterans
- Alison Steele (1937--1995), American radio personality
- Allen Steele (born 1958), American science fiction author
- Amanda Steele (born 1999), American video blogger, model and actress
- Anne Steele (1717--1778), English hymnwriter and essayist
## B
- Barbara Steele (born 1937), British actor
- Bobbie L. Steele (born 1937), American politician
- Bobby Steele (born 1956), American punk guitarist
- Brendan Steele (born 1983), American golfer
## C
- Cassie Steele (born 1989), Canadian actress
- Charles Steele (Royal Air Force officer), British First World War flying ace
- Charles Kenzie Steele (1914--1980), also known as C. K. Steele, American civil rights activist
- Charles Steele Jr. (born 1946), American businessman, politician and civil rights leader
- Charlie Steele, Jr., New Zealand football player
- Charlie Steele, Sr., New Zealand football player
- Chester K. Steele, pseudonym used by the Stratemeyer Syndicate
- Chris Steele (doctor) (born 1945), resident health expert on the UK TV show *This Morning*
- Chris Steele (musician)
- Christopher Steele (born 1964), British intelligence officer
- Claude Steele (born 1946), American social psychologist and academic
## D
- Dale Steele (born 1955), American college football coach and former player
- Daphne Steele (1929--2004), Guyanese nurse and midwife, first Black matron in the English National Health Service
- Dave Steele (1974--2017), American racecar driver
- David Steele (disambiguation)
- David Steele (musician) (born 1960), British bassist of the bands The Beat and Fine Young Cannibals
- Dawn Steele (born 1975), Scottish actress
- Dominic Steele, Australian Anglican minister, author and presenter of the course *Introducing God* used in Australia and worldwide
- Don Steele (1936--1997), American disc jockey
- Donald Steele (1892--1962), Australian cricketer and doctor
- Donnie Steele, member of the American band Slipknot
- Doug Steele, Canadian politician first elected in 2016
- Duane Steele (born 1968), Canadian country singer
## E
- Elijah Steele (1817--1883), American politician
- Elmer Steele (1886--1966), American baseball player
- Eric Steele (born 1954), English football player and coach
- Esther Baker Steele (1835--1911), American educator, author, editor and philanthropist
## F
- Fletcher Steele (1885--1971), American landscape architect
- Florence Harriet Steele (1857--1948), British artist
- Franklin Steele (c. 1813--1880), American settler
- Frederick Steele (1819--1868), Union general during the American Civil War
- Freddie Steele (1912--1984), American boxer and film actor
- Freddie Steele (footballer) (1916--1976), English footballer and football manager
## G
- George Steele (disambiguation)
- Gile Steele (1908--1952), Hollywood costume designer
- Gordon Charles Steele (1891--1981), English Royal Navy captain awarded the Victoria Cross
- Guy L. Steele Jr. (born 1954), American computer scientist and author
## H
- Harper Steele (born 1961), American television writer
- Harry Steele (businessman) (1929--2022), Canadian entrepreneur and businessman
- Helen Steele (1894--?), American music composer
- Henry J. Steele (1860--1933), American politician
## J
- Jack Steele (disambiguation)
- Jadrien Steele (born 1974), American actor, author and film director
- Jahna Steele (1958--2008), American transgender entertainer and Las Vegas showgirl
- James Steele (disambiguation)
- Jason Steele (disambiguation)
- Jeffrey Steele (born 1961), American country music singer and songwriter
- Jeffrey Steele (artist) (1931--2021), British painter
- Jevetta Steele (born 1962), American R&B jazz and gospel music singer
- Jim Steele (footballer) (born 1950), Scottish former footballer
- Jimmy Steele (American football) (1909--1980), American college player
- Jimmy Steele (dentist) (1962--2017), British dentist
- Jimmy Steele (Irish republican) (1907--1970), Irish Republican Army militant
- Joel Dorman Steele (1836--1886), American textbook writer with his wife Esther Baker Steele
- Johannes Steele (1908--1988), German-born American journalist, writer and alleged Soviet spy
- John Steele (disambiguation)
- Jonathan Steele (disambiguation)
- Joseph Steele (1881-?), Canadian politician and carpenter
- Joseph H. Steele (1836--1913), American politician and businessman
- Josh Steel (born 1997), British basketball player
- Joshua Steele (c. 1700--1796), Irish planter and writer, British linguist of the 18th century
- Joshua Steele, English dubstep musician known as Flux Pavilion
- Joyce Steele (1909--1991), Australian politician
- Justin Steele (1935--2019), American baseball player in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
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# Steele (surname)
## K
- Karen Steele (1931--1988), American actress and model
- Kevin Steele (born 1958), American former college football coach and player
- Kevin Steele (politician), American politician elected in 2022
## L
- Larry Steele (born 1949), American former National Basketball Association player
- Larry Steele (producer) (1913--1980), American songwriter, composer and impresario dubbed the \"Black Flo Ziegfeld\"
- Lee Steele (born 1973), English former footballer
- Leslie Jasper Steele (1868--1929), American politician
- Luke Steele (disambiguation), multiple people
## M
- Markus Steele (born 1979), American former National Football League player
- Martin Steele (born 1962), English former middle-distance runner
- Martin R. Steele (born 1946), retired United States Marine Corps lieutenant general
- Mary Steele (1678--1718), Welsh prolific letter writer to her husband
- Mary E Steele (1936-- 2020), English traveller and natural history collector
- Michael Steele (born 1958), American politician
- Michael Steele (musician) (born 1955), American retired musician, bass player for The Bangles
- Michele Steele (born 1978), American television anchor and reporter
- Michelle Steele (born 1986), Australian skeleton racer
## P
- Paul Steele (born 1957), Canadian Olympic champion rower
- Philippa M. Steele, classical scholar and linguist
- Peter Steele (born 1962), American musician,Lead vocalist for goth metal band Type o Negative
## R
- Ray Steele (disambiguation)
- Raymond Steele (1917--1993), Australian rules footballer
- Richard Steele (disambiguation)
- Riley Steele (born 1987), American pornographic actress
- Robert Steele (disambiguation)
- Rocco Steele (born 1964), American gay pornographic actor
- Ronald Steele (born 1986), American former basketball player
- Rowena Granice Steele (1824--1901), American actress, singer, author, newspaper journalist, editor and publisher, saloon keeper and theater operator
- Ryan Steele (disambiguation)
## S
- Sage Steele (born 1972), American sports television anchor
- Sam Steele (1849--1919), Canadian legendary military and law enforcement officer
- Samantha Steele (born 1985), American sportscaster
- Selena Steele, member of the Adult Video News Hall of Fame
- Shelby Steele (born 1946), African-American author, columnist, documentary filmmaker and academic
- Susan J. Swift Steele (1822--1895), American social reformer
- Sydnee Steele (born 1968), American sex therapist, author, free speech activist and former pornographic actress
## T
- Terence Steele (born 1997), American football player
- Thomas Steele (disambiguation)
- Tim Steele (disambiguation)
- Timothy Steele (born 1948), American poet
- Tom Steele (politician) (1905--1979), Scottish politician
- Tom Steele (stuntman) (1909--1990), Scottish-born stuntman and actor
## V
- Valerie Steele (born 1955), American fashion historian and curator
## W
- Walter Leak Steele (1823--1891), American politician
- Walter S. Steele (died 1962), American magazine editor and publisher and anti-communist, anti-immigration activist
- William Steele (disambiguation)
## Fictional characters {#fictional_characters}
- Chloe Steele, in the *Left Behind* series of novels by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins
- Rayford Steele, de facto protagonist in the *Left Behind* series of novels by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B
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# Bréguet 521 Bizerte
The **Bréguet 521 *Bizerte*** was a long-range military reconnaissance flying boat built by the French aviation company Breguet.
## Development
An all-metal sesquiplane with three engines mounted in nacelles between the upper and lower wings, the aircraft was a development of the **Breguet S.8/2 Calcutta**, which itself was a militarised licensed version of the British Short S.8 Calcutta. It was built to meet a 1932 French Navy specification for a long-range flying boat, competing against proposals from Latécoère (the 582), Lioré et Olivier (the unbuilt LeO H42) and Loire Aviation (the Loire 70). The prototype made its first flight on 11 September 1933, which resulted in the prototype being purchased, and an order placed for two more on 4 January 1934.
A series of small orders for production *Bizertes* was placed, starting with an order for three in 1934, with the last order, for 12 (nine of which were later cancelled) being placed in September 1939. In total, 37 Bizertes were built, with the last three not being completed until after the French surrender in June 1940.
In 1935 a civilian version -- the **Breguet Br.530 *Saigon*** -- was produced.
## Operational history {#operational_history}
After the first flight in September 1933, 37 aircraft were produced, which served with five squadrons of the French Navy from 1935 until 1940. Two squadrons remained in service with the Vichy Navy after the armistice, at Berre in Southern France and Karouba in Tunisia, with six aircraft each. The German Luftwaffe purchased a number of Bizertes for its *Seenotdienst* (Air-Sea Rescue) service in 1940, which (in addition to the three undelivered Bizertes) it used to equip a squadron based at Brest on the French Atlantic coast. When Vichy France was occupied by the Germans following the Allied invasion of North Africa in November 1942, the remaining Vichy Bizertes were taken over by the Luftwaffe, allowing further *Seenotdienst* units to be established at Biscarrosse and Berre. Following the Allied Invasion of Southern France in August 1944, one of the *Luftwaffe* *Bizertes* was discovered by French forces and used for communications duties until spares ran out.
## Variants
Breguet 521.01
: Prototype, powered by three Gnome-Rhône 14Kdrs 14-cylinder two-row radial engines
Breguet 521 *Bizerte*
: Long-range flying boat, powered by three Gnome-Rhône 14Kirs 14-cylinder two-row radial engines or three Gnome-Rhône 14N radial engines.
Breguet 522
: Re-engined version of Breguet 521. Three 900 hp Hispano-Suiza 14AA radial engines. One built.
Breguet 530 *Saigon*
: Civil version of the Breguet 521. Three Hispano-Suiza 12Ybr liquid-cooled inlines. Two built.
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# Bréguet 521 Bizerte
## Specifications (Br.521) {#specifications_br.521}
`{{Aircraft specs
|ref=''Warplanes of the Second World War. Vol. 5. Flying Boats,<ref name="woswwv5">{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=William |title=Warplanes of the Second World War. v. 5. |date=1962 |publisher=Macdonald |location=London |isbn=0356014495 |pages=6–9}}</ref> The encyclopedia of military aircraft<ref name="eoma">{{cite book |last1=Jackson |first1=Robert |title=The encyclopedia of military aircraft |year=2002 |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofmi0000jack |url-access=registration |publisher=Parragon Pub |isbn=0-7525-8130-9}}</ref>''
|prime units?=met
<!--
General characteristics
-->
|crew=8
|length m=20.48
|span m=35.18
|height m=7.5
|wing area sqm=162.6
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=20878
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=33271
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=36597
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{cvt|5250.7|L|USgal impgal|0}}
|more general=
<!--
Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=3
|eng1 name=[[Gnome-Rhône 14Kirs1]]
|eng1 type=14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=900
|prop blade number=<!-- propeller aircraft -->3
|prop name=variable-pitch propellers
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=243
|max speed note=at {{cvt|1000|m}}
|cruise speed kmh=164
|cruise speed note=economical cruise
*'''Normal Cruising speed''' {{cvt|199|km/h| mph kn}}
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed mph=
|stall speed kts=
|stall speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed mph=
|minimum control speed kts=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=2100
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|range note=at normal cruise at {{cvt|1000|m}}
*'''Maximum range:''' at economical cruise {{cvt|3000|km|mi nmi}}
|combat range km=
|combat range miles=
|combat range nmi=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range miles=
|ferry range nmi=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=19685
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude={{cvt|2000|m}} in 8 min 46 sec; {{cvt|3000|m}} in 14 min 30 sec
|wing loading kg/m2=90.2
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|fuel consumption lb/mi=
|power/mass={{cvt|0.137|kW/kg|hp/lb|3}}
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=
<!--
Armament
-->
|guns=5 × {{cvt|7.5|mm|3}} [[Darne machine gun]]s
|bombs=4 × {{cvt|75|kg|0}} bombs underwing
}}`{=mediawiki}
## Operators
`{{FRA}}`{=mediawiki}
- Aviation Navale
- Air France operated 37 Br.530s from 1935
`{{Flag|Vichy France}}`{=mediawiki}
- Vichy French Air Force
`{{flag|Nazi Germany}}`{=mediawiki}
- Luftwaffe 8 seized aircraft were used for air-sea rescue
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# Arrowtooth flounder
The **arrowtooth flounder** (*Atheresthes stomias*) is a fish in the family Pleuronectidae. It can be caught from the Bering Sea to Santa Rosa Island, California. At present, it is the most common fish in the Gulf of Alaska. Data is insufficient for many of the flounder\'s general traits, including size and age of sexual maturity. Spawning is known to occur from December through February and the species can live up to 27 years.
If not properly handled, the flesh of an arrowtooth flounder can soften, due to a proteolytic enzyme which is emitted from a myxosporean parasite that softens the flesh when heated, lowering value and marketability. To make it more marketable, arrowtooth is usually sold on the West Coast as turbot, although it is not related to the true turbot. Additives have been created to combat the softening of flesh, creating economic feasibility for the catching of the flounder
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# Armstrong Whitworth Wolf
The **Armstrong Whitworth Wolf** was a British two-seat reconnaissance aircraft ordered by the Royal Air Force in 1923.
## Design and development {#design_and_development}
The Wolf was a two-bay biplane of unorthodox design, with the fuselage mounted between the two sets of wings. No production order was placed, and the three machines built served their days at the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough as experimental testbeds.
Alongside the RAF\'s order in 1923, Armstrong Whitworth also built two for the RAF Reserve Flying School at Whitley, and a final, sixth aircraft in 1929. As trainers, they proved popular with pilots, although less so with ground crews for whom the rigging and undercarriage were awkward to maintain.
All Wolves were retired from service in 1931 and all but the most recently built were scrapped. The final aircraft was taken to Hamble for use as an instructional airframe
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# Kunsthal Aarhus
**Kunsthal Aarhus** is a contemporary arts centre located in the city of Aarhus in Denmark.
## History
Kunsthal Aarhus was established in 1917 on the initiative of Aarhus Art Association of 1847, and it remains the only arts centre in Aarhus and one of the oldest in Denmark and Europe. With its founding mission to \"inspire and promote a general knowledge of the fine arts\", the art\'s centre was received with great enthusiasm by the public and has since played a central role in developing and presenting international contemporary art in Denmark. Originally designed by architect Axel Høeg-Hansen, the institution went through a process of artistic and architectural expansions, most notably by C. F. Møller Architects in the 1990s and 2000s, to take its current form with over 1,000 m^2^ of exhibition spaces, which doubled the exhibition space and increased the number of visitors.
Aarhus Kunsthal has 1,000 m^2^ of exhibition halls, making it one of Denmark's largest and most important venues for contemporary art. On display are solo exhibitions, thematic exhibitions, special exhibitions and dialogue exhibitions between Danish and foreign artists covering all fields of artwork from painting and sculpture to photography, film and video.
From 2013, one of the first significant changes associated with the new programme, is the development of a new visual identity in collaboration with the Danish strategic design firm Designit. As part of the process of reconnecting its history and future vision, \"Århus Kunstbygning\" has been transformed into \"Kunsthal Aarhus\".
## Publications
- Bolt B. & Jakobsen J
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# Edna Savage
**Edna Savage** (21 April 1936 -- 31 December 2000) was a traditional pop singer in the United Kingdom.
Savage was born in Warrington, Lancashire, England. She had two elder sisters. Her father was a landscape gardener; her mother an amateur singer. She left school at 15 (common in the UK in those days). At first she trained as a telephone operator, but after a few bands had her sing for them locally, she quit the telephone job to sing professionally.
She auditioned twice for the BBC before making her first broadcast, in 1954. She recorded a number of records, only one of which charted, \"Arrivederci Darling\" in 1956, which made it to No. 19 in the UK Singles Chart. In 1957 she participated in the UK qualifying heat for the Eurovision Song Contest. In addition to being briefly married to fellow singer Terry Dene, Savage married three more times.
She died at the age of 64
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# Bill Badger and the Pirates
***Bill Badger and the Pirates*** is a children\'s novel with a canal-side setting, written and illustrated in 1960 by the prolific author Denys Watkins-Pitchford, who wrote under the pen name \"BB\".
The plot revolves around the release from prison of Bill Badger\'s sworn enemy, the cat Napoleon, and his attempt to capture Bill\'s barge, *Wandering Wind*. The novel blends a stirring story with deeper moral issues.
*Bill Badger and the Pirates* is the third in the Bill Badger series, which ran to eight books over a decade from the first in 1957 (*Wandering Wind*, reprinted as *Bill Badger and the Wandering Wind)*. The final in the series was *Bill Badger and the Voyage to the World\'s End* of 1969.
## Adaptation
In 1970, the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation adapted *Bill Badger and the Pirates* into an 18-part marionette children\'s television programme entitled *Dominik Dachs und die Katzenpiraten*, in Swiss German. It was rebroadcast in March 2012
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# Anthony Whelan
**Anthony Gerard Whelan** (born 23 November 1959) is an Irish former soccer player who played during the 1970s and 1980s.
He made his League of Ireland debut for Bohemians on 9 September 1979 and made 25 league appearances (4 goals) and two appearances for Bohs in European competition before transferring to Manchester United in August 1980 for £30,000. After making just one appearance for Manchester United as a substitute for Kevin Moran, he moved to America.
Anto then returned home to sign for Shamrock Rovers in 1983 and won the League in his first season at the club. After a spell at Cork City, he briefly signed back with the Rovers in 1986, where he played once in the European Cup. He made a total of 44 appearances for the Hoops.
He then moved on to Bray Wanderers.
He signed for Shelbourne in 1988, and won the League in 1992 and the 1993 FAI Cup. He won a League title under Dermot Keely at Dundalk in 1994--95, before returning to the Carlisle Grounds to finish his career at Bray Wanderers in the late 1990s.
He had a spell as player/manager at Drogheda United where he guided the club back to the Premier Division in the 1996--97 League of Ireland season.
He earned one cap for the Republic of Ireland U21 side
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# APA International Air
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APA International Air
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# Salmis
A **salmis** `{{IPA|fr|sal.mi|}}`{=mediawiki} is a preparation from classical French cooking. When a roast or sautéed piece of meat is sliced and reheated in sauce, the result is a salmis.
Typical salmis preparations involve roasted game birds such as squab or duck. In these preparations it is typical to enrich de-fatted roast drippings or reduced game stock with wine, cognac or brandy, and a small amount of puréed liver or foie gras, resulting in a rather muddy sauce. Slices of rare roasted duck or squab breast are napped in the sauce and reheated, though not long enough to boil the sauce or further cook the meat, which would render it overdone (i.e., medium or \"well done\"). These preparations tend toward the luxurious, often containing rare or expensive game meats and ingredients like truffles and foie gras
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# KNEK-FM
**KNEK-FM** (104.7 MHz, \"Magic 104.7 KNEK\") is an American radio station playing an urban adult contemporary format in the Lafayette metropolitan area. It broadcasts under ownership of Cumulus Media. Its studios are located on Galbert Road in Lafayette, Louisiana, and its transmitter is located south of Opelousas, Louisiana.
The station used to be owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In 2007, Citadel transferred 11 of its radio stations (including KNEK-FM) to The Last Bastion Station Trust, LLC upon merger of many ABC Radio stations. However, in January 2008, Last Bastion Station Trust transferred KNEK-FM back to Citadel Broadcasting, effectively placing it back into the Lafayette cluster. In exchange for KNEK-FM, the trust received KRDJ. Citadel merged with Cumulus Media on September 16, 2011.
KNEK-FM simulcasted their programing on AM 1190 KNEK until it left the air in May 2023 due to transmitter issues. Cumulus Media would surrender the KNEK AM license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in March 2024
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# John Lees (inventor)
**John Lees** of Turf Lane, Royton, Lancashire was an English inventor who made a substantial improvement to machinery for carding cotton.
He improved the carding machine in 1772 by adding a feeder to it in the form of a perpetually revolving cloth on which cotton wool was spread to convey the wool to the cylinder. On 25 June 1785, he proved this in the course of the trial concerning the validity of Richard Arkwright\'s second patent (dated 1775) for his cotton-spinning water frame.
He was one of the carding mill owners sued by Arkwright in 1781, having built a cotton mill at Fowleach at Greenacres Moor, in Oldham. He began by working a horsemill-powered cotton mill in 1776-78 but \"raised himself from the extremest drudgery of the spinning room to the position of one of the most opulent inhabitants\" of Oldham, with a mill and stock insured for over £2,000 in 1795.
John Lees was a Quaker and was the father of James Lees
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# Neolentinus lepideus
***Neolentinus lepideus*** is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus *Neolentinus*, until recently also widely known as ***Lentinus lepideus***. Common names for it include **scaly sawgill**, **scaly lentinus** and **train wrecker**.
## Description
*Neolentinus lepideus* fruit bodies are tough, fleshy, agarics of variable size. The cap is at first convex and flattens with maturity while the margin remains enrolled. The cap may grow up to about 13 cm, while the stem grows to 12 cm in height. The white, cream to pale-brown cap cuticle is distinctively covered with concentrically arranged dark scales which become denser towards the depressed cap centre.
The gills are white and their attachment to the stem is adnate to subdecurrent or decurrent. The gills and stipe can become dark reddish with age. The white stem is covered in dark scales in the region below the white ring. The odor is somewhat like anise, and the taste is indiscernible. The flesh is tough, increasingly so with maturity.
The spore print is white and the spores are cylindrical in shape. The spore dimensions are 8--12.5 by 3.5--5 μm.
### Similar species {#similar_species}
*Neolentinus ponderosus* is similar but has no partial veil, and thus no ring. *Pleurotus levis* grows on hardwoods, with a more fuzzy cap lacking scales.
## Habitat and distribution {#habitat_and_distribution}
The fruiting bodies of *Neolentinus lepideus* are found singly or in tufts emerging from dead and decaying coniferous wood, favouring pines (*Pinus*) including old stumps, logs, and timber. It may also be found in gardens, on man-made wooden structures such as old railroad ties, and in such unusual places as coal mines. Less frequently, it is also found on non-coniferous hardwood. Its fruiting season is spring to autumn and it is common in Europe and North America. In the latter, it appears from May to November (slightly shorter in the west). There have also been multiple reports of its occurrence in the Western Cape, South Africa.
## Ecology
*Neolentinus lepideus* has a saprotrophic mode of nutrition and is an important woodland decomposer and a cause of wet rot in building materials. The fungus has shown tolerance of wood treated with creosote and other preservatives, and has been used in experiments to evaluate the efficacy of treatment methods.
## Edibility
Some authors consider the species edible, especially when young, but it requires cooking to soften. While there have been no recorded poisonings, the fungus may come in contact with hazardous chemicals because its fruiting bodies tend to grow on human-made wooden structures, such as wooden railroad ties smeared with creosote
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# Amusement Park (50 Cent song)
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{{singlechart|Billboardbubbling100|21|artist=50 Cent|access-date=December 23, 2023|rowheader=true}}
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Amusement Park (50 Cent song)
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# C'mon Everybody
\"**C\'mon Everybody**\" is a 1958 song by Eddie Cochran and Jerry Capehart, originally released as a B-side.
## Background
When Cochran recorded his lead vocal for the song, he also created an alternate version of the song called \"Let\'s Get Together\". The only change to the lyrics was exactly that: the phrase *\"Let\'s get together\"* in place of *\"C\'mon everybody\".* This alternate version was eventually released on a compilation album in the 1960s.
## Personnel
- Eddie Cochran`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}vocal, guitar and drum overdub
- Connie \'Guybo\' Smith`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}electric bass
- Earl Palmer`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}drums
- Ray Johnson`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}piano
- Jerry Capehart`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}tambourine
## Chart performance {#chart_performance}
In 1959 it peaked in the UK (where Cochran had major success and where he died in 1960) at number six in the singles chart, and, thirty years later, in 1988, the track was re-issued there and became a number 14 hit. In the United States the song got to number 35 on the *Billboard* Hot 100.
+------------------------+----------+
| Chart (1958/59) | Peak\ |
| | position |
+:=======================+:========:+
| Canadian Singles Chart | 39 |
+------------------------+----------+
| Flanders Singles Chart | 20 |
+------------------------+----------+
| UK Singles Chart | 6 |
+------------------------+----------+
| | |
+------------------------+----------+
+---------------------+----------+
| Chart (1988) | Peak\ |
| | position |
+:====================+:========:+
| Irish Singles Chart | 7 |
+---------------------+----------+
| UK Singles Chart | 14 |
+---------------------+----------+
## Legacy
Sex Pistols (with Sid Vicious, not John Lydon on lead vocals) covered the song for their soundtrack The Great Rock \'n\' Roll Swindle in 1979. This was also released as a single, peaking at number three in the UK Singles Chart. The song is one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 500. \"C\'mon Everybody\" is ranked number 403 on the *Rolling Stone* magazine\'s list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. It was also used by Levi Strauss & Co. to promote their 501 jeans line in 1988. The song was re-released as a promotional single that year. The Hershey Company used Cochran\'s version in a 2021 promotional advertisement for Hershey\'s chocolate.
English rock band Humble Pie covered the song for their 1972 album *Smokin\'*, which had a heavier distorted tone and featured original guitar licks and a guitar solo incorporated by the band. Led Zeppelin regularly played the song live, though did not record it on any album.
English rock band UFO covered the song for their 1970 debut album *UFO 1*
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# 79th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The **79th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry** was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
## Army of Kentucky and Army of the Ohio {#army_of_kentucky_and_army_of_the_ohio}
The 79th Illinois Infantry was organized at Mattoon, Illinois and mustered into Federal service on August 28, 1862. The regiment was first ordered to Louisville, Kentucky and attached to the 3rd Brigade of Cruft\'s Division as part of the Army of Kentucky. On Steptember 13 the regiment was transferred to the 4th Brigade, 2nd Division in the III Corps of the Army of the Ohio under Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell.
On October 1, 1862 the regiment was transferred to the 5th Brigade, 2nd Division in the I Corps of the Army of the Ohio under the command of Maj. Gen. Alexander M. McCook. The unit participated in the Pursuit of Gen. Braxton Bragg and his Army of Mississippi into Kentucky and the Battle of Perryville on October 8. During the battle, the regiment, as part of the Union left flank, was attacked by a Confederate division was forced to fall back. When additional Confederate divisions joined the fray, the Union line made a stubborn stand, counterattacked, but finally fell back with some units routed.
## Army of the Cumberland {#army_of_the_cumberland}
### XIV Corps {#xiv_corps}
In November 1862 the regiment was part of the reorganization of the Army of the Ohio into the XIV Corps of the Army of the Cumberland under Gen. William Rosecrans and was transferred to the 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, Right Wing under Brig. Gen. Richard W. Johnson. The regiment participated in the Battle of Stones River from December 31, 1862 -- January 2, 1863. The regiment, as part right flank of the army, was overrun in a surprise attack at dawn on December 31, with the 2nd division overall suffering over 50% casualties. Colonel Sheridan P. Read, the regimental commander of the 79th Illinois, as well as Brig. Gen. Edward N. Kirk, the commander of the 2nd Brigade, were both killed during the battle.
### XX Corps {#xx_corps}
#### Tullahoma Campaign {#tullahoma_campaign}
Following the severe losses at Stones River, the XIV Corps was reorganized into the XX Corps (also known as \"McCook\'s Corps\" after its commander) of the Army of the Cumberland in January 1863. The regiment participated in the Tullahoma Campaign from June 24 -- July 3, and later fought in the bloody Battle of Chickamauga from September 18 to September 20 where the XX Corps suffered horrendous casualties.
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# 79th Illinois Infantry Regiment
## Army of the Cumberland {#army_of_the_cumberland}
### IV Corps {#iv_corps}
#### Chattanooga Campaign {#chattanooga_campaign}
Following the battle, on October 10, 1863, the XX Corps was consolidated with the XXI Corps into the IV Corps of the Army of the Cumberland, under Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger. The 79th Illinois was transferred to the 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, under Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, where it served for the remainder of the war. The regiment participated in the Chattanooga Campaign from September 21 -- November 25. On November 25, 1863, during the Battle of Missionary Ridge, the 2nd division served with distinction when it broke through Confederate lines at Missionary Ridge in an unordered charge on a seemingly impregnable Confederate position, leading to a rout of one of the Confederacy\'s two major armies.
#### Knoxville Campaign {#knoxville_campaign}
As part of a column under the command of Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, the IV Corps participated in the Relief of Knoxville from November 28 -- December 7, 1863. The IV Corps remained in Knoxville to reinforce Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside before rejoining the Army of the Cumberland in spring 1864 for the Atlanta Campaign under the command of Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard.
#### Atlanta Campaign {#atlanta_campaign}
The 79th Illinois participated in the Atlanta Campaign from May 7 -- July 17, 1864 as part of the 2nd division under the command of Brig. Gen. John Newton. The regiment took part in the battles of Rocky Face Ridge from May 7--13, Resaca from May 13 -- 15, and Kennesaw Mountain on June 27. During the Battle of Peachtree Creek on July 20, the entire left flank of the Union position was held by the 2nd division alone, which successfully repelled an entire Corps, inflicting heavy losses. The regiment continued to support the Siege of Atlanta until August 31 when, under command of Maj. Gen. David S. Stanley, the IV Corps participated in a frontal assault in the Battle of Jonesborough which breached the Confederate defenses, leading to the capture of Atlanta on September 2, 1864.
#### Franklin-Nashville Campaign {#franklin_nashville_campaign}
In autumn 1864, the 79th Illinois participated in the Franklin-Nashville Campaign, with the 2nd division under the command of Brig. Gen. George D. Wagner, taking part in the Battle of Spring Hill on November 29. During the Battle of Franklin on November 30, the 2nd and 3rd brigades were poorly positioned forward of the main Union lines and overrun in the initial attack, leading to the capture of nearly 700 men from the two brigades. The regiment also took part in the Battle of Nashville on December 15--16, 1864, which effectively destroyed the Army of Tennessee as a fighting force, pursuing them to the Tennessee River on December 25.
### 1865 and Discharge {#and_discharge}
Following the Franklin-Nashville Campaign, the 79th Illinois was stationed at Decatur, Alabama from January 6 - March 30, 1865, followed by Nashville, Tennessee from April 22 - June 12. The regiment was mustered out on June 12, 1865, and discharged at Camp Butler, Illinois, on June 21, 1865.
## Total strength and casualties {#total_strength_and_casualties}
The regiment suffered 4 officers and 81 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 211 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 297 fatalities.
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# 79th Illinois Infantry Regiment
## Commanders
- Colonel Lyman Guinnip - Resigned October 17, 1862.
- Colonel Sheridan P. Read - Killed in action at the Battle of Stone\'s River December 31, 1862.
- Colonel Allen Buckner - Mustered out with the regiment
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# Dunswell
**Dunswell** is a village in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, and in the civil parish of Woodmansey.
Historically also known as **Beer-Houses** due to the presence of two Inns in close proximity, the village is located on the main Kingston upon Hull to Beverley road. A significant drinking water extraction works was opened in 1931 west of the village, helping to supplying Hull and the surrounding area.
## Geography
Dunswell is situated at the junction of Dunswell Lane and A1174 road Hull to Beverley road approximately 4 and from the centres of Kingston upon Hull and Beverley respectively. It is approximately 440 yd west of the River Hull; the Beverley and Barmston Drain also runs north--south, adjacent to the west of the village.
The village has a hall, *Dunswell Village Institute*; and a primary school *Dunswell Primary*, since 2014 *Dunswell Academy*.
The Ship Inn is located at the junction of the main road and Ings Lane leading to Skidby Landing on the River Hull.{{#tag:ref\|There was once a ferry across the Hull at Dunswell (1913).\|group=\"note\"}}
Hull Livestock Market, the last remaining livestock market in East Riding of Yorkshire, has been located in the village since 2002.
## Governance
The village is in the Beverley and Holderness parliamentary constituency.
## History
According to Charles Overton, Dunswell was once known as *Douceville*, a reference to its many springs and wells. At one time it was also known as **Beer-Houses** due to the two public houses in close vicinity. The two pubs in the village, The Coach and Horses (aka The Plough) and The Wagon and Horses,{{#tag:ref\|Replaced with houses. demolished in the early 20th century,\|group=\"note\"}} are thought to originate from the 17th century. The Hull to Beverley road was turn-piked in 1741.
The Saint John in Beverley and Skidby, Yorkshire (Drainage) Act 1785 (25 Geo. 3. c. 92) allowed the construction of the Beverley and Skidby Drain, and the Beverley and Barmston Drain allowed by the East Riding Drainage Act 1798 (38 Geo. 3. c. lxiii). In 1880 improvements to the lower reaches of the drainage system enabled further extraction, and a steam engine for drainage was installed at Dunswell for the Skidby Drain. The drainage of the land reduced flooding, but caused some local wells to become dry.
In around 1814 a non-conformist chapel (\"Bethel\") was built in the village for the Methodist New Connexion branch. In the 1850s the village consisted of two Inns on the Hull and Beverley road, with the village west along Dunswell Lane, with fewer than twenty houses. The village school opened in 1881.
In 1893 the Newington Water Company gained authorisation to open a water supply works at Dunswell to replace a source at Swanland that had become contaminated by salt. The company was taken over by the Hull Corporation shortly after. In 1911 permission was given for additional water works at Dunswell, and after being halted by the First World War, they were restarted in 1923 on a larger scale -- the water pumping station was opened in 1931.{{#tag:ref\|The main pumping station building was a white concrete structure resembling an Egyptian temple. (see Egyptian Revival architecture.) The above ground building was demolished in 1987.\|group=\"note\"}} The works included a 16 ft diameter well, with 5200 ft of adits. The works was one of the three main water supplies for the area, along with Springhead Pumping Station and Mill Dam in Cottingham. The adit system was expanded in the early 1950s to meet demand from the borough of Beverley but the works did not yield an increase in supply.
St Faiths Church of England church opened in 1951; the non-conformist chapel held its last service in 1968.
Low level housing development took place in the second half of the 20th century, with houses on Ings Lane, and houses and new cul-de-sac streets south of the Dunwell Lane/Beverley Road junction (The Meadows, Dene Close). In 1985 the village became part of the civil parish of Woodmansey.
In 2013 Dunswell primary school was listed for closure by East Riding of Yorkshire Council; the closure, which was opposed by many nearby residents was averted by transferring to academy status, as a subsidiary of the primary school in Swanland
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# Flowering tea
**Flowering tea** or **blooming tea** (`{{zh|c=香片, 工艺茶, or 开花茶}}`{=mediawiki}) consists of a bundle of dried tea leaves wrapped around one or more dried flowers. These are made by binding tea leaves and flowers together into a bulb, then setting them to dry. When steeped, the bundle expands and unfurls in a process that emulates a blooming flower, and the flowers inside emerge as the centerpiece. Typically they are sourced from the Yunnan province of China. Flowers commonly used in flowering teas include globe amaranth, chrysanthemum, jasmine, lily, hibiscus, and osmanthus.
Flowering tea in its current form was developed in China in the 1980s, and first became popular in Western countries in the early 2000s. Some sources state that the general concept of bundled tea leaves is several centuries old.
Flowering tea is generally served in containers made of glass or similar transparent materials so that the flowering effect can be seen. The bundles can usually be reused two or three times without the tea becoming bitter
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# James Paul Lewis Jr.
**James \"Jim\" Paul Lewis Jr.** operated one of the largest and longest running Ponzi schemes in United States history.
Over approx. 20 years, Lewis collected around \$311 million U.S. dollars from investors. He operated under the name of Financial Advisory Consultants in Lake Forest, Calif., and promised high returns. Lewis said that he was investing the money, and he even made dividend and withdrawal payments so that the scam could continue, but was instead using it to finance his own high lifestyle of fancy cars, big homes, and girlfriends.
The ploy Lewis was running was a classic \"Ponzi scheme\"; in this scheme, new investors contribute funds that get redistributed to earlier investors (including Lewis himself). As long as new investors keep contributing, earlier ones keep getting a return on their investment and the fraud continues. But eventually, new investors stop contributing and the whole pyramid collapses, with the later contributors getting nothing in return for their investment.
As is the case with many Ponzi schemes, Lewis relied on trust and word of mouth to help build his scheme. Many of Lewis\' victims were members of churches and church-related groups, of which Lewis was reportedly a member.
In 2003, investors became suspicious when Lewis stopped paying dividends. He claimed that the Dept. of Homeland Security had frozen the funds, and this bought him some time, but eventually the FBI was after him. After a manhunt, Jim Lewis was arrested in Houston, Texas in 2004. He was brought back to California, and in 2006 was convicted and sentenced to 30 years in prison by a federal judge. Lewis was 60 years old. U.S. District Judge Cormac Carney also ordered him to pay \$156 million in restitution. In imposing the statutory maximum of 30 years, Judge Carney described the scheme as a \"crime against humanity\" because of the harm to many elderly victims, some of whom now face a bleak future in the final years of their lives because of their having been made destitute at the hands of Mr. Lewis.
The court appointed receiver, Robb Evans, has since recovered only \$11 million. Lewis has since filed an appeal but to no avail
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# Oxygen enhancement ratio
The **oxygen enhancement ratio** (OER) or **oxygen enhancement effect** in radiobiology refers to the enhancement of therapeutic or detrimental effect of ionizing radiation due to the presence of oxygen. This so-called oxygen effect is most notable when cells are exposed to an ionizing radiation dose.
The OER is traditionally defined as the ratio of radiation doses during lack of oxygen compared to no lack of oxygen for the same biological effect. This may give varying numerical values depending on the chosen biological effect. Additionally, OER may be presented in terms of hyperoxic environments and/or with altered oxygen baseline, complicating the significance of this value.
$$OER = \frac{Radiation\, dose\, in\, hypoxia} {Radiation\, dose\, in\, air}$$
The maximum OER depends mainly on the ionizing density or LET of the radiation. Radiation with higher LET and higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE) have a lower OER in mammalian cell tissues. The value of the maximum OER varies from about 1--4. The maximum OER ranges from about 2--4 for low-LET radiations such as X-rays, beta particles and gamma rays, whereas the OER is unity for high-LET radiations such as low energy alpha particles.
## Uses in medicine {#uses_in_medicine}
The effect is used in medical physics to increase the effect of radiation therapy in oncology treatments. Additional oxygen abundance creates additional free radicals and increases the damage to the target tissue.
In solid tumors the inner parts become less oxygenated than normal tissue and up to three times higher dose is needed to achieve the same tumor control probability as in tissue with normal oxygenation.
## Explanation of the Oxygen Effect {#explanation_of_the_oxygen_effect}
The best known explanation of the oxygen effect is the oxygen fixation hypothesis which postulates that oxygen permanently fixes radical-induced DNA damage so it becomes permanent. Recently, it has been posited that the oxygen effect involves radiation exposures of cells causing their mitochondria to produce greater amounts of reactive oxygen species
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# Hy's law
**Hy\'s law** is a rule of thumb that a patient is at high risk of a fatal drug-induced liver injury if given a medication that causes hepatocellular injury (not Hepatobiliary injury) with jaundice. The law is based on observations by Hy Zimmerman, a major scholar of drug-induced liver injury. Some have suggested the principle be called a hypothesis or observation.
Hy\'s Law cases have three components:
- The drug causes hepatocellular injury, generally defined as an elevated ALT or AST by 3-fold or greater above the upper limit of normal. Often with aminotransferases much greater (5-10x) than the upper limit of normal.
- Among subjects showing such aminotransferase elevations, they also have elevation of their serum total bilirubin of greater than 2× the upper limit of normal, without findings of cholestasis (defined as serum alkaline phosphatase activity less than 2× the upper limit of normal).
- No other reason can be found to explain the combination of increased aminotransferase and serum total bilirubin, such as viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, ischemia, preexisting liver disease, or another drug capable of causing the observed injury.
In Zimmerman\'s analysis of 116 patients with hepatocellular injury and jaundice due to drug exposure, 76% went on to either require a liver transplant or died. Other studies have reported a lower but still significant mortality of 10%
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# Allegheny Rugby Union
The **Allegheny Rugby Union** is a non-profit corporation whose objective is to promote, serve, and manage the game of rugby union in the greater Pittsburgh area. The Allegheny area is the region described as Western Pennsylvania, Western New York, Northern West Virginia and Eastern Ohio bordering Pennsylvania in the United States of America. The Allegheny Rugby Union is a member of the Midwest Rugby Football Union (MRFU) and USA Rugby.
## Senior Club {#senior_club}
### Men\'s Club {#mens_club}
**Senior Division I**
- Pittsburgh Forge RFC
**Senior Division II**
- Pittsburgh Forge RFC
**Senior Division III**
- Greensburg Maulers RFC
- Pittsburgh Forge RFC
- Presque Isle Scalawags RFC (Erie, PA)
- South Pittsburgh Hooligans Rugby Club
### Women\'s Club {#womens_club}
**Senior Division I/II**
- Buffalo WRFC
- North Buffalo WRFC
- Pittsburgh Forge WRFC
- South Buffalo WRFC
## Men\'s College {#mens_college}
Following the bankruptcy of USA Rugby in the spring of 2020, and the rebranding of the National Small College Rugby Organization (NSCRO) as National Collegiate Rugby (NCR), the Allegheny Rugby Union undertook a massive expansion returning Men\'s collegiate rugby to the conference. In spring 2020, the ARU announced the re-launch of its D1/D2 Men\'s Collegiate Conference. Shortly after that it announced a new Small College Conference under the auspices of the ARU. The creation of a small college conference greatly expanded the reach of the Union as it added teams from as far west as Indiana, Kentucky, and Michigan, outside the traditional footprint of the ARU.
Currently it has five members in the D1/D2 conference and 26 members in the small college conference. The first full season of competitive play for both conferences began in fall 2021.
**Men\'s College Division I/II**
- Alderson Broaddus University
- Kent State University
- Indiana University of Pennsylvania
- West Virginia University
- Wheeling University
**Men\'s Small College Conference**
- Akron University
- Ashland University
- Baldwin Wallace University
- Bellarmine University
- California University of Pennsylvania
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cedarville University
- Clarion University of Pennsylvania
- Denison University
- Earlham College
- Franciscan University of Steubenville
- Gannon University
- Hillsdale University
- John Carroll University
- Kenyon College
- Malone University
- Oberlin College
- Ohio Northern University
- Ohio Wesleyan University
- Rio Grande University (OH)
- Robert Morris University
- Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania
- Taylor University
- Tiffin University
- Wabash College
- Wittenberg University
## Women\'s College {#womens_college}
**Women\'s College Division II**
- Indiana University of Pennsylvania WRFC
- Kent State University WRFC
- Notre Dame College WRFC
- University of Pittsburgh WRFC
- West Virginia University WRFC
- Youngstown State University WRFC
**Women\'s College NSCRO**
- California University of Pennsylvania WRFC
- Clarion University WRFC
- Fairmont State University WRFC
- Gannon University WRFC
- Robert Morris University WRFC
- St
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# WBLW
**WBLW** (88.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a religious format. Licensed to Gaylord, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 2000
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# National Board of Review Awards 1963
**35th National Board of Review Awards**\
December 22, 1963
--
--
The **35th National Board of Review Awards** were announced on December 22, 1963.
## Top ten films {#top_ten_films}
1. *Tom Jones*
2. *Lilies of the Field*
3. *All the Way Home*
4. *Hud*
5. *This Sporting Life*
6. *Lord of the Flies*
7. *The L-Shaped Room*
8. *The Great Escape*
9. *How the West Was Won*
10. *The Cardinal*
## Top foreign films {#top_foreign_films}
1. *8½*
2. *The Four Days of Naples*
3. *Winter Light*
4. *The Leopard*
5. *Any Number Can Win*
## Winners
- Best Film: *Tom Jones*
- Best Foreign Film: *8½*
- Best Actor: Rex Harrison (*Cleopatra*)
- Best Actress: Patricia Neal (*Hud*)
- Best Supporting Actor: Melvyn Douglas (*Hud*)
- Best Supporting Actress: Margaret Rutherford (*The V.I.P
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# José Ángel Ziganda
**José Ángel** \"**Cuco**\" **Ziganda Lakunza** (born 1 October 1966) is a Spanish football manager and former player who played as a centre-forward.
He played 381 La Liga matches over the course of 12 seasons (111 goals scored), representing Osasuna and Athletic Bilbao.
Ziganda started working as manager in 2005, and eventually coached both clubs.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
Ziganda was born in Larraintzar, Navarre. A product of CA Osasuna\'s youth ranks, he first appeared for his hometown\'s first team on 13 December 1987, in a 0--0 home draw against CE Sabadell FC. An undisputed starter through 1989 to 1991, he scored 11 La Liga goals apiece over those seasons, thus attracting attention from neighbours Athletic Bilbao.
At Athletic since the start of 1991--92, Ziganda netted 17 times in three separate campaigns, most notably a hat-trick at Albacete Balompié on 26 May 1993 in a 5--4 win. The Basque side achieved a fifth place in 1994.
Ousted from Bilbao due to the emergence of Ismael Urzaiz, Ziganda returned to Osasuna in 1998, helping the club to achieve promotion in 2000 and retiring after another top-flight season. For his career, he scored 111 top-flight goals, 19 in the Segunda División, nine in the UEFA Cup and six in the Copa del Rey.
Ziganda played two games for the Spain national team, his first cap consisting of four minutes in a 2--0 friendly loss against Romania in Cáceres, on 17 April 1991.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
Ziganda managed several of Osasuna\'s youth teams, including the reserves in 2005--06 and, after Mexican Javier Aguirre (also a former club player) left Pamplona for Atlético Madrid, he became the head coach of the main squad.
In that first season, with the team having already been eliminated in the third qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League, they experienced several league setbacks. However, the domestic situation gradually became better and they also reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup, establishing a new club record. In the following campaign, a 17th-place finish befell.
On 13 October 2008, as Osasuna failed to win a single game from six into the new season, scoring just two goals, Ziganda was sacked, being replaced by José Antonio Camacho. In early July 2009, he became Xerez CD\'s new manager after the Andalusians had just attained a first-ever promotion to the top tier, replacing Hércules CF-bound Esteban Vigo and signing a one-year contract. On 12 January 2010, as the team ranked last with just seven points from 17 matches, he was relieved of his duties.
In July 2011, former Athletic Bilbao teammate Josu Urrutia was elected as president of the club, and one of his first acts was to bring in Ziganda (who had been out of work for 18 months) as coach of the reserves. He managed to lead them to promotion in 2015 via the play-offs, returning to the second division after a 19-year absence.
Ziganda\'s side was eventually relegated at the first attempt, after finishing 22nd and last. During his stint, several players made the step up to the main squad, including Yeray Álvarez, Kepa Arrizabalaga, Iñigo Lekue, Unai López, Sabin Merino, Enric Saborit, Mikel Vesga and Iñaki Williams.
On 24 May 2017, it was confirmed that Ziganda would succeed the departing Ernesto Valverde as Athletic\'s first-team manager, on an initial two-year contract. On 29 November, he oversaw a shock defeat to SD Formentera -- a club experiencing their first-ever season in the third tier -- in the opening round of the domestic cup, conceding the critical goal in stoppage time at the end of the second leg when a goalless draw would have been sufficient to progress.
In May 2018, with the side in 14th position in the league table (although not threatened by relegation) and having lost both legs of their Europa League last-16 tie to Olympique de Marseille, the club announced via a press conference that Ziganda would not continue in his position beyond the end of the campaign. The final total of ten league wins and 16th place in the table represented one of the poorest domestic seasons in the history of the organization.
On 18 February 2020, Ziganda was hired at Real Oviedo for the rest of the second-division season, with the option of a further year. He succeeded Javi Rozada, who was dismissed with the Asturians in the relegation zone.
On 8 June 2022, Ziganda announced his departure from Oviedo in a press conference, after his contract expired. Five days later, he took over fellow second-tier side SD Huesca.
Ziganda was dismissed on 7 October 2023, after starting the season with only one win in ten matches
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# James Calvin Tillman
**James Calvin Tillman** is a man who was wrongfully convicted of rape, and served 18.5 years in prison before being exonerated by DNA testing on July 11, 2006. Tillman, of East Hartford Connecticut, was convicted of kidnapping in the first degree, sexual assault in the first degree, robbery and assault in the third degree in 1989, and freed in 2007.
## Crime
Tillman, a black man, was wrongfully convicted for an attack on a white woman in Hartford, Connecticut that occurred on January 22, 1988. The victim entered her car in an outdoor parking lot at approximately 12:45 A.M. after leaving a bar. Her attacker opened the driver\'s side door of her car and raped her.
## Judicial appeal {#judicial_appeal}
Tillman appealed the conviction in the Supreme Court of Connecticut in 1991 (220 Conn. 487, 600 A.2d 738). The Supreme Court upheld the conviction finding that the jury array was not unconstitutionally assembled, alleged errors in jury instruction did not warrant a new trial and certain field notes were not improperly excluded from evidence.
Tillman argued that the jury selection was improper because court clerks had excused a number of potential jurors due to financial hardship. He claimed that the minority candidates were more likely to face this hardship and that this contributed to the fact that there were no African American males on his jury. The court noted that in a murder trial that drew from the same array there were three black persons chosen to serve.
Tillman also raised several issues regarding instructions to the jury. When considering the victim\'s testimony he had requested that the jury be told that they \"may consider\...whether the witness was physically impaired or under stress when observing the perpetrator.\" The jury might have found the victim to have been impaired because she had been drinking and because she had a large cut over her eye that required seven stitches and eventually closed the eye completely. The court instead instructed the jury that it could assess the victim\'s \"ability to observe facts correctly\...degree of stress\...and opportunity to observe the person.\" In addition he challenged the court\'s decision not to limit his own contradictory statement to a police detective. The detective testified that he asked Tillman how he got some cuts and bruises on the major knuckles of his hands. The defendant originally said that he was not sure but later said that he did not get them from \"punching no girl\". The detective had not told Tillman that the victim had been punched; however he had shown him a picture of the girl after her attack from which he could reasonably deduce that fact. Tillman was not allowed to raise this point on appeal.
The final argument in Tillman\'s appeal was that the court had improperly excluded a notebook containing field notes from a police department social worker. The notes did not pass proper evidentiary requirements. Within the notes was a statement from the lead detective on the case indicating that fingerprints not matching Tillman\'s were found on the driver\'s side door of the vehicle, where the perpetrator had entered. The finding was reported in court as being fingerprints on the passenger side door.
## Verdict upheld {#verdict_upheld}
Tillman\'s verdict was affirmed in 1991 and again in 1999 when he claimed ineffective assistance of counsel before the Appellate Court of Connecticut (54 Conn.App. 749, 738 A.2d 208). The main holding in that case was that counsel did not have to press every conceivable argument during a case but should focus on a few strong arguments.
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# James Calvin Tillman
## Exoneration
In 2007 DNA testing organized by the Innocence Project was performed on semen found on the victim\'s pantyhose. After excluding the DNA of the victim\'s husband, the study found five different samples of DNA, all identified as coming from the same unknown individual and inconsistent with Tillman\'s DNA, leading to his exoneration and release 18 years into the 45-year sentence.
## Aftermath
James Tillman worked as a clerk at the Capitol Region Education Council (CREC), mentors at-risk children and has served in ministry for the Hopewell Baptist Church. The Governor of Connecticut offered him \$500,000 in compensation for his wrongful incarceration. Several members of the state legislature introduced a bill to provide Tillman with total compensation of \$5,000,000 for the 18.5 years that he wrongfully spent in jail.
On May 16, 2007, the Connecticut legislature unanimously voted to present Tillman with \$5 million to assist him in living comfortably following his wrongful imprisonment. The legislature stated that they were touched by his attitude following his release
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# Madison Academy (Tennessee)
**Madison Academy** is a Seventh-day Adventist academy located in Madison, Tennessee. It is a part of the Seventh-day Adventist education system, the world\'s second largest Christian school system
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# Goodnight My Love (1936 song)
*For other songs with this title, see Goodnight My Love (disambiguation)*
\"**Goodnight My Love**\" is a popular song with music by Harry Revel and lyrics by Mack Gordon, published in 1936. It was incorporated in the 1936 movie *Stowaway*, where it is sung first by Shirley Temple and later by Alice Faye. Temple also sings part of the song as part of a medley in her 1938 film *Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm*.
Popular recordings in 1937 were by Benny Goodman (vocal by Ella Fitzgerald), Shep Fields and Hal Kemp (vocal by Bob Allen).
## Selected other recordings {#selected_other_recordings}
- Andy Russell - for the 78rpm album *Love Notes from Andy Russell* (1947).
- Sarah Vaughan recorded the song for her album *Sarah Vaughan in Hi-Fi* (1955)
- Tina Louise recorded it for her one and only album, 1957\'s *It\'s Time for Tina*.
- Petula Clark also recorded it in 1957 for her debut studio album, *You Are My Lucky Star*.
- Dean Martin -- for his album *Sleep Warm* (1959)
- Johnny Mathis -- included in his album *Johnny\'s Mood* (1960)
- Ella Fitzgerald recorded it on her Capitol 1968 release, *30 by Ella*
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# 80th Illinois Infantry Regiment
The **80th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment** was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War. The regiment was composed of ten companies that drew primarily from eight southern Illinois counties. Over the course of the war the regiment traveled approximately 6,000 miles, and was in over 20 battles.
## History
### Organization and early service {#organization_and_early_service}
In the summer of 1862 President Lincoln issued calls for more volunteers in the war effort. In July he requested 300,000 men for three years of service, and the next month, on 4 August 1862, he issued a call for 300,000 more men for nine months of service. In part as a patriotic response to these calls, the 80th Illinois Infantry was organized by Colonel Thomas G. Allen at Centralia, Illinois and mustered into service on 25 August 1862.
Company Primary County of Recruitment Earliest Captain
--------- ------------------------------- ---------------------
A Jackson and Randolph James L. Mann
B Madison George W. Carr
C St. Clair Henry Zeis
D Randolph Carter C. Williams
E Jefferson Stephen T. Stratton
F Randolph Edmund R. Jones
G Perry and Randolph Andrew Wilson
H Marion and Jefferson James Cunningham
I Washington Daniel Hay
K Madison Alexander Hodge
The regiment was ordered to Louisville on 4 September 1862, and assigned to the 33rd Brigade, Tenth Division, of the Union Army of the Ohio. Brigadier General William R. Terrill commanded the brigade, Brigadier General James S. Jackson commanded the division, and Maj. Gen. Alexander M. McCook commanded the I Corps.
### Battle of Perryville {#battle_of_perryville}
In its first principal action of the war the regiment participated in the Battle of Perryville (also known as the Battle of Chaplin Hills) and suffered extensive casualties. The group set out from Louisville on 1 October 1862 under the direction of Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell and marched in pursuit of Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg, passing through Taylorville, Bloomfield and Mackville before engaging in the Battle of Perryville on 8 October 1862. The 80th Illinois fell under the command of Brig. Gen. William R. Terrill (33rd Brigade) and Brig. Gen. James S. Jackson (10th Division). Both Terrill and Jackson were ultimately killed in the battle.
The 33rd Brigade, including the 80th Illinois, were initially charged with guarding the artillery, called Parsons\' battery, on the Open Knob, a prominent hill on the northern end of the battlefield facing the Confederate\'s right flank. After some Confederate infantry snuck up the hill undetected in the woods, Terrill ordered the 123rd Illinois to mount a bayonet charge down the hill, with the raw and outnumbered troops suffering heavy casualties. At about 3:00 p.m., the 80th Illinois were sent in as reinforcements and resulted in a brief stalemate. Eventually the group was forced to retreat to the next ridge in a disjointed manner that led to much friendly fire.
The battle was the culmination of the Confederate Heartland Offensive (Kentucky Campaign). Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg\'s Army of Mississippi arguably won a tactical victory, having fought aggressively and pushed his opponent back for over a mile. However, the battle is still considered a strategic Union victory, sometimes called the Battle for Kentucky, since Bragg withdrew to Tennessee soon thereafter. The Union retained control of the critical border state of Kentucky for the remainder of the war.
Relative to the number of troops involved, the Battle of Perryville was one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War. It was the largest battle fought in the state of Kentucky. The 80th Illinois lost 14 killed and 58 wounded, including Lieutenant Von Kemmel killed, Lieutenant Andrews mortally wounded, and Lieutenant Colonel Rodgers and Lieutenant Pace severely wounded. Eyewitness reports suggest that three days after the fight there were still dead bodies lying on the field.
### Streight\'s Raid and capture {#streights_raid_and_capture}
In the spring of 1863 the 80th Illinois took part in Streight\'s Raid in northern Alabama. The raid, led by Colonel Abel D. Streight, was intended to destroy parts of the Western and Atlantic railroad, which was supplying the Confederate Army of Tennessee. But due to poor supplies and poor planning it ended with the defeat and capture of Streight and his men at Cedar Bluff, Alabama, by Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest. Streight was additionally hindered by locals throughout his march, while pursued by Forrest, who had the advantage of home territory and the sympathy and aid of the local populace, most famously Emma Sansom.
The actual capture of the forces was achieved by a clever ruse, when Forrest paraded his much smaller force back and forth in front of Streight, convincing Streight that he was opposed by a superior force. After surrendering and being informed of the deception Streight reputedly demanded his arms back for a proper fight, a request cheerfully declined by Forrest.
In addition to arms, Forest\'s men stole the regiment\'s blankets, watches and money. The regiment was taken to Rome, Georgia, where they were paroled and then sent in coal cars to Atlanta. From here the officers were sent to Libby Prison while the enlisted men were sent, via Knoxville and Lynchburg, to Richmond, arriving on 13 May 1863. While the officers largely remained imprisoned for the remainder of the war, the enlisted men were sent to City Point before being exchanged for Confederate prisoners.
With Col. Thomas G. Allen having resigned and Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Rodgers and Major Erastus Newton Bates still being prisoners of war, the regiment received a new leader in the form of Lieutenant Herman Steincke.
### Chattanooga Campaign {#chattanooga_campaign}
In October and November 1863 the regiment took part in the Chattanooga Campaign, a series of maneuvers and battles designed to give the Union control of the state of Tennessee, including Chattanooga, known as the \"Gateway to the Lower South.\" During this campaign they were part of the 3rd Brigade (commanded by Colonel Friedrich Hecker), 3rd Division (commanded by General Carl Schurz), and the XI Corps (commanded by General Oliver O. Howard).
On 22 November, the 80th Illinois set out toward Chattanooga and arrived in the evening east of town. The next day, on 23 November, the regiment engaged with the enemy and took the first line of rifle splits as part of the XI Corps, driving on the left flank in the enemy\'s skirmishers. The 80th Illinois laid in line of battle all night. This advance was part of the Union Army of the Tennessee under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman maneuvering to launch a surprise attack against Bragg\'s right flank on Missionary Ridge. Meanwhile, on 24 November, Eastern Theater troops on the opposite side of the line under Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker defeated the Confederates in the Battle of Lookout Mountain and began a movement toward Bragg\'s left flank at Rossville.
On 25 November, Sherman\'s attack on Bragg\'s right flank, which included the 80th Illinois, made little progress. Hoping to distract Bragg\'s attention, Grant authorized Thomas\'s army to advance in the center of his line to the base of Missionary Ridge. A combination of misunderstood orders and the pressure of the tactical situation caused Thomas\'s men to surge to the top of Missionary Ridge, routing the Army of Tennessee, which retreated to Dalton, Georgia, fighting off the Union pursuit successfully at the Battle of Ringgold Gap.
Bragg\'s defeat eliminated the last Confederate control of Tennessee and opened the door to an invasion of the Deep South, leading to Sherman\'s Atlanta Campaign of 1864, of which the 80th Illinois also took part.
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# 80th Illinois Infantry Regiment
## History
### Atlanta campaign {#atlanta_campaign}
During the summer of 1864 the regiment participated in the Western Theater\'s Atlanta Campaign throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta. The campaign under the ultimate direction of Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman involved a large invading force into Georgia from the vicinity of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and was opposed by the Confederate general Joseph E. Johnston.
Johnston\'s Army of Tennessee withdrew toward Atlanta in the face of successive flanking maneuvers by Sherman\'s group of armies. In July, the Confederate president replaced Johnston with the more aggressive John Bell Hood, who began challenging the Union Army in a series of damaging frontal assaults. Hood\'s army was eventually besieged in Atlanta and the city fell on September 2, hastening the end of the war.
The 80th Illinois was heavily involved in all of the heavy battles of the Atlanta campaign and was constantly exposed to the enemy\'s fire for about three months. The 80th Illinois commenced its involvement on 3 May 1864 and participated in the battles of Dalton, Resaca, Adairsville, Cassville, Dallas, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Jonesborough and Lovejoy\'s Station. During the campaign, the Regiment captured about 150 prisoners, and lost 25 killed and 60 wounded.
### End of service {#end_of_service}
The regiment was mustered out on 10 June 1865 and proceeded to Camp Butler, Illinois, for final pay and discharge.
## Total strength and casualties {#total_strength_and_casualties}
The regiment suffered the loss of 6 officers and 52 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 160 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 218 fatalities. Only four of the captured officers ever returned to the Regiment. The remainder were held as prisoners until 1 March 1865, when they were paroled for exchange.
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# 80th Illinois Infantry Regiment
## Command history {#command_history}
---------------------- ---------------------------------
Thomas G
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# Feldolling
**Feldolling** is a village in the municipality Feldkirchen-Westerham in the district of Rosenheim, in Bavaria, Germany. It is 22 km west of Rosenheim and about 45 km south of Munich
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# Frantz Bertin
**Frantz Bertin** (born 30 May 1983) is a Haitian former professional footballer who played as a central defender.
## Club career {#club_career}
Bertin was born in Paris, France. After beginning his career with Red Star FC, he finished his formation in Italy with Juventus FC.
In 2003, Bertin moved teams and countries again, signing for Racing de Santander in Spain. During his two-year stint with the Cantabrian club, he played mainly with the reserves, but still contributed with 15 games (13 starts) in the 2004--05 season as the team narrowly avoided La Liga relegation.
Bertin continued playing in the country in the following years, with CD Tenerife in the second division and Atlético Madrid B and Benidorm CF in the third. In the 2008 summer he joined FC Luzern in the Swiss Super League, but left in the following transfer window, signing with OFI Crete in Greece.
Shortly before the end of the January transfer deadline, after an unassuming spell in Cyprus, Bertin returned to Greece, joining Veria F.C. until the end of the season. He made his Superleague debut on 23 February, in a 2--0 away win against Skoda Xanthi FC.
## International career {#international_career}
Bertin represented Haiti at the 2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup in the United States, and made his debut in the nation\'s final group stage game, a 0--2 loss against Canada. In February 2008 he played in a friendly with Venezuela, serving as warm-up for the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers against the Netherlands Antilles, which ended with a 1--0 aggregate win -- he appeared in the second leg, a 1--0 success in Willemstad -- with Haiti thus progressing to the third round.
### International goals {#international_goals}
(Haiti score listed first, score column indicates score after each Bertin goal)
No Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
----- ---------------- ------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- -------- ------------------------------
1\
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# John Doolan (footballer, born 1974)
**John Doolan** (born 7 May 1974) is an English football coach and former player.
## Club career {#club_career}
Doolan began his career as a trainee with the club he supports, Everton in 1992. He was released by Everton and joined Football League Third Division side Mansfield Town on a free transfer in September 1994. He made 151 appearances in all competitions for Mansfield in four seasons, scoring 14 goals, before joining Football League Third Division team Barnet in 1998. He signed for £60,000 and made 199 appearances in all competitions for Barnet, scoring 13 goals, in five seasons during which Barnet were relegated to the Football Conference in May 2001.
Doolan joined Football Conference side Doncaster Rovers for a nominal fee in March 2003. He made eight appearances in the remainder of the 2002--03 season as Doncaster went on to win the Conference play-off final and promotion to the Football League Third Division in May 2003. He became a regular in the first team in the 2003--04 season, making 41 league and cup appearances, scoring three goals, as Doncaster won promotion for the second successive year as Football League Third Division champions. He signed a new contract in December 2003, keeping him at Doncaster until 2005. He made 41 appearances, scoring three goals, in all competitions in the 2004--05 season as Doncaster finished in mid-table in Football League One.
Doolan joined Football League One club, Blackpool, on a one-year contract, when his contract with Doncaster expired in June 2005. He made 24 appearances for Blackpool in all competitions in the 2005--06 season, but was allowed to leave in January 2006 to join Football League Two side, Rochdale, on loan before signing a permanent contract with them ten days later. He made 18 appearances in the remainder of the 2005--06 season as Rochdale finished in mid-table. He made 44 league and cup appearances in the 2006--07 season. In the 2007--08 season he made 28 appearances as Rochdale made the play-offs, including coming on an extra-time substitute in their 2--1 play-off semi-final victory over Darlington.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
In May 2008 Doolan left Rochdale to take up a player-coach role at Conference North side Southport. He left Southport in February 2009 after an agreement with the manager Liam Watson. During his time as Southport player-coach, he was also employed as a youth coach at Everton. He remained at Everton following the end of his playing career and assisted the Everton U18 team during the 2014--15 season. He went onto coach the U16s, and holds a UEFA A Coaching License
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# 33rd Fighter Wing
The **33rd Fighter Wing**, sometimes written **33d Fighter Wing**, (**33 FW**) is a United States Air Force unit assigned to Air Education and Training Command\'s Nineteenth Air Force. It is stationed at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida where it is a tenant unit.
The 33 FW is an AETC training unit. Its main mission is to train United States Air Force and partner nation pilots and maintainers on the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II. When the wing was initially assigned the F-35 training mission on 1 October 2009 it was to include USN/USMC F-35C and USMC F-35B training as well as USAF F-35A and international partner training. Navy squadron VFA-101 was assigned to the wing to conduct F-35C training and USMC squadron VMFAT-501 to conduct F-35B training. In July 2014 VMFAT-501 was detached from the 33rd Fighter Wing and reassigned to Marine Aircraft Group 31 (MAG-31) at MCAS Beaufort, SC ending the USMC presence in the wing. In December 2017 the USN reactivated VFA-125 at NAS Lemoore, CA under Strike Fighter Wing Pacific Fleet to conduct F-35C training for the USN and USMC. On 1 July 2019 VFA-101 was deactivated ending the USN presence in the 33rd Fighter Wing.
Prior to its assignment as a training wing, while still an operational fighter wing, following the 11 September 2001 attacks, the Nomads provided armed over-watch throughout North America for Operation Noble Eagle, securing two presidents of the United States, multiple Space Shuttle launches and other high-visibility events. The 33rd Fighter Wing closed its operations with the F-15 Eagle in September 2009 and became the Department of Defense\'s first F-35 Lightning II training wing on 1 October 2009.
## Subordinate organizations {#subordinate_organizations}
The wing is composed of two groups, the 33d Operations Group (OG) and 33d Maintenance Group (MXG). The 33 OG operates two flying squadron, the 58th Fighter Squadron and 60th Fighter Squadron, the 33d Operations Support Squadron as well as the 728th and 337th Air Control Squadrons. The 33 MXG commands the 33d Maintenance Operations Squadron, the 33d Aircraft Maintenance Squadron, the 33d Maintenance Squadron.
- 33d Operations Group
- 58th Fighter Squadron
- 60th Fighter Squadron
- 728th Air Control Squadron
- 337th Air Control Squadron, located at Tyndall Air Force Base
- 33d Operations Support Squadron
- 33d Maintenance Group
- 33d Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
- 33d Maintenance Operations Squadron
- 33d Maintenance Squadron
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# 33rd Fighter Wing
## History
: *See 33rd Operations Group for related lineage and history.*
### Air Defense {#air_defense}
The headquarters of the 33rd Fighter Wing became operational upon movement to Otis Air Force Base, Massachusetts, in mid-November 1948. The wing trained to maintain tactical proficiency and participated in exercises and aerial demonstrations from November 1948 to November 1949. It assumed an air defense mission in December 1949 and provided air defense in the northeastern United States until inactivated in February 1952, when it was inactivated and most personnel were transferred to the 4707th Air Defense Wing. Once again it provided air defense in the northeastern United States, from October 1956 to June 1957, but was non-operational from 1 July 1957 to 18 August 1957.
### Tactical fighter operations {#tactical_fighter_operations}
On 1 April 1965, the wing was activated at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida and embarked on a program of tactical training operations to maintain proficiency. It operated a test support division, from July 1965 to December 1967, and a special test squadron, from December 1967 to April 1971, in support of tests for weapon systems, aircraft armament and munitions, and tactical procedures of the Tactical Air Warfare Center. The first Tactical Air Command McDonnell F-4D Phantom IIs assigned to a combat unit arrived at the 33rd at Eglin on 21 June 1966. The wing also provided F-4 replacement training from 15 December 1966 to 28 February 1967. Through deployment of combat-ready tactical components, with personnel and equipment transferred to Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) units upon arrival, the wing provided fresh aircraft and aircrews for the forces in Southeast Asia and in Korea. The wing also transferred two of its combat-ready squadrons to PACAF, the 25th Tactical Fighter Squadron in May 1968 and the 4th Tactical Fighter Squadron in April 1969. The wing\'s last combat-ready squadron, the 58th Tactical Fighter Squadron, deployed to Southeast Asia for combat operations from April to October 1972 and again from June to September 1973.
The wing supported the 4485th Test Squadron of the Tactical Air Warfare Center in weapon systems evaluation program tests from January to December 1973, and periodically thereafter until July 1978. Aircrews ferried F-4Es to Israel in October 1973. The wing augmented intercept defense forces of the North American Air Defense Command (NORAD) from 1 January 1976 to 15 January 1979 and from 4 January 1982 to 5 April 1982. While awaiting delivery of McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagles, the 60th Fighter Squadron conducted F-15 mission qualifications training for the 18th Tactical Fighter Wing (Kadena Air Base, Japan) from 15 July 1979 to 30 April 1980. The wing provided personnel and equipment to fly combat air patrols and air intercept missions for contingency operations in Grenada, from October to November 1983, and Panama, from December 1989 to January 1990.
### Recent operations {#recent_operations}
During combat operations while deployed in Southwest Asia from 26 August 1990 to 12 April 1991, 33 FW personnel were credited with sixteen air-to-air victories. Wing personnel and aircraft continued rotations to Saudi Arabia to protect coalition assets and to ensure that Iraq complied with treaty terms.
From 1992 to 2002 the 33rd Operations Group continued to deploy aircraft and personnel to Saudi Arabia, Canada, the Caribbean, South America, Jamaica, Iceland, Italy, and Puerto Rico and participated in various operations. Twelve of the 19 airmen killed in the Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia on 25 June 1996 were members of the 33rd Wing.
The 33rd Fighter Wing divested itself of its F-15C and F-15D Eagle aircraft in 2008 and 2009 and completed the transition from Air Combat Command (ACC) to Air Education and Training Command (AETC) on 1 October 2009. At the same time, it became the first American F-35 Lightning II training unit.
On 13 January 2011, the 33rd Fighter Wing received four General Dynamics F-16s from the 56th Fighter Wing at Luke AFB, Arizona. The jets will help establish a \"battle rhythm,\" as the wing stands up the first Joint Training Center for the fifth generation F-35 Joint Strike Fighter. In July 2011, the wing received its first two F-35A Lightning II aircraft
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# Mick Gillies
**Michael Thomas Gillies** (15 September 1920 -- 10 December 1999) was an English medical entomologist. He spent most of his working life in the tropics, particularly Tanzania (then known as Tanganyika) and later The Gambia, studying the transfer of malaria between mosquitos and humans. He was awarded the Chalmers and Sir Rickard Christophers Medals for his seminal contribution to the understanding of the role of mosquito behaviour in the transfer of malaria. He was also a world authority on the mayfly.
Gillies was not only highly respected for his academic achievements; he was widely loved for his warm and humorous personality.
He was the youngest son of the eminent plastic surgeon Sir Harold Gillies, but was also proud to be descended from one of Edward Lear\'s sisters. He is survived by two daughters from his first marriage to Agnes Sleigh, Susie Winter and Jacqueline Gillies, and by his second wife, Eva Gillies
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# WLLS
**WLLS** (99.3 FM) is a radio station in Beulah, Michigan. The station, which began broadcasting in 1979, is owned by Traverse City broadcaster Roy E. Henderson under the \"Fort Bend Broadcasting\" banner and has long been the primary local station for the Frankfort area and Benzie County. It was formerly simulcast on WCUZ 100.1 FM licensed to Bear Lake, Michigan, which now airs a talk format as **Talk Radio 1340 WMTE** (although the actual WMTE-AM 1340 remains silent as of July 2012).
WLLS\'s coverage area does not extend far east of Traverse City and Cadillac to protect co-channel WATZ-FM in Alpena, but the station can be heard across Lake Michigan in parts of northeastern Wisconsin.
## History
The station was originally WBNZ, which aired some kind of adult contemporary or Hot AC music format for many years (and continues to do so on 92.3 FM). WBNZ was also heavily involved in the Frankfort/Benzie County community, with local news and high-school sports coverage.
In July 2009, the WBNZ call sign moved to 92.3 (formerly WOUF 92.1) and the 99.3 allotment became WOUF 99.3 The Wolf, which aired a Mainstream Rock format mixing New and Classic Rock. The station\'s competition included Northern Radio\'s Classic Rocker WKLT (which Henderson founded but sold off in the 1980s) and Northern Star Broadcasting\'s classic rock WGFN \"The Bear\" and mainstream rocker WJZJ (\"Real Rock\"). WOUF retained its city of license of Beulah with the move to 99.3, and WBNZ retained its city of license of Frankfort with the move to 92.3.
On January 21, 2015, WOUF went silent. On January 26, 2017, WOUF returned to the air with a simulcast of adult contemporary-formatted WLDR-FM as \"The Bay\".
On September 30, 2018, WOUF changed its call sign to WQAN. On October 1, 2018, WQAN switched from a simulcast of WLDR-FM to a simulcast of album-oriented rock-formatted WQON 100.3 FM Grayling.
In October 2019, WQAN went silent (off the air).
WQAN was found broadcasting from an unauthorized location.
On October 1, 2020, WQAN changed their call letters to WLLS
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# Imera Settentrionale
The **Imera Settentrionale** (Greek: *Ἱμέρας*, Latin: *Himera*; *Imera Settentrionale* or also *Fiume Grande*) is a river of Sicily, rising in the Western Madonie mountains near Cozzo Levanche, and flowing approximately 35 km through the *comuni* of Caltavuturo, Campofelice di Roccella, Cerda, Collesano, Scillato, Sclafani Bagni, Termini Imerese and Valledolmo (all in the Province of Palermo) to the Tyrrhenian Sea at the site of the ancient city of Himera. The drainage area is 342 km2, making it one of the principal rivers of Sicily to flow into the Tyrrhenian.
## Historical significance {#historical_significance}
Himera was the ancient name of two rivers in Sicily, the Imera Settentrionale flowing to the north into the Tyrrhenian Sea, the other (the Salso) to the south coast of the island, but which, by a strange confusion, were regarded by many ancient writers as one and the same river, which is in consequence described as rising in the center of the island, and flowing in two different directions, so as completely to divide Sicily into two parts. It is singular that, if we may believe Vibius Sequester, this absurd notion is as old as the time of Stesichorus, who was himself a native of the city of Himera. Pomponius Mela is, however, the only one of the ancient geographers who adopts it.
The northern Himera, a much less considerable stream than the southern Himera (the Salso), is uniformly described as flowing by the city to which it gave its name; and Pindar speaks of the great victory of Gelon (which we know to have been fought in the immediate vicinity of the city) as gained upon the banks of the fair waters of the Himera. Hence its identification with the modern Imera Settentrionale (or Fiume Grande) was necessarily connected with the determination of the site of that city, a question which was the subject formerly of dispute. Theocritus more than once alludes to the river Himera as a celebrated Sicilian stream; but in such general terms as to afford no indication which of the two rivers he means: the Scholiast, however, understands him to refer to the northern Himera
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# Addition-subtraction chain
An **addition-subtraction chain**, a generalization of addition chains to include subtraction, is a sequence *a*~0~, *a*~1~, *a*~2~, *a*~3~, \... that satisfies
$$a_0 = 1, \,$$
$$\text{for }k > 0,\ a_k = a_i \pm a_j\text{ for some }0 \leq i,j < k.$$
An addition-subtraction chain for *n*, of length *L*, is an addition-subtraction chain such that $a_L = n$. That is, one can thereby compute *n* by *L* additions and/or subtractions. (Note that *n* need not be positive. In this case, one may also include *a*~−1~ = 0 in the sequence, so that *n* = −1 can be obtained by a chain of length 1.)
By definition, every addition chain is also an addition-subtraction chain, but not vice versa. Therefore, the length of the *shortest* addition-subtraction chain for *n* is bounded above by the length of the shortest addition chain for *n*. In general, however, the determination of a minimal addition-subtraction chain (like the problem of determining a minimum addition chain) is a difficult problem for which no efficient algorithms are currently known. The related problem of finding an optimal addition sequence is NP-complete (Downey et al., 1981), but it is not known for certain whether finding optimal addition or addition-subtraction chains is NP-hard.
For example, one addition-subtraction chain is: $a_0=1$, $a_1=2=1+1$, $a_2=4=2+2$, $a_3=3=4-1$. This is not a *minimal* addition-subtraction chain for *n*=3, however, because we could instead have chosen $a_2=3=2+1$. The smallest *n* for which an addition-subtraction chain is shorter than the minimal addition chain is *n*=31, which can be computed in only 6 additions (rather than 7 for the minimal addition chain):
$$a_0=1,\ a_1=2=1+1,\ a_2=4=2+2,\ a_3=8=4+4,\ a_4=16=8+8,\ a_5=32=16+16,\ a_6=31=32-1.$$
Like an addition chain, an addition-subtraction chain can be used for addition-chain exponentiation: given the addition-subtraction chain of length *L* for *n*, the power $x^n$ can be computed by multiplying or dividing by *x* *L* times, where the subtractions correspond to divisions. This is potentially efficient in problems where division is an inexpensive operation, most notably for exponentiation on elliptic curves where division corresponds to a mere sign change (as proposed by Morain and Olivos, 1990).
Some hardware multipliers multiply by *n* using an addition chain described by n in binary:
`n = 31 = 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 (binary).`
Other hardware multipliers multiply by *n* using an addition-subtraction chain described by n in Booth encoding:
`n = 31 = 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 −1 (Booth encoding)
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# Interwar unemployment and poverty in the United Kingdom
Unemployment was the dominant issue of British society during the interwar years. Unemployment levels rarely dipped below 1,000,000 and reached a peak of more than 3,000,000 in 1933, a figure which represented more than 20% of the working population. The unemployment rate was even higher in areas including South Wales and Liverpool. The Government extended unemployment insurance schemes in 1920 to alleviate the effects of unemployment.
## Causes
There were several reasons for the decline in industry after the First World War. The end of the war brought a boom. In the shipping industry, businesses expanded rapidly in order to take advantage of the increase in demand. However, the boom was short-lived and this rapid expansion caused a slump from oversupply. Structural weaknesses in the British economy meant a disproportionate number of jobs were in the traditional industries. A combination of a lack of pre-war technological development and post-war competition damaged the economy and the new industries which emerged employed fewer people. At the same time, Britain began to lose its overseas markets due to strong foreign competition. Some have argued that an overly generous unemployment insurance system worsened the state of the economy. The Wall Street crash in 1929 was responsible for a worldwide downturn in trade and led to the Great Depression.
Apart from the major pockets of unemployment, Britain was generally prosperous. Historian Piers Brendon writes:
: Historians, however, have long since revised this grim picture, presenting the devil\'s decade as the cradle of the affluent society. Prices fell sharply between the wars and average incomes rose by about a third. The term \"property-owning democracy\" was coined in the 1920s, and 3,000,000 houses were built during the 1930s. Land, labour and materials were cheap: a bungalow could be purchased for £225 and a semi for £450. The middle-class also bought radiograms, telephones, three-piece suites, electric cookers, vacuum cleaners and golf clubs. They ate Kellogg\'s Corn Flakes (\"never miss a day\"), drove to Odeon cinemas in Austin Sevens (costing £135 by 1930) and smoked Craven A cigarettes, cork-tipped \"to prevent sore throats\". The depression spawned a consumer boom.
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# Interwar unemployment and poverty in the United Kingdom
## Response
### Lloyd George\'s coalition {#lloyd_georges_coalition}
As the Government had funded the Great War largely through borrowing, Britain had run up a large national debt. A boom in the economy occurred in 1919 causing unemployment rates to decrease. The boom stopped in 1920 when unemployment began to rise, and by the time that the Liberal-Conservative coalition lost power at the 1922 general election, the unemployment rate had reached 2,500,000. A committee on unemployment was set up in 1920 and recommended public work schemes to ease unemployment, leading to the establishment of the Unemployment Grants Committee. As unemployment was not uniform across Britain, it was decided to concentrate schemes in areas of the country that were particularly affected by the economic downturn. However, the government also wished to return to the gold standard, a move that would have required cuts in public spending. The Unemployment Insurance Act 1920 extended unemployment benefits to cover all workers who earned less than £250. The \"Seeking Work Test\" was introduced in 1921, which stipulated that to receive full employment benefit, there had to be evidence that the recipient was looking for work.
### Conservative policy {#conservative_policy}
The Unemployment Insurance Act 1927 returned to the principle that workers had to contribute to insurance schemes in order to be a part of them. The workhouse system was abolished and replaced with a system of public assistance committeess.
### Labour Policy {#labour_policy}
Ramsay MacDonald\'s Government passed the Development (Loan Guarantees and Grants) Act 1929 (20 & 21 Geo. 5. c. 7).
### National Government {#national_government}
In 1931, a National Government formed after Cabinet splits resulting from the financial crisis. National Governments would stay in power from 1931-1940 until Winston Churchill became Prime Minister of a Coalition Government during the Second World War.
Local government was reorganised so that local authorities provided school dinners and health services, means testing was introduced and the Unemployment Assistance Board was set up in 1934. Economic measures included the devaluation of the pound and taking Britain\'s currency off of the gold standard, borrowing also increased. The Special Areas Act 1934 attempted to inject finance into depressed areas and British industry was protected by protectionist measures such as state subsidies and import quotas. The Unemployment Act 1934 increased the numbers covered by unemployment insurance.
## Legislation
- Unemployment Insurance Act 1920
- Unemployment Insurance Act 1921
- Unemployment Insurance Act 1924
- Unemployment Insurance Act 1927
- Unemployment Insurance Act 1930
- Coal Mines Act 1930
- Import Duties Act 1932
- Unemployment Act 1934
- Special Areas Act 1934
- British Shipping (Assistance) Act 1935
- Cotton Spinning Industry Act 1936
- Special Areas (Amendment) Act 1937
- Cotton Industry (Reorganisation) Act 1939
## Unrest
There were several examples of unrest during this period, most notably the General Strike of 1926 and the Jarrow March of October 1936. There were also protests against the introduction of means testing and hunger marches organized by the National Unemployed Workers Movement
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# IBM airgap
**Airgap** is a technique invented by IBM for fabricating small pockets of vacuum in between copper interconnects. The technique belongs to a general class of similar techniques that replaces solid low-κ dielectrics with air-filled or vacuum pockets.
## Description
By insulating copper interconnects (wires) on an integrated circuit (IC) with vacuum holes, capacitance can be minimized enabling ICs to work faster or draw less power. A vacuum is believed to be the ultimate insulator for wiring capacitance, which occurs when two adjacent wires on an IC draw electrical energy from one another, generating undesirable heat and slowing the speed at which data can move through an IC. IBM estimates that this technology alone can lead to 35% higher speeds in current flow or 15% lower power consumption.
## Fabrication techniques {#fabrication_techniques}
The technique fabricates air gaps on a large scale by exploiting the self-assembly properties of certain polymers. These polymers can be easily integrated into the process modules (a collection of related steps that fabricate a structure on an integrated circuit) used in conventional CMOS fabrication, avoiding the costs of heavily modifying the process technology (the collection of process modules that produces an integrated circuit).
The technique deposits a polymer material over the entire wafer, and removes it at a later stage. When the polymer is removed, it creates trillions of evenly spaced vacuum pockets that are 20 nanometers in diameter. IBM has demonstrated this technique in the laboratory, and has deployed it in its East Fishkill, New York fabrication plant, where prototype POWER6 processors using this technology have been fabricated. The technique was scheduled to be featured in production-ready process technology in 2009, as part of IBM\'s 45 nm node, after which it would also be available to IBM\'s clients.
## History
Airgap was developed in a collaborative effort between IBM\'s Almaden Research Center and T.J. Watson Research Center, and the University of Albany, New York
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# Johnny Gill (1983 album)
AllMusic\|work=AllMusic\|publisher=All Media Network\|last=Hamilton\|first=Andrew\|accessdate=January 5, 2015}}
}}
**Johnny Gill** is the debut studio album AllMusic\|work=AllMusic\|publisher=All Media Network\|last=Birchmeier\|first=Jason\|accessdate=January 5, 2015}}
}} by American singer-songwriter Johnny Gill, released on April 6, 1983, by Cotillion Records. The album was produced by Freddie Perren. It did not chart in the United States; however, the album\'s two singles, \"Super Love\" and \"When Something Is Wrong with My Baby\", peaked at number 29 and number 57 on the *Billboard* R&B chart, respectively.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
`{{track listing
| collapsed =
| title1 = [[Super Love (Johnny Gill song)|Super Love]]
| writer1 = {{flatlist|
* Keni St. Lewis
* [[Freddie Perren]]
* [[Elliot Wolff]]
}}
| length1 = {{duration|m=4|s=51}}
| title2 = Thank You
| writer2 = {{flatlist|
* Keni St. Lewis
* Freddie Perren
* Elliot Wolff
}}
| length2 = {{duration|m=4|s=30}}
| title3 = Show Her Love
| writer3 = Ric Wyatt, Jr.
| length3 = {{duration|m=3|s=35}}
| title4 = Guilty
| writer4 = {{flatlist|
* Keni St. Lewis
* Freddie Perren
* Elliot Wolff
}}
| length4 = {{duration|m=3|s=38}}
| title5 = [[When Something Is Wrong with My Baby#Johnny Gill version|When Something Is Wrong with My Baby]]
| note5 = [[Sam & Dave]] cover
| writer5 = {{flatlist|
* [[Isaac Hayes]]
* [[David Porter (musician)|David Porter]]
}}
| length5 = {{duration|m=3|s=58}}
| title6 = Every Radio
| writer6 = Ric Wyatt, Jr.
| length6 = {{duration|m=4|s=4}}
| title7 = I'm Sorry
| writer7 = {{flatlist|
* Ric Wyatt, Jr.
* [[Kristeen Young]]
}}
| length7 = {{duration|m=3|s=56}}
| title8 = I Love Makin' Music
| writer8 = {{flatlist|
* Freddie Perren
* Elliot Wolff
}}
| length8 = {{duration|m=5|s=12}}
| title9 = You
| writer9 = [[Frederick Knight (singer)|Frederick Knight]]
| length9 = {{duration|m=3|s=27}}
| title10 = Half Steppin{{'-}}`{=mediawiki} \| writer10 = `{{flatlist|
* Ric Wyatt, Jr.
* Larry R. McIntosh
}}`{=mediawiki} \| length10 = `{{duration|m=3|s=51}}`{=mediawiki} \| total_length = `{{duration|m=41|s=2}}`{=mediawiki} }}
## Personnel
- Johnny Gill -- lead vocals, backing vocals, bass, lead guitar, drums, bongos
- Freddie Perren -- arranger, producer, synthesizer bass, rhythm arrangements, drum programming
- Clarence McDonald -- piano
- Cornelius Mims -- bass
- Carmen Twillie -- backing vocals
- Eddie Watkins -- bass
- Elliot Wolff -- synthesizer, Fender Rhodes, arranger
- Dennis King -- mastering
- Maxine Waters -- backing vocals
- Julia Waters -- backing vocals
- Ric Wyatt Jr. -- synthesizer, arranger, piano, synthesizer bass, producer, backing vocals, keyboards
- David Michael Kennedy -- photography
- Ed Biggs -- engineer, remixing
- Ronald Adkins -- backing vocals
- Larry R
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# Dynamical system simulation
**Dynamical system simulation** or **dynamic system simulation** is the use of a computer program to model the time-varying behavior of a dynamical system. The systems are typically described by ordinary differential equations or partial differential equations. A simulation run solves the state-equation system to find the behavior of the state variables over a specified period of time. The equation is solved through numerical integration methods to produce the transient behavior of the state variables. Simulation of dynamic systems predicts the values of model-system state variables, as they are determined by the past state values. This relationship is found by creating a model of the system.
## Overview
Simulation models are commonly obtained from discrete-time approximations of continuous-time mathematical models. As mathematical models incorporate real-world constraints, like gear backlash and rebound from a hard stop, equations become nonlinear. This requires numerical methods to solve the equations.
A numerical simulation is done by stepping through a time interval and calculating the integral of the derivatives through numerical integration. Some methods use a fixed step through the interval, and others use an adaptive step that can shrink or grow automatically to maintain an acceptable error tolerance. Some methods can use different time steps in different parts of the simulation model.
There are two types of system models to be simulated: difference-equation models, and differential-equation models. Classical physics is usually based on differential equation models. This is why most old simulation programs are simply differential equation solvers and delegate solving difference-equations to "procedural program segments."Some dynamic systems are modeled with differential equations that can only be presented in an implicit form. These differential-algebraic-equation systems require special mathematical methods for simulation.
Some complex systems' behavior can be quite sensitive to initial conditions, which could lead to large errors from the correct values. To avoid these possible errors, a rigorous approach can be applied, where an algorithm is found which can compute the value up to any desired precision. For example, the constant e is a computable number because there is an algorithm that is able to produce the constant up to any given precision.
## Applications
The first applications of computer simulations for dynamic systems was in the aerospace industry. Commercial uses of dynamic simulation are many and range from nuclear power, steam turbines, 6 degrees of freedom vehicle modeling, electric motors, econometric models, biological systems, robot arms, mass-spring-damper systems, hydraulic systems, and drug dose migration through the human body to name a few. These models can often be run in real time to give a virtual response close to the actual system. This is useful in process control and mechatronic systems for tuning the automatic control systems before they are connected to the real system, or for human training before they control the real system.
Simulation is also used in computer games and animation and can be accelerated by using a physics engine, the technology used in many powerful computer graphics software programs, like 3ds Max, Maya, Lightwave, and many others to simulate physical characteristics. In computer animation, things like hair, cloth, liquid, fire, and particles can be easily modeled, while the human animator animates simpler objects. Computer-based dynamic animation was first used at a very simple level in the 1989 Pixar short film *Knick Knack* to move the fake snow in the snowglobe and pebbles in a fish tank
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| 0 |
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# Bob Tufts
**Robert Malcolm Tufts** (November 2, 1955 -- October 4, 2019) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the San Francisco Giants and Kansas City Royals between 1981 and 1983.
## Early life {#early_life}
Tufts was born in Medford, Massachusetts, and raised in Lynnfield, Massachusetts, where he attended Lynnfield High School. He attended Princeton University, where he earned a degree in Economics in 1977. In 1975, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Harwich Mariners of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
## Baseball career {#baseball_career}
Tufts was drafted by the Giants out of Princeton University in the 12th round of the 1977 Major League Baseball Draft. In 1979 he led the Texas League in wins and complete games (12) as he was 14-10 with a 2.45 ERA for the Shreveport Captains.
He made his debut for the Giants in 1981, and pitched in 11 games for them that season. He held the distinction of being the last Princeton University baseball player to appear in a major league baseball game until Chris Young debuted with the Rangers on August 24, 2004.
The following spring, Tufts was traded to the Royals along with Vida Blue. During the 1982 and 1983 seasons he appeared in 16 games for the Royals. In 1982 he was 2nd in the American Association in games (59), and 3rd in saves (12), and had a 1.60 ERA, as he pitched for the Omaha Royals. Midseason in 1983, he was traded to the Cincinnati Reds for Charlie Leibrandt, but never appeared in a major league game again.
Tufts converted to Judaism, one of six major league baseball players who converted to Judaism during their careers. He was a participant in a 2005 seminar at the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown on Jews and Baseball, and also performed baseball clinics in Israel.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Tufts earned an MBA degree in finance from Columbia University in 1986. He lived in Forest Hills, New York. He worked in futures and foreign exchange sales and trading, and worked at Bear Stearns, Credit Agricole, Lehman Brothers, Thomson McKinnon, and Jefferies Financial Group.
He was an adjunct professor at New York University, where he taught business development. He also taught sports marketing and management and principles of entrepreneurship as a Visiting Clinical Assistant Professor at the Yeshiva University Sy Syms School of Business and organization behavior in sports at Manhattanville College.
His wife, Suzanne Israel Tufts, served as Assistant Secretary of Administration at the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) in 2018. They have a daughter, Abigail Tufts.
In 2009, he was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. He underwent pill-based and liquid chemotherapy and reached a recovery point at which he could undergo and autologous stem cell transplant. As of May 2010, he was in almost complete remission.
Tufts was a patient advocate and founder of My Life Is Worth It. He was an active speaker and frequently tweeted about issues regarding the need to involve patients more in the healthcare process.
Tufts died on October 4, 2019, from an infection brought on by complications from a stem cell transplant on August 23. He was 63. He was buried in Beth Israel Cemetery in Woodbridge Township, New Jersey
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# Volodymyr Butkevych
**Volodymyr Hryhorovych Butkevych** (Boutkevich) (*Володимир Григорович Буткевич*; born August 2, 1946) is a Ukrainian scholar and human rights lawyer. From 1996 until 2008 he was the Ukrainian judge at the European Court of Human Rights.
In 1994 he was a head of a provisional committee of the Verkhovna Rada to settle Crimean issues
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# Ernie Cooksey
**Ernest George Cooksey** (11 June 1980 -- 3 July 2008) was an English footballer, who was a utility player. He started as a trainee with Colchester United, before joining non-League clubs Heybridge Swifts, Bishop\'s Stortford, Chesham United and Bromley. In 2002, he joined Southern Football League Premier Division side Crawley Town before turning professional with Football League side Oldham Athletic in 2003.
He then moved to Rochdale in 2004 and Boston United in 2007, totalling 140 appearances in the Football League over a four-year period. He dropped down back into non-League football, joining Conference National club Grays Athletic, making 19 league appearances.
Cooksey had a form of skin cancer removed from his back in 2006, but was diagnosed with a recurrence of a malignant melanoma in February 2008. He died in the early hours of 3 July 2008, aged 28.
## Football career {#football_career}
### Early career {#early_career}
Cooksey had started his career as a trainee with Colchester United, prior to moving on to a number of non-League clubs. His first move was to Heybridge Swifts before joining Bishop\'s Stortford in 1998. He then moved on to Chesham United in 2000, leaving in 2002 to have a brief spell at Bromley.
He joined Southern Football League Premier Division club, Crawley Town in July 2002, ready for the 2002--03 season. Cooksey made his debut for Crawley on 26 August, against Welling United coming on as a substitute, after he returned from coaching schoolchildren in Las Vegas for six months. He made 34 appearances, scoring once during his spell with Crawley, helping them to finish seventh in the Southern Football League Premier Division.
### Turning professional {#turning_professional}
Cooksey joined Oldham Athletic on trial in July 2003. In August, at the age of 23, he stepped up three leagues into professional football permanently when Iain Dowie signed him on for financially troubled Oldham, who were in the Second Division. Bob Dowie, who was Cooksey\'s former manager at Chesham United, recommended the player to his brother, Iain. He followed in the footsteps of Fitz Hall and Wayne Andrews who also joined the club from Chesham as recommendations from Bob Dowie. Cooksey scored twice in Oldham\'s 3--0 home victory over Carlisle United in their FA Cup first round match on 8 November 2003. When the new season, 2003--04, started Cooksey was unable to make his debut due to suspension. He made 37 Second Division appearances for Oldham in the 2003--04 season, scoring four goals.
Cooksey started the 2004--05 season with Oldham Athletic, playing one match, away against Luton Town on 7 August. He was released by Oldham on 15 September, after he was left out of manager Brian Talbot\'s plans. He dropped down into the Third Division, newly renamed as League Two, and signed for Rochdale a day later on 16 September, despite discussing terms with Carlisle United. He made his debut, away against Mansfield Town in the 1--0 away defeat on 18 September. During his first season with Rochdale, Cooksey received six yellow cards and two red cards on the field. However, his first red card of the season against Notts County was later overturned and downgraded to a yellow after a successful appeal to the FA.
At the start of the 2006--07 season, he signed a 12-month extension to his contract. He spent more than two years with Rochdale, before joining Boston United in the January transfer window of 2007. Boston United were reduced to just 12 professionals on their books in the closing stages of the 2006--07 season, as the club could not afford to pay players wages. Cooksey had not been paid since February, and was spending £30 a day in fuel travelling from his Manchester home. He spent six months at Boston United and played 16 League Two games, but was unable to prevent them from being relegated from the Football League on the final day of the season.
### Return to non-League {#return_to_non_league}
Following his release from Boston United, Cooksey stated that he\'d like to reunite with former Boston manager Steve Evans, who was now manager of Cooksey\'s previous club, Crawley Town. He had an unsuccessful trial at Barnet, before joining Conference National side Grays Athletic in July 2007. He made his debut in Grays\' first game of the season away to Torquay United in the 0--0 draw, on 12 August. Cooksey was sent off in Grays\' 1--0 home defeat on 8 September, for a mistimed tackle on Michael Brough, as his trailing leg caught the opposition player. His last ever game was for Grays Athletic at home in a Conference National match against Exeter City on 16 February 2008. Cooksey played the full 90 minutes in the 2--0 defeat. During the 2007--08 season, he made 19 appearances in the Conference for Grays.
## Playing style {#playing_style}
Cooksey was a utility player, due to his versatility on the left flank and in the centre of midfield as a box-to-box midfielder. He was predominately a midfielder, throughout his career playing in the centre or on the left wing. During his spell with Grays Athletic, he was used as a defender, playing as a left full-back.
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# Ernie Cooksey
## Personal life and illness {#personal_life_and_illness}
Before joining Oldham Athletic in August 2003, Cooksey worked as a builder fitting false ceilings, leaving the better-paid job to fulfil a lifelong ambition to become a professional footballer.
In early 2008, he was diagnosed with malignant melanoma, a severe form of skin cancer. He had fought the disease before, when he had a form of skin cancer removed from his back in 2006. Cooksey suspected his cancer originated from a six-month spell coaching schoolchildren in the searing heat of Las Vegas in the United States. In April 2008, Grays Athletic staged a benefit match for Cooksey. The match consisted of former professional players, as well as current professionals such as Leroy Lita, Nicky Shorey, Aaron McLean, Ray Parlour, Justin Edinburgh, Iain Dowie, Bob Dowie, Clive Allen, Scott Fitzgerald and Paul Merson. He returned to his former club Oldham Athletic in May 2008, where another benefit match was staged for his appeal at Boundary Park, attended by 1,500 fans to see such former players as John Barnes, Luther Blissett and Chris Waddle as well as television actors from *Coronation Street*.
Cooksey was born in Bishop\'s Stortford. He died in the early hours of 3 July 2008, at the age of 28, five weeks before partner Louise Newlove was due to give birth to their first child. Newlove gave birth to their daughter, Isabella-Georgia Cooksey, on 27 July 2008.
## Tributes
Before the League Cup match between Oldham Athletic and Rochdale on 12 August 2008, both sets of players and management emerged from the tunnel wearing special Ernie Cooksey T-shirts bearing the number 4, the shirt number he wore at both clubs. The T-shirts bore both clubs\' crests on the front along with the slogan \"ERNIE COOKSEY -- A TRUE GENT\", and the reverse read \"4 ERNIE\". A bucket collection also took place with all the proceeds going to a fund set up in Cooksey\'s name. Additionally, his family, including partner Louise, were present at the game.
Oldham Athletic fans had a St George\'s Cross flag made in his honour, which was due to be displayed at Oldham\'s matches, as well as being taken abroad for England international fixtures. The tribute flag was stolen in February 2009, when Spanish hooligans attacked English fans in Seville before an international friendly on 20 February, stealing England flags from fans as trophies. The flag was replaced after a number of donations helped to cover the costs
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# Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe
The **Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe** (*Frontflugspange*) was a World War II German military decoration awarded to aircrew and certain other Luftwaffe personnel in recognition of the number of operational flights flown. It was instituted by *Reichsmarschall* Hermann Göring on 30 January 1941. It was awarded in Bronze, Silver, and Gold with an upgrade to include diamonds possible. Pennants suspended from the clasp indicated the number of missions obtained in a given type of aircraft. Front Flying Clasps were issued for missions completed in the following Luftwaffe aircraft:
- Day Fighters
- Night Fighters
- Long Range Night Fighters
- Heavy Fighters
- Air to Ground Support Fighters
- Bombers
- Reconnaissance
- Transport and Glider
The different clasps were inaugurated on:
- 30 January 1941 for the Front Flying Clasp
- 26 June 1942 for the Pennant to the Gold Front Flying Clasp
- 29 April 1944 for the Pennant with number of mission
## Design
All badges are formed of a central device (usually blackened) encircled by a wreath of laurel leaves set between two stylized wings of oak leaves with a swastika located at the base of the wreath. Clasps measure approximately 7.5 cm by 2.5 cm. The various designs of the central device was determined from the type of aircraft flown. The clasp pennant was instituted as additional recognition for the increased number of operational missions/flights, which grew as the war continued. As part of the post-war program of the German Denazification, in 1957 these clasps were made available for wear with their Swastika emblems removed
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# Gray Maynard
**Bradley Gray Maynard** (born May 9, 1979) is an American mixed martial artist who competed in the Lightweight and Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). Between 2008 and 2011, he competed in a noted rivalry with former UFC Lightweight Champion Frankie Edgar. Maynard competed in college wrestling at Michigan State University, and made his UFC debut in 2007.
## Background
Maynard\'s father, Jan, was a two-time Ohio high school state wrestling champion. He also has a sister named Misty. Maynard attended Bonanza High School and Durango High School in Las Vegas, Nevada, before he transferred to St. Edward High School in Lakewood, Ohio for two years. While at St. Ed\'s he wrestled for coach Greg Urbas, and excelled in its wrestling program.
In 1997, he placed second in the Ohio High School Athletic Association (OHSAA) state tournament in the 140 lb weight class for Division I. In 1998, he was the state champion at the 152 lb weight class. His high school record was an impressive 135--16, including being undefeated in his sophomore and senior years. His nickname of \"Bully\" came from his dog, Hank, a bull terrier he rescued. Maynard wrestled alongside former UFC light heavyweight champion Rashad Evans at Michigan State University. They were also roommates. He was redshirted in his freshman year. In 2001, he placed eighth at the NCAA Division I Collegiate Wrestling Championship at 157 lb weight class. In 2002 and 2003, he placed seventh. The performance earned the MSU co-captain All-American honors for the third time in his collegiate career.
Upon graduation, Maynard ranked 11th all-time in MSU history with 106 career wins and seventh with 26 falls. After not making the 2004 US Olympic wrestling team, Maynard considered retirement from the sport. He was then recruited to be a sparring partner for mixed martial arts fighter and former Lightweight UFC champion B.J. Penn. With his exposure to the new sport, Maynard sought to compete in it. With his wrestling connections, he eventually became a student and training partner of UFC Hall of Famer Randy Couture.
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# Gray Maynard
## Mixed martial arts career {#mixed_martial_arts_career}
### *The Ultimate Fighter* {#the_ultimate_fighter}
Maynard was a contestant on *The Ultimate Fighter 5*, which featured Lightweights exclusively. He was selected by B.J. Penn to be on his team and was Penn\'s pick to make it to the finals.
Maynard beat Wayne Weems in the preliminary round. In the quarterfinals, Maynard faced Brandon Melendez in a tough matchup and won the fight with a guillotine choke in the second round. He lost his semifinal matchup in the second round against Nate Diaz due to guillotine choke.
As part of *The Ultimate Fighter 5 Finale* preliminary Card on June 23, 2007, Maynard fought Rob Emerson in a controversial Lightweight fight. Maynard seemed to be in control of the fight in round one. During the second round he picked up Emerson and slammed him to the mat. Emerson immediately tapped out because of an injury to his ribs. The referee believed that Maynard also could not continue because he seemed to have hit his head on the mat and knocked himself out due to the force of his own slam. Since both fighters could not continue he ruled it a \"No Contest\". UFC President Dana White commented, \"I know one thing, that Maynard was out cold\". Maynard did not agree, and cited the cage-side doctors, who, after testing Maynard, found he had suffered no concussion during the bout. This fight earned him a \$40,000 *Fight of the Night* award.
### Ultimate Fighting Championship {#ultimate_fighting_championship}
In his next fight he took on Joe Veres at *UFC Fight Night 11* and knocked him out with the first punch he threw, after nine seconds. It was the second fastest knockout in UFC history (at that time, see *UFC 102*). Next Maynard won a unanimous decision victory over Dennis Siver at *UFC Fight Night 12* earning scores of (29--28, 30--27, and 29--28). At *UFC Fight Night 13*, he faced lightweight standout Frankie Edgar in the first bout of their rivalry. Maynard won a 30--27 unanimous decision on all cards to hand Edgar his first loss. He used his superior wrestling to control the fight, winning a decision. This fight earned him another *Fight of the Night* award.
Maynard also worked as an assistant wrestling coach for Forrest Griffin as part of The Ultimate Fighter: Team Rampage vs. Team Forrest.
Maynard earned a unanimous decision over Rich Clementi at *UFC 90*. In his fight, Maynard once again showed his superior wrestling as he controlled Clementi on the ground for 3 rounds. He did however appear notably disappointed during his post fight interview that he was unable to finish the fight.
Maynard then fought at *UFC 96*, against lightweight Jim Miller, winning by unanimous decision once again, with all three judges scoring the bout 30--27. Maynard kept the fight on the feet inversing his wrestling skills with excellent takedown defense and displayed solid standup skills, particularly looping bodyshot combos.
Maynard won against Roger Huerta via split decision at *UFC Fight Night 19*. During the fight, he had Huerta in a visibly deep kimura, though his opponent refused to submit.
Maynard defeated TUF 5 lightweight champion Nate Diaz via split decision at *UFC Fight Night 20*.
Maynard defeated Kenny Florian on August 28, 2010 at *UFC 118* via unanimous decision (30--27, 30--27, and 29--28). Maynard took Florian down at will and controlled him on the mat, thus becoming the #1 contender for the UFC Lightweight Championship.
In a *Fight of the Night* winning contest, Maynard and the champion Frankie Edgar fought to a split draw on January 1, 2011 at *UFC 125*, resulting in Edgar retaining his belt. Early reports were that the former WEC champion Anthony Pettis would receive the next title shot, but Dana White later announced that instead Edgar vs Maynard 3 would be the next lightweight title fight at *UFC 130*. On May 9, it was announced that injuries to both forced the fight to be removed from the card. Many consider the second fight with Edgar as one of the greatest fights in UFC history.
The third bout between Edgar and Maynard took place on October 8, 2011 as the main event of *UFC 136*. Maynard was defeated by Edgar via KO at 3:54 of round 4, resulting in the first official loss of his career. After a first round similar to the first round in their bout at UFC 125, Edgar was able to close in on Maynard landing more shots and becoming the aggressor. He finished Maynard with a flurry of punches, starting with an uppercut that rocked Maynard.
On November 21, 2011 Maynard\'s Head boxing coach Gil Martinez told The MMA Show, that Maynard would be leaving Xtreme Couture gym for American Kickboxing Academy.
Maynard fought Clay Guida at UFC on FX 4. He won the bout via split decision.
Maynard was expected to face Joe Lauzon on December 29, 2012 at UFC 155. However, Maynard pulled out of the bout citing a knee injury and was replaced by Jim Miller.
Maynard next faced T. J. Grant at UFC 160 on May 25, 2013. Dana White announced at the UFC on Fox 7 post-fight press conference that he expects that the winner of the Maynard/Grant fight to get a UFC Lightweight title shot against Benson Henderson. Maynard lost the fight via TKO in the first round.
A rubber match with Nate Diaz took place on November 30, 2013 at The Ultimate Fighter 18 Finale. Maynard lost via TKO in the first round.
Maynard was expected to face Fabrício Camões on August 2, 2014 at UFC 176. However, after UFC 176 was cancelled, Maynard/Camões was rescheduled and expected to take place on August 16, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 47. In turn, Maynard stepped up as an injury replacement for Abel Trujillo after he pulled out of a bout with Ross Pearson. He lost the fight against Pearson by TKO in the second round.
After the loss to Pearson, signed a new, eight-fight contract and moved back to Las Vegas to train at Xtreme Couture.
Maynard faced Alexander Yakovlev on April 4, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 63. He lost the fight by unanimous decision.
Maynard faced Fernando Bruno in a featherweight bout on July 8, 2016 at The Ultimate Fighter 23 Finale. He won the bout via unanimous decision.
Maynard faced Ryan Hall on December 3, 2016 at The Ultimate Fighter 24 Finale. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.
Maynard faced Teruto Ishihara on July 7, 2017 at The Ultimate Fighter 25 Finale. He won the fight by unanimous decision.
Maynard returned to lightweight against Nik Lentz on October 6, 2018 at UFC 229. He lost the fight via TKO in the second round after being dropped by a head kick and finished with punches. A year later, Maynard revealed that he had parted ways with the UFC after a tenure which lasted over a decade, covering almost his whole professional mixed martial arts career.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Maynard and his longtime girlfriend are currently engaged. Maynard has a daughter, Estella (born 2013).
Gray Maynard co-starred in the movie, *Art of Submission* with Ving Rhames and Ernie Reyes, Jr.
Maynard also was an Assistant Coach alongside Forrest Griffin and Tyson Griffin with head coach Rich Franklin on the last episode of the 11th season of *The Ultimate Fighter*.
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# Gray Maynard
## Championships and accomplishments {#championships_and_accomplishments}
### Mixed martial arts {#mixed_martial_arts}
- **Ultimate Fighting Championship**
- The Ultimate Fighter 5 Lightweight Tournament Semifinalist
- Fight of the Night (Three times) `{{small|vs. [[Rob Emerson]], [[Dennis Siver]] and [[Frankie Edgar]] 2}}`{=mediawiki}
- Tied (Krzysztof Jotko) for second highest decision-wins-per-win percentage in UFC history (10 decision wins / 11 wins: 91%)
- **UFC.com Awards**
- 2011: Ranked #2 Fight of the Year `{{small|vs. [[Frankie Edgar]] 2}}`{=mediawiki}, Half-Year Awards: Best Fight of the 1HY `{{small|vs. [[Frankie Edgar]] 2}}`{=mediawiki} & Ranked #5 Fight of the Year `{{small|vs. [[Frankie Edgar]] 3}}`{=mediawiki}
- **World MMA Awards**
- 2011 Fight of the Year vs. Frankie Edgar 2 at UFC 125
- **Sherdog**
- Fight of the Year (2011) vs. Frankie Edgar 2 on January 1
### Collegiate wrestling {#collegiate_wrestling}
- **National Collegiate Athletic Association**
- NCAA Division I 157 lb - 8th place out of Michigan State University (2001)
- NCAA Division I 157 lb - 7th place out of Michigan State University (2002)
- NCAA Division I 157 lb - 7th place out of Michigan State University (2003)
- NCAA Division I All-American (2001, 2002, 2003)
## Mixed martial arts record {#mixed_martial_arts_record}
\|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|`{{nowrap|13–7–1 (1)}}`{=mediawiki} \|Nik Lentz \|TKO (head kick and punches) \|UFC 229 \|`{{dts|2018|October|6}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|2 \|align=center\|1:19 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \|`{{small|Return to Lightweight.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|13--6--1 (1) \|Teruto Ishihara \|Decision (unanimous) \|The Ultimate Fighter: Redemption Finale \|`{{dts|2017|July|7}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|12--6--1 (1) \|Ryan Hall \|Decision (unanimous) \|The Ultimate Fighter: Tournament of Champions Finale \|`{{dts|2016|December|3}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|12--5--1 (1) \|Fernando Bruno \|Decision (unanimous) \|The Ultimate Fighter: Team Joanna vs. Team Cláudia Finale \|`{{dts|2016|July|8}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \|`{{small|Featherweight debut.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|11--5--1 (1) \|Alexander Yakovlev \|Decision (unanimous) \|UFC Fight Night: Mendes vs. Lamas \|`{{dts|2015|April|4}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Fairfax, Virginia, United States \|`{{small|}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|11--4--1 (1) \|Ross Pearson \|TKO (punches) \|UFC Fight Night: Bader vs. St. Preux \|`{{dts|2014|August|16}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|2 \|align=center\|1:35 \|Bangor, Maine, United States \|`{{small|}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|11--3--1 (1) \|Nate Diaz \|TKO (punches) \|The Ultimate Fighter: Team Rousey vs. Team Tate Finale \|`{{dts|2013|November|30}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|2:38 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|11--2--1 (1) \|TJ Grant \|TKO (punches) \|UFC 160 \|`{{dts|2013|May|25}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|2:07 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \|`{{small|[[List of UFC Champions#Lightweight Championship|UFC Lightweight]] title eliminator.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\|11--1--1 (1) \|Clay Guida \|Decision (split) \|UFC on FX: Maynard vs. Guida \|`{{dts|2012|June|22}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|5 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States \| \|- \|`{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\|10--1--1 (1) \|Frankie Edgar \|KO (punches) \|UFC 136 \|`{{dts|2011|October|8}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|4 \|align=center\|3:54 \|Houston, Texas, United States \|`{{small|For the [[List of UFC Champions#Lightweight Championship|UFC Lightweight Championship]].}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \|`{{draw}}`{=mediawiki}Draw \|align=center\|10--0--1 (1) \|Frankie Edgar \|Draw (split) \|UFC 125 \|`{{dts|2011|January|01}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\|5 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \|`{{small|For the [[UFC Lightweight Championship]]. Fight of the Night.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| `{{nowrap|10–0 (1)}}`{=mediawiki} \| Kenny Florian \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 118 \| `{{dts|2010|August|28}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 3 \|align=center\| 5:00 \|Boston, Massachusetts, United States \| `{{small|[[List of UFC Champions#Lightweight Championship|UFC Lightweight]] title eliminator.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 9--0 (1) \| Nate Diaz \| Decision (split) \| UFC Fight Night: Maynard vs. Diaz \| `{{dts|2010|January|11}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 3 \|align=center\| 5:00 \|Fairfax, Virginia, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 8--0 (1) \| Roger Huerta \| Decision (split) \| UFC Fight Night: Diaz vs. Guillard \| `{{dts|2009|September|16}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 3 \|align=center\| 5:00 \|Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 7--0 (1) \| Jim Miller \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 96 \| `{{dts|2009|March|7}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 3 \|align=center\| 5:00 \|Columbus, Ohio, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 6--0 (1) \| Rich Clementi \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 90 \| `{{dts|2008|October|25}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 3 \|align=center\| 5:00 \|Rosemont, Illinois, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 5--0 (1) \| Frankie Edgar \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC Fight Night: Florian vs. Lauzon \| `{{dts|2008|April|2}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 3 \|align=center\| 5:00 \|Broomfield, Colorado, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 4--0 (1) \| Dennis Siver \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC Fight Night: Swick vs. Burkman \| `{{dts|2008|January|23}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 3 \|align=center\| 5:00 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \|`{{small|Fight of the Night.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 3--0 (1) \| Joe Veres \| KO (punch) \| UFC Fight Night: Thomas vs. Florian \| `{{dts|2007|September|19}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 1 \|align=center\| 0:09 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| `{{nocontest}}`{=mediawiki} NC \|align=center\| 2--0 (1) \| Rob Emerson \| NC (double TKO) \| The Ultimate Fighter 5 Finale \| `{{dts|2007|June|23}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 2 \|align=center\| 2:39 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| `{{small|Fight of the Night.}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 2--0 \| Brent Weedman \| Decision (unanimous) \| WEF: Orleans Arena \| `{{dts|2006|June|10}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 3 \|align=center\| 5:00 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 1--0 \| Joshua Powell \| TKO (punches) \| Title Fighting Championships 1 \| `{{dts|2006|April|21}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 1 \|align=center\| 2:56 \|Des Moines, Iowa, United States \| `{{end}}`{=mediawiki}
### The Ultimate Fighter 5 {#the_ultimate_fighter_5}
\| `{{no2}}`{=mediawiki}Loss \|align=center\| 2--1 \| Nate Diaz \| Submission (guillotine choke) \| rowspan=3\|The Ultimate Fighter 5 \| \|align=center\| 2 \|align=center\| 1:17 \| rowspan=3\|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| `{{small|Semi-finals}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 2--0 \| Brandon Melendez \| Submission (guillotine choke) \| \|align=center\| 2 \|align=center\| 4:07 \| `{{small|Quarter-finals}}`{=mediawiki} \|- \| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 1--0 \| Wayne Weems \| TKO (punches) \| `{{dts|2007|January}}`{=mediawiki} \|align=center\| 1 \|align=center\| 2:47 \| `{{small| Preliminary bout}}`{=mediawiki} `{{end}}`{=mediawiki}
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# Gray Maynard
## Mixed martial arts record {#mixed_martial_arts_record}
### Amateur mixed martial arts record {#amateur_mixed_martial_arts_record}
\| `{{yes2}}`{=mediawiki}Win \|align=center\| 1--0 \| Evan Dunham \| Decision (Unanimous) \| SF (SportFight) 15 \| 8 April 2006 \|align=center\| 3 \|align=center\| 3:00 \| Oregon, United States \| `{{end}}`{=mediawiki}
## Pay-per-view bouts {#pay_per_view_bouts}
No. Fight Event City Venue PPV Buys
----- --------------------------- --------- ------------------- ------------------------ ----------
1\. **Edgar vs. Maynard 2** UFC 125 Las Vegas, Nevada MGM Grand Garden Arena 270,000
2\. **Maynard vs
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# Tai Tong
`{{Chinese
|t=大棠
|j=Daai6 tong4
|y=Daaih tòhng
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Tai Tong** is an area southwest of Shap Pat Heung, in Yuen Long District, in the northwestern part of Hong Kong.
**Tai Tong Tsuen** (大棠村) is located in the area.
## Administration
Tai Tong Tsuen is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.
## Features
Tai Tong has a mountain called Lychee mountain. It has been a prime spot for Hong Kong programs.
## Transport
There are 3 main roads connecting the 3 main sections of Tai Tong. Tai Tong Road, Kung Um Road and Tai Shu Ha Road North and West. Tai Shui Ha Section\'s only transportation is GMB route 73A (Yuen Long Fook Hong Street to Sung Shan Sun Tsuen) and GMB 73 (Long Ping ST. to Sung Shan Sun Tsuen). In the Kung Um Section, the only GMB line operating in the following section is route 39 (Fung Cheng Road to Kung Um Pak Sha). During rush hour, there are special departures of this following route which connects Kung Um Pak Sha to Yuen Long Station. In Tai Tong\'s Main section, Tai Tong Road, an RMB which connects Wong Nai Tun Tsuen to Hung Min Court (Near Citimall), operates here. There is another RMB line which connects Wong Nai Tun Tsuen to Yuen Long Station. There are also 3 MTRB lines and 1 KMB line which operate in this section, which are K66, K66A, K66S, and 68R. Route K66 connects Wong Nai Tun Tsuen to Long Ping Bus Terminus (Long Ping Estate) Via Long Ping Station. During Morning Rush hours, there are special departures of K66 which stops operation at Long Ping Station, and does not continue journey to Long Ping Bus Terminus. Route K66A and K66S only operates from late November to early January where there are extremely high demands of tourists visiting the Tai Tong Sweet Gum Woods. These two buses operate from Tai Tong Shan Road to Long Ping Station. K66A omits all stops from K66 except from the \"Tai Tong Roundabout\" Station, while K66S does not. Route 68R only operates 2 days of the year (December 24th and 25th) This route connects Yuen Long YOHO mall (Yuen Long Station) to Tai Tong Shan Road. There are no in between stops on this route.
## Education
Tai Tong Tsuen is in Primary One Admission (POA) School Net 73. Within the school net are multiple aided schools (operated independently but funded with government money) and one government school: South Yuen Long Government Primary School (南元朗官立小學)
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# Dunnington, East Riding of Yorkshire
**Dunnington** is a village in the civil parish of Bewholme, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 4 mi north-west of the town of Hornsea and 2 mi south-east of the village of Beeford.
Dunnington was formerly a township in the parish of Beeford, in 1866 Dunnington became a civil parish, on 1 April 1935 the parish was abolished to form Bewholme. In 1931 the parish had a population of 55
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# WBRN (AM)
**WBRN** (1460 AM) is a north American radio station broadcasting a news/talk format. Licensed to Big Rapids, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 1953.
WBRN formerly rebroadcast on FM translator **W299BE** at 107.7 MHz in Big Rapids, which made WBRN the first AM station in Michigan to add an FM translator. The March 2008 addition of W299BE had formerly simulcast sister station WYBR; it now carries WWBR.
WBRN carries a mostly syndicated talk radio format affiliated with the Premiere Networks talk lineup on weekdays (*Michigan\'s Big Show with Michael Patrick Shiels*, *The Rush Limbaugh Show*, *The Sean Hannity Show* and *Coast to Coast AM*) and Fox News Radio on weekends
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# Monolithic column
A **monolithic column** or **single-piece column** is a large column of which the shaft is made from a single piece of stone instead of in vertical sections. Smaller columns are very often made from single pieces of stone, but are less often described as monolithic, as the term is normally reserved for less common, larger columns made in this way. Choosing to use monolithic columns produces considerable extra difficulties in quarrying and transport, and may be seen as a statement of grandeur and importance in a building.
As an example of this level of choice, Shoghi Effendi cabled Bahá\'ís of the world in 1948 about the Shrine of the Báb on December 10, 1948:
> ` Convey to believers the joyful news of the safe delivery on Mt. Carmel of a consignment of thirty-two granite monolith columns, part of the initial shipment of material ordered for construction of the arcade of the Báb's Sepulcher, designed to envelop and preserve the sacred previous structure reared by 'Abdu'l-Bahá. Building operations are soon starting notwithstanding the difficulties of the present situation. I am supplicating the Almighty's guidance and sustaining grace for successive stages of an enterprise envisaged sixty years ago by Bahá'u'lláh, initiated by the Center of His Covenant, designed to culminate as contemplated by Him in erection of a superstructure to be crowned by a golden dome marking the consummation at the heart of the Mountain of God of the momentous undertaking born through the generating influence of the Will of the Founder of our beloved Faith, so dear to the heart of His blessed Son, and dedicated to the memory of the Martyr-Prophet, the immortal Herald of the Bahá'í Dispensation.`
The Shrine of the Báb\'s monolithic columns are made of rose granite from Baveno.
Monolithic columns are characteristic of Ancient Egyptian temples, and the examples in the portico of the Pantheon in Rome were also transported from Egypt. Byzantine churches in the Theodosian dynasty (379-457 AD) also show use of monolithic columns. Examples of single-piece columns have also been found in architecture from the Yucatán Peninsula.
In modern architecture, using concrete the situation is different, and the term is less likely to be used in this context
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# Samuel S. Cox
**Samuel Sullivan \"Sunset\" Cox** (September 30, 1824 -- September 10, 1889) was an American Congressman and diplomat. He represented both Ohio and New York in the United States House of Representatives and served as United States Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire.
During and before the American Civil War, Cox was a moderate member of the Copperhead faction, who supported peace with the South at any cost. He voted against the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. After moving to New York, he focused his advocacy on trade liberalization, civil service reform, and railroad regulation.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Samuel Sullivan Cox was born on September 30, 1824, in Zanesville, Ohio, to Ezekiel Taylor and Maria Matilda (née Sullivan) Cox.
### Family
Ezekiel Taylor Cox was a journalist and politician in Zanesville, descended from a prominent New Jersey family. His ancestors include Thomas Cox, one of the original proprietors of the Province of East New Jersey, Congressman James Cox, who fought for George Washington\'s Continental Army, and Joseph Borden, the founder of Bordentown, New Jersey. Ezekiel Cox was a cousin by marriage of U.S. Senator James J. Wilson. In politics, Ezekiel was an uncompromising Jacksonian Democrat.
Cox was named for his maternal grandfather, Samuel Sullivan. Samuel Sullivan served as Ohio Treasurer from 1820--23 and, like Ezekiel Cox, represented Zanesville in the Ohio State Senate.
At fourteen, Cox began serving as an assistant to his father, who was then clerk of the Ohio Supreme Court and of the Court of Common Pleas.
As a child, Cox was described by neighbors as \"bright, sunny, genial, fond of fun, sparkling with wit, always truthful, fearless, and generous, never hesitating to confess a fault of his own, and ever ready to defend the weak and oppressed.\" He was a star student and dreamed of traveling the world. Among his classmates at the academy in Zanesville were future Supreme Court Justice William Burnham Woods and geologist James M. Safford.
### Education
In 1842, Cox entered Ohio University at Athens, which was dominated by a rivalry between the locals and university students. In a memorable incident during his freshman year, the town won a court case against the university and Cox sabotaged a cannon scheduled to be fired in celebration. He soon became determined to leave Athens, which he referred to as a \"scaly vale of mud.\"
By 1844, he was re-enrolled at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. There, he joined the fraternity Delta Phi and delivered speeches in support of temperance and Fourierism and in opposition to abolition of slavery, once delivering a rebuttal to visiting lecturer Wendell Phillips.
The subject and manner of his speeches were sometimes controversial, and Cox had some difficulty fitting in with Yankee society. He wrote home, \"There are some monstrous mean fellows among the Yankees.\" In general, however, he was highly praised for his wit, work ethic, and energy. Among his friends were Franklin J. Dickman, James Burrill Angell, and future Chief Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court Thomas Durfee. He graduated in 1846 and returned to Ohio.
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# Samuel S. Cox
## Early career {#early_career}
### Legal career {#legal_career}
As a student, Cox read legal treatises in his spare time, including Blackstone\'s *Commentaries* and William Cruise\'s *Digest of the Laws of England Respecting Real Property*. Upon returning to Ohio, Cox continued his study of law, first in the offices of Judge C.W. Searle, and then with Judge Convers. In Judge Convers\'s office, Cox\'s fellow student was future Governor of Ohio George Hoadly. He completed his studies under Vachel Worthington in Cincinnati.
After admittance to the Ohio bar, Cox formed a partnership with George E. Pugh, who later represented Ohio in the U.S. Senate.
### Journalism
While on his honeymoon in Europe in 1851, Cox wrote \"A Buckeye Abroad,\" a collection of letters about his travels. It was greeted with praise, leading Cox to abandon the law for the field of journalism. In 1853, he purchased a controlling interest in the *Ohio Statesman*, a Democratic newspaper in Columbus, Ohio. He became its editor and engaged, as was typical of newspaper men of the time, in political activity.
As a young editor (and as an erstwhile writer at Brown), Cox expounded some of his political beliefs, including his opposition to the American System of the Whig Party and support for free trade.
### Entry to politics {#entry_to_politics}
In 1853, Ohio Democratic State Committee chairman Washington McLean resigned on the condition that Cox be his successor. As Party chair, Cox was tasked with managing the 1853 campaign of William Medill for Governor. Medill was elected by an overwhelming majority, launching Cox as a rising star in Ohio politics. He was summoned to meet President Franklin Pierce.
In 1855, Pierce offered Cox the position of Secretary of Legation at the Court of St. James\'s, but Cox declined and requested to join the legation to Peru. He set sail for Peru but fell ill, returned to the United States, and resigned his commission.
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# Samuel S. Cox
## U.S. Representative from Ohio {#u.s._representative_from_ohio}
In 1856, Cox accepted the Democratic nomination to represent the Columbus region in the U.S. House of Representatives. He narrowly defeated Republican Samuel Galloway to win the seat. In his first term, Cox chaired the committee on Revolutionary Claims.
On December 16, 1857, Cox delivered the maiden speech in the newly completed House chamber in the south wing of the Capitol building. The bold speech positioned Cox squarely as a supporter of Senator Stephen A. Douglas\'s \"popular sovereignty,\" as opposed to President James Buchanan and the proposed Lecompton constitution for Kansas. Cox\'s speech was credited as helping sink the Lecompton constitution and leading to the eventual admission of Kansas as a free state. Buchanan had his revenge by removing Cox\'s friend from the office of Postmaster of Columbus.
Cox was re-elected in 1858 by a slightly larger majority. He remained an opponent of the Buchanan administration and an ally of Senator Douglas amid growing sectional and political divide in Congress. In 1860, despite growing divisions and the election of Abraham Lincoln, Cox expanded his majority again, in a rematch with Galloway. As Southern states began to secede in the winter of 1860--61, Cox issued a plea for unity and caution. When Senator Douglas died in 1861, Cox delivered a eulogy to him in the House.
### Civil War {#civil_war}
Initially, Cox resolved to sustain the Lincoln administration \"in every constitutional endeavor to put down the rebellion.\" However, he opposed \"that abolition policy which sought to convert this holy war for the defence of the government and the union into a mere anti-slavery party war.\"
In 1862, Cox\'s already-Republican district was redrawn to become even more Republican, but he defeated Samuel Shellabarger by a small majority.
In 1863, Cox opposed the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution to abolish slavery, on the grounds that peace was near at hand and the amendment would scuttle negotiations. \"As slavery was already dead by the bullet, I figured it would be better to stop the bloodshed,\" he told a crowd seven years later. That mattered more than \"the mere empty, abstract ceremonial of burying the dead corpse of slavery.\"
In 1864, Cox took an active part in the campaign against Lincoln\'s re-election, denouncing Republicans for allegedly supporting miscegenation. He was defeated for reelection by Shellabarger in a landslide, largely by the vote of Union soldiers. Six weeks after he left Congress, the Civil War was over and President Lincoln was assassinated.
Despite his steadfast opposition to abolition efforts, Cox remained on positive terms with Lincoln months before his assassination and was praised in later years by Lincoln\'s Secretary of State William H. Seward as a member of the loyal opposition.
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# Samuel S. Cox
## U.S. Representative from New York {#u.s._representative_from_new_york}
After leaving Congress, Cox moved to New York City to return to the practice of law, in partnership with Charlton Thomas Lewis. Cox published memoirs of his time in Congress, titled *Eight Years in Congress*.
During the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson in the winter of 1867--68, Cox was summoned to Washington to lobby the decisive vote, Senator John B. Henderson of Missouri, against impeachment. Cox and Henderson were on close terms. Henderson did vote against impeachment, though Cox disclaimed any credit to his own influence.
### Reconstruction
In 1868, the Democratic Party selected Cox as the nominee for Congress to represent Greenwich Village, Chelsea, and the West Village. He won the general election in a landslide. Tammany Hall elected Cox to Congress in New York, and it kept him there, but he was never the subject of serious accusations of corruption. \"Mr. Cox is \... almost the only honest man I know who passed through a portion of the Tweed Ring period,\" another politician said later.
After a second trip to Europe, limited to the Mediterranean coast by his ill health, Cox returned to find Congress dominated by the issue of Reconstruction. Cox supported reconciliation with the South and the restoration of voting rights for Confederate veterans. In 1869, he introduced a general amnesty bill to this effect, but failed to achieve the necessary two-thirds majority by two votes.
In 1870, Cox defeated Horace Greeley, the editor of the *New York Tribune*, by 1,000 votes. Cox spent much of the next Congress in an effort to abolish the test oath system, which required all civil servants and military officers to swear they had not engaged in disloyal conduct during the War. The effort succeeded as to members of Congress but not other offices. A complete repeal of the test oath was not passed until 1884.
In 1872, Cox was nominated by a fusion ticket of Democrats and anti-Grant Republicans for U.S. Representative at-large. Horace Greeley, his opponent in 1870, was the ticket\'s presidential nominee, putting Cox in the unusual position of stumping for his most recent rival. Cox lost the election to Republican Lyman Tremain. In the lame duck session, Cox unsuccessfully opposed a salary increase for members of Congress and returned the excess salary (\$4,812) he received to the Treasury.
Soon after his departure from Congress, U.S. Representative James Brooks died, leaving a vacant seat along the East River, stretching from the Lower East Side to Murray Hill. Cox consented to be nominated in the special election, and won in a landslide. Ultimately, Cox did not miss a single day of the Congressional session. Along with Pennsylvania Representative Samuel J. Randall, he led the opposition to the civil rights for freedmen. He was returned to the House from a slightly redrawn Lower East Side district in a landslide in 1874.
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# Samuel S. Cox
## U.S. Representative from New York {#u.s._representative_from_new_york}
### House leadership {#house_leadership}
The 1874 House elections gave the Democrats their first post-War majority. Cox, who had been nominated for the position as a matter of party honors under Republican majorities, was one of three candidates for Speaker of the House. The other candidates were Samuel Randall and Michael C. Kerr. Cox drew enthusiastic support from the West and South, but ultimately finished third behind Kerr and Randall. As consolation and in recognition of his years of service, Cox was named Chairman of the powerful Committee on Banking and Currency in 1875.
Early in 1876, Speaker Kerr was seized with fatal illness and Cox served as acting Speaker on occasion. Cox was ultimately named Speaker *pro tem* on June 19. However, Cox left the capital to serve as a delegate to the 1876 Democratic National Convention, and Milton Sayler was chosen to fill the Speakership. When Cox returned, Sayler did not relinquish the chair. After Kerr\'s death, Randall was elected his successor in the 45th Congress and Cox was additionally placed at the head of the committee on the Tenth Census. In the contested election of 1876, Cox loyally supported Democrat Samuel Tilden over Rutherford B. Hayes and implicitly gave his support to a special committee bill to investigate irregularities in Hayes states, but gave a speech urging the House to accept Hayes as the victor.
In 1881, Cox took an extended global trip. He first visited London, attending the funeral of Benjamin Disraeli and the House of Commons, where the debate over the Bradlaugh case further reinforced his opposition to the test oath. Later, he traveled to Constantinople and Jerusalem. Cox was in Tarsus when he learned of the assassination of President James A. Garfield via telegram.
Upon his return to the United States, Cox became active in the movements for civil service reform and restrictions on foreign contract labor.
## U.S. Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire {#u.s._ambassador_to_the_ottoman_empire}
In 1884, New York Governor Grover Cleveland was elected President, the first Democrat since Buchanan. In May 1885, Cleveland nominated Cox as ambassador to the Ottoman Empire. Cox resigned his seat to accept appointment, citing the frantic pace of Congress and his continued minor role. Before departing for Constantinople, he published a second memoir, *Three Decades of Federal Legislation*.
Arriving in Constantinople on August 1, Cox was received by the Sultan\'s Foreign Minister. Cox spent much of his time touring the eastern Mediterranean, including the Nile River and Princes\' Islands.
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# Samuel S. Cox
## Return to Congress {#return_to_congress}
After serving for a year as Minister, Cox resigned in 1886, citing homesickness and a desire to return to domestic politics. He ran for Congress to fill the vacant seat left by Joseph Pulitzer, once again representing the Lower East Side (specifically the area known today as Alphabet City). He had, once again, missed a minimal amount of Congressional service, and Representative Cummings claimed that Cox was thus the first man elected twice to the same Congress (the 49th).
During his last term, he was chairman of the House Democratic Caucus and once again served as chair of the Census Committee. He actively supported measures to irrigate the western United States, drawing on desert aridity he had witnessed as Minister. He broke with his party in supporting the annexation of new Western states in 1889.
In 1888, Cox declined to run for Mayor of New York. He ran instead for Congress and won. However, he died before the 51st Congress met.
## Politics and legacy {#politics_and_legacy}
Cox was an advocate against the persecution of the Jews worldwide and in Russia and Germany in particular and of the Irish, working to free Irish prisoners of England. He advocated for the annexation of Cuba as early as 1859.
He was a backer of the Life Saving Service, later merged into the United States Coast Guard. He was also known as the \"letter carriers\' friend\" because of his support for paid benefits and a 40-hour work week for U.S. Post Office employees. In 1891, grateful postal workers raised \$10,000 to erect a statue of Cox by sculptor Louise Lawson in New York City. It was originally placed near his home on East 12th Street but was later moved to its present location in Tompkins Square Park. It depicts Cox orating and has been criticized as a poor likeness. The statue became controversial in 2020.
Cox wrote several books including *Why We Laugh,* *A Buckeye Abroad* (1852), *Eight years in Congress, from 1857 to 1865* (1865) and *Three Decades of Federal Legislation, 1855-1885* (1885). His colleagues appreciated him most for his ready sense of humor, usually gentle rather than cutting. Indeed, some of them thought that his joking quality may have kept him from becoming Speaker of the House, because, for all his hard work and studious habits, he was not taken seriously. \"In his political action he seemed more anxious to annoy his opponents than to extinguish them,\" Congressman George S. Boutwell of Massachusetts wrote, in a typical dismissal. \"His speeches were short, pointed and entertaining. He was a favorite with the House, but his influence upon its action was very slight. Those who acquire and retain power are the earnest and persistent men. When Cox had made his speech and expended his jokes he was content. The fate of a measure did not much disturb or even concern him.\" Cox once whimsically suggested that those supporting a high protective tariff duty on foreign coal should likewise lay a heavy duty on the sun, as a dangerous competitor in warming people up.
Others who served longer with him realized that Cox also had the grit and parliamentary skill to make a formidable adversary in debate. Speaker of the House Thomas Brackett Reed said, \"in action he was a whole skirmish line, and has covered more movements of the Democratic party, and led it out of more parliamentary pitfalls than any of its orators and all its leaders put together.\"
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Cox married Julia A. Buckingham on October 11, 1849. The two first met aboard a stage coach on Cox\'s way to Brown and became reacquainted upon his return to Zanesville as a lawyer. They honeymooned in Europe from May to September 1851 and saw the Great Exhibition. Julia wrote many of his speeches.
Cox\'s nickname \"Sunset\" came from a florid description of a \"stormful sunset\" he wrote as a young editor at the *Ohio Statesman*, on May 19, 1853. The sobriquet was used by some to insinuate Cox was a chronic exaggerator. James H. Baker, then the editor of the *Scioto Gazette*, a Whig newspaper in Chillicothe, gave him the title \"by reason of a highly wrought and sophomoric editorial on a flaming sunset after a great storm.\"
Cox was an avid traveler and kept detailed accounts of his trips abroad
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# Pool Meadow Bus Station
**Pool Meadow Bus Station** is a bus station in the city of Coventry, England. It is managed by Transport for West Midlands. Local bus and national coach services operated by various companies serve the bus station which has 19 departure stands. 52.410365 N 1.506999 W display=title National Express Coventry has its depot adjacent to the bus station. The bus station is located at the opposite side of city centre to Coventry railway station. It can be reached by a short walk or by a regular bus service.
A bus station has occupied the site since 1931 but the present building opened in 1994, work having begun on its construction in 1993. It replaced simple rows of bus shelters - initially installed as a temporary measure in the early 1960s which eventually stood for thirty years.
There are 19 departure stands, each labelled using letters between A and U. The first three stands are used for National Express Coaches services, the remaining for city scheduled bus services. Stand D is used for Megabus who started using the station on 22 May 2017. Thandi and New Bharat also use the station on stands B and C. Electronic timetable displays are in use at most of these stands, as well as at the entrances to the bus station having been installed on 8 September 2008.
## Bus operator fees {#bus_operator_fees}
Transport for West Midlands charge a fee to bus companies every time they use the bus station. Stagecoach in Warwickshire believes the fee is too high and have as a result excluded their commercial bus routes from serving the bus station.
## Millennium Place {#millennium_place}
From 9 June 2002 to 1 April 2006 the development of the nearby Millennium Place traffic-free public square which intersects the Fairfax Street/Hales Street/Trinity Street junction had effectively \"cut off\" access between the bus station and the rest of the City Centre and only a few bus routes served the bus station as a result, it became regarded as a white elephant and was threatened with closure. On 2 April 2006 a controversial bus only link road cutting across Millennium Place was opened allowing many bus routes to start using the bus station again and protect its future, at this point National Express Coventry committed more bus services to the bus station than in the period prior to 9 June 2002.
## Improvements
On 5 February 2013 a new access route into the bus station from White Street/Hales Street between the old fire station and junction two of the ring road was opened, at a cost of £284,000. Construction began eight weeks beforehand on 15 December 2012. It is expected that a stop on the Coventry Very Light Rail tram system will be located there, linking it with the railway station and University Hospital Coventry
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# Graeme Lamb
Lieutenant General **Sir Graeme Cameron Maxwell Lamb**, `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KBE|CMG|DSO}}`{=mediawiki} (born 21 May 1953) is a retired British Army officer. He is a former Commander of the Field Army at Land Command, known for his contributions to counter-insurgency.
## Military career {#military_career}
Educated at Rannoch School and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Lamb was commissioned into the Queen\'s Own Highlanders as a second lieutenant on 8 March 1973. He has served in Northern Ireland and in various theatres of war, including Bosnia.
Lamb was promoted lieutenant on 8 September 1974, captain on 8 March 1979, and in 1981 he was Mentioned in Despatches for service in Northern Ireland. In the 1988 Birthday Honours he was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire. He was promoted lieutenant colonel on 30 December 1990 (with seniority from 30 June 1990), and commanded the 1st Battalion the Queen\'s Own Highlanders from 1991 to 1993. On 26 April 1994 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his service in the Gulf War in 1991, and was awarded a Queen\'s Commendation for Valuable Service for operational service in Northern Ireland in 1993. He was promoted colonel on 30 June 1994, and brigadier on 30 June 1996, when he was appointed commander of the 5th Airborne Brigade. He then went on to join the staff of the Joint Services Command and Staff College. From 2001 to 2003 he served as Director Special Forces.
In the 2003 Birthday Honours, Lamb was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. On 2 July 2003 he was appointed General Officer Commanding 3rd (UK) Mechanised Division and promoted to major general. The formation deployed to Iraq, for the Iraq War. For his service in Iraq, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order on 23 April 2004.
In 2005 Lamb became Director-General, Training Support and on 7 September 2006 he was deployed as Senior British Military Representative and Deputy Commanding General, Multinational Force, Iraq and promoted to lieutenant general. In relation to this role, Lamb gave evidence to The Iraq Inquiry on 9 December 2009, in which he spoke of the shortcomings of the Coalition Provisional Authority. He became Commander Field Army on 19 October 2007, and on 6 November received the honorary appointment of Colonel Commandant, Small Arms School Corps. He was advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 2009 New Year Honours. In 2009 he was appointed Officer of the Legion of Merit of the United States for his service in Iraq.
Lamb stepped down as Commander, Field Army on 6 July 2009, to be succeeded by Barney White-Spunner. In August 2009 it was reported that he would be heading for Afghanistan at the direct request of General David Petraeus of the United States Army to head a programme designed to repeat the success of Lamb\'s efforts in Iraq, whereby insurgents were persuaded to give up their arms. Lamb has described how US General Stanley A. McChrystal convinced him to join his team over dinner in Arlington County, Virginia. By late October 2009 he had arrived in Afghanistan. He stepped down as Colonel Commandant of the Small Arms School Corps on 13 November 2009, and officially retired from the British Army the following day, retaining a commission in the Reserve of Officers.
## Post-retirement {#post_retirement}
Lamb again joined General Stan McChrystal lecturing for the course, Gateway to Global Affairs, at Yale University in 2011.
Lamb serves as a \"special adviser\" to strategic advisory firm G3 and as director to private military company Aegis Defence Services. In March 2012, it emerged that Lamb\'s company G3 had earlier received a £1.5 million contract from the government of Bahrain for \"a media campaign to support the Kingdom of Bahrain\'s stance before the international community.\" This led to allegations that Lamb may have been paid to praise Bahrain\'s government in public comments and written columns during the Bahraini uprising.
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# Graeme Lamb
## Interests
Lamb represented Sandhurst at modern pentathlon; won the army bobsleigh championship in 1975, also coming fifth in the British national championship and 31st in the Nations Cup; and is chairman of the army snowboarding association. Lamb has been described as being \"obsessively fit\" and craving \"adrenalin\".
## Personality
A \"particularly aggressive general\", Lamb is said to have a \"reputation for toughness\" and enjoys an \"easy way with soldiers\" and a certain \"mystique\". Although known for his \"blasphemous plain speaking\" and a dislike of overly intellectual ideas, friends have declared that what he most values is clarity and robustness of thought. Lamb is well known for having achieved very close working relationships with various U.S. commanders, including McChrystal.
## Counter-insurgency {#counter_insurgency}
Lamb has been credited with having exercised substantial influence over the evolution of counter-insurgency in Iraq from 2006 onwards. Recent contemporary histories of Iraq paint a favourable impression of Lamb as Senior British Military Representative (Iraq), suggesting that Lamb, influenced by his experiences in Northern Ireland, convinced his U.S. colleagues to adopt the principle of \"limited war\" --- a process requiring \"patience, subtlety, and a willingness to accept that Iraqis\' own proclivities were going to drive much of the war\'s outcome\", leading to Lamb\'s own \"strategic engagement initiative\' of 2006--7. Lamb\'s departure in July 2007 left \"a tremendous gap in the command\'s institutional memory\".
As part of limited war, Lamb has emphasised the importance of precision in the use of force; he is cited as inventing the \"inverse ink-spot\", which reverses the traditional ink- or oil-spot approach to counter-insurgency by attacking the middle-ranks of an insurgency movement. Other phrases associated with Lamb include the terms \"reconcilable\" and \"irreconcilable\", as more complex alternatives to \"enemy\" or \"insurgent\"; and the concept of a \"squeeze box\" to describe the effect of the pressure on ordinary Iraqis from extremists on both sides of the Shi\'a and Sunni divide.
Lamb has always acknowledged the importance of targeted force in warfare; Lamb has been quoted as describing McChrystal\'s forces in Iraq as being \"absolutely essential to setting the conditions that allowed the Awakening to move forward\". Nonetheless, he has also stressed the importance of timing in the final outreach process. Lamb is quoted as suggesting that the timing of his strategic engagement initiative in Iraq was critical, stating that if \"we tried to do it in mid-2004, it would have crashed and burned\... \[b\]ecause at the end of the day, people hadn't exercised their revenge. They hadn't stood at the edge of the abyss and looked into it.\" In a similar vein, Lamb has stated that \"certain things were possible in 2006 that would not have been possible in 2004 or 2005\". Interviews in 2009 with Lamb have led to him being labelled as a pragmatist in terms of tribal engagement; he has noted that \"\...given the difficulties we were facing, the absolute inability of the Iraqis to cope themselves, and a violent insurgency that was approaching the tipping point, we really didn\'t feel we had much choice
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# Caucasus Viceroyalty (1785–1796)
The **Caucasus Viceroyalty** (*Кавказское наместничество*) was established in 1785 by Catherine the Great by combining the Astrakhan Governorate and the Caucasus Governorate. It was abolished by Paul I in 1796
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# Charles A. Talcott
**Charles Andrew Talcott** (June 10, 1857 -- February 27, 1920) was an American politician who served one term as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from New York from 1913 to 1915.
## Biography
Talcott was born in Oswego, New York. He graduated from Princeton University in 1879. He was mayor of Utica, New York from 1902 until 1906.
### Congress
He was elected to Congress in 1910 and served from March 4, 1911, until March 3, 1915.
### Death and burial {#death_and_burial}
He died in Utica and was interred in Forest Hill Cemetery
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11,043,094 |
# Kjell Albin Abrahamson
**Kjell Albin Abrahamson** (23 June 1945 -- 22 September 2016) was a Swedish journalist and author. He served as Swedish National Radio\'s senior correspondent to Warsaw, Poland, a position he previously held in Moscow, USSR (1986--1990); twice in Vienna, Austria (1990--1994 and 2001--2004); and once before in Warsaw (1994--1997). He also wrote for *Sydsvenska Dagbladet* and op-ed pieces for *Länstidningen* of Östersund.
Abrahamson has written a number of initiated books about the transitional characteristics of Eastern Europe and Russia. After the assassination of the Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya, Abrahamson blamed the Russian President Vladimir Putin, naming him \"Gasputin\" (an obvious mockery of the president, Gazprom, and the Russian mystic Grigori Rasputin), concluding: \"With oil and gas, (Putin) has succeeded, where the Soviet Union -- despite having nuclear weapons -- failed\".
Abrahamson suffered a stroke and died in Gdynia, Poland on 22 September 2016
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