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7,126,377 |
Vasili Kuznetsov (decathlete)
|
**Vasili Dmitriyevich Kuznetsov** (*Василий Дмитриевич Кузнецов*, 7 February 1932 -- 6 August 2001) was a Soviet and Russian decathlete who won the European title in 1954, 1958 and 1962. He competed for the Soviet Union at the 1956, 1960 and 1964 Olympics and won bronze medals in 1956 and 1960, placing seventh in 1964.
Kuznetsov took up athletics in the late 1940s and won a record 10 national decathlon titles in 1953-60 and 1962--63. He set two decathlon world records: in May 1958, he was the first athlete to break the 8,000 points barrier on the 1952 scoring system, with 8,014 points (7,653 (1985)) in Krasnodar. He set his second world record in May 1959 at 8,357 (7,839 (1985)). He also held three pentathlon world records at 3,736 in 1956, 3,901 in 1958, and 4,006 in 1959. Kuznetsov retired after the 1964 Olympics to become an athletics coach and lecturer at the Moscow State University. In 1987 he was included into the list of 10 all-time best decathletes by the IAAF.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,387 |
Fröttstädt station
|
**Fröttstädt** is a railway station situated in Fröttstädt in the German state of Thuringia. It is situated on the Bebra to Erfurt main line, with another line branching off to Friedrichroda.
A unique feature of the station is its warm water supply - the water is provided by a nearby residential building, using surplus boiler capacity.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,434 |
Louis Bastien (cyclist)
|
**Eugène Louis Bastien** (26 October 1881 in Paris -- 13 August 1963) was a French racing cyclist and fencer who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century. He participated in Cycling at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the gold medal in the men\'s 25 kilometre race. He also competed in the individual épée event at the same games.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,454 |
Thomas Fonnereau
|
**Thomas Fonnereau** (27 October 1699, in London -- 20 March 1779) was a British merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1741 and 1779. Fonnrereau was the eldest son of Claude Fonnereau, a wealthy Huguenot merchant who had settled in Ipswich. He succeeded his father in 1740, inheriting his estates, which included Christchurch Mansion in Ipswich.
Returned for Sudbury in 1741, he continued to sit for that constituency until 1768, several of those years in conjunction with Thomas Walpole, a business connection. However, he retained interests in Suffolk and was a member of the Free British Fishery Society, as well as MP for the constituency of Aldeburgh at the end of his life, serving briefly alongside his brother, Zachary Philip Fonnereau.
He died unmarried in 1779 and was succeeded by his brother, Dr. Claudius Fonnereau (1701--1785).
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,458 |
Bernard Jungmann
|
**Bernard Jungmann** was a German Catholic dogmatic theologian and ecclesiastical historian.
## Biography
He was born at Münster in Westphalia on 1 March 1833; died at Leuven (Louvain), 12 January 1895. He belonged to an intensely Catholic family of Westphalia; like him, two of his brothers entered the Catholic clergy, one joining the Society of Jesus and the other becoming a missionary in the United States. After finishing his studies with brilliant success at the public schools of his native town, he entered the German College at Rome through the mediation of the bishop\'s secretary, afterwards Cardinal Melchers, and made his philosophical and theological studies in the Gregorian College. In 1854 he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy; he was ordained priest in Rome on 8 June 1857, and two years later received the degree of Doctor of Theology.
He then returned to Germany, and worked for a short time as chaplain in the church of St. Adelgunde at Emmerich. Malou, bishop of Bruges, in Rome in 1854 when Jungmann made his public defence of the philosophical theses, called him in September, 1861, to the chair of philosophy in the Minor Seminary, Roeselare. Four years later (1865) he became professor of theology in the Major Seminary, Bruges. Even at Roeselare, while performing his duties as teacher, he began that literary activity, which was thenceforth ever associated with his professorial duties.
His appointment to the chair of ecclesiastical history at Leuven University, in succession to G. Henry Wouters, opened in 1871 a wider field for his great ability. A keen intellect with powers of clear exposition, joined to the spirited delivery which distinguished his lectures, ensured him great success. He enlarged the field of ecclesiastico-historical studies by delivering special lectures on patrology, and establishing in 1890 a seminary for ecclesiastical history, in which students were to receive a scientific and methodical training in original historical research.
Jungmann remained to the end of his life a professor at Leuven, declining the honour of a call to be professor of dogmatic theology in the newly founded Catholic University at Washington. He was seized with a fit of apoplexy at the burial of a colleague, and died at Leuven in 1895.
## Works
His activity as a writer was equal to his energy as a lecturer. As professor of philosophy he wrote \"Demonstratio christiana. I. Demonstrationis christianæ præambula philosophica\" (Roeselare, 1864; 2nd ed., 1867).
In the domain of theology he wrote his \"Institutiones theologiæ dogmaticæ specialis\" in five tracts, widely used and much appreciated for their clear style: \"De Gratia\" (Bruges, 1866; 5th ed., Ratisbon, 1882); \"De Deo uno et trino\" (Bruges, 1867; 4th ed., Ratisbon, 1882); \"De Deo Creatore\" (Bruges, 1868; 4th ed., Ratisbon, 1883); \"De Verbo incarnato\" (Bruges, 1869; 4th ed., Ratisbon, 1884); \"De quattuor novissimis\" (Ratisbon, 1871; 3rd ed., 1885). He wrote also the \"Institutiones theologiæ dogmaticæ generalis\" (Bruges, 1871; 4th ed., Ratisbon, 1886).
In church history he first re-edited Wouter\'s \"Historiæ ecclesiasticæ compendium\" (3 volumes, Louvain, 1879), and later published special studies, particularly on theological controversies and on the papacy: \"Dissertationes selectæ in historiam ecclesiasticam\" (5 volumes, Ratisbon, 1880).
In patrology, he issued Josef Fessler\'s *Institutiones Patrologiæ* in a new and much enlarged edition (2 volumes, Innsbruck, 1890, 1892, 1896).
He contributed numerous articles to German and French journals, particularly worthy of mention being: \"Die neue französische Fortschrittsphilosophie\" in the \"Katholik\" (Mainz, 1865); \"Die hl. Märtyrer von Gorkum\", ibid. (1867); \"Clemens V. und die Aufhebung des Templerordens\" in the *\[\[Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie\]\]* (Innsbruck, 1881); \"Le caractère moral de Luther\" in \"La Controverse\" (1883).
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,471 |
List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to Romania
|
The **Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Romania** is the United Kingdom\'s foremost diplomatic representative in Romania, and head of the UK\'s diplomatic mission in Romania. The official title is ***His Britannic Majesty\'s Ambassador to Romania***.
## Heads of mission {#heads_of_mission}
Consul-General to Wallachia and Moldavia
- 1813--1826?: William Wilkinson *(consul appointed by the Levant Company*
- 1826--1834: E.L. Blutte
- 1834--1858: Robert G. Colquhoun
- 1859--1874: John Green
- 1874--1876: Hon. Hussey Vivian
- 1876--1878: Charles Mansfield
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
- 1880--1886: Sir William White
- 1887--1892: Sir Frank Lascelles
- 1892--1894: Sir John Walsham, 2nd Baronet
- 1894--1897: Sir Hugh Wyndham
- 1897--1905: John Kennedy
- 1906--1910: Conyngham Greene
- 1911--1912: Walter Townley
- 1912--1920: Sir George Barclay
- 1920--1926: Sir Herbert Dering
- 1926--1929: Robert Greg
- 1929--1935: Michael Palairet
- 1935--1941: Sir Reginald Hoare
- 1941--1946: *No representation due to World War II*
- 1947--1948: Adrian Holman
- 1949--1951: Walter Roberts
- 1951--1954: William Sullivan
- 1954--1956: Dermot MacDermot
- 1956--1959: Alan Dudley
- 1959--1961: David Scott Fox
- 1961--1963: Dalton Murray
Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
- 1963--1965: Dalton Murray
- 1965--1967: Leslie Glass
- 1967--1968: Sir John Chadwick
- 1969--1971: Denis Laskey
- 1972--1975: Derick Ashe
- 1975--1977: Jeffrey Petersen
- 1977--1979: Reginald Secondé
- 1980--1983: Paul Holmer
- 1983--1986: Philip McKearney
- 1986--1989: Hugh Arbuthnott
- 1989--1992: Michael Atkinson
- 1992--1996: Andrew Bache
- 1996--2000: Christopher Crabbie
- 2000--2002: Richard Ralph
- 2002--2006: Quinton Quayle
- 2006--2010: Robin Barnett
- 2010--2014: Martin Harris
- 2014--2018: Paul Brummell
- 2018--2023: Andrew Noble
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- 2023--`{{As of|2024|1|5|alt=present}}`{=mediawiki}: Giles Portman
## Regional Consulates {#regional_consulates}
Consuls
- 1922--1924: Lionel Keyser (Consul for the Romanian Old Kingdom, Dobruja, and the portion of Bessarabia south of Orhei and Baltzi)
- 1924-?: Laurence Robinson (Consul-General for Bukowina, Bessarabia, the Romanian Old Kingdom and Dobrudja)
- 1922-?: Charles Goodwin (Consul for Transylvania, the Romanian Banat, Crișana and Maramureș)
- 1935--1939: Archibald Robertson (Consul for Transylvania, the Romanian Banat, Crișana and Maramureș)
- 1939-?: Norman Mayers (for Timiș, Olt, Bucegi, Mureș and Someș)
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7,126,479 |
Karen Platt
|
**Karen Platt** is a British gardening author and publisher, best known for the reference book *Black Magic and Purple Passion*. She started her writing career in 1996 by self-publishing her first book, *The Seed Search*. She has been on BBC television, KATU, HGTV and BBC Radio several times. Her publications have been recommended by Alan Titchmarsh and others. Since 2001, much of her work has involved popularizing black plants; she founded the International Black Plant Society in 2002. Platt also runs a nursery called Black Plant Nursery.
## Selected works {#selected_works}
- *Black Magic and Purple Passion*, 2004, `{{ISBN|0-9545764-2-X}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Gold Fever*, 2004, `{{ISBN|0-9545764-1-1}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Seed Sowing and Growing Success*, 2003, `{{ISBN|0-9545764-0-3}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Silver Lining*, 2005, `{{ISBN|0-9545764-3-8}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Plant Names A-Z*, 1999, `{{ISBN|0-9528810-3-9}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Emeralds*, 2005, `{{ISBN|0-9545764-4-6}}`{=mediawiki}
- *The Seed Search 5th edition*, 2002, `{{ISBN|0-9528810-8-X}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Plant Synonyms*, 2006 `{{ISBN|0-9545764-5-4}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Lifestyle Gardening*, 2007 `{{ISBN|0-9545764-6-2}}`{=mediawiki}
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7,126,489 |
GoodThunder
|
**GoodThunder** was a psychedelic/progressive rock/hard rock band that formed in 1972 as James Cahoon Lindsay (vocals and percussion), John Desautels (drums), David Hanson (guitars and vocals), Bill Rhodes (bass), and Wayne Cook (keyboard). Other members include Fritz Richmond (engineering), Rick Rodrigues (cover art), Lorrie Sullivan (photography), and Robert Heimall (art direction). Not much is known about this band except the information you find on the back cover of their first and only album. If you don\'t listen to it, the only thing that stands out on this album is the fact that famous producer Paul A. Rothchild (who produced albums by The Doors, Janis Joplin, and Rush just to name a few) produced this album. Most of the core band went on to join AOR band L.A. Jets, then most of L.A. Jets went on to record under the name 1994. Both L.A. Jets and 1994 included GoodThunder members John Desautels, Bill Rhodes, Terry Linvill, and included singer/songwriter Karen Lawrence. Wayne Cook went on to play keyboards with Steppenwolf and co-wrote the instrumental \"Lip Service\" from the Skullduggery album. Wayne Cook also played keyboards with Player on their first two albums, he filled in as keyboardist for Alice Cooper for a few shows, but was never a permanent member.
The song \"Sentries\" is notable for beginning with a few notes from a caliope.
## Discography
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
GoodThunder released their self-titled debut album in 1972. They broke up after the album was released. The original vinyl included a lyric sheet.
#### Track listing {#track_listing}
**Side One**
1. I Can\'t Get Thru To You (Cook, Lindsay) - 3:18
2. For A Breath (Foster, Desautels, Foster) - 5:35
3. Moonship (Cook, Phifer, Lindsay, Cook) - 2:46
4. Home Again (Hanson, Lindsay, Hanson) - 6:48
**Side Two**
1. Sentries (Hanson, Lindsay, Linvill) - 2:36
2. P.O.W. (Hanson, Desautels) - 6:50
3. Rollin Up My Mind (Cook) - 4:11
4. Barking At The Ants (Hanson) - 6:39
#### Personnel
- James Cahoon Lindsay -- lead vocals/percussion
- John Desautels -- drums
- David Hanson -- guitars/vocals
- Bill Rhodes -- bass guitar
- Wayne Cook -- keyboards
#### Production
- Paul A. Rothchild -- producer
- Fritz Richmond -- engineering
### Various artist compilations {#various_artist_compilations}
- *New Magic in a Dusty World* -- 1971, includes Sentries
- *Elektra September Releases* -- 1972, includes Sentries and Moonship
- *Forever Changing: The Golden Age of Elektra Records 1963-1973* -- 2007, includes P.O.W
### Singles
- \"Sentries\" b/w \"Moonship\" -- 1971
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7,126,493 |
Bryan Burk
|
Brian Burke}} `{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2013}}`{=mediawiki}
**Bryan Burk** (born December 30, 1968) is an American film and television producer.
He is mostly known for producing movies in collaboration with J. J. Abrams, including the *Star Trek* reboot series, the *Mission: Impossible* films *Ghost Protocol* and *Rogue Nation*, *Star Wars: The Force Awakens*, and the TV series *Alias*, *Lost*, *Fringe*, and *Person of Interest*. His only work outside of producing was co-writing the *Fringe* episode \"There\'s More Than One of Everything\".
## Career
Born to a Jewish family, Burk is a graduate of USC\'s School of Cinema-Television in 1991. He began his career working with producers Brad Weston at Columbia Pictures, Ned Tanen at Sony Pictures and John Davis at FOX. In 1995, he joined Gerber Pictures, where he developed TNT\'s Emmy-winning *James Dean*.
Together with J. J. Abrams, he founded the production company Bad Robot Productions in 2001. As Executive Vice President of the company, Burk serves as executive producer for all of their television and film productions.
In 2009, Burk co-wrote the story of the season one finale of *Fringe*, \"There\'s More Than One of Everything\", with Akiva Goldsman, while Jeff Pinkner and J. H. Wyman wrote the teleplay.
He frequently collaborates with a tightly knit group of film professionals which include J. J. Abrams, Damon Lindelof, Adam Horowitz, Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci, Edward Kitsis, Andre Nemec, Josh Appelbaum, and Jeff Pinkner.
## Filmography
### Feature films {#feature_films}
**Producer** `{{colbegin|colwidth=22em}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Cloverfield* (2008)
- *Morning Glory* (2010)
- *Super 8* (2011)
- *Mission: Impossible -- Ghost Protocol* (2011)
- *Star Trek Into Darkness* (2013)
- *Mission: Impossible -- Rogue Nation* (2015)
- *Star Wars: The Force Awakens* (2015)
- *10 Cloverfield Lane* (2016)
- *Star Trek Beyond* (2016)
**Executive producer** `{{colbegin|colwidth=22em}}`{=mediawiki}
- *Star Trek* (2009)
- *Infinitely Polar Bear* (2014)
### Television
**Executive producer**
Year Title Notes
------------ ---------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
2004--2010 *Lost*
2005 *The Catch* Pilot
2006--2007 *What About Brian*
*Six Degrees*
2008--2013 *Fringe* Also writer (Episode \"There\'s More Than One of Everything\")
2009 *Anatomy of Hope* Pilot
2010 *Undercovers*
2011--2016 *Person of Interest*
2012 *Alcatraz*
*Shelter* Pilot
2012--2014 *Revolution*
2013--2014 *Almost Human*
2014 *Believe*
2015 *Dead People* Pilot
2016 *11.22.63*
*Roadies*
2016--2022 *Westworld*
**Co-producer**
- *Alias* (2001--2006)
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7,126,531 |
Thutmose (prince)
|
**Thutmose** (*ḏḥwti-msi(.w)*) was the eldest son of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye, who lived during the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt.
## Early life {#early_life}
Thutmose died young and his death had an on-going impact. Although he was heir to the throne of his father Amenhotep III, his early death led to the reign of Akhenaten, his younger brother---as the successor to the Egyptian throne---and the intrigues of the century leading up to Ramesses II, the start and ultimately the failure of Atenism, the Amarna letters, and the changing roles of the kingdom\'s powers.
## Career
Prince Thutmose served as a high priest of Ptah in ancient Memphis. His full royal titles were \"*Crown Prince*, *Overseer of the Priests of Upper and Lower Egypt*, *High Priest of Ptah in Memphis* and *Sm-priest* (of Ptah).\"
He is known from a relatively small number of objects. A small schist statuette in the Louvre Museum shows the prince as a miller and another small schist statue in Berlin depicts him as a mummy lying on a bier. The miller statuette is inscribed on three sides with this text:
: *(right)*\...the king\'s son the sem-priest Djhutmose*; (left)*I am the servant of this noble god, his miller; *(front)* Incense for the Ennead of the western necropolis.
Prince Thutmose is best remembered for the limestone sarcophagus of his cat, *Ta-miu* (she-cat), now in the Cairo Museum. The cat sarcophagus of Prince Thutmose conclusively establishes that he was indeed the eldest son of Amenhotep III, since it provides his then current title of \'Crown Prince.\' Thutmose is also attested by a total of seven pairs of calcite and pottery vases in the Louvre in Paris.
## Death
Prince Thutmose disappears from the public records and appears to have died some time during the third decade of Amenhotep III\'s kingship, fairly late. In his place, his younger brother Amenhotep IV, later known as Akhenaten, succeeded to the throne.
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7,126,555 |
Funeral bundle
|
A **funeral bundle** is a method of enclosing a corpse before burial, practiced by the Paracas culture of the Peruvian Andes. The well-preserved funeral bundles of the Paracas have allowed archaeologists to study their funeral rituals in detail. Over 429 funeral bundles containing gift textiles, reams of plain cloth, and various ritual paraphernalia have been excavated from a necropolis at Cerro Colorado. These artifacts offer the largest source of pre-Columbian Andean textile arts known to date.
The naked body of the deceased is bundled in the fetal position before rigor mortis sets in. A long strip of coarse cotton cloth was then wrapped around the body. Along with the bodies, different kinds of memorabilia have been found, including clothing, food, scraps of cloth or clothed dolls with religious embroidered motifs, and small badges of gold, and these \"gifts\" form the nucleus of the bundle. Many fabrics interred with the dead were created for expressly for the funerary ritual, and were not worn during life. Also found in numerous burial sites were bodiless heads, wrapped in fine cloth, similar to those depicted in the borders of the textiles wrapping the body of the deceased.
In adult burials, one usually finds on this nucleus an additional layer, formed of pieces of ceremonial garments, decorated with embroideries and protected by several sheets of cotton fabric. These were cooked and tied with cord to facilitate the transportation of the bundle to the burial site. Facing the bundle, mourners would place between one and seven ceramic pieces. A pole or a cane indicated the precise place of the burial. Individuals of major status received more textile gifts and, in this case, the number of layers increased substantially: up to three successive layers could be added onto the nucleus. These layers, and in particular the last one, usually contained decorative embroidered cloaks.
The burials have a collective character, as it is thought that related individuals were generally buried together in the caverns dug in the rock or in the sand. In several cases, it has been determined that remains were transported and re-interred some years after death. Burial areas are located next to established living places. Often, an area that was inhabited earlier by the living, such as the ruins of houses and public buildings, were used for a necropolis.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,562 |
Turn Around, Look at Me
|
\"**Turn Around, Look at Me**\" is a song written by Jerry Capehart and Glen Campbell, though Campbell is not officially credited.
In 1961, Glen Campbell released his version as a single. This was his first song to achieve national success by means of two hit parades in the United States, hitting position No.62 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 hit parades and peaking at position No.15 on the Adult Contemporary hit parades. In Canada, this tune had reached No.9 in the CHUM Hit Parades. This version included session drummer Earl Palmer on drums.
## The Lettermen version {#the_lettermen_version}
In 1962, the Lettermen released their version as a single. It made it to No.5 on Billboard\'s Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, but the b-side of the single, \"How Is Julie?,\" became the bigger hit.
## Bee Gees version {#bee_gees_version}
In 1964, while Bee Gees were still in Australia, they released their take on the song which did not chart. It is also their fifth single, and was credited to \"Barry Gibb and the Bee Gees\". It was also included on the group\'s 1967 mop-up compilation *Turn Around, Look at Us* and the 1998 anthology of their Australian recordings *Brilliant from Birth*.
### Personnel
- Barry Gibb --- lead vocals
- Robin Gibb --- harmony and backing vocals
- Maurice Gibb --- harmony and backing vocals
- Uncredited musicians --- guitar, bass, drums, orchestra, chorus
## The Vogues\' version {#the_vogues_version}
In 1968, the Vogues released their remake as a single. This version was by far the most successful, reaching No.7 on the Hot 100 and No.3 on the Adult Contemporary chart. In 2019 it was used in a Volkswagen commercial.
### Chart history {#chart_history}
#### Weekly charts {#weekly_charts}
+-----------------------------------+----------+
| Chart (1968) | Peak\ |
| | position |
+===================================+==========+
| Australia KMR | 43 |
+-----------------------------------+----------+
| Canada *RPM* Top Singles | 5 |
+-----------------------------------+----------+
| US *Billboard* Hot 100 | 7 |
+-----------------------------------+----------+
| US *Billboard* Adult Contemporary | 3 |
+-----------------------------------+----------+
| US *Cash Box* Top 100 | 4 |
+-----------------------------------+----------+
#### Year-end charts {#year_end_charts}
Chart (1968) Rank
------------------------ ------
Canada 32
US *Billboard* Hot 100 24
US *Cash Box* 34
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7,126,593 |
Rogerson
|
**Rogerson** is a surname. Notable people with the surname:
- Adam Rogerson (born 1984), American soldier, one of twelve deputed to guard Saddam Hussein when captured
- Barnaby Rogerson (born 1960), British author, television presenter, and publisher
- Barry Rogerson (born 1936), British bishop
- Clark Thomas Rogerson (1918--2001), American mycologist
- Craig Rogerson (born 1965), Australian diver
- Cynthia Rogerson (born 1953), American writer
- Dan Rogerson (born 1975), British Liberal Democrat politician, (MP for North Cornwall, UK)
- George Rogerson (1896--1961), English cricketer
- Iain Rogerson (1960--2017), British actor
- Isabella Whiteford Rogerson (1835--1905), Irish-Canadian poet
- James Johnstone Rogerson (1820--1907), Canadian businessman and philanthropist
- John Rogerson (disambiguation), several people
- Logan Rogerson (born 1998), New Zealand footballer
- Nicole Rogerson (born 1974), Australian director and CEO of Autism Awareness Australia
- Philip Rogerson (born 1945), British businessman
- Pippa Rogerson, British solicitor and academic
- Ralph Rogerson (born 1937), former Australian rules footballer
- Richard Rogerson (fl. 1970s--2020s), American economist
- Robert Rogerson, American industrialist
- Roger Rogerson (1941--2024), Australian criminal and former police officer
- Ron Rogerson (1943--1987), American football coach
- Sean Rogerson (born 1977), Canadian actor and former photomodel
- Sydney Rogerson (1915--1993), British army staff sergeant
- Simon Rogerson (fl. 1980s--2020s), Europe\'s first Professor of Computer Ethics
- Tim Rogerson, American painter
- Tom Rogerson, British musician
- Wallace M. Rogerson (1880--1943), American exercise leader
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7,126,601 |
Mealticket
|
**Mealticket** was an American ska punk band, formed in the San Fernando Valley area of Southern California, United States, in late 1991. Although part of the larger third wave ska revival, Mealticket offered a unique sound thanks to its serious musicianship, complex compositions, and silky, jazz influenced female vocals.
## History
The band formed in 1991 in Van Nuys, California and consisted of members of the Van Nuys High School marching band. The members of the band in 1991 were Alfie Larreau (saxophone and vocals), Edwin Portillo (bass guitar) Bill Meadows (guitar), Richard Ferreria (Trombone), Derrick Conyers (Trumpet), Chris Taylor (Drums) and David Ferreria (keyboards and guitar).
After playing their first gig at the Natural Fudge Cafe in Los Angeles in 1991, the line-up went through some shifts as Edwin and Alfie left the band and David switched to bass.The band went through a number of singers before the band was joined by Genai Canale in 1992. The band often played shows at the Cobalt Cafe on Sherman Way in Canoga Park.
Mealticket began playing the Orange County ska scene regularly in 1994. That same year they released their debut CD *Misconceptions*. Influenced by the American punk rock scene, the band decided to release the album DIY on their own label \"Pork \'n Beans Records.\" Soon thereafter, the CD became a hit among the rapidly growing national ska scene.
In 1995, Mealticket went through another lineup change as Derrick and Chris left the band. They were replaced by Jim Cushnie on saxophone and Carlos De La Garza (formerly from the OC band Suburban Rhythm) on drums on the interim. Mealticket\'s next permanent drummer, Dennis Leipert, joined shortly thereafter. This new lineup recorded and released the second Mealticket CD *13 Apologies* in 1996.
In 1996, Mealticket changed guitar players. The new guitar player, Ricky Estrada, recorded the last Mealticket release *Lisa Marie*. Unlike the previous two releases, *Lisa Marie* was released by Asian Man Records.
The band\'s relationship with Asian Man Records also yielded a Japanese release *Superpositive*, a retrospective of the band\'s earlier releases. It was to be the band\'s last release. Mealticket disbanded in 1997 amicably.
## Discography
### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
**Year** **Title** **Label**
---------- ------------------ -----------------------------------
1994 *Misconceptions* Pork n Beans Records
1996 *13 Apologies* Pork n Beans Records
1998 *Super Positive* Tachyon Records (Japanese Import)
### EP\'s / 7\" vinyl releases {#eps_7_vinyl_releases}
+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| **Year** | **Title** | **Label** | **Tracks** |
+==========+====================+======================+=====================================================================+
| 1993 | *Appetizers - EP* | Pork n Beans Records | Side A: \"Looking Glass\"/\"Back Later\"/\"Defunct\"/\"Brass Man\"\ |
| | | | Side B: \"Bus Driver\"/\"Her\"/\"98\"/\"Mealticket\" |
+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1997 | *Lisa Marie - 7\"* | Asian Man Records | Side A: \"Lisa Marie\"\ |
| | | | Side B: \"Picture This\"/\"Parachute\" |
+----------+--------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
### Compilations
**Year** **Title** **Track**
---------- ------------------------------------------------ -----------------------
1994 *Blackpool Skampilation Vol II* \"Brass Man\" (live)
1994 *We Don\'t Skare (French Import)* \"Looking Glass\"
1994 *Step to it: Best of Ska Parade* \"Brass Man\"
1995 *Misfits of Ska* \"Neanderthal\"
1995 *Generic Skaca* \"Stale\"
1996 *Salad Bowl Theory* \"Bust of Instinct\"
1997 *California Ska-Quake, Vol. 2: The Aftershock* \"Bliss\"
1997 *Punk Goes Ska* \"No Message Here\"
1997 *Girls Go Ska* \"Worried ABout You\"
1997 *Ska Down Her Way* \"Super-Positive\"
1997 *Disc Makers Annual Top SoCal Acts* \"Better Half\"
1997 *Black, White & Red All Over - (Video Comp)* \"Live Performance\"
1998 *Punk Trash (Japanese Import)* \"Lisa Marie\"
## Pushover
Members of Mealticket went on to form the basis of Pushover. This band was also signed to Asian Man Records and release two albums.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,602 |
Henri Masson (fencer)
|
**Eugène Henri Masson** (17 January 1872 in Paris -- 17 January 1963 in Meudon) was a French fencer who competed in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
He participated in Fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the silver medal in the foil. He was defeated by fellow French fencer Émile Coste in the final.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,605 |
Frederick Barthelme
|
**Fredrick Barthelme** (born October 10, 1943) is an American novelist and short story writer of minimalist fiction. He is the director of the Center For Writers at The University of Southern Mississippi and editor of *New World Writing* (formerly *Blip Magazine*)
## Early life {#early_life}
Barthelme was born in Houston, Texas.
## Life and work {#life_and_work}
Barthelme was a founding member of the avant-garde experimental rock band the Red Krayola, and left the band to pursue writing and conceptual art in New York.
His writing focuses on the landscape of the New South. Along with being a minimalist, his work has also been described as \"dirty realism\" and \"Kmart realism\". He published his first short story in *The New Yorker.*
Barthelme was the editor of *Mississippi Review* for three years. He is the director of the Center For Writers at The University of Southern Mississippi and editor of *New World Writing* (formerly *Blip Magazine*).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
His brothers Donald Barthelme and Steven Barthelme are also writers.
## Publications
### Novels
- *War and War*, 1971.
- *Second Marriage* New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984.
- *Tracer* New York: Simon & Schuster, 1985.
- *Two Against One* New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988.
- *Natural Selection* New York: Viking, 1989.
- *The Brothers* New York: Viking, 1993.
- *Painted Desert* New York: Viking, 1995.
- *Bob the Gambler* Boston: Houghton-Mifflin, 1997.
- *Elroy Nights* Cambridge: Counterpoint, 2003.
- *Waveland* New York: Doubleday, 2009.
- *There Must Be Some Mistake* New York: Little Brown, 2014.
### Story collections {#story_collections}
- *Rangoon* 1970.
- *Moon Deluxe* Simon & Schuster, 1983.
- *Chroma* Simon & Schuster, 1987.
- *The Law of Averages: New & Selected Stories* Counterpoint, 2000.
- \"trip\" (text) photographs by Susan Lipper Powerhouse Books, 1998.
### Memoirs
- (With Steven Barthelme) *Double Down: Reflections on Gambling and Loss.* Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.
### Screenplays
- *Second Marriage* 1985.
- *Tracer* 1986.
## Awards
- 1976--77 Eliot Coleman Award for prose from Johns Hopkins University for his short story, \"Storyteller\"
- 1979, 1980 National Endowment for the Arts grant
- 2004 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction nomination for *Elroy Nights*
- 2010 Mississippi Institute of Arts and Letters fiction award for *Waveland*
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,606 |
Nordenham station
|
**Nordenham** (*Bahnhof Nordenham*) is a railway station located in Nordenham, Germany. The station is located on the Hude-Blexen railway. The train services are operated by NordWestBahn. The station has been part of the Bremen S-Bahn since December 2010.
The station is situated close to the Weser estuary, being the terminus for passenger traffic on the Nordenham to Bremen railway line. The line sees moderately dense through freight traffic to Nordenham-Blexen, where heavy industry is located.
## Train services {#train_services}
The following services currently call at the station:
- Bremen S-Bahn services `{{ric|Bremen S-Bahn|RS4}}`{=mediawiki} *Nordenham - Hude - Delmenhorst - Bremen*
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,608 |
Laut Gedacht
|
*Pandoc failed*: ```
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unexpected '{'
{{album chart|Austria|1|artist=Silbermond|album=Laut Gedacht|rowheader=true|accessdate=11 April 2017}}
^
```
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,609 |
G. Henry Wouters
|
**G. Henry Wouters** was a Flemish church historian who regarded ecclesiastical history as an auxiliary science to theology.
## Biography
He was born in Oostham in Belgian Limburg on 3 May 1802; died on 5 January 1872. In 1829 he became professor of moral theology, and later also of ecclesiastical history at the University of Liège.
At the reorganization of the University of Leuven in 1834 he became professor of ecclesiastical history to the faculty of theology, which post he filed until 1871. His successor at Leuven was Bernard Jungmann.
## Works
The first edition of his *Historiae ecclesiasticae compendium* appeared in three volumes (1842--43). In its time it had wide renown, and became a classical handbook in many countries.
It was supplemented by the *Dissertationes in selecta historiae ecclesiasticae capita*, four volumes (1868--72), which was to deal at greater length with controversial questions from the earliest times to the Council of Trent, but which stopped at the fourteenth century.
He drew his inspiration from Baronius, Antoine Pagi and Noel Alexandre.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,620 |
List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Chile
|
The **Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Chile** is the United Kingdom\'s foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of Chile, and head of the UK\'s diplomatic mission in Chile. The official title is ***His Britannic Majesty\'s Ambassador to Chile***.
## List of heads of mission {#list_of_heads_of_mission}
### Consul-General and Plenipotentiary {#consul_general_and_plenipotentiary}
- 1823--1837: Christopher Richard Nugent, Consul General
- 1837--1841: Colonel John Walpole
### Chargé d\'Affaires and Consul-General {#chargé_daffaires_and_consul_general}
- 1841--1849: Colonel John Walpole
- 1849--1852: Stephen Henry Sulivan
- 1853--1858: Edward Harris
- 1858--1872: William Taylour Thomson
### Minister Resident and Consul-General to the Republic of Chile {#minister_resident_and_consul_general_to_the_republic_of_chile}
- 1872--1878: Sir Horace Rumbold
- 1878--1885: Francis Pakenham
- 1885--1888: Hugh Fraser
- 1888--1897: John Kennedy
- 1897--1901: Audley Gosling
### Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Chile {#envoy_extraordinary_and_minister_plenipotentiary_to_the_republic_of_chile}
- 1901--1905: Gerard Lowther
- 1905--1907: Arthur Raikes
- 1907: Sir Brooke Boothby, Bt (appointed but did not take up post due to poor health)
- 1907--1909: Henry Bax-Ironside
- 1909--1913: Henry Lowther
- 1913--1918: Sir Francis Stronge
- 1918--1922: Tudor Vaughan
- 1923--1924: Sir Arthur Grant Duff
- 1924--1927: Sir Thomas Hohler
- 1928--1930: Archibald Clark Kerr
### Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Chile {#ambassador_extraordinary_and_plenipotentiary_to_the_republic_of_chile}
- 1930--1933: Sir Henry Chilton
- 1933--1936: Sir Robert Michell
- 1936: Sir Joseph Addison (appointed but did not proceed due to ill health)
- 1937--1940: Sir Charles Bentinck
- 1940--1945: Sir Charles Orde
- 1945--1949: Sir John Leche
- 1949--1951: Sir Bertrand Jerram
- 1951--1954: Charles Stirling
- 1955--1958: Sir Charles Empson
- 1958--1961: Ivor Pink
- 1961--1966: Sir David Scott Fox
- 1966--1970: Sir Frederick Mason
- 1970--1973: Sir David Hildyard
- 1973--1976: Reginald Secondé
- 1976--1980: (Ambassador withdrawn after torture of Sheila Cassidy)
- 1980--1982: John Heath
- 1982--1987: John Hickman
- 1987--1990: Alan White
- 1990--1993: Richard Neilson
- 1993--1997: Frank Wheeler
- 1997--2000: Glynne Evans
- 2000--2003: Gregory Faulkner
- 2003--2005: Richard Wilkinson
- 2005--2009: Howard Drake
- 2009--2014: Jon Benjamin
- 2014--2018: Fiona Clouder
- 2018--2021 Jamie Bowden
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- 2021--`{{As of|2021|3|?|alt=present}}`{=mediawiki}: Louise De Sousa
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,626 |
South Hams (UK Parliament constituency)
|
**South Hams** was a county constituency based on the South Hams district of Devon. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency was created for the 1983 general election, and abolished for the 1997 general election. The constituency covered a vast part of the English Riviera on the south Devon coast.
## History
This was a safe seat for the Conservative Party. During the fourteen years and three parliaments of its existence, it was held by a single member, Anthony Steen.
In the 1987 general election the well-known Labour MP and staunch republican Willie Hamilton contested the seat, finishing third.
## Boundaries
The District of South Hams wards of Avon and Harbourne, Avonleigh, Bickleigh and Shaugh, Brixton, Charterlands, Cornwood and Harford, Dart Valley, Dartington, Dartmouth Clifton, Dartmouth Hardness, Erme Valley, Garabrook, Ivybridge, Kingsbridge, Kingswear, Malborough, Marldon, Modbury, Newton and Noss, Salcombe, Saltstone, Skerries, South Brent, Sparkwell, Stoke Gabriel, Stokenham, Thurlestone, Totnes, Totnes Bridgetown, Ugborough, West Dart, Wembury, and Yealmpton, and the Borough of Torbay wards of Blatchcombe, Furzeham with Churston, and St Peter\'s with St Mary\'s.
The main towns of this South Devon constituency were Totnes and Ivybridge. It was divided in 1997 to form parts of the new constituencies of Totnes and Devon South West.
## Members of Parliament {#members_of_parliament}
Election Member
---------- ------ -----------------------------------------------------------
1983 Anthony Steen
1997 *constituency abolished: see Totnes and Devon South West*
## Elections
### Elections in the 1980s {#elections_in_the_1980s}
### Elections in the 1990s {#elections_in_the_1990s}
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,628 |
Marcel Boulenger
|
**Marcel Jacques Amand Romain Boulenger** (Paris, 9 September 1873 -- Chantilly, Oise, 21 May 1932) was a French novelist and fiction writer. He was awarded the Prix Nee of the Académie Française in 1918 and the Prix Stendhal in 1919. He was also a fencer of international standard, competing in the late 19th century and early 20th centuries.
## Writings
As an author he is primarily known for his pastiches and his many faux \"autobiographies\" of imaginary persons, for example the *Souvenirs du marquis de Floranges (1811-1834)* (1923), and *Le Duc de Morny, prince franc̦ais* (1925).
## Olympics
He competed in the fencing at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris and won the bronze medal in the foil, being defeated by fellow French fencer Henri Masson in the semi-final. Twelve years later he participated in the art competition at the Summer Olympics in Stockholm.
## Family
He was the brother of the journalist Jacques Boulenger.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,632 |
Digital Tape Format
|
**Digital Tape Format** is a magnetic tape data storage format developed by Sony. It uses a 1/2\" wide tape, in a cassette with two reels, which is written and read with a helical scan process. The format is described by the **ECMA 248** (adopted June 1998) and **ISO/IEC 15731** standards. There are two sizes of tape cassettes, \"S\" and \"L\".
## Generations
Generation DTF-1 DTF-2
--------------------- ------- -------
Release Date 1994 1999
\"S\" Capacity (GB) 12 60
\"L\" Capacity (GB) 42 200
Max Speed (MB/s) 12 24
Notes:
- Both used ALDC compression
- DTF-2 used Fibre Channel or SCSI interfaces
- The tape cassettes are similar to those of Sony Betacam.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,637 |
Brna
|
**Brna** is a village on the southern coast of the island of Korčula in western Croatia.
In the 19th century, Brna served as an overnight base for fishermen from nearby Smokvica, and had a pier that was used for the export of wine. During the 1970s, the village became populated with summer homes for Smokvica residents, and now caters to tourists with a hotel complex and numerous apartments.
To the northwest is the bay of Istruga, with deposits of therapeutic mud.
<File:Brna> gobeirne.JPG\|Brna is situated on a sheltered bay that opens to the south-west. <File:Sunny> Brna.jpg\|Brna center view on \"Mali\" and \"Veli\" Mol <File:Brna,1960.muleniblog.jpg%7CBrna> in the 1960s
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,642 |
List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Venezuela
|
The **Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Venezuela** is the United Kingdom\'s foremost diplomatic representative to Venezuela, and in charge of the UK\'s diplomatic mission in Venezuela. The official title is ***His Britannic Majesty\'s Ambassador to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela***.
## List of heads of mission {#list_of_heads_of_mission}
- 1825--1835: Sir Robert Ker Porter, Consul at Caracas
- 1835--1841: Sir Robert Ker Porter, Chargé d\'Affaires and Consul General
- 1841--1843: Sir Daniel Florence O\'Leary, Acting Consul General
- February 1858: Sir Philip Edmund Wodehouse, Special Mission to Caracas
### Chargé d\'Affaires and Consul-General to the Republic of Venezuela {#chargé_daffaires_and_consul_general_to_the_republic_of_venezuela}
- 1842--1858: Belford Hinton Wilson
- 1858--1864: Frederic Doveton Orme
- 1864--1865: Hon. Richard Edwardes
### Chargé d\'Affaires and Consul-General to the United States of Venezuela {#chargé_daffaires_and_consul_general_to_the_united_states_of_venezuela}
- 1865--1869: George Fagan
- 1869--1873: Robert Thomas Charles Middleton
### Minister Resident and Consul-General to the United States of Venezuela {#minister_resident_and_consul_general_to_the_united_states_of_venezuela}
- 1873--1878: Robert Thomas Charles Middleton
### Minister Resident to the United States of Venezuela {#minister_resident_to_the_united_states_of_venezuela}
- 1878--1881: Robert Bunch
- 1881--1884: Charles Edward Mansfield
### Minister Resident to the Republic of Venezuela {#minister_resident_to_the_republic_of_venezuela}
- 1884--1887: Frederick Robert St John
- 1887--1897: *Diplomatic relations severed over Essequibo territorial dispute*
### Minister Resident at Carácas {#minister_resident_at_carácas}
- 1897--1902: William Henry Doveton Haggard
- 1902--1907: Henry Bax-Ironside
- 1908--1911: Sir Vincent Edwin Henry Corbett
### Minister Resident to the United States of Venezuela {#minister_resident_to_the_united_states_of_venezuela_1}
- 1911--1913: Frederic Dundas Harford
### Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States of Venezuela {#envoy_extraordinary_and_minister_plenipotentiary_to_the_united_states_of_venezuela}
- 1913--1916: Frederic Dundas Harford
- 1916--1923: Henry Beaumont
- 1923--1925: Andrew Percy Bennett
- 1925--1926: William Seeds
- 1926--1932: William Edmund O\'Reilly
- 1932--1936: Edward Allis Keeling
- 1936--1939: Sir Ernest Frederick Gye
- 1939--1944: Donald St Clair Gainer
### Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Republic of Venezuela {#ambassador_extraordinary_and_plenipotentiary_to_the_republic_of_venezuela}
- 1944--1948: Sir George Ogilvie-Forbes
- 1948--1951: Sir John Magowan
- 1951--1955: Sir Robert Urquhart
- 1955--1961: John Walker
- 1961--1964: Sir Douglas Busk
- 1964--1969: Anthony Lincoln
- 1969--1973: Sir Donald Hopson
- 1973--1975: Sir Lees Mayall
- 1975--1979: Sir Jock Taylor
- 1979--1982: Reginald Secondé
- 1982--1985: Hugh Carless CMG
- 1985--1988: Michael Newington CMG
- 1988--1994: Giles FitzHerbert CMG
- 1994--1997: John Flynn CMG
- 1997--2000: Richard Wilkinson CVO
- 2000--2003: Dr John Hughes
- 2003--2006: Donald Lamont
- 2006--2007: Susan Jane Breeze, *chargé d\'affaires* from Dec 2006 until Jan 2007
- 2007--2010: Catherine Royle
- 2010--2014: Catherine Nettleton OBE
- 2014--2017: John Saville
- 2021--2023: Becks Buckingham OBE, *chargé d\'affaires*
- 2023--Present: Colin Dick MBE, *chargé d'affaires ad interim*
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,652 |
Northern pygmy owl
|
\| genus = Glaucidium \| species = californicum \| authority = Sclater, PL, 1857 \| synonyms = \| range_map = Glaucidium californicum map.svg \| range_map_caption = Distribution of northern pygmy owl `{{leftlegend|Indigo|Resident}}`{=mediawiki} }}
The **northern pygmy owl** (***Glaucidium californicum***) is a small owl native to western North America.
## Taxonomy
Some taxonomic authorities, including the International Ornithologists\' Union, separate this species from the mountain pygmy owl, the Baja pygmy owl, and the Guatemalan pygmy owl, while others, such as the American Ornithological Society, do not recognize the split and consider this bird conspecific with the group, with the northern pygmy owl taking the English name for them all. Furthermore, if the group is considered conspecific, *G. gnoma* becomes the scientific name because it is older. Clear differences in the territorial calls by males are the basis for the proposed split, with birds in the high elevations of Arizona and Mexico giving a two-note call while their more northerly congeners give a repeated single-note call. Results from DNA sequence comparisons of cytochrome-b have been weak and inconclusive despite being referenced repeatedly as a justification for taxonomic splitting.
### Subspecies
There are four recognized subspecies:
- *G. c. californicum* (PL Sclater, 1857) -- **Pacific pygmy owl** -- central British Columbia to southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
- *G. c. grinnelli* (Ridgway, 1914) -- **Coastal pygmy owl** -- coniferous forests of southeastern Alaska to northern California
- *G. c. pinicola* (Nelson, 1910) -- **Rocky Mountain pygmy owl** -- Rocky Mountains in west central United States
- *G. c. swarthi* (Grinnell, 1913) -- **Vancouver Island pygmy owl** -- Vancouver Island in British Columbia
## Description
Adults are 15--17 cm in overall length and are gray, brownish-gray or rufous in colour. This owl has a round white-spotted head, weakly defined facial disc, and dark upper breast, wings and tail, the latter quite long compared to other owls. The eyes are yellow and the bill is yellowish-green. The bird has two black nape spots outlined in white on the back of its head, which look like eyes. The mid to lower breast is white with darker vertical streaking. Legs are feathered down to the four well-armed toes on each foot.
## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat}
The northern pygmy owl is native to Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Their habitat includes temperate, subtropical and tropical moist forest, savanna, and wetlands.
In Oregon and Washington they are known to nest and forage in the center of dense, continuous forests, near streams. An example of their habitat is Forest Park in Portland, Oregon, USA. Their breeding habitat includes open to semi-open woodlands of foothills and mountains in western North America.
## Behavior
Males will regularly perch at the top of the tallest available conifer trees to issue their territorial call, making them somewhat ventriloquistic in sloped landscapes, and causing distress and confusion among observers on the ground hoping to get a glimpse. They are incredibly hard to spot because of their size and color.
### Breeding
They usually nest in a tree cavity and will often use old woodpecker holes. The female lays 2--7 eggs, typically 4--6. Nest tree species may include Douglas fir, western redcedar, western hemlock and red alder. Early in the breeding cycle males establish and defend a territory of perhaps 250 hectares (about 1 sq. mi.).
During the breeding cycle the female incubates the eggs, broods the young and guards the nest. The male hunts, making food deliveries approximately every 2 hours. The male must feed his mate, the young (typically 5) and himself. The male hunts from dawn to dusk as the young near fledging, and during the first weeks after they leave the nest.
The young leave the nest (fledge) by making an initial flight that may be a short hop to a nearby branch, or an explosive burst into an adjacent tree where they land by grasping whatever branch is first contacted, sometimes clinging upside-down. Owls at this stage are sometimes called \"branchers\" for their clinging, dangling and climbing behaviors. The second day after fledging, the young gradually climb and fly upward into the forest canopy, where they spend their first few weeks, at times perched \"shoulder-to-shoulder\" with their siblings, begging for food.
Despite many statements in popular literature, no reliable information exists on the seasonal movements of this species. It is not known whether these pygmy-owls maintain the same territory or same mate year to year, though these questions are being investigated. Dispersal of young and influences on their mortality are also poorly known, though barred owls and spotted owls are known to prey on pygmy owls.
### Feeding
Pygmy owls are purportedly \"sit-and-wait\" predators, though they in fact hunt somewhat actively, moving from perch to perch with short flights, and pursuing prey at all levels of forest structure. They swoop down on prey; they may also catch insects in flight. They eat small mammals, birds and large insects, and may take a variety of other vertebrates and invertebrates. Mountain pygmy owls occasionally take prey species the same size or larger than themselves (e.g. California quail); however, small to medium-sized birds and small mammals are the norm. They\'ve been observed eating Wilson\'s warblers. These owls are diurnal, and also active at dawn and dusk.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,656 |
Defense of the Adzhimushkay quarry
|
The **defense of the Adzhimushkay quarry** (*Оборона Аджимушкайских каменоломен*) took place during World War II, between May and October 1942, in the `{{Interlanguage link multi|Adzhimushkay quarry|ru|3=Аджимушкайские каменоломни}}`{=mediawiki} named after the `{{Interlanguage link multi|Adzhimushkay|ru|3=Аджи-Мушкай}}`{=mediawiki} suburb of Kerch during Nazi Germany\'s occupation of Crimea.
## Background
Adzhimushkay was a small mining suburb 5 km from the city of Kerch, where a complex network of catacombs is located. Limestone was extracted there from 1830 by using both the surface quarry and the underground mines. The latter resulted in the network of tunnels (catacombs), known as the Great and Small Adzhimushkay catacombs. They were first used for military purposes by pro-Bolshevik armed groups during the Russian Civil War.
## Events
When Kerch was occupied by the Wehrmacht in November 1941, a squad of Soviet partisans already operated in the catacombs. By May 1942, a counteroffensive was staged by the Wehrmacht to expel the Red Army from the Kerch Peninsula and the city of Sevastopol. The Red Army was overrun, had to evacuate the bridgehead and sustained heavy casualties. By May 19, 1942, regular fighting in the area had ended, and to ensure the evacuation of the Soviet troops across the Strait of Kerch, a defense group was left in Adzhimushkay and led by Colonel `{{Interlanguage link multi|Pavel Yagunov|ru|3=Ягунов, Павел Максимович}}`{=mediawiki}.
The group absorbed retreating soldiers, along with numerous civilians fleeing the city, and eventually grew to several thousand. When it became obvious that the bridgehead over the strait could not be held, the Adzhimushkay group found refuge in the catacombs. It is estimated that more than 10,000 fled to the Great Adzhimushkay catacombs system, and 3,000 to the Small Adzhimushkay catacombs system. The larger garrison was led by Yagunov, Parakhin and Burmin and the smaller one by Yermakov, Povazhny and Karpekin.
The catacombs were ill-suited for defense, as no supplies had been prepared there, and all wells were located outside. Any supply of water had to be taken by force since a sortie was needed to reach a well. The Soviet group attempted several counterattacks, including one resulting in the defeat of the Wehrmacht garrison in Adzhimushkay on the night of 8 and 9 July 1942. Colonel Yagunov was killed in that assault.
Most Soviet guerrillas died, as the group ran out of ammunition, food and water and resorted to extreme techniques of survival such as preparing meat of the dead livestock earlier killed in the mine entrances and gathering water condensed on the mine ceilings. The defenders also attempted to dig their own wells in the catacombs as deep as 14 m to reach the phreatic water layer.
The German forces surrounded the quarries with barbed wire fencing, blocked the entrances and exits and bombed and shelled them. General `{{illm|Hermann Ochsner|de|Hermann Ochsner}}`{=mediawiki}, the chief of the chemical forces, proposed the use of a non-lethal irritant gas to smoke the partisans out of such hiding places, but he was denied permission to carry out the attack although survivors\' testimonies claimed otherwise.
On October 30, 1942, German forces entered the catacombs and captured the remaining defenders. The estimates of the number of guerrilla fighters surviving the 170-day siege and final clash and their subsequent treatment by Nazis varied from 48 to 300 of the initial 13,000 of the Soviet group.
## Remembrance
Several books and songs were written to commemorate the defense. A museum was established in the quarry in 1966 and the memorial complex was established in 1982.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,680 |
Cannery Casino and Hotel
|
**Cannery Casino and Hotel** is a locals casino in North Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, owned and operated by Boyd Gaming. The property includes a 78967 sqft casino and a three-story hotel with 201 rooms. It was developed by Cannery Casino Resorts at a cost of \$105 million. It opened on January 2, 2003.
A \$40 million expansion took place from 2004 to 2006, adding more casino space and a movie theater. A second location, the Eastside Cannery, opened in the eastern Las Vegas Valley in 2008. Boyd acquired both properties in 2016, when it purchased Cannery Casino Resorts.
## History
The property was originally proposed as the Paradise hotel-casino in 1996, by Bob Mendenhall, president of Las Vegas Paving Corporation. It would be developed through the Mendenhall Family Trust. The site for the proposed project was in an area zoned for industrial use. For this reason, the North Las Vegas City Council rejected Mendenhall\'s request in 1998 to rezone the land for the Paradise project. Residents had also voiced opposition about a hotel-casino, believing it would worsen traffic. The city then denied Mendenhall\'s extension request for his use permit to build the project. He filed a lawsuit against the city that was later settled out of court. Millennium Gaming partnered with Mendenhall in 2000, and Cannery Casino Resorts was formed as a joint venture to develop the project, which would be renamed the Cannery.
The Cannery cost \$105 million to develop. APCO, a subsidiary of Las Vegas Paving, was the project\'s general contractor. Early plans to include go-karts, a bowling alley, and a movie theater were scrapped, as Millennium believed that such features would attract children to the property. The Cannery was initially set for a mid-December 2002 opening, although this was delayed several weeks to take place in the new year. The delay allowed the owners to save \$90,000 in taxes and fees, and also simplified the Cannery\'s job search, as many prospective employees preferred to wait until after the Christmas holiday to start working a new job.
The Cannery opened on January 2, 2003. The property is themed after a 1940s cannery, post-World War II, with architectural features such as industrial beams and exposed metal columns. The exterior features a 120-foot smokestack. A brewery theme was previously considered before evolving into the final design.
The Cannery includes a three-story hotel containing 201 rooms. The casino opened with 50000 sqft, including 1,278 slot machines and 21 table games. The Cannery featured four restaurants, including a 360-seat buffet and a 24-hour cafe. It also opened along with The Club, an indoor-outdoor, multi-purpose events center. The indoor venue measures 7000 sqft, and opens up to a 25000 sqft courtyard.
The property\'s primary demographic would be the 250,000 residents who lived within a five-mile radius. Its location near Interstate 15, Las Vegas Motor Speedway, and Nellis Air Force Base also made the site desirable. Executives sought to copy the success of other locals casinos in Las Vegas, for instance by having the Cannery operate its own hotel rather than partnering with a chain, a concept that was deemed expensive and unnecessary. The Cannery was small compared to its competitors, a trait which executives viewed as a positive.
The Cannery was successful, leading to a two-year, \$40 million expansion which began in mid-2004. The project added a parking garage and more casino space, for a total of 78967 sqft. This was followed by the opening of a 14-screen Galaxy Theatres facility in 2006.
A second Las Vegas Valley location, the Eastside Cannery, opened along Boulder Highway in 2008. Both properties became part of Boyd Gaming in December 2016, through its acquisition of Cannery Casino Resorts. A Steak \'n Shake restaurant was added in 2022.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,683 |
Mo Elewonibi
|
**Mohammed Thomas David \"Mo\" Elewonibi** (born December 16, 1965) is a Nigerian-Canadian former offensive lineman who played in the National Football League (NFL) and the Canadian Football League (CFL). He was injured just prior to the end of the first half of the Eagles / Cowboys Divisional Playoff Game on January 7, 1996, and transported off the field on a stretcher with a knee injury. It was his final game in the NFL.
## Early years {#early_years}
Elewonibi was born in Lagos, Nigeria and raised in Victoria, British Columbia. He attended Victoria High School, where he excelled at soccer and basketball.
Elewonibi played two years for the Okanagan Sun football club, and was named to the 25 Year All Time Team announced in 2005 to celebrate 25th anniversary of the sun organization.
## College career {#college_career}
He began his college career at Snow College, in Ephraim, UT, where he first began to play football. He transferred to Brigham Young University to finish his college career. Mo won the Outland Trophy while at Brigham Young. The award is for the country\'s most outstanding lineman in college football.
## Personal
Elewonibi converted from Islam to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints during his second year of college. Elewonibi now lives on Vancouver Island and works as a counselor helping recovering addicts return to normal life.
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7,126,687 |
Garnet, Montana
|
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7,126,700 |
2007 Labour Party deputy leadership election
|
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7,126,703 |
Neferkara I
|
**Neferkara I** (Ancient Egyptian ***Nefer-Ka-Ra***; which means "beautiful soul of Ra" or "the soul of Ra is perfect", also spelled as **Neferka** and, alternatively, **Aaka**) is the cartouche name of a king (pharaoh) who is said to have ruled during the 2nd Dynasty of Ancient Egypt. The exact length of his reign is unknown since the Turin canon lacks the years of rulership and the ancient Egyptian priest Manetho suggests that Neferkara\'s reign lasted 25 years. Egyptologists evaluate his statement as a misinterpretation or exaggeration.
## Identity
There is no contemporary name source for this king and no Horus name could be connected to Neferkara I up to this day. In contrast, Egyptologists such as Kim Ryholt believe that Neferkara/Neferka was identical to a sparsely attested king named Sneferka, which is also thought to be a name used by King Qa\'a (the last ruler of the 1st dynasty) for a short time only. Ryholt thinks that Ramesside scribes misleadingly added the symbol of the sun to the name "(S)neferka", ignoring the fact that the sun itself was no object of divine adoration yet during the 2nd dynasty. For a comparison he points to cartouche names such as *Neferkara II* from the kinglist of Abydos and *Nebkara I* from the Sakkara table.
Aidan Dodson equated Neferkara with Seth-Peribsen.
The ancient historian Manetho called Neferkara I "*Népherchêres*" and reported that during this king\'s rulership "the Nile was flowing with honey for eleven days". Egyptologists think that this collocation was meant to show that the realm was flourishing under King Nephercheres.
## The division of Egypt {#the_division_of_egypt}
Egyptologists such as Wolfgang Helck, Nicolas Grimal, Hermann Alexander Schlögl and Francesco Tiradritti believe that king Nynetjer, the third ruler of second dynasty, left a realm that was suffering from an overly complex state administration and that Ninetjer decided to split Egypt to leave it to his two sons (or, at least, rightful throne successors) who would rule two separate kingdoms, in the hope that the two rulers could better administer the states. In contrast, Egyptologists such as Barbara Bell believe that an economic catastrophe like a famine or a long lasting drought affected Egypt. Therefore, to address the problem of feeding the Egyptian population, Ninetjer split the realm and his successors founded two independent realms, until the famine came to an end. Bell points to the inscriptions of the Palermo stone, where, in her opinion, the records of the annual Nile floods show constantly low levels during this period. Bell\'s theory is refuted today by Egyptologists such as Stephan Seidlmayer, who corrected Bell\'s calculations. Seidlmayer has shown that the annual Nile floods were at usual levels at Ninetjer\'s time up to the period of the Old Kingdom. Bell had overlooked, that the heights of the Nile floods in the Palermo stone inscription only takes the measurements of the nilometers around Memphis into account, but not elsewhere in Egypt. Any long-lasting drought can therefore be excluded.
It is a commonly accepted theory, that Neferkara I had to share his throne with another ruler. It is just unclear yet, with whom. Later kinglists such as the Sakkara list and the Turin canon list the kings Neferkasokar and Hudjefa I as immediate successors. The Abydos list skips all these three rulers and name a king *Djadjay* (identical with king Khasekhemwy). If Egypt was already divided when Neferkara I gained the throne, kings like Sekhemib and Peribsen would have ruled Upper Egypt, whilst Neferkara I and his successors would have ruled Lower Egypt. The division of Egypt was brought to an end by king Khasekhemwy.
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7,126,704 |
Microregion of Sorocaba
|
The **Microregion of Sorocaba** (*Microrregião de Sorocaba*) is a microregion in the central part of São Paulo State, Brazil.
## Municipalities
The microregion consists of the following municipalities:
- Alumínio
- Araçariguama
- Araçoiaba da Serra
- Cabreúva
- Capela do Alto
- Iperó
- Itu
- Mairinque
- Porto Feliz
- Salto
- Salto de Pirapora
- São Roque
- Sarapuí
- Sorocaba
- Votorantim
## Economy
Many people travel to São Paulo to work during the week, particularly from the larger of the municipalities. Those who work in São Paulo and thereby earn higher wages than obtainable locally can usually afford larger houses due to the lower cost of living outside of São Paulo. In the smaller towns such as Votorantim there is a lot of agricultural employment.
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7,126,709 |
Rani Manicka
|
**Rani Manicka** is a Malaysian-born novelist, who divides her time between Malaysia and the United Kingdom.
## Background, education {#background_education}
Manicka grew up in Terengganu and attended the University of Malaysia, where she received a business degree.
## *The Rice Mother*, first novel {#the_rice_mother_first_novel}
Infused with her own Sri Lankan Tamil family history, *The Rice Mother* is her first novel, and it won the Commonwealth Writers\' Prize in 2003 for South East Asia and South Pacific region.
*The Rice Mother* is a \"multi-generational story\" and focuses on a Sri Lankan family living in Malaysia. Lakshimi is born in Ceylon, and 14 years old, is married to Ayah, a supposedly rich 37-year-old widower in Malaysia. On arrival in Malaysia, she finds that Ayah is not rich, and she has to struggle to care for the family, including six children. Lakshimi survives the horrors of World War II and the Japanese occupation of Malaya. Rani Manicka\'s work looks at the family members' deep scars, including those which afflict the young generations.
## *Touching Earth*, second novel {#touching_earth_second_novel}
Her second novel, *Touching Earth*, was published in 2005, followed by \"The Japanese Lover\", released in 2009.
*The Publishers Weekly* says of this work, in a review:
> Bestseller Manicka (The Rice Mother) spins an epic tale of love, loss, and cosmic destiny in her gripping and eloquent third novel, set against the lush backdrop of Malaya throughout the political and cultural turmoil of the 20th century. Prophesied at birth to have a wealthy but disastrous marriage, Parvathi, a poor Ceylonese girl, is married to a powerful man who despises her; she survives life in his house by devoting herself to her children, to a kindly servant, and to Maya, a powerful healer. When Japanese soldiers invade during WWII, she experiences love and passion for the first time in the arms of a commanding officer named Hattori.
## *The Japanese Lover, third novel* {#the_japanese_lover_third_novel}
Her latest work titled \"Black Jack\" was published in 2013.
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7,126,724 |
Fuel reserve
|
In motorcycles and cars, the *fuel reserve* setting indicates that the level of fuel in the tank is low. In cars and most modern motorcycles this quantity (the reserve) is automatically available. Older motorcycles have a manual fuel tap or petcock. When the main fuel is exhausted, the motor will start sputtering, prompting the rider to change the position knob to continue riding with a known smaller quantity of fuel. Generally, when a rider notices that the engine began sputtering, he or she will have enough time to turn the petcock and access the reserve fuel before the engine shuts down.
Most petcocks have three positions:
- OFF - This position is important to keep the tank from leaking when the engine is off. Whether it is present or not depends on the type of carburetor that is used.
- MAIN - This is the normal setting when the engine is running. Sometimes this position is labeled \"ON\" or \"RUN\".
- RESERVE - In this position, a known but small volume of fuel is available to allow the rider to be able to reach a petrol station. The reserve is always a small quantity of the total supply.
In most cases, the main and the reserve settings are actually drawing from the same tank, but there are two outlets through which the fuel may leave. One outlet is located a short distance above the other, when the fuel selector is set to the \'main\' position, the fuel will flow from the upper outlet, and will stop flowing when the fuel level gets below the outlet. When the selector is on \'reserve\', the lower outlet will be used, which allows all or most of the fuel to be drawn from the tank.
Because in most cases the \'reserve\' setting simply allows access to all the fuel, rather than a dedicated tank, the \'reserve\' selection allows the rider to deplete the main fuel supply as well as the reserve. In theory this causes no harm, except that the fuel may run out without warning.
Because fuel tanks accumulate various substances that can cause problems if these are allowed to flow downstream in the fuel system, it is advisable to refill the tank before or soon after the level reaches the reserve outlet and not drain the tank completely. At the bottom of the tank, especially from old cars and motorcycles and those with metal tanks, there is always a small amount of water (from moisture in the air, or from rain) mixed with various solid materials, like sand (blown in during a gas stop) or rust (from the inside of the metal tank). These substances can block the fuel line or the tiny holes in the carburetor venturi or fuel injection system when allowed to flow down-stream towards the carburetors or fuel injection units and beyond. Too much water mixed in with the fuel can also hinder combustion or damage the combustion chamber due to the fact that water isn\'t combustible and cannot be compressed like the normal gaseous fuel-air mixture can.
## In Aircraft {#in_aircraft}
The fuel on an aircraft usually includes the computed fuel to destination, plus fuel for the designated alternate airport plus 45 minutes fuel for anything unexpected. The reserve can also be used for in-flight diversions or emergencies. An adequate reserve can sometimes be treated as an unnecessary luxury in military aviation, but civil authorities consider adequate reserves to be a vital necessity in air transport operations.
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7,126,735 |
Heater core
|
A **heater core** is a radiator-like device that heats the cabin of a vehicle. Hot coolant from the vehicle\'s engine passes through a winding tube of the core, which transfers heat from the coolant to the cabin air. Fins on the core tubes increase the surface area for transfer of heat to the air, which a fan forces across them and into the passenger compartment.
## How it works {#how_it_works}
The internal combustion engine in most cars and trucks is cooled by a mixture of water and antifreeze that is circulated through the engine and radiator by a water pump to enable the radiator to give off engine heat to the atmosphere. Some of that coolant can be diverted through the heater core to give some engine heat to the cabin.
A heater core is a small radiator under the dashboard of the vehicle, and it consists of a conductive aluminium or brass tube with cooling fins to increase surface area. Hot coolant passing through the heater core gives off heat before returning to the engine cooling circuit.
The squirrel cage fan of the vehicle\'s ventilation system forces air through the heater core to transfer heat from the coolant to the cabin air, which is directed into the vehicle through registers at various points.
## Control
Once the engine has warmed up, the coolant is kept at a more or less constant temperature by the thermostat. The temperature of the air entering the vehicle\'s interior can be controlled by a valve that limits the amount of coolant that goes through the heater core; another method is to block off the heater core with a door, directing part (or all) of the incoming air to bypass the heater core, so that it does not get heated (or re-heated if the air conditioning compressor is active). Some cars use a combination of these systems.
Simpler systems allow the driver to control the valve or door directly (usually by a rotary knob or a lever). More complicated systems use a combination of electromechanical actuators and thermistors to control the valve or doors to deliver air at a precise temperature.
Cars with dual climate function (allowing driver and passenger to each set a different temperature) may use a heater core split in two, where different amounts of coolant flow through the heater core on either side.
## Air conditioning {#air_conditioning}
In a car equipped with air conditioning, outside air, or cabin air if the recirculation flap has been set to close the external air passages, is first forced, often after being filtered by a cabin air filter, through the air conditioner\'s evaporator coil. This can be thought of as a heater core filled with very cold liquid that is undergoing a phase change to gas (the evaporation), a process which cools rather than heats the incoming air. In order to obtain the desired temperature, incoming air may first be cooled by the air conditioning and then heated again by the heater core. In a vehicle fitted with manual controls for the heater and air conditioning compressor, using both systems together will dehumidify the air in the cabin, as the evaporator coil removes moisture from the air due to condensation. This can result in increased air comfort levels inside the vehicle. Automatic temperature control systems can take the best course of action in regulating the compressor operation, amount of reheating and blower speed depending upon the external air temperature, the internal one and the cabin air temperature value or a rapid defrost effect requested by the user.
## Engine cooling function {#engine_cooling_function}
Because the heater core cools the heated coolant from the engine by transferring its heat to the cabin air, it can also act as an auxiliary radiator for the engine. If the radiator is working improperly, the operator may turn the heat on (together with the cabin blower fan placed on full speed, and with the windows opened) in the passenger cabin, resulting in a certain cooling effect on the overheated engine coolant. This idea only works to a certain degree, as the heater core is not large enough nor does it have enough cold air going through it to cool large amounts of coolant significantly.
## Possible problems {#possible_problems}
The heater core is made up of small piping that has numerous bends. Clogging of the piping may occur if the coolant system is not flushed or if the coolant is not changed regularly. If clogging occurs the heater core will not work properly. If coolant flow is restricted, heating capacity will be reduced or even lost altogether if the heater core becomes blocked. Control valves may also clog or get stuck. Where a blend door is used instead of a control valve as a method of controlling the air\'s heating amount, the door itself or its control mechanism can become stuck due to thermal expansion. If the climate control unit is automatic, actuators can also fail.
Another possible problem is a leak in one of the connections to the heater core. This may first be noticeable by smell (ethylene glycol is widely used as coolant and has a sweet smell); it may also cause (somewhat greasy) fogging of the windshield above the windshield heater vent. Glycol may also leak directly into the car, causing wet upholstery or carpeting.
Electrolysis can cause excessive corrosion leading to the heater core rupturing. Coolant will spray directly into the passenger compartment followed with white coloured smoke, a significant driving hazard.
Because the heater core is usually located under the dashboard inside of the vehicle and is enclosed in the ventilation system\'s ducting, servicing it often requires disassembling a large part of the dashboard, which can be labour-intensive and therefore expensive.
Since the heater core relies on the coolant\'s heat to warm the cabin air up, it will not begin working until the engine\'s coolant warms up enough. This problem can be resolved by equipping the vehicle with an auxiliary heating system, which can either use electricity or burn the vehicle\'s fuel in order to rapidly bring the engine\'s coolant to operating temperatures.
## Air cooled engines {#air_cooled_engines}
Engines that do not have a water cooling system cannot heat the cabin via a heater core; one alternative is to guide air around the (very hot) engine exhaust manifold and then into the vehicle\'s interior. Temperature control is achieved by mixing with unheated outside air. Air-cooled Volkswagen engines use this method. Another example is the air-cooled Briggs & Stratton Vanguard, used in the ultra and microlight flight amateur construction scene. This method for cockpit heating is a simple option for the Spacek SD-1 Minisport and other homebuilt sportplanes. However, depending on the design, this can cause a safety issue where a leak in the exhaust system will begin to fill the passenger cabin with deadly fumes.
## Reuse for other purposes {#reuse_for_other_purposes}
Car heat cores are also used for Do-It-Yourself projects, such as for cooling homemade liquid cooling systems for computers.
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7,126,740 |
Weser Tunnel
|
The **Wesertunnel** crosses the river Weser in northwestern Germany between the villages of Rodenkirchen and Dedesdorf, offering a connection between the cities of Nordenham and Bremerhaven on a regional level.
It was built from 1998 to 2004 and connects the districts of Wesermarsch and Cuxhaven by means of the B 437, providing easy access to the A 27 motorway and the B 212.
In the long run it will be part of the planned A 22, 2010 renamed A 20 as prospective part of the Ostsee- or Küstenautobahn (Baltic or Coastal Freeway).
Category:Road tunnels in Germany Category:Transport in Lower Saxony Category:Buildings and structures in Cuxhaven (district) Category:Wesermarsch Category:Tunnels completed in 2004
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7,126,745 |
MS Berge Istra
|
**MS *Berge Istra*** was a ship owned by Norwegian shipping company Sig.ö Bergesen d.y. and registered in Liberia, an ore-bulk-oil carrier with `{{DWT|227,550|metric|disp=long}}`{=mediawiki}. She was carrying ore from Brazil to Japan, and returning with crude oil from the Persian Gulf to Europe or America. The ship had build number 296 at the Uljanik shipyard in the port city Pula in then SFR Yugoslavia (today Croatia) where it was built in 1972.
The ship was en route from Tubarão in Brazil to Japan with iron ore when contact was lost with the vessel in the Pacific (near the island of Mindanao, Philippines), the last contact was on December 30, 1975. After one week, on January 7, 1976, the ship was reported missing, but the ensuing search operation yielded no results and was called off on January 16 of that year. Thirty people lost their lives. Two days later, on January 18, Spanish citizens Imeldo Barreto León (41) and Epifanio López (39), were picked up by Japanese fishermen, having survived 20 days on a raft. López and León recounted that they had been painting the ship\'s bow when it had been shaken by a series of explosions and had gone down in a matter of a few seconds. After struggling to escape the sinking ship\'s suction, León had managed to climb onto the raft, which had floated free of the ship, and had hauled aboard the unconscious López.
MS *Berge Istra* was like its sister ship `{{MS|Berge Vanga}}`{=mediawiki} which disappeared under similar circumstances four years later. Even 30 years later, the shipping company maintained secrecy with regards to the cause of the accidents. During an interview in Norwegian newspaper *Dagbladet* in January 2011, the retired Bergesen captain Johnny Eilers gave his view on what happened: The inert (neutral gas) systems were often unreliable those days, and many officers lacked education in how to measure gas levels. *Berge Istra* was loaded with ore in the main holds. But the wingtanks were not cleaned after the previous cargo of oil, thus producing oil vapor. Also the deck water seal was unreliable in heavy seas, allowing this vapor to enter the inert gas system and generator. That generator would be started on their way east, as Japan demanded inerted wingtanks on arrival. Starting the generator would then cause the "whole deck to open up", just as the two survivors had explained it did. Thus the *Berge Istra* and *Berge Vanga* disasters.
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7,126,782 |
George Nevill, 14th Baron Bergavenny
|
**George Nevill, *de facto* 14th (*de jure* 2nd) Baron Bergavenny** (16 May 1702 -- 15 November 1723) was an English peer.
George was the second, but eldest surviving, son of George Nevill, 13th Baron Bergavenny and his wife Anne Walker. He was born on 16 May 1702 and baptised on 26 August 1702 at St Martin-in-the-Fields. On 7 March 1720/1, he succeeded to the barony on the death of his father. He matriculated at University College, Oxford on 13 September 1722.
Bergavenny married Elizabeth Thornicroft (d. 1778) on 21 February 1722/3 at St Mary Magdalen Old Fish Street. He died of smallpox on 15 November 1723 in Soho Square, and was buried at Sheffield, Sussex. He had posthumous children by Elizabeth, twin girls born on 20 November 1723, both of whom died on 1 December 1723. As he died without male issue, the Barony passed to his younger brother, Edward Nevill, 15th Baron Bergavenny. His widow married Alured Pincke of Tottenham High Cross (d. 1755). Thomas Hearne described Bergavenny as \"a most ingenious sensible young gentleman, but very much deformed\".
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7,126,786 |
Silly Boy (She Doesn't Love You)
|
\"**Silly Boy (She Doesn\'t Love You)**\" is a song written by Dave Burgess and Marnie Thomas. It was recorded by The Lettermen in 1962 for their album *Jim, Tony, and Bob*.
## Background
The lyrics describe the singer\'s inability to move on after an amorous relationship ends.
## Chart performance {#chart_performance}
In 1962, \"Silly Boy (She Doesn\'t Love You)\" was released as a single. It became a minor hit on the *Billboard* Hot 100, reaching number 81.
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7,126,810 |
Redruth and Chasewater Railway
|
The **Redruth and Chasewater Railway** was an early mineral railway line in Cornwall, England, UK. It opened in 1825 and was built to convey the output from copper mines in the Gwennap area to wharves on Restronguet Creek (off the Fal Estuary) around Devoran, and to bring in coal to fuel mine engines; later it carried timber for pit props and also house coal.
A little over 9 mi long, it was built to a `{{RailGauge|4ft}}`{=mediawiki} narrow gauge and used horse traction at first, later using steam locomotives. Solely dependent on the economy of the mines it served, it prospered when they did, and when they declined, the railway declined too; it finally closed in 1915. It never carried passengers.
Much of its route can still be traced, and part of it forms the course of the Redruth and Chasewater Railway Trail, an outdoor leisure facility.
## History
### Antecedents
Prior to the nineteenth century, much mineral extraction had taken place in the Cornish peninsula, but this had been limited by the non-existence of industrial methods; thus the depth to which shafts could be sunk, and at which water inundation overwhelmed the workings, and the cost of transporting extracted minerals to market, all proved limiting factors, and many mines were abandoned as exhausted using available methods. (Transport of minerals was chiefly done on the backs of mules.)
As the industrial revolution gathered pace, steam engine power became available to overcome these limitations, and new seams were developed at greater depths, and in some cases abandoned mines were re-opened. Moreover copper began to supersede tin as the dominant mineral for exploitation. Because the process of smelting copper required large quantities of coal -- in the proportion of 18 to 1 -- the copper ore was transported by sea to South Wales, where Swansea was dominant.
The focus, then, was on transporting copper and tin ore to a sea port for onward movement, and to bring in coal to fuel the increasing number of steam engines operating at the mines. In 1809 a privately owned tramway was constructed to connect the harbour at Portreath on the north coast, with mines around St Day and Scorrier; at first called the Portreath Tramway, with later extensions it became known as the Poldice Tramway. It was a horse-worked plateway and it was an immediate success financially. However it was in private ownership, as was the harbour at Portreath, and was not made available to the proprietors of competing mines.
### Consolidated Mines {#consolidated_mines}
In 1819, the dynamic entrepreneur John Taylor took a lease on the dormant Consolidated Mines (usually referred to as *Consols*). These were a group of five mines that had been abandoned in 1811 and flooded, and Taylor installed two 90 in pumping engines -- then the largest of their kind in the world -- and within a year opened a 1 mi long copper lode, itself the largest in the world. Consols had become the prime copper mine in Cornwall, and remained so until 1840, gaining its shareholders huge capital gains.
The issue of transporting the extracted minerals to market had always been prominent, and canal and other schemes had been proposed but never implemented, and Taylor now promoted a railway to transport his mine\'s output to Point on Restronguet Creek. He obtained financial backing in London without any support from Cornish interests.
### The railway gets its act {#the_railway_gets_its_act}
Notwithstanding obstruction from the Portreath interests, Taylor got his act of Parliament, the **`{{visible anchor|Redruth and Chasewater Railway Act 1824}}`{=mediawiki}** (5 Geo. 4. c. cxxi), on 17 June 1824, with a capital of £22,500, and authority to increase this by another £10,000 if necessary. The railway was to be a toll operation, allowing any carrier to convey his vehicles on the line on payment of the toll, and the terms of the act did not envisage actual train operation by the company itself.
The act specified the main line to be from Redruth (50 14 02 N 5 13 20 W) to Point (50 12 31 N 5 05 06 W), with several branches, including one from Twelveheads to Chacewater. There were also to be improvements to the harbour at Narabo (near Devoran). The route went via Carharrack and down the Carnon Valley, via Bissoe.
### Construction and opening {#construction_and_opening}
Actual construction of the railway proceeded swiftly, being conducted by William Brunton, son of the Scottish inventor of the same name. Considerable earthworks were necessary in places -- crossing the Carnon Valley in particular -- in order to avoid excessive gradients, and there was a 600 ft vertical interval between the summit of the line and the wharves at Devoran. In fact there was a gradient of `{{railway gradient|35}}`{=mediawiki} falling from Lanner to Carharrack.
The track gauge was `{{RailGauge|4ft}}`{=mediawiki} this was commonly employed in South Wales, with which the engineering of the mines had close contact at that time, and edge rails were used: a considerable technical advance, and the first such use in Cornwall (The Poldice and other tramways had used plateways, in which the plates are flanged and the wagon wheels are plain; in an edge rail system, the flanges are on the wheels of the vehicles). The rails were wrought iron, carried in cast iron chairs supported on granite blocks.
As parts of the line were completed, hauliers were allowed to use them forthwith, and this took place from 1824; it was not until 30 January 1826 that the line was considered substantially complete (although the Chacewater branch had not been started, and in fact was never built) and an official opening took place, when some of the proprietors travelled from Wheal Buller to Devoran (by gravity) and then back to Redruth (pulled by a horse).
In 1827 extensions were constructed and opened; from Wheal Buller junction to Redruth itself, serving the Pen-an-Drea mine and the town itself, and an additional 1 mi from Devoran to Point Quay.
### Operation: first years {#operation_first_years}
Built as a horse-operated tramway, the early operations followed that model, with short groups of wagons hauled by horses. Although the line had been designed with a view to gravitational operation for loaded traffic towards Devoran, it appears that this was not done, and the wagons were hauled in both directions.
The line was single throughout, with numerous passing places. In the event of two \"trains\" meeting between passing places, the advantage was to be decided by lot.
Tonnages carried exceeded expectations, at over 58,000 LT annually and the company was financially very successful, with annual profits of over £2,000. Additional passing places were installed in 1831 and the wharves at Devoran were much extended.
Renewal of rails became necessary in 1831 -- this on a railway with no locomotive traction -- and considerable difficulty was experienced with displacement of the stone blocks, causing gauge widening problems.
Inwards traffic of coal steadily increased as the mines mechanised: by 1835 Consols and United mines had sixteen engines working, consuming 15,000 tons of coal annually.
### First challenges {#first_challenges}
In 1839, the West Cornwall Railway opened its lines, to Tresavean, near the mines served by the Redruth company, and to Portreath, giving improved access to that port, which gave easier access to Welsh ports as it lay on the north coast of Cornwall.
In the same year, Taylor\'s lease of the Consols mines came to an end; in the final months he extracted as much material as possible without the development work normally used to maintain future extraction, and when the new lessees took over, they found it impossible to maintain the volume of extraction that Taylor had achieved. This directly affected the railway\'s carryings and its profitability.
In 1840 profits fell by 20%, though with increased tonnages carried, reflecting the downward pressure of rates. In the following year, a severe winter led to great difficulties with displacement of the stone blocks, and with embankment subsidence, costing considerable expenditure on repairs.
In 1848 Thomas Hall was appointed engineer and superintendent of the railway for the next 20 years.
### Locomotive operation {#locomotive_operation}
By the early 1850s, trade in general was more buoyant, and the company decided to apply for parliamentary authority to build a branch line to Wheal Busy (a little over 2 mi long). The junction was to be near Hale Mills, and the Redruth Railway Act 1853 (16 & 17 Vict. c. vi) was obtained on 9 May 1853, but this line was never completed.
The act also permitted the use of locomotives. This necessitated the relaying of much of the track, and this was done with 50 lb/yd bullhead rails, re-using the original stone blocks. Two locomotives were acquired from Neilson & Co. They were named *Miner* and *Smelter*; they were `{{whyte|0-4-2|ST}}`{=mediawiki}s and they were delivered in November 1854. New larger capacity wagons were also acquired with a payload of over 4 tons. The new locomotives and wagons cost £5,565.
Although crude in appearance, the locomotives were successful operationally, being able to take 8 loaded wagons (50 LT gross) up to Wheal Fortune loop. However locomotive operation caused considerable friction with the existing horse hauliers, who operated the upper part of the line; in addition the weight of the locomotives caused subsidence problems in the weaker parts of the track.
In 1855 the company made a loss of £548. This was taken hard, although it was brought about by the considerable expenditure on one-off items (charged to current account) --- the locomotives and rolling stock, the work on the Wheal Busy extension, and major repairs to the company\'s steam tug, kept at Devoran.
The locomotives were now regularly working up to Tingtang (west of the Consols); traffic was increasing markedly on the Wheal Buller branch (and declining on the Redruth main line) and the decision was taken to operate the locomotives to Wheal Buller, involving relaying the track, as soon as the traffic justified it. In fact this was done by 1857, and they took over operation of the whole line.
The locomotives were worked very hard and continuously, and in 1858 a decision was taken to acquire a third: in September 1859 *Spitfire*, an `{{whyte|0-6-0|ST}}`{=mediawiki} from Neilson started work. She usually operated the section above Nangiles loop, making four round trips daily, with the earlier locomotives feeding traffic up to her. The traffic was almost entirely coal upwards and copper ore downwards. Shunting on the quays at Devoran, and on the eastward extension to Point, was in the charge of horses.
### Decline of copper extraction {#decline_of_copper_extraction}
By the late 1860s copper mining in the area was declining, and by 1870 it became a depression, when the Clifford Amalgamated Mines closed. This resulted in a disastrous loss of income, and decline continued. Catastrophe struck in the heavy winter of 1876--77 when the Great County Adit (a common drainage system formerly used by several deep mines) which had fallen into disrepair and become blocked, suddenly burst and caused the instant silting of Devoran Harbour, forcing vessels to discharge by tender.
It was plain that the company had no trading future, and on 18 July 1879 it passed into receivership, continuing to trade, however.
## Miscellaneous
Today the restored Count House of Old Wheal Buller Mine overlooks the trackbeds of two early and unrecorded sidings, and beyond, to the Buller branch of the railway).
### Route
Writing in 1831, Priestley said:
> The main line of this railway commences at the extensive tin works on the east side of the town of Redruth, whence it takes a south-easterly course round the mountain of Cam Marth; thence north-easterly by Carrarath to Twelve Heads, whence it takes a south-eastward course by Nangiles and Carnon Gate to Point Quay, situate on an estuary branching out of Carreg Road. Its length is nine miles, two furlongs and four chains; in the first mile and seven chains of which, to Wheel \[sic\] Beauchamp, there is a rise of 103 feet; from thence to its termination it is one gradual inclination with a fall of 555 feet to high-water-mark. From Carnon Gate there is a branch to Narrabo of one mile one furlong; another branch from Nangiles to Wheel Fortune of three furlongs and five chains; another from Twelve Heads to Wheel Bissey, two miles, two furlongs and five chains in length; and another from Wheel Beauchamp to Wheel Buller, of two furlongs four chains in length. The total length of main line and branches is thirteen miles, three furlongs and eight chains.
Reference Kidner
- Redruth (Gwennap pit) 0 mi
- Lanner 1+1/2 mi
- branch to Wheal Bassett mine
- Carharrack 3 mi
- Hale Mills
- uncompleted branch to Chacewater
- Bissoe 6 mi
- Devoran 8 mi
- Penpol 9 mi
### Success
Initially the line was generally successful. It served both Great Consols and United Mines, the two largest in the area, and traffic by the 1830s was well in excess of 60,000 tons annually with the company reporting profits approaching £3,000. Copper ore transported down to ships for onward movement to South Wales was supplemented by coal carried in the other direction to serve the ever-deeper mines.
Initially the railway company had not been carriers, and up to 1854 the line was worked throughout by horses, but in November 1854 two tank engines, *Miner* and *Smelter* were delivered and began working between Devoran and Carharrack, making the Redruth and Chasewater one of the first narrow gauge railways to introduce steam locomotives. They were delivered as 0-4-0ST\'s, but were rough riders due to excessive overhang at the rear, so were soon rebuilt as 0-4-2ST\'s. At this time the remainder of the railway was operated by the company\'s own horses. By 1859 traffic had increased to 90,000 tons annually leading to the acquisition of a third engine, *Spitfire*. Spitfire was named after an incident where *Miner* and *Smelter* working hard uphill would scatter cinders and sparks. As a result, a nearby thatched cottage was in danger. The company was persuaded to rebuild it at a safe distance from the line and replace the thatch with slates. The owner was a valued shareholder in the company. The acquisition of *Spitfire* enabled the whole line from Devoran to Redruth to be worked by steam except the final 1+1/2 mi from Devoran to Point Quay which remained horse-worked until final closure.
### Decline
The railway workshops, like the offices, were located in Devoran, and *Miner* was substantially rebuilt here in 1869, but traffic began to decline as the copper mines closed and in 1879 a receiver was appointed. *Smelter* was relegated to the status of reserve engine; but lack of maintenance meant that the line deteriorated and derailments were common. Spitfire was rebuilt, but this was a disaster compared to that of Miner. A new firebox was ordered, it was slightly too big, and apparently the frames were forced apart to accommodate it, with subsequent wear on the rear springs and bearings.
The coming of the Great Western Railway (GWR) eventually ended the `{{abbr|R&C|Redruth and Chasewater}}`{=mediawiki} as the last major customer of the `{{abbr|R&C|Redruth and Chasewater}}`{=mediawiki}, Basset Mines, switched to using the `{{abbr|GWR|Great Western Railway}}`{=mediawiki}. The `{{abbr|R&C|Redruth and Chasewater}}`{=mediawiki}, in the following six months only carried around 6,500 LT of goods as opposed to some 22,000 LT for the previous year. The extension to Chacewater that gave the railway its name was never completed despite works starting in 1853. Closure of the line finally came on 25 September 1915 when *Miner* took the last train down to Devoran. The line was dismantled, locomotives, wagons and rails became scrap.
As the line depended on the mines, so did the port of Devoran rely on the railway, less than a year after its closure, the last commercial vessel called at Devoran.
## Locomotives
Name Builder Type Date Works number Notes
------------ --------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------ -------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------
*Miner* Neilson built as `{{nowrap|{{whyte|0-4-0|T}}}}`{=mediawiki} altered to `{{nowrap|{{whyte|0-4-2|ST}}}}`{=mediawiki} 1854 probably 81 Rebuilt in 1869 as an `{{nowrap|{{whyte|0-6-0|ST}}}}`{=mediawiki}
*Smelter* Neilson built as `{{nowrap|{{whyte|0-4-0|T}}}}`{=mediawiki} altered to `{{nowrap|{{whyte|0-4-2|ST}}}}`{=mediawiki} 1854 probably 82
*Spitfire* Neilson 1859 540
The three locomotives were of an unusual design. The boiler was surmounted by a square tank from which projected a tall chimney; the cabs were open with sides lower than the top of the tanks.
## Ships
In 1848, the company purchased the steam tug *Sydney*. On 6 March, she sprang a leak and sank at Falmouth.
## Today
Most of the route of the railway is now followed by the *Redruth and Chacewater Railway Trail* which links up with the Great Flat Lode Trail at Redruth. It featured in the BBC TV programme \"Railway Walks\", first broadcast on BBC Four on 16 October 2008.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,823 |
Saint George Catholic College
|
**Saint George Catholic VA College** (formerly known as **St George Catholic School for Girls & Boys**) is a Catholic voluntary aided comprehensive secondary school for girls and boys in Swaythling, Southampton, Hampshire.
The college became a mixed school in September 2013 and is operated under the auspices of the Diocese of Portsmouth.
## History
St George was founded as a coeducational school and opened its doors to students on 8 September 1958. It was officially opened on Saint George\'s Day 1959 by the Bishop of Portsmouth John Henry King, Bishop of Portsmouth. The number of students rose to over 600 over the next decade. During the 1970s, St George was a boys-only school.
In March 2012, it was announced that St George would go coeducational in 2013 due to overwhelmingly popular demand. The move was backed by its feeder schools, parents and the Diocese.`{{better|reason=primary source|date=November 2023}}`{=mediawiki}
In 2018, the school had over 800 pupils.
## School performance and inspection {#school_performance_and_inspection}
In 2010, Saint George was listed as one of the nation\'s top 100 improving schools in the GCSEs. The percentage of candidates achieving 5 or more A\*-C grades increased by 30%.
In 2020, 87% of Saint George students received grades 9--4 in their subjects and 63% achieved 9--5, with all students gaining places in further education or training.
In 2022, 86% of students achieved grades 9-4 or above in Maths and English, and 73% achieved 9-5.
In 2023, the school was inspected by Ofsted and judged Outstanding.
## Notable former pupils {#notable_former_pupils}
- Paul O\'Prey academic leader and author
- Manny Andruszewski, footballer for Southampton F.C.
- David Henson MBE, parasport athlete
- Roger Whiteside OBE, chief executive officer of Greggs
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7,126,824 |
John Bridgewater
|
**John Bridgewater** was an English clerical historian of the Catholic Confessors under Queen Elizabeth I.
## Biography
Bridgewater was born in Yorkshire about 1532; died probably at Trier, about 1596. He proceeded M. A. at Oxford University in 1556, was ordained priest, and in 1563 became Rector of Lincoln College in that university. In 1574, he resigned these and several other important preferments, and crossed over to Douai along with several of his students, in order to practice Catholicism more freely.
He probably never returned to England but lived at various Catholic places on the European continent (Reims, Paris, Rome, Trier); in 1588 and 1594 he resided at Trier. Pedro de Ribadeneira, Nathaniel Bacon, and Henry Foley account him a member of the Society of Jesus; the Catholic Encyclopedia argues that they have no proof of this.
## Writings
Bridgewater refuted (Trier 1589) a Protestant work on the pope as Antichrist and also wrote \"Account of the Six Articles usually Proposed to the Missioners that Suffered in England\", and against which he voted in 1562. `{{clarify|date=November 2013}}`{=mediawiki}
He may be best known as the earliest martyrologist of Catholic England. His work, conceived in the spirit of Eusebius as a triumphant apology for Catholicism, is entitled *Concertatio Ecclesliae Catholicae in Angliâ adversus Calvinopapistas et Puritanos sub Elizabethâ Reginâ quorundam hominum doctrina et sanctitate illustrium renovata et recognita, etc.*, i.e. *The Battle of the Catholic Faith in England under Queen Elizabeth, renewed in the lives of certain men illustrious for learning and sanctity, among them more than one hundred martyrs, and a very great number of others distinguished for their (religious) deeds and sufferings; confirmed also by the retractations of apostates, by new edicts of the persecutors, and by the writings of very learned Catholics against the Anglican, or rather female, pontificate, and in defense of the authority of the Roman pontiff over Christian princes* (Trier, 1588, about 850 pp. in octavo).
Another edition was brought out by William Allen in 1594; it served thenceforth as an original record of the persecutions of English Catholics. Hugh Tootell, Richard Challoner, and John Lingard draw on it extensively for biographical and historical data. Its rather miscellaneous contents are described in the Chetham Society\'s Remains (XLVIII, 47-50).
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7,126,851 |
Fisheries Act 1985
|
The **Fisheries Act 1985** (*Akta Perikanan 1985*) is a Malaysian federal act relating to the administration and management of fisheries, including the conservation and development of maritime and estuarine fishing and fisheries in Malaysia waters, protection to aquatic mammals and turtles and riverine fishing in Malaysia and to matters connected to establishment of marine parks and marine reserves.
The Director-General of Fisheries is the management authority and has absolute powers in making conditions for permits related to fishery resources.
Even though the Director-General has official authority, much of the local fishing industry are under the control of aquaculture gangs, and the act itself has sparked gang violence in many areas regarding the gang\'s control of fishing \"turf\".
## Preamble
- WHEREAS it is expedient to consolidate and amend the written law relating to fisheries, including the conservation, management and development of maritime and estuarine fishing and fisheries, in Malaysian fisheries waters and to turtles and riverine fishing in Malaysia;
- AND WHEREAS by Clause (1) of Article 74 of the Federal Constitution Parliament may make laws with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the Federal List or the Concurrent List, and whereas fisheries, including maritime and estuarine fishing and fisheries (excluding turtles), is a matter enumerated in the Federal List under item 9 of List I of the Ninth Schedule to the Federal Constitution and maritime and estuarine fishing and fisheries are also matters enumerated in the Concurrent List under item 12 of List IIIA of the said Ninth Schedule in respect of the States of Sabah and Sarawak;
- AND WHEREAS by Clause (1)(b) of Article 76 of the Federal Constitution Parliament may make laws with respect to any matter enumerated in the State List for the purpose of promoting uniformity of the laws of two or more States, and whereas turtles and riverine fishing are matters enumerated in the State List under item 12 of List II of the Ninth Schedule of the Federal Constitution
## Structure
The Fisheries Act 1985, in its current form (1 November 2012), consists of 11 Parts containing 62 sections and no schedule (including 2 amendments).
- Part I: Preliminary
- Part II: Administration
- Part III: Fisheries Plans
- Part IV: General Licensing Provisions
- Part V: Foreign Fishing Vessels
- Part VI: Offences
- Part VII: Turtles and Inland Fisheries
- Part VIII: Aquaculture
- Part IX: Marine Parks and Marine Reserves
- Part X: Enforcement
- Part XI: General Provisions
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7,126,858 |
Coventry South West (UK Parliament constituency)
|
**Coventry South West** was a parliamentary constituency in the city of Coventry. It returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
The constituency was created for the February 1974 general election, and abolished for the 1997 general election, when it was partially replaced by Coventry South.
## Boundaries
**1974--1983**: The County Borough of Coventry wards of Cheylesmore, Earlsdon, Westwood, Whoberley, and Woodlands.
**1983--1997**: The City of Coventry wards of Earlsdon, Wainbody, Westwood, Whoberley, and Woodlands.
## Members of Parliament {#members_of_parliament}
Election Member Party
---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
Feb 1974 Audrey Wise Labour
1979 John Butcher Conservative
1997 *constituency abolished: see Coventry South & Coventry North West*
## Elections
### Elections in the 1970s {#elections_in_the_1970s}
### Elections in the 1980s {#elections_in_the_1980s}
### Elections in the 1990s {#elections_in_the_1990s}
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7,126,860 |
Henry Foley (historian)
|
**Henry Foley**, S.J. (9 August 1811 -- 19 November 1891) was an English Jesuit Roman Catholic church historian.
## Biography
He was born at Astley in Worcestershire, England on 9 August 1811. His father was the Protestant curate in charge at Astley. After his early education at home and at a private school at Woodchester, Henry was articled to a firm of solicitors in Worcester, and in the course of time practised as a solicitor, at first in partnership with another, then by himself.
Under the influence of the Oxford Movement, he converted to Catholicism in 1846. Five years later, on the death of his wife Anne, daughter of John Vezard of Gloucestershire, he sought admission as a lay brother into the Society of Jesus. Urged to enter as a scholastic and to prepare for the priesthood, he said it was Our Lady\'s wish that he should be a lay brother. For thirty years he occupied the post of lay brother *socius* to the English provincial superior.
During that time he produced his immense and detailed compilation of historical details, *The Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus* (eight octavo volumes). He also wrote *Jesuits in Conflict*, a work describing the sufferings of some of the English Jesuit Confessors of the Faith.
Foley\'s bodily austerities were remarkable, while his spirit of prayer led him at all free moments to the chapel.
He died at Manresa House, Roehampton, on 19 November 1891.
## Works
- [*Jesuits in Conflict*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ReECAAAAQAAJ). London: Burns and Oates (1873)
- [*Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus*, Vol. I](https://books.google.com/books?id=LiIeAQAAMAAJ). London: Burns and Oates (1877)
- [*Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus*, Vol. II](https://books.google.com/books?id=kallAAAAMAAJ). London: Manresa Press (1875)
- [*Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus*, Vol. III](https://books.google.com/books?id=katlAAAAMAAJ&pg=PAiii). London: Burns and Oates (1878)
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7,126,862 |
Brooklyn, Queens County, Nova Scotia
|
**Brooklyn** (2021 population: 849) is a suburban community in the Region of Queens Municipality in Queens County, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Located on the east bank of the Mersey River opposite Liverpool, Brooklyn was originally known as Herring Cove and was the building place of the noted privateer brig *Rover*. The name Brooklyn was placed on the map in 1907 when the Halifax and Southwestern Railway opened between Yarmouth and Halifax.
In 1929, Bowater Mersey Paper Company Limited opened a large pulp and paper plant in Brooklyn to produce newsprint; until its closure in 2012, it was the area\'s largest employer. This industrial site has since been redeveloped as a mixed use industrial and commercial facility. As of 2019, the largest firm is *Aqualitas*, a cannabis cultivation company. *Lloyoll Built* is a prefabricated and modular home builder.
CN Rail abandoned rail service during the early 1980s, this being the former Halifax and Southwestern Railway. Many of the rail beds have been repurposed as multi-use trails.
Brooklyn native, Hank Snow is honoured by the Hank Snow Country Music Centre and co-located Nova Scotia Country Music Hall of Fame which are housed in the restored heritage railway station in neighboring Liverpool.
In 2020, organist Xaver Varnus bought the Pilgrim United Church, which was built in 1895, installed a Casavant Frères concert organ, and re-opened it as his private concert hall.
## Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Brooklyn had a population of 849 living in 424 of its 449 total private dwellings, a change of `{{percentage|{{#expr:849-916}}`{=mediawiki}\|916\|1}} from its 2016 population of 916. With a land area of 9.44 km2, it had a population density of `{{Pop density|849|9.44|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}`{=mediawiki} in 2021.
## Recreation
The Brooklyn Marina is a recreational facility for sailboats and power boats. It was established in 1995, and is adjacent to the Waterfront Park. It has recently become a centre of local musical entertainment, hosting weekly musical gatherings.
Queens Place Emera Centre is a major, modern recreation centre that serves the entire Regional Municipality of Queens. The NHL-sized ice surface has double-sided permanent seating for 1000 spectators. Queens Place was built along with a large Best Western hotel complex to facilitate large tournaments and thus draw visitors to the area.
Beach Meadows beach is just outside Brooklyn and offers a lengthy stretch of white sand beachfront, protected by Coffin Island which lies approximately 1 km offshore.
The Brooklyn Recreation Committee is a volunteer drive organization composed of residents who maintain the Hank Snow Playground, the Waterfront Park and other green spaces in the village as well as renting out the Brooklyn Community Hall.
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7,126,886 |
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Airport
|
`{{stack end}}`{=mediawiki}
**Cocos (Keeling) Islands Airport** (*Lapangan Terbang Pulu Koko (Keeling)*) `{{airport codes|CCK|YPCC}}`{=mediawiki} is an airport serving the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, a territory of Australia located in the Indian Ocean. The airport is on West Island, one of the South Keeling Islands and capital of the territory.
## History
The airfield was built during World War II to support Allied aircraft in the war against Japan. Two airstrips were built, and three bomber squadrons were moved to the islands to conduct raids against Japanese targets in Southeast Asia and to provide support during the planned re-invasion of Malaya and reconquest of Singapore. The first aircraft to arrive were Supermarine Spitfire Mk VIIIs of No. 136 Squadron RAF. They included some B-24 Liberator bombers from No. 321 (Netherlands) Squadron RAF (members of exiled Dutch forces serving with the Royal Air Force), which were also stationed on the islands. `{{clearleft}}`{=mediawiki} South African Airways aircraft operated between Johannesburg and Perth refuelled at this airport en-route before 1970.
The 2016 Australian Defence White Paper stated that the airfield would be upgraded to support the RAAF\'s P-8 Poseidon maritime patrol aircraft. Work was scheduled to begin in early 2023 and completed by 2026, though the costs of the upgrade had increased significantly. It is planned that the airfield will act as a forward operating base for Australian surveillance and electronic warfare aircraft in the region.
## Facilities
The airport has one runway, designated 15/33, with an asphalt surface measuring 2441 x and an elevation of 10 ft above sea level.
## Airlines and destinations {#airlines_and_destinations}
## Statistics
Cocos Island Airport served 14,896 revenue passengers during financial year 2017--2018.`{{refn|group=a|name=FISCAL|Fiscal year 1 July – 30 June}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Bar graph
| title = Annual passenger and aircraft statistics for Cocos Island Airport<ref name="BITRE" />
| bar_width = 18
| width_units = em
| label_type = Year{{refn|group=a|name=FISCAL}}
| label1 = 2001–02
| label2 = 2002–03
| label3 = 2003–04
| label4 = 2004–05
| label5 = 2005–06
| label6 = 2006–07
| label7 = 2007–08
| label8 = 2008–09
| label9 = 2009–10
| label10 = 2010–11
| label11 = 2011–12
| label12 = 2012–13
| label13 = 2013–14
| label14 = 2014–15
| label15 = 2015–16
| label16 = 2016–17
| label17 = 2017–18
| data_type = Revenue passengers
| data_max = 18,000
| data1 = 4,740
| data2 = 4,328
| data3 = 4,976
| data4 = 5,631
| data5 = 5,632
| data6 = 6,501
| data7 = 6,510
| data8 = 5,611
| data9 = 9,129
| data10 = 15,712
| data11 = 7,957
| data12 = 14,478
| data13 = 8,664
| data14 = 11,323
| data15 = 17,659
| data16 = 16,387
| data17 = 14,896
| col2_data_type = Aircraft movements
| col2_data_max = 500
| col2_data1 = 218
| col2_data2 = 212
| col2_data3 = 218
| col2_data4 = 226
| col2_data5 = 224
| col2_data6 = 232
| col2_data7 = 320
| col2_data8 = 238
| col2_data9 = 302
| col2_data10 = 303
| col2_data11 = 277
| col2_data12 = 454
| col2_data13 = 398
| col2_data14 = 360
| col2_data15 = 308
| col2_data16 = 345
| col2_data17 = 260
}}`{=mediawiki}
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7,126,889 |
Kleinensiel station
|
**Kleinensiel** (*Bahnhof Kleinensiel*) is a railway station located in Kleinensiel, Germany. The station is located on the Hude-Blexen railway. The train services are operated by NordWestBahn. The station has been part of the Bremen S-Bahn since December 2010.
Before the Weser tunnel was opened, the railway crossing adjacent to the station was part of one of the main ferry approaches to cross the Weser river, often resulting in delays for motorists when closed. A bit south of the station, a freight track branches off the line to serve the KKU nuclear power plant.
## Train services {#train_services}
The following services currently call at the station:
- Bremen S-Bahn services `{{Bahnlinie|RB||RS 4}}`{=mediawiki} *Nordenham - Hude - Delmenhorst - Bremen*
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7,126,906 |
Dorita Fairlie Bruce
|
**Dorita Fairlie Bruce** (20 May 1885`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}21 September 1970) was a Scottish children\'s author who wrote the popular *Dimsie* series of books published between 1921 and 1941. Her books were second in popularity only to Angela Brazil\'s during the 1920s and 1930s. The Dimsie books alone had sold half a million hardback copies by 1947.
## Early life {#early_life}
Dorita Fairlie Bruce, was born as Dorothy Morris Fairlie Bruce, in Palos, Heulva, Spain, on 20 May 1885,`{{r|ODNB-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} to Alexander Fairlie Bruce `{{post-nominal|list=[[Institution of Civil Engineers|MICE]]}}`{=mediawiki} (7 September 1857`{{r|ICE-AFBruce}}`{=mediawiki}`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}20 January 1944),`{{r|Probate-AFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} a Scottish civil engineer, and Katherine (Kate) Elizabeth Fairbairn (c.1861`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}1931), the daughter of William Freebairn of Drummilling, West Kilbride, Ayreshire. Alexander was working on the Heulva waterworks in Spain at the time.`{{r|ICE-AFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} The early years in Spain resulted in Dorothy begin known as \"Dorita\".`{{r|ODNB-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki}`{{refn|group=note|The Spanish equivalent of Dorothy is Dorotea, and Dorita is a diminutive form of the name, or of any female name starting with Dor.{{r|Meaning-Dorita}}}}`{=mediawiki}
Bruce\'s early childhood was spent in Scotland, first at Blanefield among the Campsie Hills, Stirling, an area that was to feature in many of her early stories,`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki} and then at Blairgowrie, Perthshire, where her brother Alan Cathcart Fairlie Bruce (2 March 1894`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}10 October 1927)`{{r|ADM-196-ACFBruce}}`{=mediawiki}`{{refn|group=note|Alan joined the [[Royal Navy]] as a [[Midshipman]] on 1 January 1915. He retired from active service on 25 November 1921 and applied for a Master's Cert from the Board of Trade on 1 December 1922. The certificate was issued in 1923, and he got permission to travel to [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]],{{refn|group=note|As a reserve officer, he needed formal permission to leave the UK.}} to take up an appointment under the colonial office.{{r|ADM-196-ACFBruce}} He died in the Fraser Nursing home in Colombo on 10 October 1927,{{r|Probate-ACFBruce}} following an operation.{{r|Dth-Notice-ACFBruce}}}}`{=mediawiki} her only sibling, was born. In 1895 her father got the contract to build the Staines Reservoirs, next to what is now Heathrow Airport and the family moved south to Ealing in west London.`{{r|ODNB-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki}
After moving to London Bruce was sent to a boarding school at Clarence House in Roehampton, the model for Dimsie\'s school, the \'Jane Willard Foundation\'.`{{r|ODNB-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} Many of her holidays were spent with relations in Scotland, particularly the Firth of Clyde area around Largs in Ayrshire, which was later to become her particular literary landscape. Her mother\'s family lived in West Kilbride, a few miles south of Largs.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}`{{refn|group=note|The text on this archived website is largely based on Eva M. Löfgren's PhD Thesis at Stockholm University, 1993 – published as: Löfgren, Eva Margareta. "'Schoolmates of the long-ago': motifs and archetypes in Dorita Fairlie Bruce's boarding school stories", Stockholm: Symposion Graduale, 1993, (Diss., Stockholm University) (Skrifter utgivna av Svenska barnboksinstitutet. No 47) {{ISBN|91-7139-141-X}}}}`{=mediawiki}
At the time of the 1901 census, the family were living at 28 Inglis Road in Ealing. By the 1911 census the family have moved to 27 Boileau Road in Ealing, which was to remain the family home until at least 1944 when Bruce\'s father died there.
Bruce\'s paternal grandmother, Roberta Cadell, was a daughter of Robert Cadell, Sir Walter Scott\'s publisher, who is mentioned briefly in her historical novel, *A Laverock Lilting*.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki} The Cadell family genealogy is available online.`{{r|Cadell-Family-History}}`{=mediawiki}
Apart from her writing, Bruce seems to have led a life similar to that of many other unmarried middle-class women of her time, devoted to family duties and voluntary work. She looked after her invalid mother and later her ageing father, and helped to bring up her brother\'s three children after his early death. For more than 30 years, from about 1916 to the late 40s, she was engaged in the Girls\' Guildry.`{{r|Guildry-History}}`{=mediawiki} This was a uniformed girls\' organisation founded in 1900 by Dr William Francis Somerville and originally associated with the Church of Scotland, but later spread over other parts of Britain and the Empire.`{{refn|group=note|In 1939, The Girls' Guildry had about 24,000 members spread over 475 companies, with 338 in Scotland, 131 in England, and 3 each in Wales and Northern Ireland.{{r|Springhall-1977-131}}}}`{=mediawiki} She was for a period in the 30s President of its West London Centre. She contributed factual articles to the *Lamp of the Girls\' Guildry* magazine and Girls\' Guildry plays a role in her *Nancy* series and gets a mention in her Dimsie series.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki} In July 1965 The Girls\' Guildry merged the Girls\' Life Brigade Service of England and the Girls Brigade of Ireland to become the Girls\' Brigade.`{{r|Guildry-Amalgamation}}`{=mediawiki}
Bruce was above all, in spite of all her years in London, a Scottish writer. She often went back to Scotland for holidays, as witnessed by the detailed descriptions of the landscape in her many books set there. Not until 1949 was she free to move back to Scotland, to the big house she had bought in Upper Skelmorlie in the northern part of Ayrshire.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki} In this house with its marvellous view of the Firth of Clyde, and named \'Triffeny\' after one of her own books, she spent the last 21 years of her life,`{{r|ODNB-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} dying there aged 85 on 21 September 1970.`{{r|Probate-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki}
## Writing
Like so many other writers she started writing at an early age and is said to have won a competition for poetry at the age of six. The first time she used her pen name \'Dorita\' was in small hand-written magazines. After leaving school she wrote a great number of poems and short stories in various genres for juvenile periodicals and anthologies from about 1905.`{{r|ODNB-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} Most of her short stories are set in Scotland, like the \'Regiment\' stories, about two children and their pets living with their grandmother in the Campsie Hills. This is also partly the setting of the long historical romance \"Greenmantle\" (*The Girl\'s Realm*, 1914--15).`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Her first known school story, \"The Rounders Match\" (*The Girl\'s Realm*, 1909)`{{r|Sims-Clare-2020|p=121}}`{=mediawiki} is set in a school, \'St. Hilary\'s\', vaguely reminiscent of Clarence House. The three early \'Jane\'s\' short stories (\"The Jane-Willard Election\" (1911),`{{r|Sims-Clare-2020|p=122}}`{=mediawiki} \"The Terra-Cotta Coat\", \"For Mona\'s Sake\", 1911--18) -- set before the arrival of Dimsie herself -- would eventually lead up to her first novel, *The Senior Prefect* (1921), later renamed *Dimsie Goes to School*.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
She was a pioneer in creating series of books which followed a group of girls throughout their schooldays and even beyond. Her *Dimsie*, *Nancy* and *Springdale* series all follow this pattern, which was widely imitated.`{{r|Gosling-History}}`{=mediawiki}
The Colmskirk sequence, a set of nine novels for young adults, widened her scope, dealing with a group of families in the Scottish countryside around Largs from the seventeenth century to the twentieth.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
## Books and Series {#books_and_series}
The following lists of books are based on a search`{{r|Jisc-Search-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} on the Jisc Library Hub Discover.`{{refn|group=note|The [[Jisc]] Library Hub Discover brings together the catalogues of 165 major UK and Irish libraries. Additional libraries are being added all the time, and the catalogue collates national, university, and research libraries.{{r|Jisc-165|Jisc-about}}}}`{=mediawiki} supported by other sources (as indicated) including Sims and Clare,`{{r|Sims-Clare-2020}}`{=mediawiki} D. L Kirkpatrick,`{{r|Kirkpatrick-1983|p=130-131}}`{=mediawiki} R. Kirkpatrick,`{{r|Kirkpatrick-2019}}`{=mediawiki} and Abe Books.`{{r|Abe-Search-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} The reading order shown for each series (in the Ord. column of the tables) is taken from Sim and Clare.`{{r|Sims-Clare-2020|p=123-124}}`{=mediawiki}
One feature of the different series, other than the Sally series, is that characters from one series appear in other series. Dimsie and her friends appear in the Springdale books, while Anne and Primula are the principal characters in *Dimsie Carries On*. They also appear briefly in *Nancy at St. Bride\'s*. One girl from Maudsley is mentioned in *Dimsie Intervenes*, and another is a principal character in *Toby at Tibbs Cross*. Characters from the Dimsie series reappear in *The School on the Moor*. Lastly we meet Primula Mary in the last Colmskirk book, *The Bartle Bequest*, as if Colmskirk were not another incarnation of the Redchurch of her own school.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
### Dimsie
Bruce\'s best known books are the nine \'Dimsie\' books (1921--41), seven of them set in the \'Jane Willard Foundation\' (\'Jane\'s\') in Kent, the other two in Dimsie\'s family home, \'Twinkle Tap\' on \'Loch Shee\' (Gael. \'Loch of the Fairies\') in Argyll. Any exact site has never been identified. Jane\'s is situated on the Kentish coast, most likely at St. Margaret\'s Bay, but the buildings are clearly modelled on Bruce\'s own old school, Clarence House. The school stories follow Dimsie (Daphne Isabel Maitland) from 10 year old Junior to popular head girl. The Dimsie books are famous for the \'Anti-Soppists\', a group of six girls acting for the good of the school.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Two of the Dimsie books, *Dimsie Intervenes* (1936), and the final book *Dimsie Carries on* (1941) were written in response to reader\'s requests and letters.`{{r|Rosoff-Spencer|p=30}}`{=mediawiki}
In the last book, *Dimsie Carries on* (1941), set during WW2, she is married to Dr Peter Gilmour, has two children and makes medicines from her own herb garden. The books were not published in the correct reading order. The Dimsie books were very popular. Half-a-million Dimsie books had been sold by 1947.`{{r|Auchmuty-1992-15}}`{=mediawiki}
The twelfth book listed below, *Dimsie Takes Charge*, is outside the series and was a collection of all of the short stories featuring Dimsie and the Jane Willard Foundation that had appeared in annuals and story books, published to celebrate the centenary of Bruce\'s birth. The same collection was published in 2011 as *Dimsie and the Jane Willard Foundation.* (ISBN 9781847451064) by Girls Gone By Publishers with the original texts.
Ser. Year Title Illustrator Location Publisher p\. Ord. Note
------ ------ ---------------------------------------------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------- ------------------ ------ ------
1 1920 The Senior Prefect AKA Dimsie goes to school Walter Paget London OUP 270 p. ill., 8º 1
2 1921 Dimsie Moves Up Walter Paget London OUP 254 p. ill., 8º 2
3 1922 Dimsie Moves Up Again, etc Gertrude Demain Hammond London OUP 288 p., 8º 3
4 1923 Dimsie among the Prefects, etc Gertrude Demain Hammond London OUP 288 p., 8º 4
5 1924 Dimsie Grows Up, etc Henry Coller London OUP 288 p., 8º 7
6 1925 Dimsie, Head-Girl, etc Mary Strange Reeve London OUP 280 p., 8º 5
7 1927 Dimsie Goes Back, etc Mary Strange Reeve London OUP viii, 277 p., 8º 8
8 1932 The Dimsie Omnibus London OUP 3 parts, 8º
9 1933 The New Dimsie Omnibus London OUP 3 parts, 8º
10 1937 Dimsie Intervenes M. D. Johnson London OUP 286 p., 8º 6
11 1942 Dimsie carries on W. Bryce Hamilton London OUP 254 p. ill., 8º 9
12 1985 Dimsie Takes Charge Wendover Goodchild 224 p., 8º 10
: Books by Dorita Fairlie Bruce in the Dimsie series
### The St. Bride\'s and Maudsley (Nancy) series {#the_st._brides_and_maudsley_nancy_series}
Her second series of school stories may be seen as two different series connected by the character of Nancy Caird. The three \'St. Bride\'s\' books are set in an island in the \'Hebrides\', more or less identical with Great Cumbrae opposite Largs. The first book, *The Girls of St. Bride\'s* (1923), actually takes place a few years before the arrival of Nancy. The five \'Maudsley\' books, on the other hand, are set in a day school in a town in southern England, probably based on Farnham in Surrey, where Nancy spends a few years between her two sojourns at St. Bride\'s. The Maudsley books are probably the most significant manifestations of the Girls\' Guildry in girls\' fiction. The last Nancy book, *Nancy Calls the Tune* (1944) is another \'adult\' sequel, about life in a small town in Scotland, probably Crieff in Perth, during the War.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Ser. Year Title Illustrator Location Publisher p\. Ord. Note
------ ------ ------------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- ----------- ------------- ------ ------
1 1923 The Girls of St. Bride\'s, etc Henry Coller London OUP 288 p., 8º 1
2 1925 That Boarding School Girl Roy London OUP 160 p., 8º 3
3 1926 The New Girl and Nancy, etc Mary Strange Reeve London OUP 288 p., 8º 4
4 1927 Nancy to the Rescue London OUP 159 p., 8º 5
5 1931 The best bat in the school D. Osborne London OUP 95 p., 8º 6
6 1933 Nancy at St Bride\'s M. D. Johnson London OUP 288 p., 8º 2
7 1935 Nancy in the Sixth M. D. Johnson London OUP 288 p., 8º 7
8 1937 The Dorita Bruce Omnibus London OUP 3 parts, 8º
9 1938 Nancy Returns to St. Bride\'s, etc M. D. Johnson London OUP 288 p., 8º 8
10 1944 Nancy calls the Tune Margaret Horder London OUP 192 p., 8º 9
: Books by Dorita Fairlie Bruce in the St. Bride\'s and Maudsley (Nancy) series
### The Springdale series {#the_springdale_series}
The six \'Springdale\' books are Bruce\'s most Scottish school stories, set in the little seaside resort \'Redchurch\', without a doubt modelled on Largs. But Springdale is a far larger school than \'Jane\'s\', a more typical English public school with five, later six, different houses and a more complex prefect system. These books follow the little group of friends around Anne Willoughby and Primula Mary Beton through their schooldays, from new juniors to prefects. Anne\'s elder sister Peggy and some of her contemporaries are among the principal characters in the first three books.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Ser. Year Title Illustrator Location Publisher p\. Ord. Note
------ ------ ----------------------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------- ------------- ------ ------
1 1928 The New House-Captain, etc Mary Strange Reeve London OUP 288 p., 8º 1
2 1930 The Best House in the School, etc Mary Strange Reeve London OUP 287 p., 8º 2
3 1932 Captain of Springdale, etc Henry Coller London OUP 288 p., 8º 3
4 1934 The new house at Springdale M. D. Johnson London OUP 288 p., 8º 4
5 1935 The Springdale Omnibus London OUP 3 parts, 8º
6 1936 Prefects at Springdale, etc M. D. Johnson London OUP 288 p., 8º 5
7 1939 Captain Anne, etc London OUP 288 p., 8º 6
: Books by Dorita Fairlie Bruce in the Springdale series
### The Toby and Sally series {#the_toby_and_sally_series}
Her last two sets of school stories are shorter, the \'Toby\' books set in two very different schools, *The School on the Moor* on Dartmoor, and *The School in the Wood* in the New Forest respectively, with another \'War\' sequel, *Toby at Tibbs Cross*.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Ser. Year Title Illustrator Location Publisher p\. Ord. Note
------ ------ ------------------------- -------------------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------ ------
16 1931 The School on the Moor Mary Strange Reeve London OUP 285 p., 8º 1
26 1940 The School in the Woods G. M. Anson London OUP 256 p., 8º 2
28 1943 Toby at Tibbs Cross Margaret Horder London OUP 192 p., 8º 3
: Books by Dorita Fairlie Bruce in the Toby series
The three \'Sally\' books, her very last books, turn back to Scotland, but their plots and themes are somewhat different from those of her earlier school stories. What make this series different from the other school series is that the characters are unique. All Bruce\'s series of books, except the Sally books, are more or less interconnected. It has been suggested that indicates that Bruce had a loyal readership who were familiar with the different series.`{{r|Rosoff-Spencer|p=10}}`{=mediawiki}
Ser. Year Title Illustrator Location Publisher p\. Ord. Note
------ ------ ---------------------- --------------- ---------- --------------- ------------ ------ ------
1 1956 Sally Scatterbrain Betty Ladler London Blackie & Son 253 p., 8º 1
2 1959 Sally Again Betty Ladler London Blackie & Son 238 p., 8º 2
3 1961 Sally\'s Summer Term Joan Thompson London Blackie & Son 224 p., 8º 3
: Books by Dorita Fairlie Bruce in the Sally series
### The Colmskirk series {#the_colmskirk_series}
The \'Colmskirk\' series is different from her school stories, nine young adult novels about a group of families living in and around Largs (\'Colmskirk\') and West Kilbride (\'Kirkarlie\') from the 17th C to post WW2 time. The first four of them are historical. This is probably the kind of novels Sylvia Drummond is supposed to write in the later Dimsie books, and Bruce evidently wanted to consider these books her more \'serious\' works. They are full of references both to the history and church history of Scotland and to local traditions.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Ser. Year Title Illustrator Location Publisher p\. Ord. Note
------ ------ ------------------------- ------------------- ---------- ------------------- ----------------- ------ ------
1 1930 The King\'s Curate London John Murray 316 p, 8º 1
2 1932 Mistress Mariner London John Murray 365 p., 8º 2
3 1945 A Laverock Lilting Margaret Horder London OUP 190 p., 8vo. 3
4 1945 Wild Goose Quest London Lutterworth Press 256 p., 8º 5
5 1947 The Serendipity Shop Margaret Horder London OUP 205 p., 8º 6
6 1950 Triffeny Margaret Horder London OUP viii, 275 p. 6
7 1952 The Bees on Drumwhinnie Margaret Horder London OUP 273 p., 8º 4
8 1953 The Debatable Mound Patricia M. Lambe London OUP vii, 232 p., 8º 8
9 1955 The Bartle Bequest Sylvia Green London OUP vii, 253 p., 8º 9
### Stories
- *Erica the Ever-right* in *The Great Book of School Stories for Girls*, Mrs Herbert Strang (ed.), (c.1930s), Humphrey Milford, OUP
- *The School For Scandal* in *The Big Book Of School Stories For Girls*, Mrs Herbert Strang (ed.), (1931), Humphrey Milford
- *The Influence Of Anne* in *The Big Book For Girls*, Mrs Herbert Strang (ed.), (1925), Humphrey Milford
- *Captain Betsy* in *Happy Stories For Girls*, (c. 1930s), Humphrey Milford
- *The Smugglers Of Portincross* in *The Great Book For Girls* Mrs Herbert Strang (ed.), (c. 1930s), Humphrey Milford and *The Big Book For Girls* Mrs Herbert Strang (ed.), (1935), Humphrey Milford
- *All Fools Day* in *The Big Book Of School Stories For Girls*Mrs Herbert Strang (ed.), (1930), Humphrey Milford
- *The Monster of Loch Shee* in *The Oxford Annual For Girls* Oxford University Press (1934)
## Locations used in Bruce\'s books {#locations_used_in_bruces_books}
### Clarence House -- Jane Willard Foundation {#clarence_house_jane_willard_foundation}
The buildings and grounds of Jane\'s were modelled on Bruce\'s old school in South West London, on Priory Lane, south of Upper Richmond Rd (SW15).`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Clarence House`{{refn|group=note|Not to be confused with [[Clarence House]], the [[List of British royal residences|British royal residence]] on [[The Mall, London|The Mall]] in the [[City of Westminster]], London.}}`{=mediawiki} was originally built c. 1730 and for a time owned by the Duke of Clarence, later William IV. The buildings were used as a girls\' school from 1867 to about 1919, as a junior school for the Royal School for Daughters of Military Officers until 1885. The grounds were bought by the Bank of England and were for many years part of their sports grounds. The buildings were demolished in 1934.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
The site of Clarence House is now wholly changed and occupied by the new National Tennis Centre opened by the Lawn Tennis Association in 2007.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
### St. Margaret\'s Bay -- St Elstrith\'s Bay {#st._margarets_bay_st_elstriths_bay}
6 km W of Dover, is the most likely site for \'St. Elstrith\'s Bay\'.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
This used to be a popular seaside resort from the early 19th century to WW2, when most of the buildings in the Bay itself were destroyed. The Bay is now also more shallow after erosion of flanking cliffs, but wooden flights of stairs still climb the cliff from the beach, which is still good for swimming. There are caves visible in the white cliff, memories of their smuggling past. Many ships have been stranded here during the centuries, so the wreck featured in the Dimsie books is certainly realistic.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
The upper village, St Margaret\'s at Cliffe, with its Norman church, was still fairly old-fashioned in the 1980s. South Sands Lodge is the most likely model for \'St. Elstrith Lodge\', and you may still see South Forland Lighthouse, the \'old lighthouse\' of the Dimsie books.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
### Largs and the Firth of Clyde Area {#largs_and_the_firth_of_clyde_area}
Largs and the Firth of Clyde Area is the central landscape in Bruce\'s work, the scene of nearly half her books. Ayrshire is known as \'Brigshire\' in the Springdale books. Largs itself is a pleasant seaside resort with a beautiful view of the Firth of Clyde, The Cumbrae Islands, and, in fine weather, the distant peaks of Arran. This is the \'Redchurch\' of the Springdale and St. Bride\'s books, and the \'Colmskirk\' of the Colmskirk novels, both names obviously derived from the parish church, St. Columba\'s, built in 1892 by red sandstone and quite a landmark with its lofty spire.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
A visitor may follow the Springdale or Colmskirk characters along the streets of Largs and its surroundings. Four of the \'Springdale\' houses still lie along Greenock Rd, just N of the church, though what must have been the \'Rowans\' is now mostly hidden behind Nardini\'s Restaurant.`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
## Assessment
The *Dundee Courier* called Bruce \"a writer who makes girlhood real in a delightful way.\"`{{r|Girlhood-Real}}`{=mediawiki} Bruce was one of the *Big Four* of girls\' school fiction, together with Angela Brazil, Elsie Oxenham, and Elinor Brent-Dyer. Auchmuty calls Bruce one of the *Big Three*, and excludes Angela Brazil.`{{r|Zipes-2006-V1-222}}`{=mediawiki} Auchmurty notes that all of the big three dedicated books to each other,`{{r|Passing-Phase-122}}`{=mediawiki}`{{refn|group=note|The other major author of Girls' School Stories was [[Enid Blyton]], but she only started producing them in the 1940s and early 1950s. Auchmuty's ''A World of Girls'' (1992) adds Blyton to the big three as the fourth author she reviews.{{r|Auchmuty-1992-15}}}}`{=mediawiki} and these authors were very successful commercially between the wars.`{{r|Humphrey-2000|p=3}}`{=mediawiki}
Clare notes that the interest of Bruce\'s school stories \"depends chiefly not on romantic settings or exciting incidents (although both occur) but on the interplay of characters and the resolution of personal dilemmas within the limits of a small, clearly defined community.\"`{{r|ODNB-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} Lofgren makes the same point, stating that \"Bruce\'s school stories are more concentrated on the intrinsic themes offered by the (boarding) school as a small society of girls, than those by many other writers.\"`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Lofgren and Clare both praise Bruce\'s plotting. \"Her plots are tightly constructed and her school backgrounds very real\"`{{r|ODNB-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki} \"Her plots are skilfully built around the relations between schoolgirls of the same or different ages: friendship, rivalry and conflicts. . . \'Outside\' adventures and mysteries are normally well incorporated in the central plot . . .\"`{{r|Lofgren-Bruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Sims and Clare state that Bruce \"was perhaps the most skilful exponent of the traditional girls' school story of the 20s and 30s, with plots deftly exploring the narrative potential of the schoolgirl community, in particular relationships between girls of different age groups and conflicts between friendship and rivalry. Even the elements of mystery and adventure are wholly integrated into the plots.\"`{{r|Sims-Clare-2020|p=123}}`{=mediawiki} Cadogan, in comparing Bruce with Angela Brazil states that \"Bruce\'s plots and characterizations have a subtlety and an uncontrived exuberance that are lacking in many of Brazil\'s stories\"`{{r|Kirkpatrick-1983|p=131}}`{=mediawiki} Clare states that the overall quality of Bruce\'s books is higher than those of Oxenham or Brent-Dyer.`{{r|ODNB-DFBruce}}`{=mediawiki}
Cadogan calls Bruce\'s *Dimsie*, *Nancy* and *Springdale* series her most memorable books.`{{r|Kirkpatrick-1983|p=131}}`{=mediawiki} Sneddon says that these three series \"include some of the best girls\' school stories ever written.\"`{{r|Sneddon-1998|p=18}}`{=mediawiki}
## Availability
Unlike her near contemporary Elinor Brent-Dyer, Bruce was not republished in paperback editions. The new editions of the Dimsie books in the 1980s, including a collection of short stories, are heavily updated, removing the books from their original period.
Attractive, unabridged, paperback editions of some of Bruce\'s books were published by Girls Gone By Publishers, but these are now (September 2020) out of print, and are only available from second-hand booksellers. The Girls Gone By editions have well researched introductions and original illustrations and cover art.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,922 |
Hayle Estuary
|
The **Hayle Estuary** (*\'\'\'Heyl\'\'\'*, meaning *estuary*) is an estuary in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is one of the few natural harbours on the north coast of south-west England and during the prehistoric and early medieval periods was important for trade and the movement of people and ideas.
The estuary of the River Hayle consists of a main channel, with several other nearby tidal areas, including Lelant Saltings, Copperhouse Creek (*Est Logh*, meaning *eastern inlet*) and Carnsew Pool (also known as Carnsew Basin). It is included in the Hayle Estuary and Carrack Gladden Site of Special Scientific Interest. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds manages a nature reserve at the site.
## History
Due to the estuary being one of the few natural harbours on the north coast of south-west England, it was important for trade and the movement of people and ideas. A hillfort, overlooks the estuary at Carnsew, and dates from the later prehistoric period. Prehistoric artifacts with Irish connections have been found around the estuary, and in the early medieval period some of the earliest post-Roman evidence for Christianity in Cornwall, which also had strong Irish influences. Set into the lower slope of the hillfort is an early-Christian memorial stone known as the ″Cunaide Stone″, which was discovered in 1843. Research on the inscription suggests it dates to the 5th-century AD, has European inspiration and the name is possibly Irish in origin. Religion and trade continued during the early medieval period with pilgrimages to St Michael\'s Mount and European shrines, but trade declined during the later medieval period when the estuary became choked by silt due to tin extraction up river.
The Cornish Copper Company moved to Hayle in 1757 and built a copper smelting works the following year on the eastern part of the estuary, on what is now known as Copperhouse Pool. Access to the open sea was difficult and one of the earliest surviving industrial buildings in Hayle. a canal and dock, was completed in 1769. Harvey\'s Foundry was established in 1779 at the head of Penpol Creek by John Harvey to serve local mines. Harvey\'s built South Quay in 1819 which increased silting in shipping channels; a problem initially resolved by impounding Copperhouse Pool. Carnsew Pool was created in 1834 to impound tidal water, following the building of East Quay by the Cornish Copper Company, which caused the deep water channels used by Harvey\'s to fill with silt. The sides of Carnsew Pool are built of rubble and slag, and New Pier was also built, to direct water through sluices, into the estuary; thus flushing silt out of the river channel adjacent to Harvey\'s foundry. The complex system maintained the port facilities which allowed the two competing foundries to increase their national and international roles. As well as building steam engines, Harvey\'s developed their business with overseas exports, shipbuilding and ship-breaking. Harvey\'s fleet of 79 ships built at Hayle including the 4000 ton SS *Ramleh* in 1891; the largest ship to be built in Cornwall.
The two rival companies were responsible for the development of Hayle into a major industrial port in the 18th and 19th-centuries, servicing the tin and copper mining industry of West Cornwall. About 1811, Sea Lane (or Black Road) was built across Copperhouse Creek to further improve access between the works at Copperhouse and the company\'s main shipping facilities at North Quay. The buildings around the creek was mostly built from blocks of slag, called scoria; waste material from the smelter, providing a distinctive building material. Hence the name ″Black Road″.
### Transport
In 1825 an Act of Parliament established the *Hayle Bridge Causeway and Turnpike Trust* which was required to construct a bridge, causeway and turnpike over the Hayle River from Griggs Quay (`{{gbmapping|SW545363}}`{=mediawiki}) in the west to Phillack in the east. The turnpike was needed to ease the transport of copper ore to the port at Hayle for export. A second Act was passed in 1837 to establish the *Griggs Quay to Penzance Turnpike* and in 1839 an Act formed a third trust, the *Hayle and Redruth Turnpike* to complete the turnpike to Redruth. The running of the turnpike was overseen by the winner of a public auction. For the year 1880, the winning bid was £591 10s. In 1885 the management of the causeway by the turnpike came to an end and the White house (tollhouse) on the eastern end, along with the garden and three granite posts was put up for auction on 30 October 1885.
The Hayle Railway was built in the 1830s, as a single-track for the movement of minerals from the mines at Camborne and Redruth. Its western terminal was at Penpol (under the viaduct of the current railway), followed part of the northern shore of Copperhouse Pool and then via an inclined plane at Angarrack, on to Redruth.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,951 |
Joy N. Houck Jr.
|
**Joy Newton Houck Jr.** (January 26, 1942 -- October 1, 2003) was an American actor, screenwriter and film director who is probably best known for *Creature from Black Lake,* one of the many Bigfoot horror films of the 1970s.
His father, Joy Newton Houck Sr., founded Howco---a production and distribution company for low-budget films.
## Filmography
### Director
Year Title Role Notes
------ ---------------------------- ------ -------
1969 *Women and Bloody Terror*
1969 *Night of Bloody Horror*
1972 *The Brain Machine*
1975 *Night of the Strangler*
1976 *Creature from Black Lake*
1994 *The St. Tammy Miracle*
### Actor
Year Title Role Notes
------ ----------------------------- -------------------- ----------
1964 *The Shepherd of the Hills* Ollie Stewart
1974 *Bootleggers* Bobby Joe Woodall
1976 *Creature from Black Lake* Prof. Burch
1977 *The Shadow of Chikara* Half Moon O\'Brian
1984 *Tightrope* Swap Meet Owner
1986 *Down by Law* Detective Mandino
1986 *The Big Easy* Sgt. Guerra
1987 *The Hidden* DeVries\' Neighbor
1991 *Doublecrossed* Turks DEA TV movie
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,990 |
Jacky Terrasson
|
**Jacky Terrasson** (born November 27, 1965) is a French jazz pianist and composer.
## Background
Terrasson\'s mother is African-American from Georgia, and his father is French. From his parents he heard classical music as a child. He began piano lessons at an early age. He became interested in jazz when he heard his mother\'s albums of Miles Davis and Billie Holiday. Terrasson went to the Berklee College of Music in Boston for two semesters, then performed in clubs as a jazz pianist in Chicago and New York City. In 1993 he won the Thelonious Monk International Jazz Piano Competition. As the leader of a trio, Terrasson recorded his first solo album for Blue Note, then recorded with Jimmy Scott and Cassandra Wilson. He has worked with Stéphane Belmondo, Michael Brecker, Mino Cinélu, Ugonna Okegwo, Leon Parker, Michel Portal, Adam Rodgers, and Cécile McLorin Salvant. The Los Angeles Times heralds him as \"a pianist with a shining improvisational imagination, Terrasson seems clearly determined to follow his own path.\"
## Discography
### As leader/co-leader {#as_leaderco_leader}
- *Moon and Sand* with Tom Harrell (Jazz Aux Ramparts, 1991)
- *Jacky Terrasson* (Blue Note, 1994)
- *Reach* (Blue Note, 1995)
- *Rendezvous* with Cassandra Wilson (Blue Note, 1997)
- *Alive* (Blue Note, 1998) -- live recorded in 1997
- *What It Is* (Blue Note, 1999) -- recorded in 1998
- *A Paris\...* (Blue Note, 2000)
- *Kindred* with Stefon Harris (Blue Note, 2001)
- *Smile* (Blue Note, 2002)
- *Into the Blue* with Emmanuel Pahud (Blue Note, 2003) -- recorded in 2001
- *Mirror* (Blue Note, 2007) -- recorded in 2006
- *Push* (Concord Jazz, 2010) -- recorded in 2009
- *Gouache* (Universal, 2012)
- *Take This* (Impulse!, 2015) -- recorded in 2014
- *Mother* with Stéphane Belmondo (Impulse!, 2016)
- *53* (Blue Note, 2019)
- *Moving On* (Earth-Sounds, 2024)
### As sideman {#as_sideman}
**With Cindy Blackman**
- *In the Now* (Highnote, 1998) -- recorded in 1997
- *Telepathy* (Muse, 1994)
**With Ry Cooder**
- *Music from the Motion Picture Primary Colors* (MCA, 1998)
- *Chavez Ravine* (Nonesuch, 2005)
- *My Name Is Buddy* (Nonesuch, 2007)
**With Philippe Gaillot**
- *Be Cool* (Ilona, 2018)
- *CassIstanmbul* (That Sound, 2022)
**With Javon Jackson**
- *When the Time Is Right* (Blue Note, 1994) - recorded in 1993
- *For One Who Knows* (Blue Note, 1995)
**With others**
- Stefano di Battista, *Stefano di Battista* (Blue Note, 2000)
- Ray Brown, *Ray Brown\'s New Two Bass Hits* (Capri, 1992) -- recorded in 1991
- Jesse Davis, *As We Speak* (Concord Jazz, 1992)
- Eddie Harris, *Freedom Jazz Dance* (Venus, 1994)
- Jon Hassell, *Fascinoma* (Water Lily Acoustics, 1999)
- Irvin Mayfield and Jaz Sawyer, *Live at the Blue Note* (Half Note, 2000) -- live
- Leon Parker, *Above and Below* (Epicure, 1994)
- Dianne Reeves, *Quiet After the Storm* (Blue Note, 1994)
- Antoine Roney, *The Traveler* (Muse, 1994)
- Wallace Roney, *Seth Air* (Muse, 1991)
- Jimmy Scott, *Heaven* (Warner Bros., 1996)
- Art Taylor, *Wailin\' at the Vanguard* (Verve, 1993) -- live recorded in 1992
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,995 |
Enchanted Boy
|
***Enchanted Boy*** is an autobiographical novel by Richie McMullen, published by Gay Men\'s Press in 1989. It describes his childhood from age five to fifteen in post-war working-class Catholic Liverpool. Richie is physically abused by his father, and becomes a rent boy for adult men as a form of escape. The novel was striking for its emotional honesty depicting \"an abused boy turning to the rent scene not just for money, but for affection\". The novel was followed by a sequel, *Enchanted Youth* (GMP, 1990), and formed part of the author\'s lifelong work to address male rape.
## Plot summary {#plot_summary}
Richie is routinely physically abused by his father, a drunk who works in the construction industry. Richie adores his elder brother James and leads a life of petty crime and childhood dares with his friends. At the age of eight, he is molested in a cinema by a man who persuades him to come home with him. From this point, Richie regularly runs away from home and finds that this has the effect of stopping the abuse from his father. He experiments with a friend, Pip, whose prostitution excites and disgusts him in equal measure, and he begins to work as a rent boy. Richie is raped twice: once by an older cousin in the British Merchant Navy, and a second time by a pair of men. At fourteen, falls for Mike, but Mike prefers girls and so their relationship is long-lasting but doomed. The novel ends with Richie at age fifteen, considering moving to London to make his living as a rent boy.
## Reception
*Enchanted Boy* was reviewed in gay periodicals including *Pink Paper*, *Gay Scotland*, and the *Gay Times.* *Pink Paper* said it was \"chiefly notable for the courage of its simplicity and openness\" and suggested McMullen should write a sequel. *Gay Scotland* also praised the book\'s \"wonderful honesty,\" and described the book as \"moving\" while still allowing for dignity, rather than pity, in Richie\'s story. The *Gay Times* was more ambivalent; their review quoted McMullin\'s preface, which asks the reader to \"suspend any judgments which this book might evoke,\" to which the reviewer says, \"maybe that\'s the best thing to do\". Graeme Wollaston at the *Gay Times* named it one of his two \"Books of the Year,\" despite the fact that the writing was sometimes unpolished and \"written in an unfortunate convention \-- a \'dramatised\' autobiography, with dialogue supposedly recalled from many years ago,\" because of the compelling events it describes.
## Sequel
A sequel, *Enchanted Youth*, was published by GMP in 1990. It begins with Richie moving to London in 1958, joining a group of rent boys in Piccadilly Circus. It presents Richie\'s warm memory of camaraderie with other rent boys and a love story with a boy at a public school, as well as harrowing experiences: rape, torture, syphilis, and the murder of one of the other rent boys.
The *Gay Times* called the sequel more narratively polished than *Enchanted Boy*, especially in the structure of its love story subplot, though it found the sex scenes jarring. *The Pink Paper* was less impressed with the writing, describing the book as unfocused due to its attempt to cover too many details, and criticizing its flowery romantic language. *The Observer* concluded that \"\[t\]he intrinsic interest of the subject may allow one to ignore McMullen\'s impossibly purple prose\". *Publishers Weekly* described *Enchanted Youth* as a \"sensitive, revealing memoir\" which \"has its horrors\" but nonetheless \"emphasizes the good in people rather than the sordid or demeaning\".
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,126,997 |
Teodor Meleșcanu
|
**Teodor Viorel Meleșcanu** (`{{IPA|ro|teˈodor meleʃˈkanu}}`{=mediawiki}; born 10 March 1941) is a Romanian politician, diplomat, and jurist. He served as Director of the Foreign Intelligence Service of Romania (SIE) between 2012 and 2014. He was a three times senator on behalf of the National Liberal Party (PNL), Minister of Defense between 2007 and 2008, and Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1992 and 1996, in November 2014 and since January 2017 to July 2019. On 27 February 2012, upon his appointment as head of the SIE, he suspended himself from PNL and was later expelled from the party. On 10 September 2019, he was elected President of the Senate. He resigned from office on 3 February 2020.
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
Born in Brad, Hunedoara County, he was baptized in the town\'s Romanian Orthodox church. Around the age of five, he left for Buteni, his grandparents\' village, located near the Crișul Alb River. Meleșcanu then studied at Moise Nicoară National College in Arad. He graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Bucharest in 1964 and the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Geneva in 1968. In 1973, he obtained a doctorate in political science and international law from the University of Geneva and the Graduate Institute of International Studies.
Between 1966 and 1990 he held various diplomatic functions in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In August 1990 he was named undersecretary of state in this ministry. Between November 1992 and November 1996 he was the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Nicolae Văcăroiu\'s Party of Social Democracy (PDSR) government. In 1996 he campaigned as an independent for election to the Senate from the Prahova County electoral district. He was elected to that body, becoming president of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate of Romania in the 1996--2000 legislature.
In 1997, Meleșcanu founded the Alliance for Romania (*Alianța pentru România*) party, together with several former members of the PDSR (Mircea Coșea, Iosif Boda, and others). He was elected president of this party in December 1997 and re-elected in March 2001. In January 2002, in the wake of the Alliance for Romania\'s merger with the PNL, Meleșcanu became first vice-president of the latter party. Since 2004, he has been a Liberal senator for Prahova, also being a vice-president in the Permanent Bureau of the Senate.
He is a professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Bucharest, and has written a substantial number of works and scientific publications dealing with international law and diplomacy. On February 27, President Traian Băsescu appointed him for the SIE position vacant after the former director Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu\'s ascension to the post of Prime Minister. In 2013 he was awarded Commander\'s Cross with Star of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland.
In November 2014, following the resignation of Titus Corlățean as a result of problems with voting in the Romanian diaspora during the first round of that year\'s presidential election, Meleșcanu was appointed foreign minister. He resigned eight days later, after similar problems took place during the second round. After his resignation, he joined the advisory board of the Fourth Ponta Cabinet regarding security and defense affairs. After Ponta was replaced by Dacian Cioloș, he was dismissed and joined ALDE. In January 2018 he became again Foreign Minister of Romania, this time in Dăncilă Cabinet.
After thousands of Romanians living abroad have experienced difficulties in expressing their vote in the 2019 European Parliament election, Meleșcanu has been accused of premeditated abuse and obstruction of their right to vote. On 6 June 2019, The National Anticorruption Directorate (Romanian: Direcţia Naţională Anticorupţie (DNA)) announced that it has launched a criminal investigation in the matter.
Meleșcanu is a Member of the Advisory Board of the [Global Panel Foundation](http://globalpanel.org), based in Berlin, Copenhagen, Prague, Sydney and Toronto, which works behind-the-scenes in conflict areas around the world.
## Scientific activity {#scientific_activity}
Apart from his diplomatic and political activity, Teodor Melescanu also did a didactic activity. He teaches as a professor at the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Bucharest, the Department of International Relations, being a holder of the courses \"Public International Law\", \"European Security\" and \"The Principles and Practice of Diplomacy\". He also teaches the \"International Negotiation Theory and Practice\" course at the Masters of the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Bucharest and the course \"Public International Law\" at the Masters Courses of the Faculty of History of the University of Bucharest.
Meleşcanu published a wide range of scientific papers and publications related to international law and diplomacy. He is the vice-president of the Association of International Law and International Relations (ADIRI) in Bucharest, a member of the Institute for Political Studies in Bucharest and of the Romanian Institute of International Studies (IRSI).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Meleșcanu was married to Felicia Meleșcanu, a jurist and Romanian Television (TVR) journalist, until her death in January 2004.
## Electoral history {#electoral_history}
### Presidential elections {#presidential_elections}
Election Affiliation First round
---------- ------------- ------------- -------
Votes Percentage Position Votes
2000 241,642
2014 104,131
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,026 |
Chaghaniyan
|
**Chaghaniyan** (Middle Persian: *Chagīnīgān*; *چغانیان* *Chaghāniyān*), known as **al-Saghaniyan** in Arabic sources, was a medieval region and principality located on the right bank of the Oxus River, to the south of Samarkand.
## History
### Hephthalite rule {#hephthalite_rule}
Chaganian was an \"Hephthalite buffer principality\" located between Denov and Termez, and became a sanctuary for the Hephthalites following their defeat against the Sasanian Empire and the First Turkic Khaganate in 563-567 CE. They resettled in Chaganian and other territories of Tokharistan, under their new king Faghanish, who established a dynasty. Soon, the new Hephthalite territories north of the Oxus, to which Chaganian belonged, fell under Western Turk suzerainty, while the territories south of the Oxus were nominally controlled by the Sasanian Empire. The territories under the Turks rebelled in 581 CE.
Their coinage in Chaganian was an imitation of the Sasanian coins of Khusrau I, with sometimes the addition of the name of local rulers.
In 648-651 CE an ambassador from Chaganian named *Pukarzate* is known to have visited king Varkhuman of Samarkand, and appears in the Afrasiyab murals, together with other Central Asian ambassadors. An adjoining inscription reads: \"I am Pukarzate, the dapirpat (chancellor) of Chaganian. I arrived here from Turantash, the lord of Chaganian\". The King of Chaganian named Turantash may have a been a \"Hunnic\" Hephthalite ruler, or one of the local Chaghan Khudah, who seem to have coexisted with the Hephthalites.
<File:ChaghaniyanSogdiancoin.jpg%7CHephthalite> coin of the Principality of Chaghaniyan, with crowned King and Queen, in Byzantine fashion, circa 550-650 CE. Legend in Sogdian. <File:Afrasiab> Sogdian inscription.jpg\|Afrasiab Sogdian inscription mentioning the embassy of Turantash
### Chaghan-Khudah rule {#chaghan_khudah_rule}
During its early history, the region often shifted between Sasanian and Hephthalite control. By the late 7th-century, Chaghaniyan came under the control of presumably Iranian local rulers known as the "Chaghan Khudah". During the Muslim conquest of Persia, the Chaghan Khudah aided the Sasanians against the Rashidun Arabs. However, the Arabs, after having dealt with the Sasanian Empire, began focusing on the local rulers of Khorasan, which included the Chaghan Khudah and many other local rulers. In 652, the Chaghan Khudah, along with the rulers of Talaqan, Guzgan, and Faryab, aided the ruler of southern Tokharistan, the Western Turk Yabghus of Tokharistan, against the Arabs. Nevertheless, the Arabs managed to emerge victorious. However, the Rashidun Caliphate soon fell into civil war, and was conquered by another Arab family, who founded the Umayyad Caliphate in 661.
Under the leadership of Ziyad ibn Abihi, the Umayyad viceroy of the eastern Caliphate, the Arab raids into Central Asia became more organized and his lieutenant governor of Khurasan, al-Hakam ibn Amr al-Ghifari, crossed the Oxus and raided Chaghaniyan in 667. His successor Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi also launched an expedition into the region. According to H. A. R. Gibb, the expeditions against Chaghaniyan and other areas east of the Oxus river seemingly indicated "a methodical plan of conquest" of Soghdiana by Ziyad. In 705, the Arab general Qutayba ibn Muslim managed to make the Chaghan Khudah, whose name is mentioned as Tish, acknowledge Umayyad authority. The real reason for Tish\'s submission, however, was to gain aid in defeating the local rulers of Akharun and Shuman in northern Tokharistan, who had been making incursions against him. Qutayba shortly defeated the two rulers, and forced them to acknowledge Umayyad authority.
However, in 718, Tish, along with Gurak, the king of Samarkand, Narayana, the king of Kumadh, and Tughshada, the Bukhar Khudah of Bukhara, sent an embassy to the Tang dynasty of China, where they asked for aid against the Arabs. Nevertheless, the principality of Chaghaniyan still aided the Arabs against the Turgesh, and were present at the side of the Arabs during the Battle of the Baggage, where they were defeated and the Chaghan Khudah was killed. After the battle, most of Khorasan except Chaghaniyan remained under Arab control. Under Nasr ibn Sayyar, Chaghaniyan was once again a vassal of the Umayyad Caliphate. After this, the Chaghan Khudahs begin to fade from the sources. In the late 8th-century Chaghaniyan fell under the direct control of the Abbasid Caliphate, which had succeeded the Umayyad Caliphate in 750. The Muhtajids, an Iranian dynasty which in the 10th-century gained control over Chaghaniyan, may have been descended from the Chaghan Khudahs.
### Muhtajid rule and aftermath {#muhtajid_rule_and_aftermath}
The founder of the Muhtajid dynasty was Abu Bakr Muhammad, who was a vassal of the Samanids, another Iranian dynasty. He was a loyal supporter of the Samanid ruler Nasr II (914-943), who in return, rewarded him by appointing him as the governor of Khorasan. In 939, Abu Bakr Muhammad fell ill and was replaced from his post by his son Abu \'Ali Chaghani.
In 945, the Samanid ruler Nuh I dismissed Abu \'Ali from the governorship of Khurasan after hearing complaints of the latter\'s harsh rule, and sought to replace him with a Turk, the Simjurid Ibrahim ibn Simjur. Abu \'Ali refused to accept his dismissal and rebelled. He was joined by several prominent Iranian figures such as Abu Mansur Muhammad, whom he appointed as the commander of Khurasan. Abu \'Ali also convinced a Samanid, Nuh\'s uncle Ibrahim ibn Ahmad, to come from Iraq and installed him as ruler in Bukhara when he took the city in 947. Abu \'Ali, now having secured his position, returned to Chaghaniyan. Ibrahim, however, was unpopular with the people of Bukhara, and Nuh soon retaliated by retaking the city and blinding Ibrahim and two brothers. When the news of the re-capture of Bukhara arrived to Abu \'Ali, he once again marched towards Bukhara, but was defeated by an army sent by Nuh and withdrew back to Chaghaniyan. After some time, he left the region and tried to obtain support from other Samanid vassals. Meanwhile, Nuh had Chaghaniyan ravaged and its capital sacked. Another battle shortly ensured between Abu \'Ali and a Samanid army in Tokharistan, which resulted in a Samanid victory. Fortunately for Abu \'Ali, he managed to secure the support of other Samanid vassals, such as the rulers of Khuttal, and the Kumiji mountain people, and in the end made peace with Nuh, who allowed him to keep Chaghaniyan in return for sending his son Abu\'l Muzaffar Abdallah as hostage to Bukhara.
Some time later, Abu \'Ali was sent on an expedition to quell a rebellion near Chaghaniyan under a self-proclaimed prophet known as Mahdi. Abu \'Ali managed to successfully defeat and capture the latter and then had his head sent to Bukhara. In ca. 951/2, Abu \'Ali\'s son Abu\'l Muzaffar Abdallah died in an accident and his corpse was shortly sent to Chaghaniyan, where he was buried.
In 955, Abu \'Ali and one of his sons died of the plague. Their bodies were shortly brought to Chaghaniyan where they were buried. A certain Muhtajid prince, Abu\'l Muzaffar ibn Muhammad, probably the grandson of \'Abu Ali, was then appointed as the new ruler of Chaghaniyan. However, according to some other sources, Abu \'Ali was succeeded by his relative Abu\'l-Hasan Taher.
By the end of the 10th-century, the Muhtajid dynasty became a vassal of the Ghaznavids, who had replaced the Samanids as the dominant power in Transoxiana and Khurasan. In 1025, an unnamed Muhtajid ruler and other Ghaznavid vassals joined the Ghaznavid ruler Mahmud of Ghazna when he crossed the Oxus River to meet his ally, the Karakhanid ruler of Kashgar Qadir-khan Yusuf. During the reign of Mahmud\'s successor Mas\'ud, the governor of Chaghaniyan was a certain Abu\'l-Qasem, who was the son-in-law of Mas\'ud, and may have been a Muhtajid. Some years later, Abu\'l-Qasem had to temporarily leave the province due to an invasion by Karakhanids. No more rulers of Chaghaniyan are mentioned after this, and only a few years later the Seljuks took control of the region. During the reign of the Alp Arslan (r. 1063--1072), his brother Ilyas ibn Chaghri Beg was appointed as the governor of Chaghaniyan. By the 12th-century, the name of the region itself ceases to be used.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,029 |
Henry More (Jesuit)
|
**Henry More** (1586--1661) was an English Jesuit provincial and church historian.
## Biography
Henry More was the son of Edward More, and great-grandson of Thomas More, lord chancellor of England. He was born in 1586 in Essex, according to the majority of the provincial catalogues, though a few of them give Cambridgeshire as the county of his birth. More made his humanity studies in the college of the English Jesuits at St. Omer, and entered the novitiate of St. John\'s, Louvain, 19 November 1607. His higher studies were probably made in Spain.
In 1614, More filled the office of minister in the English college of St. Alban at Valladolid; he held the same office in the college at St. Omer in 1621; and he was professed of the four vows on 12 May 1622. From 1622 until 1632, he was a missioner in the London district.
More was one of the Jesuits arrested at the Clerkenwell residence by the officers of the privy council in March 1628. In 1632, he was in confinement in the New Prison, London, and was released in December 1633. He then became chaplain to John Petre at Ingatestone and Thorndon Hall, Essex. In 1635, More was declared provincial superior of his order. Again imprisoned, he was set free in July 1640.
In 1642, More was vice-provincial of the order, residing in London, and acting for Matthew Wilson, the provincial, who was absent in Belgium. In 1645, he was rector of the college of St. Ignatius, which comprised the London district. He became rector of the college at St. Omer, and in 1655 he was again residing in Essex. In 1657, he was for the second time rector of the college at St. Omer, and he died at Watten, near that city, on 8 December 1661.
## Works
During these latter years he wrote his history of the English Jesuits: *Historia Missionis Anglicanæ, ab anno MDLXXX ad MDCXXXV* (St. Omer, 1660, fol.).
Besides translating Jerome Platus\'s *Happiness of the Religious State* (1632), and the *Manual of Meditations* by Thomas de Villa Castin (1618), he wrote *Vita et Doctrina Christi Domini in meditationes quotidianas per annum digesta* (Antwerp, 1649), followed by an English version, entitled, *Life and Doctrines of our Saviour Jesus Christ* (Ghent, 1656, in two parts; London, 1880).
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,045 |
Vanessa Taylor
|
**Vanessa Taylor** (born September 24, 1970) is an American screenwriter and television producer. She is best known for writing the screenplay for the films *Hope Springs*, *Divergent*, and *The Shape of Water*. For her work on *The Shape of Water*, Taylor was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
As a child, Taylor wrote fairy tales. From age twelve, Taylor pursued acting and singing. She attended the Interlochen Center for the Arts in Michigan, and later joined The Groundlings for two years.
## Career
Her television credits include *Game of Thrones*, *Gideon\'s Crossing*, *Alias*, *Everwood*, *Tell Me You Love Me*, and *Cupid*. She also co-created *Jack & Bobby*.
Taylor\'s debut feature film script was *Hope Springs* (2012), directed by David Frankel, about a marriage therapist who tries to help a couple rekindle their loveless relationship after 31 years of marriage. She then co-wrote the screenplay for the sci-fi action film *Divergent* (2014).
Taylor co-wrote the screenplay for the fantasy romance film *The Shape of Water* (2017), along with its director Guillermo del Toro. For her work, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay.
In 2019, Taylor performed an uncredited rewrite on Disney\'s live action remake of *Aladdin*, directed by Guy Ritchie. The following year, Taylor adopted the screenplay for Netflix\'s *Hillbilly Elegy*. She continued her relationship with Netflix over the following years, doing uncredited work on *The School for Good and Evil* (2022) and writing the screenplay for the young adult dystopian film *Uglies* (2024).
## Awards and nominations {#awards_and_nominations}
Taylor was nominated for two Primetime Emmy awards for Outstanding Drama Series for *Game of Thrones* in 2012 and 2013.
She was also nominated for a WGA Award (Drama Series) in 2013 for *Game of Thrones*.
In 2012, Taylor was nominated for a WIN Outstanding Writer Award (Outstanding Film or Show Written by a Woman) in 2012 for *Hope Springs*.
Alongside *her The Shape of Water* co-writer and director Guillermo del Toro, Taylor was honoured with the 2017 PEN Center USA Screenplay Award at the 27th Annual Literary Awards Festival.
She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for *The Shape of Water*. She was also nominated for the Saturn Award for Best Writing.
## Filmography
### Film
**Writer**
Year Title Director Notes
------ ---------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------
2012 *Hope Springs* David Frankel
2014 *Divergent* Neil Burger
2017 *The Shape of Water* Guillermo del Toro Nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
2020 *Hillbilly Elegy* Ron Howard Nominated for the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screenplay
2024 *Uglies* McG
**Uncredited writer**
- *Aladdin* (2019)
- *The School for Good and Evil* (2022)
### Television
**Producer**
Year Title Notes
----------- ----------------------- -------------------------------------------------
2012-2013 *Game of Thrones* Co-executive producer (Season 3 and Season 2)
2007 *Tell Me You Love Me* Consulting producer (Season 1)
2004-2005 *Jack & Bobby* Co-creator and co-executive producer (Season 1)
2002-2004 *Everwood* Supervising producer (Season 2)
2001-2002 *Alias* Co-producer (Season 1)
**Writer**
Year Title Episode Notes
------ ----------------------- ------------------------------ ------------
2013 *Game of Thrones* \"Dark Wings, Dark Words\"
2012 \"The Old Gods and the New\"
\"Garden of Bones\"
2007 *Tell Me You Love Me* \"Episode #1.9\"
\"Episode #1.5\"
2005 *Jack & Bobby* \"Pilot\" Co-creator
2004 *Everwood* \"Do or Die\"
2003 \"Burden of Truth\"
\"My Brother\'s Keeper\"
\"Home\"
\"Episode 20\"
\"My Funny Valentine\"
2002 \"A Thanksgiving Tale\"
\"The Doctor Is In\"
2001 *Alias* \"Spirit\"
\"A Broken Heart\"
2000 *Gideon\'s Crossing*
1998 *Cupid* \"Botched Makeover\"
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,055 |
Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
|
**Albrecht, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach**, (Altenburg, 27 July 1599 -- Eisenach, 20 December 1644) was a ruler of the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach. He was the seventh (but fourth surviving) son of Johann, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, and Dorothea Maria of Anhalt. His regnal name Albert IV derives from the numbering of the duchy of Saxony as a whole, not specifically to the succession in Saxe-Eisenach.
Albrecht received his first instruction from the Field Marshal Frederick of Kospoth. Later he studied at the University of Jena with his brothers.
In the years 1619-1621 he completed his *Cavalierstour* (Study Tour) with his younger brother Johann Frederick. The two princes travelled to France and Switzerland.
After his return in 1621, Albrecht occupied himself with administrative duties until 1626. He also represented his absent brothers as regent.
In Weimar on 24 June 1633 Albrecht married his first cousin Dorothea of Saxe-Altenburg, daughter of Frederick William I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar. The marriage was childless.
In accordance with a divisionary treaty concluded with his brothers, Albrecht received Eisenach in 1640. He died four years later, after which his state was merged with Saxe-Weimar under Wilhelm of Saxe-Weimar.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,058 |
Christianity among Hispanic and Latino Americans
|
Latinos and Hispanics are predominantly Christians in the United States. Specifically, they are most often Roman Catholic. According to a Public Religion Research Institute study in 2017, the majority of Hispanic and Latino Americans are Christians (76%), and about 11% of Americans identify as Hispanic or Latino Christian.
## Roman Catholicism {#roman_catholicism}
The Spanish and Portuguese took the Roman Catholic faith to Latin America, and Roman Catholicism continues to be the largest, but not the only, religious denomination among most Latinos in the United States. Among the largest Latino groups, 61% of Mexican Americans identify as Catholic, followed by Dominican American (59%), Cuban American (49%), Puerto Rican American (45%), and Salvadoran American (42%).
Among the Latino Catholics, most communities celebrate their homeland\'s patron saint, dedicating a day for this purpose with festivals and religious services. Some Latinos syncretize Roman Catholicism and African or Native American rituals and beliefs despite the Catholic Church\'s teachings against such syncretic combinations of Catholicism and paganism.
Such is the case of Santería, popular with Cuban Americans and Puerto Ricans and which combines old African beliefs in the form of Roman Catholic saints and ritual.
Catholicism is the largest religious group within Latino communities in the United States as of 2022, but that proportion has been gradually declining. While 67% of Latino adults identified as Catholic in 2010, that figure declined to 43% of Latino adults in 2022, coinciding with an increasing number of younger Latino adults who are religiously unaffiliated.
## Other Christian denominations {#other_christian_denominations}
A significant number of Latinos are Protestant, representing the second-largest faith tradition among Latino communities in the United States. As of 2022, about 21% Hispanic adults identify as Protestant, a proportion that has remained relatively stable since 2010. Several Protestant denominations (particularly Evangelical ones) have vigorously proselytized in Latino communities. Among the largest Latino groups, 37% of Salvadoran American identify as Protestant, followed by Puerto Rican American (30%), Dominican American (22%), Mexican Americans (18%), and Cuban American (16%). And about 32% of Hispanic American Protestants are under the age of 30, and the median ages of Hispanic American Protestants is 37 years.
Among Latino Protestant communities, most are evangelical, but some belong to mainline denominations. Compared to Catholic, unaffiliated, and mainline Protestant Latinos, Evangelical Protestant Latinos are substantially more likely to attend services weekly, pray daily, and adhere to biblical literalism.
## Trends
As of 2014, the majority of Hispanic Americans are Christians (80%), while 24% of Hispanic adults in the United States are former Catholics. 55%, or about 19.6 million Latinos, of the United States Hispanic population identify as Catholic. 22% are Protestant, 16% being Evangelical Protestants, and the last major category places 18% as unaffiliated, which means they have no particular religion or identify as atheist or agnostic.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,064 |
1999 Ryder Cup
|
The **33rd Ryder Cup**, also known as the \"Battle of Brookline\", was held September 24--26, 1999, in the United States at The Country Club in Brookline, Massachusetts, a suburb southwest of Boston.
The American team won the competition by a margin of 14`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} to 13`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}, The Europeans, leading 10--6 heading into the final round, needed only 4 points on the final day to retain the cup. The Americans rallied on the Sunday, winning the first 6 matches of the day to surge into the lead. Further wins by Steve Pate and Jim Furyk took them into a 14--12 lead. The Americans recaptured the Ryder Cup when Justin Leonard halved his match with José María Olazábal. With the match all-square Leonard holed a 45-foot birdie putt on the 17th hole. After controversial premature celebrations on the green, Olazabal then missed his 22-foot birdie putt to leave Leonard one up with just one hole to play, assuring him of a half point and guaranteeing an American victory.
The behavior of both U.S. spectators and the U.S. team was criticized by both American and European media. U.S. spectators raucously heckled and abused European players. Allegations were also made regarding cheating on the part of course marshals. Notoriously, the U.S. team raucously invaded the 17th green after Leonard had holed his long putt but before Olazábal had attempted his shorter putt. The incident was viewed by many in both the US and Europe as appalling sportsmanship. Veteran broadcaster Alistair Cooke described the last day of the tournament as \"a date that will live in infamy\" in a *Letter from America* entitled \"The arrival of the golf hooligan\".
At the time, the American win was the largest final day come-from-behind victory in Ryder Cup history; Europe achieved the same feat in 2012. It is still widely regarded as one of the most impressive come-from-behind victories in recent sports history.
This was one of the last public appearances of Payne Stewart, who died in a plane crash less than a month later.
## Pre-match comments {#pre_match_comments}
In the lead-up to the Ryder Cup, Payne Stewart said of the European team, \"On paper, they should be caddying for us.\" Jeff Maggert echoed the sentiment in a press conference prior to the matches, saying, \"Let\'s face it, we\'ve got the 12 best players in the world.\" Colin Montgomerie declined to react, saying, \"You want someone to bite. Well, I\'m not going to.\"
## The course {#the_course}
The Country Club, located in Brookline, Massachusetts, is one of the oldest country clubs in the United States. It was one of the five charter clubs which founded the United States Golf Association, and has hosted numerous USGA tournaments including the U.S. Open in 1913, won by then-unknown Francis Ouimet. The club is one of the largest of its kind in the northeastern U.S., with about 1300 members.
The club has two courses, but neither was used in its entirety for the Ryder Cup. The 18-hole Main Course, regularly played by club members, is essentially identical to the original 18-hole course completed in 1899 and used for the 1913 U.S. Open. The 9-hole Primrose Course was added in 1927. Major events that require a longer course, such as the Ryder Cup, use a layout most often known as the Championship Course, using 15 holes from the Main Course and replacing three with parts of the Primrose Course. Specifically, one hole of the Main Course is replaced by a composite hole that uses the teeing ground of the 1st Primrose hole and the putting green of the 2nd Primrose hole, and two holes from the Main Course are entirely replaced by the 8th and 9th holes of the Primrose Course.
## Television
The 33rd Ryder Cup was covered live in the United States for all five sessions. USA Network covered the Friday action, with Bill Macatee and Peter Kostis in the 18th tower. The weekend was covered live by NBC Sports, with Dick Enberg and Johnny Miller in the 18th tower, Dan Hicks calling holes, and on-course reporters Gary Koch, Mark Rolfing, Roger Maltbie, and John Schroeder. Jim Gray conducted interviews, and on the final day was also used as a fifth on-course reporter. On the weekend, former European Ryder Cup captain Bernard Gallacher was brought in as a guest analyst to provide a European perspective.
In the UK, BBC and Sky Sports both had a presence, with Peter Alliss and Ewen Murray being the lead broadcaster for each with contributions from Butch Harmon, Bernard Gallacher, Peter Oosterhuis and Tony Jacklin.
## Format
The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format used from 1991 to 2002 was as follows:
- **Day 1** (Friday) --- 4 four-ball (better ball) matches in a morning session and 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches in an afternoon session
- **Day 2** (Saturday) --- 4 foursome matches in a morning session and 4 four-ball matches in an afternoon session
- **Day 3** (Sunday) --- 12 singles matches
With a total of 28 points, 14`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} points were required to win the Cup, and 14 points were required for the defending champion to retain the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes.
## Teams
### Team Europe {#team_europe}
The 1999 European Team Points Table began in September 1998, and concluded on August 22, 1999, after the BMW International Open. The top 10 players in the Points Table qualified automatically for the team. Captain Mark James then left out the number 11 player Robert Karlsson and the experienced (but out-of-form) Bernhard Langer by instead selecting Andrew Coltart and Jesper Parnevik as the two \'wild card\' players to round out the team.
----------------------
**Team Europe**
Name
Mark James
Colin Montgomerie
Lee Westwood
Darren Clarke
Paul Lawrie
Miguel Ángel Jiménez
José María Olazábal
Sergio García
Jarmo Sandelin
Jean van de Velde
Pádraig Harrington
Andrew Coltart
Jesper Parnevik
----------------------
Captains picks are shown in yellow; the world rankings and records are at the start of the 1999 Ryder Cup.
As vice-captains, European captain Mark James selected Ken Brown and Sam Torrance, to assist him during the tournament.
### Team USA {#team_usa}
The 1999 U.S. Ryder Cup Team was chosen on the basis of points compiled by the PGA of America, early 1998, through the 81st PGA Championship, August 12--15, 1999. Points were awarded for top-10 finishes at PGA Tour co-sponsored or sanctioned events, with added emphasis on major championships and events played during the Ryder Cup year. The top 10 finishers on the points list automatically qualified for the 12-member team, and U.S. Captain Ben Crenshaw selected the final two players---Steve Pate and Tom Lehman.
----------------
**Team USA**
Name
Ben Crenshaw
Tiger Woods
David Duval
Payne Stewart
Davis Love III
Mark O\'Meara
Hal Sutton
Justin Leonard
Jim Furyk
Phil Mickelson
Jeff Maggert
Tom Lehman
Steve Pate
----------------
Captains picks are shown in yellow; the world rankings and records are at the start of the 1999 Ryder Cup.
As vice-captains, United States captain Ben Crenshaw selected Bruce Lietzke and Bill Rogers, to assist him during the tournament.
## Friday\'s matches {#fridays_matches}
### Morning foursomes {#morning_foursomes}
Paul Lawrie hit the opening tee shot to begin the 33rd Ryder Cup Matches. The Americans got off to a good start when Tom Lehman chipped in at the first hole, but the matches quickly swung toward Europe\'s favor. With the Americans\' top two pairings losing, the Europeans gained confidence, finding a dynamic duo in Jesper Parnevik and Sergio García.
Results
------------------------ --------- ------------------------
**Montgomerie/Lawrie** 3 & 2 Mickelson/Duval
**García/Parnevik** 2 & 1 Lehman/Woods
Jiménez/Harrington halved Love III/Stewart
Clarke/Westwood 3 & 2 **Maggert/Sutton**
2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 1`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
2`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 1`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
### Afternoon four-ball {#afternoon_four_ball}
Lee Westwood and Darren Clarke defeated Tiger Woods and David Duval, the top two players in the world rankings. Woods missed a short eagle putt at the 14th that would have squared the match, while Westwood hit a fantastic chip shot at the final hole to secure victory. Both Duval and Woods were shut out on day one.
The day\'s best match, and arguably the best team match of the week, pitted Parnevik and García against Phil Mickelson and Jim Furyk. Parnevik holed out for eagle at the par-4 eighth, putting him and García a combined 6-under-par for the match, but just 1 up. At the 13th, Furyk chipped in from near a pond to square the match, giving the American fans a chance to go into a frenzy. At the next hole, Garcia pitched in for an eagle from just the right of the green at the par 5, putting Europe back in front. At the 16th hole, with the Americans 1 down, Mickelson hit his tee shot inside of four feet from the hole. He was left with the short putt to square the match, but missed it, and the Americans continued to trail. At the final hole, Mickelson again put the ball within five feet of the hole, but again missed the putt, leaving the Americans with an agonizing 1 down loss, and keeping Parnevik and García unbeaten.
Results
------------------------ --------- ------------------
Montgomerie/Lawrie halved Love III/Leonard
**García/Parnevik** 1 up Mickelson/Furyk
**Jiménez/Olazábal** 2 & 1 Maggert/Sutton
**Clarke/Westwood** 1 up Duval/Woods
3`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session
6 Overall 2
## Saturday\'s matches {#saturdays_matches}
### Morning foursomes {#morning_foursomes_1}
Tiger Woods won his first match of the week, teaming with new partner Steve Pate. Woods eagled 14 while Pate hit a shot from the rough at the 18th to within 15 feet to secure the win over Pádraig Harrington and Miguel Ángel Jiménez.
Jesper Parnevik and Sergio García won their third straight match, dominating the back nine to handily beat Justin Leonard and Payne Stewart.
The final match on the course pitted Jeff Maggert and Hal Sutton against Colin Montgomerie and Paul Lawrie. Maggert took the match into his hands in the final holes, making a long birdie putt at 17 to put the Americans in front, then sealing the win by hitting his approach within 5 feet at the final hole.
Results
--------------------- --------- --------------------
Montgomerie/Lawrie 1 up **Sutton/Maggert**
**Clarke/Westwood** 3 & 2 Furyk/O\'Meara
Jiménez/Harrington 1 up **Woods/Pate**
**Parnevik/García** 3 & 2 Stewart/Leonard
2 Session 2
8 Overall 4
### Afternoon four-ball {#afternoon_four_ball_1}
With the Americans desperate to climb back into the contest, Captain Ben Crenshaw changed up some pairings in hope of making up at least two points. After playing with Maggert during the first three sessions, Sutton teamed with Leonard, but could only produce a half against the Spanish duo of Miguel Ángel Jiménez and José María Olazábal.
Woods and Pate played together again, facing Montgomerie and Lawrie. Pate chipped in for birdie at the first hole, just as Lehman had done the day before, also while playing with Woods. However, the world #1 missed key putts on the back nine and lost for the third time in four matches.
Phil Mickelson finally found his game, nearing holing out for eagle at the 10th, as he and Tom Lehman defeated Lee Westwood and Darren Clarke.
The most dramatic finish of the session came in the match pitting Davis Love III and David Duval against García and Parnevik. Love had hit a heroic approach at the 9th from a large rock formation to secure an eagle, followed by a Duval birdie at 10 to go 1 up. Parnevik then responded by pitching in for a par at the 12th to halve the hole, causing García to engage in a large display of emotion, running onto the green pumping his fists, then doing a victory lap. However, the Americans were on the verge of handing the European duo their first loss of the week, with Love and Duval still 1 up on the final hole. Both Love and García had birdie opportunities. Love\'s putt was to win the match, but he missed. García then holed his birdie to salvage a half point, keeping he and Parnevik undefeated for the week, and causing another wild European celebration.
Results
------------------------ --------- ----------------------
Clarke/Westwood 2 & 1 **Mickelson/Lehman**
Parnevik/García halved Love III/Duval
Jiménez/Olazábal halved Leonard/Sutton
**Montgomerie/Lawrie** 2 & 1 Pate/Woods
2 Session 2
10 Overall 6
## Sunday\'s singles matches {#sundays_singles_matches}
No team had previously come back from more than two points down on the final day to win the Ryder Cup. Team Europe captain Mark James put most of the team\'s strength at the back of the lineup. Meanwhile, Ben Crenshaw arranged the American lineup to put most of the strength at the beginning, knowing that a fast start was needed if the Americans were going to recover from the four point deficit. This led to several early mismatches. James had not played three of his rookies during team play: Jarmo Sandelin, Jean van de Velde, and Andrew Coltart. Due to the opposite strategies, this resulted in the three rookies playing their first Ryder Cup matches against the three top American players at that time, Phil Mickelson, Davis Love III, and Tiger Woods.
Tom Lehman and Lee Westwood, playing in the lead match, halved the first three holes. However, the Europeans seemed to pick up where they had left off when Darren Clarke chipped in at the opening hole, though Hal Sutton squared the match at the next hole and did not trail again. The matches were close in the early stages, but then Love chipped in at the 5th for a birdie, which seemed to inspire his teammates. Woods, looking much more comfortable in individual play, followed with a chip-in of his own a few minutes later at the 8th, which caused an enormous roar from the crowd that could be heard through the course. The Americans now had the lead in the first six matches. Love secured the first point of the day, winning 6 & 5 over Van de Velde, followed quickly by Lehman and Sutton. Mickelson and Sandelin previously had a history with each other, stemming from the 1996 Alfred Dunhill Cup. Sandelin drew the ire of the American fans, who were well aware of the incident, which led to a strange exchange at the second hole. Sandelin missed a short putt for birdie, for which the crowd cheered, prompting Sandelin to raise his hands in mock acknowledgement of the cheering. He never looked comfortable and lost to Mickelson 4 & 3. Jesper Parnevik, separated from García, looked out of sorts, losing six of the first eight holes against David Duval, and lost by a five-hole margin. Woods then closed out Coltart to give the U.S. a 12--10 lead, their first lead of the week.
The Americans had won the first six matches of the day. Pádraig Harrington got the Europeans their first point of the day when his opponent Mark O\'Meara could not escape a bunker at the final hole. Steve Pate answered by defeating Miguel Ángel Jiménez. The biggest European win came from the anchor match, with Paul Lawrie winning three of the first eight holes against Jeff Maggert, and going on to win 4 & 3. However, Sergio García lost by the same margin to Jim Furyk, his first loss of the week. Both Parnevik and García lost by large margins in singles after going undefeated in team play.
The Americans now led 14--12, with two matches on the course. The U.S. now needed just half a point to win, while Europe needed two points to retain the cup in a tie situation. The remaining matches pitted Colin Montgomerie against Payne Stewart, and José María Olazábal against Justin Leonard. Montgomerie and Stewart had gone back and forth for much of the front nine, with both players making several long putts. Montgomerie then won the 12th to move 2 up. Stewart won the 14th, while both players found trouble at 15, and both faced lengthy par putts. Montgomerie missed from 15 feet, while Stewart holed from 35 feet to square the match with three holes to play. Stewart\'s excited fist pump has been used on many Ryder Cup promotional materials, including NBC\'s telecast opens, since his death a month later.
Meanwhile, the other match appeared to be a blowout with Olazábal leading Leonard 4 up with just seven holes to play. However, the Spaniard played the next three holes in 5--6--5, losing all three, to drop his lead to one hole. Leonard then sunk a 40-foot putt at the 15th to square the match, a scene very similar to Stewart\'s putt at the same green. At the 17th, Leonard had another 40 footer for birdie, with Olazábal about 15 feet closer. Leonard holed the unlikely birdie, sending the American team into a frenzy. The team, their wives and NBC cameramen all ran onto the green to hug Leonard, with the cameramen allegedly stepping in Olazábal\'s line which is considered a breach of golf etiquette. Eventually order was restored, and Olazábal had a 25-foot putt to keep Europe\'s hope alive. He missed the putt which gave Leonard a 1 up lead with 1 hole to play. This guaranteed the U.S. the half-point they needed to win the Ryder Cup and complete the improbable comeback. Olazábal managed to win the 18th hole with a birdie and the match was halved.
With the crowd in a frenzy, the marshals unable to keep order, and the result already decided, Stewart conceded the putt Montgomerie had to win on the 18th, in a gesture of sportsmanship for the abuse Montgomerie in particular had suffered throughout. This made the final score 14`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}--13`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} officially.
Results Timetable
------------------------- --------- ------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------
Lee Westwood 3 & 2 **Tom Lehman** 2nd (10--**8**)
Darren Clarke 4 & 2 **Hal Sutton** 4th (10--**10**)
Jarmo Sandelin 5 & 3 **Phil Mickelson** 3rd (10--**9**)
Jean van de Velde 6 & 5 **Davis Love III** 1st (10--**7**)
Andrew Coltart 3 & 2 **Tiger Woods** 6th (10--**12**)
Jesper Parnevik 5 & 4 **David Duval** 5th (10--**11**)
**Pádraig Harrington** 1 up Mark O\'Meara 8th (**11**--13)
Miguel Ángel Jiménez 2 & 1 **Steve Pate** 7th (10--**13**)
José María Olazábal halved Justin Leonard 11th (12`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}--14`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki})
**Colin Montgomerie** 1 up Payne Stewart 12th (**13`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}**--14`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki})
Sergio García 4 & 3 **Jim Furyk** 10th (12--**14**)
**Paul Lawrie** 4 & 3 Jeff Maggert 9th (**12**--13)
3`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Session 8`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
13`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki} Overall 14`{{1/2}}`{=mediawiki}
## Aftermath
Several members of the European team were critical of the actions of the U.S. team and fans. Colin Montgomerie said that his father had left the course due to the amount of abuse that Montgomerie was receiving, and Mark James reported that a fan had spat at his wife. Andrew Coltart\'s caddy claimed that a course marshal had concealed Coltart\'s lost ball until five minutes had elapsed, resulting in a one-stroke penalty for Coltart. Vice-captain Sam Torrance stated that many of those who had run onto the green had done so over Olazábal\'s putting line, and further singled out Tom Lehman\'s behavior on the final day as \"disgusting\" for someone who \"calls himself a man of God\".
Some of the American players afterwards apologized for the behavior of their team. American newspapers were also critical of their side: *The Washington Post* stated that \"It seems an American team can\'t get through an international competition without acting like jackasses at some point\" and the *Los Angeles Times* described the American team as having \"violated every principle of proper golf decorum and decent manners.\"
## Individual player records {#individual_player_records}
Each entry refers to the win--loss--half record of the player.
Source:
### United States {#united_states}
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes Fourballs
---------------- -------- --------- --------- ----------- -----------
David Duval 1.5 1--2--1 1--0--0 0--1--0 0--1--1
Jim Furyk 1 1--2--0 1--0--0 0--1--0 0--1--0
Tom Lehman 2 2--1--0 1--0--0 0--1--0 1--0--0
Justin Leonard 1.5 0--1--3 0--0--1 0--1--0 0--0--2
Davis Love III 2.5 1--0--3 1--0--0 0--0--1 0--0--2
Jeff Maggert 2 2--2--0 0--1--0 2--0--0 0--1--0
Phil Mickelson 2 2--2--0 1--0--0 0--1--0 1--1--0
Mark O\'Meara 0 0--2--0 0--1--0 0--1--0 0--0--0
Steve Pate 2 2--1--0 1--0--0 1--0--0 0--1--0
Payne Stewart 0.5 0--2--1 0--1--0 0--1--1 0--0--0
Hal Sutton 3.5 3--1--1 1--0--0 2--0--0 0--1--1
Tiger Woods 2 2--3--0 1--0--0 1--1--0 0--2--0
### Europe
Player Points Overall Singles Foursomes Fourballs
---------------------- -------- --------- --------- ----------- -----------
Darren Clarke 2 2--3--0 0--1--0 1--1--0 1--1--0
Andrew Coltart 0 0--1--0 0--1--0 0--0--0 0--0--0
Sergio García 3.5 3--1--1 0--1--0 2--0--0 1--0--1
Pádraig Harrington 1.5 1--1--1 1--0--0 0--1--1 0--0--0
Miguel Ángel Jiménez 2 1--2--2 0--1--0 0--1--1 1--0--1
Paul Lawrie 3.5 3--1--1 1--0--0 1--1--0 1--0--1
Colin Montgomerie 3.5 3--1--1 1--0--0 1--1--0 1--0--1
José María Olazábal 2 1--0--2 0--0--1 0--0--0 1--0--1
Jesper Parnevik 3.5 3--1--1 0--1--0 2--0--0 1--0--1
Jarmo Sandelin 0 0--1--0 0--1--0 0--0--0 0--0--0
Jean van de Velde 0 0--1--0 0--1--0 0--0--0 0--0--0
Lee Westwood 2 2--3--0 0--1--0 1--1--0 1--1--0
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,077 |
Craig Taborn
|
**Craig Marvin Taborn** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|eɪ|ˌ|b|ɔː|r|n}}`{=mediawiki}; born February 20, 1970) is an American pianist, organist, keyboardist and composer. He works solo and in bands, mostly playing various forms of jazz. He started playing piano and Moog synthesizer as an adolescent and was influenced at an early stage by a wide range of music, including by the freedom expressed in recordings of free jazz and contemporary classical music.
While at university, Taborn toured and recorded with jazz saxophonist James Carter. Taborn went on to play with numerous other musicians in electronic and acoustic settings, while also building a reputation as a solo pianist. He has a range of styles, and often adapts his playing to the nature of the instrument and the sounds that he can make it produce. His improvising, particularly for solo piano, often adopts a modular approach, in which he begins with small units of melody and rhythm and then develops them into larger forms and structures.
In 2011, *Down Beat* magazine chose Taborn as winner of the electric keyboard category, as well as rising star in both the piano and organ categories. By the end of 2020, Taborn had appeared on 14 albums as a leader or co-leader and more than 100 as a sideman.
## Early life {#early_life}
Taborn was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to John, a psychologist, and Marjorie, a social worker. His father was a department chair at the University of Minnesota and his mother worked for Minneapolis public schools. Taborn\'s older brother, John Gregory, became a psychologist. They grew up in Golden Valley, Minnesota, where Craig Taborn attended Breck School. His parents gave him a Moog synthesizer as a present when he was 12, which was also around the time when he started playing piano. He received basic instruction initially from his father, who played by ear. Taborn borrowed records from a public library and listened to public radio, discovering music from the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and Sun Ra, among others. As a youth he also listened to heavy metal and contemporary classical music, and identified commonalities among these disparate forms of music.
At high school, Taborn studied music theory and composition for two years with teachers who had doctorates in music. In his own words, he is \"not a classically trained pianist at all\"; he practiced with others, initially playing rock, progressive rock, and jazz fusion, before becoming more interested in jazz. He borrowed from the library *Segments II (Orchestra Of Two Continents)* by pianist Cecil Taylor\'s band while at high school, but found separating the various elements of the music too difficult. After attending a Last Exit concert (a loud free jazz band of Peter Brötzmann, Bill Laswell, Ronald Shannon Jackson and Sonny Sharrock), he went home and listened to the Taylor album again: \"It was more manageable in terms of being able to hear detail and listen to content. That was a big moment in terms of being able to relax and process information in more abstract environments.\"
## Later life and career {#later_life_and_career}
### 1988--1999
Taborn studied at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor from 1988. He auditioned for the jazz program in the university\'s School of Music, but joined the College of Literature, Science and the Arts. Taborn met drummer Gerald Cleaver soon after arriving at university, and they established an electronic group, the Tracey Science Quartet. Taborn also played with Marcus Belgrave and Wendell Harrison. While still a university student, he became known for his membership of saxophonist James Carter\'s band, where he contributed to a series of albums, beginning with *JC on the Set*, which was recorded in 1993.
Taborn\'s first recording as leader came in 1994, and was released by DIW. *Craig Taborn Trio*, with bassist Jaribu Shahid and drummer Tani Tabbal, featured Taborn playing in a range of styles on piano and included several of his own compositions. At this stage in his career, his comments on his tastes in composition and performance were: \"Even though I like avant garde jazz and classical music, I like to swing. I like to work with harmony and melody in my own music, and I like acoustical instruments. But I can be quite dictatorial about the composed section, and lay down in great detail what everyone is supposed to do and how they should do it.\"
Frequent performances and tours with Carter and others meant that Taborn\'s studies were delayed: he graduated from university with a BA in general studies (rather than the intended English literature) in April 1995, after which he moved to New York. He continued playing with Carter into 1998. In the late 1990s, Taborn also recorded with saxophonist Roscoe Mitchell (Taborn\'s first appearance on the ECM label), and for techno producer Carl Craig\'s album *Programmed* as part of Innerzone Orchestra.
### 2000--2009 {#section_1}
In 2001, Taborn made his second recording as leader: *Light Made Lighter*, for Thirsty Ear, with Chris Lightcap on bass and Cleaver on drums. \"On the strength of this recording\", wrote the *Los Angeles Times* reviewer, \"Taborn emerges as one of the most exciting pianists to lead a band since the ascent of Matthew Shipp\". Another reviewer commented that \"Taborn seems to revel in the cracks the way \[\[Thelonious Monk\|\[Thelonious\] Monk\]\] did, hitting the awkward-sounding notes between the notes to punctuate his lines\".
In the 2000s, \"Taborn became one of the most in-demand musicians in New York\", in the words of one biographer. He played and recorded with a large, diverse range of musicians, in both free jazz and more mainstream bands, and playing various keyboard and electronic instruments. One critic observed that a lot of his collaborations in the early and mid-2000s did not feature a bassist, and suggested that Taborn\'s \"dexterity and inventiveness \[\...\] stand in for both a keyboard and a bass player.\" In 2001, he had his first solo concert in New York, and made his first recordings under the leadership of saxophonist Tim Berne, and with a trio led by percussionist Susie Ibarra. On these, he employed electronics as well as piano. Taborn went on to record, during the period 2002--04, as a sideman under the leadership of Steve Coleman, Dave Douglas, Marty Ehrlich, Drew Gress, Evan Parker, Wadada Leo Smith, and others. In 2003, Taborn toured Europe with Ibarra\'s band, and played with saxophonist Lotte Anker for the first time.
Taborn\'s third release as a leader was *Junk Magic* in 2004, again for Thirsty Ear, with tenor saxophonist Aaron Stewart, violist Mat Maneri and drummer Dave King. The album\'s title was also the name of the band, which was formed to be Taborn\'s electronic group, allowing him to explore the interactions of composition, improvisation and electronics. Texture and pulse were important contributors to the overall sound.
Taborn played with Chris Potter from around 2005, and toured Europe with the saxophonist\'s Underground band early in 2007. The pianist played the Monterey Jazz Festival in 2007. In late 2007 and early 2008, Taborn toured internationally with Underground, guitarist David Torn\'s Prezens, as well as being part of shorter tours and making occasional appearances with Cleaver, Gress, Ibarra, Mitchell, and William Parker. In April 2008 he toured Europe with Berne\'s Science Friction, was back in Europe for the first three weeks of the following month, this time as part of David Binney\'s quartet, and returned there in November with Potter. Taborn remarked in 2008 that he was attempting to phase out his use of a laptop in performance, to allow him to concentrate more on improvising, and that he had delayed further performances as a leader, owing to finances. In the same year, he commented on the number of regular, working bands he was a member of: \"You could say 15 to 20. But if you\'re talking about the ones that are regularly working right now, I\'d have to say seven or eight.\"
After joining Michael Formanek\'s quartet in 2008, Taborn recorded under the double bassist\'s leadership for the first time the following year. Also in 2009, Taborn played with trumpeter Tomasz Stańko in New York, and returned to Europe for concerts with Torn, violinist Dominique Pifarély, and with his own trio.
### 2010--present
In the early 2010s, Taborn continued playing and recording with others, but also had more solo concerts than earlier in his career. He had a solo tour of Europe in 2010, which may have led to an agreement with ECM to record his first solo piano album, *Avenging Angel*, which was released in 2011. In critic Nate Chinen\'s view, this album concentrated on \"pure sound\", being \"full of moments where a note hangs sharply in the air, and you hear the gathering overtones, the vibrations of the strings\". The album helped Taborn get more attention as a leader.
In 2010, Taborn also toured Europe with Anker\'s trio, Potter\'s Underground, and played piano duets with Vijay Iyer. In the following year, Taborn again performed with Stańko, as part of drummer Paul Motian\'s quartet, and had another solo tour of Europe. Taborn toured internationally with his own trio, Anker\'s trio, and with Dave Holland\'s quartet Prism in 2012, and remained part of Holland\'s band into 2014.
A further ECM album, *Chants*, led by Taborn and with bassist Thomas Morgan and drummer Gerald Cleaver, was released in 2013. This was the trio\'s first release after eight years together. At this point, Taborn\'s comments on composition and group performance were: \"I knew that if I created a context and then deferred, fully, to Gerald\'s and Thomas\'s sensibilities it would inherently be stimulating and would also challenge the context. \[\...\] I\'d much rather engage with the group, always, than have the format be \'piano adventures with supporting cast\'.\" This band began a tour of Europe in 2014, but Cleaver was replaced by J.T. Bates part of the way through it, owing to illness. Earlier the same year, Taborn played in a small group led by guitarist Bill Frisell. Taborn played as part of the Ches Smith Trio late in 2014 and toured with the percussionist and Mat Maneri early in 2016. His sixth album as leader, *Flaga: Book of Angels Volume 27*, was released in 2016. The trio recording, with Christian McBride on bass and Tyshawn Sorey on drums, employed compositions by John Zorn. Taborn\'s next ECM album was the quartet *Daylight Ghosts*, which combined electronic and acoustic elements. This was followed by a string of duo albums: *Octopus* with Kris Davis from 2016; *Highsmith* with Ikue Mori in 2017; and *The Transitory Poems* with Iyer from 2018. 16 years after their first album, Junk Magic had a second released in 2020 -- *Compass Confusion*, with the Taborn-led band expanded to a quintet. Taborn\'s second solo piano album, *Shadow Plays*, was recorded in concert in 2020. The following year, Taborn made available for free streaming *60 X Sixty* -- 60 tracks of around a minute in length, played in a random order at 60xsixty.com.
## Artistry
Taborn\'s range of playing styles was summarized by Mike Hobart in *The Financial Times*: Taborn \"draws obliquely on the jazz tradition \[\...\] he is as at home in free improvisation as he is in composition\". In an interview for *Down Beat* in 2011, Taborn described his improvising style, particularly for solo piano. When playing, he often adopts a modular approach, using small units of melody and rhythm and then developing them. This can begin from as little as three notes, with structure being built around referring back to elements of the units. He starts simply, using basic elements such as major and minor thirds, varies them in turn, and then continues to expand to create larger structures. He uses a combination of his attack and the piano\'s sustain pedal to draw attention to the upper partials of a note; this allows a heightened contrast between notes to be perceived.
Taborn has commented on the similarities and differences in his playing on piano and electronic instruments. Comparing his accompaniments on piano and Fender Rhodes, he said that:
> I play some of the same chords on the piano, but there are definitely things I would do on the piano because it\'s a more transparent instrument that I wouldn\'t do on the Rhodes. \[\...\] The Rhodes is so strong that when you play something on it, it really can dictate, because it\'s louder and the timbre is much more opaque. So you leave more holes. On the piano, I would maybe play more sustain chords.
Taborn prefers earlier models of Fender Rhodes, for their raunchier sound. He also attempts to retain control over the sound that is presented to an audience when playing electronic instruments: he links his instruments to his own amplifier, and then has the venue take its feed from that amplifier.
Guitarist David Torn commented that Taborn is \"the rare musician who takes the approach, \'What can I do with this instrument?\' rather than playing through its book of techniques. \[\...He\] is able to eschew the technological aspect in order to get out the sounds that he feels are suitable for the music.\"
## Compositions
Taborn incorporates requirements to improvise within his compositions. Commenting on his writing for trio and quartet, Taborn stated that \"I like multiple kinds of rhythmic things. On their own, they\'re not so complicated, but when you fit them together, it sounds a little mysterious. A lot of that writing extends from my trio writing, where I\'m writing things that are playable in real time. There\'s a certain orchestration you can get out of a four-piece. How far can we suggest a larger ensemble? \[I want\] to create the illusion of a larger ensemble\". His compositions typically do not include chord changes, but contain superimposed, contrapuntal melodies.
## Awards
In 2009 and 2010, *Down Beat* critics selected Taborn as the electric keyboard rising star winner. In 2011, he was chosen as winner of the electric keyboard category, as well as rising star in both the piano and organ categories. In 2012, he was given the North Sea Jazz Festival\'s Paul Acket Award, which is presented \"to an artist deserving wider recognition for extraordinary musicianship\". *JazzTimes* ranked Taborn in their 2013 critics\' poll as best piano player. In 2014, the Jazz Journalists Association awarded him the Pianist of the Year award.
In 2014, Taborn was given a Doris Duke Artist Award, worth up to \$275,000 and given to \"exemplary individual artists in contemporary dance, jazz, theatre and related interdisciplinary work who have proven their artistic vitality and commitment to their field.\"
## Discography
### As leader/co-leader {#as_leaderco_leader}
Year recorded Year released Title Label Notes
--------------- --------------- ----------------------------------- -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1994 1994 *Craig Taborn Trio* DIW Trio, with Jaribu Shahid (bass), Tani Tabbal (drums)
2001 2001 *Light Made Lighter* Thirsty Ear Trio, with Chris Lightcap (bass), Gerald Cleaver (drums)
2004 2004 *Junk Magic* Thirsty Ear Quartet, with Aaron Stewart (tenor sax), Mat Maneri (viola), Dave King (drums)
2010 2011 *Avenging Angel* ECM Solo piano
2012 2013 *Chants* ECM Trio, with Thomas Morgan (bass), Gerald Cleaver (drums)
2015 2017 *Ljubljana* Clean Feed Duo, co-led with Mats Gustafsson (slide sax, baritone sax)
2015 2016 *Flaga: Book of Angels Volume 27* Tzadik Trio, with Christian McBride (bass), Tyshawn Sorey (drums)
2016 2017 *Daylight Ghosts* ECM Quartet, with Chris Speed (tenor sax, clarinet), Chris Lightcap (bass), Dave King (drums)
2016 2018 *Octopus* Pyroclastic Duo, co-led with Kris Davis (piano)
2017 2017 *Highsmith* Tzadik Duo, co-led with Ikue Mori (electronics)
2017 2019 *Da\'at* Tzadik Six tracks solo piano; two tracks duo, with Vadim Neselovskyi (piano); other tracks do not feature Taborn
2018 2019 *The Transitory Poems* ECM Duo, co-led with Vijay Iyer (piano)
2018 2019 *Golden Valley Is Now* Intakt Trio, co-led with Reid Anderson (electric bass, electronics), Dave King (drums)
2020 2020 *Compass Confusion* Pyroclastic As \"Junk Magic\"; quintet, with Chris Speed (tenor sax, clarinet), Mat Maneri (viola), Erik Fratzke (bass), Dave King (drums)
2020 2021 *Shadow Plays* ECM Solo piano; in concert
2022 2023 *hEARoes* Rogueart Trio, co-led with Joëlle Léandre (bass), Mat Maneri (viola); in concert
2022 2024 *Weird of Mouth* Otherly Love Trio, co-led with Mette Rasmussen (alto sax, percussion), Ches Smith (drums, percussion)
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,080 |
Clemens Maria Franz von Bönninghausen
|
**Clemens Maria Franz (Friedrich) Freiherr (Baron) von Bönninghausen** (Herinckhave near Fleringen, 12 March 1785 -- Münster, 26 January 1864) was a lawyer, Dutch and Prussian civil servant, agriculturalist, botanist, physician and pioneer in the field of homeopathy.
He was decorated as Knight in the Légion d\'honneur.
## Life
Von Bönninghausen was born on the estate Herinckhave near Fleringen in the province of Overijssel in the Netherlands as descendant of an old titled family. His father was Lodewijk Ernst von Bönninghausen, representative of the people from Overijssel, officer and chamberlain of the Prince-Bishop from Köln. His mother was Theresia von Weichs zur Wenne. He attended the Gymnasium Paulinum in Münster, studied law at the University of Groningen and graduated on Roman and old-Dutch law in 1806.
Von Bönninghausen held various positions, including auditor and privy council of the King, general secretary of the taxes, Royal Librarian, treasurer of the pensions and head of the Topographical Institutes. All in service of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, King of Holland, till his abdication in 1810. Von Bönninghausen was shocked by the forced departure of his extremely kind and benevolent master and he refused all further employment. He returned to his native ground and accepted the position of president at the court in Almelo. At that time he married first with Franziska Sofia von Schade zu Ahausen and after her death with Amalia von Hamm.
### Further career {#further_career}
When his father died in 1812 von Bönninghausen moved to his family estate in Darup, just across the border in Kreis Coesfeld, Prussia. He graduated as architect and devoted himself to the study of medicine, agriculture and botany. He published numerous articles about his experiences and discoveries, which resulted in international fame. In 1816, at the reorganization of the provinces Rhineland and Westphalia, he was appointed as president of the Court of Justice and General Commissaries of the land register of North Rhine-Westphalia. The many travels with this position gave him an excellent opportunity to study the flora and he published a book about it, named: *Prodromus florae Monasteriensis Westphalorum, Phanerogamia*.
The very same year King Frederick William III of Prussia appointed him as first commissary at the Council of Kreis Coesfeld. Von Bönninghausen was founder and head of the medical society in North Rhine-Westphalia. He was appointed head of the Botanical Gardens in Münster from 1826 till 1845 and taught at what would later become the University of Münster. He also led the constitutional commission of experts in the investigation of the nun Anne Catherine Emmerick. They concluded that her wounds were mechanically inflicted and not supernatural. However, her beatification in 2004 by Paus Johannes Paulus II was based on a supernatural origin.
### Sickness and recovery {#sickness_and_recovery}
In 1827, Bönninghausen contracted tuberculosis, followed by an intractable lung disease. Certain that he was about to die, he began writing farewell letters to his friends. One of them, friend and fellow botanist Carl Ernst August Weihe, urged him to use the herb Pulsatilla, believed to be the cure of his ailment. Von Bönninghausen was cured, and thus became a convert to the new therapy. In less than two years he wrote seven extensive works.
He became a close associate and confidant of his teacher Samuel Hahnemann, founder of the homeopathy, who admired Bönninghausen\'s ability to systematize the expanding homeopathic knowledge of materia medica. Hahnemann was so enthusiastic that he called him his *Lieblingsschüler* (Favourite student). He said: \"Am I to become sick myself, then I would trust no other physician in the world, except for him.\"
### Scientific career {#scientific_career}
Bönninghausen\'s *Therapeutic Pocketbook* of 1846 was the first homeopathic repertory to grade individual remedies by their strength of relationship with each symptom, and each other. This so-called von Bönninghausen (or von Boenninghausen)-method has remained in use until the present day. He proposed that disparate symptoms associated with a remedy could be grouped as a single overarching tendency, hence the importance of generalities and modalities in his system of case analysis. His method was sometimes misunderstood by later homeopaths such as C. Hering and J.T. Kent. However, recent translations and revisions point to a revival of interest in Bönninghausen\'s approach. An early advocate of high potencies, he conducted a successful prospective trial of 200C in domestic animals and livestock, reasoning that veterinary homeopathy was harder to dismiss as a placebo effect.
Because of his own miraculous healing and thanks to his public fame the people massively sought well-being at the doctor. Practising homeopathy successfully on a small scale without a medical degree, fascinated and ultimately led to von Bönninghausen receiving a medical licence by personal royal degree from Frederick William IV, King of Prussia in 1843. This made him a doctor and ensured that he could effectively treat patients.
Among his growing international clientele, he saw some notable patients. One of the first was the poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff. She was cured of tuberculosis. Also among them was the French Empress Eugénie de Montijo, wife of Napoleon III. In 1854 von Bönninghausen received an honorary degree from the Medical College in Cleveland (North America). And in 1861 the French Emperor Napoleon III decorated him as Knight in the Légion d\'honneur.
The standard author abbreviation Boenn. is used to indicate von Bönninghausen as the author when citing a botanical name. A list of plants discovered by him can be found in the [IPNI](http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do?find_family=&find_genus=&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=Boenn.&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearch).
### Descendants
The two oldest of his seven sons became a homeopath as well. Karl von Bönninghausen, the eldest, went to Paris where he had access to the private library and manuscripts of Hahnemann and married Sophie, the adopted daughter of Melanie Hahnemann (Hahnemann\'s widow).
### Post mortem {#post_mortem}
His grave on the old Hörster graveyard in Münster was destroyed in a bombardment during the Second World War. Nowadays the scholar is being remembered at this very place with a sandstone monument displaying a picture of the baron. Also, several streets and plants are named after him, like the *Boenninghausenia altiflora*, *Boeninghausia vincentina* and a genus of the Rutaceae, *Boenninghausenia*.
In 1990 the Clemens von Bönninghausen Academy was founded, and in 2009 the Von Bönninghausen Institute. A memorial to von Bönninghausen was installed in 2005 at the University of Münster, on the celebration of the 250th birthday of Samuel Hahnemann\'s birth.
## Publications
A small selection of his works:
- *Prodromus florae Monasteriensis Westphalorum, Phanerogamia.*, Monasterii, F. Regensberg, 1824.
- *The Cure of Cholera and its Preventatives*, Münster, 1831.
- *Systematisch-alphabetisches Repertorium der homöopathischen Arzneien*, Vol. 1&2 . Münster, Coppenrath, 1833-1835 [Digital edition](http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-23952) by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- *Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Eigenthümlichkeien aller bisher vollständiger geprüften homöopathischen Arzneien* \[Contributions to a Knowledge of the Peculiarities of Homoeopathic Remedies\], Münster, 1833 [Digital edition](http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-21388) by the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- *Repertory of the Medicines which are not Anti Psoric*, Münster 1835
- *Therapeutisches Taschenbuch, für homöopathische Ärzte, zum Gebrauche am Krankenbette und beim Studium der reinen Arzneimittellehre* \[Therapeutic Pocketbook, For Homeopathic Physicians, for the Use at the Sickbed and For the Study of the Pure Materia Medica\], Münster, 1846.
- *Der homöopathische Hausarzt* \[The Hom. Domestic Physician in Brief Therapeutic Diagnoses\], Münster, 1853.
- *Die Körperseiten und Verwandtschaften* \[The Two Sides of the Human Body and Relationships. Homoeopathic Studies\], Münster 1853.
- *Die homöopathische Behandlung des Keuchhustens* \[The Homœopathic Treatment of Whooping Cough in its Various Forms\], Münster 1860.
- *Die Aphorismen des Hippokrates* \[The Aphorisms of Hippocrates, with Notes by a Homoeopath\], Leipzig, 1863
- *Versuch einer Homöopathischen Therapie der Wechsel- und anderer Fieber. 1. Theil. Die Pyrexie. 2. Aufl* \[Attempt at a homoeopathic Therapy of Intermittent and Other Fevers, Second augmented and l revised edition. Part 1. The Pyrexy.\], -- Leipzig 1864
- *Archiv für die homöopatische Heilkunst* \[Archive for the Homeopathy\], Münster
- *Über die Twentische Roggenwirtschaft* \[About the rye economy of Twente\]
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,120 |
Daniel Arkin
|
**Daniel Arkin** is an American television writer and producer. He has written episodes of television series such as *The Others*, *Alias*, *The X-Files,* *Star Wars: The Clone Wars*, *Suits*, *Las Vegas* and *Chicago PD*. He was also a co-producer on the shows *The Agency* and *Alias*. He was the showrunner of *Pearson*, which he co-created with Suits creator, Aaron Korsh.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,141 |
Khempo Yurmed Tinly Rinpoche
|
**Khempo Yurmed Tinly Rinpoche** (1950--2005): Nyingma scholar, teacher, and lineage holder.
Khempo was born in 1950 in Kham, Eastern Tibet and was recognized as a reincarnate tulku by Nyoshul Lungtok Tulku. He received his training from the Mindrolling, Dzogchen, Palyul, and Tsopema monasteries in India under teachers such as Khochhen Rinpoche, Khenpo Tsuundru Rinpoche, Khenpo Rabgye Rinpoche, Dzongnang Rinpoche, and Mindrolling Trichen Rinpoche. Upon completion of his monastic training, Khempo received his master\'s degree from the Sanskrit University in Varanasi, India. Dudjom Rinpoche then appointed Khempo to lead the Nyingma studies program at Benares University in India. Khempo subsequently became Abbot of Bhutan\'s Gangteng Monastery shedra as well as Abbot of the Zilnon Kagyeling Monastery in Dharamsala, India. In 2000, Khempo was selected to represent the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism at the United Nations Millennium World Peace Summit. He died in January 2005 while visiting his family in India.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,153 |
North East Land, Sea and Air Museums
|
The **North East Land, Sea and Air Museums** (**NELSAM**), formerly the **North East Aircraft Museum**, is a volunteer-run aviation museum situated on the site of the former RAF Usworth/Sunderland Airport, between Washington and Sunderland, in Tyne and Wear, England. The museum has the largest aviation collection between Yorkshire and Scotland and houses over 30 aircraft and a wide collection of aero engines. The museum also has a small collection of other items such as weaponry, vehicles and other historical exhibits.
The museum also has special displays showing a replica of a Second World War British street and one honouring No. 607 Squadron RAF, which was based at RAF Usworth.
NELSAM is an English registered charity.
## History
The North East Land, Sea and Air Museums traces its origins back to the formation of the North East Vintage and Veteran Aircraft Association (NEAVVAA), which started meeting in March 1974 at the Sunderland Airport, which had been RAF Usworth. In March 1975 the group purchased a Westland WS-51 Dragonfly helicopter from a scrapyard and this became its first aircraft. The group continued to accumulate aircraft and in May 1977 changed its name to the Northumbian Aeronautical Collection. In 1979 the name was changed again, to North East Aircraft Museum. More aircraft were added, including an Avro Vulcan in January 1983.
In April 1984 the local government, Sunderland Council announced that the airport would be closed to make way for an automobile manufacturing plant. After protracted negotiations the museum was given a lease on a four-acre site just outside the airfield. In 1987 the museum was opened to the public on a full-time basis. In 1989 the museum started to fund raise to construct buildings to house at last some of the collection indoors and in 1991 planning authority was granted for a new hangar to be built, actual construction of which was started in 1993.
The museum used the old Sunderland Airport control tower for storage and administrative use and it was burnt in an arsonist attack in September 1996. On 23 January 1997, arsonists destroyed the museum\'s Vickers Valetta C2 (VX577), which was one of only three Valettas in existence. The Valletta\'s restoration work had taken two years and was completed the previous summer.
A military vehicle collection previously displayed in Newcastle upon Tyne began relocation to the museum\'s new large Romney hut in early 2012. This addition resulted in the name change of the facility to its present name, North East Land, Sea and Air Museums.
The North Eastern Electrical Traction Trust (NEETT) moved trams and buses to a new tram shed on the site in April 2013. It was completed and track installed in December 2013.
## Collection
The museum\'s collection includes:
### Aircraft
### Aero Engines {#aero_engines}
### Buses, transport and trains {#buses_transport_and_trains}
### Military vehicles and equipment {#military_vehicles_and_equipment}
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,155 |
Isamu Takeshita
|
was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy. He was also a diplomat whose accomplishments included helping end the Russo-Japanese War favorably for Japan and obtaining former German possessions in the Pacific for Japan following World War I. In addition, he was a patron and practitioner of the Japanese martial arts, especially judo, sumo, and aikido.
## Early years {#early_years}
Born Yamamoto Jiro into a *samurai* class family in Kagoshima, Satsuma domain (present-day Kagoshima prefecture), he was adopted into the Takeshita family as a boy.
## Naval and diplomatic career {#naval_and_diplomatic_career}
Takeshita entered the 15th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1892, and he graduated third in a class of eighty students. He entered naval service as a midshipman in 1889; his first ship was the armored corvette *Kongo*. In 1898, he attended the Japanese Naval War College, which had been founded that same year.
Because he was fluent in English, Takeshita was posted overseas at various times as a naval attaché. In October 1902, he was appointed Japan\'s naval attaché to the United States. In this role, Takeshita was an active participant in negotiations mediated by President Theodore Roosevelt that led to the Treaty of Portsmouth, ending the Russo-Japanese War. During 1904, he also helped Roosevelt obtain the services of judo teacher Yamashita Yoshitsugu, first for Roosevelt himself and then for the United States Naval Academy. Takeshita\'s commands included the cruisers *Suma*, *Kasuga*, *Izumo*, *Tsukuba* and the battleship *Shikishima*.
Takeshita was a member of the Japanese diplomatic mission to the United States in 1917, the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, and the League of Nations. In these positions, he played a leading role in Japan\'s obtaining former German holdings in the Central and Western Pacific. For these efforts, he was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun (1st class). Takeshita returned to Japan to accept a posting as commander-in-chief of the Combined Fleet on 1 December 1922, a position he held until January 1924. His subsequent billets included Commander of the Kure Naval District. He was placed on the retired list in November 1929.
## Activities after retirement {#activities_after_retirement}
During late summer 1935, Takeshita made his fifth trip to the United States. His mission was to try to explain to American audiences that Japan\'s invasion of China in the Second Sino-Japanese War, was to stop the spread of Communism. As for Japan\'s relationship with the United States, Takeshita stated that \"No Japanese warship has ever crossed the Pacific except on a mission of peace,\" he said during a radio broadcast in San Francisco. \"No Japanese soldier has ever come to these shores except on a similar mission.\"
In February 1937, Takeshita was appointed head of the Japanese Boy Scouts, Sea Scouts, and YMCA. This was part of the general militarization of Japanese sports and athletics taking place at that time. Later that year, he was also approached about becoming the head of the Japanese Amateur Athletic Federation, but he declined this offer.
In May 1939, Takeshita became the third president of the Japan Sumo Association. He held this post until November 1945.
In April 1941, he became head of Japan\'s New Sword Society. This organization supported makers of modern Japanese swords that were handmade in the traditional fashion.
Takeshita died in Tokyo in July 1949. Coincidentally he made his home in the area of Takeshita Street in Shibuya, Tokyo. The Takeshita place name dates from the Edo era.
## Connection with aikido {#connection_with_aikido}
### Encounter with Morihei Ueshiba {#encounter_with_morihei_ueshiba}
Takeshita first heard of Morihei Ueshiba through his colleague at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, Admiral Seikyo Asano, who was studying *Daito-ryu aiki jujutsu* (the forerunner of aikido) under Ueshiba at Ayabe. In 1925, Takeshita went to Ayabe to see Ueshiba and was so impressed that he recommended Ueshiba to Yamamoto Gonnohyoe, a retired admiral and former Prime Minister of Japan. This recommendation caused Yamamoto to invite Ueshiba to Tokyo to provide demonstrations to the Japanese military and political elite. Ueshiba\'s stay was however interrupted by sickness and he had to return to his hometown of Tanabe.
In February 1927, Takeshita invited Ueshiba to Tokyo again, and this time, Ueshiba settled there. Takeshita\'s influence was such that many military officers, government officials and members of the wealthy class began practicing Ueshiba\'s martial art. Takeshita was not only an admirer but also an ardent practitioner of aikido, despite his age (he was almost 50). He filled notebooks with descriptions of Ueshiba\'s techniques, and these descriptions provide insights into the development of aikido.
### Role in the promotion of aikido {#role_in_the_promotion_of_aikido}
In 1935, Takeshita gave a demonstration of Ueshiba\'s art at the first *Nihon Kobudo Shinkokai* (Society for the Promotion of Japanese Classical Martial Arts) demonstration. Later that same year, Takeshita gave public demonstrations of aikido in Seattle, Washington and Washington, D.C; this was the introduction of aikido to the United States.
In 1940, Takeshita was instrumental in providing a legal identity to Ueshiba\'s *Kobukan* organization by founding the Kobukai Foundation and becoming its first president. Also, in 1941, Takeshita used his influence to arrange a demonstration of aikido by Ueshiba at the Imperial Palace. The demonstration took place in front of the Imperial family. Although ill, Ueshiba gave a spectacular exhibition, which greatly impressed the nobility.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,170 |
David Edwards (priest)
|
**David Lawrence Edwards** `{{post-nominals|country=GBR|OBE}}`{=mediawiki} (20 January 1929 -- 25 April 2018) was an Anglican priest, scholar and church historian. He served as the Dean of Norwich, Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons, Sub-Dean at Westminster Abbey and Provost of Southwark, and was a prolific author.
## Education
Edwards was born in Cairo, where his father was an inspector of schools. He was educated at The King\'s School, Canterbury, and Magdalen College, Oxford, where he took a BA in 1952 and MA in 1956.
## Academic career and ministry {#academic_career_and_ministry}
Edwards was elected a Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, for a seven-year period from 1952 to 1959. He spent the academic year of 1953--54 studying at Westcott House, Cambridge, and was ordained deacon in 1954. He served as a tutor at Westcott House (1954--55) and he was ordained priest in 1955.
In 1955 Edwards began his ordained ministry as an assistant curate at St John\'s, Hampstead, and also began his work with the Student Christian Movement as its secretary, remaining in both positions until 1958.
Edwards was assistant curate of St Martin-in-the-Fields (1958--66), editor for the Student Christian Movement Press (1959--66) and General Secretary of the Student Christian Movement (1965--66).
From 1966 until 1970, Edwards was the Dean of King\'s College, Cambridge. He was also a Six Preacher of Canterbury Cathedral (1969--76).
Edwards was a canon of Westminster Abbey and the rector of St Margaret\'s, Westminster (1970--78). He was additionally Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons (1972--78) and Sub-Dean of Westminster Abbey (1974--78). He was Chairman of the Churches\' Council on Gambling (1970--78) and of Christian Aid (1971--78). He was the Dean of Norwich from 1978 to 1983 and the Provost of Southwark from 1983 to 1994.
Edwards was for many years the principal reviewer and leader writer for the Church Times.
Edwards retired to Winchester, becoming an honorary chaplain at Winchester Cathedral in 1995. He died on 25 April 2018.
## Honours
In 1990 the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, conferred upon Edwards the Lambeth degree of Doctor of Divinity. He wore the academic dress of his former headmaster, Fred Shirley, (who had himself been a Doctor of Divinity) and of whom Edwards wrote a biography, *F. J. Shirley: An Extraordinary Headmaster* (1969).
Also in 1990, he was appointed an honorary fellow of the South Bank Polytechnic (later South Bank University and now called London South Bank University).
In the 1995 New Year Honours, Queen Elizabeth II appointed him an Officer of the Order of the British Empire \"for services to the Church of England.\"
## Writings
Edwards wrote more than 60 books, including:
- *Christian England* (London: Collins, 1981--84; Fount, 1982--85)
- vol. 1: *Its story to the Reformation*
- vol. 2: *From the Reformation to the 18th century*
- vol. 3: *From the 18th century to the First World War*
**The most recent include:**
- Roger Bowen with David L. Edwards *et al*, *A guide to preaching* (SPCK International Study Guide 38, London : SPCK, 2005)
- *Poets and God: Chaucer, Shakespeare, Herbert, Milton, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Blake* (London: Darton Longman & Todd, 2005)
- *What Anglicans believe in the twenty-first century* (London: Continuum, 2000, new expanded edn 2002, updated edn 2004)
- *The Church that could be* (London: SPCK, 2002)
- *After death?: past beliefs and real possibilities* (London: Continuum, 1999, new edn 2001)
- *A concise history of English Christianity: from Roman Britain to the present day* (London: Fount, 1998)
- *The great Christian centuries to come* (Durham: St Mary\'s College, University of Durham, 1998)
- *Christianity: the first two thousand years* (London: Cassell, 1997)
- *What is Catholicism? An Anglican responds to the official teaching of the Roman Catholic Church* (London: Mowbray, 1994)
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,175 |
List of hills of Porto Alegre
|
Hills make up some 24% of Porto Alegre\'s area. Median height of Porto Alegre\'s hills is 147 meters (482.28 ft).
## List of Hills {#list_of_hills}
\# Name Height in m Height in ft
---- ------------------------------------- ------------- --------------
1 Santana, Rio Grande do Sul\|Santana 311 1,020.34
2 Pelado 298 977.69
3 Polícia 291 954.72
4 São Pedro 289 948.16
5 Pedra Redonda 282 925.19
6 Glória 279 915.34
7 Teresópolis 262 859.58
8 Tapera 252 826.77
9 Companhia 224 734.9
10 Quirinas 211 692.25
10 Extrema 211 692.25
12 Agudo 210 688.97
13 Belém Velho 208 682.41
14 Abertas 173 567.58
15 Pasmado 170 557.74
16 Tiririca 149 488.84
16 Taquara/Beltrão 149 488.84
18 Santa Teresa 148 485.56
19 Ponta Grossa 145 475.72
20 Meireles 143 469.16
20 Goulart/Pinheiro 143 469.16
22 Osso 141 462.59
23 Alto Teresópolis 139 456.03
23 Primavera/Sepé Tiaraju 139 456.03
24 Cruz 120 393.70
25 Coxilha do Butiá 112 367.45
26 Santo Antônio 104 341.20
27 Espíndola 101 331.36
28 Menino Deus 98 321.52
29 Leão 78 255.90
30 Belém Novo 77 252.62
31 Difini 63 206.69
32 Arado 62 203.41
32 Sezefredo 62 203.41
32 Prado 62 203.41
35 Cuíca 51 167.32
36 Sabiá 49 163.59
37 Lami 48 157.48
38 Serraria 42 137.79
39 Boa Vista 41 134.51
39 Chapéu do Sol 41 134.51
41 Cego 30 98.42
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,186 |
Luna Park (play)
|
***Luna Park*** is a play written by Latina-American playwright Caridad Svich in 2005. Commissioned by International High School in San Francisco, CA, the play was first performed as a workshop production in late 2005.
## Summary
The play consists of two acts, the first act taking place \"before\" the main event of the play and the second act taking place \"after\" the main event, although the action does not always flow chronologically. In the first act, the characters spend the day at the local amusement park, Luna Park, enjoying themselves. Relationships between Lee, Kayla, Daniel, and Leslie begin to develop, before the park is tragically attacked by some unknown foe. In the process, Cory commits suicide, while the others suffer minor injuries but live. During the second act, the characters attempt to deal with their loss, anger and other emotions, while Lee, Kayla, Daniel, and Leslie follow through with their relationships, Daniel and Leslie become engaged. The play lacks a final resolution per se; the audience is somewhat \"left hanging.\"
## Characters
- Lee
- Flaco
- Cory
- Daniel
- Kayla
- Monica
- Leslie
- Optional chorus (four males, three females)
## Original production {#original_production}
The play was originally performed by a group of students and directed by Martha Stookey at the International High School of San Francisco in November 2005. It ran six productions for two weekends, each performance selling out.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,201 |
Keep On Pushing
|
***Keep On Pushing*** is a studio album by the Impressions, released on ABC-Paramount in 1964. This was the group\'s biggest hit album ever, reaching number 8 on the *Billboard* 200 chart, the band\'s highest position on the chart, and number 4 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The title track, \"Keep On Pushing,\" reached number 10 on the *Billboard* Hot 100 chart and number 1 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.
## Production
\"Amen\" was an African-American spiritual arranged and sung by Jester Hairston for the 1963 film *Lilies of the Field*, starring Sidney Poitier. Curtis Mayfield had been inspired by the film and the song \"Amen\" in particular: \"Of course, I\'d decided to do a version of it. We put it together in the studio starting off with a musical \'swing low sweet chariot\', and then we fell into that particular song with somewhat of a marching rhythm.\"
The album cover has a photograph taken by Don Bronstein of the group pushing Mayfield\'s Jaguar E-Type.`{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}}`{=mediawiki}
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
John Bush of AllMusic gave the album 4 stars out of 5, describing it as \"an excellent introduction for pop audiences just waking up to the inspirational power of soul music\'s finest group.\" He said, \"the album featured all the hallmarks of an Impressions set: impeccably smooth harmonies, the dynamic horn charts of Johnny Pate, and many more of Mayfield\'s irresistible songs (each with a clever spin on the usual love lyric as well as a strong sense of melody).\"
*Keep On Pushing* was one of those displayed on the cover of Bob Dylan\'s 1965 album, *Bringing It All Back Home*. Bob Marley included \"Amen\" and \"I Made a Mistake\" as part of the regular set list of the Wailers.
In 2017, *Pitchfork* placed it at number 167 on the \"200 Best Albums of the 1960s\" list. Evan Minsker said, \"Every song is crafted just as beautifully as the title track, with Pate\'s expert arrangements backing the trio\'s earworm harmonies.\"
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All tracks are written by Curtis Mayfield, except where noted
**Side one**
1. \"Keep On Pushing\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2:30
2. \"I\'ve Been Trying\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2:45
3. \"I Ain\'t Supposed To\" (Mayfield, Jerry Butler)`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2:28
4. \"Dedicate My Song to You\" (Mayfield, Alice Beard)`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}1:52
5. \"Long, Long Winter\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2:48
6. \"Somebody Help Me\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}3:15
**Side two**
1. \"Amen\" (trad.)`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}3:30
2. \"I Thank Heaven\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2:30
3. \"Talking About My Baby\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2:33
4. \"Don\'t Let It Hide\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2:20
5. \"I Love You (Yeah)\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2:07
6. \"I Made a Mistake\"`{{snd}}`{=mediawiki}2:31
## Personnel
Credits adapted from liner notes.
The Impressions
- Curtis Mayfield -- lead vocals, guitar, production
- Fred Cash -- backing vocals
- Sam Gooden -- backing vocals
- The Funk Brothers -- instrumentation
Technical
- Johnny Pate -- arrangements
- Don Bronstein -- cover photography
- Bob Ghiraldini -- liner photography
- Joe Lebow -- liner design
## Charts
+-----------------------------------------+----------+
| Chart | Peak\ |
| | position |
+=========================================+==========+
| US *Billboard* 200 | 8 |
+-----------------------------------------+----------+
| US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (*Billboard*) | 4 |
+-----------------------------------------+----------+
| | |
+-----------------------------------------+----------+
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,206 |
Bonscale Pike
|
**Bonscale Pike** is a fell in the English Lake District, standing above Howtown on Ullswater. It is the northern end of a spur running north north west from Loadpot Hill on the main ridge of the Far Eastern Fells.
## Topography
From Loadpot Hill the ridge gradually narrows on the approach to Bonscale Pike, first crossing a marshy area and then the domed intermediate top of Swarth Fell, 1788 ft. The ground from here onward is easy going with a covering of fell grass. Bonscale Pike stands on the north facing point as the boundaries of the ridge converge. Swarthbeck Gill on the east -- which separates the fell from its twin, Arthur\'s Pike -- falls to Ullswater through a ravine. The western boundary is formed by Fusedale Beck which also flows to the lake.
Bonscale Pike would be unlikely to register as a separate fell, but for the craggy western face. This is seen to best effect from Howtown or from a steamer on Ullswater, and swayed Wainwright to give the top a chapter in its own right.
## Summit
Depending upon their state of repair, two fine beacons (columnar cairns) may be prominent in the views from below. Bonscale Tower is the lower one, and both are placed on the rim of the crags. The actual summit is marked by a small cairn on a grassy mound, some yards behind. The view is masked to the south by Loadpot Hill, but the Helvellyns are well seen across the lake.
## Ascents
Ascent is usually from Howtown, a path slanting up across the breast of the fell. The crags can either be rounded to the north via the beacons, or via a more direct line to the south. The latter has no clear path. A fair path runs along the ridge to Loadpot Hill, crossing the High Street Roman road to the south of Brock Crag, a number of old boundary stones being encountered on this route. A traverse can also be made to Arthur\'s Pike, crossing Swarthbeck Gill near its source.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,211 |
Real Sportive
|
**Real Sportive** was a Ghanaian professional football club based in Tema, Greater Accra.
## History
They are a member of the Division Two League formerly of Poly Tank Division One League. Their home stadium is Tema Sports Stadium, formerly played in El Wak Stadium.
Real Sportive were promoted to the Ghana Premier League in 2004 and in their inaugural season ended Hearts of Oak\'s 46-game unbeaten streak. They followed up their record-breaking streak in 2005 robbing Asante Kotoko of an unbeaten streak.
South African Momo Medic was appointed their coach in 2007.
Sportive were relegated from the Premier League in 2008 after being deducted points for fielding an ineligible player before the last round of matches. Sportive played the 2009 season in Division One Zone 3B following their relegation but sold their Division One spot to Emirates FC after the season ended.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,213 |
Travis Shook
|
**Travis Shook** (born March 10, 1969) is a jazz pianist who made his eponymous Columbia Records debut in a quartet that included Tony Williams and Bunky Green. He was born in Oroville, California. He received much critical acclaim for this first effort, but failed to hold on to the contract when Sony purged a large percentage of the Columbia jazz roster upon acquiring the label in 1993. After spending some time as a member of the Betty Carter Trio, he dropped out of the public eye for a number of years.
In 1993, Shook and his wife, jazz singer Veronica Nunn, started their own record label, Dead Horse Records, which has released four recordings to date. Shook grew up in Olympia, Washington, moved to New York City in the mid-1990s and currently resides in Woodstock, New York.
## Selected discography {#selected_discography}
### As leader {#as_leader}
- *Travis Shook*
- *Awake*
- *Travis Shook Plays Kurt Weill*
- *Travis Shook - Trio*
### As sideman {#as_sideman}
**With Sonny Simmons**
- *American Jungle*
- *Reincarnation*
**With Veronica Nunn**
- *American Lullaby*
- *Standard Delivery*
- *The Art of Michael Franks*
**With Jay Thomas**
- *Rapture*
**With Skip Walker**
- *Tina\'s Contemplation*
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,218 |
Tema Sports Stadium
|
**Robert Mensah Sports Stadium** is a multi-use stadium in Tema, Ghana. It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Tema Youth and Real Sportive. The stadium holds 5,000 people. It was an artificial pitch used for training during the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,227 |
Perry Lang
|
**Perry Lang** (born December 24, 1959, in Palo Alto, California) is an American director, writer and actor.
## Acting
Lang has appeared in several films and television shows, such as *Teen Lust*, and directed himself in *Men of War* (1994). He had roles in *Alligator* (1980), *Eight Men Out* (1988) and *Sunshine State* (2002) --- all written and directed by John Sayles. He also appeared in *1941* (1979), *The Big Red One* (1980), *The Hearse* (1980), *Cattle Annie and Little Britches* (1981), *Body and Soul* (1981), *Tag: The Assassination Game* (1982), *O\'Hara\'s Wife* (1982), *Spring Break* (1983), *Sahara* (1983), *Jocks* (1987) and *Jennifer 8* (1992).
## Directing
He has directed episodes of television series such as *Cracker*, *Arli\$\$*, *ER*, *Millennium*, *Dawson\'s Creek*, *NYPD Blue*, *Nash Bridges*, *Fantasy Island*, *Weeds*, *Gilmore Girls*, *Army Wives*, *The Twilight Zone*, *Alias*, *Las Vegas*, *Jack & Bobby*, *Everwood*, and *Greek*. He also directed himself in *Men of War* (1994).
## Family
He is married to former actress Sage Parker-Lang, with whom he has two children.
## Filmography
### Film
Year Title Role Notes
------ ------------------------------------ ---------------------------- ---------
1978 *Big Wednesday* Tall Kid
1978 *Teen Lust* Terry Davis
1979 *A Great Ride* Jim Dancer
1979 *1941* Dennis DeSoto
1980 *The Hearse* Paul Gordon
1980 *The Big Red One* Private Kaiser - 1st Squad
1980 *Alligator* Officer Jim Kelly
1981 *Cattle Annie and Little Britches* Elrod
1981 *Body and Soul* Charles Golphin
1982 *Tag: The Assassination Game* Frank English
1982 *O\'Hara\'s Wife* Rob O\'Hara
1983 *Spring Break* Adam
1983 *A Rose for Emily* Deputy Binford (Short)
1983 *Sahara* Andy
1983 *Flyers* Tim Johnson (Short)
1986 *Jocks* Jeff
1988 *Mortuary Academy* Sam Grimm
1988 *Jailbird Rock* Denny
1988 *Eight Men Out* Fred McMullin
1990 *Jacob\'s Ladder* Jacob\'s Assailant
1990 *Little Vegas* Steve
1991 *Grave Images* Byron (Video)
1992 *Dead On: Relentless II* Ralph Boshi (Video)
1992 *Jennifer 8* Travis
1994 *Men of War* Lyle
2002 *Sunshine State* Greg
: `{{Screen reader-only| Perry Lang film credits}}`{=mediawiki}
### Television
Year Title Role Notes
------------ ------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
1977 *ABC Afterschool Specials* Hewitt Calder Episode: \"Hewitt\'s Just Different\"
1977 *The Fitzpatricks* Buddy Bonkers Episode: \"Say Goodbye to Buddy Bonkers\"
1977 *James at 15* Episode: \"The Apple Tree, the Singing and the Gold\"
1978 *What Really Happened to the Class of \'65?* Brian Episode: \"The Most Likely to Succeed\"
1978 *Police Story* Al Episode: \"A Chance to Live\"
1978 *Zuma Beach* Billy TV movie
1979 *How the West Was Won* Willie Johnson Episode: \"The Innocent\"
1979 *The Death of Ocean View Park* Billy Robbins TV movie
1979 *Flying High* Roberts Episode: \"The Challenges\"
1980 *A Rumor of War* Woodward miniseries
1982 *M\*A\*S\*H* Sandler Episode: \"Hey, Look Me Over\"
1983--1984 *Bay City Blues* \"Frenchy Nuckles\" 8 episodes
1985 *The Equalizer* Bobby Episode: \"The Children\'s Song\"
1986 *Miami Vice* Skip Mueller Episode: \"Trust Fund Pirates\"
1987 *Tales from the Darkside* Sandy Darhaus Episode: \"My Own Place\"
1988 *Monsters* Lenny Episode: \"Holly\'s House\"
1989 *China Beach* Lieutenant Commander Frederick Emmanuel Episode: \"Crossing the Great Water\"
1990 *Revealing Evidence: Stalking the Honolulu Strangler* TV movie
1990 *The Bakery* Wes \"Hotshot\" Williams TV movie
1992 *Civil Wars* Phil Partridge Episode: \"A Partridge in a Pair\'s Tree\"
1994 *Betrayed by Love* Earl McNally TV movie
1995 *The Commish* Martin Swope Episode: \"The Trial\"
1995 *Dead Weekend* Captain TV movie
1996 *NYPD Blue* The Bartender Episode: \"Girl Talk\"
1997 *Nash Bridges* Justin Previn Episode: \"Most Wanted\"
2000 *Popular* TV Director Episode: \"All About Adam\"
2002 *Glory Days* Episode: \"The Devil Made Me Do It\"
2010 *Blue Belle* David
: `{{Screen reader-only| Perry Lang television credits}}`{=mediawiki}
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,235 |
Peter Mahon (politician)
|
**Peter Mahon** (4 May 1909 -- 29 September 1980) was a British Labour, and later Liberal, politician.
Mahon was born into a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent in Bootle which was immersed in Liverpool Labour politics. He joined the Labour Party in 1924, at the age of 15. His father, Alderman Simon Mahon (1886--1961), was a local politician, who also stood unsuccessfully for Parliament. His brother, Simon Mahon, was elected MP for Bootle in 1955. His great-nephew, Peter Dowd, is the present Labour MP for Bootle, and served as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury until 2020.
In 1954, Mahon was selected as parliamentary candidate for the marginal seat of Blackburn West, but the seat was abolished by redistribution prior to the 1955 general election. Almost a decade later he was selected for the \"bellwether\" marginal seat of Preston South, a constituency with a significant Catholic population.
At the 1964 general election, he was elected as Member of Parliament for Preston South, defeating the sitting Conservative MP Alan Green by only 348 votes. He held the seat at the 1966 election with an increased majority, but at the 1970 general election, Green retook the seat with a majority of over 1,300.
On his election, Mahon introduced a Private Members Bill, to remove the necessity of applying for Probate in winding-up the estate of a poor person. The bill passed into law as the Administration of Estates (Small Payments) Act 1965. During his time in parliament, Mahon was a vociferous opponent of relaxation of the Abortion Laws, and in 1966 was responsible for the failure of David Steel\'s first attempt to introduce an Abortion reform bill, by his use of the parliamentary device of \"talking out.\" In 1971, Mahon sought the Labour party nomination in the Liverpool Scotland by-election, the seat with the largest Irish Catholic electorate in Britain; his brother Simon Mahon was Labour MP for the adjoining seat of Bootle. Peter Mahon was not selected, and instead stood in the by-election as an Independent \"Labour and Anti-Abortion\" candidate, securing a respectable 10.3% of the vote. He was expelled from the Labour party, and in 1973 he joined the Liberals. He subsequently sat as a Liberal councillor on Liverpool City Council and Liverpool Metropolitan District Council.
His grandson, Peter Garrett (b. 1966), former research director of LIFE, was a member of the Labour party until he resigned in 2000 in opposition to the party\'s stance on human cloning. He stood in the 2000 Preston by-election for the Preston Alliance, a group which campaigned for respect for human life and was endorsed by the Christian Peoples\' Alliance.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,240 |
Quiéreme Tal Como Soy
|
***Quiéreme Tal Como Soy*** (*Eng.: Love Me As I Am*) is the eighteenth studio album by singer Lucero. It was released in September 2006. The album contains reworked versions of some of her greatest hits written by Rafael Pérez Botija and covers of music by Rocío Dúrcal, Mocedades and José José (also written by Pérez-Botija). On 29 November 2006 the album was certified in Mexico as gold album, after selling 100,000 copies only in Mexico.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
The album is composed by twelve songs, all of them were arranged and composed by Rafael Perez Botija. `{{tracklist
| collapsed =
| total_length =
| title1 = Veleta
| writer1 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length1 = 3:46
| title2 = La gata bajo la lluvia
| writer2 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length2 = 3:24
| title3 = Quiéreme tal como soy
| writer3 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length3 = 3:27
| title4 = O tú o nada
| writer4 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length4 = 3:29
| title5 = La única que te entiende
| writer5 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length5 = 3:25
| title6 = Ya no
| writer6 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length6 = 3:30
| title7 = Jamás te dejaré
| writer7 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length7 = 3:08
| title8 = Tú eres mi refugio
| writer8 = Claudio Bermúdez
| length8 = 3:45
| title9 = Electricidad
| writer9 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length9 = 4:25
| title10 = Qué pasará mañana
| writer10 = Rafael Perez Botija
| length10 = 3:10
| title11 = Y qué
| writer11 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length11 = 3:10
| title12 = Sobreviviré
| writer12 = Rafael Pérez Botija
| length12 = 3:14
}}`{=mediawiki}
## Singles
\# Title Mexico Argentina Costa Rica Colombia Chile Peru Nicaragua
----- ------------------------------ -------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ------- ------ -----------
1\. \"La única que te entiende\" 14 13 2 2 1 3 1
2\. \"O tú o nada\" 64 35 n/a 45 19 20 10
3\. \"Que pasará mañana\" 8 20 10 15 1 12 1
4\. \"Tú eres mi refugio\" 42 n/a 16 n/a 5 29 6
## Album certification {#album_certification}
## Awards
It received two nominations in the *Orgullosamente Latino Awards*, one for *Latin Album of the Year*, but lost to RBD\'s \"Celestial\" and the other for *Best Female Singer*, losing to Olga Tañón. It was also nominated for *Best Balladeer* in *Lunas del Auditorio Awards*, award that was given to Emmanuel.
Year Region Award Category Result
------ -------- ----------------------------- -------------------- --------
2007 Mexico Orgullosamente Latino Award Best Latin Album
Best Female Singer
2008 Lunas del Auditorio Awards Best Balladeer
## Release history {#release_history}
This album was released in 3 formats:
- Digipack case for Mexican edition (September 2006)
- Normal case for USA edition (November 2006)
- Digital release
Country Format Date
--------------- -------------- --------------------
Chile CD September 19, 2006
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico CD & Digital September 9, 2006
Puerto Rico September 19, 2006
United States
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,252 |
Searches incident to a lawful arrest
|
**Search incident to a lawful arrest**, commonly known as **search incident to arrest** (**SITA**) or the ***Chimel* rule** (from *Chimel v. California*), is an American legal principle that allows police to perform a warrantless search of an arrested person and the area within the arrestee's immediate control in the interest of officer safety, the prevention of escape or the preservation of evidence.
Such searches are exceptions to the usual practice of obtaining a search warrant pursuant to the Fourth Amendment.
## Supreme Court decisions {#supreme_court_decisions}
### 1940s
- In *Harris v. United States* (1947), the Supreme Court of the United States held that a law enforcement officer was permitted to perform a warrantless search during or immediately after a lawful arrest of the arrestee and his or her premises, regardless of the purpose of the arrest.
### 1950s {#s_1}
- In *United States v. Rabinowitz* (1950), the Court narrowed its ruling to searches of the area within the arrestee\'s \"immediate control.\"
### 1960s {#s_2}
- In *Chimel v. California* (1969), the Court further limited the exception to the arrestee and the area within his or her immediate control \"in order to remove any weapons that the \[arrestee\] might seek to use in order to resist arrest or effect his escape\" and to prevent the \"concealment or destruction\" of evidence.
### 1970s {#s_3}
- *United States v. Robinson* (1973) -- The Court held that \"in the case of a lawful custodial arrest a full search of the person is not only an exception to the warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment, but is also a reasonable search under that Amendment.\"
### 1990s {#s_4}
- *Maryland v. Buie* (1990) -- The Court held that the Fourth Amendment permits a properly limited protective sweep in conjunction with an in-home arrest when the searching officer possesses a reasonable belief based on specific and articulable facts that the area to be swept harbors a person who poses a danger to those on the scene.
### 2000s {#s_5}
- *Arizona v. Gant* (2009) -- The Court ruled that law-enforcement officers may search automobiles following arrest only if the arrestee \"could have accessed his car at the time of the search.\" In other words, if the person arrested could conceivably reach into his car for a weapon, then a search based on officer safety is permitted. Absent these circumstances, the former practice of allowing officers to \"search \[a car\] incident to arrest\" is no longer permitted unless the police have reason to believe that the vehicle contains evidence of the offense of arrest.
### 2010s {#s_6}
- *Missouri v. McNeely* (2013) The Court ruled that police must generally obtain a warrant before subjecting a drunk-driving suspect to a blood test, and that the natural metabolism of blood alcohol does not establish a *per se* exigency that would justify a blood draw without consent.
- *Riley v. California* (2014) -- The Court held that \"police generally may not, without a warrant, search digital information on a cell phone seized from an individual who has been arrested.\" In other words, unless an exigent circumstance is present, police may not search an arrestee\'s cell phone without a warrant.
- *Birchfield v. North Dakota* (2016) - The Court held that for investigations regarding suspected driving under the influence, warrantless breathalyzer tests are permissible under the Fourth Amendment given that the impact on privacy is \"slight\", while more intrusive blood tests involving piercing the skin are not. The Court stated that \"there must be a limit to the consequences to which motorists may be deemed to have consented by virtue of a decision to drive on public roads\" under implied-consent laws and \"that motorists could be deemed to have consented to only those conditions that are \'reasonable\' in that they have a \'nexus\' to the privilege of driving\".
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,284 |
Motor vehicle exception
|
The **motor vehicle exception** is a legal rule in the United States that modifies the normal probable cause requirement of the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and, when applicable, allows a police officer to search a motor vehicle without a search warrant.
## Description
The motor vehicle exception was first established by the United States Supreme Court in 1925, in *Carroll v. United States*. The motor vehicle exception allows officers to search a vehicle without a search warrant if they have probable cause to believe that evidence or contraband is in the vehicle. The exception is based on the idea that there is a lower expectation of privacy in motor vehicles because of the regulations under which they operate. Also, the ease of mobility creates an inherent exigency to prevent the removal of evidence and contraband.
In *Pennsylvania v. Labron* the US Supreme Court stated, \"If a car is readily mobile and probable cause exists to believe it contains contraband, the Fourth Amendment permits the police to search the vehicle without more.\"
The scope of the search is limited to only the area that the officers have probable cause to search. The area can encompass the entire vehicle, including the trunk. The motor vehicle exception, in addition to allowing officers to search the vehicle, allows officers to search any containers found inside the vehicle that could contain the evidence or contraband for which they are searching (*United States v. Ross*). The objects searched do not need to belong to the owner of the vehicle. In *Wyoming v. Houghton*, the US Supreme Court ruled that the ownership of objects searched in the vehicle is irrelevant to the legitimacy of the search.
Some states\' constitutions require officers to show there was not enough time to obtain a warrant. Except for states with that requirement, officers are not required to obtain a warrant even if it may be possible to do so.
In *United States v. Ludwig*, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals found that a search warrant is not required even if there is little or no risk of the vehicle being driven off. The court stated, \"If police have probable cause to search a car, they need not get a search warrant first even if they have time and opportunity.\" In *United States v. Johns*, the US Supreme Court upheld a search of a vehicle that had been seized and was in police custody for three days prior to the search: \"A vehicle lawfully in police custody may be searched on the basis of probable cause to believe it contains contraband, and there is no requirement of exigent circumstances to justify such a warrantless search.\"
The US Supreme Court in *California v. Carney* found the motor vehicle exception to apply to a motor home. The court, however, made a distinction between readily-mobile motor homes and parked mobile homes. A number of factors, including the home being elevated on blocks, the vehicle being licensed, and its connection to utilities determine if the motor vehicle exception applies. In *United States v. Johns*, the motor vehicle exception was applied to trucks. In *United States v. Forrest*, it was applied to trailers pulled by trucks and to boats. In *United States v. Hill*, it was applied to house boats. In *United States v. Nigro* and *United States v. Montgomery*, the motor vehicle exception was found to apply to airplanes.
## Development
The motor vehicle exception has gone through five phases as marked by Supreme Court cases:
- A. Early cases; *Carroll v. United States* to *United States v. Di Re* and the requirement of exigency
:
: See also: *Cooper v. California*
- B. *Chambers v. Maroney* and the relaxing of exigency
:
: See also: *Preston v United States*, *Dyke v Taylor Implement Mfg. Co.*; *Coolidge v. New Hampshire, Almeida-Sanchez v. United States, Cardwell v. Lewis*, *Texas v. White*
- C. Automobile exception first applied to containers in *Arkansas v. Sanders*
:
: See also: *United States v. Chadwick*, *Colorado v. Bannister*
- D. Probable cause and containers \-- *United States v. Ross*
:
: See also: *California v. Acevedo*, *Wyoming v. Houghton*
- E. The clearer movement toward automobile---exigency
:
: See also: *Michigan v. Thomas*, *United States v. Johns*, *California v. Carney*, *Maryland v. Dyson*
The vehicle exception does not include vehicles parked within private property where there is a reasonable expectation of privacy, which includes a home and its surrounding curtilage, defined by the Fourth Amendment, as determined in *Collins v. Virginia* (2018). The Supreme Court also ruled in the 2017 case *Byrd v. United States* that the motor vehicle exception also includes those driving rental vehicles even if the driver is not listed on the rental agreement.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,285 |
Loon (album)
|
***Loon*** is the debut studio album by American rapper Loon. It was released on October 21, 2003 via Bad Boy Records. Production was handled by Yogi, Ryan Leslie, Younglord, 7 Aurelius, then-unknown Akon, Anthony \"Scoe\" Walker, Bink!, Buckwild, Conrad \"Rad\" Dimanche, D Nat the Natural, Fredwreck, Mario Winans, P. Diddy, Shaft, Scott Storch, Trackmasters, and Loon himself. It features guest appearances from P. Diddy, Aaron Hall, Carl Thomas, Claudette Ortiz, Joe Hooker, Kelis, Mario Winans, Missy Elliott, Tammy Ruggeri, Trina and The Letter M.
The album peaked at number six on the *Billboard* 200 and number two on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. The album sold 80,000 units in its first week. \"Down for Me\", the single taken from the album, peaked at number 28 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and number 14 on the Hot Rap Tracks.
## Critical reception {#critical_reception}
\| rev2 = RapReviews \| rev2score = 5/10 \| rev3 = *Rolling Stone* \| rev3score = `{{Rating|2|5}}`{=mediawiki} }} AllMusic\'s Jason Birchmeier found the album overlong with its romantic hip-hop tracklist but gave credit to the production for being \"always fresh, lively, and above all, poppy\" concluding that Loon\'s debut \"overall should please long time Bad Boy fans and anyone who relishes the label\'s refined style of lovers rap\". Jon Caramanica from *Rolling Stone* criticized Loon\'s delivery for lacking variations in technique and lyrical content, and said that the deviation from R&B into \"moral-laden narratives (\"Story\" and \"Don\'t Wanna Die\")\" or \"joke-poking (\"This Ain\'t Funny\")\" is where his seduction works the most.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Personnel
Adapted credits from the album\'s booklet.
- Sean \"P.Diddy\" Combs: executive producer
- Harve Pierre: executive producer
- Chris Athens: mastering (Sterling Sound)
- Erik Sorensen: additional Pro Tools engineering
- Mark Pitts: associate executive producer (ByStorm Entertainment)
- Gwendolyn Niles: project manager
- Christopher Stern: creative direction
## Chart positions {#chart_positions}
+------------------------+----------+
| Chart (2003) | Peak\ |
| | position |
+:=======================+:========:+
| *Billboard* 200 | 6 |
+------------------------+----------+
| Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums | 2 |
+------------------------+----------+
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,290 |
Mark Reed (physicist)
|
Mark Reed}} `{{Infobox scientist
| name = Mark Arthur Reed
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1955|01|04}}
| birth_place = [[Suffern, New York]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2021|5|05|1955|01|04}}
| nationality = American
| fields = [[Nanotechnology]]
| workplaces = [[Texas Instruments]], [[Yale University]]
| alma_mater = [[Syracuse University]]
| doctoral_advisor = Arnold Honig
| known_for = [[Quantum dots]]
| spouse =
}}`{=mediawiki}
**Mark Arthur Reed** (January 4, 1955 -- May 5, 2021) was an American physicist and professor at Yale University. He is noted particularly for seminal research on quantum dots.
## Career and education {#career_and_education}
He coined the term quantum dots, for demonstrating the first zero-dimensional electronic device that had fully quantized energy states. Reed did research in electronic transport in nanoscale and mesoscopic systems, artificially structured materials and devices, molecular electronics, biosensors and bioelectronic systems, and nanofluidics. He was the author of more than 200 publications, had given over 75 plenary and over 400 invited talks, and held 33 U.S. and foreign patents on quantum effect, heterojunction, and molecular devices. He was the editor in chief of the journal *Nanotechnology* (2009--2019) and of the journal *Nano Futures*, and held numerous other editorial and advisory board positions. Reed received his Ph.D. from Syracuse University in 1983. He worked at Texas Instruments from 1983 to 1990, where he demonstrated the first quantum dot device. He had been at Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science since 1990, where he held the Harold Hodgkinson Chair of Engineering and Applied Science. Notable work there included the first conductance measurement of a single molecule, the first single molecule transistor, and the development of CMOS nanowire biosensors.
## Awards and recognition {#awards_and_recognition}
Reed had been elected to the Connecticut Academy of Science and Engineering and Who\'s Who in the World. His awards included; Fortune Magazine "Most Promising Young Scientist" (1990), the Kilby Young Innovator Award (1994), the Fujitsu ISCS Quantum Device Award (2001), the Yale Science and Engineering Association Award for Advancement of Basic and Applied Science (2002), Fellow of the American Physical Society (2002), the inaugural IEEE Pioneer Award in Nanotechnology (2007), Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (2009), and a Finalist for the World Technology Award (2010).
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He married Elizabeth Schaefer on August 24, 1996. He died on May 5, 2021.
## Awards
- Fortune Magazine\'s \"Most Promising Young Scientist\" (1990)
- Kilby Young Innovator Award (1994)
- DARPA ULTRA Most Significant Achievement Award (1997)
- Syracuse University Distinguished Alumni award (2000)
- Fujitsu ISCS Quantum Device Award (2001)
- American Physical Society Fellowship (2002)
- Yale Science and Engineering Association Award for Advancement of Basic and Applied Science (2002)
- IEEE Fellowship (2009)
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,294 |
Landlord and Tenant Act 1954
|
The **Landlord and Tenant Act 1954** (2 & 3 Eliz. 2. c. 56) is an act of the United Kingdom Parliament extending to England and Wales. Part I of the act (sections 1-21), which dealt with the protection of residential tenancies, is now largely superseded. Part II of the act (sections 22-46) is a statutory code governing business tenancies. Various other matters are covered in Parts III and IV.
Part II of the act gives business tenants a degree of security of tenure. A business tenant protected by the act may not be evicted simply by the giving of notice to quit or by the ending of a fixed term of the tenancy. The landlord must serve a notice on the tenant, stating which of the seven grounds of opposition they wish to rely upon to oppose a new tenancy.
## Applicability
Part II of the act applies to any tenancy where the property \"is or includes premises which are occupied by the tenant and are so occupied for the purposes of a business carried on by him or for those and other purposes\". There are some exceptions under the act, which are included in section 43. These include mining leases and agricultural premises. The act does not protect leases with a term of less than 6 months which hold no scope to renew. Both parties can agree not to be covered. Additionally, a tenancy granted by reason of employment by the grantor is excluded from the act, providing that there is clear agreement in writing which states the purpose of the tenancy.
## Case law {#case_law}
In *Graysim Holdings Ltd v P.& O. Property Holdings Ltd.*, the House of Lords considered the situation of a lease of a market hall to a tenant who then let individual market stalls to market traders. The question considered was whether the tenant could take advantage of the protection offered by the act. The House of Lords decided that the tenant could not be said to occupy for the purposes of the business that was being carried on there (which was being carried out by the market traders).
This decision was followed in *Bassairi Limited v London Borough of Camden*, where the tenant let out the bulk of the premises as furnished apartments. Again, it was held that the tenant did not occupy for the purposes of a business.
*Esselte AB v Pearl Assurance plc* in 1997 established that when a tenant ceases to occupy the property for business purposes then their security of tenure will cease.
## Amendments
The 1954 act was amended by the **Regulatory Reform (Business Tenancies) (England and Wales) Order 2003** (SI 2003/3096), which was made on 1 December 2003 and came into effect on 1 June 2004. This order was adopted under the UK\'s regulatory reform agenda, which aimed at removing legislative burdens on businesses. The order implemented many of the recommendations of a Law Commission report of 1992 on business tenancies. The main changes adopted under this order were:
- Where landlords are proposing to renew a tenancy under section 25 of the act they must state their proposed rent and other terms
- the previous requirement for a tenant to serve a counter-notice was withdrawn
- tenancies can be extended at the continuing existing rent
- either landlord or tenant can apply to a court for an interim rent, and
- a contracting-out procedure which existed under section 38(1) of the act was abolished.
A consultation draft for a revised form of section 25 notice was issued in January 2004. This required a landlord to set out the terms proposed for the new lease: without the inclusion of proposed terms the notice would not be valid. Lawyer Malcolm Dowden commented that landlords who simply wanted a section 25 notice \"to contain a wish list of terms\" would need to beware, arguing that a 2003 court ruling in *Mount Cook v Rosen*, which addressed the meaning of the term \"proposal\" as used in the Leasehold Reform, Housing and Urban Development Act 1993, was likely to be applied in Landlord and Tenant Act cases. This would require \"proposed terms\" to be read as \"realistic\" terms or terms based on expert valuation advice.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,300 |
SPEAK (test)
|
The **Speaking Proficiency English Assessment Kit** (**SPEAK**) is a test developed by the Educational Testing Service (ETS) to measure a non-native speaker\'s proficiency in spoken English. It is usually taken as a professional certification, especially by graduate teaching assistants and medical professionals in the American college and university system for communication with their students and patients, respectively. It is very similar to the Test of Spoken English (TSE), and is in fact a form of the TSE developed for institutions by using retired forms of the TSE.
The SPEAK has been routinely criticized for not accurately testing how a speaker will perform in the real world, in part because it is administered through the individual speaking into a recording device rather than to a person, and for using native-speaker norms to judge non-native speakers. In fact, independent audits of the SPEAK conducted in 2012 on some of the few institutions found to still administer this test revealed that the assessment standards provided by ETS were not even being used by the assessors. In fact, in some cases, the assessors of the test were not trained in any way to conduct the assessments, and were found to be assigning arbitrary grades to the candidates. Some of the raters audited were found to themselves have limited functional spoken grammar.
The SPEAK is no longer supported by the ETS, and it is not offered at most academic institutions, but some still recognize it for enrollment in certain degree programs where the proficiency of an individual\'s spoken English is deemed to be the priority. However, academic institutions and other agencies that would recognize this test as a valid assessment of an individual\'s capabilities in spoken English should`{{opinion|date=January 2024}}`{=mediawiki} be aware that this test highly susceptible to fraud. Versions of the test that may still be in use by academic institutions administering this test are compromised, and it is highly likely that people with results from this test have had the opportunity to take exactly the same test multiple times.
The ETS developed the four skills (listening, reading, speaking and writing) TOEFL iBT test. The Speaking section of the TOEFL is not available separately from the other sections, but institutions wishing to test speaking skills only may want to use the TOEIC ( of English for International Communication) Speaking Test, also developed by the ETS and available as a stand-alone assessment.`{{advert inline|date=January 2024}}`{=mediawiki}
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,312 |
Mike Ruth
|
**Michael Joseph Ruth** (born June 25, 1964) is an American former professional football defensive tackle. He played college football for the Boston College Eagles, where he won the Outland Trophy as college football\'s best lineman in 1985. After two seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the New England Patriots, who drafted him in the second round of the 1986 NFL Draft, he finished his professional football career with the Barcelona Dragons of the World League of American Football (WLAF) in 1991 and 1992.
Ruth was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in December 2017. He is the 10th former Boston College player or coach enshrined in the National Football Foundation College Football Hall of Fame.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
He later graduated from Harvard University with a M.Ed. and is now a teacher at Everett High School in Massachusetts.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,324 |
Abovyan City Stadium
|
**Vahagn Tumasyan Stadium** (*Վահագն Թումասյանի անվան Մարզադաշտ*) is an all-seater football stadium in Abovyan, Armenia.
## Overview
The stadium was opened in 1966 and currently holds a capacity of 3,100 seats. The stadium which was known as **Kotayk Stadium** until 2006, used to have a capacity of 5,500 spectators. In 2006, the venue was turned into an all-seater stadium, thus reducing the capacity down to 3,946 seats (2,498 at the eastern stand and 1,448 at the western stand). The stadium was renamed **Abovyan City Stadium** during the same year. Major renovation works were executed in 2021-22.
The stadium used to be FC Kotayk Abovian\'s home ground during the Soviet period and after the independence of Armenia. However, when the club was dissolved, the stadium has been used by various Yerevan clubs as a temporary home venue.
The stadium was also the home ground of the Armenia national rugby union team. Between 2005 and 2008, the stadium became home to many victories achieved by the Armenian rugby team with the most recent one over Serbia in 2008, with a result of 25--0.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,340 |
Philippe Saisse
|
**Philippe Saisse** (`{{IPA|fr|filip sɛs}}`{=mediawiki}; born 1957) is a French jazz musician, composer, record producer, and arranger.
## Career
He was born in Marseille and raised in Paris. After studying at the Paris Conservatory he won a scholarship to the Berklee College of Music. He was half of the duo Doppelganger with Randy Fredrix; a video for their song \"Communication Breakdown\" was added to MTV\'s playlist in 1985.
He became the protégé of Gary Burton and debuted on Al Di Meola\'s *Splendido Hotel*. He also worked with Nile Rodgers and Felicia Collins in the album Outloud and wrote for David Sanborn. He has also worked in the alternative rock, jazz fusion and rock world for David Bowie, Chaka Khan, Al Jarreau, Gato Barbieri, Paul King, and the Rolling Stones.
Between 1988 and 1990 he performed as the regular house band keyboardist in the Sunday Night Band, during the two seasons that the highly acclaimed music performance program Sunday Night ran on NBC late-night television \"Night Music\" episodes No. 104 (1988), No. 113 (1989), No. 114 (1989), No. 121 (1989).
Saisse\'s 2008 solo album, *At World\'s Edge*, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Jazz Album. Although it did not reach the commercial success normally expected of an album boasting a cast of highly ranked musicians, it reunited Saisse with two old friends: bassist Pino Palladino, and drummer Simon Phillips. The three performers joined together as an instrumental rock/jazz fusion trio ensemble PSP (Phillips Saisse Palladino). Their debut album, *PSP LIVE*, on the C.A.R.E Music Group label (of Munich) and the Forest Records label has been supported by a minor tour of Europe from 2009 through February 2010, spotlighting the talents of each performer in the songs chosen for their set list. The trio finished up their tour in Japan at the end of March, 2010, having allowed Palladino time in February to honor his responsibilities as the touring bassist with the Who, at the Super Bowl XLIV half-time show in the United States.
Saisse was a member of *Dave Koz & the Kozmos*, the house band of *The Emeril Lagasse Show*.
In 2014, he worked with Japanese drummer Senri Kawaguchi on her second album *Buena Vista* and in 2016 he worked with her again, composing many tracks for and playing in her album *Cider \~ Hard and Sweet*, which was released in December, 2016. In 2017, they performed together with Armand Sabal-Lecco at the 2017 Tokyo Jazz festival before touring a number of locations round Japan, including one at Motion Blue in Tokyo which won the Nissan Jazz Japan Award 2017 for Best Live Performance.
## Discography
- *Valerian* (Windham Hill, 1988)
- *Storyteller* (Philips, 1991)
- *Dream Catcher* (Georges Mary, 1994)
- *Masques* (Windham Hill, 1995)
- *NeXT Voyage* (Windham Hill, 1997)
- *Halfway \'Til Dawn* (GRP, 1999)
- *The Body and Soul Sessions* (Rendezvous, 2006)
- *At World\'s Edge* (Koch, 2009)
- *On the Level* (Bander-Log, 2017)
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,345 |
2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five
|
The **2008 ICC World Cricket League Division Five** is a cricket tournament that took place between 23 and 31 May 2008 in Jersey. It formed part of the ICC World Cricket League and qualification for the 2011 World Cup tournament. Afghanistan won the competition. They went on to qualify for the 2015 Cricket World Cup and gain Test status in 2017.
## Teams
+------+------+------+
| - | - | - |
| - | - | - |
| - | - | - |
| - | - | - |
+------+------+------+
The top two teams from this tournament progressed to the Division Four.
## Squads
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \ | \ | \ | \ |
| `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Taj Malik]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{Nobold|Coach: [[John Welch (cricket coach)|John Welch]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Solly Chothia]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Keith Thompson (cricket coach)|Keith Thompson]]}}`{=mediawiki} |
+=====================================================+===========================================================================+=================================================================================+===================================================================================+
| - Nowroz Mangal (c) | - Narendra Ekanayake (c) | - Tshepo Mhozya (c) | - Graham Sommer (c) |
| - Ahmed Shah | - Gary Armstrong | - Omar Ali | - Farooq Ahmed |
| - Asghar Afghan | - Whitcliff Atkinson | - Manon Barot | - Abdul Bhatti |
| - Dawlat Ahmadzai | - Jonathan Barry | - Dave Buchanan | - Anees Butt |
| - Gulbadin Naib | - Andrew Ford | - Akrum Chand | - James Eggleston |
| - Hamid Hassan | - Mario Ford | - Mosa Gaolekwe | - Milano Fernando |
| - Hasti Gul | - Lee Melville | - Karan Kapoor | - Javed Iqbal |
| - Jalat Khan | - Roderick Mitchell | - Shah Zaib Khan | - Asif Khan |
| - Karim Khan | - Dannavan Morrison | - Karabo Modise | - Ehsan Latif |
| - Mohammad Nabi | - Himchan Rampersaud | - Saad Mohiyuddin | - Barkatullah Masaud |
| - Noor Ali | - Wayne Patrick | - James Moses | - Surya Narayanan |
| - Raees Ahmadzai | - Ryan Tappin | - Abdul Patel | - Ayoub Pasha |
| - Samiullah Shenwari | - Gregory Taylor | - Denzil Sequiera | - Srinivas Satyanarayana |
| - Shapoor Zadran | - Dwight Weakley | - Nadeem Tajbhay | - Rajeev Vohra |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \ | \ | \ | \ |
| `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Richard Laidler]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Peter Kirsten]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Ismail Hassan (cricket coach)|Ismail Hassan]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Roy Dias]]}}`{=mediawiki} |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - Ko Irie (c) | - Matthew Hague (c) | - Shoaib Younis (c) | - Binod Das (c) |
| - Gavin Beath | - James Brewster | - Giovanni Fiorentino | - Mehboob Alam |
| - Tatsuro Chino | - Steve Carlyon | - Imran Ismail | - Amrit Bhattarai |
| - Takuro Hagihara | - Tony Carlyon | - Nadir Karim | - Dhirendra Chand |
| - Patrick Giles-Jones | - James Caunt | - Jadesh Khorava | - Dipendra Chaudhary |
| - Courtney Jones | - Andrew Dewhurst | - Aasif Koliya | - Mahesh Chhetri |
| - Naoki Kamatani | - Ryan Driver | - Imtiyaz Lili | - Shakti Gauchan |
| - Kensuke Kobayashi | - Jonathan Gough | - Zainul Patel | - Paras Khadka |
| - Masaomi Kobayashi | - Peter Gough | - Chandra Puspussen | - Paresh Lohani |
| - Yuta Matsubara | - Christopher Jones | - Kamran Qadir | - Gyanendra Malla |
| - Naoki Miyaji | - Robert Minty | - Kaleem Shah | - Raj Pradhan |
| - Ahmad Munir | - Thomas Minty | - Mahomad Sidat | - Basanta Regmi |
| - Kenji Murata | - Sachin Patidar | - Wayne Smith | - Sanjam Regmi |
| - Satoshi Nakano | - Mark Saralis | | - Sharad Vesawkar |
| | - Bradley Vowden | | |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| \ | \ | \ | \ |
| `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Ralph Dellor]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{Nobold|Coach: [[M. Venkataramana]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Clayton Lambert]]}}`{=mediawiki} | `{{Nobold|Coach: [[Tim Curran (cricketer)|Tim Curran]]}}`{=mediawiki} |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| - Shahid Ahmed (c) | - Chaminda Ruwan (c) | - Steve Massiah (c) | - Patrick Haines (c) |
| - Munawar Ahmed | - Syed Ali | - Imran Awan | - Michael Avok |
| - Zeeshan Ali | - Mulewa Dharmichand | - Orlando Baker | - Lazaro Carlot |
| - Zaheer Ashiq | - Christopher Janik | - Lennox Cush | - Pierre Chilia |
| - Mubasshar Bhatti | - Chongwei Low | - Rahul Kukreti | - Selwyn Garae |
| - Abdul Hadi | - Rizwan Madakia | - Rashard Marshall | - Aby John |
| - Adeel Ibrar | - Buddhika Mendis | - Mohamed Masood | - Trevor Langa |
| - Waseem Gill | - James Muruthi | - Sushil Nadkarni | - Andrew Mansale |
| - Saqib Qayyum | - Anish Paraam | - Steve Pitter | - Eddie Mansale |
| - Sameer Sachdev | - Narender Reddy | - Gowkaran Roopnarine | - Patrick Matautaava |
| - Zeeshan Siddiqui | - Zeng Renchun | - Niraj Shah | - Kenneth Natapei |
| - Ehetsham Ul-Haq | - Mohamed Shoib | - Khawaja Shuja | - Lenica Natapei |
| - Aamir Waheed | - Chetan Suryawanshi | - Wahab Syed | - Manu Nimoho |
| - Majid Zia | - Arun Vijayan | - Aditya Thyagarajan | - Simpson Obed |
| | | | - Richard Tatwin |
+-----------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
## Group stage {#group_stage}
### Points Tables {#points_tables}
+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| ### Group A {#group_a} | ### Group B {#group_b} |
| | |
| Team Pld W T L NR Pts NRR | Team Pld W T L NR Pts NRR |
| ------ ----- --- --- --- ---- ------- -------- | ------ ----- --- --- --- ---- ------- -------- |
| 5 4 0 0 1 **9** +3.039 | 5 4 0 0 1 **9** +2.464 |
| 5 4 0 0 1 **9** +2.104 | 5 3 1 0 1 **7** +1.626 |
| 5 3 2 0 0 **6** +0.675 | 5 3 1 0 1 **7** +0.218 |
| 5 1 3 0 1 **3** −2.159 | 5 1 3 0 1 **3** −0.724 |
| 5 1 4 0 0 **2** −0.545 | 5 0 3 1 1 **2** −1.354 |
| 5 0 4 0 1 **1** −3.520 | 5 0 3 1 1 **2** −2.655 |
+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
| | |
+--------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------+
### Fixtures and results {#fixtures_and_results}
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## Semifinals
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## 3rd Place Playoff {#rd_place_playoff}
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## Final
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## Plate
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## Final Placings {#final_placings}
Pos Team Promotion/Relegation
------ ------ ------------------------------------
1st Promoted to 2008 Division Four
2nd
3rd Remain in 2010 Division Five
4th
5th Relegated to regional competitions
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
## Statistics
Most Runs
------------------------- -----
Shahid Ahmed(cricketer) 349
Peter Gough 312
Gavin Beath 201
Gyanendra Malla 185
Sushil Nadkarni 180
Kaleem Shah 170
Zaheer Ashiq 167
Steve Carlyon 164
Karim Khan 164
Buddhika Mendis 162
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,359 |
The Dynasts
|
***The Dynasts*** is an English-language epic in verse and prose by Thomas Hardy. Hardy himself described this work as \"an epic-drama of the war with Napoleon, in three parts, nineteen acts and one hundred and thirty scenes\". Not counting the Forescene and the Afterscene, the exact total number of scenes is 131. The verse is primarily iambic pentameter, occasionally tetrameter, and often with rhymes. The three parts were published in 1904, 1906 and 1908.
Because of the ambition and scale of the work, Hardy acknowledged in his Preface to the work that *The Dynasts* was \"intended simply for mental performance, and not for the stage\", and described the work as \"the longest English drama in existence\". Scholars have noted that Hardy remembered war stories of the veterans of the Napoleonic wars in his youth, and used them as partial inspiration for writing *The Dynasts* many years later in his own old age. In addition, Hardy was a distant relative of Captain Thomas Hardy, who had served with Admiral Horatio Nelson at Trafalgar. Hardy consulted a number of histories and also visited Waterloo, Belgium, as part of his research.
George Orwell wrote that Hardy had \"set free his genius\" by writing this drama and thought its main appeal was \"in the grandiose and rather evil vision of armies marching and counter-marching through the mists, and men dying by hundreds of thousands in the Russian snows, and all for absolutely nothing.\"
## Synopsis
In addition to the various historical figures, *The Dynasts* also contains an extensive tragic chorus of metaphysical figures (\"Spirits\" and \"Ancient Spirits\") who observe and discuss the events.
Part First contains a Forescene and six Acts with 35 Scenes. The time period of the events in Part First covers 10 months, from March 1805, the time when Napoleon repeated his coronation ceremony at Milan and took up the crown of Lombardy, through January 1806, the time of the death of William Pitt the Younger. The principal historical events entail Napoleon\'s invasion plans for England, which are abandoned when French Admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve sails for the south, the Battle of Trafalgar, and subsequently the Battle of Ulm and the Battle of Austerlitz. The division of the Acts and its Scenes is as follows:
Fore Scene. The Overworld
Act First:
- Scene I. England -- A Ridge in Wessex
- Scene II. Paris -- Office of the Minister of Marine
- Scene III. London -- The Old House of Commons
- Scene IV. The Harbour of Boulogne
- Scene V. London -- The House of a Lady of Quality
- Scene VI. Milan. The Cathedral
Act Second:
- Scene I. The Dockyard, Gibraltar
- Scene II. Off Ferrol
- Scene III. The Camp and Harbour of Boulogne
- Scene IV. South Wessex -- A Ridge-like Down near the Coast
- Scene V. The Same -- Rainbarrows\' Beacon, Egdon Heath
Act Third:
- Scene I. The Chateau at Pont-de-Briques
- Scene II. The Frontiers of Upper Austria and Bavaria
- Scene III. Boulogne -- The St Omer Road
Act Fourth:
- Scene I. King George\'s Watering-place, South Wessex
- Scene II. Before the City of Ulm
- Scene III. Ulm -- Within the City
- Scene IV. Before Ulm -- The Same Day
- Scene V. The Same -- The Michaelsberg
- Scene VI. London -- Spring Gardens
Act Fifth:
- Scene I. Off Cape Trafalgar
- Scene II. The Same -- The Quarter-deck of the \"Victory\"
- Scene III. The Same -- On Board the \"Bucentaure\"
- Scene IV. The Same -- The Cockpit of the \"Victory\"
- Scene V. London -- The Guildhall
- Scene VI. An Inn at Rennes
- Scene VII. King George\'s Watering-place, South Wessex
Act Sixth:
- Scene I. The Field of Austerlitz -- The French Position
- Scene II. The Same -- The Russian Position
- Scene III. The Same -- The French Position
- Scene IV. The Same -- The Russian Position
- Scene V. The Same -- Near the Windmill of Paleny
- Scene VI. Shockerwick House, near Bath
- Scene VII. Paris -- A Street leading to the Tuileries
- Scene VIII. Putney -- Bowling Green House
Part Second contains six Acts with 43 Scenes. The time period of the events of Part Second ranges over 7 years, from 1806 to just before the French invasion of Russia in 1812. The listing of the Acts and Scenes is as follows: `{{col-begin}}`{=mediawiki} `{{col-break}}`{=mediawiki} Act First:
- Scene I. London -- Fox\'s Lodgings, Arlington Street
- Scene II. The Route between London and Paris
- Scene III. The Streets of Berlin
- Scene IV. The Field of Jena
- Scene V. Berlin -- A Room overlooking a Public Place
- Scene VI. The Same
- Scene VII. Tilsit and the River Niemen
- Scene VIII. The Same
Act Second:
- Scene I. The Pyrenees and Valleys adjoining
- Scene II. Aranjuez, near Madrid -- A Room in the Palace of Godoy, the \"Prince of Peace\"
- Scene III. London -- The Marchioness of Salisbury\'s
- Scene IV. Madrid and its Environs
- Scene V. The Open Sea between the English Coasts and the Spanish Peninsula
- Scene VI. St Cloud -- The Boudoir of Josephine
- Scene VII. Vimiero
Act Third:
- Scene I. Spain -- A Road near Astorga
- Scene II. The Same
- Scene III. Before Coruna
- Scene IV. Coruna -- Near the Ramparts
- Scene V. Vienna -- A Cafe in the Stephans-Platz
Act Fourth:
- Scene I. A Road out of Vienna
- Scene II. The Island of Lobau, with Wagram beyond
- Scene III. The Field of Wagram
- Scene IV. The Field of Talavera
- Scene V. The Same
- Scene VI. Brighton -- The Royal Pavilion
- Scene VII. The Same
- Scene VIII. Walcheren
Act Fifth:
- Scene I. Paris -- A Ballroom in the House of Cambaceres
- Scene II. Paris -- The Tuileries
- Scene III. Vienna -- A Private Apartment in the Imperial Palace
- Scene IV. London -- A Club in St. James\'s Street
- Scene V. The old West Highway out of Vienna
- Scene VI. Courcelles
- Scene VII. Petersburg -- The Palace of the Empress-Mother
- Scene VIII. Paris -- The Grand Gallery of the Louvre and the Salon-Carre adjoining
Act Sixth:
- Scene I. The Lines of Torres Vedras
- Scene II. The Same -- Outside the Lines
- Scene III. Paris -- The Tuileries
- Scene IV. Spain -- Albuera
- Scene V. Windsor Castle -- A Room in the King\'s Apartments
- Scene VI. London -- Carlton House and the Streets adjoining
- Scene VII. The Same -- The Interior of Carlton House
Part Third contains seven Acts with 53 Scenes, and an After Scene. The historical time period of Part Third covers Napoleon\'s invasion of Russia in 1812 through his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. The division of the Acts and Scenes is as follows:
Act First:
- Scene I. The Banks of the Niemen, near Kowno
- Scene II. The Ford of Santa Marta, Salamanca
- Scene III. The Field of Salamanca
- Scene IV. The Field of Borodino
- Scene V. The Same
- Scene VI. Moscow
- Scene VII. The Same -- Outside the City
- Scene VIII. The Same -- The Interior of the Kremlin
- Scene IX. The Road from Smolensko into Lithuania
- Scene X. The Bridge of the Beresina
- Scene XI. The Open Country between Smorgoni and Wilna
- Scene XII. Paris -- The Tuileries
Act Second:
- Scene I. The Plain of Vitoria
- Scene II. The Same, from the Puebla Heights
- Scene III. The Same -- The Road from the Town
- Scene IV. A Fete at Vauxhall Gardens
Act Third:
- Scene I. Leipzig -- Napoleon\'s Quarters in the Reudnitz Suburb
- Scene II. The Same -- The City and the Battlefield
- Scene III. The Same -- From the Tower of the Pleissenburg
- Scene IV. The Same -- At the Thonberg Windmill
- Scene V. The Same -- A Street near the Ranstadt Gate
- Scene VI. The Pyrenees -- Near the River Nivelle
Act Fourth:
- Scene I. The Upper Rhine
- Scene II. Paris -- The Tuileries
- Scene III. The Same -- The Apartments of the Empress
- Scene IV. Fontainebleau -- A Room in the Palace
- Scene V. Bayonne -- The British Camp
- Scene VI. A Highway in the Outskirts of Avignon
- Scene VII. Malmaison -- The Empress Josephine\'s Bedchamber
- Scene VIII. London -- The Opera-House
Act Fifth:
- Scene I. Elba -- The Quay, Porto Ferrajo
- Scene II. Vienna -- The Imperial Palace
- Scene III. La Mure, near Grenoble
- Scene IV. Schonbrunn
- Scene V. London -- The Old House of Commons
- Scene VI. Wessex -- Durnover Green, Casterbridge
Act Sixth:
- Scene I. The Belgian Frontier
- Scene II. A Ballroom in Brussels
- Scene III. Charleroi -- Napoleon\'s Quarters
- Scene IV. A Chamber overlooking a Main Street in Brussels
- Scene V. The Field of Ligny
- Scene VI. The Field of Quatre-Bras
- Scene VII. Brussels -- The Place Royale
- Scene VIII. The Road to Waterloo
Act Seventh:
- Scene I. The Field of Waterloo
- Scene II. The Same -- The French Position
- Scene III. Saint Lambert\'s Chapel Hill
- Scene IV. The Field of Waterloo -- The English Position
- Scene V. The Same -- The Women\'s Camp near Mont Saint-Jean
- Scene VI. The Same -- The French Position
- Scene VII. The Same -- The English Position
- Scene VIII. The Same -- Later
- Scene IX. The Wood of Bossu
After Scene. The Overworld `{{col-end}}`{=mediawiki}
## Analysis
The design of *The Dynasts* is extremely ambitious, and because of its coverage of historical events of the same era, has received comparison to Tolstoy\'s *War and Peace*. Emma Clifford has written that Hardy used Tolstoy\'s novel as one of many sources of inspiration for the work, and in fact owned an early translation. However, it was not necessarily as a primary source, as Hardy also drew on the *History of Europe* by Archibald Alison, among others.
Hardy juxtaposes scenes of ordinary life with scenes involving the principal historical figures of the age, and concentrating on their desire to found dynasties to preserve their power. There are extensive descriptions of landscape and battle scenes that are characterised by shifts of visual perspective that, in the opinion of John Wain, anticipate cinematic techniques. George Witter Sherman has postulated on Hardy\'s observations of life in London as influences on elements of *The Dynasts*. Elna Sherman has discussed Hardy\'s references to music and songs in the work. Anna Henchman has written about Hardy\'s use of imagery in the manner of astronomical observation at great distances from the earth in this work. Lawrence Jones has analysed Hardy\'s idiosyncrasies in his manner of narrative in *The Dynasts*. J.O. Bailey has postulated an analogy of the Spirits in *The Dynasts* with other Mephistopheles-like figures in literature, and in relation to the Book of Job.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,371 |
John Teele Pratt
|
**John Teele Pratt** (December 25, 1873 -- June 17, 1927) was an American corporate attorney, philanthropist, music impresario, and financier.
## Early life {#early_life}
Pratt was born in Brooklyn, New York, on December 25, 1873. He was one of six children born to industrialist and Standard Oil co-founder Charles Pratt and Mary Helen (née Richardson) Pratt. His siblings included brothers Frederic Bayley Pratt, George Dupont Pratt, Herbert Lee Pratt, and Harold Irving Pratt. From his father\'s first marriage, he had two half-siblings including Charles Millard Pratt.
After graduating from Amherst College in 1896, he studied at Harvard Law School, graduating in 1900.
## Career
He worked as a lawyer for the prestigious firm of Carter and Ledyard at 54 Wall Street in New York.
Pratt became a director in the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, and a trustee in the Pratt Institute which was founded by his father. He was also a partner in the Stock Exchange firm of Grayson M.P. Murphy & Co. and a director of several banks.
## Personal life {#personal_life}
In 1904, Pratt married Ruth Sears Baker (1877--1965), a Wellesley College graduate and the daughter of Edwin K. Baker, a Massachusetts dry-goods merchant. In 1929, two years after his eventual death in 1927, Ruth became the first woman elected to the United States Congress from the State of New York. Together, they were the parents of five children:
- John Teele Pratt Jr. (1903--1969), who was married to Mary Christy Tiffany (1905--1980), the daughter of George Shepley Tiffany. They divorced and he later married Elizabeth Ogden Woodward (1907--1986), the daughter of William Woodward Sr. and the former wife of Robert Livingston Stevens Jr. After his death, she married Alexander Cochrane Cushing, founder of Squaw Valley Ski Resort.
- Virginia Pratt (1905--1979), who married Robert Helyer Thayer (1901−1984), a U.S. Minister to Romania, in 1926.
- Sally Sears Pratt (1908--1973), who married James Tracy Jackson III (1905--1986) in 1928.
- Phyllis Pratt (1912--1987), who married Paul Henry Nitze (1907--2004), the Secretary of the Navy and Deputy Secretary of Defense under President Lyndon B. Johnson.
- Edwin Howard Baker Pratt (1913--1975), the headmaster of Browne & Nichols school, who married Aileen Kelly.
## Death
Pratt died suddenly in his Broadway office on June 17, 1927, aged 53, of heart disease. Thirty six years earlier, his father, Charles Pratt, had died of heart disease in offices at the same address.
## Legacy
In 1910, Pratt and his wife had a brick neo-Georgian mansion, known as \"The Manor\", designed by architect Charles A. Platt built at their 55-acre Glen Cove estate. In 1913, it was considered by Country Life Magazine to be one of the best twelve country houses in America. The home served as the summer White House for Herbert Hoover. It is now the Glen Cove Mansion Hotel and Conference Center.
The John Teele Pratt residence, at 11 East 61st St. in New York City was purchased by the Pratts, who hired Charles Pierrepont Henry Gilbert to remodel the 1872 home in April 1907. In 1914, Pratt purchased the neighboring homes at 7 and 9 East 61st Street and hired Platt to tear them down and design a new residence.
### Descendants
Through his eldest son John, he was the grandfather of Mary Christy Pratt (1923--1960), who was married to Bayard Cutting Auchincloss (1922--2001), the nephew of U.S. Representative James C. Auchincloss, in 1950. He is also the great-grandfather of actress Suzanna Love (b. 1950).
Through his daughter Phyllis, he was the grandfather of William A. Nitze of Washington, DC, the chairman of Oceana Technologies and Clearpath Technologies, who married Ann Kendall Richards, an independent art dealer.
Through his son Edwin, he was the grandfather of singer-songwriter Andy Pratt (b. 1947).
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,372 |
True Symphonic Rockestra
|
**True Symphonic Rockestra** was a musical collaboration project combining rock music and opera. The concept was to have three world-class singers to perform songs from the Three Tenors repertoire, combining operatic and heavy metal elements.
The project was founded in 2000 by artistic director and producer Dirk Ulrich, Dream Theater vocalist James LaBrie, and tenors Volodymyr Hryshko and Thomas Dewald.
Their album, *Concerto in True Minor*, was recorded in 2006. It was released on March 28, 2008. The release was a cooperation between Brainrox Records (Germany) & Marinsound Records (Russia), with Sony BMG taking care of distribution in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. It contains 21 songs.
## Personnel
### Vocals
- James LaBrie - Rock Tenor
- Volodymyr Hryshko - Opera Tenor
- Thomas Dewald - Opera Tenor
### Musicians
- Dirk Ulrich - Guitar
- Christopher Jesidero - Violin
- Sandro Martinez - Guitar
- Paul Mayland - drums
- Marvin Philippi - Bass
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,409 |
BC Research
|
**BC Research Inc**. is a privately owned Canadian process technology incubator, specializing in custom research, process development and technology commercialization. Headquartered in downtown Vancouver, British Columbia, BC Research operates primarily from their \"Technology Commercialization and Innovation Centre\" on Mitchell Island in the Vancouver suburb of Richmond. This 40,000 sq-ft facility includes a 28,000 sq-ft pilot plant development area (30 ft vertical clearance), 2,500 sq-ft laboratory space, 9,000 sq-ft of office space, as well as a small machine shop and fenced outdoor piloting space. Technologies are scaled up from concept to pilot or demonstration scale in preparation for commercialization. Engineering support is provided by sister companies NORAM Engineering and Constructors Ltd, which specializes in process development and commercialization in six industrial business areas with plant installations in Canada and abroad, as well as NORAM Electrolysis Systems Inc and Axton Inc.
Previously, BC Research was located at the BC Research and Innovation Complex at the south end of the University of British Columbia campus. This facility closed in November 2007. The company specialized in consulting and applied research and development in the area of plant biotechnology and environment, health and safety, process and analysis, transportation and ship dynamics.
The company can be traced back to 1944 as it developed from the non-profit BC Research Council to a private company in 1993, founded by Dr. Hugh Wynne-Edwards, Ph.D, DSc., FRSC, a member of the Order of Canada, who served as the founding Chief Executive Officer and developed the facility into an incubator in the fields of biotechnology, drug discovery and alternative fuel technologies.
In 2000, BC Research was purchased by Immune Network Ltd and was sold to Cromedica (now PRA International) in July 2001 for a consideration of \$8.3 million according to 2001 audited financials published on SEDAR. Its plant biotechnology team was mostly spun off in Silvagen Inc. which specialized in clonal reforestation and which became a part of CellFor. In 1999 Azure Dynamics, a hybrid commercial vehicle systems developer, was formed with some of the transportation team and left the facility in 2004 having gone public in 2001 as Azure Dynamics Corporation. Radient Technologies, specializing in microwave-assisted cannabis extraction, purification and isolation, was also spun off in 2001 as a joint venture with Environment Canada. The remaining laboratory and consulting business functions continued under the name Vizon SciTec until August 2006 when CANTEST Ltd. announced its acquisition from BC Research Inc. which continues as a privately held technology holding company.
Finally in 2010, BC Research Inc. (BCRI), opened again for business in Burnaby, B.C. The Company continued to provide specialized consulting and applied research and development in an expanding number of different technologies and industries, including fluidized beds, storage of energy in batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical cells, corrosion testing and analysis, hydrogen, sulfur, chlorine, nitration, water treatment, and pulp and paper chemistry.
In 2017, [BCRI](https://bcri.ca/) moved to a newly constructed facility on Mitchell Island in Vancouver B.C. to expand their capabilities. BC Research Inc. is now a wholly owned subsidiary of the NORAM group, a private, vertically integrated portfolio of businesses serving process scale-up, engineering, R&D, pilot plants, demonstration plants, modular plants, custom fabrication, and site assistance. Key sectors of focus include: Hydrogen production and hydrogen purification, electrochemical processes including electrolysis and electrodialysis, thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, gasification, reforming, and combustion), water treatment, bioproducts and green chemistry processes, carbon capture and storage, mineral processing, clean fuels and hydrocarbon processing, lithium processing and production of lithium hydroxide, process design, process and equipment modelling, and chemical process engineering.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,416 |
The Impressions (album)
|
***The Impressions*** is the debut album by the American soul music group of the same name. It produced six chart hit singles, including their biggest hit, the *Billboard* top 10 pop smash \"It\'s All Right\", and the top 20 hit \"Gypsy Woman\".
After the departure of original Impressions lead singer Jerry Butler to a successful solo career, the other original members, brothers Arthur and Richard Brooks also left. The remaining original members, Curtis Mayfield, Sam Gooden and Fred Cash, chose not to replace them. Instead, they scaled down to a trio, and went on to become one of America\'s top R&B vocal groups.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
All tracks composed by Curtis Mayfield; except where indicated
1. \"It\'s All Right\" - 2:49
2. \"Gypsy Woman\" - 2:20
3. \"Grow Closer Together\" - 2:12
4. \"Little Young Lover\" - 2:14
5. \"You\'ve Come Home\" - 2:45
6. \"Never Let Me Go\" (Joseph Scott) - 2:30
7. \"Minstrel and Queen (Queen Majesty)\" - 2:22
8. \"I Need Your Love\" (Richard Brooks) - 2:25
9. \"I\'m the One Who Loves You\" - 2:28
10. \"Sad, Sad Girl and Boy\" - 2:40
11. \"As Long as You Love Me\" - 2:27
12. \"Twist and Limbo\" - 2:29
The original pressing of the album did not include \"It\'s Alright\" and instead included \"Can\'t You See\" as track 6. This was also included as the B-side of \"Grow Closer Together\", and received a CD release first on the 1994 Japanese reissue of the album, and internationally on the ABC Rarities compilation in 1999.
## Personnel
The Impressions
- Curtis Mayfield - tenor vocals, guitar
- Fred Cash - tenor vocals
- Sam Gooden - baritone and bass vocals
- Arthur Brooks - tenor vocals
- Richard Brooks - tenor vocals
## Charts
**USA** - Album
Year Chart Peak position
------ ------------ ---------------
1964 Pop Albums 43
**USA** - Singles
Year Song Chart Peak position
------ -------------------------------- ------------- ---------------
1962 \"Gypsy Woman\" Pop Singles 20
\"Grow Closer Together\" Pop Singles 99
\"Little Young Lover\" Pop Singles 96
1963 \"It\'s All Right\" Pop Singles 4
\"I\'m the One Who Loves You\" Pop Singles 73
\"Sad, Sad Girl and Boy\" Pop Singles 84
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,448 |
Kampfar
|
**Kampfar** is a black metal band from Fredrikstad, Norway. According to their singer, Dolk, their name is an ancient Norse battle cry which means Odin or Wotan. The music of Kampfar can be described as black metal inspired by Norwegian folklore and nature. The band is currently signed to Indie Recordings.
## History
Kampfar was formed by Dolk in 1994 when he left his former band, Mock, and was joined by Thomas. Two years later the duo released their first self-titled EP. This was followed by the release of the band\'s first full-length album *Mellom skogkledde aaser* in 1997. The band released their second album *Fra underverdenen* in 1999; the album is significant for featuring the song \"Norse\", which was the band\'s first song written in English, as opposed to their other songs which were written in the Norwegian language. The song was also featured on the band\'s second EP *Norse*, released in 1998. The sound on *Fra Underverdenen* moved away from some of the folk aspects that were featured on band\'s past releases and concentrated more on Thomas\' fondness for classical music. Following the release of *Fra Underverdenen*, Kampfar was put on hold. The band became active again during 2003, when they were joined by the bass player Jon Bakker and drummer and vocalist Ask. Despite the creation of new lineup, the band did not perform live until 2004. The band made their first appearance at the Moshfest festival in Halden, not far from their hometown Fredrikstad. Their 2006 album *Kvass* was recorded between November 2005 and January 2006 with producer Rune Jørgensen in Silvertone Studio in Gamle Fredrikstad. The band used the same studio and producer again for *Heimgang* in 2008.
In 2010 Kampfar went to the famous Abyss Studio in Sweden to record their next album *Mare* with producer Peter Tägtgren. Long serving guitarist Thomas quit the band even before the album was released and was replaced by Ole (Mistur, Emancer) for the upcoming live shows. Ole later joined the band permanently and Kampfar went on to tour Norway, North America and Europe twice to support the album.
In 2013 the band went back to Abyss Studio to record their sixth studio album *Djevelmakt*, this time working with Jonas Kjellgren as producer and Peter Tägtgren doing the mixing. *Djevelmakt* was released worldwide 27 January 2014.
A little more than a year later, on 13 November 2015, the band released their seventh full-length album *Profan*. The album was given Norway\'s 2015 Spellemann Award for best metal album of the year.
On 3 May 2019, Kampfar released their eighth album, *Ofidians Manifest*. This album was nominated for the 2019 Spellemann Award in the metal category.
## Discography
**Studio albums**
- *Mellom skogkledde aaser* (Malicious Records 1997, re-release Napalm Records 2006)
- *Fra underverdenen* (Hammerheart Records 1999, re-release Napalm Records 2006)
- *Kvass* (Napalm Records 2006)
- *Heimgang* (Napalm Records 2008)
- *Mare* (Napalm Records 2011)
- *Djevelmakt* (Indie Recordings 2014)
- *Profan* (Indie Recordings 2015)
- *Ofidians Manifest* (2019)
- *Til klovers takt* (2022)
**Singles and EPs**
- *Promo* (demo, 1995)
- *Kampfar* (EP, 1996)
- *Norse* (EP, 1998)
- *Mylder* (single, 2013)
- *Swarm Norvegicus* (single, 2014)
- *Icons* (single, 2015)
- *Tornekratt* (single, 2016)
- *Ophidian* (single, 2019)
- *Syndefall* (single, 2019)
- *Lausdans Under Stjernene* (single, 2022)
- *Urkraft* (single, 2022)
## Members
### Current members {#current_members}
- Dolk (Per Joar Spydevold) --- vocals (1994--present), drums (1994--2003)
- Ask (Ask Ty Ulvhedin Bergli Arctander) --- vocals, drums (2003--present)
- Ole (Ole Hartvigsen) --- guitar (2011--present)
- Ese (Stig Ese Eliassen) --- bass (2024--)
### Former members {#former_members}
- Jon (Jon Bakker) --- bass (2004--2024)
- Thomas (Thomas Andreassen) --- guitar (1994--2010), bass (1994--2003)
**Timeline** {{#tag:timeline\| ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:18 PlotArea = left:180 bottom:80 top:0 right:10 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1994 till:{{#time:m/d/Y}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy
Colors =
` id:vocals value:red legend:Lead_Vocals`\
` id:guitar value:green legend:Guitar`\
` id:bass value:blue legend:Bass`\
` id:drums value:orange legend:Drums`\
` id:studio value:black legend:Studio_Album`\
` id:other value:gray(0.6) legend:Demo,_EP`\
` id:bars value:gray(0.95)`
BackgroundColors = bars:bars Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4 ScaleMajor = increment:2 start:1994
LineData =
`layer:back`\
`color:studio`\
`at:07/22/1997`\
`at:06/16/1999`\
`at:05/05/2006`\
`at:09/26/2008`\
`at:03/25/2011`\
`at:01/27/2014`\
`at:11/13/2015`\
`at:05/03/2019`\
`at:11/11/2022`
LineData =
`layer:back`\
`color:other`\
`at:06/01/1995`\
`at:02/01/1996`\
`at:07/01/1998`
BarData =
`bar:Per text:"Per Joar Spydevold"`\
`bar:Thomas text:"Thomas Andreassen"`\
`bar:Ole text:"Ole Hartvigsen"`\
`bar:Jon text:"Jon Bakker"`\
`bar:Ese text:"Stig Ese Eliassen"`\
`bar:Ask text:"Ask Ty Ulvhedin Bergli Arctander"`
PlotData=
`width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)`\
`bar:Per from:01/01/1994 till:end color:vocals`\
`bar:Per from:01/01/1994 till:06/01/2003 color:drums width:3`\
`bar:Thomas from:01/01/1994 till:06/01/2010 color:guitar`\
`bar:Thomas from:01/01/1994 till:06/01/2003 color:bass width:3`\
`bar:Ole from:06/01/2010 till:end color:guitar`\
`bar:Jon from:06/01/2003 till:08/25/2024 color:bass`\
`bar:Ese from:08/25/2024 till:end color:bass`\
`bar:Ask from:06/01/2003 till:end color:drums`\
`bar:Ask from:06/01/2003 till:end color:vocals width:3`\
`}}`
## Equipment
- ESP Guitars & Basses
- EMG Pickups
- ENGL Powerball
- Blackstar Unity
- Rotosound strings (Drop D tuning)
- Shure GLX-D Wireless
- Paiste Cymbals
- Richter straps
- Darkglass effects
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,453 |
Marc Seales
|
**Marc Seales** is an American jazz pianist associated with post-bop. He was a student at Western Washington University, serving his senior year from 1977 to 1978.
## Background
As a Professor of Jazz Piano at the University of Washington in Seattle, Seales has worked with Benny Carter, Howard Roberts, Bobby Hutcherson and Art Pepper. His groups include New Stories and the Marc Seales Quartet. Seales won the Earshot Jazz Golden Ear Award for Best Instrumentalist in 1999. His biggest musical influences are the trumpeter Floyd Standifer, and saxophonist Don Lanphere, who were also from Seattle.
An excerpt of his song \'Highway Blues\' was included by default in Windows XP, along with Beethoven\'s 9th Symphony and David Byrne\'s \"Like Humans Do\". New Stories had a reunion tour in 2019.
Seales has won numerous Earshot awards, such as Instrumentalist of the Year in 1999 and Acoustic Jazz Group in 2000 and 2001, and was inducted into the Jazz Hall of Fame in 2009.
## Discography
### With New Stories {#with_new_stories}
- *Circled By Hounds* (self-released, 1995)
- *Get Happy* (Origin, 1996) -- with Don Lanphere, Pete Christlieb
- *Remember Why* (Origin, 1997)
- *Speakin\' Out* (Origin, 1999) -- special guest: Ernie Watts
- *Home At Last* (Origin, 2001) -- with Don Lanphere
- *Still Life* (Origin, 2001) -- with Lynn Bush
- *Where Do You Start* (Origin, 2002) -- with Don Lanphere
- *Art Of The Groove* (Origin, 2003) -- with Brent Jensen, Rob Walker
- *Hope Is In The Air: The Music Of Elmo Hope* (Origin, 2004)
### With Franklin, Seales, Clover {#with_franklin_seales_clover}
- *Two Worlds* (A Records/Challenge, 1998)
- *Three Worlds* (Beezwax, 2000)
- *Ears Wide Open* (Beezwax, 2001)
- *Colemanology* (Beezwax, 2004)
- *Summer Serenade* (Beezwax, 2005)
### Marc Seales / Marc Seales Band {#marc_seales_marc_seales_band}
- *A Time, A Place, A Journey* \[live\] (Origin, 2004)
- *The Paris Suite* (self-released, 2008)
- *American Songs, Volume 1* (self-released, 2010)
- *American Songs, Volume 2: Blues\...And Jazz* (Origin, 2012 \[rel. 2014\])
- *American Songs, Volume 3: Place & Time* (Origin, 2012 \[rel. 2015\])
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,479 |
Leeuwenhosen
|
**Leeuwenhosen** (`{{IPA|nl|ˈleːu.ə(n)ˌɦoːzə(n)}}`{=mediawiki}; singular *leeuwenhose*) are orange-colored, lion-tailed overalls distributed by the Bavaria Brewery, a popular Dutch beer brewery, during the 2006 FIFA World Cup. The concept was realized by Peer Swinkels, the chairman of Bavaria. The leeuwenhosen refers to the lion as the Dutch national symbol, as is the 2006 FIFA World Cup mascot Goleo VI. The word \"leeuwenhosen\" is a mix of the Dutch word for \"lions\" and the German word for \"trousers\", in the same style as the German article of clothing called lederhosen.
## 2006 controversy
During the 2006 FIFA World Cup Bavaria distributed orange Leeuwenhosen (orange being the Dutch national colour, representing the royal House of Orange) with their company logo in cases of beer in the Netherlands in support of the Netherlands national football team. The problem with this was that Bavaria was not an official sponsor of the World Cup; Budweiser was the official beer sponsor. During the 16 June 2006 match between the Netherlands and the Ivory Coast team, spectators wearing Bavaria-branded Leeuwenhosen were ordered to disrobe by officials in Stuttgart, and many of these Dutch supporters watched the game in their underwear. FIFA reportedly anticipated this act of \"ambush marketing\" and instructed officials to distribute orange shorts to fans who required them after removing the Leeuwenhosen.
The Leeuwenhosen are no longer distributed by Bavaria, and they are now regarded as a collector\'s item by fans of the 2006 World Cup and breweriana collectors.
## 2010 controversy {#controversy_1}
Bavaria again distributed orange memorabilia in the Netherlands before the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, as is customary of breweries in the Netherlands. Unbranded orange minidresses were one of the promotional items, but FIFA officials again felt that this was an attempt at ambush marketing by Bavaria, who was not the official beer sponsor (Budweiser was again the official sponsor). Following the Netherlands-Denmark match in Johannesburg, FIFA forcibly removed 36 female fans because they wore the dresses and detained and questioned the three Dutch nationals for three hours (the other 33 were South African). Bavaria Chairman Peter Swinkels said of the incident, \"There is not even a logo on those dresses, so what are we doing wrong? Since when is there a dress code at games?\" Lawyers for FIFA investigated the incident, and found that many of the tickets were distributed to the British television network ITV. The tickets were sold to Bavaria by ITV pundit Robbie Earle, who was sacked by the network for the incident.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,484 |
WTLE-LP
|
**WTLE-LP** (channel 18) was a low-power television station in Fort Myers, Florida, United States, which was last affiliated with the Spanish-language network Telefutura (now UniMás). Owned by Silver Point Capital, the station has, in the past, carried programming from Pax TV; it has also been a repeater for sister Univision affiliate WUVF-LP (channel 2).
## History
WTLE has previously been owned by Paxson Communications, Tiger Eye Broadcasting, and Equity Media Holdings.
On April 4, 2008, Equity announced the sale of all five of its Southwest Florida stations (including WTLE) to Luken Communications, LLC for \$8 million. Equity has cited corporate financial losses as a reason for the sale.
Equity Media Holdings has been in Chapter 11 bankruptcy since December 2008 and offers by Luken Communications to acquire Equity-owned stations in six markets have since been withdrawn.
Silver Point Capital acquired WTLE at auction on April 16, 2009. The sale closed on August 17, 2009.
Three days before the completion of the sale to Silver Point, WTLE was taken silent. On March 10, 2011, its license was canceled by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and its call sign was deleted from the FCC\'s database.
After WTLE\'s sign-off, the Fort Myers market could only receive Telefutura/UniMás programming via the network\'s national feed on cable and satellite until 2014, when WUVF-LD signed on a second digital subchannel affiliated with the network.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,485 |
John White Moore
|
**John White Moore** (May 21, 1832 -- March 31, 1913) was a rear admiral of the United States Navy.
## Biography
Born at Plattsburgh, New York on May 21, 1832, he was appointed third assistant engineer in the Navy in 1853 and was promoted to chief engineer in 1861. During the Civil War he took part in the engagements with the ram `{{Ship|CSS|Manassas}}`{=mediawiki} and in the capture of the defenses of Pensacola in 1861; in the passage and capture of Forts Jackson and St. Philip, the capture of New Orleans, the passage of the Vicksburg batteries, and the fight with the ram `{{Ship|CSS|Arkansas}}`{=mediawiki} in 1862; and in the capture of Port Hudson in 1863.
Moore originated the use of chain cables to protect the sides of wooden ships, of a paint designed to render the fighting ships less easily visible, and of the fighting tops found on the masts of many large war vessels.
He retired in 1894 with the rank of commodore, but during the Spanish--American War he served as an inspector in the New York Navy Yard. For his services in the Civil War he was raised to the rank of rear admiral in 1906.
In 1894, he purchased land in Bolton Landing, New York and built a summer home on Lake George. The buildings and property are now owned by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and used by the Darrin Freshwater Institute.
John White Moore died at his home in Ridgewood, New Jersey, on March 31, 1913.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,488 |
Suining County, Jiangsu
|
**Suining County** (`{{zh|t=睢寧縣 |s=睢宁县 |p=Suīníng Xiàn |w=Sui-ning}}`{=mediawiki}) is under the administration of Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China; it is the southernmost county-level division of Xuzhou and borders the prefecture-level cities of Suqian to the east and Suzhou of Anhui to the south and west.
## History
Suining basically was a part of former Suiling (*睢陵*) county by the Han. The seat of the Suiling was relocated to present-day Suining during the Three Kingdoms, and Suiling was merged into Suqian later. In 1218, it became a separate county seated at the old walled city of Suqian, and named \"Suining\" (literally: Bring peace to the Sui basin). The county was defunct in early Yuan, but restored in 1275. It was under Pizhou of Huai\'an until Pizhou became a part of Xuzhou in 1733.
The ancient city Xiapi, where Pizhou used to seated is located in Gupi (*古邳*) Town.
## Administration
Suining County is divided into 3 subdistricts and 15 towns.
3 subdistricts
- Suicheng (*睢城街道*)
- Jincheng (*金城街道*)
- Suihe (*睢河街道*)-is upgraded from town.
15 towns
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| - Wangji (*王集镇*) | - Lingcheng (*凌城镇*) |
| - Shuanggou (*双沟镇*) | - Qiuji (*邱集镇*) |
| - Lanshan (*岚山镇*) | - Gupi (*古邳镇*) |
| - Liji (*李集镇*) | - Yaoji (*姚集镇*) |
| - Taoyuan (*桃园镇*) | - Weiji (*魏集镇*) |
| - Guanshan (*官山镇*) | - Liangji (*梁集镇*) |
| - Gaozuo (*高作镇*) | - Qing\'an (*庆安镇*) |
| - Shaji (*沙集镇*) | |
+--------------------------+--------------------------+
## Climate
## Education
- Suining Senior High School
- Wenhua Middle School
- Ninghai Middle School
- Jinghua Middle School
- Shuren Middle School
- Liji Middle School
## Transport
Xuzhou Guanyin Airport is located in Shuanggou Town.
The town is served by two railway stations both located on the Xuzhou--Yancheng high-speed railway: Guanyin Airport and Suining.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
7,127,489 |
Riffle-pool sequence
|
In a flowing stream, a **riffle-pool sequence** (also known as a pool-riffle sequence) develops as a stream\'s hydrological flow structure alternates from areas of relatively shallow to deeper water. This sequence is present only in streams carrying gravel or coarser sediments. Riffles are formed in shallow areas by coarser materials, such as gravel deposits, over which water flows. Pools are deeper, calmer areas whose bed load (in general) is made up of finer material such as silt. Streams with only sand or silt laden beds do not develop the feature. The sequence within a stream bed commonly occurs at intervals of from 5 to 7 stream widths. Meandering streams with relatively coarse bed load tend to develop a riffle-pool sequence with pools in the outsides of the bends and riffles in the *crossovers* between one meander to the next on the opposite margin of the stream. The pools are areas of active erosion and the material eroded tends to be deposited in the riffle areas between them.
| 2025-06-20T00:00:00 |
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