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# Trade study
A **trade study** or **trade-off study**, also known as a **figure of merit analysis** or a **factor of merit analysis**, is the activity of a multidisciplinary team to identify the most balanced technical solutions among a set of proposed viable solutions (FAA 2006). These viable solutions are judged by their satisfaction of a series of measures or cost functions. These measures describe the desirable characteristics of a solution. They may be conflicting or even mutually exclusive. Trade studies are commonly used in the design of aerospace and automotive vehicles and the software selection process (Phillips et al. 2002) to find the configuration that best meets conflicting performance requirements.
The measures are dependent on variables that characterize the different potential solutions. If the system can be characterized by a set of equations, one can write the definition of the trade study problem as: Find the set of variables, x~i~, that give the best overall satisfaction to the measures:
- T~1~ = f~1~(x~1~, x~2~, x~3~\.....)
- T~2~ = f~2~(x~1~, x~2~, x~3~\.....)
- T~3~ = f~3~(x~1~, x~2~, x~3~\.....)
-
- T~N~ = f~N~(x~1~, x~2~, x~3~\.....)
Where T~j~ is a target value and f(\...) denotes some functional relationship among the variables. Further, the equality between the target and the function may be a richer relationship, as will be developed below. If the equations are linear, as in the production volume example used as a starting point below, then this problem is solvable using linear programming techniques. Generally, one or more of the targets is not fixed at a specific value, and it is desired to make these T values as large or small as possible. These are generally referred to as cost functions, and the other measures are treated as constraints.
If the situation was as described above, formal optimization or linear programming methods would work totally. However, in practice, needed information is:
- Uncertain
- Evolving - new information is being developed that affects the trades
- Both qualitative and quantitative
- Comes from conflicting sources - in systems engineering, many people have some of the information needed; no one person has it all.
- The best choice comes from a team, building a shared mental model of the situation
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# Mark Boslough
**Mark Boslough** is an American physicist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, research professor at University of New Mexico, fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, and chair of the Asteroid Day Expert Panel. He is an expert in the study of planetary impacts and global catastrophes. Due to his work in this field, Asteroid 73520 Boslough (2003 MB1) was named in his honor.
## Background and education {#background_and_education}
Boslough grew up in Broomfield, Colorado. He holds a B.S. in physics at Colorado State University, and an MS and PhD in applied physics at the California Institute of Technology.
## Scientific career {#scientific_career}
An expert on planetary impacts and global catastrophes, Boslough\'s work on airbursts challenged the conventional view of asteroid collision risk and is now widely accepted by the scientific community. He was the first scientist to suggest that the Libyan Desert Glass was formed by melting due to overhead heating from an airburst. His hypothesis was popularized by the documentaries \"Tutunkhamun\'s Fireball\" (BBC), (recipient of Discover Magazine\'s Top 100 Science Stories of 2006) and National Geographic\'s \"Ancient Asteroid\". Footage from the documentaries has been used to describe the controversial notion that a large airburst over North America caused an abrupt climate change mass extinction. However, Boslough has been a leading critic of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis, arguing among other things that the proponents have misinterpreted his airburst models. He appeared as a skeptic on the \"Last Extinction\" *Nova*, (recipient of AAAS Kavli award for best science documentary of 2009).
In 2011, he presented a paper at the IAA Planetary Defense Conference in Bucharest, Romania, in which he stated, \"It is virtually certain (probability \> 99%) that the next destructive NEO event will be an airburst.\" This prediction proved true less than two years later, on Feb. 15, 2013, when an airburst over Chelyabinsk, Russia injured more than 1000 people. Boslough was among the first western scientists to arrive in Chelyabinsk, where he did field research and accompanied a production crew filming Meteor Strike for *Nova*. Most of the documentaries are focused on his impact and airburst modeling.
In February 2011, it was announced that Boslough had been elected a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.
In 2014, Boslough delivered a major address on \"death plunge\" asteroids that can pose a sudden danger to Earth at the second Starmus Festival in the Canary Islands. Also in 2014 he talks about his interest in asteroids to Toni Feder of Physics Today: \"In his childhood home in Colorado, says Boslough, \"there was a left-brain right-brain thing going on, with fiction and nonfiction in the same household.\"
In recognition of Boslough\'s work in the field of planetary impacts and global catastrophes, Asteroid 73520 Boslough (2003 MB1) was named in his honor.
### Scientific skepticism {#scientific_skepticism}
Boslough is a vocal critic of pseudoscience and anti-science and has written about climate change denial in the Skeptical Inquirer in reference to \"Climategate\" conspiracy theories. He is also active in uncovering scientific misconduct.
### Humor
An advocate of using humor to defend science, he once published an essay as an April Fool\'s Day joke in the April, 1998 issue of the New Mexicans for Science and Reason newsletter to poke fun at New Mexico\'s legislature for attempting to require schools to teach creationism. He wrote that the Alabama state legislature had voted to change the value of the mathematical constant pi from 3.14159 to the \'Biblical value\' of 3.0. The article was posted on a newsgroup and passed around to people via email, causing an outrage. When people started calling the Alabama legislature to protest, the joke was revealed. National Geographic News highlighted Boslough\'s story when it compiled a list of \"some of the more memorable hoaxes in recent history.\" It was elevated by the Museum of Hoaxes to number seven on its \"Top 100 April Fools Hoaxes of All Time\" list. It eventually took on a new existence as an urban legend and has had to be debunked by Snopes.
He also demonstrated that emailed lists of \"Darwin Awards\" include fake stories. After receiving an annual list of unfortunate deaths at the end of 1998, he fabricated his own over-the-top fictional Darwin Award recipient, appended it, and forwarded the list to his friends. That story also went viral, was printed as an actual event by the Denver Post, leading to another debunking by Snopes.
## Political career {#political_career}
In a tweet on March 13, 2018, Boslough announced he was a candidate for the New Mexico House of Representatives, challenging the incumbent William Rehm. Boslough lost the primary election to the incumbent william Rehm, 1,509 to 288 (84% to 16%).
### Private property rights {#private_property_rights}
Boslough is an advocate of laws to reform the 19th-century law known as RS 2477 to prevent it from being used to take private property for public use. His fight turned into a prolonged battle with off-road clubs pulling out boulders and seedlings that Boslough used to try and restore his property. He also received verbal and physical threats before he successfully defended a lawsuit (Ramey v. Boslough) in which the ownership of a four-wheel-drive road across his Colorado property was challenged by a plaintiff who was backed by off-road recreation interests. He used this experience to argue that the \"right to radiate\" is a prescriptive private property right, and that carbon polluters must compensate individuals for degrading their personal cooling capacity
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# Joel B. Wolowelsky
**Joel B. Wolowelsky** (b. 1945) is a Modern Orthodox thinker and author. He was the dean of faculty at the Yeshivah of Flatbush high school, where he taught Ethics and mathematics. He has written extensively on topics pertaining to the role of women in Judaism and Jewish medical ethics. He served as Associate Editor of *Tradition, the Journal of Jewish Thought*, and The Young One, published by the Rabbinical Council of America, the *Tora u-Madda Journal* published by Yeshiva University, and *MeOtzer HoRav: Selected Writings of Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik*. He retired in June 2023 and moved to Jerusalem in July.
## Education and career {#education_and_career}
- Wolowelsky earned his Bachelor of Science degree from Brooklyn College in 1967, and his MS at Yeshiva University in 1969 and his doctorate in philosophy at New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education and Human Development in 1979.
He served as chairman of advanced placement studies at Yeshivah of Flatbush.
Wolowelsky is on the advisory boards of the Lookstein Center for Jewish Education at Bar-Ilan University, the Boston Initiative for Excellence in Jewish Day Schools, and the Pardes Educators Program in Jerusalem.
He retired in 2023 after 55 years at the Yeshivah of Flatbush and made aliyah to Jerusalem.
## Awards
- Yeshiva University Lifetime Achievement Award in Jewish Education (2010)
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- [Sliffe Award for Distinguished Teaching of Mathematics on the High School Level](https://maa.org/edyth-may-sliffe-awards/), Mathematical Association of America (1992)
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```
- [Advanced Placement Program Outstanding Teacher Award](https://alumnimagazine.nyu.edu/issue09/pdf/NYU9
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# Isaac Alfa
**Isaac Mohammed Alfa** `{{IPAc-en||audio=Yo-Isaac Mohammed Alfa.ogg}}`{=mediawiki} (born 15 September 1950 in Inye, Kogi State, Nigeria) is a retired Nigerian Air Force Air Marshal, former Chief of Air Staff, and Senator from Kogi State.
In 2003 he contested the governorship of Kogi State. In July 2016, he was elected to the Senate of Nigeria, for the Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Kogi. However on 10 January 2017 an Appeal court sitting in Abuja, Nigeria wrongly asked Alfa to vacate his seat for Atai Aidoko Ali as a senator representing Kogi East Senatorial. However, after a successful court case Isaac Alfa returned to the senatorial role after Aidoko was denied by the supreme court.
With only four months left to the end of the tenure, Alfa\'s achievements should not have gone unnoticed. Alfa shed light on the capabilities of Kogi as an oil-producing state, fertile for maritime activity. Alfa\'s military background presented the opportunity to convene a committee introspective of security bills. However, due to the ulterior motives of the senate house, national security was less than a concern
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# Meitetsu Kakamigahara Line
The `{{nihongo|'''Meitetsu Kakamigahara Line'''|名鉄各務原線|Meitetsu Kakamigahara-sen}}`{=mediawiki} is a 17.7 km railway line in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Meitetsu (Nagoya Railroad), connecting Meitetsu-Gifu station in the city of Gifu with Shin-Unuma station in Kakamigahara.
## Stations
● L: `{{nihongo|Local|普通|futsū}}`{=mediawiki}\
● E: `{{nihongo|Express|急行|kyūkō}}`{=mediawiki}\
● R: `{{nihongo|Rapid Express|快速急行|kaisoku kyūkō}}`{=mediawiki}\
● MU: `{{nihongo|μSKY Limited Express|ミュースカイ|myū sukai}}`{=mediawiki}
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th><p>No.</p></th>
<th><p>Name</p></th>
<th><p>Japanese</p></th>
<th><p>Distance (km)</p></th>
<th width="15px"><p>L</p></th>
<th width="15px"><p>E</p></th>
<th width="15px"><p>R</p></th>
<th width="15px"><p>MU</p></th>
<th><p>Transfers</p></th>
<th><p>Location</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>Meitetsu Gifu</p></td>
<td><p>名鉄岐阜</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>0.0</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: deepskyblue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: blue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td></td>
<td><p>■ Meitetsu Nagoya Line<br />
Tōkaidō Main Line, Takayama Main Line (via Gifu)</p></td>
<td rowspan="6"><p>Gifu</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p>Tagami</p></td>
<td><p>田神</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>1.1</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>Hosobata</p></td>
<td><p>細畑</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>2.9</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p>Kiridōshi</p></td>
<td><p>切通</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>3.9</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: deepskyblue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: blue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>Tejikara</p></td>
<td><p>手力</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>4.8</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p>Takada-bashi</p></td>
<td><p>|高田橋</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>5.4</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>Shin Kanō</p></td>
<td><p>新加納</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>6.6</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td rowspan="12"><p>Kakamigahara</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p>Shin Naka</p></td>
<td><p>新那加</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>7.5</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: deepskyblue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: blue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>Shiminkōen-mae</p></td>
<td><p>市民公園</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>8.1</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p>Kakamigahara-shiyakusho-mae</p></td>
<td><p>各務原市役所前</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>8.7</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: deepskyblue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: blue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>Rokken</p></td>
<td><p>六軒</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>9.9</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: deepskyblue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: blue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p>Mikakino</p></td>
<td><p>三柿野</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>11.2</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: deepskyblue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: blue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: red;"><p>●</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>Nijikken</p></td>
<td><p>二十軒</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>12.4</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p>Meiden Kakamigahara</p></td>
<td><p>名電各務原</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>13.7</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: deepskyblue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: blue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td><p>Takayama Main Line (via Kagamigahara)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>Ogase</p></td>
<td><p>苧ヶ瀬</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>14.6</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p>Haba</p></td>
<td><p>羽場</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>15.5</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td></td>
<td><p>Unumajuku</p></td>
<td><p>鵜沼宿</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>16.5</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>|</p></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td></td>
<td><p>Shin Unuma</p></td>
<td><p>新鵜沼</p></td>
<td style="text-align: right;"><p>17.6</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: deepskyblue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: blue;"><p>●</p></td>
<td style="text-align: center; color: red;"><p>●</p></td>
<td><p>■ Meitetsu Inuyama Line<br />
Takayama Main Line (via Unuma)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
## History
The line was opened between 1926 and 1927 by the Mino Electric Railway, electrified at 600 V DC. The company merged with Meitetsu in 1935. The Gifu to Ogase section was double-tracked between 1938 and 1942, with the Ogase to Shin-Unuma section being double-tracked in 1964, the same year the voltage was increased to 1,500 V DC, enabling the maximum speed on the line to be raised from 65 km/h to 85 km/h.
### Former connecting lines {#former_connecting_lines}
A 1 km line branched off at Tagami Station, providing a connection to the Gifu Tram network (which was also 1,067 mm gauge) operated between 1970 and 2005 (when the tram system closed). It changed voltage (with a short dead section) to 600 V DC at the Keirinjo-mae end of the line
| 660 |
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| 0 |
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# Police notebook
A **pocket notebook** or **PNB** is a notebook used by police officers in the United Kingdom to officially record details and incidents while on patrol. Its use is controlled by a number of guidelines, as information entered into an officer\'s PNB is admissible in court, and the officer will use it to refresh their memory while giving evidence, and to support their statements. Some forces have replaced paper PNB\'s for ePNB\'s; these are electronic versions on Police Smart Phones.
## Procedure
Not all police officers are required to use PNBs; those in administrative roles (aside from those working in offices open to public enquiries) are not required to maintain them. Nor are officers working on custody stations, or those involved in training. Intelligence officers, control room staff, and officers who hold the rank of Superintendent or Chief Superintendent are all exempt from maintaining a PNB.
Each PNB is issued to an officer by a supervisor, and they are each marked by a particular code which is logged next to that officer\'s name. A replacement PNB can only be given when the old has been examined and marked correctly, and as well as their current PNB, an officer is also required to keep the two most recent PNBs.
## Technique
While the guidelines for maintaining a PNB will differ from force to force, there are several common policies on using the notebooks. In the United Kingdom the use of the PNBs is dictated by the 2000 Freedom of Information Act. All PNBs are subject to the same rules of disclosure as other confidential documents, and must contain everything deemed relevant to police work. Each new entry is marked with the day and date in capital letters, and is ended with a line covering the entire width of the page, along with the officer\'s signature. No information may be removed, and all corrections must be made by striking the incorrect entry with a line and the correct entry should be inserted with the officer\'s initials. Time is required to be written in 24-hour style, and any gaps left at the end of a line must be filled by a horizontal line to show that the gap was not created by the removal of a word. Many forces also require directly quoted speech to be written in capitals.
When an officer needs to record information in their notebook the following are required by several forces:
- Time of day
- Exact or approximate location
- Offence or occurrence
- Names and addresses of offenders, victims or witnesses
- Action taken by the officer involved (e.g. arrests).
- *Some forces require the officer to write down what they said during the incident.*
## Equipment
Police notebooks are carried in a variety of ways, and several pieces of equipment are available which police officers may use to hold their PNBs and other papers they need while on patrol. Police notebooks themselves also have to stand up to harsh environments such as wind and rain. Therefore, the paper used is usually waterproof and untearable
| 511 |
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| 0 |
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# Frances Hoggan
**Frances Elizabeth Hoggan** (*née* **Morgan**; 20 December 1843 -- 5 February 1927) was a Welsh doctor and in 1870 became the first woman from the UK to receive a doctorate in medicine from any university in Europe. She was a pioneering medical practitioner, researcher and social reformer -- and the first female doctor to be registered in Wales. She and her husband opened the first husband-and-wife medical practice in Britain. She was honoured with Wales\' 11th Purple Plaque in her birth-town of Brecon in March 2023.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Frances Hoggan was born in Brecon, Wales, where her father, Richard Morgan, was a curate. She was brought up and educated at Cowbridge in Glamorgan and later at Windsor. During her teens, she gave birth to an illegitimate daughter, who was brought up with her mother and passed off as Frances\' sister. She went on to study at Paris and Düsseldorf.
Upon the exclusion of women by the Council of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries from its professional exams in 1867, Morgan sought her medical education at the University of Zurich, whence Nadezhda Suslova, Russia\'s first woman physician, had received her degree in December 1867. There, Morgan completed the medical course in three years rather than the expected five, and in March 1870, became only the second woman to gain an MD (with a thesis on progressive muscular atrophy) at Zürich University. Afterwards, at a clinic in Vienna she undertook study on operative midwifery and became a pupil of surgeon Gustav Braun.
She obtained her medical doctorate from the University of Zurich in March 1870, completing the six-year course in three years, becoming the first British woman to obtain a European MD degree.
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| 0 |
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# Frances Hoggan
## Career
Following her graduation, Frances did post-graduate work at top medical schools in Vienna, Prague and Paris before returning to Britain. She spent several years as a medical practitioner working with Elizabeth Garrett Anderson at the New Hospital for Women in London. She also helped to found the National Health Society with Elizabeth Blackwell in 1871. Its purpose was to \"promote health amongst all classes of the population.\"
In 1874, she married Dr George Hoggan. She obtained her licence to practice in the UK from The King\'s and Queen\'s College of Physicians of Ireland in February 1877.
Together with her husband, she opened the first husband-and-wife general medical practice in the UK. They both wrote medical research papers over the next decade, some of which were co-authored.
In 1882, she called for a publicly funded women\'s medical service for female patients in India. This helped pave the way for the Dufferin Fund. In the same year she became medical superintendent at the North London Collegiate School, one of the first rigorously academic secondary schools for girls. She held this role for six years.
She wrote a paper, in 1884, called \'The Position of the Mother of the Family\', using the latest understanding about conception and reproduction to argue that mothers should have more rights over their children.
Frances and her husband George were anti-vivisectionists and opponents of compulsory vaccination. In an article for the *Vaccination Inquirer* in September 1883 they both argued against compulsory vaccination. Frances\' husband George became ill in 1885 and the couple moved to the south of France. George died of a cerebral tumour in 1891.
Hoggan became a campaigner and social reformer, and toured the United States lecturing. She had a particular interest in racial issues, and was a speaker at the Universal Race Congress in London in 1911.
## Death and legacy {#death_and_legacy}
Frances died in 1927. Her cremated remains are buried, with her husband\'s, in Woking cemetery.
The Learned Society of Wales awards the *Frances Hoggan Medal* to outstanding women connected with Wales in the areas of science, medicine, engineering, technology or mathematics.
On 3 March 2023 a plaque was placed at the birthplace in Brecon to celebrate Hoggan, with Wales\' 11th purple plaque placed to celebrate remarkable women in Wales. Welsh government\'s social justice minister, Jane Hutt, said she hoped the plaque would \"make sure her name is elevated to the status she deserves\"
| 405 |
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| 1 |
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# Fort Howard Veterans Hospital
**Fort Howard Veterans Hospital** is an abandoned hospital in Fort Howard, Maryland, located at the end of North Point Road. It occupies part of the grounds of Fort Howard, an early fortification protecting Baltimore harbor.
## History
The Fort Howard Veterans Hospital sat on the site of Fort Howard, a site that saw military action dating back to the War of 1812 when the British landed thousands of men there as the precursor to the Battle of Baltimore. In August 1940 the Veterans Administration (VA) acquired the title to the fort, and began moving operations there in January 1941. When the VA took over the site, the Medical Corps building was renovated to be the nurses' home, infirmary, and attendants' quarters. From 1925 to 1928 that nurses\' home was the headquarters of General Douglas MacArthur. The hospital officially opened for patient care in 1943.
Starting in 1958, the hospital was a major health services research site in the VA\'s early effort to increase care and efficiency in its hospital system in what became known as the Fort Howard Program. The program was the initiation of the Health Services R&D Service (HSR&D). During the program, the HSR&D established the VA\'s first intensive care unit to test the value of individual monitoring.
The hospital closed in the early 2000s and the VA is leasing the site for mixed-use development for veterans.
In 2014, vandals set fire to the main hospital building, resulting in significant damage to the structure. After this incident, the property was guarded by private **security** due to arsonists previously setting fire to several of the buildings.
As of 2025, the current status of the site\'s redevelopment and future use is in limbo, as the community opposes the developers plans.
The property remains closed to the public and is marked by fences and private security
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# Fadanpura
**Fadanpura** is a village in Fatehpur tehsil of Sikar district in Rajasthan, 5 km away from Fatehpur City by road. There are about 450 houses in the village, with a total population above 1100 people. Five temples in this village and most oldest temple of \"THAKUR Ji\" made by Shekhawat\'s situated in middle of this village. Other temples name are Sati Dadi Jamvay Maa Jasnath ji Maharaj and Lord Hanuman. Sati Dadi\'s temple, made by Khetaram Jangid, is 2 km away from this village. Jasnath ji Mharaj\'s temple made by Jyani is the first temple you can see when you come in this village by road`{{clarify|date=August 2017}}`{=mediawiki}.
The natural climatic conditions in the village are very harsh. The temperature ranges from sub-zero in winters to more than 50 °C in summers. The summers bring hot waves of air called \"loo\". The village lies in the Thar Desert region, and annual rainfall is very low, on the scale of 450 mm. The people in the region depend on rainwater for agriculture
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# Sweat of the brow
**Sweat of the brow** is a copyright law doctrine. According to this doctrine, an author gains rights through simple diligence during the creation of a work, such as a database, or a directory. Substantial creativity or \"originality\" is not required.
Under a \"sweat of the brow\" doctrine, the creator of a work, even if it is completely unoriginal, is entitled to have that effort and expense protected; no one else may use such a work without permission, but must instead recreate the work by independent research or effort. The classic example is a telephone directory. In a \"sweat of the brow\" jurisdiction, such a directory may not be copied, but instead a competitor must independently collect the information to issue a competing directory. The same rule generally applies to databases and lists of facts.
According to the Databases Directive 96/9/EC, member states of the EU are obliged to confer protection known as the database right on non-original databases, that is on those that embody no creativity, but are a consequence of substantial investment (financial, labour etc.). It is an infringement when a person, without consent, extracts or re-uses all or a substantial part of the contents of the database.`{{pn|date=November 2024}}`{=mediawiki}
## Etymology
In a traditional English idiom, the *sweat of one\'s brow* refers to the effort expended in labour, and the value created thereby. The phrase is famously used in English translations of `{{sourcetext|source=Bible|version=King James|book=Genesis|chapter=3|verse=19}}`{=mediawiki}. The law doctrine takes its name from this idiom.
## By territory {#by_territory}
### United States {#united_states}
The United States rejected this doctrine in the 1991 United States Supreme Court case *Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service*; until then it had been upheld in a number of US copyright cases.
Under the *Feist* ruling in the US, mere collections of facts are considered unoriginal and thus not protected by copyright, no matter how much work went into collating them. The arrangement and presentation of a collection may be original, but not if it is \"simple and obvious\" such as a list in alphabetical or chronological order.
### United Kingdom {#united_kingdom}
#### Old approach {#old_approach}
An early example of the \"sweat of the brow\" doctrine in UK law was the leading case of *Walter v Lane* (1900) in which reporters took down shorthand notes of a series of speeches given by the Earl of Rosebery, and transcribed them, adding punctuation, corrections and revisions. These were then published as verbatim reports of the speeches in *The Times* newspaper. The defendant, John Lane, reproduced the speeches in a book, relying heavily without permission on *The Times* publications. The question for the court was whether the reporters could be considered \"authors\" of the published versions under the terms of the *Copyright Act 1842*. The House of Lords held that the reporters were indeed \"authors\", and hence entitled to copyright, on the basis of the skill, effort and time involved in preparing the text for publication.
At the time *Walter v Lane* was decided, UK copyright law contained no explicit notion of \"originality\". The subsequent *Copyright Act 1911* added for the first time a specific statutory requirement that, for copyright to subsist in a work, that work must be \"original\". However, for well over a hundred years UK courts did not adopt a literal reading of that requirement, instead holding that a significant expenditure of skill and labour in the creation of a new work was sufficient.
In *University of London Press Ltd v University Tutorial Press Ltd* (1916), the question arose as to whether certain mathematics exam papers, consisting of conventional problems presented in a conventional manner, were original literary works in which copyright would subsist. The court held that originality did not mean that the work must be an expression of individual thought, and the fact that the authors drew on a body of knowledge common to mathematicians did not compromise originality. The requirement of originality, it was held, did not require that expression be in an original or novel form. It did, however, require that the work not be copied from another work. It must originate from the author. Consequently, even though there was no creative input, the skill, labour, and judgement of the authors was sufficient to make the papers original literary works.
In *Cummins v Bond* (1927), a psychic in a trance claimed to have written down what spirits told her, through a process of automatic writing. In court, she accepted that she was not the creative author of the writing. Nonetheless, the court held that she had exercised sufficient labour and skill in translating and transcribing what the spirits told her, so she had a copyright in the resulting literary work.
#### New (European) approach {#new_european_approach}
The \'skill and labour\' approach was challenged in 2012 when a case was taken to the European Court of Justice in which Football DataCo claimed copyright infringement over web sites which were reproducing match schedules from several major football leagues. Football DataCo asserted that these schedules were copyrighted works due to the skill and labour involved in their preparation, and that the company was given exclusive rights to license their reproduction. Based on its interpretation of UK law, the court rejected the notion that skill and labour was enough to grant protection to a work, since \"unless the procedures for creating the lists concerned as described by the national court are supplemented by elements reflecting originality in the selection or arrangement of the data contained in those lists, they do not suffice for those lists to be protected by the copyright laid down in the directive\".
This European approach has prevailed over the old \'skill and labour\' test. In a copyright notice on \"digital images, photographs and the internet\" last updated in November 2015, the UK Intellectual Property Office stated that digital reproductions of public domain images are not protected by copyright, arguing that \"according to the Court of Justice of the European Union which has effect in UK law, copyright can only subsist in subject matter that is original in the sense that it is the author\'s own \'intellectual creation\'. Given this criterion, it seems unlikely that what is merely a retouched, digitised image of an older work can be considered as \'original\'.\" A November 2023 Appeal Court judgement (*THJ v. Sheridan*, 2023) by Lord Justice Arnold clarified that, in the UK, no new copyright is created in making a photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public domain artwork.
### Germany
Prior to 2021, German law granted ancillary copyrights (*Leistungsschutzrecht*) due to the effort involved in the production or exploitation of creative works. In 2016, a regional court in Berlin ruled that digitized versions of public domain paintings were entitled to new copyrights due to the effort and expertise necessary to create the reproductions. The case was appealed. In 2018 a court upheld the decision that the digitized public domain paintings were entitled to new copyrights. In 2021, Germany implemented Article 14 of the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. Germany\'s implementation law specified that reproductions of visual works in the public domain are not protected by copyright or related rights.
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# Sweat of the brow
## By territory {#by_territory}
### European Union {#european_union}
In 2019, the European Union adopted the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market. Article 14 of the directive states that reproductions of works of visual art that are in the public domain cannot be subject to copyright or related rights, unless the reproduction is an original creative work.
### Israel
Israeli law requires that a work exhibit some degree of originality in order to be copyrightable. In other words, Israeli law does not subscribe to the \"sweat of the brow\" doctrine. However, the amount of originality required is minimal, and the transliteration or interpretation of an artifact is covered by copyright
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# Group of Eight (music)
The **Group of Eight** (also known by its Spanish name ***Grupo de los Ocho***) was a group of Spanish composers and musicologists, including Jesús Bal y Gay, Ernesto Halffter and his brother Rodolfo, Juan José Mantecón, Julián Bautista, Fernando Remacha, Rosa García Ascot, Salvador Bacarisse and Gustavo Pittaluga. The group, loosely modelled on Les Six and The Five (similar nationalist coalitions of composers), was formed in 1930 to oppose musical conservatism in Spain. Its members, who were closely allied to the literary movement Generation of \'27, met in Madrid\'s Residencia de Estudiantes to perform avant-garde works and discuss the aesthetics of music. The group came to an end with the Spanish Civil War and the ensuing Francoist State when most of its members left Madrid or went into exile abroad
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# Moll Pitcher
**Moll Pitcher** (born **Mary Diamond**; c. 1736 -- April 9, 1813) was a clairvoyant and fortune-teller from Lynn, Massachusetts. A tree in West Dedham, today Westwood, was named for her in 1837.
## Background
Moll Pitcher was said to have descended from a long line of \"wizards.\" Her father, Aholiab Diamond, was a cordwainer in Lynn. He and Lydia Silsbee were married in 1735. There were no public schools for girls at the time of her youth, but Moll Pitcher seems to have received some education. On October 2, 1760 she married Robert Pitcher, probably an apprentice of her father. The couple continued to live with the Diamonds and had four children, John, Rebecca, Ruth and Lydia. Her parents and brother died about 1788, and Moll Pitcher inherited the family property.
## Predictions and popularity {#predictions_and_popularity}
It is said that soon after her marriage she was known as a fortune-teller, a reader of tea leaves, with a clientele that continued to increase in importance for the next 50 years that she lived. Her fame reached throughout New England, and her successful predictions astounded the educated and the uneducated alike. She was consulted by all classes, including visiting noblemen from Europe. Her predictions concerned \"love affairs, legacies, discovery of crime, successful lottery tickets, and the more common contingencies of life.\" But her most important predictions involved the outcome of voyages. Crews were said to refuse to sail on voyages she predicted would be disastrous, and shipowners to refuse to risk their ships.
Treasure-seekers also consulted her, but she was said to have little patience with them, sometimes responding \"Fools, if I knew where money was buried, do you think I would part with the secret?\" Eccentric (and successful) businessman \"Lord\" Timothy Dexter was said to place implicit confidence in her predictions.
## In literature {#in_literature}
John Greenleaf Whittier (1807--92), also a native of Massachusetts, wrote a 900-line poem about her entitled simply *Moll Pitcher*. It was Whittier\'s second published work. The poem is not complimentary, describing her as a witch engaged in sinful work:
> She stood upon a bare tall craig\
> Which overlooked her rugged cot -\
> A wasted, gray, and meagre hag,\
> In featured evil as her lot.\
> She had the crooked nose of a witch,\
> And a crooked back and chin;\
> And in her gait she had a hitch,\
> And in her hand she carried a switch,\
> To aid her work of sin, -
Contemporaries, however, describe her as plain: not beautiful, but not a hag; ordinary in appearance. Later in life, Whittier grew to dislike the poem.
Massachusetts playwright J.S. Jones (1811--87) wrote *Moll Pitcher, Or the Fortune Teller of Lynn*.
She is also Referenced by Nathaniel Hawthorne in the House of the Seven Gables (1851) and The Blithedale Romance (1852).
## Death
Pitcher died in 1813 and was buried in the West Lynn Burial Ground. Her grave was unmarked until 1887, when a tombstone with the following epitaph (from Whittier\'s poem) was erected in her memory:
> Even she, our own weird heroine,\
> Sole Pythoness of ancient Lynn,\
> Sleeps calmly where the living laid her;\
> And the wide realm of sorcery,\
> Left, by its latest mistress, free,\
> Hath found no gray and skilled invader
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# Bicoid 3′-UTR regulatory element
The **bicoid 3′-UTR regulatory element** is an mRNA regulatory element that controls the gene expression of the bicoid protein in fruitfly *Drosophila melanogaster*.
The structured RNA element consists of four domains (denoted as II, III, IV and V) in the 3′UTR of the mRNA. It is essential for the correct transport and localisation of bicoid mRNA during oocyte and embryo differentiation, which has been studied most thoroughly in the development of *Drosophila melanogaster* (fruitfly) larvae
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# Theodore Levin (ethnomusicologist)
**Theodore Craig Levin** (born 1951) is an American ethnomusicologist. He is a professor of music at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire and earned his undergraduate degree at Amherst College and obtained his Ph.D. from Princeton University. Levin has focused his research on the people of the Balkans, Siberia, and Central Asia. His recordings from these regions have been released on various labels.
Levin served as the first executive director of the Silk Road Project, an initiative of the American cellist Yo-Yo Ma. He also served as chair of the Arts and Culture sub-board of the Open Society Foundations. Currently he is a senior project consultant to the Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture.
Levin began studying Central Asian forms of music in 1974. Since then, he has written several books, including *The Hundred Thousand Fools of God: Musical Travels in Central Asia (and Queens, New York)* (first published in 1996). He chronicled his journey to Tuva in his book *Where Rivers and Mountains Sing: Sound, Music, and Nomadism in Tuva and Beyond* (first published in 2006).
## Books
Levin\'s first book, *The Hundred Thousand Fools of God: Musical Travels in Central Asia (and Queens, New York)*, was published by Indiana University Press in 1996. It was republished in 1999. In it, Levin chronicles his travels across Central Asia from 1977 to 1994. Levin records information about various musical genres and traditions, such as shashmaqam, suvara, and dastan as well as a variety of folk genres. The book provides a detailed account of Central Asian folk customs in Tsarist, Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The volume was published with an accompanying 24-track CD with location recordings.
Levin\'s second book, *Where Rivers and Mountains Sing: Sound, Music, and Nomadism in Tuva and Beyond*, was first published by Indiana University Press in 2006. It was republished in 2010. In this volume, Levin chronicles his experiences with a Tuvan throat-singing group. The author details the Tuvan people\'s ideas about nature and animals, and how their music reproduces the sounds and actions of those animals. The idea of tradition is also brought up frequently, especially in the case of the throat singers. A Russian edition of the book with contributions from Valentina Süzükei was published by Klassika-XXI in 2012 under the title *Музыка новых номадов. Горловое пение в Туве и за ее пределами* (literally \"The Music of the New Nomads. Throat singing in Tuva and Beyond\"). Both the English and Russian versions were published with an accompanying CD.
Levin also edited the book *The Music of Central Asia* along with Saida Daukeyeva and Elmira Köchümkulova. The book was published in 2016 by Indiana University Press with the support and collaboration of the Aga Khan Music Initiative, a program of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture. The volume contains contributions by 27 authors from 14 countries, and has a companion website (www.musicofcentralasia.org) with access to close to 200 audio and video examples. It was also published as an e-book in two volumes. The project received the 2017 Public Outreach Award of the Central Eurasian Studies Society as well as the 2018 RUSA Dartmouth Medal for Excellence in Reference.
## Recordings
Levin\'s recordings from the Balkans, the Caucasus, Siberia, and Central Asia have been released on various labels, including Nonesuch Records, Smithsonian Folkways, Ocora, and Auvidis. In particular, Levin produced the 1990 CD *Tuva: Voices from the Center of Asia*, which is the first commercial recording of Tuvan music released in the West. Additionally, Levin and the French ethnomusicologist Jean During produced the two-CD set *The Silk Road: A Musical Caravan*, which was released in 2001. Both of these albums were released on the Smithsonian Folkways label.
Most notably, Levin produced the ten-disk series *Music of Central Asia*. The project was implemented in collaboration with the Aga Khan Music Initiative in Central Asia, a program of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, and released on the Smithsonian Folkways label from 2004 to 2011. The second volume of the series was nominated for the 2007 Grammy Award for Best Traditional World Music Album
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# Levine's sign
**Levine\'s sign** is a clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain.
It is named for Samuel A. Levine (1891--1966), an influential American cardiologist, who first observed that many patients with chest pain made this same sign to describe their symptoms. This clenched fist signal may be seen in patients with acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction and angina pectoris).
A variant of this sign, which uses the entire palm instead of the clenched fist over the chest, is commonly known as the *palm sign*, and in Latin America it is widely referred to as **Cossio\'s Sign**, **Cossio-Levine Sign** or **Fuchs-Levine Sign**. Argentine cardiologist Pedro Alurralde Cossio (1900-1986) who described the sign in 1934. Brazilian cardiologist Flávio Danni Fuchs (1950-) is also attributed as having described the sign
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# Wayne Thomas Satz
**Wayne Thomas Satz** (January 10, 1945 -- December 24, 1992) was a reporter who first reported on the McMartin preschool trial. His first McMartin broadcast aired on KABC-TV in Los Angeles on February 2, 1984.
Satz presented an unchallenged view of the children\'s and parents\' claims. During the case, Satz became personally involved when he entered into a romantic relationship with Kee MacFarlane, the social worker at the Children\'s Institute International, who was interviewing the children. Satz did not reveal the relationship, and continued reporting the unchallenged claims.
Satz died in 1992, at age 47, from a heart attack due to a deformed valve in his heart. He was found dead in his Studio City, Los Angeles home
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# Manitou Islands (Lake Nipissing)
The **Manitou Islands** are a series of small islands in Lake Nipissing, in Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada. The islands form a circle and lie 10 km southwest of North Bay.
## History
Samuel de Champlain visited the islands in 1613 and called them \"pretty\". Fur traders found the island a handy resting spot, and often would camp overnight. Today the islands\' sand beaches continue to be a popular resting and recreation spot for many boaters.
Lime was quarried on the islands in the 1880s when the Canadian Pacific Railway was built, and a lime kiln was operated to create lime for mortar. Great Manitou Island, the largest of the islands, once held a dance hall and hotel, but it burned to the ground. Uranium mining was conducted on Newman Island in the 1950s.
Local legend says that the island is haunted by the Nipissing people who died of starvation after battling the Iroquois and being forced to flee the islands.
In 1972 the wreck of the steamship *John B. Fraser* was found between Goose Island and the Manitou Islands, in 14 m of water.
Until 1981, the entire Great Manitou Island was privately owned. In 1982, most of it was donated to the government through the efforts of the Nature Conservancy of Canada and the Ontario Heritage Foundation. Over the following years, other individual private lots have been purchased by the government.
## Geography
The total area of the islands is 100 ha, and the total perimeter is 5 km. The five islands are:
- Great Manitou Island 46 16 41 N 79 34 34 W region:CA-ON_type:isle_scale:25000 display=inline
- Little Manitou Island 46 15 32 N 79 35 17 W region:CA-ON_type:isle_scale:25000 display=inline
- Calder Island 46 16 14 N 79 33 38 W region:CA-ON_type:isle_scale:25000 display=inline
- Rankin Island 46 15 00 N 79 34 03 W region:CA-ON_type:isle_scale:25000 display=inline
- Newman Island 46 15 17 N 79 34 45 W region:CA-ON_type:isle_scale:25000 display=inline
## Geology
The Manitou Islands lie inside the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben and are part of an eroded volcanic pipe, leaving the multiple islands. The volcanic pipe formed by the violent, supersonic eruption of a deep-origin volcano. These volcanoes originate at least three times as deep as most other volcanoes, and the resulting magma that is pushed toward the surface is high in magnesium and volatile compounds such as water and carbon dioxide. As the body of magma rises toward the surface, the volatile compounds transform to gaseous phase as pressure is reduced with decreasing depth. This sudden expansion propels the magma upward at rapid speeds, resulting in a shallow supersonic eruption.
The Manitou Islands contain the uncommon rock types of fenite and syenite. Minerals found associated with these rocks include: pyroxenites, amphibole, apatite, biotite, calcite, magnetite, monazite, nepheline, pyrite, pyrochlore, pyroxene and quartz.
The nearby Callander Bay is also a volcanic pipe.
## Provincial park {#provincial_park}
The Manitou Islands Provincial Nature Reserve protects 4 of the 5 islands (as a private island, Calder Island is excluded), and also has a 1-kilometer-wide zone around the islands that protects the submarine lakebeds. It was established in 1989 and is representative of island ecology in Lake Nipissing with warmer than normal regional temperatures. Permitted activities include swimming, boating, and nature viewing.
It is a non-operating park, meaning that there are no facilities or services. The park's beaches are available for day use only.
## Flora
Trees on the islands include basswood, ash, silver maple, white birch, white cedar, burr oak, and sugar maple.
Common vegetation include striped maple, chokecherry, Canada yew, stinging nettle, and poison ivy (which is prevalent in most vegetated areas)
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# Lola B05/40
The **Lola B05/40** is a Le Mans Prototype built by Lola Cars International for use in the LMP2 class for the American Le Mans Series, Le Mans Series, and 24 Hours of Le Mans. Developed in 2005, it was intended as a replacement for both the Lola B2K/40 and the MG-Lola EX257. It shares various structural elements with the larger LMP1-class Lola B06/10.
## Development
Following a change to Le Mans regulations by the Automobile Club de l\'Ouest (ACO), which saw the LMP900 and LMP675 classes eliminated in order to make way for the newer LMP1 and LMP2 classes, many teams found that their old chassis would no longer be legal when the new regulations came into full effect in 2007. Lola\'s older chassis would be among those deemed illegal, requiring them to develop an all new car to meet the new LMP2 regulations.
The B05/40 can be seen as an evolution of the MG-Lola EX257 (also known as Lola B01/60), in that many mechanical and aerodynamic elements are shared between the two cars. While the front fenders appear similar in shape, there are major dimensional differences between the two cars (1000 mm over hang vs. 810 mm) such that the B05/40\'s fenders are bespoke to the car. The nose is raised in a fashion similar to the EX257 while lacking the opening grill at the tip. This opening is instead replaced by two large NACA ducts placed on either side of the nose. Behind the cockpit, now mandated twin rollover hoops replace the single roll hoop which originally sat behind just the driver. The air intake for the engine is placed in a nacelle between these rollover hoops, while turbocharged cars use a large duct placed to the left side of the cockpit.
Various engines have been used in the B05/40, with no standard engine being used when designing the chassis. The B05/40 was designed to accept a wide variety due to its use as a customer chassis for privateers. Engines used included Nicholson-McLaren V8s, Judd V8s, Zytek V8s, Acura V8s, AER turbocharged Inline-4s and Mazda turbocharged Inline-4s.
### Modifications
Since 2005, Lola continually upgraded the B05/40, including various bodywork upgrades for improved aerodynamics. In late 2006, a new chassis for Fernández Racing\'s Acura team was built which included slight upgrades, leading to Lola terming the car **B06/40**. However, for the beginning of the 2007 season, Lola unveiled further upgrades that were used by nearly all B05/40 customers. These upgrades included a redesigned front end, which replaced the NACA ducts with a single opening in the nose. Although all chassis have been upgraded, the naming of each car varies depending on the team, with B05/40, B06/40 and B07/40 all being used.
Another modified B05/40 was used by Ray Mallock Ltd. While called a MG EX264, this car is effectively 90% B05/40. It was later upgraded to include the 2007 bodywork, while retaining the EX264 name.
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# Lola B05/40
## Racing history {#racing_history}
For their initial season in 2005, one B05/40 would be used by Intersport Racing in the American Le Mans Series season, while Chamberlain-Synergy Motorsport, Lista Racing, Ray Mallock Ltd. and Binnie Motorsports competed in the Le Mans Endurance Series. In the ALMS, Intersport would easily take the LMP2 championship with five victories over the season. Meanwhile, in the LMES, Chamberlain-Synergy would take the LMP2 championship, while Ray Mallock would take second and Horag fourth, with each of the three teams managing one win over the season. In the middle of the season, at the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Intersport would join Ray Mallock and Chamberlain-Synergy for the endurance event, with Ray Mallock taking the LMP2 victory.
Going into 2006, all of the B05/40 teams would remain, although Chamberlain-Synergy\'s team would be taken over by ASM Team Racing for Portugal midway through the Le Mans Series season. For Intersport, the American Le Mans Series LMP2 championship could not be retained due to new competition from the Porsche RS Spyder, even though Intersport scored three wins. A similar situation would occur in the LMS, with Barazi-Epsilon\'s Courage Competition outdoing the Ray Mallock EX264, which had one win. Although Chamberlain Synergy\'s chassis scored three wins during the season, their take over by ASM Team Racing for Portugal meant that the team\'s points were split, denying them the championship. For the 24 Hours of Le Mans, Ray Mallock would again take the LMP2 victory, with Intersport, Binnie and Chamberlain-Synergy also participating.
For the 2007 season, Intersport would move to the LMP1 class with a new chassis, while Fernández Racing would join the series with an upgraded B05/40 for use with the Acura Le Mans project. B-K Motorsports would also purchase a new B05/40 for use with their Mazda project, switching from a previous Courage chassis. Ray Mallock, Horag, Binnie and ASM Team Racing for Portugal would all remain in the Le Mans Series, all running with the 2007 upgrades
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# Knox County Courthouse (Tennessee)
The **Knox County Courthouse** is a historic building located at 300 Main Street in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Built in 1886, it served as Knox County\'s courthouse until the completion of the City-County Building in 1980, and continues to house offices for several county departments. John Sevier, Tennessee\'s first governor, is buried on the courthouse lawn. The courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture and its role in the county\'s political history.
## Design
The courthouse is a 2.5-story brick structure with an imposing clock tower. It contains a mixture of architectural styles, including Colonial elements in the clock tower and Gothic elements (including quatrefoil patterns) in the balcony and porch. Much of the interior has been altered.
## History
The Knox County Courthouse sits on what was originally Lot 36 of Charles McClung\'s 1791 plat of Knoxville. The lot across the street to the north (Lot 37), currently occupied by the federal courthouse, was the lot set aside by James White for the county courthouse. The county\'s first courthouse was completed circa 1793, but was considered an eyesore. Thomas William Humes stated that a \"frolicsome Irishman\" burned this first courthouse down within a few years of its construction, to the delight of the city\'s residents. The lot of the current courthouse was originally occupied by a federal blockhouse made famous by a Lloyd Branson painting.
Knox County\'s second courthouse was built about 1797. This second courthouse was the setting for the George Washington Harris short story, \"Eaves-Dropping a Lodge of Free-Masons.\" Harris described the \"old stone Court-house\" as having a \"steep gable front to the street,\" a \"disproportionately small brick chimney,\" \"well-whittled door-jambs,\" \"dusty windows,\" and \"gloomy walls and ghosly echoes.\" By the 1830s, this courthouse had deteriorated, and local politicians began calling for its replacement.
Construction on Knox County\'s third courthouse began in 1839, and was completed in 1842. This third courthouse was a Federal-style structure with Greek Revival elements, and was constructed by John Dameron and Drury P. Armstrong.
Construction of the fourth Knox County Courthouse began in 1884. The lot across the street from the third courthouse, then occupied by a large hotel known as the Mansion House, was purchased. The county hired Stephenson and Getaz, a local contractor and architect, to build the courthouse. This firm used drawings prepared by the New York architectural firm, Palliser and Palliser. Built at a cost of \$82,000.00, this new courthouse was considered fireproof, and included a 2,500-pound bell. Wings (running parallel to Main Street) were added to the east and west sides in 1919.
In 1980, Knox County courts and many county government functions moved to the newly completed City County Building on Hill Avenue. In subsequent years, after talk surfaced of tearing the courthouse down, a movement led by Knox County Executive Dwight Kessel convinced the county to preserve it. The building continues to house several county offices, including the office of the county clerk.
## Monuments
Tennessee\'s first governor, John Sevier (1745--1815), was originally buried in the Mississippi Territory where he died while surveying what would eventually become the Alabama-Georgia border. In 1889, a delegation led by Tennessee Governor Robert Love Taylor had Sevier\'s remains extracted and reinterred in the lawn of the Knox County Courthouse. A monument was placed on the grave in 1893. In 1922, a movement led by former Knoxville Mayor Samuel Heiskell managed to reinter the remains of Sevier\'s second wife, Catherine \"Bonny Kate\" Sherrill Sevier, next to her husband. In 1946, a Sevier descendant, Mary Headman, placed a marker on the lawn honoring Sevier\'s first wife, Sarah Hawkins.
Other monuments include the marble arched structure dedicated to Dr. John Mason Boyd (1833--1909), which faces the Gay Street/Main Street intersection, and stone monuments commemorating the site of the 1790s-era federal blockhouse, Knoxville\'s status as the first capital of Tennessee, and the 1791 signing of the Treaty of Holston. Another monument, \"The Hiker,\" was erected by the county\'s Spanish--American War veterans in memory of their fellow soldiers, sailors and marines who died in the conflict. Two Tennessee Historical Commission markers recall the Treaty of Holston and the third, or \"Old Knox County (1842--1886) Courthouse,\" which was located across from the present courthouse on Main Street
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# Roslyn station (LIRR)
**Roslyn** is a station on the Oyster Bay Branch of the Long Island Rail Road. It is located at Lincoln & Railroad Avenues, west of Roslyn Road (CR 7) and south of Warner Avenue, in Roslyn Heights, Nassau County, New York.
## History
### 19th century {#th_century}
Roslyn station opened on January 23, 1865 by the Glen Cove Branch Rail Road -- a subsidiary of the Long Island Rail Road, upon the completion of the line between Mineola and Glen Head. The land for the railroad station was donated by Samuel Adams Warner -- a prominent architect and Roslyn resident for whom Warner Avenue is named.
In 1882, the LIRR attempted to extend the former Flushing and North Side Railroad main line from the Great Neck station to the Roslyn station. This proposal dates back to an F&NS subsidiary, called the \"Roslyn and Huntington Railroad\". The proposal ultimately failed, and that line was instead extended to Port Washington in 1898. In the meantime, the Roslyn station was moved in 1885, in order to accommodate a new freight station; the station was rebuilt between June and July 1887.
### 20th century {#th_century_1}
In 1905, a second track along the Oyster Bay Branch was constructed between Albertson and Roslyn. Four years later, in 1909, the second track was further extended from Roslyn to Glen Cove; the second track was constructed in anticipation of the Oyster Bay Branch being electrified past East Williston, north and east to the branch\'s eastern terminus in Oyster Bay.
From the 1900s until the system\'s closure in 1920, the New York & North Shore Traction Company\'s Port Washington Line stopped at and served the station; the n23 bus follows much this former trolley line\'s route.
On the evening of July 15, 1927, an Oyster Bay-bound express train struck a vehicle which had stalled in the middle of the former Orchard Street grade crossing, in front of the station. The collision led to the vehicle being knocked into a telephone pole, and the two occupants of the vehicle were ejected from the impact. The driver, identified as Jacob Bolzicot, sustained critical injuries and was taken to Nassau County Hospital in Mineola. The other occupant, Catherine -- Bolzicot\'s 4-year-old daughter, was uninjured.
In 1940, the Long Island Rail Road remodeled the exterior of the station house, covering the brick façade with stucco, which resulted in public outcry. Roslyn Estates resident Christopher Morley, who frequently used the station, called for the Long Island Rail Road remove the stucco and re-expose the brickwork. The Long Island Rail Road, which was looking to improve the station due to increasing ridership, soon agreed to remove the layer of stucco and re-expose the bricks -- a process which was completed early that November.
On the evening of May 5, 1967, a man was struck and fatally injured by an oncoming, Oyster Bay-bound train at the Roslyn station while he was crossing the tracks. The victim, identified as Greenvale resident Hugh O\'Rourke, was on his way home at the time of the incident. O\'Rourke was transported to North Shore University Hospital in Manhasset, where he was pronounced deceased from his injuries.
The station house was restored to its 19th-century origins in 1981, during a major restoration project. The Roslyn Landmark Society assisted in the restoration project, and donated many of the materials used.
Between the 1960s and the 1980s, the area surrounding the station underwent a large-scale urban renewal project. As part of the project, a number of derelict buildings -- in addition to portions of the abandoned freight yard -- were demolished and replaced with a 250-car parking lot for the station. The project also saw the station be moved to the south side of Lincoln Avenue; the historic station house was moved to this new location in 1988, where it continues to stand today. When the station was moved to its current location, the Village of Roslyn expressed interest in moving the station\'s historic platform shelter into Roslyn\'s downtown to ensure its preservation; the structure, by that time, was used as a taxi stand. The shelter, built in 1928, was moved in 1987 to the site of the Captain Jacob M. Kirby Storehouse on Main Street, where it remains standing as a garden house.
In 1997, in anticipation of the LIRR\'s fleet of C3 bilevel railcars entering service, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority once again reconstructed the station by replacing the low-level platforms with high-level ones, allowing for level boarding and making the station ADA-compliant.
### 21st century {#st_century}
Between 2016 and 2017, the station\'s parking lot was re-striped and received additional parking spaces. The project was carried out by the Town of North Hempstead, which owns and maintains the parking lot.
In 2020, the Town of North Hempstead received a \$150,000 grant from Nassau County to construct a pathway connecting the station\'s east end to the residential area adjacent to it; as no connection existed there between the street & platform, despite the street being adjacent to the Oyster Bay-bound platform, residents were required to walk north multiple blocks to access the station at its north end. In April 2025, the historic station building was temporarily closed for extensive renovations.
#### Transit-oriented development {#transit_oriented_development}
In 2021, the Village of Roslyn approved plans to construct a mixed-use, transit-oriented development on Warner Avenue, adjacent to the station, on the site of an older, single-story shopping strip. This transit-oriented development, known as Bryant Plaza, includes 54 rental apartments, in addition to 12000 sqft of retail space below the apartments. It was developed by JK Equities in conjunction with Century Realty Investors, and the building was designed by Mojo Stumer Associates.
## Station layout {#station_layout}
The Roslyn station is at-grade. It has two high-level side platforms, each being long enough to accommodate four train cars.
---------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**M** Mezzanine Crossover between platforms
**P** Platform level Platform A, side platform `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki}
Track **1** ← `{{rcb|LIRR|Oyster Bay|inline=yes}}`{=mediawiki} toward Jamaica, `{{lirrs|Long Island City}}`{=mediawiki}, or `{{lirrs|Penn Station}}`{=mediawiki} (`{{lirrs|Albertson}}`{=mediawiki})
Track **2** `{{rcb|LIRR|Oyster Bay|inline=yes}}`{=mediawiki} toward `{{lirrs|Oyster Bay}}`{=mediawiki} (`{{lirrs|Greenvale}}`{=mediawiki}) →
Platform B, side platform `{{access icon}}`{=mediawiki}
Ground level Exit/entrance, parking lot, station house, and buses
---------------------- --------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# Roslyn station (LIRR)
## Station layout {#station_layout}
### Parking
Free parking is available on the west side of the station. The station\'s parking lot is operated and maintained by the Town of North Hempstead
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# Renzo De Vecchi
**Renzo De Vecchi** (`{{IPA|it|ˈrɛntso de ˈvɛkki}}`{=mediawiki}; 3 February 1894 -- 14 May 1967) was an Italian football player and coach who played as a defender. He competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics with Italy, and is officially the youngest player to have ever played a match for the Italy national side. Regarded as one of Italy\'s greatest-ever players, he was known for his excellent technique, dribbling skills, and his accuracy from penalty kicks, despite being a defender. As a ball-winning full-back, he was known for his strength, tackling ability, anticipation, and his organisational skills on the left flank, and was also capable of playing in the centre or in midfield.
## Club career {#club_career}
Born in Milan, Renzo De Vecchi is the youngest player to play in a Serie A game for A.C. Milan, making his debut at 15 years and 284 days, on 14 November 1909, in a 2--1 home win over Ausonia. Two weeks later, he scored in a 6--2 away defeat to Torino, on 28 Novembro 1909, making him the youngest scorer in a Serie A game for A.C. Milan, a record he holds to this day.
He soon became a member of the starting line-up on the left side of the back-line, although he was also capable of playing in the centre or even in midfield. Due to his class and playing ability, he was given the nickname \"Il Figlio di Dio\" (*The Son of God*) by the Milan fans. He later moved to Genoa in 1913, winning three Italian League titles during his time with the club, before retiring in 1929. Between 1927 and 1929, he worked as a player-manager for Genoa, and during the 1929--30 season, after retiring as a player, he became the club\'s manager for a season, temporarily moving to Rapallo in 1930, for three seasons. He returned to Genoa in 1933, and he helped the club to gain Serie A promotion, winning the 1934--35 Serie B title, before retiring, after which he pursued a coaching career.
## International career {#international_career}
De Vecchi is the youngest official player to feature in a match for the Italy national team at 16 years, three months and 23 days, making his international debut as a substitute on 26 May 1910, in a 6--1 away defeat to Hungary. As a member of the Italian Olympic squad in 1912, he played one match in the main tournament as well as two matches in the consolation tournament; he also represented Italy at the 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympic Games. He served as Italy\'s captain between 1920 and 1925. In total, he made 43 appearances for Italy between 1910 and 1925.
## After retirement {#after_retirement}
Following his retirement as a manager, De Vecchi worked as a journalist for *La Gazzetta dello Sport*
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# Old City Hall (Knoxville)
**Old City Hall** is a complex of historic buildings located at 601 West Summit Hill Drive in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Originally constructed in 1848 as the Tennessee School for the Deaf and Dumb (now the Tennessee School for the Deaf), the complex served as Knoxville\'s city hall from 1925 until 1980. The complex has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey. It currently houses Lincoln Memorial University\'s Duncan School of Law.
## Design
The Old City Hall complex stands at the northeast corner of the intersection of Summit Hill Drive, Western Avenue, Broadway, and Henley Street. The L&N Station stands opposite this intersection to the southwest. The complex consists of five interconnected buildings--- the three-story main building, completed in 1848, and four additions behind the main building, built between 1874 and 1899. The entire complex sits atop a wooded knoll.
The main building consists of a three-story front section measuring 100 ft by 50 ft, and two rear wings, each measuring 25 ft by 79 ft, giving the building a U-shape. The facade of the central section contains a portico with four Ionic columns supporting a large pediment, and accessed by a marble staircase. One of the rear additions was designed in the Italian Renaissance style, and another contains Neoclassical elements. The buildings\' interiors have been modified extensively over the years as the role of the complex changed.
## History
### Tennessee School for the Deaf {#tennessee_school_for_the_deaf}
The Tennessee School for the Deaf, originally called the Tennessee School for the Deaf and Dumb, or the \"Deaf and Dumb Asylum,\" was authorized by the state in 1844, following legislative efforts initiated by state senator John Cocke of Grainger County. Knoxville merchant Calvin Morgan (1773---1851) donated the property for the school, and construction began in 1846. Jacob Newman oversaw the building\'s construction, and was probably the building\'s architect. St. John\'s Episcopal rector Thomas William Humes delivered the dedicatory address upon the school\'s opening in 1848.
The school\'s enrollment grew rapidly during the 1850s, but was forced to close at the outset of the Civil War, when occupying Confederate forces converted it into a hospital. Following William P. Sanders\'s failed raid against the city in June 1863, an artillery battery was set up behind the school building. When Union forces captured Knoxville in September 1863, they in turn used the school as a hospital. The school finally reopened in December 1866.
In 1873, the state appropriated \$10,000 for the school, allowing it to expand. A new classroom building, designed by early Knoxville architect A.C. Bruce, was completed in 1874, and a chapel and auditorium building, designed by Joseph Baumann (1844--1920), was completed in 1879. A second classroom building was added in 1891, and a hospital building was constructed in 1899. The school continued operating at the complex until 1924, when it moved to its new campus at the old Island Home estate in South Knoxville.
### City Hall {#city_hall}
Knoxville\'s first city hall was a small, two-story building constructed on the northern half of Market Square in 1868 (prior to this, the city government met at the Knox County Courthouse). This structure was replaced by a larger, more elaborate building in 1888. This second building was incorporated into the design of the new market house, which was completed in 1897, though the city\'s government still met on its second floor.
In 1923, at the behest of progressive new city manager Louis Brownlow, Knoxville purchased the Tennessee School for the Deaf complex for use as a city hall. The city council held its first meeting in the building in February 1925, and in subsequent decades the building thus played a key role in Knoxville\'s development. Reminiscing about the building, local historian Jack Neely stated, \"lots of major decisions were made within these walls, as the city desegregated, fluoridated its water, and first contemplated a World's Fair.\" Over several decades, figures such as Cas Walker, George Dempster and John Duncan, Sr., fought over issues ranging from taxation to the city\'s lack of parking spaces.
In 1924, the Boyd school (located where the Daylight Building now stands) burned down. During the early 1930s, the city made plans to move the school into the City Hall complex, but as the city\'s offices expanded and required more and more space, these plans never materialized.
In his 1957 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, *A Death in the Family*, author James Agee recalled walking with his father through downtown Knoxville in 1915. As they passed the \"deaf and dumb asylum,\" Agee noted how \"its windows showed black in its pale brick, as the nursing woman\'s eyes, and it stood deep and silent among the light shadows of its trees.\"
### Recent history {#recent_history}
Over the second half of the 20th century, the Old City Hall lot, which originally covered 8 acre, was gradually chipped away by development and road work. During the 1950s, several buildings on the northern half of the lot were demolished to make way for a new parking lot. In 1975, a cottage was demolished on the southwestern corner of the lot, and three years later, the Summit Hill Towers were erected on the lot\'s northeastern portion.
In 1980, the City of Knoxville relocated its main offices, including its city hall functions, to the newly completed City-County Building on Main Street. Various tenants occupied Old City Hall in subsequent years, including the Knoxville Area Chamber Partnership (which moved to Market Square in 2004). In February 2008, Harrogate-based Lincoln Memorial University began leasing the building for its new law school, the Duncan School of Law
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# Bold Conceptions
***Bold Conceptions*** is the debut album by the Bob James Trio. The album was recorded between August 13--15, 1962. The cover features a drawing of Bob James at the piano.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
1. \"Moment\'s Notice\" (John Coltrane, Ernie Wilkins) -- 3:09
2. \"Nardis\" (Miles Davis) -- 5:30
3. \"The Night We Call It a Day\" (Tom Adair, Matt Dennis) -- 3:10
4. \"Trilogy\" (James) -- 6:42
5. \"Quest\" (James) -- 4:10
6. \"My Love\" (Leonard Bernstein) -- 5:14
7. \"Fly Me to the Moon\" (Bart Howard) -- 4:43
8. \"Birks\' Works\" (Dizzy Gillespie) -- 4:36
9. \"Softly, as in a Morning Sunrise\" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Sigmund Romberg) -- 3:39
10
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# Killed the Family and Went to the Movies (1991 film)
{{ infobox film \| name = Killed the Family and Went to the Movies \| image = Killed the Family and Went to the Movies (1991).jpg \| caption = Film poster \| director = Neville de Almeida \| producer = \| writer = Júlio Bressane (story) and Neville de Almeida \| starring = Cláudia Raia\
Louise Cardoso\
Alexandre Frota \| cinematography = \| editing = \| distributor = Cineville Produções Cinematográficas \| released = `{{Film date|1991}}`{=mediawiki} \| music = \| runtime = 90 min. \| country = Brazil \| language = Portuguese \| budget = }} ***Matou a Família e Foi ao Cinema*** (*Killed the Family and Went to the Movies*) is a Brazilian film directed by Neville de Almeida and released in 1991. It is a remake of the original 1969 film directed by Júlio Bressane.
## Production
Actress Cláudia Raia talked about her difficulties in filming a nude scene with a horse for this movie. Raia said that for this scene, filmed on a cold dawn, she wore only a bodice and that the horse needed to be calmed down in a moment. \"There was a scene of mine naked, only with a bodice, which we shot on a cold morning in Teresópolis. My character almost had sex with the horse, which was actually her dream. At a certain point, the horse went crazy and needed to be removed from the scene in order to get a little out of it \", she said
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# Kelvin functions
In applied mathematics, the **Kelvin functions** ber~*ν*~(*x*) and bei~*ν*~(*x*) are the real and imaginary parts, respectively, of
$$J_\nu \left (x e^{\frac{3 \pi i}{4}} \right ),\,$$
where *x* is real, and `{{math|''J<sub>ν</sub>''(''z'')}}`{=mediawiki}, is the *ν*^th^ order Bessel function of the first kind. Similarly, the functions ker~ν~(*x*) and kei~ν~(*x*) are the real and imaginary parts, respectively, of
$$K_\nu \left (x e^{\frac{\pi i}{4}} \right ),\,$$
where `{{math|''K<sub>ν</sub>''(''z'')}}`{=mediawiki} is the *ν*^th^ order modified Bessel function of the second kind.
These functions are named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin.
While the Kelvin functions are defined as the real and imaginary parts of Bessel functions with *x* taken to be real, the functions can be analytically continued for complex arguments `{{math|''xe''<sup>''iφ''</sup>, 0 ≤ ''φ'' < 2''π''.}}`{=mediawiki} With the exception of ber~*n*~(*x*) and bei~*n*~(*x*) for integral *n*, the Kelvin functions have a branch point at *x* = 0.
Below, `{{math|Γ(''z'')}}`{=mediawiki} is the gamma function and `{{math|''ψ''(''z'')}}`{=mediawiki} is the digamma function.
## ber(*x*)
For integers *n*, ber~*n*~(*x*) has the series expansion
$$\mathrm{ber}_n(x) = \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^n \sum_{k \geq 0} \frac{\cos\left[\left(\frac{3n}{4} + \frac{k}{2}\right)\pi\right]}{k! \Gamma(n + k + 1)} \left(\frac{x^2}{4}\right)^k ,$$
where `{{math|Γ(''z'')}}`{=mediawiki} is the gamma function. The special case ber~0~(*x*), commonly denoted as just ber(*x*), has the series expansion
$$\mathrm{ber}(x) = 1 + \sum_{k \geq 1} \frac{(-1)^k}{[(2k)!]^2} \left(\frac{x}{2} \right )^{4k}$$
and asymptotic series
$$\mathrm{ber}(x) \sim \frac{e^{\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}}}{\sqrt{2 \pi x}} \left (f_1(x) \cos \alpha + g_1(x) \sin \alpha \right ) - \frac{\mathrm{kei}(x)}{\pi}$$,
where
$$\alpha = \frac{x}{\sqrt{2}} - \frac{\pi}{8},$$
$$f_1(x) = 1 + \sum_{k \geq 1} \frac{\cos(k \pi / 4)}{k! (8x)^k} \prod_{l = 1}^k (2l - 1)^2$$
$$g_1(x) = \sum_{k \geq 1} \frac{\sin(k \pi / 4)}{k! (8x)^k} \prod_{l = 1}^k (2l - 1)^2 .$$
## bei(*x*)
For integers *n*, bei~*n*~(*x*) has the series expansion
$$\mathrm{bei}_n(x) = \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^n \sum_{k \geq 0} \frac{\sin\left[\left(\frac{3n}{4} + \frac{k}{2}\right)\pi\right]}{k! \Gamma(n + k + 1)} \left(\frac{x^2}{4}\right)^k .$$
The special case bei~0~(*x*), commonly denoted as just bei(*x*), has the series expansion
: $\mathrm{bei}(x) = \sum_{k \geq 0} \frac{(-1)^k }{[(2k+1)!]^2} \left(\frac{x}{2} \right )^{4k+2}$
and asymptotic series
$$\mathrm{bei}(x) \sim \frac{e^{\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}}}{\sqrt{2 \pi x}} [f_1(x) \sin \alpha - g_1(x) \cos \alpha] - \frac{\mathrm{ker}(x)}{\pi},$$
where α, $f_1(x)$, and $g_1(x)$ are defined as for ber(*x*).
## ker(*x*)
For integers *n*, ker~*n*~(*x*) has the (complicated) series expansion
$$\begin{align}
&\mathrm{ker}_n(x) = - \ln\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) \mathrm{ber}_n(x) + \frac{\pi}{4}\mathrm{bei}_n(x) \\
&+ \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^{-n} \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \cos\left[\left(\frac{3n}{4} + \frac{k}{2}\right)\pi\right] \frac{(n-k-1)!}{k!} \left(\frac{x^2}{4}\right)^k \\
&+ \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^n \sum_{k \geq 0} \cos\left[\left(\frac{3n}{4} + \frac{k}{2}\right)\pi\right] \frac{\psi(k+1) + \psi(n + k + 1)}{k! (n+k)!} \left(\frac{x^2}{4}\right)^k .
\end{align}$$
The special case ker~0~(*x*), commonly denoted as just ker(*x*), has the series expansion
$$\mathrm{ker}(x) = -\ln\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) \mathrm{ber}(x) + \frac{\pi}{4}\mathrm{bei}(x) + \sum_{k \geq 0} (-1)^k \frac{\psi(2k + 1)}{[(2k)!]^2} \left(\frac{x^2}{4}\right)^{2k}$$
and the asymptotic series
$$\mathrm{ker}(x) \sim \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2x}} e^{-\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}} [f_2(x) \cos \beta + g_2(x) \sin \beta],$$
where
$$\beta = \frac{x}{\sqrt{2}} + \frac{\pi}{8},$$
$$f_2(x) = 1 + \sum_{k \geq 1} (-1)^k \frac{\cos(k \pi / 4)}{k! (8x)^k} \prod_{l = 1}^k (2l - 1)^2$$
$$g_2(x) = \sum_{k \geq 1} (-1)^k \frac{\sin(k \pi / 4)}{k! (8x)^k} \prod_{l = 1}^k (2l - 1)^2.$$
## kei(*x*)
For integer *n*, kei~*n*~(*x*) has the series expansion
$$\begin{align}
&\mathrm{kei}_n(x) = - \ln\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) \mathrm{bei}_n(x) - \frac{\pi}{4}\mathrm{ber}_n(x) \\
&-\frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^{-n} \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \sin\left[\left(\frac{3n}{4} + \frac{k}{2}\right)\pi\right] \frac{(n-k-1)!}{k!} \left(\frac{x^2}{4}\right)^k \\
&+ \frac{1}{2} \left(\frac{x}{2}\right)^n \sum_{k \geq 0} \sin\left[\left(\frac{3n}{4} + \frac{k}{2}\right)\pi\right] \frac{\psi(k+1) + \psi(n + k + 1)}{k! (n+k)!} \left(\frac{x^2}{4}\right)^k .
\end{align}$$
The special case kei~0~(*x*), commonly denoted as just kei(*x*), has the series expansion
$$\mathrm{kei}(x) = -\ln\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) \mathrm{bei}(x) - \frac{\pi}{4}\mathrm{ber}(x) + \sum_{k \geq 0} (-1)^k \frac{\psi(2k + 2)}{[(2k+1)!]^2} \left(\frac{x^2}{4}\right)^{2k+1}$$
and the asymptotic series
$$\mathrm{kei}(x) \sim -\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2x}} e^{-\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}} [f_2(x) \sin \beta + g_2(x) \cos \beta],$$
where *β*, *f*~2~(*x*), and *g*~2~(*x*) are defined as for ker(*x*)
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# Fifths of Seven
**Fifths of Seven** was a Canadian instrumental string/piano/accordion trio based in Montreal, Quebec. The band members were Spencer Krug, Beckie Foon, and Rachel Levine (Cakelk). The group\'s instrumental music combined elements of pop, classical and eastern European music.
## History
Fifths of Seven was formed in 1995 in Montreal, Their debut album, *Spry from Bitter Anise Folds*, was recorded in Montreal at Breakglass Studio and released in 2005. This was the only album recorded by the group.
## Discography
- *Spry from Bitter Anise Folds* (LP), 2005
1. \"Rosa Centifolia\" - 5:33
2. \"Sweet Grace for Devious\" - 5:53
3. \"Out from Behind the Rigid Bellows\" - 6:49
4. \"Waiting\" - 2:58
5. \"Coeur, Arteries and Veins\" - 4:58
6. \"Echoes from a Wandered Path\" - 5:47
7. \"For You Alone in the Smoldering City\" - 9:42
8
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# Midpoint Trade Books
**Midpoint Trade Books, Inc.** is a Sales, Marketing, and Distribution Company founded by Eric M. Kampmann and Chris Bell in 1996. Midpoint represents over 250 independent publishers across the United States, Canada, England, Scotland, Australia, and Ireland. Midpoint\'s sales team presents to both national and regional big-box and specialty accounts across the United States and Canada.
Kampmann & Company also owns publishing companies Spencer Hill Press and Beaufort Books. Beaufort includes the imprints Moyer Bell and Papier-Mache Press. Beaufort Books famously published the O.J Simpson hypothetical tell-all book If I Did It. By court order, all proceeds from and rights to the bestselling book belong to the family of murder victim Ron Goldman.
## Acquisition by IPG {#acquisition_by_ipg}
On August 17, 2018, Midpoint Trade Books was sold to Independent Publishers Group (IPG). About the acquisition, IPG\'s CEO, Joe Matthews said that the publishing industry \"is consolidating because distribution rewards scale, requires expensive technology, and demands high-level access to customers
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# Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)
Jimmy Smith}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use British English|date=October 2017}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox football biography
| name = Jimmy Smith
| image =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1911|09|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Slamannan]], Scotland
| death_date = {{death date and age|2003|12|4|1911|09|24|df=y}}
| death_place =
| position = [[Centre forward]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 = Argyll Rob Roy
| years1 = 1928
| years2 = 1928–1946
| clubs1 = [[East Stirlingshire F.C.|East Stirlingshire]]
| clubs2 = [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]]
| caps1 = 15
| caps2 = 234
| goals1 = 16
| goals2 = 225
| totalcaps = 249
| totalgoals = 241
| nationalyears1 = 1934–1937
| nationalteam1 = [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]]
| nationalcaps1 = 2
| nationalgoals1 = 1
| nationalyears2 = 1941
| nationalteam2 = [[List of Scotland wartime international footballers|Scotland (wartime)]]
| nationalcaps2 = 3
| nationalgoals2 = 0
| nationalyears3 = 1941
| nationalteam3 = [[Scottish League XI]]
| nationalcaps3 = 1
| nationalgoals3 = 0
}}`{=mediawiki} **James Smith** (24 September 1911 -- 4 December 2003) was a Scottish professional footballer, who played for East Stirlingshire and Rangers. During his time at Rangers he scored 249 goals in 259 games.
## Club career {#club_career}
Smith moved from East Stirlingshire to Rangers aged 17 in December 1928, having scored more than a goal per game in Scottish Division Two during his five-month spell at Firs Park, and made his professional debut against Hamilton Academical in March 1929. He was only selected twice in his first season at Ibrox and just once the following season, although he scored in that match, a 3--1 win against Dundee. In season 1930--31, he scored 21 goals in 21 games, including five in an 8--0 defeat of Clyde, as Rangers won the League championship for the fifth season running.
After Rangers missed out on a sixth successive title in season 1931--32 (during which Smith only featured eight games, scoring five times), the championship returned to Ibrox the following season and Smith finished top scorer with 34 goals, including four hat-tricks.
In season 1933--34, Smith and striking partner Bob McPhail, notched up 72 goals between them in 47 games as Rangers continued their dominance of Scottish football. Smith also collected his first Scottish Cup medal, scoring in a 5--0 defeat of St Mirren in the final at Hampden.
Success for Smith and Rangers continued. The League title was again won in 1934--35 with Smith scoring 43 goals in 38 matches, including six in a 7--1 defeat of Dunfermline Athletic. He also collected his second Scottish Cup medal, scoring twice in the 2--1 against Hamilton Academical in the final. Rangers went on to win two of the next four League championships before World War II and Smith was Rangers\' top scorer in three of the four, including 31 goals from 38 games in the 1936--37 success.
Smith continued to play for Rangers during the unofficial matches played during the war (scoring 100 further goals) but retired from football upon the return of official domestic football in 1946--47. After he retired he continued as a club trainer then chief scout until 1967.
## International career {#international_career}
Despite his incredible goalscoring record, he only ever won two caps for Scotland, both against Ireland. He won his first cap on 20 October 1934 in a 2--1 defeat in Belfast and his second cap was on 10 November 1937, where Smith scored the equaliser in a 1--1 draw at Pittodrie. He made three appearances in unofficial internationals during World War II, all in 1941, and played once in the same year for the Scottish Football League XI (though this was also unofficial to an extent, being a RAF Benevolent Fund fixture with Scotland represented by the wartime Southern League)
| 628 |
Jimmy Smith (footballer, born 1911)
| 0 |
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# Hôpital Saint Joseph des Soeurs de la Croix
**Hôpital Saint Joseph des Soeurs de la Croix** or the Hospital of Saint Joseph of the Sisters of the Holy Cross is a private, non-profit medical institution in Dora, Lebanon. It is a residency hospital for the students of the Université Saint-Joseph medical school. The hospital serves the heavily populated northern suburbs of Beirut.
## History
The Blessed Père Jacques founded the hospital in 1952 after he had founded the *Congrégation des Soeurs Franciscaines de la Croix du Liban* which played a major role in helping victims of World War I in Lebanon. The hospital continues to be managed by the Sisters of the Holy Cross and adheres to the ethics of the Lebanese law and the Pontifical Council for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers.
## Hospital campus {#hospital_campus}
The main entrance of the hospital is on Rue Hôpital Saint Joseph. The emergency entrance is on Rue Raymond et Aïda Najjar. The hospital consists of three main buildings, BLOC A: Le Centre Médical Raymond et Aïda Najjar, BLOC B: Le Pavillon Hospitalier, and BLOC C: Bloc Technique
| 187 |
Hôpital Saint Joseph des Soeurs de la Croix
| 0 |
11,056,490 |
# Battle of Ctesiphon (165)
Battle of Ctesiphon}} `{{One source|date=August 2023}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox military conflict|
conflict=Battle of Ctesiphon (165)|
partof=the [[Parthian war of Lucius Verus]]|
image=|
caption=|
date=165|
place=[[Ctesiphon]], [[Mesopotamia]]|
result=Roman victory|
combatant1=[[Roman Empire]]|
combatant2=[[Parthian Empire]]|
commander1=[[Avidius Cassius]]|
commander2=[[Vologases IV]]|
strength1=Capable of raising many soldiers|
strength2=Capable of raising many soldiers|
casualties1=Heavy|
casualties2=Heavy|
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Campaignbox Roman-Parthian Wars}}`{=mediawiki}
The **Battle of Ctesiphon** in 165 AD was part of the wider Roman-Parthian War. The Parthians had tried but failed to take Armenia in the previous years, but a Roman counter-attack saw them lay a successful siege and capture of Ctesiphon.
## Aftermath
Like the previous invasion attempts, the Romans made no attempt at permanently occupying Ctesiphon. In the end, the Parthians managed to re-group. However, the Parthians were becoming steadily weaker, with more concessions given to the Roman Empire and the Parthian nobles and vassal kingdoms
| 142 |
Battle of Ctesiphon (165)
| 0 |
11,056,500 |
# Cycling at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race
The men\'s individual road race at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, was held on 26 July 1976. There were 134 cyclists from 40 nations starting the race. The maximum number of cyclists per nation was four. Fifty-eight cyclists finished the race. The event was won by Bernt Johansson of Sweden, the nation\'s first victory in the men\'s individual road race. Giuseppe Martinelli put Italy back on the podium with his silver; the nation had won gold or silver at every Games from 1956 to 1968 but did not medal in 1972. Mieczysław Nowicki\'s bronze was Poland\'s first medal in the event.
## Background
This was the 10th appearance of the event, previously held in 1896 and then at every Summer Olympics since 1936. It replaced the individual time trial event that had been held from 1912 to 1932 (and which would be reintroduced alongside the road race in 1996). Ryszard Szurkowski of Poland was \"probably\" the favorite; he had won the 1973 world championship and placed second in 1974. Neither the 1974 nor 1975 world champions competed in Montreal.
Bolivia and Nicaragua each made their debut in the men\'s individual road race. Great Britain made its 10th appearance in the event, the only nation to have competed in each appearance to date.
## Competition format and course {#competition_format_and_course}
The mass-start race was on a 177.49 kilometre course \"over the hilly Mont-Royal Circuit\".
## Schedule
All times are Eastern Daylight Time (UTC-4)
Date Time Round
---------------------- ----------- -----------
Monday, 26 July 1976 **10:00** **Final**
| 268 |
Cycling at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race
| 0 |
11,056,500 |
# Cycling at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race
## Results
The lead pack of 10 riders got clear during lap 6. Johansson broke away from the pack in the last lap for a clear win. In the final sprint by the remaining nine leaders, Thaler finished in front but was penalized for interfering with the other riders and demoted from second place to ninth (the back of the + 31\" group, with Alfonsel falling behind the rest into 10th place).
Rank Cyclist Nation Time
------------------------------------- ---------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
Bernt Johansson 4:46:52.0
Giuseppe Martinelli 4:47:23.0
Mieczysław Nowicki data-sort-value=4:47:23.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
4 Alfons De Wolf data-sort-value=4:47:23.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
5 Nikolay Gorelov data-sort-value=4:47:23.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
6 George Mount data-sort-value=4:47:23.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
7 Jean-René Bernaudeau data-sort-value=4:47:23.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
8 Vittorio Algeri data-sort-value=4:47:23.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
9 Klaus-Peter Thaler data-sort-value=4:47:23.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
10 Bernardo Alfonsel 4:47:27.0
11 Stanisław Szozda 4:49:01.0
12 Ryszard Szurkowski data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
13 Vlastimil Moravec data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
14 Carlos Cardet data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
15 Garry Bell data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
16 Karl-Dietrich Diers data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
17 Aleksandr Averin data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
18 Herbert Spindler data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
19 Wilfried Trott data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
20 Harry Hannus data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
21 Roman Humenberger data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
22 Álvaro Pachón data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
23 Luis Manrique data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
24 Pierre Harvey data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
25 Arie Hassink data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
26 Roberto Ceruti data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
27 Wolfgang Steinmayr data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
28 Clyde Sefton data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
29 Sven-Åke Nilsson data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
30 Jan Brzeźny data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
31 Carmelo Barone data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
32 Rafael Ladrón data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
33 Juan José Moral data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
34 Remo Sansonetti data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
35 Joseph Waugh data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
36 Frank Hoste data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
37 Hans-Peter Jakst data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
38 Thorleif Andresen data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
39 Valery Chaplygin data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
40 Leo van Vliet data-sort-value=4:49:01.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
41 Petr Bucháček 4:54:26.0
42 John Howard data-sort-value=4:54:26.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
43 Dudley Hayton data-sort-value=4:54:26.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
44 Aavo Pikkuus 4:54:49.0
45 Rubén Camacho data-sort-value=4:54:49.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
46 Peter Weibel data-sort-value=4:54:49.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
47 Dirk Heirweg 4:55:41.0
48 Eddy Schepers data-sort-value=4:55:41.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
49 Stoyan Bobekov 4:58:35.0
50 Ad Tak 5:00:19.0
51 Rudolf Mitteregger data-sort-value=5:00:19.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
52 Vern Hanaray data-sort-value=5:00:19.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
53 Ramón Noriega 5:03:13.0
54 Gilles Durand data-sort-value=5:03:13.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
55 Geir Digerud 5:04:42.0
56 David Boll 5:05:00.0
57 Richard Trinkler data-sort-value=5:05:00.0\| `{{abbr|s.t.|same time}}`{=mediawiki}
58 José Ollarves 5:07:09.0
rowspan=76 data-sort-value=59\| --- Juan Carlos Haedo data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Osvaldo Benvenuti data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Oswaldo Frossasco data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Raúl Labbate data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Alan Goodrope data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Peter Kesting data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Marco Soria data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Ivan Popov data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Martin Martinov data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Nedyalko Stoyanov data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Tom Morris data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Brian Chewter data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Miguel Samacá data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Abelardo Ríos data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Carlos Alvarado Reyes data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Roberto Menéndez data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Gregorio Aldo Arencibia data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Jorge Pérez data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Petr Matoušek data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Vladimír Vondráček data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Verner Blaudzun data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Jørgen Emil Hansen data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Bent Pedersen data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Willy Skibby data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Gerhard Lauke data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Hans-Joachim Hartnick data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Siegbert Schmeisser data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
René Bittinger data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Francis Duteil data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Christian Jourdan data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Philip Griffiths data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
William Nickson data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Mikhail Kountras data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Kwong Chi Yan data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Chan Fai Lui data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Tang Kam Man data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Chan Lam Hams data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Mohamed Ali Acha-Cheloi data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Hassan Arianfard data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Asghar Khodayari data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Mahmoud Delshad data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Alan McCormack data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Oliver McQuaid data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Errol Walters data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Lucien Didier data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Marcel Thull data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Yahya Ahmad data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Luis Rosendo Ramos data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
José Castañeda data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Rodolfo Vitela data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Miguel Espinoza data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
David Iornos data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Hamblin González data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Manuel Largaespada data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Frits Schür data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Jamie Richards data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Pål Henning Hansen data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Stein Bråthen data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Daniele Cesaretti data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Paulino Martínez data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Leif Hansson data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Alf Segersäll data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Hansjörg Aemisegger data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Robert Thalmann data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Serge Demierre data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Panya Singprayool-Dinmuong data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Chartchai Juntrat data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Prajin Rungrote data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Arlee Wararong data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Michael Neel data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Carlos Alcantara data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Víctor González data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Waldemar Pedrazzi data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Washington Díaz data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Justo Galaviz data-sort-value=9:99:99.9\| `{{abbr|DNF|Did not finish}}`{=mediawiki}
Nicolas Reidtler data-sort-value=9:99:99
| 881 |
Cycling at the 1976 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race
| 1 |
11,056,512 |
# Grizedale
**Grizedale** is a hamlet in the Lake District of North West England, in the middle of the Grizedale Forest, located north of Satterthwaite and south of Hawkshead. It is part of the civil parish of Satterthwaite. Historically, in the county of Lancashire, it now lies in the Westmorland and Furness district of Cumbria.
Attractions include extensive mountain bike trails and one of the Go Ape company\'s tree-top adventure courses. The forest is still notable for its sculptures. It used to be the home of Grizedale Arts, a contemporary arts residency and commissioning agency.
Grizedale is the location of the former Grizedale Hall -- a forty-room mansion that was demolished in 1957. Before and after World War II, it was owned by the Forestry Commission. During the war, it was commandeered by the War Office and became officially known as No 1 POW Camp (Officers) Grizedale Hall, to hold German officer prisoners of war. As many of these were rescued survivors from sunken U-boats, it also became known as the \"U-Boat Hotel\". The fighter pilot Franz von Werra was initially held there, and also made one of the many escape attempts for which he is known. Another well-known prisoner was Otto Kretschmer, Germany\'s most successful U-boat captain until his capture.
An interactive woodland nature trail themed around the children\'s book Zog was installed at Grizedale in 2019
| 228 |
Grizedale
| 0 |
11,056,518 |
# Battle of Ctesiphon (198)
Battle of Ctesiphon}} `{{Campaignbox Roman-Persian Wars}}`{=mediawiki} The **Battle of Ctesiphon** was a battle fought between the Roman and Parthian empires. The Roman emperor Septimius Severus, faced by fierce resistance, succeeded in sacking the Parthian capital, and also deported some of its inhabitants
| 47 |
Battle of Ctesiphon (198)
| 0 |
11,056,590 |
# Greater Warner Tabernacle AME Zion Church, Knoxville
The **Greater Warner Tabernacle AME Zion Church** is a historic church congregation presently located in a building at 3800 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue in Knoxville, Tennessee. It was reportedly a station on the Underground Railroad. It is part of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church denomination, which was established in 1796 and has been referred to as the \"freedom church\" for its part in the abolitionist movement.
The congregation was first established in 1845 on Fuller Street, on land donated by a religious German. This first church was known as **Warner Tabernacle**; the first actual building was not constructed until the late 19th century. It was destroyed by storms in 1908, and the second church was completed in 1910. In 1967, the congregation moved to Speedway Circle and its name was changed to **Speedway Circle AME Zion Church**. In 1969, the name was changed to **Greater Warner Tabernacle**. In 1987, the congregation purchased the McCalla Avenue Baptist Church and moved again. This portion of McCalla Avenue is now known as Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue. Greater Warner Tabernacle is Knoxville\'s oldest extant African-American church congregation
| 194 |
Greater Warner Tabernacle AME Zion Church, Knoxville
| 0 |
11,056,595 |
# Larkspur, Edmonton
Larkspur#Locations}} `{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Larkspur
|other_name =
|settlement_type = Neighbourhood
|pushpin_map = Canada Edmonton <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of Larkspur in [[Edmonton]]
|pushpin_mapsize = 250
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Canada
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Alberta]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of cities in Alberta|City]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Edmonton]]
|subdivision_type3 = Quadrant<ref name=wardsnbhds>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/EdmontonWardNeighbourhoods.pdf |title=City of Edmonton Wards & Standard Neighbourhoods |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=February 13, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503100206/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/EdmontonWardNeighbourhoods.pdf |archive-date=May 3, 2014 }}</ref>
|subdivision_name3 = NW
|subdivision_type4 = Ward<ref name=wardsnbhds/>
|subdivision_name4 = Sspomitapi
|subdivision_type5 = Sector<ref name=sectors>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/PDF/Developing_and_Planned_Neighbourhoods_2011_-_Final_Report.pdf |title=Edmonton Developing and Planned Neighbourhoods, 2011 |publisher=City of Edmonton |access-date=February 13, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904040707/http://www.edmonton.ca/business_economy/documents/PDF/Developing_and_Planned_Neighbourhoods_2011_-_Final_Report.pdf |archive-date=September 4, 2013 }}</ref>
|subdivision_name5 = [[List of neighbourhoods in Edmonton#Southeast sector|Southeast]]
|subdivision_type6 = Area<ref name=MDP>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/MDP_Bylaw_15100.pdf |title=The Way We Grow: Municipal Development Plan Bylaw 15100 |publisher=City of Edmonton |date=2010-05-26 |access-date=February 13, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502001321/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/MDP_Bylaw_15100.pdf |archive-date=May 2, 2015 }}</ref><ref name=plans>{{cite web|url=http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Plans_in_Effect_Map.pdf |title=City of Edmonton Plans in Effect |publisher=City of Edmonton |date=November 2011 |access-date=February 13, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017194152/http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/Plans_in_Effect_Map.pdf |archive-date=October 17, 2013 }}</ref>
|subdivision_name6 = [[The Meadows, Edmonton|The Meadows]]
|government_footnotes= <ref name="councillors">{{Edmonton City Council|ref}}</ref>
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = {{Edmonton City Council|mayor}}
|leader_title1 = Administrative body
|leader_name1 = [[Edmonton City Council]]
|leader_title2 = Councillor
|leader_name2 = {{Edmonton City Council|12}}
|established_title = <!--Established-->
|established_date =
|established_title2 =
|established_date2 =
|area_footnotes = <ref name=nbhds>{{cite web | url=https://data.edmonton.ca/City-Administration/Neighbourhoods-data-plus-kml-file-/65fr-66s6 | title=Neighbourhoods (data plus kml file) | publisher=City of Edmonton | access-date=February 13, 2013}}</ref> <!--area generated using GIS in NAD83 UTM Zone 11 projection-->
|area_total_km2 = 1.66
|population_as_of = 2012
|population_footnotes = <ref name=2012population/>
|population_total = 4988
|population_density_km2 = 3004.8
|population_blank1_title = Change <small>(2009–12)</small>
|population_blank1 = {{increase}}3%
|population_blank2_title = Dwellings
|population_blank2 = 1678
|coordinates = {{coord|53.479|-113.382|dim:4km_region:CA-AB_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 711
|website =
|footnotes =
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Larkspur** is a southeast residential neighbourhood in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is part of The Meadows area, located just to the east of the Mill Woods area.
It is bounded on the west by 34 Street, on the east by 17 Street, on the north by Whitemud Drive and on the south by 38 Avenue. Because of curves in the routes followed by Whitemud Drive and 38 Avenue, the neighbourhood\'s east end is much narrower than its west end.
The neighbourhood includes the Meadowbrook retail area at the southwest corner and a new and larger retail area that is still under development at its east end.
Surrounding residential neighbourhoods are Kiniski Gardens to the west and south west, Wild Rose to the south, and Tamarack to the east and south east. To the north is the South East Industrial subdivision, the north west is the Pylypow Industrial subdivision, and to the north east is the Maple Ridge Industrial subdivision.
Larkspur is a newer neighbourhood with most residential construction occurring between 1985 and 2005. Almost all (98%) of the housing in the neighbourhood is owner occupied, with the most common housing type being single family homes (88%). The remaining 12% are duplexes. The average number of residents per household is 3.4, with almost half (46%) or households having four or five people. In 2006, the City of Edmonton named Larkspur as one of the 20 sites that will be part of their long term multi-pronged housing strategy to create a wider range of housing options to address the city\'s growing needs, called the First Place Home Ownership Program.
Thelma Chalifoux School (7-9), and Velma E. Baker School (K-6), which is located adjacent to Larkspur park, are the only schools in the neighbourhood.
## Demographics
In the City of Edmonton\'s 2012 municipal census, Larkspur had a population of `{{nts|4988}}`{=mediawiki} living in `{{nts|1678}}`{=mediawiki} dwellings, a 3% change from its 2009 population of `{{nts|4841}}`{=mediawiki}. With a land area of 1.66 km2, it had a population density of `{{nts|3004.8}}`{=mediawiki} people/km^2^ in 2012
| 647 |
Larkspur, Edmonton
| 0 |
11,056,603 |
# FLAIM
**FLAIM** (Framework for Log Anonymization and Information Management) is a modular tool designed to allow computer and network log sharing through application of complex data sanitization policies.
FLAIM is aimed at 3 different user communities. First, FLAIM can be used by the security engineer who is investigating a broad incident spanning multiple organizations. Because of the sensitivity inherent in security relevant logs, many organizations are reluctant to share them. However, this reluctance inhibits the sharing necessary to investigate intrusions that commonly span organizational boundaries. Second, anyone designing log analysis or computer forensics tools needs data with which they can test their tools. The larger and more diverse the data set, the more robust they can make their tools. For many, this means they must gather many logs from outside sources, not just what they can generate in-house. Again, this requires log sharing. Third, researchers in many computer science disciplines (e.g., network measurements, computer security, etc.) need large and diverse data sets to study. Having data sanitization tools available makes organizations more willing to share with these researchers their own logs.
FLAIM is available under the Open Source Initiative approved University of Illinois/NCSA Open Source License. This is BSD-style license. It runs on Unix and Unix-like systems, including Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD and Mac OS X.
While FLAIM is not the only *log anonymizer*, it is unique in its flexibility to create complex XML policies and its support for multiple log types. More specifically, it is the only such tool to meet the following 4 goals. (1) FLAIM provides a diverse set of anonymization primitives. (2) FLAIM supports multiple log type, including linux process accounting logs, netfilter alerts, tcpdump traces and NFDUMP NetFlows. (3) With a flexible anonymization policy language, complex policies that make trade-offs between information loss and security can be made. (4) FLAIM is modular and easily extensible to new types of logs and data. The anonymization engine is agnostic to the syntax of the actual log.
## History
Work on *log anonymization* began in 2004 at the NCSA. At first this was for anonymizing logs in-house to share with the SIFT group. Soon there was a need for more powerful anonymization and anonymization of different types of logs. CANINE was created to anonymize and convert between multiple formats of NetFlows. This was a Java GUI-based tool. Later, Scrub-PA was created to anonymize Process Accounting logs. Scrub-PA was based on the Java code used for CANINE. The development of both of these tools were funded under the Office of Naval Research NCASSR research center through the SLAGEL project.
It was quickly realized that building one-off tools for each new log format was not the way to go. Also, the earlier tools were limited in that they could not be scripted from the command line. It was decided that a new, modular command line-based UNIX tool was needed. Because speed was also a concern, this tool need to be written in C++. With the successful acquisition of a Cyber Trust grant from the National Science Foundation, the LAIM Working Group was formed at the NCSA. From this project headed by the PI, Adam Slagell, FLAIM was developed to overcome these limitations of CANINE and Scrub-PA. The first public version of FLAIM, 0.4., was released on July 23, 2006
| 550 |
FLAIM
| 0 |
11,056,614 |
# Münchendorf
**Münchendorf** (`{{IPA|de|ˈmʏnçn̩ˌdɔʁf|lang|De-Münchendorf.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}; Central Bavarian: *Mingaduaf*) is a town in the district of Mödling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
| 22 |
Münchendorf
| 0 |
11,056,615 |
# Lola B06/10
The **Lola B06/10** is a Le Mans Prototype developed by Lola Cars International for use in the LMP1 class of the American Le Mans Series, Le Mans Series, and 24 Hours of Le Mans. It was developed in 2006 as a replacement for the Lola B2K/10 as well as the MG-Lola EX257. It shared much of its mechanical elements and design with the LMP2 class Lola B05/40, which was developed the year prior.
## Development
Due to similarity in the new regulations between LMP1 and LMP2, Lola was able to easily develop an all new LMP1 car based on their existing and successful B05/40 LMP2. Sharing most of the design elements evolved from the MG-Lola EX257, the B06/10 would bring them to a larger scale meant for larger engines than the LMP2 class allowed. This would include increased cooling and air management, as well as the ability to carry much larger engines as well as turbochargers.
Although the nose of the B06/10 is nearly identical to the B05/40, among the most noticeable differences is the use of larger brake ducts between the fenders and raised nose than those seen on the B05/40. Instead of NACA ducts, large squared off openings would be used to collect more air, even if it increased drag. The sides of the car would also include larger openings for the radiators, while extra vents were used to draw away heat and unnecessary air. Unlike the B05/40 though, inlets for the turbochargers would be moved from their position next to the cockpit, to a new position integrated into the rear wheel fenders, partially because two intakes were necessary on the B06/10 while only a single was needed on the B05/40.
For engines, the B06/10 was specifically designed around the use of either the Advanced Engine Research (AER) P32T twin-turbocharged 3.6 Litre V8 or the Judd GV5 naturally aspirated 5.0 Litre V10. While the GV5 has yet to be used, an upgraded GV5.5 S2 5.5 Litre V10 was put into use by Charouz Racing Systems in 2007. Swiss Spirit have also installed an Audi twin-turbocharged 3.6 Litre V8 for the 2007 season, with assistance from Audi Sport.
### Modifications
Like the B05/40, the B06/10 has been continually upgraded by Lola. For 2007 aerodynamic improvements nearly identical to those seen on the B05/40, which included the replacement of the two large ducts between the fenders with a large single duct in a slightly raised nose. This has led to some of the cars to be named B07/10, while the older cars tend to keep the B06/10 name. Some modification to the design of the B06/10 was necessary for Swiss Spirit\'s Audi V8 to be able to be used, although it was minor.
| 456 |
Lola B06/10
| 0 |
11,056,615 |
# Lola B06/10
## Racing history {#racing_history}
In 2006, three B06/10s would be sold to two teams. Dyson Racing would run two cars in the American Le Mans Series while Chamberlain-Synergy would run a single entry in the Le Mans Series, as well as at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. Dyson\'s AER-powered cars would struggle in the ALMS, taking no wins yet finishing second to the dominant Audi R10. Chamberlain-Synergy would see similar results, tying for second in the Le Mans Series with no wins as well, beaten by the dominant Pescarolo Sport team. In 2007, Dyson sold their two B06/10s, with one being bought by Team Cytosport for select rounds of the ALMS, while the second was originally sold to Velocity Motorsports. Intersport Racing bought the car from Velocity to use for the final two races of the ALMS season. Chamberlain-Synergy on the other hand retained their car, and were joined by the Charouz Racing Systems Judd-powered entry and Swiss Spirit\'s Audi-powered car for the Le Mans Series and 24 Hours of Le Mans.
In 2008, the use of the B06/10 greatly declined. Swiss Spirit folded after the 2007 Le Mans Series season. Charouz moved to the Lola B08/80 for the whole of the 2008 Le Mans Series season and only using their B06/10 at the 24 Hours At Le Mans. Chamberlain-Synergy continued to race their Lola in the Le Mans Series, but they scored no points. They later sold their car to an American Team, Autocon Motorsports. In America, Intersport Racing continued to race their B06/10\'s to one class victory due to the disqualification of an Audi R10. Before the 2008 Petit Le Mans, they purchased the Charouz chassis, but the chassis was written off during a late race crash.
In 2009, only Autocon Motorsports and Intersport Racing use the B06/10s. Autocon continued to use the Chamberlain-Synergy chassis from last year. Intersport converted an old Lola B05/40 chassis into a B06/10 chassis in order to race in the 2009 American Le Mans Series season.
In 2011, Autocon Motorsports resurrected the B06/10 to race in the 2011 American Le Mans Series season. However, the team only participated in a partial season and the car almost always ran last in the LMP1 category unless one of the other teams ran into mechanical problems
| 384 |
Lola B06/10
| 1 |
11,056,635 |
# Charles Edward Adams (politician)
**Charles Edward Adams** (October 1, 1867 -- October 6, 1936) was an American lawyer and Republican politician who was a member of the Minnesota Senate and Minnesota\'s 25th Lieutenant Governor.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Adams was born in Boston, Massachusetts in 1867. His family moved to New York in 1882, then later to the Dakota Territory. Adams attended high school and his first year of college in Fargo, North Dakota before transferring to Princeton University in 1892. After a year he transferred to the University of Minnesota where he completed his degree, graduating in 1896. While there Adams played on the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team from 1893 to 1895 as quarterback and halfback. He later earned a law degree from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1900.
## Career
After a brief period as superintendent of the Granite Falls, Minnesota schools.
Adams settled in Duluth, Minnesota and started a law practice. In 1911, he was named special counsel for St. Louis County, Minnesota. In 1914 he was elected to his first term in the Minnesota Senate, a position he would hold for the next 22 years. While a senator he was an advocate for the Babcock Amendment which established the Minnesota trunk highways as well as causes related to transportation, taxation and education. He became president pro tempore of the Minnesota Senate in 1929 which meant that he became acting lieutenant governor after William Ignatius Nolan was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 1902, he married Grace Mabel Tennant. Adams died while in office on October 6, 1936. He is buried in Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis, Minnesota
| 281 |
Charles Edward Adams (politician)
| 0 |
11,056,665 |
# Mikael Simpson
**Mikael Simpson** (born 1974 in Holstebro) is a Danish songwriter, singer, film composer, musician and radio host. He began his musical career as a guitarist for the indie band Luksus, which disbanded in 2001. Since then, he has released four albums as a solo artist, earning him popularity in Denmark. He has performed live with Trentemøller on his Last Resort world tour and collaborates with Fritjhof Toksvig, dj Buda, Lulu Rouge and his band Sølvstorm
| 78 |
Mikael Simpson
| 0 |
11,056,678 |
# Battle of Blair's Landing
The **Battle of Blair\'s Landing** (April 12, 1864) saw a Confederate cavalry-artillery force commanded by Brigadier General Tom Green attack several Union gunboats led by Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter and soldiers in river transports under Brigadier General Thomas Kilby Smith in Red River Parish, Louisiana. Green\'s force attempted but failed to stop the retreat of Porter\'s and Smith\'s forces downstream in an action that was part of the Red River Campaign of the American Civil War. The only significant casualty during the fighting was Green, who was killed by an artillery round.
## Background
### Campaign
President Abraham Lincoln and Major General Henry Halleck wanted a Union army to establish a foothold in Texas by way of the Red River. Major General Nathaniel P. Banks, commander of the Department of the Gulf was ordered to organize an expedition in cooperation with Major Generals William T. Sherman and Frederick Steele. While Steele moved south from Little Rock, Arkansas, with 15,000 troops, Banks moved in two columns. A 17,000-strong column ascended Bayou Teche and joined 10,000 men that came up the Red River under Major General Andrew Jackson Smith to occupy Alexandria, Louisiana on March 18. The Red River force was on loan from Sherman and was accompanied by 13 ironclad and 7 light-draft gunboats from Porter\'s Mississippi River Squadron.
After A. J. Smith\'s force won two minor actions at Fort DeRussy (March 14) and Henderson\'s Hill (March 21), Banks\' army started marching upriver and reached Natchitoches on April 2. Porter started upriver with 6 gunboats and T. K. Smith\'s division of the XVII Corps aboard transports. They planned to meet with Banks\' army at Springfield Landing, 110 mi below Shreveport. However, Major General Richard Taylor drubbed the Union army at the Battle of Mansfield on April 8, forcing Banks to retreat. Reinforced, Taylor attacked Banks again at the Battle of Pleasant Hill on April 9, but was repulsed. Nevertheless, Banks withdrew to Grand Ecore near Natchitoches on the Red River.
### River operations {#river_operations}
On April 7, Porter and T. K. Smith left Grand Ecore and headed upstream on the Red River. Porter commanded the gunboats USS *Cricket*, USS *Chillicothe*, USS *Fort Hindman*, USS *Lexington*, USS *Neosho*, and USS *Osage*, the last two being monitors. There were also several auxiliary vessels. T. K. Smith led 2,500 Union soldiers on 20 river transports. Water level in the river was low, causing the naval vessels to proceed at a slow pace. That day, the expedition reached Campti where it briefly landed a regiment to clear the town and anchored for the night.
On April 8, the expedition reached Coushatta Point where it anchored for the night. Colonel Lyman M. Ward\'s brigade was sent ahead by land to chase away a Confederate force reported 3 mi farther ahead at Coushatta Chute. On April 9, the vessels advanced as far as Nine-Mile Bend before anchoring for the evening. On April 10, the expedition reached the mouth of Loggy Bayou near Springfield Landing where they found the Confederates sank the riverboat *New Falls City* loaded with bricks and mud athwart the channel. While they pondered what to do, a courier arrived from Banks saying his army was defeated and falling back to Grand Ecore. Porter and T. K. Smith decided to obey Banks\' verbal instructions to return to Grand Ecore.
thumb\|right\|upright=0.6\|alt=Black and white photo shows a heavily bearded man wearing a dark military uniform with the one star of a brigadier general on his shoulder tab.\|T. Kilby Smith The warships and other vessels were unable to turn around because the river was so narrow. So, they all had to back down the river with the last vessel in the lead. By the morning of April 11, after working all night, the ships were all able to turn around and proceed downriver bow-first. By this time, groups of Confederates on the east bank under Brigadier General St. John Richardson Liddell peppered the expedition with rifle fire, to which the warships replied with cannon fire. That day, the *Chillicothe* ran hard aground in mid-afternoon and was not freed for several hours. The expedition anchored for the night at Coushatta Chute, having received written orders from Banks to proceed to Grand Ecore.
By late afternoon on April 12, the expedition reached Blair\'s Landing. Several vessels were damaged by snags, logs, tree stumps, collisions, and sandbanks as the river\'s stage fell. The transport *Hastings* was tied up to the west bank to make repairs. The transport *Alice Vivian*, loaded with 400 horses, was hard aground in mid-stream with the *Osage* aground right behind her. The transport *Rob Roy* was behind both, unable to pass. The transport *Black Hawk* was lashed alongside the *Osage* and the *Lexington* was near the east bank. All but five of the river transports had made it safely downstream.
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| 0 |
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# Battle of Blair's Landing
## Battle
### Confederate plans {#confederate_plans}
After the Confederate setback at Pleasant Hill, Taylor met with his superior, General Edmund Kirby Smith who decided to take most of the infantry north to fight Steele\'s Federal force in Arkansas. Kirby Smith left Taylor with only 5,200 troops to face Banks. He feared that Steele might reach the Confederate supply base at Shreveport. Kirby Smith was convinced that if Taylor had more soldiers, he would not be able to feed them in the desolated country between Mansfield and Alexandria. Taylor tried to argue, but he was overruled. Nevertheless, Taylor still believed that he could destroy Banks\' army.
On the morning of April 10, Brigadier General Hamilton P. Bee\'s cavalry rode to Pleasant Hill and found that Banks\' army abandoned the battlefield and was in full retreat. Bee gave chase, but the Federals burned Double Bridge, stopping pursuit. At dawn on April 11, Taylor ordered Colonel Arthur P. Bagby Jr. to intercept Porter\'s expedition at Grand Bayou Landing. Bagby was delayed in crossing the 330 ft wide Bayou Pierre and only reached Grand Bayou Landing after Porter\'s vessels had passed. After being notified of the situation, Taylor ordered Green to intercept Porter. At 6:00 pm on April 11, Green set out with the regiments of Colonels William Henry Parsons, Nicholas C. Gould, and Peter C. Woods, (the 12th Texas, 23rd Texas, and 36th Texas Cavalry Regiments, respectively) and two artillery batteries. With difficulty, Green crossed Bayou Pierre at Jordon\'s Ferry, getting only three cannons across, and rushed his horsemen forward in an all-night march.
### Action
thumb\|right\|upright=0.6\|alt=Photo shows a clean-shaven man with a broad face wearing a gray uniform with two rows of buttons.\|Thomas Green According to William Riley Brooksher, on April 12 in the afternoon, Green arrived at Blair\'s Plantation with about 1,000 soldiers and Captain John A. A. West\'s Grosse Tete (Louisiana) Flying Artillery. Arthur W. Bergeron Jr. stated that only the battery\'s 12-pounder howitzer section was present during the action. Mark M. Boatner III credited Green with 750 men and two batteries. Green assigned Parsons to take charge of the attacking force while Brigadier General James Patrick Major commanded a small reserve. Parsons led his dismounted cavalrymen to the trees on the bluff overlooking the riverbank. This movement was spotted by the pilot of the *Black Hawk*, who alerted the other vessels.
thumb\|left\|upright=0.6\|alt=Photo shows a bronze bust of a man in a naval uniform with a cap.\|T. O. Selfridge Jr. Lieutenant Thomas Oliver Selfridge Jr., commanding the *Osage*, ordered the *Lexington* into action. In response, Lieutenant George M. Bache moved the *Lexington* toward the river\'s edge, 8 in guns blazing, disabling one Confederate gun. At this, Green\'s cavalrymen opened a terrific blast of small arms fire at the Union vessels. The Union infantry aboard the transports fired back, while shielded by cotton bales and sacks of oats. A section of guns on the transport *Emerald*, a howitzer aboard the *Black Hawk*, and four heavy Parrott rifles on the *Rob Roy* added to the fire directed at Green\'s dismounted troopers. John D. Winters asserted that the guns and Union infantry were first landed on the east bank before they came into action. The Confederate battery fired on the *Hastings*, but its first shot fell short. As the *Hastings* quickly steamed away, more missed shots passed overhead.
thumb\|right\|upright=1.0\|alt=Black and white photo of a monitor with low freeboard. On the left is its single turret.\|USS *Osage* Despite the huge volume of small arms fire from both sides, casualties were relatively light. The Confederates were protected by the river\'s high bank while the Federals were helped by their improvised defenses. The fire finally became so intense that the crew and passengers of the *Black Hawk* took refuge aboard the *Osage*. Porter later remarked that, \"there was not a place six inches square that was not perforated by a bullet\", on the *Black Hawk*. The *Osage* worked itself free of the sandbar and moved toward the west bank, firing her 11 in guns. Its gunners soon ran out of canister shot and grapeshot, so they substituted shrapnel shell with one second fuses. The Confederate artillery horses were killed, forcing the men to manhandle their guns into new positions when the Union gunboats found the range.
The *Neosho* appeared, and, together with the *Lexington* and *Fort Hindman*, blasted the west bank with canister and grapeshot for 2 mi. At the same time, the *Alice Vivian* drifted off the shoal, which meant that the fleet could now continue downriver. All the Confederate guns were out of action, so Green decided to charge the vessels. This might have been possible because some of the vessels were in water only shoulder-deep to a horse. One Texan wrote that Green, \"was a man who, when out of whiskey, was a mild mannered gentleman, but when in good supply of old burst-head was all fight.\" Perhaps made reckless from alcohol intake, Green yelled at the men of Woods\' regiment that, \"he was going to show them how to fight.\" Aboard the *Osage*, Selfridge saw an officer on a white horse on the riverbank and had a cannon fired at him, after which the man disappeared. Green was killed by an artillery projectile that took the top of his head off.
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| 1 |
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# Battle of Blair's Landing
## Aftermath
thumb\|right\|upright=0.6\|alt=Black and white photo shows a heavily bearded man in a dark military uniform that has two rows of buttons.\|David D. Porter The action lasted about one hour, ending at dusk when the Union expedition got underway, and the Confederates withdrew. Though both sides believed that they had inflicted heavy losses on their opponents, in fact losses were relatively light. T. K. Smith left his dead and wounded in the hands of the Confederates. Taylor wrote that Green\'s loss was \"an irreparable one.\" Green was replaced by Bee as the commander of Taylor\'s cavalry. Boatner stated that the Union army sustained 50 casualties while the navy lost 7. The National Park Service listed 60 Union and 57 Confederate casualties. That night, the Union expedition traveled downstream until 1:00 am when it anchored for the night. Major led the Confederate cavalry from Blair\'s Landing back to Pleasant Hill.
On April 13, the transport *John Warner* went hard aground, forcing the expedition to halt its progress. Liddell set up two sections of 6-pounder guns on a high bluff at Bouledeau\'s Point and proceeded to fire on the Union fleet from the east bank. One section belonged to Captain Archibald J. Cameron\'s Louisiana battery. The distance was too great and the caliber of the guns too small to do much damage. Nevertheless, fearing that a lucky shot might set off an ammunition explosion, Porter and T. K. Smith sent most of the vessels downriver, headed by the transport *Sioux City*. At the same time, *Osage* fired on Liddell\'s guns, silencing them.
Hearing that the expedition was in trouble, Banks sent A. J. Smith with two brigades, two batteries, and some cavalry to the east bank at 4:00 pm on April 13. After a 12 mi march, these troops reached Campti, found most of the fleet, and drove away Liddell\'s forces. Upstream, the *Fort Hindman* finally succeeded in pulling the *John Warner* free. Meanwhile, the transport *Iberville* grounded near Campti and the *John Warner* stopped to help. These last two stragglers caught up to the rest of the expedition at Grand Ecore on April 16. A witness recalled that the expedition\'s vessels were riddled and their smoke-stacks looked like \"pepper boxes\". When they left Campti, A. J. Smith\'s troops burned the town to the ground
| 388 |
Battle of Blair's Landing
| 2 |
11,056,686 |
# Perchtoldsdorf
**Perchtoldsdorf** (`{{IPA|de|ˈpɛʁçtɔlt͡sdɔʁf|lang|De-Perchtoldsdorf.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}; colloquially *Petersdorf*) is a market town in the Mödling District, in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is known chiefly for its winemaking.
## Geography
It is located immediately at the Vienna city limits, south of the Liesing borough and about 16 km southwest of the city centre. The western parts of the municipal area border on the Vienna Woods mountain range.
With a population of 14,614 (`{{As of|2012|lc=y}}`{=mediawiki}), Perchtoldsdorf is the district\'s second largest municipality, after the administrative seat Mödling. It is served by the Vienna S-Bahn network and can also be reached by bus and tramway lines run by the Wiener Linien public transport company.
## History
The area formed a coast region of the Paratethys sea during the miocene epoch, documented by numerous fossilizations of marine creatures. Neolithic circular enclosures suggest the assumption that the plain was continuously settled from about 6000 BC onwards. Perchtoldsdorf Castle probably was laid out before 1000 AD, part of a chain of fortifications along the eastern rim of the Vienna Woods. One Lord *Heinricus de Pertoldesdorf* was mentioned in an 1138 deed, during the Babenberg rule, while the region belonged of the March of Austria. The Babenberg margraves had to defend the newly conquered territories from the recently displaced Magyars on behalf of the Ottonian and Salian emperors. Their Perchtoldsdorf vassals continued to rule from the castle even when the Babenberg dynasty became extinct in 1246.
Upon the death of Otto von Perchtoldsdorf in 1286, the control passed to the House of Habsburg, uncontested rulers over the Duchy of Austria since the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld. During this late medieval period, the settlement was granted market rights and Perchtoldsdorf Castle was used as a *wittum* residence for the widowed duchess-consorts of the Habsburg dynasty, including Beatrice of Hohenzollern, the widow of Duke Albert III of Austria. Duchess Beatrice established a hospital in 1407, now demolished, and an attached church which is still preserved. The conflict between the Habsburg emperor Frederick III and his younger brother Archduke Albert VI of Austria started an unstable period in the region. In 1446, many homes in the town were burned during the invasion of the Hungarian regent John Hunyadi. During this time, the castle was occupied by various rival forces, including mercenaries of King Matthias Corvinus from 1477 until about 1490, when Frederick\'s son King Maximilian I re-established Habsburg control over the area. This turbulent period interrupted the construction of the tower house (*Wehrturm*), the town\'s landmark with a height of 60 m, which started in 1450 and was finished about 1521. The tower and other fortifications permitted a successful defense of the city against the Ottoman troops under the command of Suleiman the Magnificent during the 1529 Siege of Vienna, while the surrounding area was devastated.
An Ottoman assault in a second siege in July 1683 destroyed the town and ended in a massacre. The Ottomans reneged on their surrender terms after the city capitulated and the keys had been handed over. When the Viennese defense commander, Count Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg heard of the post-surrender destruction of Perchtoldsdorf, he decided he could not trust a similar offer from the Ottoman commander Kara Mustafa Pasha to surrender Vienna.
In 1842, Perchtoldsdorf received access to the Austrian Southern Railway to Wiener Neustadt, whereafter the town became a tourist destination for vacations and visits to the nearby region of the Vienna Woods. It also continued a long history of viticulture and wine cultivation as the primary agricultural product.
## Population
| 590 |
Perchtoldsdorf
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# Perchtoldsdorf
## Media
The early full-colour feature film *The Miracle* was partly shot on location in and around the parish church in October 1912
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# Aya Benzer 2003
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# Oakfield Park School
**Oakfield Park School** (formerly **OakTree School**) is a coeducational special school in Ackworth, West Yorkshire, England.
In early 2000s Oakfield Tree School was renamed into Oakfield Park School
On 5 September 2017 new classrooms were opened, and to communicate with new and ongoing students (though kept a`{{clarify|reason=missing words implied by grammar|date=December 2019}}`{=mediawiki} ongoing students) a Blu-ray Disc system was installed in some classrooms.
The village planned to open an Ackworth FM studio and launch the station by 2019 next to the Oakfield Park School on the left side of the tennis court. This failed due to the station going into administration, and the station license was not awarded by Ofcom. The building was demolished.
## New building {#new_building}
In late-2014 work on the New Building had begun. The new building was completed, and a new logo was introduced in summer 2015. Jumpers and T-shirts for students were redesigned accordingly.
## Mobile phones ban {#mobile_phones_ban}
In February 2019, The school banned the use of mobile phones in school because of the calling too hard, noise and other expensive calls.
## App
In May 2019 Oakfield Park School launched a new app called SchoolJotter which is available for Android and iOS devices.
## Productions
- The Good Old Days/The Days Gone By
- The Jungle Book Show featuring Survivor and more
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# Ad Tak
**Adrianus Johannes \"Ad\" Tak** (born 8 June 1953) is a retired Dutch cyclist who was active between 1973 and 1985. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics and finished in 50th place in the road race.
His uncle, Anton Tak, was also a professional cyclist
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# Vösendorf
**Vösendorf** (Central Bavarian: *Vesnduaf*) is a town in the district of Mödling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# Ahmad Band
**Ahmad Band** is an Indonesian rock supergroup formed by Ahmad Dhani in 1998. Initially meant to be Dhani\'s solo album project, he formed the band since he did not like to be known as a solo singer. The band released one album, *Ideologi Sikap Otak*, in 1998 and are best remembered for the hit songs \"Distorsi\" and \"Aku Cinta Kau dan Dia\". Inactive since 1999, the band reunited in 2021 with Ahmad Dhani and Andra Ramadhan as the original members (also the remaining original members of Dewa 19), among with others.
The formation in 2021 includes Ahmad Dhani (from Dewa 19) and Andra Ramadhan (from Dewa 19) as the original members, as well as Thomas Ramdhan (from Gigi), Yoyo Prasetyo (from Padi and Musikima), Stephan Santoso (from Musikimia), and Ikmal Tobing (from T.R.I.A.D., and Mahadewa) as the new members. Past members in 1998-1999 era include Pay Burman (from BIP, ex-Slank), Bongky Marcel (The Flowers, ex Slank) and Bimo Sulaksono (ex-Netral, ex-Dewa 19).
## History
### 1998: Formation
Having achieved mainstream success in 1998, Ahmad Dhani feels that Dewa 19\'s songs are only about love and relationships. Following Indonesian Revolution in the same year, Dhani needed to express himself in the field of general life and politics, which he has been interested in for a long time. In an interview Dhani said \"I really wanted to make social criticism songs with good music. Previously, social criticism songs did not have sophisticated music\". Did not want to be known as a solo singer, then Dhani recruited Andra Ramadhan (his guitarist in Dewa 19), and Bongky Marcel, Pay Burman (who just left Slank) which he met earlier in a studio. Bimo (the drummer of Netral at that time) was recruited also, since Dhani like this drumming style.
**1998--1999: *Ideologi Sikap Otak***
Differs from his songwriting style in Dewa 19 where he use keyboard as his main instrument, Dhani use composed the songs in guitar, resulting in different chord progressions. Ahmad Band then released *Ideologi Sikap Otak*, their only album to date, which known for songs such as \"Distorsi\" and \"Aku Cinta Kau dan Dia\". The album is currently deleted in physical format. Compared to some of Dewa\'s million selling album releases, the Ahmad Band project was only moderately successful.
**1999--2021: Inactivity and other projects**
The band remains inactive since 1999, where Dhani and Andra found even bigger success in Dewa 19\'s new formation (notably with Once as their new vocalist, and Tyo Nugros recruited into Dewa 19) through the album releases of \"Bintang Lima\" in 2000, \"Cintailah Cinta\" in 2002, \"Laskar Cinta\" in 2004, and \"Republik Cinta\" in 2006. Andra also found success in his solo project \"Andra and the Backbone\" with Stevie Item (also known as the member of Deadsquad). Even during the hiatus of Dewa 19, Dhani also formed other groups such as \"T.R.I.A.D\", \"Mahadewa\", \"The Rock\", and become one of the judge for Indonesian Idol and X Factor Indonesia, leaving Ahmad Band out of the equation.
**2021--present: Reunion**
Dhani announced the reunion of Ahmad Band through an Instagram post he made in January 2021. However Dhani used quotation marks in the \"reunion\", since it will be only Dhani and Andra as the original members will be present in the reunion. Other members present in the reunion are known musicians such as Thomas Ramdhan (from Gigi), Yoyo Prasetyo (from Padi and Musikima), Stephan Santoso (from Musikimia), and Ikmal Tobing (from T.R.I.A.D., and Mahadewa)
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# Taza Jol Islam
**Taza Jol** (*таза жол* --- \"pure way\") is a strict form of Islam practiced amongst Turkistani and Kazakhs. Taza Jol at its core is a strict adherence to the five pillars of Islam, but beyond that it requires observers to live a godfearing and charitable life.
The Taza Jol is a difficult belief system to satisfy; most cosmopolitan Kazakhs cannot fulfill its obligations, so that Taza Jol is largely practiced in old age, when a person has the time and resources to commit. For this reason, many of these aged individuals will strive to fulfill their Muslim obligations, as well as practice the Taza Jol for those in their family. Taza Jol is the way of practicing Islam which most Muslims in the region aspire to. However, to strictly follow the practice has become too trying for Muslims of the present day
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# Clay Crosse
**Clay Crosse** (born **Walter Clayton Crossnoe**, February 11, 1967) is a contemporary Christian music artist. He has won four GMA Dove Awards, and is probably best known for the single \"I Surrender All\".
## Music career {#music_career}
Clay Crosse grew up in Memphis, Tennessee, and became a Christian at the age of 13. He married his high school sweetheart, Renee Kennedy. Initially, Clay worked as a courier for FedEx for six years. He then released his first album, *My Place Is With You*, in 1994. \"I Surrender All\" was the most successful single from the album. With the success of his musical career, Clay was able to leave FedEx and concentrate on music full-time in 1994.
Clay\'s music has a pop style. He became known for singles such as \"I Surrender All\", \"Midnight Cry\", \"He Walked A Mile\", \"Saving The World\", and \"I Will Follow Christ\". He won the Dove Award for \"New Artist of the Year\" at the 25th GMA Dove Awards in 1994. Nine songs from his first four albums became No. 1 singles, and \"He Walked A Mile\" won the 1997 CCM Adult Contemporary Song of the Year. In 1999, his song \"I Will Follow Christ\" won the Dove Award for Inspirational Song of the Year. He collaborated on the song with Bob Carlisle and BeBe Winans.
Following his initial success, Clay went through a time of contemplation and reckoning in his life, one that he describes as \"the greatest time of spiritual growth I had ever experienced.\" After having difficulties with his singing voice, Clay hired a vocal coach, Chris Beatty. At their first appointment, Beatty questioned him about his spiritual life. After praying with the coach that day, Crosse confessed to his wife that he had been struggling with his thought life and that pornography had played a role. It took one year for his relationship with his wife to fully heal. Later, Clay stated that he was thankful that God protected and strengthened his and Renee\'s marriage during this time. With the changes in his personal life, Clay released *A Different Man* in 1999. The songs \"98\", \"Sinner\'s Prayer\" and \"Arms of Jesus\" were written reflecting his personal growth. Touring with Jaci Velasquez, he spoke to teenagers, encouraging sexual abstinence before marriage. He also worked in conjunction with the national student movement True Love Waits. Clay states, \"During this life-changing time for me there was a clear change in my career. What was once a focus on \'Christian entertainment\' was now a genuine calling to the ministry.\"
Clay then began working in local ministry, serving as worship pastor for The Love of Christ (TLC) Community Church in Memphis under head pastor Dana Key (of the Christian Rock group DeGarmo and Key). This was Clay\'s first staff position at a local church. During this time, he signed a deal with the TAG Artist Group to release the CD and DVD *Eternity With You: Live Worship*. The release of the CD and DVD coincided with the publication of his book *I Surrender All*. In 2007, he released the single \"Believe\".
Clay has served as lead worship pastor at the following churches: First Baptist Church of Winter Garden, Winter Garden, Florida 2023-present; First Baptist Church, Bentonville, Arkansas 2013--2023; Faith Baptist Church, Arlington, Tennessee 2010 - 2013; The Love of Christ Church (TLC) 2004 - 2008.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Clay married Renee Kennedy in 1990. They have four children, Shelby (1993), Savannah (1997), Garrett (1999, adopted from China in 2007), and Sophie (2005, adopted from China in 2005).
Clay and Renee Crosse co-wrote a book with Mark Tabb titled *I Surrender All.* Clay also authored the book *Dashboard Jesus: Distinctive Reminders for Distracted Men*. Renee has authored the books *Rare Girl* and *Reclaiming Stolen Intimacy*.
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# Clay Crosse
## Discography
Clay Crosse has released a total of ten albums: seven studio albums, two compilation albums, one live worship album, and one Christmas album.
### Albums
- 1993: *My Place Is With You* (Reunion)
- 1995: *Time To Believe* (Reunion)
- 1997: *Stained Glass* (Reunion) -- #141 on the *Billboard* 200
- 1999: *I Surrender All: The Clay Crosse Collection, Vol. 1* (Reunion) -- compilation
- 2000: *A Different Man* (Reunion)
- 2002: *Christmas With Clay Crosse* (Butterfly)
- 2005: *Eternity With You: Live Worship* (TAG Artist Group) -- CD/DVD live worship album
- 2005: *Simply Clay Crosse* (Brentwood Music) -- compilation
- 2009: *Anthems* (HolyHomes)
- 2011: *Everytime I Feel the Spirit* (HolyHomes)
- 2012: *Rededication* (Ccm Forever Music)
- 2019: *Freewill Offering* (Inov8 Music)
### Singles
- 1993: \"My Place Is With You\"
- 1994: \"I Surrender All\"
- 1994: \"I Call Your Name\"
- 1995: \"His Love\'s Comin\' Over Me\"
- 1995: \"His Love Is Strong\"
- 1995: \"The Blood Will Never Lose Its Power\"
- 1996: \"The Rock\"
- 1996: \"Time to Believe\"
- 1997: \"Saving the World\"
- 1997: \"He Walked a Mile\"
- 1998: \"Must Have Been Your Hands\"
- 1998: \"Sold Out Believer\"
- 1998: \"He Ain\'t Heavy\"
- 1999: \"I Will Follow Christ\" (with BeBe Winans and Bob Carlisle)
- 2000: \"More Like You\"
- 2001: \"Arms of Jesus\"
- 2001: \"Sinner\'s Prayer\"
- 2001: \"No Fear\"
- 2007: \"Believe\"
MArvie
## Awards
Clay Crosse has won four Dove Awards.
- 25th GMA Dove Awards -- New Artist of the Year
- 1997 Dove Awards -- Special Event Album of the Year, *Tribute-The Songs of Andrae Crouch* (compilation album won with CeCe Winans, Michael W. Smith, Twila Paris, Bryan Duncan, Wayne Watson, The Winans, Take 6, The Brooklyn Tabernacle Choir, First Call, Andrae Crouch and the All Star Choir; Norman Miller, Neal Joseph; Warner Alliance)
- 1998 Dove Awards -- Special Event Album of the Year, *God With Us: A Celebration of Christmas Carols & Classics* (compilation won with Anointed, Michael W
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# Wiener Neudorf
**Wiener Neudorf** (`{{IPA|de|ˈviːnɐ ˈnɔʏdɔʁf|-|De-Wiener Neudorf.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}; Central Bavarian: *Weana Neiduaf*) is an Austrian town in the eastern part of the Mödling district, south of Vösendorf and Maria Enzersdorf, west of Biedermannsdorf, and north of Guntramsdorf.
## History
First settled in 4000 B.C., the first mention of Wiener Neudorf was as *Nowendorf* in the mid-12th century. In 1270 a paper mentioned tolls for traveling from Sollenau and *Neudorf*. Circa 1500 the \'Feste Neudorf\' fortification was destroyed twice by invading Turks. In 1854, Wiener Neudorf became the official name, which stemmed from the postal system development in the early 19th century (Wiener Neudorf gained the letter \'W\' to differentiate the name).`{{Clarify|Wasn't the whole word "Wiener" added (and Feste dropped)?|date=May 2008}}`{=mediawiki}
Wiener Neudorf industrialisation began in the mid-19th century especially due to the available clay used by the *Neudorfer Ziegelwerke* of Wienerberger. The *Austria Brauerei* major brewery was located in Wiener Neudorf as well. By 1900 the telephone network was unified with the neighbouring municipalities and the sewage system had been extended.
Nazi Germany: After the 1938 Anschluss, Wiener Neudorf became part of the 24th municipality of Vienna. Circa 1940 construction of the Flugmotorenwerke Ostmark aircraft engine factory was started at Wiener Neudorf, and forced labor was provided by a subcamp of Mauthausen concentration camp. Allied attacks included the August 23, 1944 raid which bombed the South industrial area of Vienna, including the Wiener Neudorf aircraft engine factory, the Vösendorf oil refinery, and Markersdorf Airfield. An earlier bombing was on July 26, 1944.[1](http://www.purplehearts.net/id7.html) On April 6, 1945, the town fell into Russian hands.
Mödling was returned to Lower Austria in 1954.
## Population
## Politics
By seats in the municipal council. Total 33.
Election ÖVP (\'Conservatives\') SPÖ (\'Labour\') Grüne (\'Green\') UFO (Local Party) FPÖ (\'Nationalistic\')
---------- ------------------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------- -------------------------
2005 3 18 0 12 0
2010 12 17 0 3 1
2015 11 15 0 5 2
## Traffic
Wiener Neudorf lies directly at the B-17 \'Wiener Neudstädter Strasse\', a major traffic route. Due to the proximity of the Shopping City Süd, the road experiences frequent traffic jams. Also close to the town lies the A2 \'Südautobahn\'.
## Economy
Wiener Neudorf is home to the \'Industriezentrum NÖ Süd\', a conglomerate of various industries and major economy factor in the south of Vienna.
## Culture and Sights {#culture_and_sights}
- **Altes Rathaus** (lit. \'Old town hall\') - now a cultural center in Wiener Neudorf
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# The Last Grain Race
***The Last Grain Race*** is a 1956 book by Eric Newby, a travel writer, about his time spent on the four-masted steel barque *Moshulu* during the vessel\'s last voyage in the Australian grain trade.
## Background to the book {#background_to_the_book}
In 1938 the 18-year-old Newby shipped aboard the four-masted barque *Moshulu* as an apprentice. His outbound passage from Europe to Australia was via the Cape of Good Hope. His return was around Cape Horn. The *Moshulu* was at the time one of the largest sailing ships still transporting grain.
While 1939 was arguably the last Grain race worthy of the name, as it was followed by World War II and the consequent near-total interruption of commercial shipping, commercial sailing ships still sailed the route after the war for two more years in 1948 and 1949.
## Summary of content {#summary_of_content}
Newby finds out that his advertising agency, the Wurzel Agency, has lost a lucrative cereal account and he decides to write to Gustav Erikson of Mariehamn for a place on one of his grain ships, having been inspired with tales of the sea by an old family friend, Mr Mountstewart. Much to his surprise, he is accepted by \'Ploddy Gustav\', the owner of the largest fleet of square-rigged deep-water sailing vessels in the world at that time.
After fitting himself out with heavy-weather gear, Newby makes his way to Belfast where *Moshulu* is discharging her cargo in York Dock. He meets some of the crew and they take him out on a drinking binge, but not before the second mate has ordered him \"op the rigging\". As the ship waits in port, he spends his time chipping away at the rust on the ship\'s hull but also befriends John Sömmarström, the ship\'s sailmaker, 58 years old, 43 of which have been at sea, who explains all the technicalities of a square rig to the young greenhorn.
The ship has a rough passage through the Irish Sea and ten days out they are passing Gibraltar. The ship\'s forecastle where the crew sleeps is overrun by bugs, including their beds, so they string hammocks (with practical jokers cutting the ropes they hang from). 24 days out, the ship picks up the Trade Wind and *Moshulu* is hit by a tornado. By now the crew is getting desperate for any food different from their staple menu and Newby shares his last can of peaches with another crewman, Kroner.
On the 34th day, *Moshulu* crosses the Equator and, along with a bottle of Akvavit from the captain, the new crewmen undergo the initiation ceremony -- their heads are covered in tar and red lead. It is at this stage that Newby almost kills himself by not attaching his bosun\'s chair correctly. He also has to undertake horrific jobs like cleaning the heads (the lavatories) and doing backstern---washing up for the 20 occupants of the three forecastles. Tension rises as weather conditions worsen, and Newby finally fights Hermansonn, whom Newby is able to smash after ten minutes.
*Moshulu* finally reaches port and the ship is loaded with 60,000 sacks (about 5000 tons) of grain - \"wheat\" in America, \"corn\" elsewhere - at Port Lincoln in South Australia and all the crew go on a bender since they at last receive their measly pay. The ship sails on to Port Victoria and the crew have to offload the ballast on the outer-ballast grounds, working amidst the stench of two dead dog carcasses that the Belfast stevedores had kindly included. The ship finally leaves Australia on 11 March 1939 and Newby\'s new job, given to him by the First Mate who dislikes him, is to muck out the pigsties of four large pigs---\"dose brodders of yours\". Moshulu is prepared to meet the Southern Ocean and Newby at last experiences some real storms as the sea washes over the deck and the crew have to deal with flapping sails perched high up in the rigging. Newby manages to fall off the yard backwards, knocked off by 40 ft of canvas, but fortunately becomes entangled in the weather rigging 5 ft below the yard.
The storm finally abates but not before it enters its most impressive phase.
> We were cold and wet, and yet too excited to sleep \... watching the seas rearing up astern as high as a three-storeyed house. It was not only their height that was impressive but their length. Between the greatest of them there was a distance that could only be estimated in relation to the ship, as much as four times her entire length, or nearly a quarter of a mile.
Newby goes aloft into the fore rigging:
> At this height, 130 feet up, in a wind blowing 70 miles an hour, the noise was an unearthly scream. Above me was the naked topgallant yard and above that again the royal to which I presently climbed \... the high whistle of the wind through the halliards sheaf, and above all the pale blue illimitable sky, cold and serene, made me deeply afraid and conscious of my insignificance.
As they round Cape Horn, the crew have become bored by the desolation around them and engage in a tug-of-war competition from which Newby emerges victorious. They also kill a pig to celebrate Good Friday and they also spot another four-master---the *Passat*---whom they pass which makes Captain Sjögren happy. Having passed Cape Horn and the Falkland Islands, the crew start to realize they are making a record-breaking passage. The crew are now becoming famished, having to eat \'Buffelo\' (boiled salt beef) the whole time cooked by the \'Kock\'. However, life becomes easier with the return of the Trades but then *Moshulu* becomes becalmed. They finally cross the Line and are given a huge rum ration which they find difficult to get through, and spirits are lifted when they think they have caught a shark but it bends the hook. The last pig, Filamon, is slaughtered and the crew eat so much pork that it wreaks havoc with their stomachs.
Hopes of beating *Parma\'s* record of 83 days to Falmouth vanish as they believe the calms north of the line may have been too much for *Moshulu*. As she approaches Fastnet, the ship is approached by five men in a rowing boat to whom they give presents and they also receive some lobsters from a smack. On June 10, 1939, *Moshulu* reaches Queenstown, 91 days from Port Victoria and, as *Padua* takes 93 days to reach Falmouth, they have won the Last Grain Race. On 27 June, the ship is warped with difficulty into Queen\'s Dock, Glasgow. Captain Sjögren, with whom Newby has had a stiffly formal relationship, asks him if he is coming again as he inks in his discharge as Ordinary Seaman, but Newby leaves through the dock gates and never sees *Moshulu* again.
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# The Last Grain Race
## The Erikson Line {#the_erikson_line}
Today steel, square-rigged sailing ships no longer trade the oceans of the world. Gustav Erikson of Mariehamn, Finland was the last man to own a great fleet of sailing ships and Newby relates that he never met any foremast hand who liked \'Ploddy Gustav\'. Originally, as a boy of nine, he had gone to sea in a sailing vessel engaged in the North Sea timber trade. At the age of nineteen he got his first command in the North Sea, and after that spent six years in deep-water sail as a mate. From 1902 to 1913 he was master of a number of square-rigged vessels before becoming an owner.
By the 1930s, the grain trade from South Australia to Europe was the last enterprise in which square-riggers could engage with any real hope of profit, and then only if the owner had a keen interest in reducing running costs. As Newby notes, Erikson had to pay his crews as little as possible and he could not afford to insure ships, but he also had to maintain them at such a standard that they were rated 100 A1 at Lloyd\'s. From Newby\'s own description he was a formidable character:
*He was respected and feared as a man over whose eyes no wool could be pulled by the masters whom he employed to sail his ships, and the tremors they felt were passed down to the newest joined apprentice. Of such stuff discipline is made. A now out-moded word, but sailing ships do not stay afloat and make fast passages at the pleasure of a committee of seamen.*
On board, *Moshulu* was captained by Captain Mikael Sjögren, with a crew of twenty-eight, including officers, cook, steward etc. The work of handling large acreages of sail was very heavy, even for men and boys with strong constitutions. Bending a complete set of fair-weather canvas was no easy job, and sail changing was always done four times on a voyage as a ship entered and left the Trade Winds. In one period of twenty-four hours when the Pampero (a wind off the east coast of South America) was blowing, the port and starboard watches, eight men to a watch, took in, re-set, took and re-set again twenty-eight sails, the heaviest of which weighed 1^1^/~2~ tons - a total of 112 operations
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# Fire control tower
A **fire control tower** is a structure located near the coastline, used to detect and locate enemy vessels offshore, direct fire upon them from coastal batteries, or adjust the aim of guns by spotting shell splashes. Fire control towers came into general use in coastal defence systems in the late 19th century, as rapid development significantly increased the range of both naval guns and coastal artillery. This made fire control more complex. These towers were used in a number of countries\' coastal defence systems through 1945, much later in a few cases such as Sweden. The Atlantic Wall in German-occupied Europe during World War II included fire control towers.
The U.S. Coast Artillery fire control system included many fire control towers. These were introduced in the U.S. with the Endicott Program, and were used between about 1900 and the end of WWII.
## A typical fire control tower {#a_typical_fire_control_tower}
A fire control tower usually contained several fire control stations, known variously as observation posts (OPs), base end stations, or spotting stations from which observers searched for enemy ships, fed data on target location to a plotting room, or spotted the fall of fire from their battery, so the aim of the guns could be adjusted. For example, the fire control tower at Site 131-1A contained one OP, two base end stations, and two spotting stations. A shorthand notation was used to identify the stations.
For instance, the top story of Site 131-1A was planned to contain base end station #3 and spotting station #3 for Battery #15. The overall plan document for the harbor defenses contained a list that linked the tactical numbers of all batteries to their names. That document also contained an organization chart that identified all the Command (C) and Group (G) codes, like \"G3.\"
These towers were arrayed in networks along the coast on either side of the artillery batteries they supported. The number and height of the towers was determined by the range of the guns involved. Many fire control towers were also part of a harbor\'s antiaircraft warning system. Spotters occupied cramped \"crow\'s nests\" on the top floors of the towers that enabled them to lift a trapdoor in the tower\'s roof and scan the sky for approaching aircraft.
When an enemy surface craft was detected, bearings to it were measured from a pair of towers, using instruments like azimuth scopes or depression position finders. Since the distances along the line between the towers (called a baseline) had already been precisely measured by surveyors, the length of this baseline, plus the two bearing angles from two stations at the ends of the line (also called base end stations) to the target, could be used to plot the position of the target by a mathematical process called triangulation.
A fire control tower was usually five to ten stories tall, depending on the height of the site at which it was built and the area it had to cover. Often made of poured concrete, its lower floors were usually unoccupied and were capped by occupied observation levels. Staircases ran up to the lowest observation level, and wooden ladders were then used to climb to higher levels. But some fire control structures built atop coastal hills or bluffs only needed to be one- or two-story buildings, and were built of wood or brick. Sometimes these buildings were camouflaged as private homes, and were referred to as fire control \"cottages.\"
The center of octagonal concrete mounting pad on the eight floor of 131-1A (which was meant to support a depression position finder) was usually the surveyed point at the end of the baseline (and thus the precise location of the base end station). A survey marker embedded in the tower\'s roof directly above this pad defined this point. Other observing instruments on lower floors of the tower were usually lined up directly beneath the eighth floor mounting pad and the rooftop marker, so they shared the same latitude and longitude. The pipe stands shown on floors six and seven of the Nahant Site 131-1A tower probably held azimuth scopes, which were less complex telescopes that determined bearings to a target but not its range from the tower.
Site 131-1A had electric lights, phones, and radio communications, and a time interval bell that was used for coordinating fire control information. Some fire control towers were also the mounting points for coast surveillance or fire control radar antennas. Although our sample tower has a simple, square appearance, some versions of these towers in New England had round or partly octagonal plans.
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# Fire control tower
## A network of fire control structures {#a_network_of_fire_control_structures}
Each major battery of Coast Artillery guns was supported by a network of fire control structures (towers, cottages, or buildings) which were spread out along the nearby coast. Guns of longer range had larger numbers of fire control stations in their networks. Depending on where the target ship was located and upon other tactical conditions, one or more of these stations would be selected to control the fire from a given battery on that target.
For a WW2-era example, take Battery Murphy, the two 16 inch guns in Nahant, MA. Murphy used ten fire control stations that made up Battery Murphy\'s fire control network, which was spread out over about forty miles of coastline running from Station 1 (Fourth Cliff) in the south to Station 10 (Castle Hill) in the north. Half of these stations were located in tall towers, and half in low-rise cottages.
The length of the baselines running between each pair of stations was known very precisely. For example, Station #1 and Station #2 were 12,249.63 yard apart. These distances were plugged into the triangulation equations for the pair of stations involved in sighting on a particular target in order to compute its position. As the target ship moved along the coast, different pairs of fire control stations (and therefore different baselines) would come into play. Very precise measurements were also taken of the distance between the directing point of each battery (often the pintle center of its Gun #1) and each fire control station\'s observing point. These distance could also be used for target location, if one of the observations was taken from the battery itself and another from the distant station.
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# Fire control tower
## Gallery
<File:Nahant-1A-FCT-Plan.jpg%7CA> plan of all the floors of Nahant Site 1A <File:Nahant-1A-FCT-Elev.jpg%7CElevation> drawings of Nahant Site 131-1A <File:Nahant-Site2A-FCT.jpg%7CFire> control tower at East Point MR Nahant, Massachusetts <File:Ft-Monroe-FCT.jpg%7CA> fire control tower at Ft. Monroe, VA (Destroyed 2001) <File:Ft-Miles-FCT.jpg%7CA> fire control tower at Ft. Miles, DE <File:Fire> Control Tower 23.JPG\|Fire Control Tower 23, also part of Fort Miles, but across the Delaware Bay in New Jersey <File:FireControlDemonstration.jpg%7CTriangulation> using two fire control towers <File:Strawberry-Pt-Site-115-1D.jpg%7CStrawberry> Point Base-End Station <File:Andrews-East-FCT-x2.jpg%7CComposite> view of 1904 East Side fire control structure at Ft. Andrews, Peddocks Island, MA <File:FortFunstonObs01.jpg%7CFire> control position at Fort Funston, CA, modified as a hang glider platform <File:FortBurnsideHECP01.jpg%7CFormer> Harbor Entrance Control Post disguised as a cottage, Fort Burnside, Jamestown, RI <File:FortStarkHECP03.jpg%7CFormer> Harbor Entrance Control Post-Harbor Defense Command Post disguised as a battleship bridge, Fort Stark, New Castle, NH <File:Pt> Allerton FCT.jpg\|Former fire control tower resembling a lighthouse, Hull, MA <File:Point> Allerton FCT.jpg\|Utility Report for the Point Allerton FCT <File:EmersonPointFCT
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# Emerge Stimulation Drink
**Emerge** is a carbonated mixed-fruit flavour energy drink from the United Kingdom which contains taurine and caffeine. It is produced by the Cott Corporation at their packaging facility at Kegworth in Leicestershire. It is sold in Sainsburys, Asda, Poundland, Home Bargains and other retailers, usually newsagents. Its primary difference from competing brand-name energy drinks such as Red Bull and Relentless is the comparatively lower RRP of between 59p and 75p (250ml can). It can often be found at a lower price than this, for example in pound shops or more recently, for loyalty card prices.
The brand is the sixth largest in the UK, after Lucozade, Red Bull, Monster, Relentless and Rockstar.
In 2014, 15.1 million litres of the drink was produced, an increase of 24.3% on the previous year.
## Ingredients
Listed below is the ingredients for the regular version:
- Carbonated water
- Sugar
- Sweets
- Citric acid
- Taurine (0.3%)
- Glucuronolactone (0.24%) (Not in the 1-litre bottle)
- Flavouring (including caffeine (0.03%))
- Acidity regulator (sodium citrates)
- Inositol
- Colours (sulfite, ammonia caramel, carmoisine)
- Vitamins (niacin, B~5~, B~6~, B~2~, B~12~)
- Preservative (sodium benzoate)
Not recommended for people who may be sensitive to caffeine, or for pregnant women or children.
All versions of Emerge are suitable for vegetarians and vegans.
Available in 250 and 330 ml cans, 500 ml and 1 l plastic bottles. Also non sparkling, isotonic drinks in two flavours (orange and mixed berry) available in 500 ml plastic bottles.
## Flavours
Two new flavours of Emerge were released in 2011, the Mixed Berry flavour and the Tropical flavour. Listed below are the flavours: In 2021 more flavours were added including Zero White and Impact.
Flavour Can Price
---------------- ------------------- -------
Original Red and silver 59p
Original light Silver and red 59p
Tropical Orange and silver 59p
Mixed Berry Purple and silver 59p
Citrus Green and silver 59p
Zero White White and silver 59p
Impact Red and black 59p
## Sponsorship
Emerge sponsored NME\'s 2011 Emerge Radar 2011 Tour
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# Wienerwald, Austria
**Wienerwald** (Central Bavarian: *Weanawoid*) is a municipality in the district of Mödling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. It is named after the forest Wienerwald
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# Antonio Johnson (defensive tackle)
**Antonio Rico Johnson** (born December 8, 1984) is a former American football nose tackle. He was selected by the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL) in the fifth round of the 2007 NFL draft. He has also played for the Indianapolis Colts. He played college football at Mississippi State.
## College career {#college_career}
He played defensive tackle at Mississippi Delta Community College for two years earning honorable mention All-America honors before transferring to Mississippi State University to play from 2003 to 2006.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Tennessee Titans (first stint) {#tennessee_titans_first_stint}
The Tennessee Titans selected Johnson as the 152nd overall pick in 2007 NFL draft. He was given the number 96 by the Titans. On August 1, 2007, Johnson tore his ACL while participating in training camp drills and was forced to miss his entire rookie season.
Johnson spent the first nine weeks of the 2008 regular season on the Titans\' practice squad.
### Indianapolis Colts {#indianapolis_colts}
Johnson was signed to the Indianapolis Colts\' active roster from the Tennessee Titans\' practice squad on November 4, 2008.
### Tennessee Titans (second stint) {#tennessee_titans_second_stint}
On May 13, 2013, Johnson agreed to terms with the Titans, reuniting him with the team that drafted him. Johnson was on hiatus from football in 2014.
### New England Patriots {#new_england_patriots}
On December 31, 2014, Johnson signed a future/reserve contract with the New England Patriots. Johnson was released on August 27, 2015
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# 2007 Danish Cup final
The **2007 Danish Cup final** were the final and deciding match of the 2006--07 Danish Cup. It took place on Thursday 17 May 2007 at Parken Stadium in Copenhagen. The contesting teams were the Danish Superliga 2006-07 leaders, F.C. Copenhagen, and the current no. 2 in the league, Odense Boldklub.
F.C. Copenhagen have won the Cup on three previous occasions (1995, 1997 and 2004). OB have won the Cup four times, in 1983, 1991, 1993 and in 2002 where they beat FCK in the final.
## Route to the final {#route_to_the_final}
### Copenhagen
In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| Round | Opposition | Score |
+===================================================================+=================+===============+
| 3rd | Thisted (A) | 4--1 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| 4th | Esbjerg (H) | 3--1 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| QF | Midtjylland (A) | 3--2 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| SF | Lyngby (A)\ | 3--2\ |
| | *Lyngby (H)* | 4--0\ |
| | | **7--2 agg.** |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
| **Key:** (H) = Home venue; (A) = Away venue; (N) = Neutral venue. | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------+---------------+
### Odense
In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first.
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+---------------+
| Round | Opposition | Score |
+===================================================================+==================+===============+
| 3rd | Nordsjælland (H) | 1--0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+---------------+
| 4th | Brøndby (H) | 1--0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+---------------+
| QF | Randers (H) | 1--0 |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+---------------+
| SF | Viborg (H)\ | 1--2\ |
| | *Viborg (A)* | 2--0\ |
| | | **3--2 agg.** |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+---------------+
| **Key:** (H) = Home venue; (A) = Away venue; (N) = Neutral venue. | | |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+------------------+---------------+
## Match details {#match_details}
`{{footballbox
|date = {{Start date|2007|5|17|df=y}}
|time = 15:00 [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|team1 = [[F.C. Copenhagen]]
|score = 1–2
|team2 = [[Odense Boldklub|Odense BK]]
|goals1 = [[Atiba Hutchinson|Hutchinson]] {{goal|15}}
|goals2 = [[Martin Borre|Borre]] {{goal|36}} <br> [[Bechara Oliveira|Bechara]] {{goal|49}}
|stadium = [[Parken Stadium]], [[Copenhagen]]
|attendance = 30,013
|referee = Anders Hermansen
}}`{=mediawiki}
---------------- -------------- ------------- -------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ---------------------------- ---------------- -------------- ------------------------- -------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------------------
{{Football kit pattern_la = pattern_b = pattern_ra = leftarm = FFFFFF body = FFFFFF rightarm = FFFFFF shorts = FFFFFF socks = FFFFFF title = F.C. Copenhagen }} {{Football kit pattern_la = pattern_b = \_blackhalf pattern_ra = leftarm = FFFF00 body = FFFF00 rightarm = 000000 shorts = 000000 socks = 000000 title = Odense Boldklub }}
---------------- -------------- ------------- -------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ---------------------------- ---------------- -------------- ------------------------- -------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- ----------------------------
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| ---------------------- | ---------------------- |
| **F.C
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# Antonius Janue
**Antonius Janue** (?**Antonio da Genova**) (fl. ca. 1460) was an Italian composer of the Renaissance. He was one of few known Italian composers of polyphony in the middle of the 15th century, and left one of the few manuscripts of the time in the composer\'s own hand, showing erasures and corrections.
## Life
Little is known with certainty about his life. He may be the same as Antonio da Genova, a musician who worked in Ferrara in 1462, and he is probably the \"Antonius de Jan.\" referenced in the archives of the Genoese ducal palace in 1456; \"Janue\" has been interpreted as meaning \"of Genoa.\" If these are the same person, he would seem to have been an active composer in northern Italy in the 1450s.
He may have been a priest, given the common use of the \"p.\" prefix in the manuscript sources, and also considering that he seems to have written only sacred music.
Janue probably compiled the manuscript *I-Fn 112bis*, now in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale in Florence. The manuscript contains pieces by Guillaume Dufay, Gilles Binchois, John Dunstaple, and others, in addition to 16 pieces attributed to Janue himself. Since he has more pieces in the manuscript than anyone else, including the most famous names of the time, and many of the pieces signed \"Janue\" contain erasures and emendations, it is presumed that he was not only the copyist but did some of his composing during the compilation process. Many of the changes are reductions in complexity, suggesting that he was revising the works for less advanced singers. It has been suggested that the manuscript was put together in Genoa, since his name appears on the payment register of the Genoese ducal palace in 1456, as receiving an annual salary.
## Music
Thirteen pieces are attributed directly to Janue in the *I-Fn 112bis* manuscript: eight hymns for Vespers, two settings of the Magnificat, two processional hymns, and a laude. Stylistically they are polyphonic, usually for three voices, and rather simple in texture compared to the work of the Burgundian and Franco-Flemish composers of the same time. Janue often writes in *fauxbourdon* (in a similar manner to Dufay and Binchois), and occasionally uses imitation. Transcriptions of Janue\'s music in modern notation usually have to use irregular meters in order to capture his metrical freedom.
Some of his works, for example the setting of the *Magnificat on Tone VI,* were probably intended as replacements for equivalent settings by Dufay -- perhaps because the originals were too hard for inexperienced singers
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# Law enforcement in Ireland
This is a description of **law enforcement** in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Before the Republic (then called the Irish Free State) left the union in 1922, one police force --- the Royal Irish Constabulary --- policed almost the whole island (aside from Dublin, where the Dublin Metropolitan Police were the main force; Belfast, where the Belfast Borough Police were the main force; and the borough of Londonderry, where the Londonderry Borough Police were the main force before merging with the RIC).
The Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), renamed the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) in 2001, is the direct descendants of that force, while a new police force --- the Garda Síochána --- was set up in the Irish Free State (Republic of Ireland since 1949). Today, due to the sharing of a land border and legislation introduced to both countries after the Belfast Agreement of 1998, there is cooperation between the main police forces of jurisdictions.
## Republic of Ireland {#republic_of_ireland}
The Republic of Ireland has a single national civilian police force, the Garda Síochána (*Guardians of the Peace*). This force is responsible for all aspects of territorial civil policing. The Garda Síochána have been the only territorial police force in the Republic since the disbandment of the Civic Guard gendarmery in 1922, and the incorporation of the Dublin Metropolitan Police in 1925.
In addition to the Gardaí, other policing bodies include:
- Military Police Corps, the military police corps of the Irish Army,
- Airport Police Service who perform aviation policing functions at Dublin, Cork and Shannon airports,
- Dublin Harbour Police and Dún Laoghaire Harbour Police.
## Northern Ireland {#northern_ireland}
Law enforcement in Northern Ireland follows a similar model to that of the rest of the United Kingdom in that it is the responsibility of the local territorial police force. However unlike England and Wales, which have police forces divided by local areas such as ceremonial counties or local council areas, Northern Ireland (like Scotland) has a single territorial police force, the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI), formerly known as the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC). This force, one of the largest geographically in the UK, is responsible for all local policing in the province.
In addition to the PSNI, there are other agencies which have responsibility for specific parts of Northern Ireland\'s transport infrastructure:
- Belfast Harbour Police
- Belfast International Airport Constabulary
Officers of these forces have full constabulary powers within one mile of the specific locations they police, which come from specific pieces of legislation relating to them.
A further civilian police force with powers in Northern Ireland is the Ministry of Defence Police, which has responsibility for policing all MOD property; they are assisted in this by the Northern Ireland Security Guard Service. Additionally, the Royal Military Police has a presence in British Army barracks
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# Stuart Gillies
**Stuart Gillies** is an English chef and former CEO of the Gordon Ramsay Group, appointed in 2016 after working as managing director for the group from 2011.
After training in the UK, Gillies spent a year in Rome at the Lord Byron Hotel, and three years in Stockholm, Sweden. He then moved to Daniel\'s in New York City, working under the direction of Daniel Boulud. On returning to the UK, he worked at Le Caprice in London. He joined Angela Hartnett as head chef at The Connaught, before opening the Gordon Ramsay-owned Boxwood Café in May 2003. He was chef director at the reopened Savoy Hotel from October 2010, and at Plane Food.
Gillies has appeared on television on GMTV, and as a guest on BBC1's *Saturday Kitchen.* He was chosen to compete in the second series of the *Great British Menu* in Spring 2007, losing in the south-east England heat to Atul Kochhar. He lives in Chislehurst with his wife and four sons, where has recently opened The Bank House restaurant
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# Aspangberg-Sankt Peter
**Aspangberg-Sankt Peter** is a town in the district of Neunkirchen in the Austrian state of Lower Austria
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# George H. Burnett
**George Henry Burnett** (May 9, 1853 -- September 10, 1927) was an American attorney and judge in the state of Oregon. He was the 21st chief justice of the Oregon Supreme Court serving twice as chief first in 1921 to 1923, and then in 1927 when he died in office. Overall he served on Oregon's highest court from 1911 until 1927.
## Early life {#early_life}
George Burnett was born in Yamhill County, Oregon on May 9, 1853, as the son of George W. and Sidney Younger. His parents had immigrated to Oregon over the Oregon Trail in 1846. George junior attended public schools in Yamhill County before starting his college education at McMinnville College where he attended until 1871. He then enrolled at Christian College in Monmouth, Oregon where he graduated with a bachelor\'s degree of arts in June 1873. Burnett then moved to Salem, Oregon and began learning the law in 1873 from Rufus Mallory and J. J. Shaw at their law practice. In December 1875 he was admitted to the Oregon bar.
## Legal career {#legal_career}
Then in June 1876 Burnett was elected as district attorney for Oregon\'s third judicial district, serving until 1878. From that year until 1886 he partnered with Shaw before opening his own practice where he worked from 1886 until 1892. In 1892, he was elected to the circuit court for the third district of Oregon where he stayed until 1910. During this time he was also a professor of medical jurisprudence at the Willamette University College of Medicine, and a law professor at Willamette\'s law school.
In 1910, George Burnett was elected to the Oregon Supreme Court to a new position when the court was expanded from three to five justices. He re-elected in 1916 and 1922. He served as chief justice of the state\'s high court from 1921 to 1923, and again in 1927 until his death on September 10, 1927. His nephew Harry H. Belt served with him on the court starting in 1925, whom George had taught the law to.
## Family
George married Marian Belt in 1879. She died in 1924, and he remarried in 1925 to Frances Wise
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# Kerry Reed
**Kerry Reed** (born October 24, 1984) is an American former professional football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) and Arena Football League (AFL). He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at Michigan State.
Reed was also a member of the Baltimore Ravens of the NFL, and the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League (CFL).
## Early life {#early_life}
Reed attended South Dade High School in Homestead, Florida and was a letterman in football. As a senior, he was an All-Dade County Honorable Mention selection
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# Techno-nationalism
**Techno-nationalism** is a way of understanding how technology affects the society and culture of a nation. One common example is the use of technology to advance nationalist agendas, with the goal of promoting connectedness and a stronger national identity. As noted by Alex Capri, the rise of techno-nationalist approaches has precipitated a US-China race to promote ideological values through the reshaping of institutions and standards. This idea establishes the belief that the success of a nation can be determined by how well that nation innovates and diffuses technology across its people. Technological nationalists believe that the presence of national R&D efforts, and the effectiveness of these efforts, are key drivers to the overall growth, sustainability, and prosperity of a nation. Techno-nationalism is an increasingly dominant approach in governance that links a nation's technological capabilities and self-sufficiency to its state security, economic prosperity, and social stability. It is a response to a new era of global systemic competition between differing ideologies of economic development.
## Leaders of innovation {#leaders_of_innovation}
Technological nationalism is consistently tied to specific countries that are known for their innovative nature. These countries and regions such as Great Britain, Germany and North America have become known for being leaders in technological growth. When identifying leaders in technological innovation it has been affirmed \"technologies are associated with particular nations. Cotton textiles and steam power are seen as British, chemicals as German, mass production as North American, consumer electronics as Japanese.\" These countries have grown to be prosperous due to their strong economic ties to technological growth, \"Historians and others have assumed that Germany and America grew fast in the early years of the twentieth century because of rapid national innovation.\" Because of the effect that technology has on economic growth there is an implicit tie between economic growth and nationalism. Britain became an example of this tie between economic prosperity and technological innovation when they invested heavily in technological research and development to match the innovation standards of other countries.
Today, techno-nationalism is seen to manifest in geopolitical rivalry, particularly between the United States and China. The increasing geopolitical tensions and bifurcation in technology between the United States and China have resulted in the signing of the CHIPS for America Act to support domestic technological innovation in the US, and the Made In China 2025 plan, to secure China's position as a global powerhouse in high-tech industries. The competing nature of the two responses seeks to reassert nationalistic sentiments in a nation's technological progress and development, and its implications are felt strongest in geopolitics and trade.
## China
Over the past decade, China has launched various programs, including Made in China 2025 and China Standards 2035 to reduce its dependency on foreign technologies. At the 2020 National People\'s Congress, the Chinese Communist Party announced a doubling down of its two leading industrial initiatives, in addition to investing US\$1.4 trillion on a digital infrastructure public spending scheme. As an emerging tech giant, China has become a leading innovator both globally and domestically. While China may still look beyond its borders to supply its enormous thirst for semiconductors. But the manufacturing giant is racing to catch up to US tech firepower.
## Indonesia
Indonesia is not often thought of as an area where excessive innovation occurs. However, in relation to technological nationalism, Indonesia is a front-runner. In 1976, Indonesia established the Industri Pesawat Terban Nusantara or IPTN, which is a government issued company that specializes in air and space travel. The IPTN would soon receive a 2 billion dollar investment from the government, making it among the largest companies in a third world country, let alone one of the only aircraft manufacturers. Because of its overwhelming success, Indonesians felt immense pride for their country and became \"a prominent symbol of Indonesian national esteem and pride.\" Because of this newfound confidence, Indonesians began to consider themselves \"equal to Westerners,\" showing that having pride in one\'s country can be a direct result of technological investments.
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# Techno-nationalism
## Canada
Canada\'s greatest challenge in the 19th century was to unite the country across a continent. The construction of the CPR (from 1881 to 1885) was a deliberate political and economic attempt to unite Canada\'s regions and link Eastern and Western Canada, the heartland and hinterland respectively. Charland identified this project as based on the nation\'s faith in technology\'s ability to overcome physical obstacles. As the technology was adapted to suit Canadian needs, it fed the national rhetoric that railroads were an integral part of nation building. This spirit of technological nationalism also fuelled the development of broadcasting in the country and thus further served in the development of a national identity. Paradoxically however, these technologies, which historian Harold Innis termed \"space-binding,\" simultaneously supported and undermined the development of a Canadian nation. Based in connection rather than content, they did not favour any particular set of values, except those arising from trade and communication themselves, and so they also contributed to Canada\'s integration into first the British empire, and then the American culture
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# David Sutton (American football)
**David Deion Sutton** (born May 30, 1984) is a former Arena football wide receiver. He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played College football at Texas-El Paso.
## Early years {#early_years}
Sutton played football his senior year at Long Beach Polytechnic High School, though he did not get much playing time. However, he was a two-year letterman in track and field, competing in the high jump and long jump. He also competed in volleyball in high school, earning team MVP his junior year and most-improved player his sophomore season.
## College career {#college_career}
Sutton first attended Lincoln (Mo.) University beginning in 2003. As a freshman, he set a freshman record with an 89-yard reception, and ended the 2003 season with 16 receptions for 445 yards and six touchdowns. He then transferred to Compton Community College for one year. In 2004, he recorded 15 receptions for 400 yards with two touchdowns. He then transferred to UTEP in 2005, where he played in eight of 12 games his first season. He recorded two receptions for 12 yards, including a touchdown against Texas Southern. His first career reception was a two-yard touchdown pass from Jordan Palmer. As a senior in 2006, Sutton played in 12 games with two starts. He recorded four receptions for 18 yards.
## Professional career {#professional_career}
### Miami Dolphins {#miami_dolphins}
Sutton went unselected in the 2007 NFL draft, he was signed by the Miami Dolphins as a free agent on May 4, 2007. He was released by the team on August 27.
### Utah Blaze {#utah_blaze}
Sutton was signed to the practice squad of the Arena Football League\'s Utah Blaze on March 4, 2009
## Personal
Sutton is a cousin of former UCLA and NBA player Tyus Edney
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# Weihnachten
**Weihnachten** (`{{IPA|de|ˈvaɪnaxtn̩|lang|audio=De-Weihnachten.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) is the observance of what is commonly known in English as Christmas in the German-speaking countries such as Germany, Austria and Switzerland. It is also widespread in countries with a German-speaking minority, such as Transylvania in Romania, South Tyrol in Italy, Eupen in Belgium, and various diasporas such as the German Brazilian and German American communities. Traditions of Weihnachten influenced Advent and Christmastide culture throughout the world.
## Preparations
In preparation for Weihnachten, many families celebrate Advent. This is a time of religious preparation for the arrival of the Christkind (the Christ Child). Traditional advent activities include the Adventskranz (Advent wreath), which is set up on the fourth Sunday before Christmas Day, the beginning of the Advent season. Four candles adorn the wreath, and a new one is lit each Sunday. Families often sing Christmas carols as they gather around the wreath to celebrate the preparation and Christmas season.
Children also enjoy the advent calendar, which contains 24 doors, one for each day of December leading up to Christmas. Children open one door each day, and find a chocolate treat awaiting them. Many calendars also include pictures inside the doors, often Christmas-related.
A significant part of the Christmas build-up occurs on 6 December, when it is Nikolaustag, the day commemorating *St. Nikolaus* (Saint Nicholas). On the evening of 5 December, children in Germany place a *Nikolausstiefel* (a boot or a shoe) in front of the street door. Overnight, the Nikolaus, a figure similar in appearance to Santa Claus or Father Christmas, visits the house and fills the boots with sweets and sometimes even smaller presents if the children were good; otherwise they are left with only a rute (a cane composed of birch twigs).
In Switzerland, on the evening of 6 December an empty small bag is placed in front of the door and some minutes or hours later, the *Samichlaus* (Swiss German for Nikolaus) with his companion *Schmutzli* fills the bag and enters the house. During the Christmas period, the *Christkindlesmarkt* (Christmas market, also known as *Weihnachtsmarkt*) becomes a feature of almost every city, town, or village in the German-speaking countries, where visitors enjoy stalls, entertainment, and savour food and *Glühwein* (mulled wine). Traditional Christmastime treats include *Lebkuchen* (gingerbread), *Stollen* (fruit cake), *Spekulatius* and *Marzipan* (almond confectionery often made into sweets). Perhaps the most famed of these markets is the one held in Nuremberg, which attracts millions of visitors every year. The *Weihnachtsbaum* (Christmas Tree) is usually put up in the afternoon of 24 December. The trees can be bought at special traders\' sites, but some families may still go into the forest and cut one themselves.
Traditionally, on *Heiligabend* (Christmas Eve) in Germany, a simple meal will be prepared and served before or after the *Bescherung* (\"time for exchanging gifts\"), in contrast to the big meal on Christmas Day. Various polls repeatedly declare (Eintopf) or sausages (Würstchen) with potato salad to be Germany\'s favourite meal on *Heiligabend*. Further typical meals may include carp, fondue or raclette. On Christmas Day, the most common dishes are roast goose or duck.
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# Weihnachten
## Order of events {#order_of_events}
Many families begin the celebration on *Heiligabend* (literally, Holy Evening, or Christmas Eve) in the afternoon or evening. Although there are two legal holidays in Germany, \[Austria\], most cantons of Switzerland and Liechtenstein for Christmas, Christmas Eve is not one of them, and in Switzerland, many companies and stores are open for a half-day in the morning until 4 p.m, after which celebrations begin.
Many go to church before the celebration begins. Christmas masses/services often last around one hour. Families with children go to a children\'s mass which is usually shorter and dramatised with a Krippenspiel (nativity play).
The customs held upon returning from church leading to the gift-giving vary across the German-speaking countries. Commonly, the returning children wait to enter into their locked living room until a little bell rings. This bell marks the departure of the one who is delivering gifts. In the more Catholic regions---primarily South Germany, Austria and Switzerland---the gift bearer role belongs to the *Christkind*, while those in North Germany commonly consider it to be the *Weihnachtsmann* (Santa Claus) who is exiting.
The children then enter to see the decorated Weihnachtsbaum (Christmas tree), with all the presents beneath wrapped in colourful paper that has been prepared by an adult while they were away at church. Adults may also share gifts while the children are opening theirs. For the Bescherung in Germany, the only light comes from the Christmas tree lights (traditionally real candles, though today generally replaced by electric lights). In Switzerland, this is done after the big meal in the evening.
An alternative tradition in many homes does not include a ringing bell or presents already lying beneath the tree when children return from church. Instead (although not in the southern region) the *Weihnachtsmann*, usually played by a relative, appears in person, knocking at the door while the family sits together. Once he is let in, he puts his sack and rute (shepherd\'s crook) aside and greets the family. He then asks the child or children to perform by singing a Christmas song or reciting a poem and then asks them if they were naughty or nice. Most children admit that they have not always been nice, so the *Weihnachtsmann* wants the promise that they do better next year before giving all their presents. He then retreats and the family spends the rest of the evening together, enjoying their gifts and company.
## After Heiligabend {#after_heiligabend}
On the first or second Day of Christmas (25th and 26th), many of the typical Christmas meals will be served. The most common include goose, duck, fondue (with many types of meat), raclette and game dishes. In Switzerland often small meals are offered.
The Christmas tree is disposed after the second week of January, with (genuine) trees being left outside for collection by refuse collectors. Some households, however, opt to use artificial trees instead that may be simply packed away until next year\'s Weihnachten
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# Greenwood (surname)
**Greenwood** is a British surname, believed to be derived from the Greenwood or Greenwode settlement near Heptonstall in the metropolitan district of Calderdale in West Yorkshire. It was the homestead of Wyomarus de Greenwode, believed to be the principal ancestor of British Greenwoods, though some claim to be of French descent.
## Surname
- Al Greenwood (born 1951), American keyboard player
- Alex Greenwood (disambiguation), several people
- Alfred B. Greenwood (1811--1889), American lawyer and politician
- Alice Greenwood (1862--1935), British historian, teacher and writer
- Arthur Greenwood (1880--1954), British politician
- Arthur H. Greenwood (1880--1963), American politician
- Bob Greenwood (baseball) (1928--1994), Mexican Major League Baseball player
- Bobby Greenwood (golfer) (born 1938), American golfer
- Bobby Greenwood (American football) (born 1987), American football offensive tackle
- Sir Brian Greenwood (born 1938), British physician, biomedical researcher, and medical school professor
- Bruce Greenwood (born 1956), Canadian film actor
- Caleb Greenwood, trapper, guide, and early pioneer of the American West
- Charlotte Greenwood (1890--1977), American actress
- Chester Greenwood (1858--1937), American inventor of earmuffs
- Christopher (1786--1855) and John Greenwood (fl. 1821--1840), English cartographers
- Clarence Greenwood alias Citizen Cope, American musician
- Colin Greenwood (rugby), South African rugby footballer
- Colin Greenwood (born 1969), British bassist for Radiohead
- David Greenwood (born 1957), American basketball player
- David Greenwood (bishop) (born 1963), Canadian Anglican bishop
- Debbie Greenwood, British television presenter
- Dick Greenwood (born 1940), English rugby union footballer
- Doctor Greenwood (1860--1951), Blackburn Rovers and England international footballer
- Don Greenwood (disambiguation), several people
- Duncan Greenwood (1919--1992), English playwright
- Ed Greenwood (born 1959), Canadian library clerk, inventor of the *Forgotten Realms* *Dungeons & Dragons* campaign setting
- Elizabeth W. Greenwood (1849--1922), American social reformer
- Elizabeth Greenwood (1873 -- 1961), New Zealand photographer
- F. W. P. Greenwood (1797--1843), American minister
- Frederick Greenwood (1830--1909), English journalist
- Grace Greenwood (1905--1979), also known as Grace Greenwood Ames and Grace Crampton, an American artist, social realist artist and muralist.
- Grace Greenwood, a pseudonym for Sara Jane Lippincott (1823--1904), American writer
- Harry Greenwood (1881--1948), English soldier, recipient of the Victoria Cross
- Harry Greenwood (actor), Australian stage and film actor
- Humphry Greenwood (1927--1995), English ichthyologist
- Irene Greenwood (1898--1992), Australian radio broadcaster and feminist and peace activist
- Ivor Greenwood (1926--1976), Australian Senator and Attorney General (1971, 1972, and 1975)
- Jack Greenwood (soccer player) (born 1999), Australian soccer player
- James Greenwood (journalist) (1832--1929), British journalist and writer
- James C. Greenwood (born 1951), American politician from the state of Pennsylvania
- Janinka Greenwood, Czech--New Zealand educator, playwright and poet
- Joan Greenwood (1921--1987), British actress
- John Greenwood (Puritan), (died 1593), English Puritan and Separatist
- John Greenwood (dentist) (1760--1819), George Washington\'s dentist, the \"Father of Modern Dentistry\" and Revolutionary War patriot
- John Greenwood (composer), English composer of classical and film music
- John Greenwood (artist), colonial American artist
- John Greenwood (bus operator) (died 1851), a pioneer of omnibus services in England
- John Greenwood (executive) (1950--2008), catering executive
- John Greenwood (cricketer, born 1851) (1851--1935), cricketer
- John Greenwood (lawyer) (1800--1871), English lawyer and sportsman
- John Greenwood, pseudonym of John Buxton Hilton, British crime writer
- John Greenwood (MP), (1824--1874), British politician
- Jonny Greenwood (born 1971), musician and composer, most notable as a member of Radiohead
- Joseph Greenwood (died 1861), New Zealand politician and soldier
- Kathy Greenwood (born 1962), Canadian comedian
- Kerry Greenwood (1954--2025), Australian author and lawyer; author of the \"Phryne Fisher\" mystery series
- Kyle Greenwood (born 1987), Canadian professional wrestler better known as Kyle O\'Reilly
- L. C. Greenwood (1946--2013), American football player
- Laura Greenwood (born 1991), English actress
- Lee Greenwood (born 1942), American singer and composer
- Leonard Greenwood (classicist) (1880--1965), New Zealander classical scholar
- Leonard Greenwood (cricketer) (1899--1982), English cricketer and schoolteacher
- Lisa Greenwood (born 1955), New Zealand novelist
- Major Greenwood (1880--1949), English epidemiologist and statistician
- Makayla Greenwood, American taekwondo practitioner
- Marion Greenwood (1909--1970), American social realist muralist, painter and printmaker
- Marvin I. Greenwood (1840--1917), American lawyer and politician
- Mason Greenwood (born 2001), English footballer
- Merle Greenwood (1900--1990), Australian-born New Zealand architect
- Morlon Greenwood (born 1978), American footballer
- Nick Greenwood (born 1987), American Baseball player
- Nimrod Greenwood (1929--2016), Australian rower
- Norman Greenwood (1925--2012), Australian-British chemist
- Paul Greenwood (money manager) (born 1947), accused of securities fraud
- Peter Greenwood (1962--2021), Australian actor
- Randall Greenwood, American politician
- Robin Greenwood, American economist
- Ron Greenwood (1921--2006), manager of the England national football team
```{=html}
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```
- Sarah Greenwood (born 1960), English production designer
- Sarah Greenwood (artist) (1809--1889), New Zealand pioneer
- Sina Greenwood, New Zealand mathematician
```{=html}
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```
- Walter Greenwood (1903--1974), English novelist
- Will Greenwood (born 1972), English rugby union footballer, son of Dick Greenwood
### Fictional
- David Greenwood, a character from J. G
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# Johann Gottlob Carpzov
**Johann Gottlob Carpzov** (26 September 1679, Dresden -- 7 April 1767, Lübeck) was a German Christian Old Testament scholar, a nephew of Johann Benedict Carpzov II and a son of Samuel Benedict Carpzov. He was the most famous and most important Biblical scholar of the Carpzov family.
After attending universities at Wittenberg, Leipzig and Altdorf, he was titular professor of Oriental languages at Leipzig from 1719 to 1730, and preacher and theologian until his death. Like his uncle, he was an opponent of the Pietists. His critical works were: *Introductio in libros canonicos bibliorum Veteris Testamenti* 1721, 4th ed. 1757; *Critica Sacra* (I. Original text, II. Versions, III. Reply to Whiston), 1728; *Apparatus Historico-Criticus Antiquitatum et Codicis Sacri et Gentis Hebrææ*, 1748. The *Apparatus* is in the form of annotations to Thomas Goodwin\'s *Moses and Aaron*, and appended to it are dissertations on \"The Synagogue Treated with Honor\" (a statement of what the Christian Church has retained of ancient Jewish customs), on \"The Charity System of the Ancient Jews\" (discussion of the question whether **צדקה** in the Old Testament ever means \"alms\"), and others.
According to the *Jewish Encyclopedia*,
> Carpzov represents both an advance and a retrogression in Biblical science --- an advance in fullness of material and clearness of arrangement (his *Introductio* is the first work that deserves the name), and a retrogression in critical analysis, for he held fast to the literal inspiration of the Hebrew text of the Old Testament and bitterly opposed the freer positions of Simon, Spinoza, and Clericus. His antiquarian writings are still interesting and useful
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# List of Dublin City University faculties, schools, research centres and laboratories
This **list of Dublin City University faculties, schools, research centres and laboratories** covers the university\'s diverse and interdisciplinary research interest.
## Faculties and Schools {#faculties_and_schools}
- Faculty of Engineering & Computing
- School of Computing
- School of Electronic Engineering
- Faculty of Science & Health
- School of Biotechnology
- School of Chemical Sciences
- School of Health & Human Performance
- School of Mathematical Sciences
- and Human sciences/index
| 83 |
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# Emil Holas
**Emil Holas** (1917 - 1985) was a Psychology educator and writer from Czechoslovakia. Holas studied Latin, French, and Philosophy at Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic. Between 1952 and 1960 Holas led the Department of Psychology at Palacký University in Olomouc, Czechoslovakia. In 1960 he also held the post of the dean of the Faculty of Philosophy of Palacký University. The Library of Congress records 3 books written or edited by Holas
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# Christopher Stott
**Christopher Bryan Robert \"Chris\" Stott** (born July 1969) is a Manx-born American space entrepreneur. He is best known for co-founding the regulatory and orbital frequency services company, ManSat, Odyssey Moon, and the International Institute of Space Commerce.
ManSat was covered in Forbes magazine in 2001. In 2010 he was named Celton Isle of Man Business Man of the Year.
Christopher Stott was born in July 1969, in Douglas, Isle of Man. He is married to Nicole P. Stott, an American astronaut. They have one son. They live near St. Petersburg, Florida.
## Education
Educated at Millfield School in Somerset, England, Chris Stott attended the University of Kent, Canterbury, where he obtained a Bachelor of Arts Degree, with Honours, in American Studies, Politics and Government. After matriculation from Canterbury, Stott received a Diploma from the University of California, San Diego, where he studied International Relations and Marine Policy (at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography). Stott also holds a master\'s degree in Space Studies from the International Space University (ISU).
## Career
Early in his career, Stott worked extensively in British and American politics as an office manager in the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and as an Intern in the US Senate and as a political aide on two US Presidential Campaigns. Stott also served as Special Projects Director with Life Education International, a children\'s health education and drug prevention program and United Nations Non-Governmental Organization (NGO). He has also taught international space law at the `{{nowrap|[[University of Houston–Clear Lake]]}}`{=mediawiki} and lectured at the `{{nowrap|[[University of Houston]] [[University of Houston Law Center|Law Center]]}}`{=mediawiki}.
Chris Stott was previously Director of International Commercialization & Sales with Lockheed Martin Space Operations\' \$3.4 billion Consolidated Space Operations Contract with NASA. He came to Lockheed Martin from the Boeing Space & Communications Company in Huntington Beach, California, where he worked International Business Development for the Delta Launch Vehicle program.
## Board membership {#board_membership}
Chris Stott is currently chairman and CEO of ManSat, a Main Board Director of Odyssey Moon Ltd. Stott is also the Honorary Representative of the Isle of Man Government to the Space Community. He is a member of the International Space University (ISU)\'s board of trustees and is a former Co-Chair of the School of Business and Management at the University. Stott was a founding member of the British Space Education Council and remains active in supporting space education initiatives.
Stott is also a Founding Trustee of the ISU International Institute of Space Commerce and the Manna Energy Foundation, working to bring renewable energy to developing nations via micro economics. He is an honorary member of the Manx Astronomical Association and of the Royal Astronomical Society. A Conservative, he is part of the Reform Club and Tory Reform Group. Stott is also part of the International Institute of Space Law and the International Institute of Space Commerce.
Stott serves on the board of the Society of Satellite Professionals International, the Challenger Centers, and the Conrad Foundation.
Stott co-authored the Adam Smith Institute work \'A Space For Enterprise: the aerospace industries after government monopoly\'
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# Burkle Estate
The **Burkle Estate** is a historic home at 826 North Second Street in Memphis, Tennessee. It is also known as the **Slavehaven**. Although disputed by some historians, the Burkle Estate is claimed to have been part of the Underground Railroad -- a secret network of way stations to help slaves escape to freedom in the northern states. The house was constructed in 1849 by a German immigrant by the name of Jacob Burkle.
Since 1997 the estate is home to the **Slave Haven Underground Railroad Museum**.
## Underground Railroad {#underground_railroad}
It is understood by some`{{who|date=April 2025}}`{=mediawiki} that The Burkle Estate may have served as a way station on the Underground Railroad for runaway slaves. Publicly, Mr. Burkle was a livestock trader and a baker. Privately, some state that he was a *conductor* on the Underground Railroad. Many believe his home was the last stop in a series of Memphis homes connected by tunnels. The house included a small cellar which might have been used to hide escaping slaves. Slaves could then get on boats to take them upriver to other way stations in the free states north of the Ohio River.
## Controversy
The role of the home as a part of the Underground Railroad is subject to debate. There is a significant lack of physical, primary evidence suggesting that the Burkle Estate was a part of the Underground Railroad.
In response to the claim that there is not enough evidence to suggest that the Burkle Estate was in fact a part of the Underground Railroad, Historians from Memphis\' public library system proposed a counterargument. The historians suggest that the lack of primary, physical evidence of the Burkle Estate further validates the presumption that the Burkle Estate was a part of the Underground Railroad. This is because keeping physical evidence of the Underground Railroad would have been dangerous for the Burkle family as it would have revealed their role in the Underground Railroad. A trapdoor, and a hidden staircase inside the Burkle Estate house, which are rather abnormal characteristics of a home, also are used to suggest that the Burkle Estate played a role in the Underground Railroad.
## Slavehaven Museum {#slavehaven_museum}
The house opened as a museum in 1997 and tours of the one-story, white clapboard house are available. The house is decorated with 19th-century furnishings and artifacts and served as part of the overall civil rights heritage of Memphis. The museum documents the history of the Underground Railroad and the possible role of the house in that secret escape network. Slavery, slave trade, slave auctions and the everyday life of slaves in the wider Memphis area are also documented in the museum
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# Not on Our Watch
***Not On Our Watch: The Mission to End Genocide in Darfur and Beyond*** is a non-fiction book co-authored by actor Don Cheadle and human rights activist and co-founder of the Enough Project, John Prendergast.
## Release and sales {#release_and_sales}
A *New York Times* bestseller, the book discusses the situation in Sudan\'s Darfur region and other cases of mass atrocities. The book outlines ways in which ordinary citizens can take action to end ongoing tragedies in Darfur, northern Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo and elsewhere. Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel contributed with a foreword, and then-Senator Barack Obama and Senator Sam Brownback wrote the book\'s introduction. A European/UK edition of the book was published by Maverick House Publishers in August 2007.
A portion of the proceeds are being donated to the Enough Project, a joint initiative of the International Crisis Group and the Center for American Progress to abolish genocide and mass atrocities
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# The Everybodyfields
**the everybodyfields** was an indie folk/alt-country band from Johnson City, Tennessee. The band was co-founded and fronted by Sam Quinn and Jill Andrews who met in 1999 while working at a summer camp. They were joined by dobroist David Richey. After Richey\'s departure, electric guitarist Megan McCormick joined the band; followed by fiddler Megan Gregory and drummer Travis Kammeyer. They were succeeded by keyboardist Josh Oliver, pedal steel player Tom Pryor, and drummer Jamie Cook.
the everybodyfields combined country, folk, bluegrass, rock and roll, and Americana to produce a unique sound that Harp Magazine called \"stompin' and twangin' in world-class style.\" Sam Quinn\'s song \"T.V.A.\" from *Halfway There: Electricity and the South* won 1st place in the Chris Austin Songwriting Contest 2005 at Merlefest. \"Lonely Anywhere,\" from the album *Nothing is Okay*, was chosen by NPR as Song Of The Day for 29 February 2008. The band was the focus of increasing attention as a representative of the alternative country genre. They were chosen to play at Bonnaroo, Bristol Rhythm & Roots Reunion and Twangfest in 2008.
On June 5, 2009, the everybodyfields posted an announcement on their website that they were disbanding in order for Sam Quinn and Jill Andrews to pursue their respective solo careers.
In September 2011, reunion shows were held at the Bristol Rhythm & Roots festival and at Music City Roots
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# Digital Trends
**Digital Trends** is a Portland, Oregon-based tech news, lifestyle, and information website that publishes news, reviews, guides, how-to articles, descriptive videos and podcasts about technology and consumer electronics products. With offices in Portland, Oregon, New York City, Chicago, and other locations, Digital Trends is operated by Digital Trends Media Group, a media company that also publishes Digital Trends Español, focusing on Spanish speakers worldwide, and a men\'s lifestyle site The Manual.
The site offers reviews and information on a wide array of products that have been shaped by technology. That includes consumer electronics products such as smartphones, video games and systems, laptops, PCs and peripherals, televisions, home theater systems, digital cameras, video cameras, tablets, and more.
According to third-party web analytics provider SimilarWeb, the site received over 40 million visits per month `{{as of|2018|June|lc=}}`{=mediawiki}. From 2014 to 2021, Digital Trends\' editorial team was led by Editor-in-chief Jeremy Kaplan and guided by Co-founders Ian Bell and Dan Gaul. Kaplan left the site in May of 2021. The website\'s About Us page lists former Mobile Section Editor Andrew Martonik as \"interim editor in chief.\"
## History
Ian Bell and Dan Gaul founded Digital Trends in June 2006 in Lake Oswego, Oregon.
In May 2009, Digital Trends moved its headquarters from Lake Oswego into the US Bancorp Tower in Downtown Portland, Oregon. The company opened a second office in New York City in 2012. Digital Trends is a privately funded and owned corporation. **Digital Trends en Español**, a Spanish-language version of the site that offers original reporting focusing on the spanish speaking consumers worldwide, was launched in December 2014. Editor-in-Chief Juan Garcia leads an international team, among them Milenka Pena, an Emmy Award nominee and Silver Done Award recipient, who works as the News Editor for the Spanish site.
Digital Trends saw a surge in popularity in recent years; the site claimed a 100-percent increase in traffic in September 2015, reaching over 24 million unique readers globally and more than 13 million U.S. readers. It currently reaches approximately 30 million readers per month, who view over 100 million pages.
In addition to growth, 2015 saw a series of changes for Digital Trends. The site expanded its awards program to include several international trade shows, including Mobile World Congress in Barcelona and IFA in Berlin. It also launched its first car of the year awards and Smart Home awards, underscoring the site\'s growing investment in these areas. The company also launched DT Design, an in-house creative ad agency, to focus on branded content and high-impact advertising units.
In late summer of 2016, Re/Code reported on a deal with Conde Nast to acquire Digital Trends for \$120 million, noting that the site is expected to generate \$30 million in revenue this year and around \$6 million in profit. Bell denied that his company was in talks, but acknowledged that the company \"is periodically approached by would-be buyers.\" Digiday wrote about the deal as well, comparing the site\'s traffic to \"such properties as the Purch network, CNET and The Verge, and ahead of USA Today Tech, Yahoo! Tech, and Business Insider\'s Tech Insider.\" In 2018, Facebook executive Bob Gruters joined Digital Trends as its CRO. In June 2020, as Digital Trends posted Black Lives Matter support statements, employees observed racial bias at a \"Gin and Juice\" party in 2018 and harassment at a 2017 holiday party. CEO Ian Bell noted \"I\'m not a proponent of cancel culture.\" In 2020, Gresham, Oregon Mayor Travis Stovall joined Digital Trends\' board of directors.
As of 2021, Digital Trends built its advertising business around data, including intent-based audience segmentation. The company partnered with Valnet, the parent of Screen Rant, to pool resources and target larger news audiences
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# Sulayman al-Baruni
**Sulayman al-Baruni** (*translit=Sulaymān al-Bārūnī*; c. 1870 -- 1 May 1940) was a Libyan Ibadi scholar, poet, statesman and a prominent figure in the history of Libya.
## Early life and studies {#early_life_and_studies}
Al-Baruni was born in the Jabal Nafusa in what was then the *vilayet* of Tripolitania, part of the Ottoman Empire, around 1870. He was born to an influential Berber family that belonged to the Ibadi sect of Islam. His father, Abd Allah al-Baruni, was a jurist, poet and theologian. In 1887, he started his studies at the University of Ez-Zitouna in Tunisia, where among his teachers were the reformists, `{{Interlanguage link|Muhammad al-Nakhli|fr|Mohamed Nakhli}}`{=mediawiki} and Uthman al-Makki. Al-Nakhli, a critic of colonialism and Sufism, had the great influence on the young Sulayman. In 1893, after six years of studies, he entered the Al-Azhar University, where he studied for three years. He was getting exposed to more anti-colonial movements while in his stay in Egypt. He also became familiar with Mustafa Kamil\'s ideas and held him in high regard. After ending his studies in the al-Azhar, he went to the M\'zab valley to study under the prominent Mozabite Ibadi scholar Muhammad ibn Yusuf Atfayyash, who taught him Arabic studies, theology, and traditional Ibadi literature.
## Career
In Cairo he founded a newspaper and later a printing press. During the reign of Abdul Hamid II, he was arrested several times by the Ottoman authorities on the accusation that he was planning to re-establish an Ibadi imamate or emirate in the Jabal Nefusa. In the general election of 1908, following the Young Turk Revolution, al-Baruni was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as the member for the Jabal Gharbi.
Following the outbreak of the Italo-Turkish War in 1911, al-Baruni immediately began recruiting Berbers to resist the invasion. He played a leading role at the Congress of Aziziyya, a meeting of important Tripolitanian leaders, in late October 1912, following the Ottoman capitulation. He eventually sought an understanding with the Italians in the hopes of creating an autonomous Ibadi principality centred on the Jabal Nefusa and Marsa Zuaga. At minimum he hoped the Berbers would receive special privileges in the new Italian Libya. What remained of Berber resistance in Tripolitania was crushed at the battle of al-Asabʿa on 23 March 1913. Al-Baruni and several other leaders who had been connected with the Ottomans, went into voluntary exile in French Tunisia. Italy sent Count Carlo Sforza to Tunisia to persuade the exiles to return. Al-Baruni was the first to be convinced, suggesting to the other that they should return to Tripolitania in exchange for an agreement from Italy that they could retain the position in Tripolitanian society and that their past resistance would not be held against them. Al-Baruni seems even to have been promised Berber autonomy. The Italians also asked him to write a monograph on the Jabal Gharbi.
Al-Baruni did not return until October 1916, when he was appointed governor (Arabic *wāli*, Turkish *vali*) of Tripolitania, Tunisia and Algeria by the Ottoman sultan in the midst of the First World War. None of these territories were under actual Ottoman control at the time, but the Ottomans were actively working to organise the war against Italy in Tripolitania. In November 1918, al-Baruni was one of four local notables elected to represent the Tripolitanian Republic that was proclaimed in the aftermath of the Ottoman surrender. With the promulgation of the *Legge Fondamentale* (Fundamental Law) in June 1919, al-Baruni made his peace with Italy.
By September 1921, as a result of the Italian policy of divide and conquer, there was a civil war in Libya between the Berbers, who increasingly looked to Italy for protection, and the Arabs. Among the Berbers, al-Baruni was widely blamed for this state of affairs. He went into his final exile in November 1921. He traveled to France, Egypt, Turkey and Mecca before settling in Oman. There he was appointed finance minister.
## Death and burial {#death_and_burial}
He died on 1 May 1940 while visiting Mumbai in the company of the Sultan of Oman, Said bin Taimur. After his death, his daughter, Za\'ima bint Sulayman, gathered some of his papers and published them at Tripoli in 1964 under the title *Safahat khalida min al-jihad li\'l-mujahid al-Libi Sulayman al-Baruni*.
In the 1970s, the new nationalist regime demanded that the bodies of the anti-colonial leaders who died in exile be brought to their homeland. For this reason, in 1970 the body of Sulayman al-Baruni was returned to Libya where he received a national ceremony with great coverage the newspapers and television. The remains of al-Baruni rest in Sidy Moniader Cemetery in Tripoli.
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# Sulayman al-Baruni
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
- The Libyan television series, El Zaiman, starring the Moroccan actor Rabie Kati as Sulayman al-Baruni and the Libyan actor Saleh El Qarad as Bashir Saadawi, aired on Salam TV in Ramadan 2020
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# West Meadowlark Park, Edmonton
**West Meadowlark Park** is a residential neighbourhood in west Edmonton, Alberta, Canada located just east of West Edmonton Mall. The area was originally part of the Town of Jasper Place, and became a part of Edmonton when Jasper Place amalgamated with Edmonton in 1964.
The neighbourhood is bounded on the west by 170 Street, on the east by 163 Street, on the south by 87 Avenue, and on the north by 95 Avenue.
The community is represented by the West Meadowlark Community League, established in 1965, which maintains a community hall and outdoor rink located at 165 Street and 93 Avenue.
## Demographics
In the City of Edmonton\'s 2012 municipal census, West Meadowlark Park had a population of `{{nts|3336}}`{=mediawiki} living in `{{nts|1388}}`{=mediawiki} dwellings, a -4.3% change from its 2009 population of `{{nts|3486}}`{=mediawiki}. With a land area of 1.12 km2, it had a population density of `{{nts|2978.6}}`{=mediawiki} people/km^2^ in 2012.
## Residential development {#residential_development}
Over 90% of the residences in the neighbourhood were built between the end of World War II and 1980, with two out of three residences being built during the 1960s.
The most common type of residence is the single-family dwelling (40%) followed by apartments (30%), row houses (18%) and duplexes (4%). Seven out of ten residences are owner-occupied, with the remainder being rented. In 2001, the average household size was 2.4, with six out of ten households having only one or two people.
## Schools
There are four schools located in West Meadowlark Park. Two are operated by the Edmonton Public School System and two are operated by the Edmonton Catholic School System.
- Edmonton Public Schools
- Afton Elementary School Of the Arts
- Jasper Place High School
- Edmonton Catholic Schools
- Annunciation Catholic Elementary School (offers the IB Primary Years Programme)
- St. Francis Xavier High School
## Recreation and services {#recreation_and_services}
The Edmonton\'s Misericordia Community Hospital is located at the southwest corner of the neighbourhood.
The Johnny Bright Sports Park, the Jasper Place Fitness and Leisure Centre, and the Bill Hunter Centre are located on the east side of the neighbourhood between Jasper Place High School and St. Francis Xavier High School.
The City of Edmonton and the Edmonton Catholic School District are jointly developing a sports field house adjacent to St. Francis Xavier High School. The sports facility will meet the school\'s instructional needs during school hours and the recreation and sport needs of the community during the day, evenings, and on weekends. It is now completed and opened as of December 2010.
## Surrounding neighbourhoods {#surrounding_neighbourhoods}
Adjacent neighbourhoods are Glenwood, Meadowlark Park, Summerlea, Terra Losa, and Thorncliff
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# Huish Tigers
The **Huish Tigers** (sometimes known as **Huish Taunton Tigers**) are a semi--professional basketball team based in Taunton, Somerset competing in the Somerset Basketball League. The team plays all their home games at the Sycamore Sports Hall at Richard Huish College.
Until the end of 2012, the team was known as the **Taunton Tigers** and competed in the National Basketball League (NBL) Division Three South. Formerly a Division One side, the Tigers were forced to drop down the divisions after going into debt. In 2013, they became the Huish Tigers and are now coached by Gary Carter.
## History
### Taunton Tigers {#taunton_tigers}
The origins of a basketball team in Taunton stem back to the late 1980s. In 1990, the team were called Taunton Community Basketball Club competing in South West Division Two. Ronnie Heath joined as a player and coach and by 1992 the team had rebranded as Taunton Tigers.
During the 1990s, the team progressed up through the local leagues coached by Ian Hunt before competing in the National Basketball League. Taunton Tigers were founder-members of the new NBL Division Three in 1997. Finishing in a respectable fifth place they were promoted to Division Two, as the higher divisions were expanding. The move proved fully justified, as they finished runners-up in 1999 and won the playoffs moving the team straight into Division One.
Regrettably, the conclusion of the 2000-01 season saw a league reorganisation, and despite finishing eighth, they were relegated to NBL Division Two. With Division One now divided into the Conference and NBL 1, this effectively became the fourth tier.
Although they finished third in NBL 2 South in 2002, the constant changes in division had stretched their resources, and they chose to withdraw from the league to guarantee their survival for another opportunity to play in the national league.
Rejoining the national league Division Three West in 2004-05 saw the team perform well, earning them third place overall. Under coach Ronnie Heath, they won back to back promotions in 2005--06 and 2006--07 to propel them from NBL Division Three, to NBL Division One. The club finished eighth in the league in their maiden season, avoiding relegation.
The following 2008-09 season brought disappointment, just two wins were recorded in the league, and they finished bottom, missing out on the post-season. Despite this, they remained in the top division for the following 2009-10 season which was expanded to twelve teams. The team won twelve league matches and seventeen overall, and enjoyed their greatest success in Division One.
At the club\'s annual general meeting in 2010, it was revealed that the club was heavily in debt. The club\'s committee resigned, and combined with a number of key players announcing their retirement, the club were forced to withdraw from Division One. England Basketball would not let the club drop to Division Two, and instead the club had to move to Division Four.
In 2010-11, the team won their first season in Division Four South West, recording seven wins in the league and thirteen overall, and competed in Division Three South in the 2011--12 season, but came seventh.
From 2010-17, the Taunton Tigers Basketball Charity (1137558) helped fund team activities and associated community projects. When this was disbanded, all funds were transferred to the Somerset Activity and Sports Partnership (SASP).
### Huish Tigers {#huish_tigers}
In 2013, the Taunton Tigers became the Huish Tigers being based at the Richard Huish College following a long partnership together.
In 2017-18 and 2018-19, the team were runners up in the National Basketball League Division Four South West. In 2019-20 the team played in the NBL Division Three South West coming fourth overall. Unfortunately due to the COVID-19 pandemic the remaining 2020-21 season was cancelled.
Since 2021, the team has competed in the Somerset Basketball League (SBL). In 2021-22 and 2024-25 Huish Tigers were the SBL league and playoff champions, runners up in the 2022-23 playoffs and third place in the 2023-24 league.
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# Huish Tigers
## Season-by-season records {#season_by_season_records}
Season Division Tier Pos. Played Won Lost Points Playoffs National Cup National Trophy Patrons Cup National Shield
-------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------- ------ --------------------------------------------- -------- ----- ------ -------- --------------- -------------- ----------------- ------------- -----------------
**Taunton Tigers**
1997-98 **NBL 3** 4 5th 26 11 15 22 Semi-Final \- \- \- \-
1998-99 **NBL 2** 3 2nd 26 21 5 42 Winners \- 3rd Round \- \-
1999-2000 **NBL 1** 2 8th 24 9 15 18 Quarter-Final \- 3rd Round \- \-
2000-01 **NBL 2** 4 7th 24 12 12 24 Quarter-Final \- \- \- Semi-Final
2001-02 **NBL 2 South** 4 3rd 16 10 6 20 Quarter-Final \- \- \- Quarter-Final
2002-03 *Team withdrew from National Basketball League Competitions*
2003-04
2004-05 **NBL 3 West** \|4 3rd 16 11 5 22 Quarter-Final 2nd Round \- \- Semi-Final
2005-06 **NBL 3 SW** 4 2nd 16 13 3 26 Semi-Final 3rd Round \- 2nd Place Semi-Final
2006-07 **NBL 2** 3 3rd 22 15 7 30 Finalist 3rd Round \- 2nd Place \-
2007-08 **NBL 1** 2 8th 18 5 13 10 Quarter-Final 3rd Round \- \- \-
2008-09 **NBL 1** 2 10th 20 2 16 4 \- 3rd Round \- \- \-
2009-10 **NBL 1** 2 8th 22 12 10 24 Quarter-Final 3rd Round Quarter-Final \- \-
2010-11 **NBL 4 SW** 5 1st 9 7 2 14 Quarter-Final 2nd Round \- \- \-
2011-12 **NBL 3 South** 4 7th 20 9 11 18 Quarter-Final 1st Round \- \- \-
**Huish Tigers**
2017-18 **NBL 4 SW** 5 2nd 20 17 3 34 Quarter-Final 1st Round \- \- \-
2018-19 **NBL 4 SW** 5 2nd 14 9 5 18 Quarter-Final 1st Round \- \- \-
2019-20 **NBL 3 SW** 4 4th 17 11 6 23 \- 2nd Round \- \- \-
2020-21 **NBL 3 SW** 4 *Season cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic*
2021-22 **SBL** \- 1st 10 9 1 28 Winners \- \- \- \-
2022-23 **SBL** \- 4th 13 8 5 29 Finalist \- \- \- \-
2023-24 **SBL** \- 3rd 12 9 3 30 Semi-Final \- \- \- \-
2024-25 **SBL** \- 1st 14 13 1 40 Winners \- \- \- \-
**Notes:**
- From 2000-2003 the NBL Conference operated as the second tier league, ahead of Division One.
- In 2003 the NBL was replaced by the EBL, which reinstated Division One as the second tier.
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# Huish Tigers
## Home venues {#home_venues}
Taunton Tigers played at multiple venues across Taunton mostly due to having multiple teams and not owning their own venue:
- **Blackbrook Leisure Centre**
- **Somerset College of Arts and Technology**
- **Wellsprings Leisure Centre**
Taunton Tigers moved into the newly opened Wellsprings Leisure Centre in 2004 and made it their home venue until 2012.
- **Richard Huish College**
Taunton Tigers utilised Richard Huish College for some matches moving into the college\'s inflatable sports dome in August 2006. In 2013, they were succeeded by Huish Tigers, who now play in the Sycamore sports hall which opened in January 2017 replacing the sports dome
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# Near You
\"**Near You**\" is a popular song written and originally recorded by Francis Craig and His Orchestra at Castle Studio in 1947, with lyrics by Kermit Goell, which became a pop standard.
## Background
The recording by Francis Craig (the song\'s composer) with orchestra member Bob Lamm on vocals was released by Bullet Records as catalog number 1001. It first reached the *Billboard* Best Sellers chart on August 30, 1947 and lasted 21 weeks on the chart, peaking at number one. On the \"Most Played By Jockeys\" chart, the song spent 17 consecutive weeks at number one, setting a record for both the song and the artist with most consecutive weeks in the number-one position on a US pop music chart. *Billboard* ranked it as the No. 1 song overall for 1947.
In 2009, hip-hop group The Black Eyed Peas surpassed Craig\'s record for artist with most consecutive weeks in the number-one position with the songs \"Boom Boom Pow\" and \"I Gotta Feeling\". However, their record was accomplished with combined weeks of two number 1 songs - one succeeding the other in the top position.
In 2019, \"Old Town Road\", by Lil Nas X featuring Billy Ray Cyrus, surpassed \"Near You\" for song with most consecutive weeks in the number-one position with 19 weeks.
## George Jones and Tammy Wynette {#george_jones_and_tammy_wynette}
In 1977, \"Near You\" became a number-one country hit as a duet for the duo of George Jones and Tammy Wynette, one of the more unlikely compositions the two country legends sang together. Recorded in the winter of 1974, its atypical arrangement showed that country fans still had an appetite for any music performed by the estranged couple, who had been country music\'s \"First Couple\" in the early 1970s. In fact, it was their second consecutive number 1 single since their divorce in 1975; they had only managed to top the charts once during their six-year marriage with \"We\'re Gonna Hold On\" in 1973.
## Other versions {#other_versions}
Other recordings of the song that charted on the *Billboard* best seller in 1947 include:
- The Andrews Sisters (Decca Records catalog number 24171) entered the chart on October 3 and peaked at number four.
- Elliot Lawrence (Columbia Records catalog number 37838) entered the chart on October 3 and peaked at number nine. This was Lawrence\'s only charting hit.
- Larry Green (RCA Victor Records catalog number 20-2421) entered the chart on October 10 and peaked at number three.
- Two Ton Baker (Mercury Records catalog number 5066) entered the chart at the same time as Green, and peaked at number twelve, staying for five weeks.
- Alvino Rey (Capitol Records catalog number 452) entered the chart on October 17 and peaked at number nine in its only week on the chart. This was Rey\'s last charting hit.
- Roger Williams recorded the song in 1958, and it charted on the *Billboard* Hot 100 singles chart, peaking at number 10.
- Jerry Lee Lewis recorded an instrumental version of the song in 1959. It has been recorded by Marlene Dietrich (1958), Nat King Cole (1962), Pat Boone (1965), Grady Martin and Andy Williams (1959).
## Popular culture {#popular_culture}
- \"Near You\" was used by Milton Berle as the closing song on his Texaco Star Theater, and it became his theme song for many years thereafter
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# Arthur Randolph Kelly
**Arthur Randolph Kelly** (October 27, 1900 -- November 4, 1979) was an American professional archaeologist. He made numerous contributions to archeology in Georgia, which began with directing excavations at the Macon Plateau Site in 1933, part of the federal archeology program that provided jobs while undertaking studies of important sites. During his career, he also worked at the Etowah Mound and Village site, Lamar Mounds, the Lake Douglas Mound, the Oliver and Walter F. George River Basin surveys, the Estatoe Mound, the Chauga Mound, and the Bell Field Mound, among others in Georgia.
After completing his graduate education with master\'s and doctoral degrees at Harvard University, Kelly had a career spanning academic service, and professional excavations under the Smithsonian Institution and other organizations. He also directed operations at national monuments for the National Park Service and served as its chief archeologist for several years. In 1947 he was selected by University of Georgia to be founding chairman of a Department of Anthropology there, serving in that role until 1963, followed by several years as a professor.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
He was born in Hubbard, Texas, to Thomas Lucius Kelly and Mamye Lewis (Atwood) Kelly on October 27, 1900. He attended a public high school and earned his bachelor\'s degree in 1921 from the University of Texas. There he had become interested in the field of physical anthropology while taking classes under anthropologist G.C. Engerrand. The latter suggested that Kelly go to Harvard for graduate study under anthropologist Earnest Hooton. He earned his M.A. in anthropology in 1926 and his Ph.D. in 1929; both from Harvard.
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# Arthur Randolph Kelly
## Career
From 1929 to 1933, Kelly taught as an Assistant Professor of Anthropology at the University of Illinois. While there he also worked on the Cahokia Mound site, the center of the Mississippian culture that influenced much of North America through the Ohio and Mississippi waterways and trade routes. He was let go from his position at the university due to the Great Depression.
Kelly was hired in 1933 by the Smithsonian Institution as director of excavations at the Macon Plateau Site near Macon, Georgia, on the Ocmulgee River. This was being explored as a part of the Federal relief archaeological program, which provided jobs to workers to help excavate the sites. The Smithsonian assigned James A. Ford as an assistant to Kelly.
While at Macon Plateau, Kelly was in charge of between 700 and 1000 Works Progress Administration laborers. On December 23, 1936, the National Park Service formally designated the Macon Plateau site as Ocmulgee National Monument. The same year Kelly was hired by the National Park Service as Superintendent of the Ocmulgee National Monument. (When the National Register of Historic Places was later established in the 1970s, this monument was added to it.)
In 1939 Kelly was promoted to chief archaeologist of the National Park Service, and served at NPS headquarters in Washington, D.C. In 1941 he was selected as superintendent of the Custom House National Monument in Salem, Massachusetts.
In 1943 Kelly returned to his former job as superintendent at Ocmulgee National Monument in Macon. In September 1947 he was invited by the University of Georgia to start a Department of Anthropology there and started full-time at the university.
Kelly served as founding Chairman of the Department of Anthropology at the University of Georgia from 1947 until 1963. He continued to serve as a professor there until 1969.
Kelly's archaeological work in Georgia include the Etowah Mound and Village site, Lamar Mounds, the Lake Douglas Mound, the Oliver and Walter F. George River Basin surveys, the Estatoe Mound, the Chauga Mound, and the Bell Field Mound, among others.
Kelly and his wife, Rowana, had four daughters together: Sheila, Joanna, Patricia, and Cora Lewis
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# Architects Sketch
The **\"Architects Sketch\"** is a Monty Python sketch, first seen in episode 17 of *Monty Python\'s Flying Circus*, \"The Buzz Aldrin Show\". The episode was recorded on 18 September 1970 and originally broadcast on 20 October 1970. The following year, an audio version was recorded for *Another Monty Python Record*.
## Description
The sketch is introduced by a group of Gumbies (on film) who shout \"The Architects Sketch\" until Mr. Tid (Graham Chapman) yells at them to shut up. They then repeat \"Sorry!\" until Mr. Tid throws a bucket of water on them from above.
The sketch proper begins (on videotape) with Tid in an office with two City gents (Michael Palin and Terry Jones). On a table near the window stand two architectural models of tower blocks. Mr. Tid informs the City gents that he has invited the architects responsible to explain the advantages of their respective designs.
First to arrive is Mr. Wiggin (John Cleese), who describes his architectural design and modern construction, and then explains his killing technique starting with a conveyor belt and \"rotating knives\". It turns out that Mr. Wiggin mainly designs slaughterhouses and has misunderstood the owners\' attitude to their tenants. When Mr. Wiggin fails to persuade them to accept his \"real beaut\" of a design, he launches into an impassioned tirade against \"you non-creative garbage\" and blackballing Freemasons. When they still reject his design, however, he begs the increasingly uncomfortable City gents to accept him into the Freemasons.
Once Wiggin has been persuaded to leave, the second architect, Mr. Leavey (Eric Idle), arrives. As Mr. Leavey describes the strong construction and safety features of his design, a tall tower block, his model collapses and catches fire in the manner of the then recent Ronan Point disaster, accompanied by a large on-screen caption reading \"SATIRE\". The City gents assure Mr. Leavey that provided the tenants are \"of light build and relatively sedentary\" there should be no need to make expensive changes to the design. After his design is accepted, the model explodes. The City gents exchange bizarre Masonic handshakes with Leavey. Wiggin reappears at the doorway, breaking the fourth wall to tell the audience, \"It opens doors, I\'m telling you.\"
This leads into a filmed section about \"How to Recognise a Mason\", in which Masons are shown engaging in such bizarre behaviour as hopping down Threadneedle Street with their trousers around their ankles. Finally, there follows an animation in which an announcer attempts to \"cure\" a Mason (an animated cutout of Chapman) through behavioural therapy with a picture of a nude woman; when the subject says, \"No\", the enraged announcer crushes him with a giant hammer
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# Old MacDonald Had A Curve
***Old MacDonald Had A Curve*** was a live television play written by Rod Serling that aired August 5, 1953 as part of the *Kraft Television Theatre* series. It was one of Serling\'s early teleplays (a group that also included *Requiem for a Heavyweight* and *Patterns*), and is one few comedies he ever sold to television. The play starred Olin Howland and Jack Warden and was directed by Harry Hermann.
## Plot
*Old MacDonald Had a Curve* tells the tale of an ambitious ex-major-leaguer, Maxwell "Mac" MacDonald. MacDonald was a pitcher for the Brooklyn Nationals before World War I (then nicknamed \"Firebrand Lefty\" MacDonald), but is currently living in the Carterville Home for the Aged. Mac, who constantly exaggerates his past glories, is determined to play ball again, and refuses to die slowly in the nursing home. Meanwhile, the current Nationals manager, Mouth McGarry, the publicist, Resnick, and the owner, Bertram Beasley all debate what is to be done about the ten-game losing streak their team is stuck in. They decide they need a pitcher, a good pitcher who can win a few games for the team. Back at the nursing home, Mac dislocates his shoulder during a game of horseshoes, and suddenly he is able to throw any object at a curve of 360°. With dreams of his past fame and glory, and a newfound curve ball, Mac decides to try out for his old team. Mouth, a typical hot-head manager, gives the old man a tryout begrudgingly, but fails to pay attention as Mac strikes out their best hitters. When his younger players tell Mouth what happened, the Nationals scramble to sign the sixty-seven-year-old man. They decide that even if he can't run the bases, he will at least strike out any batter at the plate.
With a media blitz, Mac is signed to the team, and the spectacle of the old man warming up is enough to draw a crowd. Though Mac is never used on the field, the team starts to pull itself out of its funk and win some games. When the Commissioner orders McGarry to put Mac in a game or let him go, Old MacDonald finally takes the mound. However, poor Mac tosses the rosin bag a little too hard and ends up popping his shoulder back into place. His first pitch barely makes the plate.
When Mac returns to the home, he is depressed. He feels like he has let everyone down, but really, he has been an inspiration to his fellow residents. Mac gives all the money he earned with the deal to the Center for the Aged, content with having used to be Firebrand Lefty MacDonald. Until he dislocates his shoulder again, and gets his curve back
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