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# Rot Weiss Ahlen
**Rot Weiss Ahlen** is a German football club based in Ahlen, North Rhine-Westphalia. Until 2006 the club was known as *LR Ahlen* for its major sponsor, but underwent a name change when the sponsor withdrew its support after the team was relegated to the Regionalliga (III) in that year.
## History
The club has its roots in the local sides of the early 1900s formed by coalminers who played pickup games after work. In 1917, *Freie Sportclub Union (FSCU) Ahlen* was founded and became one of the region\'s best known teams, playing in the second-tier leagues of the time. The rise of the Third Reich saw the club disbanded as over three-quarters of its members were foreigners making the side politically unpalatable to the regime. A new club, *Tus Germania Ahlen*, was formed in 1933. This side merged with the strong local club *Wacker Ahlen* to create the town\'s largest sports association.
After World War II attempts to rebuild local teams failed until members of eight pre-war clubs came together to form **Turn- und Sport Ahlen** in 1948. The new side went on to many decades of routine play in the local upper leagues. In 1991, *TuS* were faced with a financial crisis and demotion to lower level play. A local benefactor, Helmut Spikker, helped bail the team out through the support provided by his firm, cosmetics manufacturer LR International.
Now on a firm footing, *TuS Ahlen* enjoyed an impressive run of success through the early 90s beginning with a Bezirksliga Westfalen (VII) title in 1992 and promotion to the Landesliga Westfalen (VI). In each of the following three seasons *TuS* earned another championship and promotion; out of the Landesliga, through the Verbandsliga Westfalen-Nordost (V) and Oberliga Westfalen (IV), leading to the Regionalliga West/Südwest (III).
*Leichtathletik Rasensport Ahlen* was formed on 1 June 1996 when *TuS Ahlen* merged with *Blau-Weiß Ahlen* to begin play in the Regionalliga West/Südwest in 1996--97. The club\'s rise was stalled and they made a bid to again move up by signing a number of players with Bundesliga experience for 1998--99. However, they could only manage a sixth-place finish and subsequently unloaded their expensive talent. Living more within their means, the side earned promotion with a second-place result in 1999--2000 and a 2--1 victory over *1. FC Union Berlin* in the playoff round to advance to the 2. Bundesliga. *Ahlen*\'s best result came in their debut in the second tier when they ended sixth. The team slipped to become a lower-tier side and lingered for another five seasons before a 17th-place result led to their demotion in 2006.
After being relegated *LR Ahlen* lost the support of its major sponsor and underwent a name change to become *Rot Weiss Ahlen* on 31 May 2006. Chairman Spikker also left the club at the end of August with his successor being vice-president Heinz-Jürgen Gosda. The team returned to 2. Bundesliga play after finishing as champions of the Regionalliga Nord in 2007--08. With the end of the 2009--10 season, *Ahlen* was relegated to the 3. Liga, and the following year to the fifth NRW-Liga despite a 17th-place finish outside the drop down zone because of insolvency.
In 2020 the club finished second in the Oberliga Westfalen to win promotion to the Regionalliga West.
## Recent seasons {#recent_seasons}
Year Division Position
------------ --------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------
1999--2000 Regionalliga West/Südwest (III) 2nd (promoted)
2000--01 2\. Bundesliga (II) 6th
2001--02 2\. Bundesliga 8th
2002--03 2\. Bundesliga 12th
2003--04 2\. Bundesliga 12th
2004--05 2\. Bundesliga 13th
2005--06 2\. Bundesliga 17th (relegated)
2006--07 Regionalliga Nord (III) 13th
2007--08 Regionalliga Nord 1st (promoted)
2008--09 2\. Bundesliga (II) 10th
2009--10 2\. Bundesliga 18th (relegated)
2010--11 3\
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# Whitaker Wright
**James Whitaker Wright** (9 February 1846 -- 26 January 1904) was a company promoter and swindler, who committed suicide at the Royal Courts of Justice in London immediately following his conviction for fraud.
## Early life {#early_life}
The eldest of five children, he was the son of James Wright, a Methodist Minister, and Matilda Whitaker, a tailor\'s daughter. He was born in Stafford, and spent his early years in various parts of England with his father. At an early age he was sent to Shireland Hall School in the Staffordshire town of Smethwick, a boarding establishment funded by charitable donations which catered for the sons of clergymen of all denominations. He was instructed in Latin and Greek and was taught how to use a printing press. In 1861, according to the census of that year, he was a printer in Ripon. Between 1866 and 1868, he was a Methodist preacher like his father, but retired due to ill health. He was also the elder brother of John Joseph Wright, who invented the reversible trolley pole, transmitting electricity from an overhead wire to the motors of a tram or trolleybus. The brothers started a business as printers and stationers in Halifax, England in 1868 but it failed the following year.
## Emigration, marriage and fortune {#emigration_marriage_and_fortune}
On the death of his father in 1870, the family emigrated to Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Wright then travelled to Philadelphia, US where he met and married Anna Edith Weightman in 1878. Wright made a fortune by promoting silver-mining companies in Leadville, Colorado, and Lake Valley, New Mexico, although none of the companies made money for the shareholders.
Wright returned to England, and promoted a multitude of Australian and Canadian mining companies on the London market.
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# Whitaker Wright
## Sharp practices {#sharp_practices}
Wright\'s career as a swindler peaked in the 1890s, when he formed the London and Globe Company which floated a variety of stock and bond issues dealing with mining. Wright called some of these stocks \"consols\", the term used by the British government for state bond issues that were solid and reliable. He loaded the directorships of his companies with peers of the realm; for instance, the Chairman of the London and Globe Company was the Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, a former Viceroy of India. This served the purpose both of impressing the public and attracting wealthy investors. Wright also sought to make a place for himself in late Victorian English Society, buying the Lea Park estate in Surrey, which he renamed Witley Park, and building a large mansion. Wright also owned the yacht *Sybarita* which beat the yacht *Meteor* (which belonged to Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany) before the Royal Yacht Squadron.
Wright became a friend and financial adviser to Sir James Reid, the personal physician to Queen Victoria. In fact Reid became the trustee for Mrs. Wright in the financier\'s will; later this would lead to financial difficulties for the physician for neglecting her interests in the events connected to Wright\'s fall. Reid eventually had to pay Mrs. Wright £5,000.
Everything was apparently working well in Wright\'s empire, when in 1900 he sought to float a bond issue for the building of the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (now the London Underground\'s Bakerloo line). The line had been difficult and costly to construct. Why Wright sought to get involved in the company is contentious; he was a mining engineer, not a construction or railroad engineer. It is likely that Wright believed he would be able to cap his career in City finance if he were knighted for his public spirited activity. In any case the bond issue was a disaster --- Wright found it strained his resources, and few people were willing to subscribe. It started the collapse of the entire Wright group.
At this point Wright made his criminal error. To maintain an image of solvency and success, Wright kept pushing thousands of pounds from one of his companies to another in a series of \"loans\". This led to some misrepresentations on balance sheets. But when he announced that, despite the apparent prosperity of his group, there would be no dividends, people became suspicious. In December 1900, the companies collapsed. Wright fled, but was brought back to stand trial. The shock waves led to a panic in London\'s exchange. There were other losses. The humiliated Marquess of Dufferin and Ava died in 1902 in the midst of the investigation.
## Trial and death {#trial_and_death}
The trial took place in January 1904, before Mr. Justice Bigham; the prosecution was led by one of the best barristers of the day, Rufus Isaacs. Bigham was one of the most astute corporate law experts in England, and Isaacs was an expert in stock market procedure, having previously worked as a broker. The government, when studying the confusion of Wright\'s paper trail, could not see a successful government prosecution; instead the prosecution was brought by the stockholders. With a prosecutor exposing the various financial tricks that Wright pulled for the jury, and a jurist patiently explaining points about finance, Wright\'s attempts at obfuscation were defeated.
On 26 January 1904, Wright was convicted of fraud at the Royal Courts of Justice and given a seven-year prison sentence. He committed suicide by swallowing cyanide in a court anteroom immediately afterward. The inquest also revealed that he had been carrying a revolver in his pocket, presumably as a backup; he was never searched, as the security was weaker at the Royal Courts, which were Civil Courts. The trial was held there as it was deemed likelier that the special jury required would be less prejudiced against the accused than a normal jury at the Old Bailey criminal court, which was in the city. In spite of his financial misconduct, there was a great outburst of grief at his funeral at Witley, where he is buried.
## Witley Park {#witley_park}
In 1890 Wright purchased an estate named Lea Park between Godalming and Haslemere, Surrey, and the adjacent South Park Farm from the Earl of Derby. Ownership of these properties granted Wright Lordship of the Manor and control of Hindhead Common and the Devil\'s Punch Bowl. Whitaker Wright began to develop his new properties as a single estate, Witley Park, creating three lakes, the largest of which covered fifty acres of farmland. Wright\'s wide-ranging landscaping works raised local concerns of their impact on the local economy and the natural landscape. In Thursley Lake he had an underwater smoking room built beneath a roof aquarium. Following his death, Witley Park was purchased by William, Lord Pirrie who extended the estate further. The remainder of the estate was divided into lots for sale, and funds raised locally enabled the purchase of Hindhead Common, which was transferred to the National Trust.
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# Whitaker Wright
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
- Whitaker Wright was popularised along with his fictional great-grandson in a 2006 episode of *Hustle* titled \"Ties That Bind Us\".
- H. G. Wells was fascinated by the fall of Wright, and it influenced the writer\'s novels *Tono-Bungay* and *The World of William Clissold*
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# Geoffrey Warnock
**Sir Geoffrey James Warnock** (16 August 1923`{{spaced ndash}}`{=mediawiki}8 October 1995) was an English philosopher and Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University. Before his knighthood (in the 1986 New Year Honours), he was commonly known as **G. J. Warnock**.
## Life
Warnock was born at Neville House, Chapel Allerton, Leeds, West Yorkshire, to James Warnock (1880--1953), OBE, a general practitioner from Northern Ireland who had been a Captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps, and Kathleen (née Hall; 1890--1979). The Warnocks later lived at Grade II-listed Pull Croft, Sutton Courtenay, Oxfordshire (historically Berkshire).
Warnock was educated at Winchester College. He then served with the Irish Guards until 1945, before entering New College, Oxford, with a deferred classics scholarship. At New College, he read for a degree in PPE, graduating with a first in 1948. His tutors during his studies included Isaiah Berlin and H. L. A. Hart.
He was elected to a Fellowship at Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1949. After spending three years at Brasenose College, he returned to Magdalen as a Fellow and tutor in philosophy. In 1970, he was elected to Principal of Hertford College, Oxford (1971--1988), where there is now a society and student house named after him. He was also the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford from 1981 to 1985.
Warnock, with co-editor J. O. Urmson, prepared for posthumous 1961 publication the *Philosophical Papers* of their friend, and fellow Oxford linguistic philosopher, J. L. Austin. Warnock also reconstructed Austin\'s *Sense and Sensibilia* (1962) from manuscript notes.
Warnock married Mary Wilson, a fellow philosopher of St Hugh\'s College, Oxford, and later Baroness Warnock, in 1949. They had two sons and three daughters. He retired to live near Marlborough, Wiltshire, in 1988 and died of degenerative lung disease in 1995 at Axford in Wiltshire.
## Works
**Books**
- *Berkeley*, Penguin Books, 1953.
- *English Philosophy Since 1900*, 1st edition, Oxford University Press, 1958; 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 1969.
- *Contemporary Moral Philosophy (New studies in ethics)*, Palgrave Macmillan, 1967. `{{ISBN|978-0333048979}}`{=mediawiki}.
- *The Object of Morality*, Methuen, 1971. `{{ISBN|0-416-13780-6}}`{=mediawiki}.
- *Morality and Language,* Barnes & Noble. 1983
- *J. L. Austin (The Arguments of the Philosophers)*, Routledge, 1989.
**Papers**
- *[Analysis and Imagination](https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.188480/page/n113/mode/2up)* in A.J. Ayer et al., *The Revolution in Philosophy*. London: Macmillan, 1956.
- [\"The Primacy of Practical Reason\"](https://web.archive.org/web/20220420002248/https://publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/52p253.pdf). *Proceedings of the British Academy 52, 1966* (1967).
- *[Gilbert Ryle\'s Editorship](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2253254)* (1976) in *Mind*, Vol. 85, No. 337 (Jan., 1976), pp. 47-56.
**Reviews**
- *[Reason and Analysis by Brand Blanshard](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2955538)* (1963) in *The Philosophical Quarterly*, Vol. 13, No. 53 (Oct., 1963), pp. 373-375.
- *[What Philosophy Is: a guide to the elements by Arthur C. Danto](https://www.jstor.org/stable/24434731)* (1970) in *Metaphilosophy*, Vol. 1, No. 2 (April 1970), pp. 166-168.
- *[Philosophical Problems by Leonard Goddard](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2219189)* (1979) in *The Philosophical Quarterly*, Vol. 29, No. 114 (Jan., 1979), pp. 83-84.
For a more complete list of Warnock\'s works see his PhilPapers [entry](https://philpapers.org/s/G.%20J.%20Warnock)
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# Booker's
**Booker\'s** bourbon is one of the small batch bourbons produced by the Jim Beam distillery, which is owned by Suntory Global Spirits (a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Osaka, Japan). Having the highest alcohol content of the brands in the Jim Beam \"Small Batch Bourbon Collection\", it is a cask strength bourbon. Booker\'s bourbon is aged between six and eight years and is bottled un-cut and without chill filtering at its natural proof between 121 and 130.6.
The brand began as bottlings of bourbon personally selected from barrels by Jim Beam\'s grandson, the late distiller emeritus Booker Noe. Noe originally bottled his straight-from-the-barrel bourbon as gifts to close friends and family, and launched his selections as a brand available to the general public with a very small (1,000-case) release in 1988. Each barrel of Booker\'s bourbon was hand-selected by Noe and was aged at the center of the rickhouse, where the company says that the temperature and humidity are the most favorable for fine bourbons.
While it is not necessary to cut the bourbon with water, a splash or two of distilled water is recommended (by Booker Noe) to unlock some of the flavor.
## Roundtable Releases {#roundtable_releases}
Booker\'s Roundtable releases are selected by a panel of whiskey writers and the Master Distiller, Fred Noe.
Batch No. Age Proof
----------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- ------------------
C07-B-7 7 years 2 months 130.8
2013-06 7 years 6 months 125.9 \|-2013-07
2015-01 \"Big Man, Small Batch\" 7 years 2 months 16 Days 128.7
2015-02 \"Dot\'s Batch\" 7 years 0 months 18 Days 127.9
2015-03 "The Center Cut" 7 years 2 months 127.2
2015-04 \"Oven Buster Batch\" 6 years 5 months 20 Days 127.0
2015-05 \"Maw Maw\'s Batch\" 6 years 7 months 3 Days 128
2015-06 \"Noe Secret\" 6 years 8 months 7 Days 128.1
2016-01 \"Booker\'s Bluegrass\" 6 years 11 months 127.9
2016-02 \"Annis\' Answer\" 6 years 2 months 1 day 126.7
2016-03 "Toogie\'s Invitation" 6 years 4 months 129
2016-04 "Bluegill Creek" 6 years 5 months 128
2016-05 "Off Your Rocker" 6 years 7 months 129.7
2016-06 "Noe Hard Times" 6 years 10 months 1 day 127.8
2017-01 "Tommy's Batch" 6 years 4 months 6 days 128.5
2017-02 \"Blue Knights Batch\" 6 years 3 months 3 days 127.4
2017-03 "Front Porch Batch" 6 years 5 months 25 days 125.9
2017-04 "Sip Awhile" 6 years 8 months 14 days 128.1
2018-01 "Kathleen\'s Batch" 6 years 3 months 14 days 127.4
2018-02 "Backyard BBQ" 6 years 2 months 10 days 128.8
2018-03 "Kentucky Chew" 6 years 4 months 12 days 126.7
2018-04 "Kitchen Table" 6 years 8 months 7 days 128.0
2019-01 \"Teresa\'s Batch\" 6 years 3 months 1 day 125.9
2019-02 \"Shiny Barrel Batch\" 6 years 5 months 1 day 124
2019-03 \"Booker\'s Country Ham\" 6 years 4 months 2 days 124.7
2019-04 \"Beaten Biscuits\" 6 years 6 months 19 days 126.1
2020-01 \"Granny\'s Batch\" 6 years 4 months 21 days 126.4
2020-02 \"Boston Batch\" 6 years 3 months 10 days 126.5
2020-03 \"Pigskin Batch\" 6 years 7 months 7 days 127.3
2020-04 \"Noe Strangers Batch\" *Scheduled but not released* (See 2021--04)
2021-01 \"Donahoe\'s Batch\" 6 years 11 months 4 days 125.3
2021-02 \"Tagalong Batch\" 6 years 5 months 0 days 127.9
2021-03 \"Bardstown Batch\" 6 years 5 months 0 days 125.5
2021-04 \"Noe Strangers Batch\" 6 years 6 months 12 days 124.4
2022-01 \"Ronnie\'s Batch\" 6 years 11 months 22 days 124.3
2022-02 \"The Lumberyard Batch\" 7 years 1 months 7 days 124.8
2022-03 \"Kentucky Tea Batch\" 7 years 4 months 14 days 126.5
2022-04 \"Pinkie\'s Batch\" 6 years 10 months 10 days 122.4
2023-01 \"Charlie\'s Batch\" 7 years 1 months 8 days 126.6
2023-02 \"Apprentice Batch\" 7 years 1 months 2 days 125.5
2023-03 \"Mighty Fine Batch\" 7 years 1 months 10 days 126.6
2023-04 \"Storyteller Batch\" 7 years 2 months 29 days 127.8
2024-01 \"Springfield Batch\" 7 years 7 months 8 days 124.5
2024-02 \"Beam House Batch\" 7 years 2 months 29 days 127.8
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# Booker's
## Limited Edition Releases {#limited_edition_releases}
In February 2014, Jim Beam announced that a limited edition Booker\'s 25th Anniversary Bourbon would be released. Booker\'s Batch 2014-01 is a blend of bourbons aged 10 years and 3 months, bottled at 130.8 proof, with a MSRP of \$100. Only about 1000 cases of the special edition were released. Each bottle of Booker\'s 25th is topped with a special rose gold wax and is packaged in unique wooden boxes. Per Fred Noe, Booker\'s son and current Jim Beam Master Distiller, \"These barrels were laid down in January 2003. Dad passed in February 2004, so I guess essentially you could say that these are some of the last barrels that dad produced before he passed away.\"
In February 2016, Jim Beam announced that a limited edition Booker\'s Rye would be released. Batch 2016-LE \"Big Time Batch\" was released in June 2016 and was aged 13 years, 1 month, and 12 days. This Kentucky Straight Rye Whiskey was bottled at 136.2 proof and carried a MSRP of \$299. A special green wax topped the bottles while a green and gold label adorned the front. The Limited Edition stickers were hand numbered.
In December 2018, Jim Beam announced that a limited edition Booker\'s 30th Anniversary Bourbon would be released. It is a blend of 70% 9 year old whiskey and 30% 16 year old whiskey, bottled at 125.8 proof, with a MSRP of \$199. Each bottle of Booker\'s 30th Anniversary is topped with a special silver wax and packaged in unique boxes made of reclaimed wood from Jim Beam\'s post-prohibition Warehouse E. Booker\'s 30th Anniversary is unique in that master distiller Fred Noe made almost all of the decisions for this bottling, instead of using the Roundtable committee.\
{\| class=\"wikitable sortable\" !Name/Batch No. !Age !Proof !Wax \|- \|2014-01 \"Booker\'s 25th Anniversary\" \|10 years 3 months \|130.8 \|Rose Gold \|- \|2016-LE \"Big Time Batch\" Rye \|13 years 1 month 12 days \|136.2 \|Green \|- \|Booker\'s 30th Anniversary \|16 years & 9 years \|125.8 \|Silver \|- \|Booker\'s Second Chance Batch \|7 years 6 months 17 days \|123.6 \|Blue \|}
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# Booker's
## Ratings and reviews {#ratings_and_reviews}
Booker\'s has won some tasting accolades, including a score of 95 from Wine Enthusiast in 2014. In Fall 2014, ratings aggregator Proof66 put Booker\'s in the Top 90th percentile of all whiskies. In 2017, Food & Wine Magazine named Booker\'s #2 in its list of "The 25 Most Important Bourbons Ever Made."
Food critic Morgan Murphy said \"The dark reddish brown liquid packs a serious punch with its high proof. But the robust, sweet, smooth flavor and cedar notes makes Booker\'s a favorite.\"
In December 2016, citing scarcity and demand, Beam Suntory announced a reduction in new batch releases and a large increase in the recommended retail price that would take effect in 2017. The price hike upset longtime fans of the brand, attracted criticism in whiskey news media and on social media. In January 2017, the company changed course and announced the price increase would instead take place over the course of several years
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# Maria Terwiel
**Maria \"Mimi\" Terwiel** (7 June 1910 -- 5 August 1943) was a German resistance fighter against the Nazi regime. She was active in a group in Berlin that wrote and distributed anti-Nazi and anti-war appeals. As part of what they conceived as a broader action against a collection of anti-fascist resistance groups in Germany and occupied Europe identified by the Abwehr as the Red Orchestra, in September 1942 the Gestapo arrested Terwiel along with her fiancée Helmut Himpel. Among the leaflets and pamphlets they had copied and distributed for the group were the July and August 1941 sermons of Clemens August Graf von Galen which denounced the regime\'s *Aktion T4* programme of involuntary euthanasia.
Terwiel was sentenced to death on 26 January 1943, and on 5 August 1943 was guillotined in Berlin-Plötzensee.
## Life
Maria Terwiel was born on 7 June 1910 in Boppard am Rhein. She completed her *Abitur* at a *Gymnasium* in Stettin in 1931, where her father, Johannes Terwiel, a devoutly Catholic Prussian civil servant, worked as a provincial deputy commissioner, while her mother was Jewish, which would limit Mimi\'s professional aspirations after 1933. She studied law at Freiburg, where she met her future fiancé, Helmut Himpel, and at Munich. As a Social Democrat, her father was dismissed from office after Hitler came to power in 1933. The family had moved to Berlin, where she found a job as a secretary In a German-Swiss textile company.
Classed under the 1935 Nuremberg Laws as \"Half-Jewess\" (*\"Halbjüdin\"*), Terwiel realised that she could no longer finish her studies, as she would never be able to get a position as a trainee lawyer. Her legal dissertion, titled *Die Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen der Banken. insbesondere die Pfandklausel* (*The General Terms and Conditions of Banks, in Particular the Deposit Clause*), was ready to be submitted to the Faculty of Law and Political Science at the Albert Ludwig University in Freiburg in 1935. Terwiel also painfully realised, that she was forbidden to marry Himpel. They nonetheless lived together in Berlin; Hempel running a successful dentistry practice, and Terwiel finding work as a secretary in a French-Swiss textile company.
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# Maria Terwiel
## Resistance
With Himpel, who secretly and without charge continued to treat Jewish patients, Terwiel began helping Jews in hiding. They helped furnish them with identification and ration cards. A patient of Himpel\'s, the Communist writer John Graudenz, in 1939/40 brought them into contact with a broader resistance group in the city centred around the couples Adam and Greta Kuckhoff, Harro and Libertas Schulze-Boysen and Arvid and Mildred Harnack. For the Abwehr and Gestapo this, in turn, placed the couple in the frame of a wider European espionage network which, focusing upon Soviet contacts and Communist participants, they identified under the cryptonym *Rote Kapelle* (the Red Orchestra).
On her typewriter, Terwiel copied anti-Nazi material supplied by the group that she, together with Himpel, Graudenz, the pianist Helmut Roloff, and others posted to people in important positions, passed to foreign correspondents, and distributed across Berlin. This included Bishop von Galen\'s sermon condemning the *Aktion T4* euthanasia program and a polemic entitled \"Fear for Germany\'s future grips the people\" (*Die Sorge um Deutschlands Zukunft geht durch das Volk*).
Signed AGIS, the leaflet was written by Harro Schulze-Boysen with assistance from John Sieg. It declared that \"the most disgraceful tortures and cruelties are being perpetrated on civilians and prisoners in the name of the Reich\" and that each day of war increased \"the bill\" that Germans in the end would have to pay. \"Who\", it asked, \"cannot see now that the entire much praised social improvement in the Third Reich, the job creation, the Volkswagen, and many another things were nothing but preparation for war and armament?!\" The only means Hitler had known for relieving unemployment was \"the extermination of millions through a new war\". A genuine \"socialist revolution\" lay in the future: the immediate task of \"true patriots\" and \"all those who have maintained a sense of true values\" was to do, wherever possible, the exact opposite of what the Nazi regime demanded of them.
In a campaign initiated by Graudenz, on 17 May 1942, Terwiel, Schulze-Boysen, and nineteen others travelled across five Berlin neighbourhoods to paste the stickers on posters for the Nazi propaganda exhibition The Soviet Paradise (*Das Sowjet-Paradies*). The sticker read, \"Permanent Exhibition. The Nazi Paradise. War, Hunger, Lies, Gestapo. How much longer?\"
## Arrest
Following her arrest on 17 September 1942 and brutal interrogation, Terwiel was sentenced to death for treason on 26 January 1943 by the *Reichskriegsgericht* (\"Reich War Tribunal\"). Maria Terwiel was guillotined at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin on 5 August 1943. She was 33 years old. Himpel had preceded her, executed in May. In her immediate resistance circle, only Helmut Roloff was to survive.
Three days after sentencing she wrote to her two younger siblings, Gerd and Ursula: \"I have absolutely no fear of death and certainly not of divine judgement: that at least we don\'t have to fear. Stay true to your principles and forever and always stick together\". In a farewell letter to a Polish cellmate, Krystyna Wituska, she gave legal advice and formulated appeals for clemency for her fellow prisoners (her own was rejected personally by Hitler). Terwiel also wrote a song, "O head full of blood and wounds" in which she called on Christ to \"appear to me as a shield to comfort me in my death\".
## Literature
- .
- Pruß, Ursula (2014), Maria Terwiel. In: Helmut Moll, (ed.), Zeugen für Christus. Das deutsche Martyrologium des 20. Jahrhunderts, Paderborn, vol. I, pp 146--149. `{{ISBN|978-3-506-78080-5}}`{=mediawiki}
- Tuchel, Johannes (1994), Maria Terwiel und Helmut Himpel. Christen in der Roten Kapelle. In: Hans Coppi junior, Jürgen Danyel, Johannes Tuchel (eds): Die Rote Kapelle im Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus, Berlin: Edition Hentrich. `{{ISBN|3894681101}}`{=mediawiki}, p
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# Theta Arae
`| radius = 20.1`\
`| luminosity = 3,450`\
`| temperature = 17,231{{±|231}}`\
`| metal_fe = `\
`| gravity = 2.70`\
`| rotational_velocity = 95`\
`| age_myr = 28.2{{±|4.7}}`
}} `{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | B=θ Ara | CD=−50°11720 | FK5=1471 | HD=165024 | HIP=88714 | HR=6743 | SAO=245242 | GC=24635 | PPM=346577 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=tet+Ara
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox end}}`{=mediawiki}
**Theta Arae** is a star in the southern constellation Ara. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from θ Arae, and abbreviated Theta Ara or θ Ara. This star has an apparent visual magnitude of +3.67, which is bright enough to be seen with the naked eye. Based upon an annual parallax shift of `{{val|4.01|ul=mas}}`{=mediawiki}, Theta Arae is 810 ly distant from the Earth.
This is a supergiant star with a stellar classification of B2 Ib. At an age of 28 million years, it has a high rate of spin with a projected rotational velocity of 95 km/s. This star has nearly nine times the mass of the Sun and over 20 times the Sun\'s radius. The outer atmosphere of this star has an effective temperature of 17,231 K; much hotter than the surface of the Sun. At this heat, the star shines with the characteristic blue-white hue of a B-type star
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# Dhammapāla
**Dhammapāla** was the name of two or more great Theravada Buddhist commentators.
The earlier, born in Kanchipuram, is known to us from both the *Gandhavamsa* and `{{citation needed span|date=March 2021|reason=Because this may be due to confusion between Dharmapāla(Yogacārin) and Dhammapāla(Theravada).|the writings of [[Xuanzang]]}}`{=mediawiki} to have lived at Badara Tittha Vihara south of modern Chennai, and to have written the commentaries on seven of the shorter canonical books (consisting almost entirely of verses) and also the commentary on the Netti, perhaps the oldest Pali work outside the canon. Extracts from the latter work, and the whole of three out of the seven others, have been published in Pali by the Pali Text Society. These works show great learning, exegetical skill and sound judgment. But as to the meaning of words, or to discussions of the ethical import of his texts, very little can be gathered from his writings of value for the social history of his time. Though in all probability a Tamil by birth, he declares, in the opening lines of those of his works that have been edited, that he followed the tradition of the Great Monastery (Maha Vihara) at Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka, and the works themselves confirm this in every respect.
Another writer, probably also called *Dhammapala*, since he was supposed by the 12th century to be the same, though scholars do not accept this, wrote subcommentaries on the commentaries on the *Digha*, *Majjhima* and *Samyutta Nikayas*.
A third *Dhammapala* wrote *Saccasankhepa*, a handbook of abhidhamma
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# Civil procedure code of the Netherlands
The **Dutch Code of Civil Procedure** (*Wetboek van Burgerlijke Rechtsvordering*) comprises four books covering topics relating to court civil procedure
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# Novi Zrin
**Novi Zrin** (*Zrínyiújvár or Új-Zrínyivár*) was a fortress of the Zrinski (Zrínyi in Hungarian) noble family built near the Donja Dubrava village in the northernmost part of Croatia (at the border village of Őrtilos in Hungary) on the mouth of river Mura into Drava between 1661 and 1664.
Its purpose was to prevent the Ottoman military forces from advancing further into Croatia. The Ottomans attacked it several times from 1662 to 1664, but did not manage to conquer it. Finally, at the beginning of June 1664 a large Ottoman army, numbering up to 100,000 men, led personally by the Grand Vizier Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, besieged it and destroyed on 7 July 1664.
## Gallery
<File:Spomenik> Novom Zrinu (Croatia) - jugozapad.jpg\|Memorial obelisk on the place at the Mura River where the castle once was <File:350>. obljetnica pada Novog Zrina - Feletar.jpg\|350th Anniversary commemoration of the destruction of the castle <File:Međunar.znanstv.skup> 350.obljetnica smrti Nikole Zrinskog i pada Novog Zrina - program.jpg\|Programme booklet of the International scientific conference concerning the 350th anniversary of the death of Nikola VII Zrinski and the fall of Novi Zrin Castle (Donja Dubrava, Međimurje County, 5 July 2014) <File:Međunar.znanstv.skup> 350.obljetnica smrti Nikole Zrinskog i pada Novog Zrina - Petrić.jpg\|Scene of the International scientific conference held in Donja Dubrava on 5 July 2014 <File:Opsada> Novog Zrina 1664. - bitka na Muri.jpg\|Illustration of one of the battles in 1663 when Ottomans failed to capture the fort
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# 1977 SEA Games
The **1977 Southeast Asian Games** (*Sukan Asia Tenggara 1977*), officially known as the **9th Southeast Asian Games**, were a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 19 to 26 November 1977. This was the third time Malaysia hosted the games and its first since 1971. Previously, it also hosted the games for the first time in 1965. Brunei, Indonesia, and the Philippines were finally admitted into the SEAP Games Federation in February that year. Although the word \'Peninsula\' was omitted from the new federation title to reflect the expansion, in which the games is the first games to bear the name, its emblem (which featured six rings representing the six founding members), and the sequential numbering of the games was kept to provide continuity, as well as reverence to the objectives, aspirations and contributions of the founders. The six-ring emblem was not replaced until 1999, when the present ten-ring emblem was first used in an official games logo. The games was opened and closed by Yahya Petra, the King of Malaysia at the Stadium Merdeka. The final medal tally was led by Indonesia, followed by Thailand and the Philippines, with host Malaysia in fifth place.
## The games {#the_games}
### Participating nations {#participating_nations}
*Brunei was a British protectorate at that time.* The **Bold Lines** means the Nation makes its debut appearance from the games
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# Keith Dabengwa
**Keith Mbusi Dabengwa** (born 17 August 1980) is a Zimbabwean cricketer. He was appointed head coach of the Denmark national cricket team in October 2021.
Dabengwa is an all-rounder who made his First class debut for Matabeleland in 2000, taking 5 for 76, he then spent a season at the CFX Academy. He continued without many spectacular performances but in 2004/05 he got selected in Zimbabwe A squad for their tours of Namibia and Bangladesh. In the first match against Bangladesh A he took five wickets and scored 50 not out.
In 2005 Dabengwa scored his highest first class score of 161 against Midlands, his only century to date. Following this, he gained a place in the national squad and made his test debut against New Zealand in Bulawayo taking two wickets for 87 runs and scoring 21 runs starting his test account by scoring a six. He played in Zimbabwe\'s next two tests against India. Between those games there was a tri series with India and New Zealand in this Dabengwa made his ODI debut against India in Harare.
In one Logan Cup match in 2007 he took his career best innings figures of 7 for 1. They are the best bowling figures of anyone in first class history to have taken seven wickets in an innings. The record was previously held by Fred Spofforth who took 7 for 3. However, there have been inaccuracies in the scoreboards provided by Zimbabwe Cricket and thus a question mark exists over Dadengwa\'s feat.
Dabengwa played for Lymington Cricket Club for the 2006 season.
Dabengwa signed for Scottish side Ferguslie for the 2013 season. After a successful season helping them win the CricHQ40 cup he returned in the summer of 2014. This season was personally more successful for Dabengwa as he scored over 700 league runs including a high score of 184 vs Greenock. He also helped Ferguslie win the WDCU CSL First Division title
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# Eta Arae
`| prop_mo_ra = +38.990`\
`| prop_mo_dec = −26.095`\
`| pm_footnote = `\
`| parallax = 10.6993`\
`| p_error = 0.1289`\
`| parallax_footnote = `\
`| absmag_v = ``{{Val|−1.14|0.14}}`{=mediawiki}
}} `{{Starbox detail
| source = <ref name=jofre2015/>
| mass = {{Val|1.12|0.16}}
| radius = {{Val|40.44|2.62}}
| luminosity = 575
| gravity = {{Val|1.06|0.06}}
| temperature = {{Val|4147|29|fmt=commas}}
| metal_fe = {{Val|−0.47|0.03}}
| rotational_velocity = {{Val|1.55|0.55}}
| age_gyr = {{Val|4.98|1.86}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | B=η Ara | CPD=-58°6906 | FK5=1435 | HD=151249 | HIP=82363 | HR=6229 | SAO=244168 | WDS=J16498-5902A }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = eta+Ara
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox end}}`{=mediawiki}
**Eta Arae** is a single star in the southern constellation of Ara. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from η Arae, and abbreviated Eta Ara or η Ara. This star is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 3.76. Based on parallax measurements, it is approximately 305 ly distance from Earth. The star is moving away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +9 km/s.
The spectrum of this star matches a stellar classification of K5 III, indicating that, at an estimated age of five billion years, it has reached the giant star stage of its evolution. With 1.12 times the mass of the Sun, it has an outer envelope that has expanded to 40 times the Sun\'s radius. The star is now spinning so slowly that it takes more than eleven years to complete a single rotation. Eta Arae is radiating energy into space from its photosphere with 575 times the Sun\'s luminosity at an effective temperature of 4,147 K, giving it the orange-hued glow of a K-type star.
It has a magnitude 13.5 optical companion, located 23.4 arcseconds away along a position angle of 118°, as of 2000
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# World Mental Health Day
**World Mental Health Day** (10 October) is an international day for global mental health education, awareness and advocacy against social stigma. It was first celebrated in 1992 at the initiative of the World Federation for Mental Health, a global mental health organization with members and contacts in more than 150 countries. This day, each October, thousands of supporters come to celebrate this annual awareness program to bring attention to mental illness and its major effects on people\'s lives worldwide. In addition, this day provides an opportunity for mental health professionals to discuss and shed light on their work, making mental health a priority worldwide. In some countries this day is part of an awareness week, such as Mental Health Week in Australia.
## History
World Mental Health Day was celebrated for the first time on October 10, 1992, at the initiative of Deputy Secretary General Richard Hunter. Up until 1994, the day had no specific theme other than general promoting mental health advocacy and educating the public.
In 1994 World Mental Health Day was celebrated with a theme for the first time at the suggestion of then Secretary General Eugene Brody. The theme was \"Improving the Quality of Mental Health Services throughout the World\".
World Mental Health Day is supported by WHO through raising awareness on mental health issues using its strong relationships with the Ministries of health and civil society organizations across the globe. WHO also supports with developing technical and communication material.
On World Mental Health Day 2018, Prime Minister Theresa May appointed Jackie Doyle-Price as the UK\'s first suicide prevention minister. This occurred while as the government hosted the first ever global mental health summit
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# 1979 SEA Games
The **1979 Southeast Asian Games** (*Pesta Olahraga Asia Tenggara 1979*), officially known as the **10th Southeast Asian Games**, were a subcontinental multi-sport event held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 21 to 30 September 1979. This was the first time that Indonesia hosted the games. Indonesia is the fifth nation to host the Southeast Asian Games after Thailand, Burma, Malaysia and Singapore. The games was officially opened and closed by President Soeharto at the Senayan Sports Stadium. The final medal tally was led by host Indonesia, followed by Thailand and Burma.
## The games {#the_games}
### Participating nations {#participating_nations}
*Brunei was a British colony at that time
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# Afmadow
**Afmadow** (*Afmadoow*) is a city in southern Somalia, located in the middle of the Juba region and bordered by Kenya, Badhadhe, Kismayo, Jamame, Jilib, Hagar, Bardhere and Elwaq in Somalia, it\'s 401 km southwest of the capital Mogadishu. It is home to a wide variety of wild animals, including the Big Five game animals. The vegetation in Afmadow consists of rich grassland, bounded by semi-desert. It is located northwest of Kismayo. The distance between Afmadow and Kismayo is 110 kilometers or 68 miles.
## Divisions
1. Waamo
2. Faanoole
3. Danwadaag
## Sub-Divisions {#sub_divisions}
1. Bulowein
2. Bulo-Dano
3. Abaq-Baanboow
4. Adablaha
5. Hodan
6. Afarsaha
7. Cameroon
8. Barxada
9. Baldoos
10. Adoole
11. Bulo-Gumar
## History
Afmadow was captured in 2006 by the Islamic Court Union as were the other districts in the region during the Somali Civil War.
On 21 November 2009, the Islamist Al-Shabab militia took control of Afmadow, causing hundreds of families as well as western aid workers to flee in fear of violence. Another Islamist group, Hizbul Islam, left a day earlier, allowing Al-Shabab to move in without much resistance.
Tensions had been building between both militia since the former allies fell out in October in Kismayo, leading to fighting and Al-Shabab taking Kismayo in October 2009.
On 18 October 2011, eyewitnesses reported that Kenyan jets were flying low over the city and al-Shabab was preparing entrenchment systems to defend against an expected attack by the Kenyan Army as part of the Kenyan intervention in Somalia. At the time, the government in Mogadishu was denying the presence of Kenyan troops in Somalia.
On 31 May 2012, it was reported that the Jubaland security forces backed KDF captured the city, as al-Shabab abandoned the town without fighting
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# USS Mugford
**USS *Mugford*** may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
- , *Wickes*-class destroyer that was launched in 1918 and decommissioned in 1922
- , *Bagley*-class destroyer that was launched in 1937 and served until 1947, having served through World War II
Category:United States Navy ship names
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# Flatfoot 56
**Flatfoot 56** is an American Celtic punk band formed in Chicago, Illinois, in 2000. Known for their use of Scottish Highland bagpipes, the group performs an Oi! and Celtic punk sound similar to Dropkick Murphys and Flogging Molly. They have released seven studio albums and seven extended plays; their fifth album, *Black Thorn* (2010), debuted at No. 2 on the *Billboard* Heatseekers chart and No. 160 on the *Billboard* 200 at.
## History
### 2000--2004: Origins, *Rumble of 56*, and *Waves of War* {#origins_rumble_of_56_and_waves_of_war}
Flatfoot 56 formed in Chicago, Illinois, in the summer of 2000, originally a three-piece punk band consisting of brothers Tobin, Justin, and Kyle Bawinkel. The brothers started writing songs together in the fall, and by the Christmas season they were playing their first concert. Josh Robieson (bagpipes, guitar, mandolin) joined the group in January 2001, adding Highland bagpipes and a second guitar to their sound.
Following a self-titled demo EP in 2001, the band recorded their first studio album, *Rumble of 56*, in the summer of 2002, at the Noise Chamber studio in Rockford, Illinois. Their second album, *Waves of War*, was released in 2003. Their song \"That\'s OK\" had heavy radio play on stations across the Midwestern United States. It has been known as one of the higher-rated songs Flatfoot 56 has ever played and is a crowd favorite at live performances.
### 2004--2008: *Knuckles Up*, signing to Flicker, and *Jungle of the Midwest Sea* {#knuckles_up_signing_to_flicker_and_jungle_of_the_midwest_sea}
In 2004, Flatfoot 56 performed at the Cornerstone Festival in Illinois for a crowd of about 700 people. It was at this concert that the band released their third album, *Knuckles Up*. It has been the band\'s best-selling record, and the group continues to record and tour. The band has been signed to Flicker Records and has re-released *Knuckles Up* through the label. Their fourth record, *Jungle of the Midwest Sea*, was released on May 15, 2007.
### 2008--2011: Signing to Old Shoe and *Black Thorn* {#signing_to_old_shoe_and_black_thorn}
After the release of *Jungle*, the band embarked on tours, appearing at festivals including Skanksgiving (2008), Sonshine Festival (2008, 2009, 2011), and Warped Tour. They also appeared on the Warped Tour\'s 2010 Tour Compilation album, and recorded a song for the Swingin Utters tribute album *Untitled 21: A Juvenile Tribute to the Swingin\' Utters*.
In January 2009, the band announced on their website that they were recording a fifth album. On December 18 of the same year, it was officially announced that they had signed to the California-based Old Shoe Records for the release of their new album, *Black Thorn*. The album was initially due for release St. Patricks Day (March 17) 2010, but was delayed until March 30, 2010. Upon its release, the album debuted at No. 2 on *Billboard* Heatseekers New Artist Chart, and on the *Billboard* Top 200 at No. 160, among other Billboard charts. The video for the *Black Thorn* single \"Courage\" was nominated for a 2010 Chicago/Midwest Emmy Award for \'Best Director\', and another album track, \"Born For This\", was featured on the Old Shoe compilation album *Welcome to the Family Vol. 4*. *Black Thorn* was included in *Spin* magazine\'s \"List of 7 Life Changing Records\".
### 2011--2017: Signing to Paper + Plastick and *Toil* {#signing_to_paper_plastick_and_toil}
While on tour in 2011, Flatfoot 56 played at Summerfest in Milwaukee with Less than Jake. Less than Jake drummer Vinnie Fiorello, owner of Paper + Plastick Records, saw the band play and was impressed by their energy and performance. When he discovered that the band was looking for a record label, he offered to sign them. Paper + Plastick officially announced the signing in October 2011. The band reteamed with *Black Thorn* producer Johnny Rioux, feeling the familiarity would allow them to work more freely, and recorded the album in January 2012 at Atlas Studios in Chicago. The album, *Toil*, was released on July 30, 2012 and received favorable reviews from *Alternative Press* and *AbsolutePunk*, with the latter writing: \"It\'s not every day you come across a Christian group that\'s unabashedly liberal politically. On *Toil*, it\'s much less a gimmick and much more a reflection of the band\'s genuity -- their working class roots and the ability they have to combine faith, culture and song to stand up for them. That, to me, deserves a respect that runs deeper than the freshness, or lack thereof, of a melody.\"
### 2017--present: Sailor\'s Grave, *Odd Boat*, and other recordings {#present_sailors_grave_odd_boat_and_other_recordings}
In 2017, the band crowdfunded a seventh studio album, *Odd Boat*, released through Sailor\'s Grave Records. The record spawned two singles, \"Cain\" and the title track. The group also released an EP, *The Vancouver Sessions*, through Sailor\'s Grave the following year.
In 2022, the band released a split EP with The Rumjacks, spawning the singles \"Mud\" and \"Sorry\".
## Side projects {#side_projects}
Bassist Kyle Bawinkel sings for the hardcore side project Sexually Frustrated.
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# Flatfoot 56
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
The Flatfoot 56 songs \"Shiny Eyes\", \"Son of Shame\", and \"We Grow Stronger\" were featured in the third season of the FX drama series *Sons of Anarchy*.
Flatfoot 56 also performed two tracks for WWE: Johnny Curtis\'s theme, \"I Told You So\", and a version of Irish-born wrestler Sheamus\'s theme, \"Written In My Face\"
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# 1981 SEA Games
The **1981 Southeast Asian Games**, officially known as the **11th Southeast Asian Games**, were a multi-sport event held in Manila, Philippines from 6 to 15 December 1981. This was the first time that the Philippines hosted the Games since its first participation in 1977, and by that, the Philippines became the sixth nation to host the SEA Games after Thailand, Burma, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia.
More than 2,200 athletes and officials had participated in the Manila SEA Games. The event was officially opened by President Ferdinand Marcos, and the cauldron was lit by Benjamin Silva-Netto. The colourful opening ceremony was held in the Rizal Memorial Stadium.
A new football stadium and indoor arena was built in Pasig named the University of Life Track & Field and Arena or the ULTRA, now called the PhilSports Complex. The adjacent apartments were used as the athlete\'s quarters and was converted into a *BLISS* housing project of First Lady Imelda Marcos. The final medal tally was led by Indonesia, followed by Thailand and hosts Philippines
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# Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers
The **Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers** (German: **Basilika Vierzehnheiligen**) is a church located near the town of Bad Staffelstein near Bamberg, in Bavaria, southern Germany. The late Baroque (Rococo) basilica, designed by Balthasar Neumann, was constructed between 1743 and 1772. It is dedicated to the Fourteen Holy Helpers, a group of saints venerated together in the Catholic Church, especially in Germany at the time of the Black Death. The interior has been nicknamed \"God\'s Ballroom\".
## Location
The Basilica overlooks the river Main in Franconia. It sits on a hillside, and on the hillside opposite is *Schloss Banz*, a former Baroque abbey. Together they are known as the *Goldene Pforte* or golden portal, an entryway to the historic Franconian towns of Coburg, Kronach, Kulmbach, and Bayreuth.
## Legend
On 24 September 1445, a young shepherd Hermann Leicht saw a crying child in a field near a Cistercian monastery in Langheim. As he bent down to pick up the child, it abruptly disappeared. A short time later, the child reappeared in the same spot along with two floating candles and Hermann reported it to the Cistercians. The next summer, he saw the child a third time. This time, the child bore a red cross on its chest and was accompanied by fourteen other figures. The child said they were the fourteen helpers and would help others if a chapel was erected for them. The two candles descended and the vision disappeared, after which the healing miracles began.
18 days after the third apparition, a fatally ill maid from Langheim was cured after she invoked the help of the Fourteen Holy Helpers. Langheim abbey, which had been previously skeptical concerning the apparitions, recognized them and a pilgrimage was soon begun.
The Cistercian brothers to whom the land belonged erected a chapel, which immediately attracted pilgrims. An altar was consecrated as early as 1448. Pilgrimages to the Vierzehnheiligen continue to the present day between May and October.
## Construction
The present church was built from 1743 to 1772. Its unique interior, in the style of Rococo, is due to an irregularity in the construction. Langheim Abbey wished for the costs of construction to be lowered and thus changed the architectural plans, despite the foundational stone already being laid. When this was discovered by Neumann, the architect, the walls of the three apses had already been erected. The Altar of Grace (which being the site of the apparitions could not be moved) would no longer be located in the center of the crossing as originally intended but in the nave. Neumann thus split the room into three ovals and placed the Altar back in the center by making it the center of the largest oval rotund in the middle, surrounded by four columns on each side.
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# Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers
## The Mercy Altar of the Vierzehnheiligen {#the_mercy_altar_of_the_vierzehnheiligen}
The Mercy Altar, also known as the Gnadenaltar, marks the site where the apparition of the Fourteen Holy Helpers occurred. The fourteen statues adorning the altar are:
- On the balustrade:
- Blaise (also Blase and Blasius) (February 3), bishop and martyr, invoked against illness of the throat
- Cyriacus (Cyriac) (August 8), deacon and martyr, invoked against temptation on the death-bed
- Denis (Dionysius) (October 9), bishop and martyr, invoked against headache
- Erasmus (Elmo) (June 2), bishop and martyr, invoked against intestinal ailments
<File:1772> wurde Vierzehnheiligen fertig. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Nothelferaltar. 13.jpg\|St Blaise with a mitre and crozier, holding crossed candles <File:1772> wurde Vierzehnheiligen fertig. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Nothelferaltar. 05.jpg\|St Cyriacus holding the palm of martyrdom <File:Bad> Staffelstein, Basilika Vierzehnheiligen - Mercy altar 014.jpg\|St Denis beheaded <File:1772> wurde Vierzehnheiligen fertig. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Nothelferaltar. 08.jpg\|St Erasmus with a mitre and crozier
- In the altar niches:
- Barbara (December 4), virgin and martyr, invoked against fever and sudden death
- Catherine of Alexandria (November 25), virgin and martyr, invoked against sudden death
<File:1772> wurde Vierzehnheiligen fertig. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Nothelferaltar. 16.jpg\|St Barbara holding the Host and Chalice <File:1772> wurde Vierzehnheiligen fertig. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Nothelferaltar. 04.jpg\|center\|St Catherine holding a sword and the palm of martyrdom
- On the buttresses:
- Agathius (or Acacius) (May 8), martyr, invoked against headache
- Christopher (Christophorus) (July 25), martyr, invoked against bubonic plague
- Eustachius (Eustace, Eustathius) (September 20), martyr, invoked against family discord
- Giles (Aegidius) (September 1), hermit and abbot, invoked against plague, for a good confession
<File:1772> wurde Vierzehnheiligen fertig. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Nothelferaltar. 17.jpg\|St Agathius in centurion armour holding a cross <File:1772> wurde Vierzehnheiligen fertig. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Nothelferaltar. 10.jpg\|St Christopher carrying a stick and the Christ Child <File:Vierzehnheiligen> HEILIGER EUSTACHIUS P3RM0795.jpg\|St Eustace holding a stag with a crucifix between its antlers <File:Vierzehnheiligen> St.Ägidius P3RM0792.jpg\|St Giles holding a crozier and comforting his arrow-shot doe
- On top of the baldachin:
- George (April 23), soldier-martyr, for the health of domestic animals
- Margaret of Antioch (July 20), virgin and martyr, invoked in childbirth
- Pantaleon (July 27), bishop and martyr, for physicians
- Vitus (June 15), martyr, invoked against epilepsy
<File:1772> wurde Vierzehnheiligen fertig. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Nothelferaltar. 12.jpg\|St George dressed in crusader plate armour and holding a lance <File:1772> wurde Vierzehnheiligen fertig. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Nothelferaltar. 15.jpg\|St Margaret wearing a crown and holding a cross and dragon <File:Bad> Staffelstein, Basilika Vierzehnheiligen - Mercy altar 029.jpg\|St Pantaleon
## The High Altar of Vierzehnheiligen {#the_high_altar_of_vierzehnheiligen}
thumb\|250px\|right\|Illuminated high altar. The central scene of the unobstructed and towering high altar is a larger-than-life painting showing the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The statues depict her spouse Joseph, her father Joachim, and David and Zachariah.
## Pulpit
Free-floating white putti bear the pulpit, ornamented with the golden reliefs of the Evangelists which are surrounded by shellwork. The pulpit tester (sound board) is made of rays in a spherical shape.
## Gallery
<File:Vierzehnheiligen> Basilika Nordtturm-20220304-RM-113730.jpg\|Northern tower of the Basilica <File:Vierzehnheiligen> Basilika Nordturm Spitze Luftbild-20220304-RM-120321.jpg\|Close up of spire from the northern tower <File:Vierzehnheiligen> Basilika Luftbild-20220304-RM-115505.jpg\|Overhead view of the Basilica <File:Basilika> Vierzehnheiligen by Stepro IMG 0241.JPG\|Main entrance <File:1897> wurde Vierzehnheiligen der Rang einer Basilica minor verliehen. 03.jpg\|Ceiling of interior <File:Bad> Staffelstein Basilika Vierzehnheiligen Innen 1.JPG\|Nave of the Basilica <File:Basilika> Vierzehnheiligen 01.jpg\|Fresco adorning the ceiling above High Altar <File:Bad> Staffelstein Basilika Vierzehnheiligen Innen Gnadenaltar 04.JPG\|Closeup of the Mercy Altar <File:Basilika> Vierzehnheiligen by Stepro IMG 0334.JPG\|Statue of the Child from the apparitions <File:Vierzehnheiligen> Decke 3070578efs.jpg\|Main fresco <File:Vierzehnheiligen> Orgel P3RM0708-HDR.jpg\|Pipe organ <File:Bad> Staffelstein Basilika Vierzehnheiligen Innen Kanzel 3.JPG\|Pulpit of Basilica <File:1897> wurde Vierzehnheiligen der Rang einer Basilica minor verliehen. 09.jpg\|Ceiling of Basilica <File:1743> bis 1772 wurde Vierzehnheiligen erbaut und mit prächtigen Altären ausgestattet. 04.jpg\|Crucifix on the High Altar <File:Vierzehnheiligen> Seitenaltar P3RM0751-HDR.jpg\|Altar of St Anthony <File:Basilika> Vierzehnheiligen by Stepro IMG 0363.JPG\|Gate behind the Mercy Altar <File:Vierzehnheiligen> Hochaltar 3070592efs01.jpg\|High Altar <File:Bad> Staffelstein Basilika Vierzehnheiligen Innen Oratorium
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# Graeme Cremer
**Alexander Graeme Cremer** (born 19 September 1986) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who captained the national cricket team between May 2016 and March 2018. He is a leg-spinner who got into the Zimbabwe side at the age of eighteen, following the exit of Paul Strang, Andy Whittall and Ray Price.
## Early career {#early_career}
Educated at the prestigious Prince Edward School, Cremer was quite prolific in school cricket, taking many wickets. He made his Test debut against Bangladesh in Dhaka on 6 January 2005, a match that Zimbabwe went on to lose handing the Bangladeshi Tigers their first ever Test match victory.
## International career {#international_career}
Cremer then played Tests against South Africa and New Zealand. Unfortunately Cremer, seen by many as a Test specialist, had his opportunities limited thereafter due to Zimbabwe\'s self-imposed exile from Test cricket. After several years on the fringes of the national team Cremer finally broke into the limited overs squad against the West Indies in late 2007. However, Zimbabwe\'s strong spin attack of Ray Price and Prosper Utseya meant he did not get any game time. It wasn\'t until the Al Barakah Cup Twenty20 tournament in Canada that Cremer was finally given a chance in the shorter format, and he made the most of it by taking 2/10 from his 3 overs.
He continued to be part of the squad in the subsequent series against Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, often named 12th man. His ODI debut came in January 2009 against Kenya, and his first ODI series was outstanding. He finished the tournament as the leading wicket taker, with 15 wickets from 5 matches at an average of 11.46.
Cremer has also developed into a bowling all-rounder. His highest First Class score is an unbeaten 171 in the 2006--07 Logan Cup, while his First Class and List A averages are in the 20s.
When Zimbabwe returned to Test cricket in 2011, Cremer missed the one-off Tests against Bangladesh, Pakistan and New Zealand due to injury. He was called up for his return to Test cricket, over six years since his last Test, for the one-off Test against New Zealand in January 2012. Cremer announced his retirement from Zimbabwe Cricket after disputes over payments in 2013, focusing instead on becoming a professional golfer. However, in 2015 he made a surprise U-turn to play for Zimbabwe again and was selected for the Pakistan tour.
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# Graeme Cremer
## International career {#international_career}
### Captaincy
Cremer was appointed as the interim captain of Zimbabwe team and they played first match under Cremer against India in June 2016. Despite loss all 3 ODIs against India, Zimbabwe won first T20I by 2 wickets, which was first victory under Cremer.
Next, Zimbabwe played another home series against New Zealand, which was also whitewashed by New Zealand 2--0. However, prior to Sri Lanka test tour, former Zimbabwean cricketer Heath Streak was appointed as the coach and Cremer stood as the captain for the series.
During the first Test at Harare, Cremer took four crucial wickets in Sri Lankan first innings and while bat, also scored his maiden Test century, guiding his team to avoid follow-on. With this, He became the first Zimbabwe player and only the seventh captain to make a hundred and take four wickets in an innings of a Test. His efforts in both innings of the Test ended in vain, where they lost the match by 225 runs. During the first test, Cremer set a record for facing the most number of balls as a number 8 batsman in a test match facing 351 balls just after Wasim Akram who faced 363 balls as number 8 batsman in a single test. However, Cremer was awarded man of the match for his all-round performance in the match. Zimbabwe lost this series 0--2.
The test series was followed by a tri-series also featuring West Indies. Under Cremer, Zimbabwe advanced to the finals of a tri-series for the first time in six years with four different results -- a loss, a tie, a no-result and a win. Zimbabwe lost the finals to Sri Lanka, however.
However, under his captaincy, Zimbabwe recorded their first ODI series win against Sri Lanka, which is recorded as their only fourth series win in all time. In the series, Zimbabwe recorded the first 300+ successful chase in Sri Lanka soil for the first time in 296 ODIs in Sri Lanka as well.
His captaincy improved better and better with every game in all formats. On 16 July 2017, in the one-off test against Sri Lanka at R Premadasa Stadium, Cremer took his maiden test five-wicket haul. With that, Cremer became the first Zimbabwe captain to take a five-wicket haul as well. However, Zimbabwe lost the match by 4 wickets, where Sri Lanka successfully chased 388 runs to post highest ever run-chase in Asia in tests. Cremer took 9 wickets in the match for 275 runs, which was recorded as best by a Zimbabwe captain in Tests.
In March 2018, after Zimbabwe failed to progress from the 2018 Cricket World Cup Qualifier tournament in Zimbabwe, Cremer was sacked by Zimbabwe Cricket.
### Post-captaincy {#post_captaincy}
In January 2019, Cremer relocated to Dubai with his wife, Merna Moore and their two children after Moore was offered a position as pilot for Emirates. In April 2019, he acted as a coaching consultant for the United Arab Emirates cricket team for their tour to Zimbabwe. He is currently the academy director of Rajasthan Royals Cricket Academy
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# Sandefjordsfjord
**Sandefjordsfjorden** or sometimes simply **Sandefjorden**, is a 9 km long fjord in Sandefjord Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. It is located west of the mainland, south of the town of Sandefjord, and east of the Vesterøya peninsula. The Sandefjordsfjord is the longest of the four fjords located in Sandefjord, Norway. It is a wide fjord which gradually shrinks northbound towards the city harbor. It has a number of small islands located in the fjord including Granholmen.
## Name
The name dates to Sverris saga from 1200 AD. Its name derives from the name *Sandar* which, originally, was that of the farm just outside the present town centre, and which for hundreds of years was the vicarage of the parish of Sandeherred (Sandar), also known as *Sande* -- hence the *Sande-fjord*. As the town came into existence, the name gradually came to be applied to it, and the need for an expression to allow references to the fjord, as opposed to the town, emerged. *Sandefjordsfjord* was the pleonastic result. The name *Sandarfjorden* was suggested during the Sandar-Sandefjord merger in the 1960s, but its current name was ultimately kept
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# Tullinge
**Tullinge** is a suburb of Greater Stockholm, Sweden. It is located in the eastern part of Botkyrka Municipality, on the border to the Flemingsberg part of Huddinge Municipality. It had approximately 20,000 inhabitants in 2011.
Tullinge has become known for the Airforce airfield (F18), now closed down and mostly turned into student apartments.
Tullinge is a part of Stockholm commuter rail, which was built in 1968.
## Climate
The weather station of Tullinge is located in a frost hollow outside the urban heat island of Stockholm at the old Airforce airfield and regularly sees significantly colder night temperatures compared to the other stations in Stockholm as a result of that. Tullinge has a humid continental climate (Dfb) with a high diurnal range, and a relatively low amount of precipitation as is typical of south-eastern Sweden.
## History
Tullinge was first mentioned in connection with the literary peasant Clauus i þulunge, this happened on May 26, 1353 when he did a soil replacement in Botkyrka. This is mentioned in a legal document from the Svarta Löts ting.
The remains of two prehistoric hillforts are present near Tullingesjön: *Skansberget* and *Örnberget*. In the 19th century several artifacts from the Bronze Age and Iron Age were found, including one collection named *Tullingeskatten* (Tullinge treasure) which included two axes and a shard.
## Education
Tullinge has seven primary schools and two secondary schools.
**Primary schools**:
- Banslättsskolan (F-5)
- Eklidsskolan (F-5) (built 1947)
- Falkbergsskolan (6-9)
- Parkhemsskolan (F-5)
- Rikstens skola (F-9)
- Trädgårddsstadsskolan (F-9)
- Tullingebergsskolan (F-5)
**Secondary schools**:
- Tullinge gymnasium
- Gullvivan gymnasium
## Tullinge station {#tullinge_station}
When western main line was drawn through Tullinge at the end of the 1800s there were no station Tullinge, but when they built the track to double in 1903, they also built a bus stop. 1917 was upgraded to the bus stop station. Tullinge station was moved 1.5 kilometers northeast associated with the building of the new center in Tullinge. The location of the new station was more accessible to residents, and the new location allowed more apartment buildings and townhouses could be built.
## Sports
Tullinge has a rich sporting life with many sports clubs. Tullinge also has sportgrounds BrantBrinks IP and Lida outdoor facility which is the hub of Tullinge Sport.
Sports Clubs in Tullinge
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# 1983 SEA Games
The **1983 Southeast Asian Games**, officially known as the **12th Southeast Asian Games**, or informally **Singapore 1983**, were a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Singapore from 28 May to 6 June 1983. Scheduled to be hosted by Brunei in accordance to the renewed alphabetical rotation of hosting duties, the 1983 SEA Games were offered to be hosted by Singapore as Brunei prepared for its forthcoming independence from the United Kingdom. The games also marked the return of Cambodia, as People\'s Republic of Kampuchea after an 8-year-long absence since the Khmer Rouge seized power in 1975.
The games was opened and closed by Devan Nair, the President of Singapore at the Singapore National Stadium. The final medal tally was led by Indonesia, followed by the Philippines, Thailand and host Singapore.
## The games {#the_games}
### Participating nations {#participating_nations}
Brunei was a British colony at that time until independence on 1 January 1984
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# Hongqiao, Tianjin
Hongqiao}} `{{more citations needed|date=August 2013}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox settlement
|name = Hongqiao
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|红桥区}}}}
|official_name =
|postal_code_type = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
|postal_code = 300171
|area_code = 0022
|settlement_type = [[District (PRC)|District]]
|image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 280
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| image1 = 天津三叉河口.jpg
| image2 =
| image3 = 炫彩津门122天津西站老站房.jpg
| image4 = 谦祥益绸布店.jpg
| image5 = 红桥区陆家嘴中心.jpg
| image6 = 平津战役纪念馆1.jpg
| image7 = 炫彩津门0天津西站全景Panorama of Tianjin West Railway Station.jpg
|image8=
}}
|image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=11}}
|map_caption =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = China
|subdivision_type1 = [[Direct-controlled municipality|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Tianjin]]
|subdivision_type2 = Township-level divisions
|subdivision_name2 =
|area_total_km2 = 21.3
|population_total = 483,130
|population_as_of = 2020
|population_density_km2 = auto
|coordinates =
|elevation_ft =
|elevation_m =
|timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
|utc_offset = +8
|website = {{URL|tjhqqzf.gov.cn}}
|blank_name_sec1 = Tianjin district map
|blank_info_sec1 = {{Tianjin districts}}
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Hongqiao District** (`{{zh|s=红桥区|t=紅橋區|p=Hóngqiáo Qū}}`{=mediawiki}) is a district in the city of Tianjin, China. The name of the district derives from the name of a bridge - Dahong Bridge (`{{zh|s=大红桥 |t=大虹橋 |p=Dàhóng Qiáo |l=big red bridge |labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}) - on the Ziya River, a tributary of Hai River.
## Administrative divisions {#administrative_divisions}
Name Chinese (S) Hanyu Pinyin Population (2010) Area (km^2^)
--------------------------------- -------------- ----------------------- ------------------- --------------
Xiyuzhuang Subdistrict 西于庄街道 Xīyúzhuāng Jiēdào 80,888 3.89
Xianyang North Road Subdistrict 咸阳北路街道 Xiányángběilù Jiēdào 74,799 2.42
Dingzigu Subdistrict 丁字沽街道 Dīngzìgū Jiēdào 98,652 2.47
Xigu Subdistrict 西沽街道 Xīgū Jiēdào 86,971 4.77
Santiaoshi Subdistrict 三条石街道 Sāntiáoshí Jiēdào 19,255 1.37
Shaogongzhuang Subdistrict 邵公庄街道 Shàogōngzhuāng Jiēdào 54,413 3.12
Jieyuan Subdistrict 芥园街道 Jièyuán Jiēdào 33,212 1
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# Régine Crespin
**Régine Crespin** (23 February 1927 -- 5 July 2007) was a French soprano who had a major international career in opera and on the concert stage between 1950 and 1989. She started her career singing roles in the dramatic soprano and spinto soprano repertoire, drawing particular acclaim singing Wagner and Strauss heroines. She went on to sing a wider repertoire that embraced Italian, French, German, and Russian opera from a variety of musical periods. In the early 1970s Crespin began experiencing vocal difficulties for the first time and ultimately began performing roles from the mezzo-soprano repertoire. Throughout her career she was widely admired for the elegance, warmth and subtlety of her singing, especially in the French and German operatic repertories.
Crespin began her career in France, earning her first critical successes in the French provinces during the early 1950s and then becoming a fixture at the Opéra National de Paris in the mid-1950s. Her international career was launched in 1958 with a critically acclaimed performance of Kundry in Richard Wagner\'s *Parsifal* at the Bayreuth Festival. She soon appeared at most of the major opera houses in the United States and Europe and also made a number of appearances in South America. She had a long and fruitful association with the Metropolitan Opera in New York City, making over 125 appearances at that house between 1962 and 1987. Crespin retired from the stage in 1989, after which she taught singing for many years at her alma mater, the Conservatoire de Paris, and gave numerous acclaimed master classes at conservatories and universities internationally.
In recognition of Crespin\'s artistry as a singer, the Marguerite Long--Jacques Thibaud Competition, which had been restricted to pianists and violinists, was expanded in 2011 to include singers, and renamed the Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition.
## Early life and education: 1927--1950 {#early_life_and_education_19271950}
Crespin was born in Marseille in 1927. She moved to Nîmes with her family at the age of five and her parents Henri and Margherita opened a large shoe store in that city, Palombo, which they ran for many years. Crespin\'s childhood was not an easy one, being affected both by growing up during World War II and her mother\'s alcoholism. She initially intended to be a pharmacist but was prevented in pursuing this path after failing to pass her *Baccalauréat* at the age of 16. Up to this point her father had not allowed her to study singing. However, as her career path was limited by the exam results he finally allowed her to start taking lessons for purely pragmatic reasons. She went on to win first prize in a singing competition a few years later, and, at the age of nineteen, she went to Paris to study at the Conservatoire de Paris in the classes of Suzanne Cesbon-Viseur, Paul Cabanel and Georges Jouatte. Four years later, in 1950, she was awarded first prize in the school\'s onstage competitions for opera and opéra comique and second prize in the school\'s singing competition. Traditionally past winners of Conservatoire\'s competitions were offered performance contracts with the Opéra National de Paris, but Crespin was for some unknown reason not offered one. This created a somewhat tenuous relationship between Crespin and her country\'s musical establishment which extended into the early portion of her career.
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# Régine Crespin
## Early career in France: 1950--1957 {#early_career_in_france_19501957}
Her first professional stage engagement was in Reims in 1949 (Charlotte in *Werther*) while she was still studying at the Conservatoire. Crespin was then engaged by the Opéra national du Rhin to portray Elsa in Richard Wagner\'s *Lohengrin* -- sung in French -- at Mulhouse in 1950. Received with positive reviews, Crespin was finally approached by the Paris Opéra with a contract. She accepted and made her debut there in 1951 singing Elsa. On 27 June 1951 she made her debut at the Opéra-Comique singing the title role in Giacomo Puccini\'s *Tosca*, later singing Santuzza in *Cavalleria rusticana*. However, her reception in Paris was somewhat cool and did not improve, despite performing a number of roles in that city from 1951/52. Her contract wasn\'t renewed because the Director Maurice Lehmann thought she was \"too fat\".
Crespin decided to leave Paris in 1952 and try her luck performing with opera houses in the provinces of France : she sang in Marseilles, Nîmes, Nice, Lyons, Bordeaux, Toulouse, etc. There she found her first critical successes, particularly in the roles of the Marschallin in Richard Strauss\'s *Der Rosenkavalier* and Tosca, both sung in French. In 1955 she returned to the Paris Opéra as Rezia in Carl Maria von Weber\'s *Oberon*. This time enthusiastically received by Paris audiences, Crespin went on to sing several triumphant performances at that house over the next three years, as Desdemona in Giuseppe Verdi\'s *Otello*, Amelia in Verdi\'s *Un ballo in maschera*, Brunehild in *Sigurd* and Madame Lidoine in the 1957 Paris premiere of Francis Poulenc\'s *Dialogues of the Carmelites* among others. She also continued to remain active in opera houses throughout France, notably singing in the world premiere of Marcel Mirouze\'s *Geneviève de Paris* at the Arena of Fourvière (Lyon) in 1955 and in another world premiere, Henri Tomasi\'s *Sampiero Corsu* at the Grand Théâtre de Bordeaux in 1956.
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# Régine Crespin
## Rise to international success: 1958--1962 {#rise_to_international_success_19581962}
Crespin\'s international career began when she was chosen by Wieland Wagner to sing Kundry in Wagner\'s *Parsifal* at the 1958 Bayreuth Festival, despite the fact that she had never sung Wagner in German. To learn the role in German, she was coached by Lou Bruder, a professor of German literature who later became her husband. When Crespin first auditioned for Wieland she had initially assumed that he would cast her in what the French call *les wagnériennes blondes*, such as Elsa, Eva, Sieglinde, and Elisabeth. She was therefore surprised when she was asked to tackle Kundry. Crespin recalls that when she expressed her surprise to Wieland he dismissed the other roles, saying, \"Oh, those dummies, I don\'t like them. Look, you are not born for that, you have a better job to do.\" Crespin\'s performance was so well liked that she was invited to sing Kundry again for the 1959 and 1960 Bayreuth Festivals. She returned to the festival again in 1961 to sing Sieglinde in Wagner\'s *Die Walküre* and the third norn in *Götterdämmerung*.
Crespin\'s performances of Kundry effectively launched her international opera career, and she was soon invited to perform on the stages of the world\'s great opera houses. In 1959 she made her debut at La Scala singing the title role in Ildebrando Pizzetti\'s *Fedra*. That same year she made her first appearances at the Vienna State Opera singing Sieglinde in *Die Walküre* and the Marschallin in *Der Rosenkavalier*. She sang the Marschallin again for the 1959 Glyndebourne Festival and for her debut at the Royal Opera Covent Garden in 1960, bringing \"Gallic finesse, complemented by an ideal sense of proportion, supported by perfect German... she never succumbed to exaggeration, physical or vocal, never seemed fussy, never confused sadness with tragedy\". She returned to Covent Garden numerous times over the next four years singing such roles as Elsa in *Lohengrin* and Tosca. In 1961 she sang for the first time at the Deutsche Oper Berlin. She sang Tosca for her United States debut at the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1962 with Giuseppe Zampieri as Cavaradossi and Tito Gobbi as Scarpia. She returned to Chicago numerous times, singing such roles as Amelia (1963), Leonore in Beethoven\'s *Fidelio* (1963), Elisabeth in Wagner\'s *Tannhäuser* (1963), and the title role in Strauss\'s *Ariadne auf Naxos* (1964). In 1966, Crespin performed in Boston for the Peabody Mason Concert series.
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# Régine Crespin
## International acclaim: 1962--1989 {#international_acclaim_19621989}
She appeared as Tosca in Geneva in 1962 and in the same year she joined the roster of principal sopranos at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City where she sang every year -- with the exception of 1974 -- through 1981. Her first performance at the house was on 19 November 1962 singing the Marschallin with Hertha Töpper as Octavian, Otto Edelmann as Baron Ochs, Anneliese Rothenberger as Sophie, and Lorin Maazel conducting. Among the many roles she sang at the Met over the next two decades included Amelia, the title role in *Carmen*, Charlotte in *Werther*, Elsa, Giulietta in *Les Contes d\'Hoffmann* Kundry, Santuzza in *Cavalleria rusticana*, Senta in *Der fliegende Holländer*, Sieglinde, and Tosca. After leaving the Met in 1981, Crespin returned to the house twice more: once to perform for the Met\'s 100th Anniversary Gala in 1983 and a final appearance in April 1987 as Madame de Croissy in *Dialogues des Carmélites*. All told Crespin appeared in 129 performances at the Metropolitan Opera during her career, performing with many leading singers of the time.
During her years at the Metropolitan Opera, Crespin remained active on the international opera stage. In 1961 she made the first of many appearances at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires singing the Marschallin and Kundry, returning the next year as Tosca, Fauré\'s *Pénélope* and the title role in Gluck\'s *Iphigénie en Tauride* and 1964 as both Cassandre and Didon in \"Les Troyens\". She came back as Berlioz\'s Marguerite, Werther\'s Charlotte, Carmen and *The Queen of Spades*. Her last role at that house was Madame Flora (Baba) in *The Medium* in 1987.
In 1966 she sang Ariadne at the Aix-en-Provence Festival and that same year made her first appearance at the San Francisco Opera singing both Cassandre and Didon in Berlioz\'s *Les Troyens*. She returned to the San Francisco Opera numerous times, singing such roles as Elisabeth in *Tannhäuser* (1966), the Marschallin (1967), Sieglinde (1968), Tosca (1970), Santuzza (1976), Mme de Croissy (1982), the title role in Offenbach\'s *La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein* (1983), Madame Flora (1986), and the Countess in Tchaikovsky\'s *The Queen of Spades* (1987). In 1963 she made her debut with the Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company portraying Sieglinde, a role which she repeated there in 1965. She later sang with the Opera Company of Philadelphia as Carmen (1978), the Countess (1983), and Madame Flora (1986). Under Karajan, in 1967 Crespin portrayed Brünnhilde in Wagner\'s *Die Walküre* for her first appearance at the Salzburg Festival. She also returned to the Opéra National de Paris a handful of times during her career, notably singing the title role in Fauré\'s *Pénélope*. Her last opera performance was at the Paris Opéra in 1989 singing the Countess in *The Queen of Spades*. In 1970, after almost twenty years of faultless reviews, Crespin began experiencing some vocal challenges which caused her to re-evaluate her career. This coincided with the end of her marriage to Lou Bruder to whom she had been married for eleven years; the couple had no children. She also had illnesses and personal issues, all of which brought her to contemplate suicide.
With Charlotte in *Werther* in 1974, Crespin began performing opera roles for mezzo-soprano to adjust to the change in her voice. However the timbre of her voice had not altered much from her earlier singing years and she therefore brought a different sound to these roles from that of the typical mezzo-soprano. Regardless, she was well received in her new choice of repertoire. This period also led to her interest in Offenbach and her sophisticated wit found its place in recordings of Métella, the Grand Duchess of Gérolstein and La Périchole, along with Dulcinée (Massenet\'s *Don Quichotte*).
Crespin sang in many concert halls around the world, where her repertoire included Marguerite in *La Damnation de Faust*, and *Les nuits d\'été* by Berlioz. In recital, along with lieder (Schumann, Schubert, Brahms) she excelled in the French mélodie repertoire, especially Debussy and Poulenc, where the savouring of words and ability to capture the mood of songs made her a memorable interpreter. She gave the premiere of Marius Constant\'s *Cinq Chants et une vocalise* in 1968.
## Later life: 1990--2007 {#later_life_19902007}
After retiring from singing in 1989, Crespin focused mainly on teaching. She had joined the faculty at the Conservatoire de Paris in 1974 and continued to teach there until 1995. She had also begun teaching at the San Francisco Opera\'s Merola Opera Program during the latter part of her career, and was involved with that program for more than twenty years. Crespin also frequently traveled to give master classes at Universities and music conservatories in Europe and the United States during her retirement years. She continued to teach until her death from liver cancer in Paris on 5 July 2007. She had previously overcome battles with cancer in 1978 and 1984.
Her memoirs, *La vie et l\'amour d\'une femme* (the French name for Schumann\'s song cycle *Frauenliebe und -leben*), are quite candid, providing much detail of the singer\'s private life as well as unusual insights into her professional world. It was first published in French in 1982 and was republished in an expanded version called *À la scene, à la ville* - in English *On Stage, Off Stage: A Memoir*`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}in 1997.
Crespin was appointed Chevalier of the Légion d\'honneur in 1972, and later made an Officer in 1982 and a Commander in 1994.
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# Régine Crespin
## Recordings
In her autobiography Crespin analyses the difficulties she found in the recording process, and notes that the Decca engineers called her, affectionately, \'the French cannon\' due to the size of her voice.
Crespin left a considerable discography, starting, in the early part of her career, with recital discs for Véga, Pathé and Decca. Her classic recording of Berlioz\'s *Les nuits d\'été* and Ravel\'s *Shéhérazade* with Ernest Ansermet and the Suisse Romande Orchestra is regarded by many as one of the finest versions on disc. Among her other important recordings were Sieglinde in *Die Walküre*, and the Marschallin in *Der Rosenkavalier*, both for Decca with the Vienna Philharmonic conducted by Sir Georg Solti, and Brünnhilde in *Die Walküre* with the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Herbert von Karajan on Deutsche Grammophon.
The discography section of her autobiography contains entries for complete works of composers from Berlioz, Bizet, Fauré, Massenet, Offenbach, Poulenc, Strauss to Wagner. She won prizes from the Académie du Disque lyrique, Grand Prix du Disque and Académie Charles-Cros.
From 1954, Crespin regularly featured in numerous broadcasts on the French Radio and Television. Most of them have been archived by the Institut national de l\'audiovisuel
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# Epsilon Arae
The Bayer designation **Epsilon Arae** (ε Ara / ε Arae) is shared by two star systems, both in the constellation Ara:
- ε^1^ Arae
- ε^2^ Arae
They are separated by 0.54° on the sky
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# Care (band)
**Care** were an English new wave band formed by Paul Simpson and Ian Broudie in 1983 in Liverpool, England. Care were created after the split of the Wild Swans when singer Paul Simpson (also ex-keyboardist for the Teardrop Explodes) came together with guitarist Ian Broudie (previously of Big in Japan and Original Mirrors). The first single was released in June 1983.
## History
Paul Simpson is the vocalist of the Wild Swans, whose songs include the 1981 single \"The Revolutionary Spirit\". Simpson has said that the Care single \"Whatever Possessed You\" was originally written by him as a Wild Swans song. An album by Care was recorded but has never been released. The singles \"Whatever Possessed You\", \"Flaming Sword\" (a top 50 single in the United Kingdom in 1983) and \"My Boyish Days\" were released by Camden in 1997 on a compilation album entitled *Diamonds & Emeralds*, which also included the duo\'s B-sides, unfinished demos and tracks intended for *Love Crowns and Crucifies*.
According to AllMusic, Care developed a cult following in Japan and the Philippines (where Care\'s songs were more popular than they were in their native UK), which kept the group\'s memory alive.
The band broke up in 1985 after the departure of Simpson.
## Post-Care {#post_care}
Upon leaving Care, Simpson re-formed the Wild Swans and released two albums *Bringing Home the Ashes* (1988, Sire) and *Space Flower* (1990, Sire). *Space Flower* reunited Broudie and Simpson, with Broudie producing the album and playing guitar. Simpson performed under the moniker Skyray from 1996 to 2006; he re-formed again the Wild Swans in 2008, releasing a new album, *The Coldest Winter for a Hundred Years* (2011, Occultation Recordings).
Ian Broudie went on to form the Lightning Seeds in the late 1980s, releasing a string of albums which spawned hit singles like \"Pure\", \"Change\", \"Sugarcoated Iceberg\", \"The Life of Riley\" and \"You Showed Me\". As a solo artist, Broudie released his first album, *Tales Told*, in 2004.
## Discography
### Compilation
- *Diamonds & Emeralds* (1997)
### Singles
- \"My Boyish Days (Drink To Me)\" (1983)
- \"Flaming Sword\" (October 1983) -- UK No
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# Fixin' to Die Blues
\"**Fixin\' to Die Blues**\" is a song by American blues musician Bukka White. It is performed in the Delta blues style with White\'s vocal and guitar accompanied by washboard rhythm. White recorded it in Chicago on May 8, 1940, for record producer Lester Melrose. The song was written just days before, along with eleven others, at Melrose\'s urging.
## History
White was resuming his recording career, which had been interrupted by his incarceration for two years at the infamous Parchman Farm prison in Mississippi. While there, White witnessed the death of a friend and \"got to wondering how a man feels when he dies\". His lyrics reflect his thoughts about his children and wife: `{{poemquote|I'm looking funny in my eyes, an' I b'lieve I'm fixin' to die (2×)
I know I was born to die, but I hate to leave my children cryin' ...
So many nights at the fireside, how my children's mother would cry (2×)
'Cause I ain't told their mother I had to say good-bye}}`{=mediawiki} White provides the vocal and acoustic slide guitar (which was borrowed from Big Bill Broonzy) with backing by Washboard Sam. Despite the somber lyrics, \"the music throbs with a restless energy\" with White\'s \"bottleneck guitar crying in urgent counterpoint to his imagery\". Music historian Ted Gioia notes that these recordings of White \"come as close to art song as traditional blues has ever dared to go, but without losing any of the essential qualities of the Delta heritage\". However, as with his other songs from the session, \"Fixin\' to Die Blues\" did not capture the record buying public\'s interest. As a result, White largely retired from performing music, until a resurgence of interest in the early 1960s and the American folk music revival.
### Resurgence and cover versions {#resurgence_and_cover_versions}
In 1959, White\'s recording was included on *The Country Blues*, an album compiled by Samuel Charters.
In 1961, folksinger Bob Dylan recorded \"Fixin\' to Die\" for his debut album, released the following year. The album liner notes indicate that it \"was learned from an old recording by Bukka White\". However, Dylan\'s arrangement uses a different melody line and some new lyrics. It is one of three blues songs on the album that deal with the theme of death. Dave Van Ronk (*Dave Van Ronk, Folksinger*) and Buffy Sainte-Marie (*Many a Mile*) are among Dylan\'s folk contemporaries who also recorded versions of the song.
Stretch recorded it for *You Can\'t Beat Your Brain For Entertainment* in 1976. Spacemen 3 adapted the lyrics for their song \"Amen\", alternatively titled \"Hey Man\" on the album *Sound of Confusion*. In 2002, Robert Plant recorded a version titled \"Funny In My Mind (I Believe I\'m Fixin\' To Die)\" for the *Dreamland* album. His former group, Led Zeppelin sometimes included it in live medleys with \"Whole Lotta Love\" (*Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions*). A live version by Chuck Ragan of Hot Water Music was included on *Los Feliz* in 2007. Valley Entertainment issued *Miss Blues\'es Child* in 2007, which included Eli Cook\'s version. In 2010, G. Love and The Avett Brothers recorded the song as the title track of *Fixin\' to Die.* Widespread Panic, accomp. on vocals by Col. Bruce Hampton, Ret., included a rendition on the band\'s 2012 double live album *Wood*
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| 0 |
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# Epsilon1 Arae
`| prop_mo_ra = +1.015`\
`| prop_mo_dec = +21.455`\
`| pm_footnote = `\
`| parallax = 8.8520`\
`| p_error = 0.1517`\
`| parallax_footnote = `\
`| absmag_v = −0.79{{±|0.16}}`
}} `{{Starbox detail
| source = <ref name=Jofré_et_al_2015/>
| mass = 1.63{{±|0.21}}`{=mediawiki}
`| radius = 29.52{{±|2.45}}`\
`| luminosity = 347{{±|90|71}}`\
`| temperature = 4,302{{±|45}}`\
`| metal_fe = −0.19{{±|0.06}}`\
`| gravity = 1.85{{±|0.07}}`\
`| rotational_velocity = 4.20{{±|0.45}}`\
`| age_gyr = 1.82{{±|0.60}}`
}} `{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | CPD=-52°10372 | FK5=632 | HD=152980 | HIP=83153 | HR=6295 | SAO=244331 | GC=22869 | PPM=345574 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = HR+6295
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox end}}`{=mediawiki}
**Epsilon^1^ Arae** is a star in the southern constellation Ara, the Altar. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ε^1^ Arae, and abbreviated Epsilon^1^ Ara or ε^1^ Ara. This star is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.1 Based upon an annual parallax shift of `{{val|8.85|ul=mas}}`{=mediawiki}, this star is approximately 368 ly distant from the Earth. It is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +24 km/s.
ε^1^ Arae is an evolved giant star with a stellar classification of K3 III. It is around 63% more massive than the Sun. At an age of about 1.8 billion years, the outer envelope of the star has expanded to almost 30 times the Sun\'s radius. It is radiating 347 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,302 K, giving it the orange-hued glow of a K-type star.
ε^1^ Arae was known as *龜一*(spelled as \"Guī yī\", meaning: \"the 1st (star) of **Guī**\") in traditional Chinese astronomy. Allen erroneously called it *Tso Kang* (*左更*). He probably confused the constellation \"Ara\" with \"Ari\", as *Tso Kang* is actually in Aries
| 298 |
Epsilon1 Arae
| 0 |
2,878,393 |
# Epsilon2 Arae
`| u-b = +0.015`\
`| variable = `
}} `{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = +4.9<ref name=aaass501_3_941/>
| prop_mo_ra = −22.409
| prop_mo_dec = −143.793
| pm_footnote = <ref name=Gaia_DR3/>
| parallax = 37.3696
| p_error = 0.1347
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=Gaia_DR3/>
| absmag_v = 3.27<ref name=apj354/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox orbit
| reference = <ref name=Tokovinin2017/>
| primary = ε<sup>2</sup> Ara Aa
| name = ε<sup>2</sup> Ara Ab
| period = 41.3
| axis = 0.589
| eccentricity = 0.622
| inclination = 133.8
| node = 73.6
| periastron = <!--(T) Periastron epoch-->
| periarg = <!--(ω) Argument of periastron (in degrees), secondary -->
| periarg_primary = <!--(ω) Argument of periastron (in degrees), primary -->
| k1 = <!-- Velocity semi-amplitude (SB1, or primary in SB2), in km/s -->
| k2 = <!-- Velocity semi-amplitude (secondary in SB2), in km/s -->
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox detail
| component1 = ε<sup>2</sup> Ara Aa
| mass = 1.40{{±|0.01|0.02}}`{=mediawiki}
`| radius = 1.8`\
`| luminosity = 4.56`\
`| temperature = 6,577`\
`| metal_fe = +0.02`\
`| gravity = 4.29`\
`| rotational_velocity= 45.4`\
`| age_gyr = 1.77{{±|0.29|0.26}}`\
`| component2 = ε`^`2`^` Ara C`\
`| mass2 = ``{{Val|0.66|0.07}}`{=mediawiki}\
`| radius2 = ``{{Val|0.0124|0.0003}}`{=mediawiki}\
`| temperature2= ``{{Val|15507|230|fmt=commas}}`{=mediawiki}\
`| gravity2 = ``{{Val|8.07|0.04}}`{=mediawiki}
}} `{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | CPD=−53°8316 | GJ=3985 | HD=153580 | HIP=83431 | HR=6314 | SAO=244388 | WDS=J17031-5314A | GC=22956 | PPM=345633 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = eps02+Ara
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox end}}`{=mediawiki} **Epsilon^2^ Arae** is a double star in the southern constellation of Ara. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ε^2^ Arae, and abbreviated Epsilon^2^ Ara or ε^2^ Ara. Based on parallax measurements, it is 89 ly distant from Earth. With a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.27, this system is faintly visible to the naked eye as a point of light.
The brighter star is a magnitude 5.44 F-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of `{{nowrap|F5 V Fe+0.5}}`{=mediawiki}. The Fe+0.5 notation indicates that it has a somewhat higher than normal abundance of iron. It has an estimated age of 1.8 billion years and a relatively high rate of rotation with a projected rotational velocity of 45 km/s. This star has 1.4 times the mass of the Sun and 1.8 times the Sun\'s radius. It is radiating 4.56 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 6,577 K. The metallicity of the star, a measure of the abundance of more massive elements, is similar to the Sun. It is a candidate pulsating star.
There is a magnitude 8.65 stellar companion, component Ab, at an angular separation of 0.590 arcseconds. The pair have an estimated orbital period of 41.3 years. A common proper motion white dwarf companion, WD 1659-53, lies at an angular separation of `{{val|113.76|u=arcsecond}}`{=mediawiki}. Designated component C, it is magnitude 13.47 with a classification of DA3.2
| 479 |
Epsilon2 Arae
| 0 |
2,878,399 |
# Nagai Naoyuki
, also known as `{{nihongo|'''Nagai Genba'''|永井 玄蕃|}}`{=mediawiki} or `{{nihongo|'''Nagai Mondonoshō'''|永井 主水正|}}`{=mediawiki}, was a Japanese hatamoto under the Tokugawa of Bakumatsu period Japan.
His great-great-grandchild was Yukio Mishima. Naoyuki\'s adopted son, Iwanojō Nagai, was the father of Natsu, who was Mishima\'s grandmother. Iwanojō\'s real father was Nagasumi Miyoshi (Miyoshi clan) who was a Tokugawa retainer.
## Early life {#early_life}
Nagai Naoyuki, or as he was first known, `{{Nihongo|'''Matsudaira Iwanojō'''|松平 岩之丞|}}`{=mediawiki}, was born in the Nukada district of the **Okutono Domain** by a concubine to *daimyō* `{{Nihongo|'''Matsudaira Noritada'''|松平 乗尹|}}`{=mediawiki}. Noritada, while head of a collateral branch of the Tokugawa clan, was not classified as *shinpan*, like the Matsudaira of Aizu, but was instead a *fudai* daimyo. Iwanojō, Noritada\'s second son, lost his father at the age of three. Subsequently, he was moved to Edo, to the Okutono domain\'s main residence in Azabu, where he was in the care of his adoptive brother, `{{Nihongo|'''Matsudaira Noriyoshi'''|松平 乗羨|}}`{=mediawiki}, before being adopted by 2000 *koku* Tokugawa *hatamoto* Nagai Naonori at the age of 25. Following his adoption he took the adult name of **Naoyuki** (also read \"**Naomune**\").
## Career
After completing a thorough education in literature, art, and military training, Nagai entered the ranks of the Tokugawa bureaucracy. He served from 1851 to 1852 as an instructor at the *Kitenkan*, a branch of the Shogunate\'s *Shoheizaka* academy, located in Kōfu, Kai Province. Shortly after the arrival of the Perry Expedition challenging Japan national isolation policy, Nagai was appointed as a *metsuke* and was placed in charge of casting new cannons for coastal defense.
In 1855, Nagai was transferred to the newly formed Nagasaki Naval Training Center, where he served as its director, overseeing a group of Dutch military advisors and students from various domains around Japan in studies of western warship technologies. Katsu Kaishū later credited Nagai for much of the training center\'s progress, as well as the construction of the Nagasaki Iron Works, and one of its training ships, the *Kottoru*. In 1857, with the opening of the Tsukiji Naval Training Center, Nagai returned to Edo on board the *Kankō Maru*, Japan\'s first steam warship, together with 103 of his students.
In December 1857, Nagai was appointed Kanjō-bugyō. In July 1858, Nagai (along with Iwase Tadanari) was appointed one of the first *Gaikoku bugyō* (Commissioner for Foreign Affairs). He served from August 1858 through March 1859., during which time the difficult negotiations for the Ansei Treaties took place with the United States, United Kingdom, Russia and France. In February 1859, he added *Gunkan-bugyō* to his list of titles. However, in August, following the death of Shōgun Tokugawa Iesada, Nagai was purged from office by the *Tairō* Ii Naosuke for his support of the Hitotsubashi faction over the Kishu faction for the shogunal succession.
After Ii\'s assassination, Nagai was recalled to public office and was appointed to serve as one of the city magistrates of Kyoto (*Kyoto Higashimachi-bugyō*) from August 1862 through March 1864. This was a difficult and violent period in Kyoto, with many daimyo establishing residences in Kyoto and maneuvering for political connections with various of the nobility. The city was filled with numerous *rōnin*, many of whom supported the *sonnō jōi* movement and who did not hesitate to use assassination or terrorist tactics to further their political agenda. During his tenure, the *Shinsengumi* became active in Kyoto.
Following his two-year stint in the capital, he was made *ōmetsuke* from March 1864 through May 1865. He served again as *Gaikoku bugyō* from November 1865 through April 1867. Nagai was promoted to the position of *wakadoshiyori-kaku* (aide to the junior counselors) from April 1867 through January 1868 and was in Kyoto on November 9, 1867 when Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu formally surrendered his office; thereafter, Nagai served as one of the *wakadoshiyori* from January to March 1868 when the Meiji Restoration signaled the end of the Tokugawa shogunate.
## Under the Ezo Republic {#under_the_ezo_republic}
Returning to Edo following the Battle of Toba--Fushimi, Nagai joined Enomoto Takeaki and the remnants of the Tokugawa navy, boarding the *Kaiten* and heading to Ezo by way of Matsushima, in Sendai Domain. In Hokkaido, Nagai was chosen to be one of the city magistrates of Hakodate by the new Ezo Republic. However, the Imperial Army soon began its attack on Hokkaido, and Nagai surrendered at the small fortress of Benten Daiba, along with the survivors of the *Shinsengumi*. He attempted to commit *seppuku*, but was stopped by those surrounding him.
| 742 |
Nagai Naoyuki
| 0 |
2,878,399 |
# Nagai Naoyuki
## Later life {#later_life}
After a period of three years in prison, he was pardoned by the Meiji government in January 1871, and again rose to positions of political prominence, serving most notably as the secretary to the *Genrōin* from July 1875 to October 1876. He died in July 1891.
One of his descendants, through his adopted son Iwanojō, was the famous author Yukio Mishima
| 68 |
Nagai Naoyuki
| 1 |
2,878,405 |
# 1985 SEA Games
The **1985 Southeast Asian Games** (*Kila haeng echeiy tawan oak cheing tai 1985*), officially known as the **13th Southeast Asian Games**, were a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Bangkok, Thailand from 8 to 17 December 1985.
This was the fourth time Thailand hosted the games and its first time since 1975. The country had previously hosted the 1959, 1967 and the 1975 editions, at the time when the games were then known as the Southeast Asian Peninsular (SEAP) Games. The games was opened and closed by Bhumibol Adulyadej, the King of Thailand at the Suphachalasai Stadium.
The final medal tally was led by hosts Thailand, followed by Indonesia and the Philippines. Several Games and National records were broken during the games. With little or no controversies at all, the games were deemed generally successful with the rising standard of competition amongst the Southeast Asian nations.
## Organization
### Development and preparation {#development_and_preparation}
The Bangkok SEA Games Organising Committee was formed to oversee the staging of the games.
### Venues
---------- ----------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
Province Competition venue Sports
Bangkok National Sport Complex
Suphachalasai Stadium Opening and Closing Ceremony, Athletics, Football
Nimibutr Gymnasium Boxing, Gymnastics
Chanthanayingyong Gymnasium Judo
Sport Authority of Thailand Sport Complex (Hua Mak)
Aquatics Centre Aquatics sport
Football Field Archery
Indoor Stadium Volleyball, Sepak takraw
Shooting Range Shooting
Sport Training Centre Table tennis
Tennis Court Tennis
Velodrome Cycling
Other
Bangkok Youth Center Sport Complex Basketball, Football
Chulalongkorn University Badminton
Kai Siew Treng Hall Weightlifting
Chonburi Pattaya Bay Sailing
Star Bowl Bowling
---------- ----------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------
## Marketing
### Logo
The logo of the 1985 SEA Games is the Grand Palace, one of the most popular tourist attractions in Thailand.
### Mascot
The official 1985 SEA Games mascot was a Siamese cat. The Siamese is one of the first distinctly recognised breeds of Oriental cat. It is called Wichien-maat (*วิเชียรมาศ*) in Thailand
| 315 |
1985 SEA Games
| 0 |
2,878,411 |
# Kumpula Campus
The **Kumpula Campus** (*Kumpulan kampus*, *Campus Gumtäkt*) is a science campus of the University of Helsinki. The campus is located some four kilometres from the centre of Helsinki, in the Kumpula district. Completed in 2005, it currently provides study and research facilities for about 6,000 students and 1,000 teachers/researchers.
## Departments of the Faculty of Science {#departments_of_the_faculty_of_science}
The University of Helsinki departments housed on the campus are:
- Department of Chemistry
- Department of Computer Science
- Department of Geosciences and Geography
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics
- Department of Physics
## Other institutions {#other_institutions}
A number of related or independent institutions are housed on the campus, e.g.:
- The Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN)
- The Finnish Museum of Natural History Dating Laboratory
- The Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP)
- The Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT)
- The Institute of Seismology
- The Luma Centre
- The Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
- Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS)
The **Kumpula Science Library** provides scientific library services for the campus.
## Buildings
The campus consists of the following buildings:
- **Chemicum** (Dept. of Chemistry; VERIFIN)
- **Physicum** (Depts. of Physics, Geography, and Geology; Science Library; Dating Lab.; HIP)
- **Exactum** (Depts. of Computer Science and Math & Statistics; I. of Seismology; HIIT)
- **Dynamicum** (FIMR, FMI, ICOS)
- Accelerator Laboratory
- Kumpula manor
- Sport Center
The Kumpula Botanical Garden is located adjacent to the campus
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# Mefjorden
**Mefjorden** or **Mefjord** is a small fjord in Sandefjord Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The 9 km long fjord lies in-between two long, narrow peninsulas: Vesterøya and Østerøya. It is a narrow fjord with many minor islands and islets.
## Tourism
There are many, many vacation homes on both sides of the fjord. Additionally, there is a large campground, *Strand Leirsted*, that is located on its east side. Several islands in the fjord are also home to vacation homes, including Grindholmen, Storholmen, and Brattholmen islands.
## History
The fjord was historically known as Midtfjorden (`{{lit|the middle fjord}}`{=mediawiki}). During the Viking Age, a royal lodge (*kongsseter*) was located at Gokstad at the innermost part of the fjord. It is also the fjord used when burying Olav Geirstadr-Alv and the Gokstad Ship in the 9th century
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| 0 |
2,878,421 |
# 1987 SEA Games
The **1987 Southeast Asian Games** (*Pesta Olahraga Asia Tenggara 1987*), officially known as the **14th Southeast Asian Games**, were a multi-sport event held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 9 to 20 September 1987 with 30 sports featured in the games.
This was Indonesia\'s second time to host the SEA Games, the first being in 1979. The games was opened and closed by President Suharto at the Gelora Senayan Stadium. The final medal tally was led by host Indonesia, followed by Thailand and the Philippines.
## The games {#the_games}
### Participating nations {#participating_nations}
-
-
-
- **(Host)**
-
-
-
-
### Sports
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
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### Medal table {#medal_table}
A total of 1142 medals, comprising 373 Gold medals, 371 Silver medals and 398 Bronze medals were awarded to athletes. The host Indonesia\'s performance was their best ever yet and emerged as overall champion of the games.
Key
## Broadcasting
In Indonesia, TVRI is known to be the broadcaster of the games, especially at football final
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| 0 |
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# List of schools in Pakistan
The following is a **list of schools in Pakistan**, categorized by province/territory and by district.
## Azad Jammu & Kashmir {#azad_jammu_kashmir}
### Mirpur
- Fauji Foundation Model School
- Roots School System
- Dar-e-Arqam Schools
- The City School
### Bhimber
- Army Public School and College
- Dar-e-Arqam Schools
- READ Foundation College
### Rawalakot
- Dar-e-Arqam Schools
- The Educators
## Gilgit--Baltistan
### Skardu
- Army Public School and College
- Cadet College
## Khyber Pakhtunkhwa {#khyber_pakhtunkhwa}
### Abbottabad
### Dera Ismail Khan {#dera_ismail_khan}
- Army Public School and College, D.I.Khan
- The City School, D.I.Khan
- The Educators, D.I.Khan
- Dar-e-Arqam School, D.I.Khan
- The City School
### Kohat
- Garrison Cadet College Kohat
### Mansehra
- Army Public School and College
- Dar-e-Arqam Schools
- Fauji Foundation
- Mansehra International Public School and College
- Government Post Graduate College, Mansehra
### Nowshera
- The City School, Nowshera Cantt
### Peshawar
- The City School, Peshawar Campus
- Pak-Turk Maarif International Schools & Colleges
- Presentation Convent School, Peshawar
- St. Mary\'s High School, Peshawar
### Swat
- Catholic Public High School, Sangota
- The City School, College Colony, Saidu Sharif
## Punjab
### Gujranwala
- St Joseph\'s English High School\'
### Lahore
- Sacred Heart High School for Boys
- Sacred Heart High School for Girls, Lahore
- St Francis High School, Lahore
- Lahore Grammar School
- Aitchison College
- Froebels
- Army Public School
- Roots Milleninum School
- Beaconhouse School System
- Divisional Public School
### Multan
- La Salle High School Multan
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- Lahore Grammar School
### Murree
- Presentation Convent High School, Murree
### Jhelum
- Presentation Convent School, Jhelum
- St. Thomas\' High School, Jhelum
### Rawalpindi
### Toba Tek Singh {#toba_tek_singh}
- St. Peter\'s High School, Pakistan
### Gujrat
- Govt High School Bhagwal
## Sindh
### Ghotki
- The Educators (a project of Beaconhouse School System)
### Hyderabad
### Karachi
### Nawabshah
- The City School, Senior Branch, Society
- People\'s School Program (a project of [SEF](https://beta.sef.org.pk))
- Foundation Public School (FPS Nwbh)
### Khairpur
- The City School
### Larkana
- The Educators (a project of Beaconhouse School System)
- SZABIST intermediate college, Sachal colony Larkana
### Sukkur
## Balochistan
### Quetta
- St Francis Grammar School
- St
| 392 |
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| 0 |
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# Brunel Museum
The **Brunel Museum** is a small museum situated at the **Brunel Engine House**, Rotherhithe, London Borough of Southwark. The Engine House was designed by Sir Marc Isambard Brunel as part of the infrastructure of the Thames Tunnel which opened in 1843 and was the first underwater tunnel to have been built anywhere in the world. It comprises the Engine House and the Tunnel Shaft, with rooftop garden. Isambard Kingdom Brunel worked with his father on the project from 1823 and was appointed Resident Engineer in January 1827 at the age of 20.
## Tunnel Shaft / Grand Entrance Hall {#tunnel_shaft_grand_entrance_hall}
The museum site includes the Tunnel Shaft which was the world\'s first caisson. A tower of brick 3 ft thick and 50 ft in diameter was built above ground to a height of 42 ft. It was then sunk under its own weight to a depth of 40 feet. The remaining 20 ft of shaft necessary to achieve the correct level for digging the tunnel was constructed by under-pinning. The tunnelling was done by miners standing within an iron shield (or ambulating cofferdam) designed and patented by Marc Isambard Brunel.
## Brunel Engine House {#brunel_engine_house}
The Engine House was designed by Sir Marc Isambard Brunel to be part of the infrastructure of the Thames Tunnel. It held steam-powered pumps used to extract water from the tunnel. It was originally used as a boiler house during the construction of the Thames Tunnel between 1825 and 1843.
Since 1961 the building has been used as a museum, displaying information on the construction of the tunnel and the other projects by Marc and Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The museum houses a model of the tunnelling shield as well as images and artefacts from when the tunnel was in use as a pedestrian thoroughfare between Rotherhithe and Wapping.
The chimney and engine house are Grade II Listed since 1974. Structural decay was prevented in 1975 by a charitable trust named \"Brunel Exhibition Rotherhithe\". The building was restored in 1979.
In 2006 the museum changed its name from Brunel Engine House to Brunel Museum and expanded its exhibition to include a new mural on the shaft showing the tunnel shield, and other works by the Brunels, such as models of famous Brunel bridges incorporated into bench seating.
In 2018, the museum raised more than £200,000, including a major grant from the National Heritage Memorial Fund, to buy an album including a collection of drawings of the Thames Tunnel, prepared or overseen by Marc Isambard Brunel (1769 --1849).
## Open House Weekend {#open_house_weekend}
The Brunel Museum takes part in the Open House Weekend event every year and, until the East London Line\'s temporary closure in 2007, took parties of people through the tunnel on the Underground trains as part of a guided tour of the tunnel.
They also host a variety of other events through the year, especially during school holidays. There are also walks/tours in person and online.
| 495 |
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| 0 |
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# Brunel Museum
## Refurbishments
The museum underwent major building works in 2007. This entailed relocating the Rennie flat V steam engine to the Chatham Historic Dockyard to create a larger exhibition space, a cafe and improved toilet facilities. With the closure of the East London Line in December 2007 for extensive upgrading, the museum hoped that the access shaft into the tunnel (originally built to be the grand entrance hall to the tunnel) could be capped with a concrete shelf at the bottom, above the level of the trains.
In 2011, the construction of concrete floor at the bottom of the shaft was completed, sealing the shaft space off the train tunnels below it. After the completion, occasional tours were given access to the space. One such tours was on 14 February 2011 (a Valentine\'s tour) with ad-hoc stairwell to access the shaft.
The roof of the shaft was refurbished in 2012 to create Roof Garden on top of it. Since 2012, The Midnight Apothecary has run a cocktail bar within the roof garden, serving seasonal botanical drinks.
The shaft was extensively refurbished in 2016, with a staircase added to improve access. The refurbishment was done to minimize the impacts to the shaft structure including its walls. Although two test bors confirmed that the walls were made with 1.4 m thick solid brick without any cavities, a specially designed freestanding staircase would not be attached to the shaft walls. The only allowed modification was to cut a new access door at the top of a wall. This careful construction preserved many of the remnants to show the shaft\'s history. A barred entrance passage at the top of the shaft once was used by a foreman to drag Isambard Kingdom Brunel out to save his life after a tunnel construction collapse that flooded the shaft. The scarred walls showed the locations of the original staircases when it was used as the Grand Entrance Hall. The soot from smoke coming off steam engine locomotives showed years of its use as a ventilation shaft. The shaft is now used for events as a performance space and it is part of the Brunel Museum exhibits.
<File:Thames> Tunnel Shaft.jpg\|Roof structure to support the rooftop garden <File:Thames> Tunnel Shaft interior.jpg\|The new access staircase <File:Thames> Tunnel Shaft old entrance passage.jpg\|Barred entrance passage <File:Thames> Tunnel Shaft original staircase and locomotive soot.jpg\|Remnants of original staircase and locomotive soot
## The Brunel Museum Reinvented project {#the_brunel_museum_reinvented_project}
In 2019, the museum received development funding from the Heritage Fund and other funders to transform their offer. If the next stage of the application is successful, this project will conserve the historic building, improve visitor facilities and provide a home for the recently acquired collection of Marc Brunel\'s Thames Tunnel watercolour designs. They will also be able to offer a wider range of events and activities for people. As of September 2020 this project is at the community consultation stage
| 488 |
Brunel Museum
| 1 |
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# N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide
***N*-Methylmorpholine *N*-oxide** (more correctly 4-methylmorpholine 4-oxide), **NMO** or **NMMO** is an organic compound. This heterocyclic amine oxide and morpholine derivative is used in organic chemistry as a co-oxidant and sacrificial catalyst in oxidation reactions for instance in osmium tetroxide oxidations and the Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation or oxidations with TPAP. NMO is commercially supplied both as a monohydrate C~5~H~11~NO~2~·H~2~O and as the anhydrous compound. The monohydrate is used as a solvent for cellulose in the lyocell process to produce cellulose fibers.
## Uses
### Solvent of cellulose {#solvent_of_cellulose}
NMMO monohydrate is used as a solvent in the lyocell process to produce lyocell fiber. It dissolves cellulose to form a solution called dope, and the cellulose is reprecipitated in a water bath to produce a fiber. The process is similar but not analogous to the viscose process. In the viscose process, cellulose is made soluble by conversion to its xanthate derivatives. With NMMO, cellulose is not derivatized but dissolves to give a homogeneous polymer solution. The resulting fiber is similar to viscose; this was observed, for example, for Valonia cellulose microfibrils. Dilution with water causes the cellulose to reprecipitate, i.e. the solvation of cellulose with NMMO is a water sensitive process.
Cellulose remains insoluble in most solvents because it has a strong and highly structured intermolecular hydrogen bonding network, which resists common solvents. NMMO breaks the hydrogen bonding network that keeps cellulose insoluble in water and other solvents. Similar solubility has been obtained in a few solvents, particularly a mix of lithium chloride in dimethyl acetamide and some hydrophilic ionic liquids.
### Dissolution of scleroproteins {#dissolution_of_scleroproteins}
Another use of NMMO is in the dissolution of scleroprotein (found in animal tissue). This dissolution occurs in the crystal areas which are more homogeneous and contain glycine and alanine residues with a small number of other residues. How NMMO dissolves these proteins is scarcely studied. Other studies, however, have been done in similar amide systems (i.e. hexapeptide). The hydrogen bonds of the amides can be broken by NMMO.
## Oxidant
NMO, as an N-oxide, is an oxidant in the Upjohn dihydroxylation. It is generally used in stoichiometric amounts as a secondary oxidant (a cooxidant) to regenerate a primary (catalytic) oxidant after the latter has been reduced by the substrate. Vicinal syn-dihydroxylation reactions for example, would, in theory, require stoichiometric amounts of toxic, volatile and expensive osmium tetroxide, but if continuously regenerated with NMO, the amount required can be reduced to catalytic quantities
| 410 |
N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide
| 0 |
2,878,432 |
# Sigma Arae
`| prop_mo_ra = −25.046`\
`| prop_mo_dec = −38.30`\
`| pm_footnote = `\
`| parallax = 8.5285`\
`| p_error = 0.1394`\
`| parallax_footnote = `\
`| absmag_v = 1.40`
}} `{{Starbox detail
| mass = 2.56{{±|0.35}}`{=mediawiki}
`| radius = 4.90{{±|0.22}}`\
`| luminosity = 215{{±|22}}`\
`| luminosity_bolometric = `\
`| temperature = 9,986{{±|206}}`\
`| metal_fe = `\
`| gravity = 3.47{{±|0.07}}`\
`| rotational_velocity = `\
`| age_myr = `
}} `{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | B=σ Arae | CD=−46 11661 | HD=159217 | HIP=86092 | HR=6537 | SAO=228162 | GC=23815 | PPM=323154 | TIC=16245795 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=sig+Ara
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox end}}`{=mediawiki} **Sigma Arae** is a star in the southern constellation of Ara. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from σ Arae, and abbreviated Sigma Ara or σ Ara. This star is visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.575. The distance to this star, based upon an annual parallax shift of `{{val|8.53|ul=mas}}`{=mediawiki}, is approximately 382 ly. It is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −9 km/s.
This is an A-type main sequence star with a stellar classification of A0 V. It has 2.6 times the mass of the Sun and 4.9 times the Sun\'s radius. The star is radiating 215 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,986 K. Unusually for an A-type star, X-ray emissions with a luminosity of `{{val|4.6|e=29|u=erg s<sup>−1</sup>}}`{=mediawiki} have been detected from Sigma Arae. Normally this is explained by the presence of a lower mass orbiting companion star. However, such a scenario does not appear to hold true for this star. Instead, the signature of a surface magnetic field has been detected with a strength of roughly `{{val|128|73|ul=Gauss}}`{=mediawiki}, indicating the source of the X-rays may be surface magnetic activity
| 307 |
Sigma Arae
| 0 |
2,878,435 |
# David J. Hanson
**David Justin Hanson** (born 1941) is Professor Emeritus of Sociology at the State University of New York in Potsdam, New York. He has researched the subject of alcohol and drinking for over 30 years, beginning with his PhD dissertation investigation, and has written widely on the subject.
Professor Hanson investigates the effects of moderate alcohol consumption on health. He has amassed a large, robust body of evidence that shows the benefits of moderate drinking. Hanson is a critic of many groups that advocate the reduction of alcohol use as the solution to alcohol problems in society; he describes these groups as "neo-prohibitionist."
Hanson criticizes what he calls the \"temperance mentality\" of many groups and claims that \"their tactic is to establish cultural rather than strictly legal prohibition by making alcohol beverages less socially acceptable and marginalizing those who drink, no matter how moderately.\"
A critic of the 21-year age limit on legal drinking in the United States, he supports the acceptance of drinking learner permits for adults under the age of 21, analogous to driving learner permits.
Hanson has published books and over 300 other publications on alcohol and maintains three websites on the subject, none of which receives any support from the alcohol industry. His research and opinions have been reported in the *New York Times* and other newspapers; he has been quoted in *Family Circle*, *Health* magazine, *Parade* and other popular publications; and textbooks in 15 fields of study report his research.
## Select publications {#select_publications}
- Congressional Temperance Society. In: Martin, S.C., et al. Alcohol: Social, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Reference Books, 2015.
- Binge Drinking. In: Hanson, G.R., et al. Drugs & Society. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett, 13th ed., 2014.
- Historical Evolution of Alcohol Consumption in Society. In: Boyle, P., et al. (eds.) Alcohol: Science, Policy and Public Health. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2013
- Education on Drinking Responsibly Must Replace Neo-Prohibitionism. In: Kesbye, S. (ed.) Should the Legal Drinking Age be Lowered? Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2013.
- The Effects of Substances on Driving. In: Miller, P. (ed). Principles of Addiction, Vol. 1. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier Academic Press, 2012.
- Living with Drugs. In: Wilson, H.T. (ed). Drugs, Society, and Behavior. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 27th ed., 2012.
- Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). In: Barnett, G. (ed). Encyclopedia of Social Networks. London, England: Sage, 2011.
- Responses to Arguments Against the Minimum Drinking Age. In: Channell, C. and Crusius, A. (eds). Engaging Questions: A Guide to Writing. NY: McGraw-Hill, 2011.
- Thinking Like a Researcher. In: Korgen, K., et al. (eds.) Sociologists in Action, Social Change, and Social Justice. Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2011.
- History of Alcohol and Drinking around the World. In: Wilson, H. (ed). Drugs, Society and Behavior, 25th ed. NY: McGraw-Hill, 2010.
- The Extent of Teen Drinking is Exaggerated. In: Roleff, T. (ed). Alcoholism. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2010.
- Alcohol Advertising. In: Esposito, R. (ed). Mass Media. Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press, 2010.
- DWI Courts: Effectively Addressing Drunk Driving. In: Higgins, P. and MacKinem, M. (eds). Problem-Solving Courts: Justice for the Twenty-First Century. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 2009.
- Repeal of Prohibition in the U.S. In: Engdahl, S. (ed). Constitutional Amendments: Amendments XVIII and XXI - Prohibition and Repeal. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Publishing, 2009
| 558 |
David J. Hanson
| 0 |
2,878,441 |
# Craig Wishart
**Craig Brian Wishart** (born 9 January 1974) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer, who played Tests and ODIs for 10 years. He played domestic cricket for Mashonaland and Midlands as well as the Zimbabwean national team.
He was later self-employed in Zimbabwe and played social cricket there.
## International career {#international_career}
Wishart made his Test debut in 1995 in Harare. He has a Test record batting score of 114, with a 22.40 batting average, and a one-day record batting score of 172 not out, achieved against Namibia in the 2003 Cricket World Cup, the sixth highest in World Cup history and the highest scored by a Zimbabwean player in ODIs.
Wishart retired in 2005, citing \"stress from the problems in local cricket\", and was one of many senior internationals to announce their retirements in protest against the local governing body\'s controversial decisions during the early 2000s
| 148 |
Craig Wishart
| 0 |
2,878,450 |
# Johann Leonhard Rost
**Johann Leonhard Rost** (12 February 1688 -- 22 March 1727) was a German astronomer and author from Nuremberg. He wrote under the alias **Meletaon**.
The crater Rost on the Moon is named after him.
His brother Johannes Carolus Rost was a famous doctor from Nuremberg, he is mostly known to be the personal doctor of Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg
| 64 |
Johann Leonhard Rost
| 0 |
2,878,465 |
# The Inspiration of Saint Matthew
***The Inspiration of Saint Matthew*** (1602) is a painting by the Italian Baroque master Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. Commissioned by the French Cardinal Matteo Contarelli, the canvas hangs in Contarelli chapel altar in the church of the French congregation San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome, Italy.
It is one of three Caravaggio canvases in the chapel: hanging between the larger earlier canvases of *The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew*, and *The Calling of Saint Matthew*. This was not an easy commission for Caravaggio, and at least two of the three paintings had to be either replaced or repainted to satisfy his patron, the Cardinal Del Monte.
## Creation
In February 1602, following the installation of his first two pieces in the chapel, Caravaggio was contracted to create an altarpiece, to be delivered by Pentecost of that year. The first painting he created, *Saint Matthew and the Angel,* was rejected and later destroyed in World War II.
*The Inspiration of Saint Matthew* was finished rather quickly, with Caravaggio receiving payment by September 1602.
## Description
In the work featured on the altar, the angel belongs to an aerial and sublime dimension, enveloped in an encircling rippled sheet. The restless Matthew leans to work, as the angel enumerates for him the work to come. All is darkness but for the two large figures. Matthew appears to have rushed to his desk, his stool teetering into our space. His expression is sober
| 244 |
The Inspiration of Saint Matthew
| 0 |
2,878,472 |
# SoftRAM
**SoftRAM** and **SoftRAM95** were system software products released by Syncronys Softcorp in the mid-1990s that claimed to increase or even double the available random-access memory in Microsoft Windows without the need for a hardware upgrade, which is possible using memory compression. However, it was later alleged the SoftRAM95 program utilized only a stub compression function that was incomplete.
In July 1996, Syncronys Softcorp agreed to settle charges by the Federal Trade Commission that the company \"misrepresented and/or failed to substantiate the performance\" of the products, although the agreement stipulated it \"did not constitute an admission of a law violation.\" As part of the settlement, Syncronys Softcorp offered \$10 rebates for affected consumers. The majority shareholders of the company in 1996 included its founding CEO, Daniel Taylor (30%), subsequent CEO, Rainer Poertner (14%), and Vice President of Technology Wendell Brown (7%).
In a 1996 interview with Mc magazine, the CEO of Syncronys Softcorp, Rainer Poertner, took responsibility for forcing the software\'s release despite engineering team objections that the product\'s development was not yet complete.
In 2006, the product was rated the third \"Worst Tech Product of All Time\" by *PC World* behind AOL and RealPlayer (1999 version). Around 100,000 copies of SoftRAM and 600,000 copies of SoftRAM95 were sold overall.
## Versions
### SoftRAM
SoftRAM was designed for use with Windows 3.1. It was launched in March 1995 and sold more than 100,000 copies.
Most out-of-memory errors in Windows 3.x were caused by the first megabyte of memory in a computer, the conventional memory, becoming full. Windows needed to allocate a Program Segment Prefix (PSP) in this area of memory for each program started. Some utilities prevented DLLs from allocating memory here, leaving more space for user programs. This was a standard technique also used by other memory optimization tools. SoftRAM also claimed to increase the amount of virtual memory available by compressing the pages of virtual memory stored in the swap file on the hard disk, which has the added effect of reducing the number of swap file reads and writes. The software also increased the size of the Windows page file, something achievable by users who are aware of how to change relevant system settings, without the cost of additional software.
| 374 |
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| 0 |
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# SoftRAM
## Versions
### SoftRAM95
SoftRAM95 was designed for Windows 95 and was released in August 1995, selling more than 600,000 units. Its list price was USD \$30.
When Windows 95 was launched, it was widely reported that software for the operating system would be \"memory hungry,\" requiring at least 4 megabytes of memory and preferably 8 megabytes. Syncronys positioned SoftRAM95 as a cheaper alternative to buying more memory for those users who would otherwise be unable to run Windows 95.
## FTC investigation {#ftc_investigation}
In December 1995, the German computing magazine *c\'t* disassembled the program and reported it didn\'t do what was claimed in advertisements. Instead, data reportedly passed through the VxD unaltered with no compression, and the actual drivers were slightly modified versions of sample code from Microsoft\'s \"Windows Development Kit\". Still, the program purported to increase system resources by silently increasing the size of the swap file on Windows 3.1 and misrepresenting the current state of the system, leading the magazine to rate it as \"placebo software.\" It was also reportedly compiled with the debug flag on, so it ran slower than the original driver from Microsoft. Another test by *PC Magazine* revealed SoftRAM95 took the same amount of time to move through systems that contained varying amounts of RAM. A later analysis by *Dr. Dobb\'s Journal* concluded the same.
The Federal Trade Commission began an investigation in late 1995, ultimately asserting that Syncronys\' claims about SoftRAM95 were \"false and misleading\" and that \"SoftRAM95 does not increase RAM in a computer using Windows 95; nor does the product enhance the speed, capacity, or other performance measures of a computer using Windows 95\". This prompted the company to recall SoftRAM95 from the market in December 1995. Several individual customers filed suit against the company as well. When Syncronys settled with the FTC in July 1996, it agreed to offer a US\$10 rebate to customers who requested it.
## Bankruptcy
Syncronys filed for bankruptcy in July 1998 with \$4.5 million of debt after releasing a dozen other poorly received tools. The company\'s final release, *UpgradeAID 98*, claimed to allow users to downgrade from Windows 98 to Windows 95, duplicating an existing feature of Windows 98 for \$39.95 (equivalent to \$`{{Inflation|US|39.95|1998}}`{=mediawiki} in `{{year}}`{=mediawiki} dollars). A large number of its creditors were customers who had not received their rebates for SoftRAM.
Syncronys replaced its board and leadership and operated under Chapter 7 bankruptcy until 2002. In 2006, the SEC revoked its securities and placed Syncronys in default for failing to file any financial reports since their 1998 Chapter 11 bankruptcy event
| 431 |
SoftRAM
| 1 |
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# Kappa Arae
`| constell = ``Ara`
}} `{{Starbox character
| type = Giant<ref name=Stassun_et_al_2019/>
| class = G8 III<ref name=houk1978/>
| r-i =
| v-r =
| b-v = +1.03{{±|0.01}}`{=mediawiki}
`| u-b = `\
`| variable = `
}} `{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = +17.8{{±|0.1}}`{=mediawiki}
`| prop_mo_ra = +13.004`\
`| prop_mo_dec = +7.554`\
`| pm_footnote = `\
`| parallax = 7.5862`\
`| p_error = 0.0741`\
`| parallax_footnote = `\
`| absmag_v = −0.49{{±|0.06}}`
}} `{{Starbox detail
| source = <ref name=Ottoni_et_al_2022/>
| mass = 3.23{{±|0.24}}`{=mediawiki}
`| radius = 18.22{{±|0.60}}`\
`| luminosity = 166.1{{±|8.9}}`\
`| temperature = 4,855{{±|48}}`\
`| metal_fe = −0.058{{±|0.037}}`\
`| gravity = 2.56{{±|0.15}}`\
`| rotational_velocity = 1.0`\
`| age_myr = `
}} `{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | B=κ Ara, κ Arae | CD=−50°11269 | HD=157457 | HIP=85312 | HR=6468 | SAO=244734 | WDS=J17260-5038A | GC=23552 | PPM=244734 | TIC=214455108 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=kap+Ara
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox end}}`{=mediawiki}
**Kappa Arae** is a single star in the southern constellation of Ara. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from κ Arae, and abbreviated Kappa Ara or κ Ara. With an apparent visual magnitude of 5.20, this star is faintly visible to the naked eye. Based upon parallax measurements, it is approximately 430 ly distant from Earth, give or take a 4 light-year margin of error. It is receding from the Sun with a radial velocity of +17.8 km/s.
This is a giant star with a stellar classification of G8 III, having exhausted the hydrogen at its core and evolved away from the main sequence. With 3.2 times the mass of the Sun, its outer envelope has expanded to about 18 times the Sun\'s radius. It is radiating 166 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 4,855 K. This is hot enough for it to shine with the golden-hued glow of a G-type star. It is a source for coronal X-ray emission and has been reported as a mild barium star, although the latter is questionable.
Kappa Arae has two 14th magnitude optical companions that are at an angular distance of 25 and 30 arcseconds
| 357 |
Kappa Arae
| 0 |
2,878,483 |
# 1989 SEA Games
The **1989 Southeast Asian Games** (*Sukan Asia Tenggara 1989*), officially known as the **15th Southeast Asian Games**, were a multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from 20 to 31 August 1989 with 25 sports featured in the games. It was officially opened by 9th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Sultan Azlan Shah. Although Cambodia did not participate, Laos returned to compete for the first time under the new federation name in this edition of the games, while Vietnam fields their own delegation to the event for the first time as a unified country.
The closing ceremony of this regional meet coincides with the 32nd anniversary of Malaysia\'s independence. This was the fourth time that Malaysia played as hosts to these games, the country had previously hosted the event in 1965 and 1971, when the event was still known as the Southeast Asian Peninsular (SEAP) Games at those times, and in 1977, in which this edition was the first to bear the games\' present name, which reflects the admission of Brunei, Indonesia, and the Philippines to the Southeast Asian Games during that year.
The games was opened and closed by Sultan Azlan Shah, the King of Malaysia at the Stadium Merdeka. The final medal tally was led by Indonesia, followed by host Malaysia and Thailand.
## Venues
- Stadium Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur - Opening/Closing ceremony, Athletics, Football (final)
- Stadium Negara - Basketball, Badminton
- Cheras Aquatic Centre - Swimming
- Cheras stadium - Football
- Veledrome Rakyat - Cycling (track)
- Subang Shooting Range - Shooting
- BSN Stadium, Bangi - Football
- Kent Bowl, Asiajaya, Petaling Jaya - Bowling
## Marketing
### Sponsors
- Panasonic
- Coca-Cola
- IBM Mesiniaga
- Magnum Corporation
- Milo
- Malaysia Airlines
- Fujifilm
- Asics
- Seiko
- Genting Group
- Telekom Malaysia
- Aliph
- Sports Toto
### Mascot
The official 1989 SEA Games mascot was an anthropomorphic turtle named *Johan*.
### Logo
The logo for the Games features 6 elliptical rings alternately colored red and blue to form a shape that resembles a spinning top, or locally called *gasing*.
### Songs
\"Reach for the sky\" (\"Kini Saatnya\" in Malay) was the official theme song of the 1989 Southeast Asian Games. It was sung in English by Francissca Peter and in Malay by Jay Jay.
## The games {#the_games}
### Participating nations {#participating_nations}
-
-
-
- *(Host)*
-
-
-
-
-
### Sports
- Aquatics
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
## Medal table {#medal_table}
A total of 957 medals, comprising 303 Gold medals, 302 Silver medals and 352 Bronze medals were awarded to athletes. The host Malaysia\'s performance was their best ever yet in Southeast Asian Games History and were placed only second to Indonesia as overall champion
| 484 |
1989 SEA Games
| 0 |
2,878,528 |
# Iota Arae
`| prop_mo_ra = −6.209`\
`| prop_mo_dec = −17.699`\
`| pm_footnote = `\
`| parallax = 3.5613`\
`| p_error = 0.0904`\
`| parallax_footnote = `\
`| absmag_v = −2.06`
}} `{{Starbox orbit
| reference = <ref name=wang/>
| period_unitless = 176.17{{±|0.04|u=days}}`{=mediawiki}
`| periastron = ``{{val|2458654.2|0.5|ul=HJD|fmt=none}}`{=mediawiki}\
`| k1 = 5.80{{±|0.06}}`\
`| k2 = 57.6{{±|0.6}}`\
`| inclination = 46{{±|6}}`
}} `{{Starbox detail
| component1 = ι Ara A
| mass = {{val|8.3|0.4}}<ref name=mnras410_1_190/>
| radius = 6.3<ref name=dr3/>
| luminosity = 10,864<ref name=zorec2016/>
| temperature = 20,172<ref name=dr3/>
| metal_fe =
| gravity = 4.18<ref name=zorec2016/>
| rotational_velocity = 340<ref name=zorec2016/>
| age_myr = {{val|30.0|7.4}}<ref name=mnras410_1_190/>
| component2 = ι Ara B
| mass2 = {{val|1.06|0.29}}<ref name=wang/>
| temperature2 = 33,800<ref name=wang2021/>
| radius2 = {{val|0.61|0.09}}<ref name=wang2021/>
| luminosity2 = 437<!-- log(L) = 2.64 --><ref name=wang2021/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | B=ι Ara | CD=−47°11484 | FK5=3379 | HD=157042 | HIP=85079 | HR=6451 | NSV=8566 | SAO=227886 | GC=23470 | PPM=322888 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = iot+Ara
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox end}}`{=mediawiki}
**Iota Arae** is a binary star system in the southern constellation of Ara. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ι Arae, and abbreviated Iota Ara or ι Ara. The system has a combined apparent visual magnitude of 5.2. Based upon the Bortle Dark-Sky Scale, this means it is visible to the naked eye from suburban skies. Parallax measurements yield a distance estimate of 281 pc, give or take a 20 light-year margin of error. It is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of around −19 km/s.
The primary component is an evolved subgiant star with a stellar classification of B2 IVe. The \'e\' notation indicates the spectrum displays emission lines, which means this is a Be star that is surrounded by hot, circumstellar gas. It is spinning rapidly with a projected rotational velocity of `{{val|340|u=km/s}}`{=mediawiki}. The Doppler effect from this rotation is causing the absorption lines to widen and become nebulous.
Iota Arae has around 8.3 times the mass of the Sun and is shining brightly with 10,864 times the Sun\'s luminosity. This energy is being radiated into space from the outer atmosphere at an effective temperature of `{{val|fmt=commas|20,172|ul=K}}`{=mediawiki}, giving it the characteristic blue-white hue of a B-type star. The General Catalog of Variable Stars classifies it as a BE variable star, ranging from visual magnitude 5.18 to 5.26 with a period of 13.36 hours. In a study of the *Hipparcos* data, it was found to vary in brightness by 0.054 in magnitude with no clear period.
This is a spectroscopic binary system with an orbital period of 176 days. The companion is a subdwarf O star with a mass similar to the Sun but only 61% of the Sun\'s radius
| 464 |
Iota Arae
| 0 |
2,878,531 |
# 1991 SEA Games
The **1991 Southeast Asian Games**, officially known as the **16th Southeast Asian Games**, were a multi-sport event held in Manila, the Philippines, from 24 November to 5 December 1991, with 28 sports featured in the games. This was the second time that the country hosted the games and its first since 1981. It was officially opened by President Corazon Aquino at the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila through a colorful opening ceremony. It was the only SEA Games at that time where the overall championship was heavily contested. The deciding medal came from the last sporting event - women\'s marathon where Indonesia got the gold medal.
Four sports (archery, canoeing, sailing, and triathlon) were held in venues in Subic Bay.
Fourteen years after the 1991 SEA Games, the country hosted the 2005 SEA Games. Another 14 years later, the Philippines hosted the 2019 SEA Games, which is the first that the event took place in the whole country.
The logo of 1991 Southeast Asian Games was designed by Ernesto A. Calaguas. The mascot for the Games is a colorful fowl called Kiko Labuyo.
## The games {#the_games}
### Participating nations {#participating_nations}
-
-
-
-
-
- **(Host)**
-
-
-
### Sports
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
## Medal table {#medal_table}
Key
## Concerns and controversies {#concerns_and_controversies}
Reduction of gold medals
The Philippines should have tallied a total of 91 gold medals, but one of the gold medals from boxing was proclaimed unofficial. The said gold medal should have been fought by a Filipino boxer against a Thai boxer, but the latter was found positive in the doping tests. The gold medal was, at first, given to the Philippines, but after a few days, the SEAG Organizing Committee declared that there will be no gold and silver medalists for the said event in boxing because there was no battle fought
| 338 |
1991 SEA Games
| 0 |
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# Pi Arae
**Pi Arae** is a star in the southern constellation of Ara. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from π Arae, and abbreviated Pi Ara or π Ara. This star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of +5.25. Based upon an annual parallax shift of 24.38 mas as seen from Earth, it is located 134 ly from the Sun. It is moving closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −2 km/s.
The stellar classification of this star is A5 IV-V, indicating the spectrum displays the hybrid features of both a main sequence and a more evolved subgiant star. Pi Arae is an estimated 319 million years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 54.1 km/s. The star has 1.73 times the mass of the Sun and 1.90 times the Sun\'s radius. It is radiating 13.3 times the Sun\'s luminosity from its photosphere at an effective temperature of about 8,215 K.
Pi Arae displays an excess emission of infrared radiation, which may be explained by circumstellar dust. The thermal emission matches a two component model, consisting of an inner disk of warm crystalline silicate dust and an outer colder disk of dirty ice. The inner disk has a temperature of 173 K and is orbiting roughly 9.1 AU from the host star. The outer disk is 77 K and orbits at a distance of about 117.3 AU. The small size of some of the dust grains indicate the inner disk may have formed relatively recently from collisions between orbiting planetesimals.
Located 55 arc minutes to the north of Pi Arae is the globular cluster NGC 6397
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# Dig Dug: Digging Strike
is a 2005 maze video game developed and published by Namco for the Nintendo DS. In Europe, the game was published by Atari Europe. It is the fifth entry in the *Dig Dug* video game series, and the second to be made for a handheld, following New Dig Dug. The game follows series protagonist Taizo Hori, bitter about his son Susumu getting more attention than him---after a chain of tropical islands is threatened by monsters, Taizo sets out to defeat them and reclaim his fame. Gameplay combines mechanics established in the original *Dig Dug* and its sequel *Dig Dug II*, centered around sinking a large \"boss\" character into the ocean by digging under large stakes in the ground.
Development of the game was outsourced to independent Japanese studio Bullets, who worked on the *Hero Bank* series for Sega, and designed by both Yuta Hamaka and Truyuki Shirakawa. It was one of six games published by both Namco Bandai and Atari as part of an exclusive publishing deal in Europe. *Digging Strike* was met with mixed reviews upon release---critics disliked the game\'s short length and lack of both replay value and long-lasting appeal, although would praise its usage of collectibles and references to other Namco arcade games. Some also praised its gameplay for combining elements found in the first two entries.
## Gameplay
*Dig Dug: Digging Strike* is a maze video game that combines elements from the first two games in the series; *Dig Dug* (1982) and *Dig Dug II* (1985). Its plot follows series protagonist Taizo Hori, bitter about his son Susumu getting the attention more than him. After a chain of tropical islands is threatened by monsters, Taizo sets out to defeat them and reclaim his fame. Controlling Taizo Hori, the player must complete each of the game\'s fifteen stages by sinking a large boss character, displayed on the top screen, into the ocean---this is accomplished by digging underneath large stakes placed underground; lining up stakes will create massive fault lines that will cause a section of the island to break off and sink underwater. Taizo starts each stage on the island, and can travel underground by entering large holes placed around the stage.
While underground, Taizo will need to fend off different types of enemies. Alongside the return of Pookas and Fygars from the original *Dig Dug*, new enemy types have also been introduced, such as ghosts that phase through dirt, penguins and miniature octopuses. Enemies can be defeated by pumping them up full of air until they pop, or by having them collide with obstacles, such as falling rocks, lava pockets and quicksand. Placed throughout the underground sections are items that can help Taizo progress---these include large magnets, time-stopping clocks, and boxing gloves that can be shot at enemies. The player can also collect fossils throughout the game, which when all are found will unlock a special bonus stage.
Some power-ups will summon Susumu that will either automatically force a stake into a ground via a weight being dropped on them, or temporarily stun the boss character. Unlike other items, a minigame will need to be completed for the intended effect to occur, where the player takes control of Susumu and must perform certain tasks---some of these are based on other Namco video games, including *Xevious* and *Rally-X*. Some stages will contain parts that can be used to construct more powerful weapons when collected, such as a faster drill. Food can also be found underground, which can be collected by enemies and brought up to the boss to transform it into a more powerful version of itself.
## Development and release {#development_and_release}
Development of *Dig Dug: Digging Strike* was outsourced to external studio Bullets, which has worked on titles such as the *Hero Bank* series for Sega and *Mega Man Legacy Collection 2* for Capcom. Designed by Yuta Hamaka and Teruyuki Shirakawa, *Digging Strike*{{\'}}s concept was borrowed from the unreleased *Dig Dug 3*, an arcade game in development at Namco in the late 1990s that was later reworked into the original *Mr. Driller* (1999). The game was part of Namco\'s continuing attempt in making its *Dig Dug* and *Mr. Driller* series part of the company\'s pillar franchises, an idea hampered by financial constraints and a general lack of interest. *Famitsu* revealed the game\'s development in June 2005, being reportedly 80% complete. Namco published the game in Japan on September 8 and in North America on October 19. *Digging Strike* was released in Europe on August 25, 2006 and was part of a six game licensing partnership between the newly-formed Namco Bandai Games and Atari Europe.
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# Dig Dug: Digging Strike
## Reception
*Dig Dug Digging Strike* received mixed reviews upon release---common criticisms were towards its short length and lack of long-lasting appeal. It holds a 65/100 on aggregator website Metacritic.
*IGN* said that the game was only fun for a few minutes, feeling it was not as creative as Namco\'s other DS remakes such as *Pac-Pix* and *Pac \'N Roll*, only recommending the game to die-hard fans of the original. Similar responses were echoed by *GameSpot* and *GameSpy*, with *GameSpot* in particular criticizing it for straying too far from its source material. *Nintendo World Report* was the most critical, saying the game itself is disappointing compared to the first two *Dig Dug* games and makes the player \"wish you were playing those instead\", disliking its short length and lack of content. *IGN* was also critical towards the game\'s \"sloppy\" presentation and \"bland\" in-game cutscenes, as well as the game\'s multiplayer requiring two game cartridges to play. *Nintendo World Report* criticized its control layout for being difficult to use, while *GameSpot* disliked the game\'s lack of touch-screen features.
Despite its criticisms, reviewers praised the game\'s mixture of the first two *Dig Dug* games, collectibles and references to other Namco games. *Nintendo World Report* said its usage of gameplay from earlier *Dig Dug* games was an interesting concept, which *IGN*, *GameSpy* and *1UP.com* agreed with. *1UP* in particular was the most positive towards the game, praising its \"addictive\" gameplay, enemy variety and its usage of concepts from other *Dig Dug* games, saying that it helps \"celebrate\" the legacy of the series. *IGN*, *GameSpot* and *GameSpy* all liked the game\'s usage of callbacks to other Namco video games and large amount of collectible items. While *IGN* said the game\'s graphics were unappealing to look at, *GameSpy* contested this, praising its cartoony art style and anime-style cutscenes. *Famitsu* awarded the game the \"Silver Hall of Fame\" badge
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# Helsinki Institute of Physics
**The Helsinki Institute of Physics** (**HIP**, *Fysiikan tutkimuslaitos*, *Forskningsinstitutet för fysik*) is a physics research institute operated jointly by University of Helsinki, Aalto University, University of Jyväskylä, Lappeenranta University of Technology and Tampere University of Technology. The operations of the institute began on September 1, 1996. The foundation of the institute was provided by the three previous Helsinki-based institutes: SEFT, TFT (University of Helsinki) and HTI (Helsinki University of Technology), which were merged into the new organization. The current director of the institute since 2017 has been prof. Katri Huitu. The institute is responsible for the Finnish research collaboration with CERN and Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe GmbH (FAIR)
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# Opisthacanthus rugiceps
***Opisthacanthus rugiceps*** is a species of African scorpion.
## Distribution
*Opisthacanthus rugiceps* is found in East Africa, and extends further than 15° south only in Malawi.
## Systematics
*Opisthacanthus rugiceps* belongs to the \"*asper* group\" in the subgenus *Nepabellus* of the genus *Opisthacanthus* in the family Hormuridae
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# Brent Sopel
**Brent Bernard Sopel** (born January 7, 1977) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played the majority of his career in the National Hockey League (NHL). Sopel was originally selected 144th overall at the 1995 NHL Entry Draft by the Vancouver Canucks. He has also played for the New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, Chicago Blackhawks, Atlanta Thrashers and Montreal Canadiens, winning the Stanley Cup in 2010 with Chicago.
In addition to his NHL career, Sopel has also played in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) with Metallurg Novokuznetsk and Salavat Yulaev Ufa, also briefly playing for the American Hockey League (AHL)\'s Chicago Wolves before retiring from professional hockey in 2015.
## Playing career {#playing_career}
### Vancouver Canucks {#vancouver_canucks}
On April 3, 1996, just under a year after being drafted, Sopel signed his first professional contract with his draft team, the Vancouver Canucks. He was told by Coach Marc Crawford that he would never play in the NHL, but Sopel scored his first NHL goal on April 10, 1999, against the Edmonton Oilers\' Tommy Salo. In 2002, Sopel won the Fred J. Hume Award for Unsung Hero voted by the Vancouver Canucks Booster Club. On December 31, 2001, and January 21, 2002, Sopel won USA Today\'s NHL Player of the Week award.
Sopel was traded back to the Canucks during their 2006--07 season on February 1, 2007, the NHL trade deadline day. He missed the first game of the 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs against the Dallas Stars after he injured his back while picking up a cracker that was dropped by his daughter. The Canucks beat the Stars in quadruple overtime, in the sixth longest game in NHL history.
### New York Islanders {#new_york_islanders}
On August 3, 2005, the Canucks traded Sopel to the New York Islanders in exchange for a conditional draft pick in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft. On August 16, just under a week after being traded, Sopel signed a two-year, \$4.8 million contract with the Islanders.
### Chicago Blackhawks {#chicago_blackhawks}
Heading into the 2007--08 season with no contract, Sopel was invited to the Detroit Red Wings\' training camp. However, on September 28, 2007, Sopel left Detroit\'s camp, instead signing a one-year, \$1.5 million contract with the Chicago Blackhawks after the Red Wings had only offered a one-year, \$500,000 contract. On January 10, 2008, Sopel signed a three-year, \$7 million contract extension with the Blackhawks, keeping him in Chicago through to the 2010--11 season.
On June 9, 2010, Brent Sopel won the Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks. On June 22, Sopel brought the team\'s recently-won Stanley Cup to the 2010 Chicago Gay Pride Parade. Sopel brought the Cup to the parade in honour of the late Brendan Burke, son of his former general manager while playing for Vancouver, Brian Burke, to display it in the Chicago Gay Pride Parade, stating to the press that honouring Burke\'s legacy and his father\'s example of familial support and tolerance was one of his reasons for marching in the parade.
### Atlanta Thrashers {#atlanta_thrashers}
On June 23, 2010, Sopel was traded to the Atlanta Thrashers, along with Dustin Byfuglien, Ben Eager and Akim Aliu, in exchange for the 24th (Kevin Hayes) and 54th overall picks (Justin Holl) in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft, Marty Reasoner, Joey Crabb and Jeremy Morin.
### Montreal Canadiens {#montreal_canadiens}
After playing 59 games for Atlanta, registering two goals and seven points, Sopel was then traded to the Montreal Canadiens, along with Nigel Dawes, in exchange for Ben Maxwell and a fourth-round draft pick in 2011 on February 24, 2011.
### Kontinental Hockey League {#kontinental_hockey_league}
On July 29, 2011, Sopel announced that he had signed a two-year contract with Metallurg Novokuznetsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). During the 2012--13 season, his second with Novokuznetsk, Sopel was traded to Salavat Yulaev Ufa for their playoff campaign on January 31, 2013. During the subsequent summer, he signed a two-year contract extension with Salavat Yulaev.
### Chicago Wolves {#chicago_wolves}
On October 10, 2014, the Chicago Wolves of the American Hockey League (AHL) announced that they had signed Sopel to a standard player contract for the 2014--15 season. On February 27, 2015, however, after 29 games played, Sopel announced his retirement from professional hockey.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
After his daughter was diagnosed with dyslexia, Sopel was also diagnosed with the learning disability after the symptoms sounded similar to his struggles. This inspired him to create the Brent Sopel Foundation to help promote and raise funds for youth with dyslexia
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# Hurricane Wilma
**Hurricane Wilma** was the most intense tropical cyclone in the Atlantic basin and the second-most intense tropical cyclone in the Western Hemisphere, both based on barometric pressure, after Hurricane Patricia in 2015. Wilma\'s rapid intensification led to a 24-hour pressure drop of 97 mbar, setting a new basin record. At its peak, Hurricane Wilma\'s eye contracted to a record minimum diameter of 2.3 mi. In the record-breaking 2005 Atlantic hurricane season, Wilma was the twenty-second storm, thirteenth hurricane, sixth major hurricane,{{#tag:ref\|A major hurricane is a tropical cyclone that reaches at least Category 3 intensity on the Saffir--Simpson scale.\|group=\"nb\"}} fourth Category 5 hurricane, and the second costliest in Mexican history.
Its origins came from a tropical depression that formed in the Caribbean Sea near Jamaica on October 15, headed westward, and intensified into a tropical storm two days later, which abruptly turned southward and was named Wilma. Continuing to strengthen, Wilma eventually became a hurricane on October 18. Shortly thereafter, explosive intensification occurred, and in only 24 hours, Wilma became a Category 5 hurricane with wind speeds of 185 mph (295 km/h). Wilma\'s intensity slowly leveled off after becoming a Category 5 hurricane, and winds had decreased to 150 mph before it reached the Yucatán Peninsula on October 20 and 21. After crossing the Yucatán, Wilma emerged into the Gulf of Mexico as a Category 2 hurricane. As it began accelerating to the northeast, gradual re-intensification occurred, and the hurricane was upgraded to Category 3 status on October 24. Shortly thereafter, Wilma made landfall in Cape Romano, Florida, with winds of 120 mph. As Wilma was crossing Florida, it briefly weakened back to a Category 2 hurricane, but again re-intensified as it reached the Atlantic Ocean. The hurricane intensified into a Category 3 hurricane for the last time, before weakening while accelerating northeastward. By October 26, Wilma transitioned into an extratropical cyclone southeast of Nova Scotia.
Early in Wilma\'s duration, flooding and landslides caused 12 deaths in Haiti and 1 death and about \$93.5 million in damage in Jamaica.`{{refn|All damage figures are in 2005 USD, unless otherwise noted|group="nb"}}`{=mediawiki} The Yucatán Peninsula experienced intense winds, torrential precipitation, and high storm surge. Wilma damaged 28,980 homes and 473 schools. The hurricane caused \$4.6 billion in damage and eight deaths in Mexico. In Cuba, the storm damaged crops, roads, railways, 7,149 homes, 364 schools, and 3 hospitals. A total of 446 dwellings were destroyed. Damage throughout Cuba reached about \$704 million. In Florida, strong winds impacted much of the southern portions of the state, while storm surge led to coastal flooding, especially in Collier and Monroe counties. The former, where the storm made landfall, suffered about \$1.2 billion in damage, with 16,000 businesses and homes impacted to some degree. In the Miami metropolitan area, Palm Beach County reported damage to nearly 59,000 businesses and homes, while 5,111 residences in Broward County and at least 2,059 others in Miami-Dade County became uninhabitable. Approximately \$19 billion in damage and 30 deaths occurred in Florida. Within the Bahamas, Wilma caused one death and damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes, mostly on Grand Bahama. Overall, at least 52 deaths were reported and damage totaled to \$26.5 billion, most of which occurred in the United States.
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# Hurricane Wilma
## Meteorological history {#meteorological_history}
In mid-October 2005, a large monsoon-like system developed in the Caribbean Sea. A broad low pressure area formed on October 13 to the southeast of Jamaica, which slowly became more defined while acquiring additional deep convection. On October 15 at 18:00 UTC, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) classified the system as Tropical Depression Twenty-Four while located about 220 mi east-southeast of Grand Cayman. The depression drifted west-southwestward through a favorable environment, including warm sea surface temperatures, due to a high-pressure area over the Gulf of Mexico, a mid-tropospheric anticyclone to the east-northeast of the storm, and weak and poorly-defined steering flow. The depression turned southwestward and strengthened into a tropical storm on October 17, whereupon the NHC designated it *Wilma*. Initial intensification was slow, due to Wilma\'s large size and a flat pressure gradient, although the associated convection gradually organized.
On October 18, Wilma curved west-northwestward and intensified into a hurricane, and subsequently underwent explosive deepening over the open waters of the Caribbean Sea. In a 30--hour period through October 19, Wilma\'s barometric pressure dropped from 982 to 882 mbar; this made Wilma the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record, based on pressure. During the same intensification period, the winds increased to a peak intensity of 185 mph (295 km/h), making Wilma a Category 5 on the Saffir--Simpson scale. An eyewall replacement cycle caused Wilma to weaken below Category 5 status on October 20. The storm then drifted northwestward toward Mexico\'s Yucatán Peninsula as a result of an increase in mid-level ridging to the northeast. Late on October 21, Wilma made landfall on the island of Cozumel, Quintana Roo, with sustained winds of 150 mph. About six hours later, 03:30 UTC the next day, Wilma made a second landfall on the Mexican mainland near Puerto Morelos, but with winds reduced to 135 mph (215 km/h).
The hurricane weakened over the Yucatán Peninsula to Category 2 intensity, but gradually re-strengthened once it reached the Gulf of Mexico, despite a significant increase in wind shear. Wilma re-intensified into a Category 3 hurricane early on October 24 as it accelerated to the northeast, steered by a powerful trough. After passing northwest of the Florida Keys, the hurricane struck southwestern Florida near Cape Romano around 10:30 UTC with winds of 120 mph. Wilma rapidly crossed the state and weakened to a Category 2 hurricane, emerging into the Atlantic Ocean near Jupiter. The cyclone briefly re-intensified to a Category 3 hurricane while passing north of the Bahamas later on October 24 while absorbing the smaller Tropical Storm Alpha to the east. The hurricane passed west of Bermuda on October 25. After cold air and wind shear penetrated the core of convection, Wilma transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 26 approximately 230 mi southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, before it was absorbed by another extratropical storm a day later over Atlantic Canada.
### Records
At 18:01 UTC on October 19, a dropsonde from a hurricane hunter measured a barometric pressure of 884 mbar in the eye of Wilma, along with sustained winds of 23 mph; the wind value suggested that the central pressure was slightly lower, estimated at 882 mbar. This is the lowest central pressure on record for any Atlantic hurricane, breaking the previous record of 888 mbar set by Hurricane Gilbert in 1988. Wilma\'s intensification rate broke all records in the basin, with a 24--hour pressure drop of 97 mbar; this also broke the record set by Gilbert. At the hurricane\'s peak intensity, the Hurricane Hunters estimated the eye of Wilma contracted to a record minimum diameter of 2.3 mi.
While striking Mexico, it dropped torrential rainfall on the offshore Isla Mujeres. Over 24 hours, a rain gauge recorded 1633.98 mm of precipitation, which set a record in Mexico for the nation\'s highest 24--hour rainfall total, as well as the highest 24--hour rainfall total in the western hemisphere.
When Tropical Storm Wilma formed on October 17, it became the 21st named storm of 2005 season, which broke the record for most tropical cyclones in a single season, 20, set in 1933. An additional unnamed subtropical storm was added to 2005\'s tally after the season was over, making Wilma actually the 22nd storm of the season. With Wilma, an entire alphabetic 21-name list was fully used up for the first time, necessitating the naming of subsequent storms in that season by letters of the Greek alphabet. No season would again have 22 storms or make use of the Greek alphabet for storm names until 2020.
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# Hurricane Wilma
## Preparations
The various governments of the nations threatened by Wilma issued many tropical cyclone warnings and watches. At 09:00 UTC on October 16, a hurricane watch and tropical storm warning were posted for the Cayman Islands; these were dropped three days later. A tropical storm warning was issued in Honduras from the border with Nicaragua westward to Cabo Camaron at 15:00 UTC on October 17. In Belize, another tropical storm warning became in effect at 15:00 UTC on October 19 from the border with Mexico to Belize City. On October 21, the tropical storm warning in Honduras was discontinued at 03:00 UTC, while the other in Belize was canceled twelve hours later.
The Mexican government issued hurricane warnings from Chetumal near Belize to San Felipe, Yucatán; a tropical storm warning was extended westward to Celestún. Officials declared a state of emergency in 23 municipalities across the Yucatán, and placed Quintana Roo and Yucatán under a red alert, the highest on its color-coded alert system. About 75,000 people evacuated in northeastern Mexico, including about 45,000 people who rode out the storm in 200 emergency shelters, many of them tourists. Schools were canceled in Quintana Roo, Yucatán, and Campeche, up to 15 days in some areas. Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica -- the MTV Video Music Awards Latinoamérica -- were canceled due to the hurricane, originally scheduled to occur in Playa del Carmen on October 20. The Cuban government issued several watches and warnings in relation to Wilma. By October 22, a hurricane warning was in place for the city of Havana, as well as the provinces of La Habana and Pinar del Río. A tropical storm warning was also issued for Isla de la Juventud, and a hurricane watch was issued for Matanzas Province. The Cuban government mobilized 93,154 workers to help evacuate 760,168 people across the island\'s western provinces. The evacuees generally stayed with family, friends, or in storm shelters. Officials closed all schools nationwide during the passage of Wilma and later Tropical Storm Alpha. During Wilma\'s passage, 41 hotels closed, of which five remained closed for two weeks after the storm. Many businesses, banks, and government institutions were closed for several days due to the storm. Along the coast, 554 boats were moved to protect them during the storm. Farmers moved 246,631 livestock, more than half of them cattle, to avoid the expected high waters. Passenger travel was halted for all trains nationwide, as well as ferry service between Batabanó and Isla de la Juventud. Poor weather conditions forced three airports to briefly close -- José Martí International Airport in Havana, Juan Gualberto Gómez in Varadero and Jardines del Rey in Cayo Coco.
The NHC issued tropical cyclone warnings and watches across much of southern Florida, with a hurricane warning ultimately covering all of South Florida from Longboat Key on the west coast to Titusville, including Lake Okeechobee and the Florida Keys. A tropical storm watch extended northward on the west coast to Steinhatchee River. On Florida\'s east coast, a tropical storm warning stretched northward from Titusville to St. Augustine, with a tropical storm watch extending north to Fernandina Beach. Florida governor Jeb Bush declared a state of emergency on October 19, allowing the deployment of the Florida National Guard and strategic placement of emergency supplies. A mandatory evacuation of residents was ordered for the Florida Keys in Monroe County and those in Collier County living west or south of U.S. Route 41. County offices, schools and courts were closed October 24. At least 400 Florida Keys evacuated stayed at the Monroe County shelter at Florida International University in Miami-Dade County. As far north as Flagler County, many schools and universities closed for at least one day in anticipation of the storm, including in Southwest Florida and the Miami, Orlando, and Tampa metropolitan areas. Schools in Broward and Palm Beach counties remained closed for two weeks because of extended power outages and some damage to school buildings. Wilma\'s passage through Florida disrupted many festivals and sporting matches. Key West postponed Fantasy Fest, often held annually around Halloween, until December, resulting in only about one-third of the usual attendance figures and a loss of millions of dollars in revenue for hotels, restaurants, and stores. The NFL moved the Kansas City Chiefs vs. Miami Dolphins game at Dolphins Stadium from October 23 to October 21, while the NHL postponed the Florida Panthers vs. Ottawa Senators match at the BankAtlantic Center from October 22 to December 5. The NCAA rescheduled three college football games originally set to occur on October 22, with the Georgia Tech vs. Miami match moved to November 19, the West Virginia vs. South Florida game moved to December 3, and the Central Florida vs. Tulane game played on October 21, one day earlier.
The government of The Bahamas issued a hurricane warning for the northwestern Bahamas at 12:00 UTC on October 23, about 24 hours before Wilma made its closest approach to the archipelago. Officials ordered evacuations for the eastern and western portion of Grand Bahama island, with an estimated 300--1,000 people who ultimately evacuated to emergency shelters. The hurricane halted production of Disney\'s *Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man\'s Chest*, forcing the cast and crew to evacuate.
The Bermuda Weather Service issued a gale warning for the island early on October 24, due to uncertainty whether Wilma would be tropical or not. After consulting with the NHC, the agency maintained the gale warning rather than changing it to a tropical storm warning to reduce confusion.
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# Hurricane Wilma
## Impact
Region Deaths Damage (USD)
--------------- -------- ---------------------
The Bahamas 1 {{ntsp\|100000000
Cuba 0 {{ntsp\|704200000
Haiti 12 {{ntsp\|500000
Jamaica 1 {{ntsp\|93500000
Mexico 8 {{ntsp\|4600000000
United States 30 {{ntsp\|21007000000
Total 52
: Impact
### Caribbean
#### Greater Antilles {#greater_antilles}
For several days in its formative stages, Wilma\'s outer rainbands dropped heavy rainfall in Haiti and as far east as the Dominican Republic. The rains triggered river flooding and landslides in Haiti, killing 12 people, and forcing 300 residents into shelters. The storm cut communications between Les Cayes and Tiburon. Less than a week after Wilma formed, Tropical Storm Alpha struck Hispaniola and caused additional deadly floods in Haiti. Damage in the country totaled around \$500,000.
Wilma caused one death in Jamaica as a tropical depression on October 16. It pounded the island for three days ending on October 18, flooding several low-lying communities and triggering mudslides that blocked roads and damaged several homes. Almost 250 people were in emergency shelters on the island. Damage on the island totaled \$93.5 million.
While Wilma was moving northeast in the Gulf of Mexico, the hurricane produced high tides and gusty winds across western Cuba. The highest recorded gust was 84 mph at Casablanca near Havana. For several days, the storm spread rainfall across 11 of Cuba\'s 14 provinces, with a peak rainfall of 223 mm in Pinar del Río province. The Cuban government tabulated the hurricane\'s economic cost at US\$704.2 million, which included the expenses for preparations and lost production from factories. Nationwide, Wilma destroyed 446 houses and damaged another 7,149 to varying degrees, mostly damaging roofs. Due to high floodwaters, nearly 250 people required rescue from their homes in Havana, using inflatable rafts and amphibious vehicles to reach the most severely flooded areas. The hurricane wrecked 167 ha worth of agricultural products in Pinar del Río and Havana provinces, which included damaged fruit trees, bee colonies, and tobacco houses. High floodwaters inundated parts of Havana and along Cuba\'s northwest coast, damaging roads and rail lines. Landslides blocked two bridges and five roads in eastern Cuba. The hurricane also damaged 364 schools and three hospitals. Officials cut electricity in Havana after winds reached 45 mph; after the storm, there were power and water outages in the city, nearby neighborhoods, and in Pinar del Río province. The storm downed 146 power poles and 12.9 km worth of electric lines.
### Mexico
Across the Yucatán peninsula, Hurricane Wilma dropped torrential rainfall, inundated coastlines with a significant storm surge, and produced an extended period of strong winds. The hurricane impaccted parts of the Yucatán peninsula with hurricane-force winds gusts for nearly 50 hours. On the Mexican mainland, a station in Cancún recorded 10--minute sustained winds of 100 mph, with gusts to 132 mph before the anemometer failed; gusts were estimated at 230 km/h. The prolonged period of high waves eroded beaches and damaged coastal reefs.
Across Mexico, Wilma killed eight people -- seven in Quintana Roo, and one in Yucatán. Throughout Mexico, Wilma\'s total damage was estimated at \$50 billion (MXN, US\$4.6 billion), mostly in Quintana Roo, where it was the state\'s costliest natural disaster. At the time, this made Wilma the costliest hurricane on record in Mexico, until it was surpassed by Hurricane Otis in 2023. Wilma damaged 28,980 houses in Mexico, and destroyed or severely damaged 110 hotels in Cancún alone. In the city, about 300,000 people were left homeless. The water level in Cancún reached the third story of some buildings due to 5 to waves, in addition to the storm surge. About 300 people who were from Great Britain had to be evacuated when their shelter flooded in Cancún, while the Americans were left there by the United States. The hurricane also caused significant damage in Cozumel and Isla Mujeres. About 300,000 people lost power in Mexico. The storm also damaged 473 schools.
Flooding damaged houses in low-lying areas of eastern Yucatán state. The primary highway connecting Cancún and Mérida, Yucatán, was impassible after the storm due to floods. Across Mexico, Wilma damaged 490 km2 worth of crops, most of which was in Yucatán state. Across the Yucatán peninsula, the hurricane downed about 1000000 acre of trees.
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# Hurricane Wilma
## Impact
### United States {#united_states}
#### Florida
In Florida, Wilma\'s swift movement across the state resulted in mostly light precipitation totals of 3 to, while some areas recorded only 1 to of rainfall or less. However, precipitation in Florida peaked at 13.26 in at the Kennedy Space Center.`{{Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima}}`{=mediawiki} Additionally, the Lakeland Linder International Airport reported 7.53 in of rainfall on October 24, which remained the highest one-day total at that location until Hurricane Milton in 2024. The highest observed sustained wind speed at surface-height was a 15-minute average of 92 mph at a South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) observation site located in Lake Okeechobee, corresponding to a 1-minute average of 104 mph. Storm surge heights in the Florida Keys generally ranged from 4 to and peaked at nearly 9 ft in Marathon. Collier County measured the highest storm surge on the mainland, reaching 4 to above sea-level. Wilma also spawned 12 tornadoes in Florida. Another SFWMD site in southeastern Hendry County reported a minimum atmospheric pressure of 950.5 mbar.
Wind damage accounted for much of the storm\'s overall damage. The very large eye of Wilma moved across all of or portions of six counties -- Broward, Collier, Hendry, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach. This resulted in widespread hurricane-force sustained winds and gusts, with Category 2 conditions likely occurring in southeastern Florida from Palm Beach County to northern Miami-Dade County. Strong winds left widespread power outages; Florida Power & Light reported more than 3,241,000 customers had lost power throughout 42 counties. At the time, this represented the largest power failure in the history of Florida. The outages affected approximately 2.5 million subscribers in the Miami metropolitan area -- roughly 98% of electrical customers in that area.
Florida\'s agricultural industry reported around \$1.3 billion in damage. Nurseries and sugarcane crops were particularly hard hit -- the former suffered damage totaling nearly \$554 million and the latter experienced around \$400 million in damage, approximately \$30 million more than each of the 2004 Florida hurricanes combined. Additionally, citrus experienced roughly \$180 million in damage from Wilma, equating to a loss of approximately 17% of citrus fruits.`{{cite news |url=https://sun-sentinel.newspapers.com/clip/48170712/south-florida-sun-sentinel/ |title=Seaports, growers hard hit by storm |author=Doreen Hemlock |date=November 10, 2005 |newspaper=Sun-Sentinel |pages=1D and 8D |access-date=April 7, 2020 |via=Newspapers.com |location=Fort Lauderdale, Florida |archive-date=April 7, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407050337/https://sun-sentinel.newspapers.com/clip/48170712/south-florida-sun-sentinel/ |url-status=live}}`{=mediawiki}
- [\"Seaports, growers hard hit by storm\", p. 1D](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48170712/south-florida-sun-sentinel/) `{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407050340/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48170712/south-florida-sun-sentinel/ |date=April 7, 2020 }}`{=mediawiki}
- [\"Seaports, farmers sustain heavy damage\", p. 8D](https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48170856/south-florida-sun-sentinel/)
Overall, Wilma left about \$19 billion in damage and 30 deaths in Florida, 5 from direct causes. Consequently, the hurricane ranked as the then-fourth costliest tropical cyclone in the United States, behind only Ivan in 2004, Andrew in 1992, and Katrina earlier that year. This has been surpassed many times since then, however. Wilma also ranked as the second costliest hurricane in Florida at the time, behind only Andrew. Adjusted for inflation in the year 2017, Wilma would have caused about \$24.32 billion in damage.
In Monroe County, storm surge from Wilma impacted the Florida Keys twice, with the second event causing the worst coastal flooding in the island chain since Hurricane Betsy in 1965. At Dry Tortugas National Park, storm surge and winds damaged boats, destroyed docking facilities, and flooded the park office and living quarters, but Fort Jefferson saw no major damage. Water submerged roughly 60% of Key West and left approximately 690 apartment units, homes, and mobile homes uninhabitable. Wilma damaged more than 4,100 single-family residences, 20 of which sustained major damage, and 6 experienced complete destruction. The hurricane also damaged roughly 2,500 mobile homes, with 257 suffering substantial impact and 15 being destroyed. About 90 apartment and condominium units received some degree of impact. As many as 20,000 cars suffered damage, prompting the *Key West Citizen* to refer to the lower Florida Keys as a \"car graveyard\". The storm ran hundreds of vessels aground, including 223 boats between Key West and Islamorada. Damage in Monroe County reached at least \$200 million, with approximately half the total occurring in Key West, though the figure did not include incorporated areas.
Storm surge in Collier County mostly impacted Chokoloskee, Everglades City, and Plantation Island. Surge destroyed around 200 recreational vehicles in Chokoloskee and covered Everglades City with about 4 ft of water, flooding structures including the Old Collier County Courthouse. The hurricane also caused major impact in Naples, especially to 90 high-rise condos. Buildings in the city suffered \$150 million in damage. Additionally, high winds severely damaged 100 hangars at Naples Airport. Wilma damaged 16,000 businesses and homes to some degree in Collier County, with 394 buildings suffering damage to at least 50 percent of their structure. The hurricane destroyed 2 dwellings, 8 workplaces, and 615 mobile homes, about one-third in Immokalee. In total, the county reported \$1.2 billion in damage, along with a death toll of 7. Hurricane-force wind gusts extended northward into Lee County. Bonita Springs experienced the worst impact in Lee County, with 972 homes reporting minor to major damage. In Cape Coral, Wilma impacted 511 residences; 490 dwellings suffered minor damage, 20 others experienced extensive damage, and 1 mobile home was destroyed. The storm also inflicted moderate to major damage to 78 businesses and demolished 1 other workplace. Insured and uninsured damage in the county totaled \$101 million and one fatality occurred.
Wilma inflicted a multi-billion dollar disaster in the Miami metropolitan area, including \$2.9 billion in damage in Palm Beach County, \$2 billion in Miami-Dade County, and \$1.2 billion in Broward County. Numerous homes and businesses experienced some degree of impact, with over 55,000 dwellings and 3,600 workplaces damaged in Palm Beach County alone. Furthermore, officials declared 5,111 residences in Broward County and at least 2,059 others in Miami-Dade County as uninhabitable. An aerial survey in Broward County indicated that 70% of homes and businesses in Coconut Creek, Davie, Margate, North Lauderdale, Plantation, and Sunrise experienced some degree of impact. High winds also damaged skyscrapers and high-rises, including the Colonial Bank Building, the JW Marriott Miami, Espirito Santo Plaza, and the Four Seasons Hotel Miami in Greater Downtown Miami, as well as the One Financial Plaza, AutoNation Tower, Broward Financial Center, the Broward County Administration Building, the 14-floor Broward County School Board building, and the Broward County Courthouse in Fort Lauderdale.
In Hendry County, high winds damaged around 90 percent of buildings and homes in Clewiston and other eastern sections of the county. The county suffered a loss of about half of orange and sugar crops. Overall, Wilma substantially damaged 250 homes and destroyed 550 other homes in Hendry County. Damage totaled at least \$567 million, with \$300 million to agriculture and \$267 million in structures. Hurricane-force wind gusts in Glades County left approximately 3,000 people without electricity. Wilma destroyed more than 60 homes. Seventeen school district buildings suffered roof damage. Approximately 800 residences sustained damage in Okeechobee County, with 114 receiving major damage and 29 others being destroyed. In Martin County, which recorded a wind gust as high as 108 mph in Hobe Sound, the storm extensively damaged 120 dwellings and destroyed 48 others. The county tallied \$95.7 million in damage. Neighboring St. Lucie County reported damage totaling \$43.4 million. Rainfall totals ranging from 10 to in parts of Brevard County left freshwater flooding; about 200 homes in Cocoa suffered water damage. Six tornadoes in the county also damaged or destroyed some apartments, cars, fences, power lines, restaurants, and trees. In the Florida Panhandle, abnormal high tides generated by Wilma washed the Cape St. George Lighthouse into the Gulf of Mexico. Damage elsewhere in the state was generally minor.
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# Hurricane Wilma
## Impact
### United States {#united_states}
#### Other states {#other_states}
Rainfall from Hurricane Wilma extended up the east coast of the United States from Florida to Virginia. Precipitation reached 3 in along the Outer Banks of North Carolina. As Wilma was moving out to sea, a nor\'easter developed near Cape Hatteras; the two systems produced high waves, coastal flooding, and beach erosion across the Northeastern United States, resulting in some road closures. The nor\'easter drew moisture and energy from Wilma to produce heavy rainfall, snowfall in higher elevations, and gusty winds, with a peak wind gust of 66 mph recorded at Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory in Milton, Massachusetts. The high winds resulted in approximately 200,000 business and homes across the Northeastern United States losing power and downed trees, with traffic blocked on parts of Interstate 95 in Rhode Island and the Green Line train in Newton, Massachusetts. Snowfall in the region peaked at 20 in in Vermont.
### The Bahamas and Bermuda {#the_bahamas_and_bermuda}
After exiting Florida, Wilma passed just north of the northwestern Bahamas. A buoy just off West End on Grand Bahama recorded sustained winds of 95 mph, along with gusts of 114 mph. The hurricane also produced high waves and a 12 ft storm surge, which reached about 1000 ft inland in some areas. The sudden rush of water destroyed about 250 homes and damaged another 400, mostly on the western portion of Grand Bahama. At one home in Eight Mile Rock, the waters swept away and killed a 15-month-old infant. The flooding unearthed 54 bodies from five cemeteries. Flooding also inundated more than 500 vehicles. Central and eastern Grand Bahama received little to no damage from the hurricane. The undersecretary to the prime minister, Carnard Bethell, estimated monetary damage at \"just maybe under \$100 million\".`{{cite news |author=Amy Royster |date=December 4, 2005 |title=Wilma's Waves Devastate Grand Bahama Communities |newspaper=[[The Palm Beach Post]] |location=West Palm Beach, Florida |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post/48799030/ |access-date=August 11, 2024 |via=Newspapers.com}}`{=mediawiki}
- [\"Wilma\'s Waves Devastate Grand Bahama Communities\", p. 1H](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post/48799030/)
- [\"Wilma destroys much of western Grand Bahama\", p. 4H](https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post/48798630/)
However, the country estimated a damage total of about US\$6.5 million in their report to the WMO. Damage in the Bahamas mostly consisted of torn roofs and uprooted trees, along with downed poles and trees. Power and telephone services were disrupted throughout Grand Bahama. Several resorts were closed for an extended period of time, after the winds blew out windows. There were several traffic accidents, including an overturned bus, injuring the driver. During the passage of the hurricane, five cases of looting were reported, with one person caught and arrested. On Bimini Island, the hurricane severely damaged a hotel and eight waterfront homes. On Abaco, Wilma destroyed several buildings, including a governmental clinic and eight homes.
In Bermuda, Hurricane Wilma produced wind gusts of 51 mph. The strongest winds on the island were short-lived due to the hurricane\'s fast forward motion at the time. The hurricane disrupted the flight path of migratory birds, resulting in an unusual increase in frigatebird sightings around the island.
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# Hurricane Wilma
## Aftermath
### Mexico {#mexico_1}
In Mexico, residents and tourists staying in shelters faced food shortages in Wilma\'s immediate aftermath. There were 10 community kitchens set up across Cancún, each capable of feeding 1,500 people every day. Local and federal troops quelled looting and rioting in Cancún. While Cancún\'s airport was closed to the public, stranded visitors filled taxis and buses to Mérida, Yucatán. Located 320 km from Cancún, Mérida was the region\'s closest functioning airport. Most hotels in Cozumel, Isla Mujeres, and the Riviera Maya were largely reopened by early January 2006. The resorts in Cancún took longer to reopen, but most were operational by Wilma\'s one-year anniversary.
On November 28, Mexico declared a disaster area for 9 of Quintana Roo\'s 11 municipalities -- Benito Juárez, Cozumel, Felipe Carrillo Puerto, Isla Mujeres, Lázaro Cárdenas, Othon P. Blanco, and Solidaridad. Mexico\'s development bank -- Nacional Financiera -- provided financial assistance to businesses affected by Wilma and Stan through a \$400 million fund (MXN, US\$38 million). Quintana Roo\'s state government began a temporary work program for residents whose jobs were impacted by the hurricane. The Mexican Red Cross provided food, water, and health care to residents affected by the hurricane. The agency also distributed emergency supplies, such as mosquito nets, plastic sheeting, and hygiene supplies.
### Cuba
Within a few days of Wilma\'s passage by Cuba, workers restored power and water access to impacted residents. The Revolutionary Armed Forces cleared and repaired roads around Havana that were flooded. The capital city was reopened and largely returned to normal within six days of the storm. On October 25, the government of the United States offered emergency assistance to Cuba, which the Cuban government accepted a day later. This acceptance of aid broke from previous practice; many times in the past, including during Hurricane Dennis, the United States offered aid, but the Cuban government declined. The United States provided US\$100,000 to non-governmental organizations in the country.
### United States {#united_states_1}
On October 24, 2005, the same day Wilma made landfall in Florida, President George W. Bush approved a disaster declaration for Brevard, Broward, Collier, Glades, Hendry, Indian River, Lee, Martin, Miami-Dade, Monroe, Okeechobee, Palm Beach, and St. Lucie counties. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) expended \$342.5 million to the 227,321 approved applicants. The agency paid out \$150.8 million for housing and \$191.5 million for other significant disaster-related needs, including loss of personal property, moving and storage, and medical or funeral expenses relating to the hurricane. Public assistance from FEMA totaled over \$1.4 billion, while grants for hazard mitigation projects exceeded \$141.5 million. Additionally, the federal government provided assistance via the Small Business Administration and United States Army Corps of Engineers. The former approved about \$101.4 million in low-interest loans for businesses and homes and the latter installed more than 42,000 temporary roofs.
Florida governor Jeb Bush activated an emergency bridge loan program in early November 2005, allowing small businesses damaged by Wilma to apply for interest-free loans up to \$25,000. The Florida legislature took several actions in the 2006 session in relation to Wilma. These included allocating \$66.7 million to improving shelters, mandating that high-rise buildings have at least one elevator capable of operating by generator, and requiring gas stations and convenience stores to possess a back-up electrical supply in the event that they have fuel but no power.
Florida\'s sugar industry was greatly affected; the cropping had already started and had to be halted indefinitely. Damage to sugarcane crops was critical and widespread. Citrus canker spread rapidly throughout southern Florida following Hurricane Wilma, creating further hardships on an already stressed citrus economy due to damage from Wilma and previous years\' hurricanes. Citrus production estimates fell to a low of 158 million boxes for the 2005--2006 production seasons from a high of 240 million for 2003--2004. Forecasts projected a decrease of 28 million boxes of oranges, the smallest crop since the 1989-1990 growing season, caused by a severe freeze.
By late-September 2010, roughly \$9.2 billion had been paid for more than 1 million insurance claims that had been filed throughout Florida in relation to Hurricane Wilma.
### Bahamas
By about two days after the passage of Hurricane Wilma, 800 residents on Grand Bahama remained in shelters. Local Red Cross chapters mobilized all available resources to assist the residents most affected. The Bahamian Red Cross began a three-month program to distribute food and other items to 1,000 of the 3,500 affected families, primarily on Grand Bahama; the remaining 2,500 families received assistance from the government and other organizations. Volunteers delivered building materials and provided water vouchers to those affected. In Nassau, the Red Cross disaster contingency stock sent a boat with food items, blankets, health kits, tarpaulins and water. About a week after the hurricane, the United States Agency for International Development began providing \$50,000 to the Bahamian National Emergency Management Agency for the purchase and distribution of emergency supplies. The agency also provided \$9,000 for locally contracted helicopter assessments in the affected areas. Red Cross agencies throughout the Caribbean provided hygienic kits, plastic sheeting, blankets, and jerry cans. Work crews quickly removed road debris and tree limbs, and by the day after the passage of Wilma most roads were cleared. The passage of the hurricane left 1,000--4,000 people and hundreds of animals homeless. In response, the Grand Bahama Humane Society distributed about 340 kg of dog food and treated or euthanized injured animals, depending on their condition. Partly due to hurricane damage in tourist areas of Mexico, the Bahamas experienced a 10% increase in visitors in December 2005. Electricians had power restored to the Freeport area by the day after the storm, and had power restored to most of the western portion of the island within three weeks after the hurricane. By that time, the airport on Grand Bahama was reopened, along with every hotel but one; the remaining hotel reopened two months after the hurricane.
### Retirement
Due to the hurricane\'s widespread damage, the World Meteorological Organization retired the name \"Wilma\" from the Atlantic hurricane naming lists in April 2006. It was replaced with \"Whitney\" for the 2011 Atlantic hurricane season
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# South Louisville
**South Louisville** is a neighborhood two miles south of downtown Louisville, Kentucky, US. (\"South Louisville\" or \"South Side\" is also used to describe the entire portion of Southern Louisville.) The area was incorporated as a city in 1886. The city of Louisville fought to annex the area and did so, after a three-year lawsuit, in 1898. As of 2000, the population of South Louisville was 4,688.
The neighborhood itself is bounded by Industry Road, the CSX railroad tracks, Central Avenue, Taylor Boulevard, Longfield Avenue, Compton Street, Thornberry Avenue, Colorado Avenue, Euclid Avenue, and Lincoln avenue. The world-famous Churchill Downs horse racing track and Kentucky Derby Museum are located in South Louisville.
The area was originally owned by the Churchill family and was developed as streetcar lines extended southward to the area in the 1870s. The population grew greatly in the 1890s as many factories, including the Kentucky Wagon Company, were constructed along several rail lines in the area. The large shops of the L&N Railroad were built in the early 1900s.
In 1937 there was a destructive flood. As factories in the area closed in the 1970s, the area greatly declined when middle-class residents moved away, leaving behind abandoned factories and low-income residents. South Louisville is increasingly becoming an immigrant-centered neighborhood, with large Hispanic and Arab populations. Since 2006, a Mosque and several Middle Eastern food stores have opened in the area.
However, South Louisville began to see new development as the University of Louisville expanded its campus southward, with a new football stadium completed in 1998, a baseball stadium completed in 2005, and a soccer stadium completed in 2014, all built on former brownfield sites. A shopping center was built in 2004. Several of the abandoned factory buildings are slated to be converted into condominiums.
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# Tom Wilson (cartoonist)
**Thomas Albert Wilson** (August 1, 1931 -- September 16, 2011), was an American cartoonist. Wilson was the creator of the comic strip *Ziggy*, which he drew from 1971 to 1987. The strip was then continued by his son, Tom Wilson Jr.
After growing up in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, Wilson served in the U.S. Army from 1953 to 1955. He attended the Art Institute of Pittsburgh, graduating in 1955. He was a Cooper Union art instructor from 1961 to 1962.
Wilson\'s career began in 1950, doing advertisement layouts for Uniontown Newspapers, Inc. In 1955, he joined American Greetings (AG) as a designer, becoming Creative Director in 1957 and vice-president of creative development in 1978. While at AG, he developed the Soft Touch greeting card line. He also served as president of Those Characters From Cleveland, AG\'s character licensing subsidiary.
## *Ziggy*
The *Ziggy* comics panel, syndicated by Universal Press Syndicate, launched in 15 newspapers in June 1971. It expanded to appear in more than 500 daily and Sunday newspapers and has been featured in bestselling books and calendars. *Ziggy* merchandising has included plaques, T-shirts, buttons, glass tumblers, lunch boxes, coffee mugs and greeting cards. In 2002, Ziggy became the official spokescharacter for the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society.
Throughout his career, Wilson demonstrated a remarkable ability to anticipate future trends in the marketplace. A veteran of the licensing business, Wilson headed up the creative team that developed such character licensing blockbusters as Strawberry Shortcake and Care Bears.
In 1987, Wilson\'s son, Tom Wilson Jr., took over the *Ziggy* cartoon after having served as an assistant on the strip for many years. Even though Tom Sr. lived in Cleveland and Tom Jr. lived in Cincinnati, the two worked as a team, collaborating by fax and phone.
Wilson was a talented painter with works appearing in exhibitions throughout the United States, including the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Society of Illustrators annual show in New York.
## Awards
The 1982 Christmas special *Ziggy\'s Gift*, based on a *Ziggy* story by Wilson, won a 1983 Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program.
He received the Purchase award in the Butler Institute of American Art\'s annual exhibition.
Wilson was a survivor of lung cancer.
## Death
He died in his sleep on the night of September 16, 2011, of pneumonia at a Cincinnati hospital. He was 80
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# 1999 SEA Games
The **1999 SEA Games** (*Sukan SEA 1999*), officially known as the **20th SEA Games** and commonly known as **Brunei Darussalam 1999**, were a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei. This was the first time Brunei hosted the Southeast Asian Games and also in Borneo island. These were the last to have ever staged during the 20th century, and this was the only occasion, to date, that Brunei had held the SEA Games.
Around 2,365 athletes from 10 participating nations participated at the Brunei Games, which featured 233 events in 21 sports. Brunei is the seventh country to host the Southeast Asian Games after Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines. The games was held from 7 to 15 August 1999, although several events had commenced from 30 July 1999. The games was opened by His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah at the National Sports Complex named after him, Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium.
The final medal tally was led by Thailand, followed by Malaysia and Indonesia with host Brunei in seventh place. Several Games and National Records were broken during the games.
## Development and preparation {#development_and_preparation}
The 20th SEA Games Organising Committee was formed to oversee the staging of the games.
### Venues
The 1999 Southeast Asian Games used a mix of new, existing and temporary venues. Some major retrofitting work were done in most venues to host the multi-sport event.
At the centrepiece of the activities was the Hassanal Bolkiah Sports Complex which was completed in September 1983. Incorporating the 28,000-seat national stadium, it hosted most of the events. As Brunei have limited sports facilities, only 21 sports were held in the country.
A games village was not built. Instead, a \"village in the city\" concept saw athletes and officials housed in were housed in service apartment and hotels respectively across Brunei, with the former served as the games village for the athletes. Besides being physically near to the Hassanal Bolkiah Sports Complex, it was hoped that it will add vibe to the city and reduce post-games costs in converting a dedicated games village to other uses.
The **20th Southeast Asian Games** had 22 venues for the games.
-------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nation Competition Venue Sports
Brunei Hassanal Bolkiah National Sports Complex
Hassanal Bolkiah National Stadium Athletics, Football, Billiards and Snooker, Lawn bowls, Boxing, Opening and closing ceremonies
Aquatic Centre Aquatics (Swimming, Diving, Water polo)
Indoor Stadium Badminton
Hockey Stadium Hockey
Multi Purpose Hall Pencak silat
Squash Centre Squash
Tennis Centre Tennis
Others
University of Brunei Darussalam Basketball
Gadong Police Headquarters Boxing
Muara-Tutong Highway Cycling (Individual time trial)
Jalan Kianggeh, Jalan Sultan, Jalan Bendahara, Jalan Cator Cycling (criterium)
Youth Centre Cycling (mass start)
Bukit Shahbandar Forest Recreation Park Cycling (Mountain Bike: Downhill, Cross-country)
Youth and sports complex Football
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Sports Centre Football
Pantai Mentiri Golf Club Golf
Royal Brunei Airlines Sports Complex, Berakas Karate
Muhibbah Hall Brunei Muara District Office, Berakas Sepak takraw
Jerudong Park Trap & Skeet Range, Jerudong Shooting
Menglait Sports Complex Table tennis, Taekwondo
Utama Bowling Centre Bowling
Water sports complex, Serasa Traditional boat race
-------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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# 1999 SEA Games
## Marketing
### Logo
The logo of the 1999 Southeast Asian Games is an image of a torch, the symbol of the Games that represents vitality, sportsmanship and tradition. The logo that is coloured in red, yellow and green symbolises the excitement of the games. The ten interlinked gold rings, the logo of the Southeast Asian Games Federation represents the participating nations of the Southeast Asian Games, and the Southeast Asian Games itself. The gold colour of the logo represents quality, achievement and victory. The games\' logo is the first logo in Southeast Asian Games history to use the 10-ring chain which last until the 2011 games.
### Mascot
The mascot of the 1999 Southeast Asian Games is a boy named Awang Budiman. His traditional Malay attire bears the colours of the flag of Brunei, which symbolises the traditional cultural identity of the nation. \"Awang\" is a title for Bruneian males, while the name \"Budiman\" represents the wise and courteous characteristics of Brunei as the host of the games.
### Songs
A song album of the games was released during the games which contains songs written by Prince Sufri Bolkiah. These include the theme song of the games: \"Mencari Kejayaan\" (In search for success) which was composed by Prince Haji Sufri Bolkiah and was sung by Ak Mohd Yusri. The other songs are \"Here We Meet\", \"Selamat Datang\" (Welcome), \"Tekad Kemenangan\" (Determined to win), \"Skuad Negara\" (National Squad) and \"Till We Meet Again\".
### Sponsors
A total of 9 sponsors sponsored the games. `{{div col|colwidth=22em}}`{=mediawiki}
- Royal Brunei Airlines
- Nestle Milo
- Royal Dutch Shell
- Brunei Postal Services Department
- Telekom Brunei
- Incomm
- Fascom
- Canon Inc.
- The Centrepoint
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# 1999 SEA Games
## The games {#the_games}
### Opening ceremony {#opening_ceremony}
The opening ceremony began at 20:00 BST with the arrival of guests, VIPs and Prince Haji Sufri Bolkiah, President of the National Olympic Council of Brunei Darussalam and Chairman of the 20th SEA Games Organising Committee into the stadium, the marching performance by the Royal Brunei Armed Forces and the Royal Brunei Police Force and the stage performance by local artists including Ak Mohd Yusri who performed the games\' theme song, Mencari Kejayaan.
At 20:30 BST, His Majesty Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Muizaddin Waddaulah, Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam, Her Majesty Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha and the members of the royal family arrived at the stadium. The armed forces bringing in the National Flag of Brunei and the National Anthem of Brunei was played as the National Flag of Brunei was raised. The Sultan then inspected of the guards of honour of the Armed Forces.
Later, the march past by 50 flag bearers of the SEA Games flags and Mascot started, followed by 100 flag bearers carrying the flags of all participating nations. The contingents of each country also paraded into the stadium began with the Cambodia contingent. The host Contingent, Brunei led by Crown Prince Pengiran Muda Haji Al-Muhtadee Billah, Prince Abdul Mateen, Princess Azemah Ni\'matul Bolkiah and Princess Fadzillah Lubabul Bolkiah, received the warmest welcome when they marched into the stadium.
After that, the President delivered his welcoming speech and the games was then declared opened by the Sultan. Fathan and Ernie then performed the song Selamat Datang. Later, the Royal Armed Force personnel then marched into the stadium taking the games flag with them and raised them beside the Brunei National Flag. The 20th SEA Games cauldron was then lit by Dayang Umi Kalthum Haji Karim, Brunei\'s gold medalist in Pencak Silat event at the 17th SEA Games in Singapore. The reading of the SEA Games oath was led by the 15th SEA Games Gold Medalist in Shooting event, Lieutenant Colonel Dato Setia Haji Md Samid Haji Abdul Aziz. The ceremony concluded with field performance presented by paratroopers, five-thousand students of Brunei and three hundred Brunei Shell Employees.
### Closing ceremony {#closing_ceremony}
The closing ceremony began at 20:00 BST with the arrival of the Crown Prince at the National Stadium alongside the President of the National Olympic Council of Brunei Darussalam and the Chairman of the 20th SEA Games Organising Committee. Also presented were other members of the royal family.
After that, a video clip on the highlights of the 20th SEA Games was broadcast, followed by the Games Mascot performance which portrayed the images of some of the sports events during the nine days sport meet, the parade of athletes competed at the games with Prince Abdul Mateen, Princess Azeemah Niqmatul Bolkiah and Princess Fadzillah Lubabul Bolkiah leading the Brunei contingent by order of sports. A song presentation entitled \"Skuad Negara\" composed by the President of the Brunei Darussalam National Olympic Council was performed by a Bruneian choir group. The President then gave his speech. Later, the Crown Prince declared the games closed.
The cauldron was later extinguished with the President of the National Olympic Council of Brunei Darussalam and the Chairman of the 20th SEA Games Organising Committee, handed over the SEA Games Flag to the Malaysian representative, Tunku Emran Tuanku Jaafar, President of the Malaysia Olympic Council, represented the SEA Games responsibilities being handed over to Malaysia, host of the 2001 Southeast Asian Games.
The national anthem of Malaysia was played as the National Flag of Malaysia was raised. Later, a Malaysia segment performance, \"Gemilang Malaysia\" was performed by members of the Sabah Cultural Board and the Sarawak Cultural Village as well as 60 students from the Bandaraya Kuching Secondary School which formed the Malaysian cultural group. The ceremony concluded with a stage performance performed by Bruneian artists
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# Contax N Digital
The **Contax N Digital** was a six-megapixel digital SLR camera produced by Contax in Japan. The camera was announced in late 2000, and began to be sold in spring 2002, after several delays. The camera received mixed reviews from the press, and was withdrawn from the market within a year of its introduction.
It was noteworthy for being the first full-frame digital SLR, with an imaging chip the full size of a 135 film frame. All previous digital SLRs had a smaller sensor, giving a cropped view (see magnification factor). The imaging sensor was a Philips FTF3020-C, which had previously been used in the Jenoptik *Eyelike* medium format digital back. Pentax also planned to use the sensor in a full-frame digital SLR, the Pentax MZ-D, but abandoned work on the prototype in late 2001. The sensor featured ISO settings as low as ISO 25, but the reviews noted that it had a relatively high noise level above ISO 100. The next full-frame digital SLRs were the Canon EOS-1Ds of late 2002, followed by Kodak\'s DCS Pro 14n in 2003. Nikon and Sony introduced full-frame models in 2007 and 2008 respectively.
The N Digital was based on the short-lived Contax N range of 35mm film SLRs, and used the Contax N-mount lens system. Nine lenses were produced for this mount, by Carl Zeiss. There were three Contax N-Mount cameras -- two 35mm film SLR bodies, plus the N Digital -- all of which are now discontinued.
Contax\'s parent company Kyocera withdrew from the digital imaging market in 2005
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# Anne Fulda
{{ infobox person \| name = Anne Fulda \| image = Anne Fulda & Franz-Olivier Giesbert.png \| caption = Anne Fulda and Franz-Olivier Giesbert \| birth_date = `{{birth date and age|1963|05|10|df=yes}}`{=mediawiki} \| birth_place = Paris, France \| education = Sciences Po \| spouse = Alain Cadier (divorced) \| children = 2 \| occupation = Journalist *Le Figaro*\
Presenter of *L\'heure des livres* on CNews }}
**Anne Fulda** (born 10 May 1963) is a French journalist working for *Le Figaro* in the politics department since 1982. She is a specialist of French politics and in particular of French right-wing politics. She wrote a book about Jacques Chirac in 1997. She was allegedly the mistress of the former French President Nicolas Sarkozy from 2005 to 2006.
## Articles
- [Les vacances de M. le President](http://www.lefigaro.fr/reportage/20070511.FIG000000061_les_vacances_de_m_le_president
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# Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention
The **Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN)** is a Finnish institute carrying out several roles in support of chemical weapons disarmament.
Established in 1994 as a continuation of a research project started in 1973, it is located within the Chemistry Department of the Kumpula Campus of the University of Helsinki.
Funded by the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, its main task is to develop improved methods of verification of chemical weapons disarmament. The particular approach adopted is to refine analytical chemical techniques for identifying traces of chemical weapons, their precursors and their degradation products.
The institute is the National Authority for Finland under the Chemical Weapons Convention, carrying out many of the tasks required by the treaty such as preparing the Finnish Government declarations to the OPCW of inventories of controlled substances and escorting OPCW inspections of Finnish chemical production facilities. It is also one of the 18 OPCW designated laboratories worldwide for performing chemical weapons verification tests, a role it has performed since 1998.
The institute also runs several courses on chemical weapons verification for chemists from developing countries.
In 2014 VERIFIN was awarded The OPCW-The Hague Award in recognition of its outstanding leadership in the development of advanced verification methods for use in the detection and identification of chemical weapons and their components
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| 0 |
2,878,732 |
# Medical Communications for Combat Casualty Care
**Medical Communications for Combat Casualty Care** (MC4) is a deployable health support information management system of the U.S. Army.
MC4 integrates, fields and provides technical support for a comprehensive medical information system enabling lifelong electronic medical records, streamlined medical logistics and enhanced situational awareness for Army operational forces. By accomplishing this mission, the MC4 Product Management Office (PMO) provides the U.S. Army's solution to the Presidential and Congressional objectives set-forth by U.S. Code Title 10 in 1997, which called for a medical tracking system for all deployed Service members.
## Software and hardware {#software_and_hardware}
MC4 is a (semi-) ruggedized system-of-systems containing medical software packages fielded to operational medical forces worldwide. The MC4 PMO provides Army-specific infrastructure (MC4 system) to support deployment of the Defense Health Information Management System (DHIMS), Theater Medical Information Program-Joint (TMIP-J) products. The TMIP-J applications include software for electronic medical record (EMR) documentation, a web-based application that serves as a deployed EMR repository and a web-based application for conducting battlefield surveillance.
Although the MC4 program doesn\'t create the software, the MC4 program does provide the tools needed to digitally record and transfer critical medical data from the foxhole to medical treatment facilities around the world.
MC4 is more than an EMR. The MC4 system is the Army\'s tactical medical information system including software from multiple sources, future systems and applications, package fielding and technical support.
Deployable medical forces use the MC4 system to gain quick, accurate access to patient histories and forward casualty resuscitation information. The system also provides automated tools facilitating patient and item tracking, blood management, medical reporting and medical logistical support.
## Training, fielding and support {#training_fielding_and_support}
MC4 provides new equipment training while Unit Commanders are responsible for sustainment training. MC4 is always looking at new ways to provide training that aligns with its charter and resources.
First deployed in 2003, MC4 has fielded systems to tactical medical units throughout Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar and Afghanistan, making it the most comprehensive information management/information technology medical system deployed to date.
MC4 support personnel assure system sustainability.
This commitment is supported by regional support centers in the U.S., South Korea, Europe, Kuwait, and currently Afghanistan as well as a 24-7, online helpdesk, providing a worldwide sustainment and technical support structure.
## Supporting the future {#supporting_the_future}
The U.S. Army recognizes that the MC4 system is an evolving capability required to support current and emerging medical information technologies needed by deployed medical forces.
As such, MC4 is strategically integrating with future Army systems, including PEO Soldier. MC4 will provide an interface to these systems that enables automated assessment and remote monitoring capabilities for deployed medical forces.
## Summary
- MC4 provides deployed medical forces (1) quick, accurate access to patient histories and forward, (2) casualty resuscitation information, and (3) automation tools facilitating (a) patient tracking, (b) medical reporting, and (c) medical logistics support.
- MC4 provides combatant commanders (1) medical surveillance information, (2) theater-wide trend analysis capabilities, and (3) enhanced medical situational awareness.
- MC4 provides Service members (1) secure, accessible, lifelong electronic medical records, (2) easier access to medical benefits, (3) peace of mind, and (4) better-informed healthcare providers
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# Vincent (TV series)
***Vincent*** is a British television crime drama series, created and principally written by Stephen Butchard, that first broadcast on ITV on 10 October 2005.
## Premise
*Vincent* follows the work of a private detective agency based in Manchester, run by private investigator Vincent Gallagher (Ray Winstone), who alongside his sidekick Beth (Suranne Jones), junior PI Robert (Joe Absolom) and fellow team members Gillian (Angel Coulby) and John (Ian Puleston-Davies), investigates cases which the police would either refuse to touch, or have been unable to solve. Vincent also has to deal with his arch enemy, DCI David Driscoll (Philip Glenister), who begins a relationship with his estranged wife Cathy (Eva Pope), resulting in Cathy becoming pregnant.
Following strong viewership and critical acclaim for the first series, a second four-part series was commissioned, which began transmission on 16 October 2006. Despite retaining consistent viewing figures, and Winstone\'s expressed interest in continuing in the role, ITV executives chose to axe *Vincent* following the conclusion of the second series.
The complete series was released on DVD on 13 November 2006 via ITV Studios Home Entertainment. On 25 February 2016, all eight episodes were also made available for download on the ITV Store. Both series of *Vincent* were also broadcast in the United States on BBC America
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# Showdown: Legends of Wrestling
***Showdown: Legends of Wrestling*** is a professional wrestling video game developed by Acclaim Studios Austin and published by Acclaim Entertainment for the PlayStation 2 and Xbox in 2004. It is the sequel to the 2002 video game *Legends of Wrestling II*. A GameCube version of the game was also planned, but was cancelled. *Showdown* is the third and final game in the *Legends of Wrestling* video game series. It was the last game developed by the Austin studio prior to its closure later that year, and the last game released by Acclaim Entertainment in North America.
## Roster
The game features a variety of legendary professional wrestlers featured in previous games, including André the Giant, Hulk Hogan and Eddie Guerrero. Wrestlers such as Rob Van Dam depart the series, and are replaced with the likes of Sting, Diamond Dallas Page, Randy Savage and more.
A significant addition for *Showdown: Legends of Wrestling* was the inclusion of Ultimate Warrior who had been in legal disputes with WWE and successfully had his likeness excluded from *WWE SmackDown! Here Comes the Pain* the previous year. Also noteworthy is the absence of two Von Erich brothers, Mike and David, who were in both previous *Legends of Wrestling* games.
Some minor new features included a tribute to deceased legendary wrestlers as well as a tutorial fully narrated by Bret Hart.
## Music
The theme music in the last two games was composed by \"The Mouth of The South\" Jimmy Hart. Hart appears as a playable character in all three games. He also composed some of the theme music for World Championship Wrestling and World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment. The 1983 song \"Metal Health\" by Quiet Riot is used in promo videos for the game and is played at the main menu and Create-a-Legend screens.
## Reception
*Showdown: Legends of Wrestling* received \"mixed or average\" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.
*Xbox Nation* called it \"a steaming doodie. With extra stank on it.\" Consumer reaction was negative too, though not excessively so, primarily tempered by the stellar roster available in the game. The inclusion of former WCW commentary team of Bobby \"The Brain\" Heenan, Tony Schiavone, \"The Living Legend\" Larry Zbyszko and ring announcer Gary Michael Cappetta was welcomed. The commentary system turned out to be a failure, however, being unsophisticated and repetitive. It has arguably the best roster of popular 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s pro-wrestlers, including many \'legends\' who didn\'t appear in the first two games.
The game was riddled with many serious bugs, glitches, crashes, and lock-ups. This suggested that *Showdown: LoW* was a rushed product with little attention to quality assurance on Acclaim\'s part. Other major negative aspects of the game are terribly lacking opponent AI, sluggish character movement, and clumsy game controls. Errors and omissions in the accompanying instruction booklet compounded this. The game\'s box also advertised commentary from Jerry \"The King\" Lawler which also was omitted from the game
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# Fredrik Stefan Eaton
**Fredrik Stefan Eaton**, `{{post-nominals|country=CAN|OC|OOnt|sep=,}}`{=mediawiki} (June 26, 1938 -- February 20, 2021) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist who was a member of the prominent Eaton family. He was the great-grandson of Eaton\'s department store founder Timothy Eaton.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
He was born in Toronto to John David Eaton and his wife, Signy Hildur Stefansson, and he was raised in the Forest Hill area. His mother was of Icelandic descent. He had three brothers -- John Craig Eaton, Thor Edgar Eaton and George Ross Eaton.
In 1962, Eaton received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of New Brunswick and started working as a salesman at Eaton\'s in British Columbia. From 1977 to 1988, he was the chairman, president and CEO of Eaton\'s.
Eaton served as Canadian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1991 to 1994. In 1993, he was appointed Chancellor of the University of New Brunswick and served for two terms of five years.
He married Catherine \"Nicky\" Martin and had two children -- Fredrik D\'Arcy Eaton, who lives in Toronto and is head of the *Catherine and Fredrik Eaton Charitable Foundation*, and Flora Catherine Eaton Coakley, who lives in New York City.
Eaton lived with his family in Toronto, and he also had a country estate in Caledon, Ontario, a cottage on Georgian Bay, and a winter home in Florida. He was one of the most public members of the Eaton family, and he attended social events and endowed many institutions philanthropically.
## Honours
In 1990, Eaton was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for having \"contributed to many aspects of Canadian life. Through his leadership in a variety of organizations, in fields as diverse as those of business, education, nature, health care and the arts, he continued his family\'s tradition of exemplary service to the public.\" In 2001, he was awarded the Order of Ontario for his \"contributions in numerous areas including health care and the arts\"
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# 2001 SEA Games
The **2001 Southeast Asian Games** (*Sukan Asia Tenggara 2001*), officially known as the **21st Southeast Asian Games**, were a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This was the fifth time that Malaysia plays as SEA Games hosts, the country previously held the event in 1965, 1971, 1977, and 1989, all of which were staged in Kuala Lumpur.
Held from 8 to 17 September 2001 (although several events had commenced from 1 September 2001), these were the first SEA Games to have taken place in the new millennium. Around 4,165 athletes have participated at the Kuala Lumpur Games, which featured 391 events in 32 sports. It was opened by Salahuddin, the King of Malaysia at the Bukit Jalil National Stadium.
The final medal tally was led by host Malaysia, followed by Thailand and Indonesia. Several Games and National Records were broken during the games. The games were deemed generally successful with the rising standard of competition amongst the Southeast Asian nations.
## Development and preparation {#development_and_preparation}
The Kuala Lumpur 21st SEA Games Organizing Committee (KULSOC) was formed to oversee the staging of the event.
Position Name Designation
--------------- ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------
Chairman Mr Hishamuddin Hussein Minister, Ministry of Youth and Sports
Vice Chairman Mr Tunku Muda Serting Imran President, Olympic Council of Malaysia
Members Mr Mahamad Zabri Min Secretary General, Ministry of Youth and Sports Secretary
Mr Mohd Zahidi Hj. Zainuddin Chief, Armed Forces
Mr Samsudin Hitam Secretary General, Ministry of Finance
Mr Mohamad Taha Ariff Director General of Health
Mr Kamaruzzaman Mayor, City of Kuala Lumpur
Mr Aseh Hj. Che Mat Secretary General, Ministry of Home Affairs
Mr Arshad Hashim Secretary General, Ministry of Information
Mr Tengku Alaudin Tengku Abd. Majid Secretary General, Ministry of Youth and Sports
Mr Mohmad Shaid Mohd. Taufek Senior Deputy Secretary General, Prime Minister Department
Mr Mohd. Shahar Sidek Director General, Road Transport Department
Mr Wira Mazlan Ahmad Director General, National Sports Council
: Steering Committee members of the Games
### Venues
The 2001 Southeast Asian Games used a mix of new, existing and temporary venues. Most venues were pre-existing public-sporting facilities which were reverted to public use after the games. No major retrofitting work were done in most venues as most had been used to host major multi-disciplinary events such as the 1998 Commonwealth Games.
At the centrepiece of the activities was the Bukit Jalil National Sports Complex. Incorporating the new 87,411-seat national stadium, it hosted most of the events.
A games village was not built. Instead, a \"village in the city\" concept saw athletes and officials housed in hotels across Peninsular Malaysia. Besides being physically near to the sport venues, it was hoped that it will add vibe to all the states and reduce post-games costs in converting a dedicated games village to other uses.
The **21st Southeast Asian Games** had 39 venues for the games. 19 in Kuala Lumpur, 10 in Selangor, 4 in Johor and 3 each in Negeri Sembilan and Penang respectively.
----------------- -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
State Competition Venue Sports
Kuala Lumpur National Sports Complex
Bukit Jalil National Stadium Opening and closing ceremonies, Athletics (Track and Field)
National Aquatic Centre Aquatics (Diving, Swimming, Synchronised swimming)
Gymnasium I, Bukit Jalil Billiards and snooker
Putra Indoor Stadium Gymnastics
Malaysia National Hockey Stadium Hockey
Bukit Kiara Sports Complex
Juara Stadium Netball
National Lawn bowls Centre Lawn bowls
Other
National Sports Council Sports Complex, Taman Keramat Petanque
Kuala Lumpur City Hall Swimming Complex Aquatics (Water polo)
Kuala Lumpur Velodrome Cycling (Track cycling)
Titiwangsa Stadium Sepak takraw
Malaysia Basketball Association Stadium Basketball
Kuala Lumpur Badminton Stadium Volleyball (Indoor)
Malaysian Public Works Department headquarters Fencing
Tenaga National Sports Complex Table tennis
Merdeka Square Athletics (Marathon)
Titiwangsa Lake Gardens Athletics (Racewalking)
National Tennis Centre, Jalan Duta Tennis
KLFA Stadium Football (women)
Selangor Malawati Stadium Badminton
Sungai Buloh Rubber Research Institute Cycling (Mountain biking)
Petaling Jaya City Council Stadium Football (men)
Selangor Turf Club Equestrian (Show jumping, Dressage)
Universiti Putra Malaysia Equestrian (Cross-country equestrianism)
Kuala Lumpur International Airport, Sungai Labu Estate Equestrian (Endurance)
Sungai Long Golf and Country Club Golf
Universiti Tenaga Nasional Karate
PMKM Shooting Range Shooting
Batu Dam Rowing
Johor Johor Jaya Multi-Purpose Hall Weightlifting (competition)
Tan Sri Dato\' Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium Weightlifting (training)
Dataran Bandaraya Johor Bahru Archery
Pembandaran Pasir Gudang Indoor Stadium Pencak silat
Negeri Sembilan Bandar Baru Nilai Cycling (Mass start, Individual time trial)
Admiral Marina and Leisure Club Sailing
Paroi Centre Club Sports Centre Boxing
Penang Mega Lanes Bowling Centre, Prai Bowling
Bukit Dumbar Squash Centre Squash
Penang International Sports Arena Wushu, Judo
----------------- -------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
### Torch relay {#torch_relay}
The 21st SEA Games torch relay ran from 10 March 2001 to 8 September 2001, covering a distance of 7,884 km. The run began in Labuan followed by Sabah and Sarawak. In the peninsula, it started in Langkawi and passed through 12 states before it ended in Kuala Lumpur. The last leg of the run covered approximately 15 km, from Merdeka Square to Bukit Jalil National Stadium.
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# 2001 SEA Games
## Marketing
### Logo and mascot {#logo_and_mascot}
The official logo for the games is an interpretation of a flame. In stylising the \"flame\" for the logo\'s design, its tongues have been individually separated and simplified. The logo\'s weaving formation conveys unity, and a coming together of Southeast Asia\'s best athletes. Its \"weaving\" also gives an opportunity to form the Roman numeral XXI, representing the 21st century, as well as having the Kuala Lumpur Games being the 21st edition of the SEA Games.
The mascot of the 2001 SEA Games is a squirrel named *Si Tumas*, a short form for *Tupai Emas* (Golden squirrel). In addition, the *Si* is phonetically similar to *SEA* as in *SEA Games*, and it is also a friendly form of address in Malay.
### Songs
The theme song of the games is *\"In Glory We Celebrate (The SEA Games - 2001)\"*, composed by Helen Yap from Magic Nova Productions with lyrics written in English by Tom Leng and lyrics written in Malay by Loloq, and was sung by Lynn Ali. A campaign song of the games was composed by Jaafar Abdul Rahman Idris with lyrics written by Dato Mokhzani Ismail and was sung by Adibah Noor.
### Sponsors
A total of 26 sponsors, comprising 4 official partners, 8 main sponsors and 14 official sponsors, sponsored the games. `{{Col-start}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Col-2}}`{=mediawiki}
Official partners
- Petronas
- Telekom Malaysia
- Tenaga Nasional
- PROTON Holdings
Main sponsors
- Antioni
- Milo
- Coca-Cola
- Spritzer
- Genting Group
- Bata Shoes
- Syarikat Supreme Landmark & Wireless Corp. Sdn. Berhad
- Galaxy Automation Sdn. Berhad
Official sponsors
- Fraser and Neave
- Nestlé Cereals
- Lion Corporation
- Nikon
- Kodak
- Asia Pacific Sports
- Mesuma Sports Sdn Bhd
- FBT
- Royal Selangor
- Siemens
- Fujitsu
- Stanson
- Consolidated Farms
- Malaysia Airlines
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# 2001 SEA Games
## The games {#the_games}
### Closing ceremony {#closing_ceremony}
The closing ceremony took place on 17 September 2001 in a rainy night with the theme: ASEAN, a time to celebrate (ASEAN: Masa untuk merayakan). It was attended by 100,000 audiences who managed to get into the stadium and take their seats. The ceremony begins with the performance of local celebrities including Erra Fazira and Ziana Zain.
After that, a group of paratroopers descended on the field of the stadium with the flags of the 10 participating nations of the games accompanied with the song \"Jalur Gemilang\" performed by a choir group. The athletes of the participating nations then paraded into the stadium by order of sports competed at the games and received warm welcome by the audience in the stadium. The order began with the aquatics, followed by archery, athletics and other sports.
The ceremony then continues with the performance of \"Citrawarna Malaysia\', performed by 300 dancers and 50 drum players that rocks the stadium with the rhythmic beat that reflects the diversity of the song rhythm and the traditional dances of the multi-racial society in Malaysia. Later, Mohd Qabil Ambak Mahamad Fathil, the Malaysian Equestrian rider was declared the Best Sportsman of the games, while the Thai Athletics sprinter Supavadee Khawpeag was declared the Best Sportswoman of the games.
After Prime minister Mahathir Mohammad declared the games closed, the Southeast Asian Games Federation flag was lowered and the flame of the cauldron was extinguished. The president of the Southeast Asian Games Federation and the president of the Olympic Council of Malaysia, Tan Sri Tunku Muda Serting Imran then handed over the games flag and the baton to the president of the Vietnam Olympic Committee and the Minister of Sports, Nguyen Danh Thai, a symbol of the SEA Games responsibilities being officially handed over to Vietnam, host of the 2003 Southeast Asian Games. The national anthem of Vietnam was played as the National Flag of Vietnam was raised. After that, an 11-minute Vietnam segment performance titled \"Welcome to Vietnam\" was performed by Vietnamese female dancers carrying a giant red flag with them. The performance was divided into three parts. The ceremony concludes with a Malaysian farewell segment performance in which the firework simultaneously released into the sky with 21 mountaineers fall from the roof using the ropes attached to them and distribute gifts to some lucky audiences while the balloons and colourful papers were spread into the air. A special concert was then held by popular artistes like Siti Nurhaliza, Erra Fazira, Sheila Majid and Amy of Search.
### Participating nations {#participating_nations}
-
-
-
-
- **(Host)**
-
-
-
-
-
### Sports
- Aquatics
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
### Calendar
### Medal table {#medal_table}
A total of 1280 medals comprising 392 gold medals, 390 silver medals and 498 bronze medals were awarded to athletes. The Host Malaysia\'s performance was their best ever yet in Southeast Asian Games History and emerged as overall champion of the games.
Key
## Broadcasting
During the Games, 32 sports events were broadcast live. The host broadcast activities were provided by Radio Televisyen Malaysia
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# Nu Arae
**Nu Arae** (ν Arae / ν Ara) is shared by two star systems in the constellation Ara:
- **ν^1^ Arae**
- **ν^2^ Arae**
They are separated by 0.49° on the heavens. The stars are also sometimes referred to **Upsilon Arae** (υ^1^ and υ^2^ Arae), but more generally unlettered
| 51 |
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| 0 |
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# V539 Arae
`| u-b = −0.64`\
`| variable = ``Algol``/``SPB`
}} `{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = −4.3{{±|2.9}}`{=mediawiki}
`| prop_mo_ra = +2.517`\
`| prop_mo_dec = −12.105`\
`| pm_footnote = `\
`| parallax = 2.5208`\
`| p_error = 0.1096`\
`| parallax_footnote = `\
`| absmag_v = −1.83/−1.11`
}} `{{Starbox orbit
| reference = <ref name=Wolf_Zejda_2005/>
| primary = <!--Primary name -->
| name = <!--Companion name-->
| period = <!--(P) Period (in years)-->
| period_unitless = {{val|3.1690854|(12)|u=days|fmt=none}}
| axis = <!--(a) Semimajor axis (in arcseconds)-->
| axis_unitless = <!--(a) Semimajor axis (no units provided by template)-->
| eccentricity = {{val|0.0548|(15)}}
| inclination = 85.2
| node = <!--(Ω) Longitude of node (in degrees)-->
| periastron = <!--(T) Periastron epoch-->
| periarg = {{val|118.9|(1.2)}}
| periarg_primary = <!--(ω) Argument of periastron (in degrees), primary -->
| k1 = <!-- Velocity semi-amplitude (SB1, or primary in SB2), in km/s -->
| k2 = <!-- Velocity semi-amplitude (secondary in SB2), in km/s -->
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox detail
| source = <ref name=southworth2022/>
| component1 = V539 Ara A
| mass = 6.239{{±|0.066}}`{=mediawiki}
`| radius = 4.551{{±|0.019}}`\
`| luminosity = 2,000{{±|240|210}}`\
`| temperature = 18,100{{±|500}}`\
`| metal_fe = `\
`| gravity = 3.9170{{±|0.0029}}`\
`| rotational_velocity = 100`\
`| age_myr = 23.2{{±|2.9}}`\
`| component2 = V539 Ara B`\
`| mass2 = 5.313{{±|0.060}}`\
`| radius2 = 3.575{{±|0.035}}`\
`| luminosity2 = 980{{±|130|110}}`\
`| temperature2= 17,100{{±|500}}`\
`| gravity2 = 4.0570{{±|0.0084}}`\
`| rotational_velocity2 = 130`
}} `{{Starbox catalog
| names = {{odlist | V=V539 Ara | name=Boss 4496 | B=ν{{sup|1}} Arae | CD=−53°7423 | HD=161783 | HIP=87314 | HR=6622 | SAO=245065 | WDS=J17505-5337A | GC=24187 | PPM=346351 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox reference
| Simbad = V539+Ara |sn=AB
| Simbad2=CCDM+J17505-5337A |sn2=A
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox end}}`{=mediawiki}
**V539 Arae** is a multiple star system in the southern constellation of Ara. It has the Bayer designation **Nu`{{sup|1}}`{=mediawiki} Arae** , which is Latinized from ν`{{sup|1}}`{=mediawiki} Arae and abbreviated Nu`{{sup|1}}`{=mediawiki} Ara or ν`{{sup|1}}`{=mediawiki} Ara. This is a variable star system, the brightness of which varies from magnitude 5.71 to 6.24, making it faintly visible to the naked eye under good observing conditions. Based upon an annual parallax shift of `{{val|2.52|ul=mas}}`{=mediawiki}, this system is at a distance of approximately 1290 ly from Earth. The system is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −4 km/s.
In 1930, Ferdinand Johannes Neubauer found that the star (usually called Boss 4496 at the time) is a spectroscopic binary. He did not detect any brightness variability. Eclipses were first reported by E. Schoeffel and U. Kohler in 1965. The period they reported is 1/2 the currently accepted value, because they did not realize that the light curve has a deep secondary minimum. In 1996, the secondary component was found to be a slowly pulsating B-type star (SPB) with periods of periods of 1.36, 1.78 and possibly 1.08 days.
The core members of this system, ν`{{sup|1}}`{=mediawiki} Ara AB, consist of a pair of B-type main-sequence stars in a detached orbit with a period of 3.169 days and an eccentricity of 0.055. Their respective stellar classifications are B2 V and B3 V, and they have a combined visual magnitude of 5.65. Because the orbital plane lies close to the line of sight from the Earth, this pair form a detached eclipsing binary of the Algol type. The eclipse of the primary causes a decrease of 0.52 in magnitude, while the secondary eclipse decreases the magnitude by 0.43.
At an angular separation of 12.34 arcseconds, is a possible tertiary component of this system; a magnitude 9.40 A-type main-sequence star with a classification of A1 V. A 2005 study of the orbit of the main pair demonstrated an apsidal motion, suggesting the influence of a third body. The initial estimate found an orbital period of `{{val|42.3|0.8|u=years}}`{=mediawiki} and a mass of `{{val|1.63|ul=Solar mass}}`{=mediawiki}. In 2022, a more refined study suggested the influence of two stellar objects with masses of `{{val|0.41|u=solar mass}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{val|1.74|u=solar mass}}`{=mediawiki}.
The system is sometimes referred as **Upsilon`{{sup|1}}`{=mediawiki} Arae** (υ`{{sup|1}}`{=mediawiki} Arae), and more generally unlettered
| 663 |
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| 0 |
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# Nu2 Arae
`| u-b = `\
`| variable = `
}} `{{Starbox astrometry
| radial_v = {{val|+18.8|1.2}}<ref name=al32_11_759/>
| prop_mo_ra = +14.823
| prop_mo_dec = +0.415
| pm_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR3/>
| parallax = 5.7871
| p_error = 0.0418
| parallax_footnote = <ref name=GaiaDR3/>
| absmag_v = +0.14<ref name=Anderson2012/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox detail
| mass = 2.4{{±|0.3}}`{=mediawiki}
`| radius = 3.9{{±|0.1}}`\
`| luminosity = 117{{±|9}}`\
`| temperature = 9,586{{±|194}}`\
`| gravity = 3.64{{±|0.06}}`\
`| metal_fe = `\
`| rotational_velocity = `\
`| age_myr = `
}} `{{Starbox catalog
| names= {{odlist| B=ν<sup>2</sup> Arae | CD=−53°7430 | HD=161917 | HIP=87379 | HR=6632 | SAO=245072 | GC=24208 | PPM=346364 | TIC=397039557 }}<ref name=SIMBAD/>
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox reference
| Simbad=HIP+87379
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Starbox end}}`{=mediawiki}
**Nu^2^ Arae** is a star in the southern constellation of Ara. Its name is a Bayer designation that is Latinized from ν^2^ Arae, and abbreviated Nu^2^ Ara or ν^2^ Ara. This star is faintly visible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 6.10. Based on parallax measurements, it is located at a distance of approximately 564 ly from the Earth. It is drifting further away from the Sun with a radial velocity of +19 km/s.
The stellar classification of B9.5 III-IV shows this to be a B-type star with a spectrum that displays features of both the subgiant and giant star stages. Stellar models predict this is a main sequence (dwarf) star with 2.4 times the mass of the Sun and 3.9 times the Sun\'s radius. It is radiating 117 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 9,586 K.
The star is sometimes referred as **Upsilon^2^ Arae** (υ^2^ Arae)
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# Garry Hobbs
**Garry Hobbs** is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera *EastEnders*, played by Ricky Groves. He made his first appearance on 18 September 2000, alongside the Slater family. It was announced on 26 March 2009 that Groves and co-star Kara Tointon, who played Dawn Swann, would be written out of the soap, and he made his final regular appearance on 27 August 2009 after nearly nine years on the show. Garry made an unannounced return on 12 February 2025 with Minty Peterson (Cliff Parisi) who attended Billy (Perry Fenwick) and Honey Mitchell's (Emma Barton) joint \'sten\' do.
## Creation and development {#creation_and_development}
Garry was played by Ricky Groves. introduced in 2000 as part of the new Slater family, a replacement for the di Marco family. The Slaters were said to cause ructions among the already-established characters. Garry was described as having \"a roving eye\".
## Storylines
Garry comes to Walford on 18 September 2000 on the day of Ethel Skinner\'s Funeral, along with his girlfriend Lynne Slater (Elaine Lordan) and her family. Thinking himself a big hit with the ladies, Garry flirts with numerous women and is unwilling to settle down. Eventually he and Lynne get engaged and, on 7 December 2001, marry despite Beppe di Marco (Michael Greco) trying to stop the wedding. Beppe declares his love for Lynne but she marries Garry.
He finds work as a mechanic and lives with the Slaters. However, Lynne has an affair with her ex-fiancé, Jason James (Joseph Millson). The couple pull through and decide to try for a baby. In November 2002, Garry has a drunken one-night stand with Laura Beale (Hannah Waterman) and is stunned on Christmas Day when she tells him that she is expecting his baby.
Her husband Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt) throws her out, assuming she has been unfaithful so Lynne takes pity on Laura and allows her to stay, much to Garry\'s horror, until Ian tells her that Garry is the father of Laura\'s baby. Lynne is distraught but eventually forgives Garry. However, the couple separate in July 2003 after Garry misses a date with Lynne to support Laura during labour. After being thrown out by the Slaters, Garry and Laura lived together, naming their son Bobby (Alex Francis), in honour of Garry\'s favourite footballer Bobby Moore. When Bobby needed a blood transfusion, Laura discovered that Ian was in fact Bobby\'s father, as Garry\'s blood group was incompatible. On returning from hospital, Laura tried to get Ian interested in Bobby but when he refused to have anything to do with her or baby Bobby, she kept quiet about Bobby\'s paternity, because she wanted him to have a father.
Garry and Laura\'s relationship didn\'t last as he was still in love with Lynne and they eventually reconciled after Garry had a fling with Lynne\'s sister Belinda Peacock (Leanne Lakey) in November 2003, making Lynne realise that she still loved Garry. Lynne later became pregnant with his child.
After Laura\'s death on 30 April 2004, Bobby moved in with Garry and Lynne. Lynne struggled to accept him but was relieved when Pat Evans (Pam St. Clement) revealed that Ian was Bobby\'s father after finding Bobby\'s birth certificate. Garry was persuaded to give Bobby to Ian, devastating him; further upset occurred in July 2004, when Lynne, unconscious after a fairground accident, needed an emergency caesarean.
Lynne survived but their daughter, Vivienne, was stillborn. Unable to forgive Garry for allowing the operation, she left Walford after Vivienne\'s funeral. Devastated, Garry tried to commit suicide but was saved by Minty Peterson (Cliff Parisi). Garry moves in with Minty and they become good friends, surviving Garry\'s dislike of Minty\'s girlfriends\...and Minty\'s brief engagement to Hazel (Kika Mirylees) - Garry\'s mother.
In November 2004, Garry is shocked when Lynne's teenage cousin Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner) moves in with the Slaters and seduces him by kissing him on the lips, just as Lynne's father Charlie (Derek Martin) walks in.
Garry becomes infatuated with Dawn Swann (Kara Tointon), but his attempts to make her notice him are rebuffed. Dawn dates other men and uses Garry\'s generosity on various occasions. Garry supports Dawn after the death of her fiancé, Jase Dyer (Stephen Lord), and, believing she has romantic feelings for him, proposes.
When Dawn refuses, he storms off, terrifying the locals when his car is found at a popular suicide spot. Fearing Garry has killed himself, Dawn realises her true feelings for him and tells a crowded Queen Vic that she loves him, only for Garry to enter and overhear. Despite her initial shock, Dawn and Garry begin dating, eventually becoming engaged but in July 2009, Dawn has an affair with Garry\'s boss, Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).
Minty finds out and tells Garry, who punches Phil and decides to leave Walford on his and Dawn\'s wedding day. He goes to a canal and boards the boat he and Minty have been keeping and, as he is sailing away, Dawn arrives and runs alongside, telling him how much she loves him. He docks the boat, letting Dawn and her daughter, Summer, onboard and they sail away together on 27 August 2009.
Garry returns to Walford with Minty in February 2025, when both arrive at Billy and Honey Mitchell\'s (Emma Barton) joint stendo. He lies that he is a football broadcaster with some wealth, however, Minty reveals that he is now a bingo caller. Minty also reveals that Dawn has broken up with Garry after a few years of travelling together, wanting a more stable life for her and Summer, and that Garry has since moved in with Minty and his new wife.
## Reception
For his role as Garry, Groves was nominated for \"Funniest Performance\" at the 2007 *Inside Soap* Awards. In September 2012, *Inside Soap* named Dawn and Garry\'s exit as their number 4 happy ending, \"When Dawn said she\'d marry Garry, we suspected it was only because of a shared obsession with having a needless double in their names. (Frankly, she could do a lot better.) But off they chugged along the Grand Union Canal to a happy future -- Garry and Dawn smiling, Summer cheerfully picking her nose. We\'d like to think they\'re still together. But it\'s a long shot.\" In 2020, Sara Wallis and Ian Hyland from The *Daily Mirror* placed Garry 81st on their ranked list of the best *EastEnders* characters of all time, calling him \"Luckless\" and \"one of life\'s chancers\" that received his \"happy ever after\" with Dawn
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# Ricky Groves
**Richard Groves** (born 23 April 1968) is an English actor best known for playing Garry Hobbs in *EastEnders* from 2000 to 2009, before making a brief return in 2025. Before his role in *EastEnders* he appeared in the series *Burnside*, a spin-off from *The Bill*. He trained at The Poor School in London.
## Career
Groves joined the cast of the BBC soap opera *EastEnders* as Garry Hobbs, the boyfriend of Lynne Slater, a member of the newly introduced Slater family. He left the show in August 2009 alongside Dawn Swann. Groves took part in TV series *Celebrity Coach Trip* partnered with friend and co-star Alex Ferns.
In 2009, Groves took part in the seventh series of *Strictly Come Dancing*. In 2014, Groves took part in the second series of Splash\'\' on ITV.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Groves became engaged in 2005 to girlfriend and *EastEnders* co-star Hannah Waterman who played Laura Beale. The pair married in a ceremony on 2 September 2006, in a country church on Dartmoor. In January 2010, it was announced that Groves and Waterman, were to separate after 3½ years of marriage.
He is a supporter of Leyton Orient, Groves has also talked of his love of gardening shows on television, and partook in a gardening trivia quiz when he was interviewed by Tony Livesey on Five Live in October 2010
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# Theo Walcott
**Theo James Walcott** (born 16 March 1989) is an English former professional footballer who played as a forward. He represented England at the 2006 World Cup and Euro 2012 and won 47 caps, scoring eight goals. Walcott currently appears as a club ambassador for Arsenal and as a contributor for Sky Sports.
Walcott is a product of the Southampton Academy and started his career with Southampton before joining Arsenal for £5 million in 2006. His speedy pace and ball crossing led his manager Arsène Wenger to deploy him on the wing for most of his career. Walcott has been played as a striker since the 2012--13 season when he was Arsenal\'s top scorer, and he has scored more than 100 goals for the club.
On 30 May 2006, Walcott became England\'s youngest-ever senior football player, aged 17 years and 75 days. In December, he received the BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year award. On 6 September 2008, he made his first competitive start in a World Cup qualifier against Andorra, and in the following match against Croatia on 10 September he opened his senior international goals tally and became the youngest player in history to score a hat-trick for England.
## Early life {#early_life}
Walcott was born to a black British Jamaican father and a white English mother. He was born in Stanmore, London, but grew up in Compton, Berkshire. He attended Compton Church of England Primary School and The Downs School. He grew up as a Liverpool fan due to his father\'s support of Liverpool. When Chelsea asked him to be a ball boy, he used the opportunity to meet his Liverpool idols:
> \"I was playing in a tournament for Swindon when Southampton and Chelsea showed an interest. Chelsea invited me to be a ball-boy for a match against Liverpool and it was fantastic to meet my heroes Michael Owen and Robbie Fowler. I was a Liverpool fan simply because my dad followed them. Unfortunately I wasn\'t born when the team had their golden era, but I enjoyed watching the likes of Michael Owen, Robbie Fowler and Steve McManaman when I was growing up. When Liverpool won the Champions League last year, I went mad. I was shouting so loud I think I woke up the entire village where I live!\"
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# Theo Walcott
## Club career {#club_career}
### Early career {#early_career}
As a child Walcott started playing football for his local village team and later for nearby Newbury. He scored more than 100 goals in his one and only season for Newbury, before leaving there for Swindon Town. He spent only six months there before leaving for Southampton after he rejected a chance to join Chelsea. Nike agreed to a sponsorship deal with Walcott when he was fourteen years old.
### Southampton
In the 2004--05 season, Walcott starred in the Southampton youth team that reached the final of the FA Youth Cup against Ipswich Town. In addition he became the youngest person to play in the Southampton reserve team, aged 15 years and 175 days, when he came off the bench against Watford in September 2004. However, he did not play in the Premier League, and Southampton were relegated to the Championship at the end of the 2004--05 season.
Before the start of the 2005--06 season, Walcott linked up with the first-team\'s tour of Scotland, just two weeks after leaving school. He became the youngest-ever player with the Southampton first team, at 16 years and 143 days, after coming on as a substitute in Southampton\'s 0--0 draw at home to Wolverhampton Wanderers in the Championship.
Walcott made his full first-team debut away to Leeds United on 18 October 2005, and became Southampton\'s youngest senior goalscorer after 25 minutes of the 2--1 defeat. He scored again away at Millwall four days later, and yet again in his full home debut against Stoke City the following Saturday. His rapid rise to fame also led him to be named amongst the top three finalists for the prestigious BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year award on 11 December 2005.
### Arsenal
Walcott transferred to Arsenal on 20 January 2006, for a fee of £5 million, rising to £12 million depending on appearances for club and country. The original fee, payable by instalments reported in *The Times* as £5 million down, five increments of £1 million to be paid after each set of ten Premier League appearances, and £2 million in \"bonus payments\", was revised down to £9.1 million in a compromise settlement agreed in March 2008. Walcott initially joined as a scholar, having agreed to sign a professional contract on his 17th birthday on 16 March 2006. In September 2008, manager Arsène Wenger confirmed that Tottenham Hotspur, Chelsea and Liverpool had all been interested in signing him.
#### 2006--07 season
Walcott made his Premier League debut on 19 August 2006, the first day of the 2006--07 season, coming on as a substitute against Aston Villa and setting up a goal for Gilberto Silva. His next appearance was four days later in the Champions League, in the second leg of Arsenal\'s third qualifying round match against Dinamo Zagreb; he became the youngest-ever Arsenal player to appear in European competition, a record since beaten by Jack Wilshere. Within minutes of coming on, Walcott received his first yellow card in Arsenal colours for taking a shot several seconds after the referee had already blown for offside. During stoppage time, his cross beat the Dinamo defence and Mathieu Flamini scored, giving Arsenal a 2--1 win, their first in the new Emirates Stadium, and giving Walcott his second assist in two substitute appearances. His first start came in a home league match against Watford on 14 October 2006. Walcott\'s exploits with Arsenal and England earned him the BBC Young Sports Personality of the Year award at the end of 2006.
Walcott\'s first goal for Arsenal came in the 2007 League Cup Final against Chelsea at the Millennium Stadium, Cardiff, on 25 February 2007. His 12th-minute strike was overshadowed by events later on in the match: John Terry was knocked unconscious, Didier Drogba scored twice to give Chelsea a 2--1 victory and three players were sent off following a mass brawl. A persistent shoulder injury limited his performance, and Arsène Wenger said that after the injury, \"he was 50 per cent of what he was before.\"
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# Theo Walcott
## Club career {#club_career}
### Arsenal
#### 2007--2010
Walcott\'s first home goals of the 2007--08 season were scored in a Champions League match against Slavia Prague, which Arsenal won 7--0; he also set up a goal for Cesc Fàbregas. Walcott scored his first two Premier League goals in a 2--2 draw with Birmingham City at St Andrew\'s on 23 February 2008. In the Champions League quarter-final on 8 April, Walcott \"beat six Liverpool defenders during a magical run from inside his own half before squaring for \[Emmanuel\] Adebayor to sidefoot home\" for a late equaliser, but Liverpool scored twice more to take the match 4--2 and the tie 5--3 on aggregate. A couple of weeks later, Wenger claimed that Walcott had made the shift from boy to man, but was not yet a monster. He finished the season with seven goals in all competitions and four in the league.
For the 2008--09 season, Walcott changed his shirt number from 32 to 14, as previously worn by his idol, Thierry Henry. He had wanted number 8, but that had already been taken by Samir Nasri. He established himself as a first-team regular, starting many matches on the right of midfield or on the wing. On 18 October, Walcott scored his first Premier League goal of the season, Arsenal\'s third as they came back from 1--0 down to beat Everton 3--1. Three days later, he scored Arsenal\'s second in a 5--2 win away to Fenerbahçe in the 2008--09 Champions League, rounding the goalkeeper before finishing from a tight angle.
Walcott dislocated his right shoulder in November while training with England for a friendly against Germany. He underwent surgery to correct a hereditary weakness, and returned to action in March, but at the end of the season he still felt that it was hampering his performance. In April 2009, he scored against Wigan Athletic, before, four days later in the Champions League quarter-final second leg, he gave his team a 10th-minute lead against Villarreal after receiving a pass from Fàbregas and flicking the ball over the goalkeeper. Arsenal won 4--1 on aggregate.
In the next match, an FA Cup semi-final against Chelsea, Walcott put Arsenal ahead in the first half, although they eventually lost 2--1. Three days later, Walcott came off to the bench to run half the length of the field before squaring for Andrey Arshavin to put Arsenal 4--3 up against Liverpool in the 90th minute; the match finished 4--4. In May 2009 he signed a new long-term contract with Arsenal.
Walcott\'s 2009--10 season was marred by injury: he made only 15 starts in all competitions. Problems with lower back, knee and hamstring meant he did not play a full 90 minutes until 9 December, against Olympiacos in the Champions League, as Arsenal, already qualified for the knockout stages, fielded the youngest team ever to start a match in that competition. On 6 March 2010, Walcott scored his second goal of the season against Burnley in a 3--1 victory to give Arsenal a decisive lead, with a left-footed effort from the edge of the box, after cutting inside from the right flank.
For the first hour of the Champions League quarter-final first leg, Arsenal were outclassed by Barcelona, although only two goals behind. Walcott\'s appearance off the bench was the turning point. He scored within three minutes of entering the match, \"brought speed and fearlessness to the hosts\' attacks\", and was involved in the move that led to Fàbregas\' equaliser from the penalty spot. After much debate, Wenger reacted to Walcott\'s performance by starting him in the second leg. According to BBC Sport\'s match report, Barcelona manager Pep Guardiola \"anticipated his inclusion by bringing in the pacy Eric Abidal\" to mark him, and Walcott\'s main contribution was to set up Nicklas Bendtner\'s opening goal in a 4--1 defeat.
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# Theo Walcott
## Club career {#club_career}
### Arsenal
#### 2010--2013 {#section_1}
Walcott\'s start to the 2010--11 season was particularly successful, winning Arsenal\'s Player of the Month vote in August by a landslide. In the second match of the new Premier League season, Walcott scored the first hat-trick of his club career as Arsenal beat newly promoted Blackpool 6--0. On 27 December 2010, he scored a goal and made an assist to help beat Chelsea 3--1 in what Arsène Wenger dubbed a \"must-win\" match.
Interviewed after Arsenal\'s FA Cup third-round tie against Leeds United in January 2011, Walcott admitted diving in the last minute of the match in an unsuccessful attempt to win a penalty kick. He was fouled soon afterward, legitimately winning a penalty which was converted by Fàbregas to secure a draw and a replay of the fixture`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}which Arsenal won. On 21 February, during the 1--0 victory against Stoke City, Walcott caught his studs in the turf, sustaining an ankle injury that ruled him out of the League Cup final and the Champions League last-16 second leg against Barcelona. On the last day of the season, he came off the bench to score the equaliser in a 2--2 draw away to Fulham, and ended up with a then career high of 9 goals in the Premier League and 13 in all competitions.
On 16 August, Walcott scored his first goal of the season in the first leg of a Champions League qualifying match against Udinese, giving a vital 1--0 win to Arsenal to carry on into the second leg of the tie. Walcott scored again in the second leg as Arsenal came from behind to win 2--1 and 3--1 on aggregate which helped Arsenal secure qualification for the lucrative group stage of the competition for the 14th straight season. Walcott scored Arsenal\'s first goal in the 2011--12 Premier League campaign against Manchester United, though this was a mere consolation as Arsenal lost 8--2. He netted his fourth goal on 29 October in a 5--3 win at Chelsea where he picked up the ball on the wing, slipped, then got up and jinked past two Chelsea players before scoring.
Walcott scored his first goal of 2012 in the 3--2 defeat at Swansea City, chipping the ball over Swans goalkeeper Michel Vorm. On 4 February 2012, he was involved in the build-up for three goals in the 7--1 home victory against Blackburn Rovers, setting up two goals for Robin van Persie and one for Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain. On 26 February, Walcott scored two second-half goals against Tottenham Hotspur to help them win 5--2 after being 0--2 down in the North London derby. On 24 March, Walcott scored Arsenal\'s second goal in a 3--0 home win over Aston Villa before being substituted by Oxlade-Chamberlain in the 78th minute. An injury in a 0--0 draw with Chelsea on 21 April looked set to rule Walcott out for the rest of the season but he was able to return in a substitute appearance on the last day of the season in a 3--2 win for Arsenal over West Bromwich Albion.
On 15 September 2012, Walcott came on as a substitute for Gervinho and scored his first goal of the season in a 6--1 win over his former club Southampton. On 26 September, he scored twice in a 6--1 win against Coventry City in the League Cup. On 30 October, Walcott scored Arsenal\'s first goal in first half stoppage time and their fourth goal in second half stoppage time in a League Cup tie at Reading to help the club complete a comeback from 4--0 down to 4--4. Arsenal won 7--5 in extra time, in which Walcott completed his hat-trick and backed up his argument that he should be played as a striker. Former Gunner Niall Quinn praised Walcott\'s performance as incredible, in what he described as \"the most extraordinary game that I\'ve seen.\" This took him to five League Cup goals for the season, a total which would make him the top scorer in the 2012--13 competition. On 29 December, Walcott was deployed as a lone striker and scored his first Premier League hat-trick of the season and provided two assists in an emphatic 7--3 win over Newcastle United. One of Walcott\'s strikes against Newcastle was voted as the Goal of the Month for November on the BBC\'s *Match of the Day*. On 18 January 2013, Walcott ended speculation about his future when he signed a new three-and-a-half-year contract with Arsenal. Two days later Walcott scored Arsenal\'s only goal in a 2--1 defeat to Chelsea. This started a run of four successive matches in which he scored, with Walcott also scoring in a 5--1 win against West Ham United on 23 January, a 3--2 win against Brighton & Hove Albion in the FA Cup and a 2--2 draw at home to Liverpool. He scored his 20th goal of the season against Queens Park Rangers after just 20 seconds. The match ended 1--0 and Walcott\'s goal became the fastest goal of the Premier League that season. Walcott scored another goal in a 4--1 victory over Wigan Athletic which resulted in Wigan\'s relegation. Walcott finished the season with 14 goals and 12 assists from 32 Premier League matches and scoring 21 times with 16 assists in all competitions to be Arsenal\'s top scorer.
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