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Vasil Penchev. Gravity as Entanglement, and Entanglement as Gravity
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Vasil Penchev. Gravity as Entanglement, and Entanglement as Gravity. Васил Пенчев. figshare.
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.94301
Retrieved 08:01, May 18, 2013 (GMT)
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Describes the connection between gravity and entanglement
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An unofficial blog that watches Google's attempts to move your operating system online.
Send your tips to gostips@gmail.com.
September 4, 2009
A Simple Design for Google Video
Even though you can no longer upload videos to Google Video, the service hasn't been abandoned and it's still actively developed. The focus has been switched to video search and Google Video powers YouTube Search.
I still think that disabling the uploads to Google Video was a mistake: probably the most useful videos hosted by Google Video are longer than 10 minutes and couldn't be uploaded to YouTube. You can't upload Charlie Chaplin's "The Kid" to YouTube without splitting it.
To make the transition to YouTube easier, Google redesigned Google Video, removed some features that were rarely used and made the video player smaller.
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THE TRANSFORMATION OF WAVES IN SHALLOW WATER
Martin A. Mason
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to summarize existing knowledge of the processes involved in the movement of progressive oscillatory waves through shallow water and the fundamental principles controlling these processes. Variations in wave characteristics and their physical significance will be discussed as well as agreement between theory and observation. The application of available knowledge to engineering problems is treated in the following chapters.
Keywords
linear wave theory, shoaling, refraction, breaking
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
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[hafqa] [hafqa] [Bug 3756] Update GTK to 2.12 (was: GTK is missing gtk.CellLayout.get_cells)
From: bugzilla-daemon at maemo.org bugzilla-daemon at maemo.org
Date: Mon Oct 6 09:05:36 EEST 2008
https://bugs.maemo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3756
quim.gil at nokia.com changed:
What |Removed |Added
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--
Configure bugmail: https://bugs.maemo.org/userprefs.cgi?tab=email
Replies to this email are NOT read, instead please add comments at
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Quotation added by staff
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The idol is the measure of the worshipper. Lowell, James Russell
This quote is about idols · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Lowell, James Russell ...
James Russell Lowell (February 22, 1819 - August 12, 1891) was an American Romantic poet, critic, editor, and diplomat. He is associated with the Fireside Poets, a group of New England writers who were among the first American poets who rivaled the popularity of British poets. These poets usually used conventional forms and meters in their poetry, making them suitable for families entertaining at their fireside.
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Peace is the happy natural state of man; war is corruption and disgrace. Thomson, James
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
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After your death you will be what you were before your birth. Schopenhauer, Arthur
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212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
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If you don't want to deal with the devil, don't go in his shop. Keep on the Lord's side of the fence. Unknown, Source
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Older blog entries for matthewstein (starting at number 1)
Thanks to the article on this site, the PumaPaint has seen a manyfold increase in activity lately. One readily apparent problem is that only one user can be painting at a time, so this site can be swamped easily.
Any number of users can watch the action by starting up the camera applet, but it only accepts one connection at a time. I have a student working on improving traffic management. Right now it is very poor, you can connect and the interface will say you are connected, but you are not really in control. What is happening is that your commands are being queued in the socket, and this is a pretty stupid feature.
I have put the PumaPaint project back on line after a two- year absence while I moved it to Roger Williams University. This is a fairly well known online robot that allows users to paint pictures using a PUMA robot. Anyone interested can get their painting in the mail free of charge. To try it, go to: http://pumapaint.rwu.edu
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Posts: 107 | Thanked: 28 times | Joined on Jun 2010
#1
Any driver can be installed for N900 to support USB game pad ? Thanks.
Posts: 1,360 | Thanked: 1,103 times | Joined on Mar 2010
#2
No USB host available. It's in the works to get a software bug to bypass some restrictions and activate it.
What you need to worry about is the drivers for your/intended game pad.
Is there a Linux driver/CD by the OEM etc?
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Help Wikitravel grow by contributing to an article! Learn how.
Altai Tavan Bogd National Park
From Wikitravel
Asia : East Asia : Mongolia : Western Mongolia : Altai Tavan Bogd National Park
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Altai Tavan Bogd National Park is located on the Western most point of Mongolia in Bayan-Ulgii Province. This vast mountainous park borders China and Russia with views of Kazakhstan from the highest peak in Mongolia.
Contents
[edit] Understand
The snow-capped Kuiten Uul mountain,4374 m (14,201 ft), is the highest of the five peaks of Tavan Bogd Mountains (literally '5 Saints') that gives the park its name. It covers an area of 630,000 hectarce and is home to three large freshwater lakes and 34 glaciers, plus several waterfalls. The largest, Pontuninii Glacier, covers 23 sq km. Tavan Bogd Mountains are considered sacred to local Kazakhs, Tuvans, and Mongolians. The park stretches from Russia along the Chinese border, following the Altai Mountain Range that divides China, Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan, for over 200 km. Ancient tribes have left many artifacts, using the region for religious ceremonies. Today, tens of thousands of petroglyphs in the park are part of a World Heritage Site. In addition there are numerous Turkic Stone Men and stone burial mounds. Official Tourism Website.
The busy season is from June to October when temperatures are warmer, snow has melted, and tour camps and shuttles are operating. The busiest time is August and September when the weather is best for mountain climbing. Also around the eagle festivals when tourist add a trip to the countryside. Though the park is still accessible year round with activities like snow skiing and eagle hunting during the cold winter months.
[edit] History
The Altai Mountains have been inhabited for around 12,000 years. The oldest images in the park are from 11,000 to 6,000 BC with hunting large mammals and ancient cultures. Thousands of years of petroglyphs show the transition from hunter-gatherer to pastoralism and later to the current semi-nomadic that developed over the last 3,000 to 4,000 years. Around 4,000 years ago, the use of horses and domestication of animals led to the rise of the Blue Turks (whose language is the root of Kazakh and Turkish). These successful warriors left upright carved stone statues known as Turkic Stone Men spread over the Altai Mountains.
Later in 700 BC, a group of horse-riding warrior nomads known as the Scythians starting from the Altai Mountains to conquer a region stretching to the Black Sea. They faded after being defeated by Alexander the Great in modern day Turkmenistan in 329BC, but not before leaving many stone burial mounds in the Altai. These mounds, or Khirigsuur, were designed to preserve bodies in frozen ground with horses, weapons, armor, and food for the afterlife. On such mound was discovered to contain a Scythian warrior in full battle regalia in a 2005 research expedition. In 100 AD, the Huns migrated through the region from the steppes of Mongolia to wreck havoc on Europe around 400 AD. Around this same time, Reindeer herding tribes from Siberia, called Tuvans, began expanding south into the mountains.
The mountains and much of the surrounding region including the early Silk Road to the south fell under control of Turkic-Uighur Khannate (kingdom) after 600 AD until Genghis Khan conquered it along with most of Asia from 1260. The Uighurs and Turks were incorporated into the army of the Khan. After Genghis death, the empire was divided between his sons, with the Altai forming the border between the Golden Horde (Russia), Chagatai Khan (Central Asia), and Yuan Dynasty (China). The region changed hands several times due to infighting and dividing territories the Mongol Empire declined. The region fell under control of the Yuan Dynasty until they declined in 1370. The region was then ruled by independent Oirat Mongol tribes until conquered by the Qing Dynasty in 18th Century.
Between 1840s and 1940s, many Kazakhs moved into the Altai mountains to escape persecution and domination by Russians and later Soviets and Chinese Communists. Mongolia became satellite state of Russia after a long bloody civil war from 1911 to 1924. For the next 70 years, Tavan Bogd was an isolated border zone closed to all but a few ignored Kazakh herders and army patrols.
[edit] Landscape
Altai Tavan Bogd has some of the most stunning scenery in all of Mongolia with towering white mountains, glaciers, deep lush valleys, and large lakes. The park is divided into 2 regions, the Tavan Bogd Mountains in the northwest and the Lakes Region to the southeast. The park stretches along the Chinese border from the Russian border to 200 km south following the Altai Mountains, which form the borders of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia. Glacial melt and annual snow fall supplies 3 large lakes inside the park that form the head waters of the Hovd River.
Tavan Bogd Mountains are the highest mountains in Mongolia, with Khuiten Uul ('Cold Peak') at 4374 m (14,201 ft) being the highest. These permanently snow capped mountains form a bowl around the Pontuninii Glacier, which covers 23 square km. The other peaks are Nairamdal ('Friendship', 4180 m), Malchin ('herder', 4050 m), Bürged ('Eagle', 4068 m) and Olgii ('Craddle', 4050 m). From the peak of Kuiten Uul, it is possible to see Kazakhstan 30 km away on a clear day. Khuiten Uul was renamed Ikh Mongol ('Great Mongol') by President Enkhbayar when he climbed it in 2006, though this is widely ignored and possibly reversed by the new government. There is still a monument at the base commemorating the accomplishment.
Lakes Region is a beautiful area surrounding 3 large fresh water lakes. Khurgan Nuur and Khoten Nuur are attached by a small channel with a many small creeks flowing into the lakes from surrounding mountains. Two of these creeks form waterfalls of 7 to 10 m in height. A small bridge crosses the channel. These lakes are full of fish and many species of bird. Dayan Nuur is a smaller lake 20 km south of the 2 larger lakes.
[edit] Flora and fauna
There are many endangered species inside the park including argali sheep, Beech marten, ibex, grey wolves, red deer, black vulture, elk, snow leopards, Altai snowcock, golden eagles, and many others.
[edit] Culture
The people living inside the park are one of the main draws. Kazakhs and Tuvan nomadic herders live inside the park and visiting them is part of most tours. The Kazakhs are the most numerous and the ones that do eagle hunting. They are known for their colorful large ger with rich embroidered wall hangings and their warm hospitality. Tuvans occupy the Tsagaan Gol valley and have different clothes, food, and language than Mongols. Tuvan men sing deep eerie long-songs using throat-singing, though very few Tuvans in this isolated pocket have mastered the art. Kazakhs live around the lake, as well as Tsagaan Salaa and Takhiltyn Havtsal (and most of the rest of the park). Those living inside the park have retained their traditional culture to a greater degree than probably any Kazakh in Central Asia. They have preserved their arts and music, and have practiced the ancient sport of eagle hunting continuously throughout the Soviet era when it was suppressed elsewhere. Many inside the park have never lived anywhere else and can't even speak Mongolian, the national language.
[edit] Climate
There is usually snow until end of May. It starts snowing again in October, though it can drop below freezing at night even in August.
Rainy season is from mid of july to Mid of August. Average temperature in Summer: Day: 16-25°C, Night: 7-13°C
[edit] Get in
Altai Tavan Bogd is 180 km from the provincial capital of Ölgii. You will have to start in the city unless you are going with a tour operator that gets the permits in advance. It will take 7 hour with stops (5 hours non-stop) due to the rough , non-existent roads, high mountain passes, and lack of bridges, though a very scenic drive. Most visitors to the park go as part of a tour group or with a guide, though plenty go without one.
[edit] By Car
You can hire a Russian jeep or microbus and driver to reach the park from Ölgii, where the National Park Headquarters is located. Usually drivers gather at the Bazaar to find customers, just look for a jeep with "Tourist" posted on the window. Tour guides, hotels, and the Visitor Center can help you with arranging a ride, and get cheaper rates and better drivers (some drivers will drink vodka on the trip).
[edit] By Shuttle
Two tour companies offer shuttle services to either the Tavan Bogd North Ranger Station, which is 20 km from the Tavan Bogd Mountains Base Camp, or the Syrgil Rangers Station between the 2 lakes. These are offered during the busy season from June to October.
• Blue Wolf Travel [1] provides transfers to the Tavan Bogd on Wednesdays and Sundays and from the park on Mondays and Fridays. The shuttle to Tsambagarav is on Wednesday and Saturday and from the park on Wednesday and Sunday.
• Kazakh Tour [2] has shuttles to the both sides of the park each Sunday, the Tavan Bogd Mountains Ranger Station and the bridge between Khoton and Khurgan Lakes (hiking or horse ride between these two places is a popular trek). The van is $214 divided by each passenger (up to 8). Shuttle begins on June 22nd.
[edit] By Foot
It is possible to hike, ride a horse, or mountain bike to the park from Ölgii or a nearby village. There are few restrictions when traveling across Mongolia, except for river crossings. If going from Ölgii, make sure to pack plenty of food, as village shops will have limited selection. Also make sure to consult with tour guides about which routes are best, and issue you may face, especially about river crossings and mountain passes. You can rent horses in Ölgii, and possibly in the villages with the help of a guide. Mountain bikes are available in the city as part of tour packages.
[edit] Fees/Permits
There are two permits required to enter the park, a park permit and a border permit. The Park Permit is available at the Visitor Information Center in Ölgii or at one of the Park Ranger Stations near Tavan Bogd Mountains and on the Hovd River south of Tsengel (on the way to the lakes). Each person should have one, which is 3000T for foreigners and 1500T for Mongolians. All visitors must go to a Ranger Station upon entering the park. There are 2 near Tavan Bogd in each of the 2 valleys approaching the mountain, plus an additional one in Syrgil between the lakes (after the Hovd River Ranger Station).
The Border Permits are required for going within 100 km of an international border of Mongolia. Permits for the Chinese border zone are available at the Border Patrol Office in Ölgii (near the river, 1 km west of the bridge). Permits for the Russian border are only available in Tsaagannuur village, near the Russian border crossing and 70 km north of Ölgii. The Russian border permit is required if going north of Pontuninii Glacier and to Khuiten Uul Mountain. It may also be required if rivers near Tsengel are too high to cross and require taking a northern route to the mountains. The Russian permit is not required if you enter the park near the lakes. It will be best to take a local along when going to the border patrol, as they don't always like talking to people they can't understand (ie don't speak Mongolian or Russian). Permits are 3000T per group. If you plan to enter with one group and then separate in the park, get multiple permits. Anyone without a border permit with be driven back to Ölgii by the army at their expense plus a large fine.
Fishing Permits are available from June 15 to April 15. They are available at the Nature Protection Office next to Khaan Bank (XAAH БAHK) on the square in Ölgii, or the village government in Tsengel. Permits are 3500T and good for the entire trip. However, you may not need a permit if fly fishing and keeping only enough for a meal (though you should consult a guide for appropriate limits).
[edit][add listing] See
Spectacular scenery, countless archeological sites, and nomadic families sharing the same space means that there is much to see in all areas of the park. From the Tavan Bogd Mountains, that give the park its name, to the large glacial lakes to the south, each area of the park has a unique appeal including 3 areas comprising a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Throughout the park are foxes, wolves, eagles, falcons, and more common animals. The more endangered animals are found only in small pockets of the park.
Tavan Bogd Mountains present a stunning view, with a 2,000 m masiff and snow covered peaks. Below the peak is the 23 square km Potuniin Glacier and many more smaller glaciers and peaks. The Tavan Bogd Base Camp at the base of Potuniin Glacier is occupied most of the summer with tourists and guides. Not many people live in close vicinity of the mountains, though they do live in the valleys leading to the mountains such as Tsagaan Gol. Near the ranger stations in nearby Tsagaan Gol and Tsagaan Salaa will be local families with horses to rent.
Lakes Region of twin lakes of Khoton Nuur and Khurgan Nuur and nearby Dayan Nuur has most of the people and archeology of the park, as well as the greenest scenery. Kazakh nomads live on the shores of the lakes during the summer. Many of these families hunt with eagles during the winter, and enjoy showing off their eagles to friends and tourists during the summer. Plenty of evidence of past civilizations can also be seen near the lakes with Turkic Stone Men, petroglyphs, and large stone burial mounds called khirigsuur. To the south of the lakes is forests with bears and red deer. Southwest of the lakes, two of the streams have waterfalls of 7 to 10 m in height. Khoton Nuur and Khurgan Nuur are connected by a narrow channel crossed by a bridge. At this crossing is a ranger station, border patrol base, a small shop and a few homes. Some of the families here rent horses for trekking and provide room and board to tourists.
Takhiltyn Havtsal, flows from the main mountain passes south of Tavan Bogd Mountains into Khoton Nuur and then Kurgan Nuur and the Hovd River. This forested valley has an abundance of wildlife and various monuments. The part nearest the lakes is referred to as Aral Tolgoi or Island Hill in the UNESCO World Heritage Site documents and has petroglyphs, standing stones, and stone burial mounds. On Dongoroh Mountain and other mountains surrounding the valley are endangered Argali sheep and Ibex. A wide green valley to the south going has the Ak Suu hot springs (or more correctly 'warm' springs). The mountain range to the south and west of this valley is the border with China.
Tsagaan Gol, or White River, is the main valley flowing from the Tavan Bogd Mountains to Tsengel village and the center section of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Depending on water levels, this may be the valley you take to get to Tavan Bogd. There is a ranger station in the valley after you pass the Shveet Khairkhan Mountain, which is a popular and relatively place to climb at 3320 m. It overlooks the valley below with its large mass of petroglyphs, Turkic stone men, and khirigsuur. The inhabitants of the valley are Tuvan, a Mongol tribe renowned for their throat singing and unique arts.
Tsagaan Salaa, or White Valley is also called Baga Oigor, lies at the northern edge of the park close to the Russian border and is the largest concentration of petroglyphs, stone men, and burial mounds in all of Central Asia. There are over 10,000 petroglyphs in just 15 km stretch of the valley. Kazakh families live in this valley.
[edit][add listing] Do
There are plenty of reasons why Tavan Bogd is the most visited National Park in western Mongolia (and because it is easy to get to is not one of them). The park has many different activities that allow for an exciting and varied travel experience. Most people trek between the lakes and the mountains, climb the shortest of the 5 Saints, and visit local nomadic Kazakh and Tuvan families. More adventurous tourists will climb the highest of the mountains, raft down the river, and skiing down the mountains.
[edit] Cultural Experiences
Visiting nomadic families inside the part is an obligatory part of any visit to the park and is possible both summer and winter. Even if you have visited families elsewhere in Mongolia, it is worth seeing Kazakh and Tuvan families. You can stop by for milky tea or a meal while on a trek, or stay the night. Some of the Kazakhs are eagle hunters, and you can ask to hold the eagles or watch their training during the summer months. Or you can watch the daily routine of a real nomad of herding animals, milking goats and horses, gathering dung, cooking, and cleaning. Depending on time of year, you get to see them move camp (which takes a day to break, move, and set up camp). The generous hospitality of locals has long been a draw to the park, though you should be prepared to give gifts of money or household goods. They are hosting tourists throughout the summer so they can't be too generous. Both Kazakhs and Tuvans speak different languages, that most Mongol tour guides don't understand.
[edit] Summer Activities
• Trekking is both an enjoyable way to experience the beauty of the Altai mountains and a necessary way to get from one side of the park to the other. Most people hike or ride horses, though camels and mountain bikes are sometimes used. The river valley between the 2 sides of the park is a World Heritage Site and has over 10,000 petroglyphs. While the south side of the lake has several Turkic Stone men and waterfalls to see. Horses and camels can be rented through either the tour companies or a local family. Rates per day are 15,000T for a horse and 20,000T for a camel, plus 15,000T for a caretaker for each group. Mountain bikes are only available locally as part of a tour (offered by Altai Expeditions).
• Fishing inside the park is great with 5 species of fish, some only found in the Western Mongolian Basin, a captive water system that flows into the saltwater Uvs Lake. The lakes and rivers contain Taimen, Lenok Trout, Osman, Grayling, and Pike. Fly fishing during the summer is a attracts sportsmen from all over the world during the summer, while ice fishing is popular among locals during the winter. Fishing inside the park is permited from June 15 to April 15. The Taimen or "River Wolf" is the most prized of the fish, being a large, aggressive salmonoid weighing up to 30 kgs (66 lbs), over a meter long. There is a legend in Mongolia of a large Taimen crawling onto land and eating livestock and people. Lenok Trout is a smaller fish living in cold running water that weighs up to 15 kg (33 lbs) and is the favorite catch of locals. Though they are hard to catch in late summer when they migrate to lake bottoms. Osman is a carp only found in the Uvs Lake drainage area, weighs up to 10 kg. The Arctic Graylings are common to Siberia, while Pike are found all over east Asia. You can rent high quality fly fishing gear from any of the tour companies that all offer fishing tours. Or if you are feeling adventurous, try ice fishing. It is possible to catch over 100 Lenok Trout in a day during the winter.
• Rafting is provided by several of the local tour guides, many with professional river guides on staff. The Hovd River inside the park is rated expert with many large rapids. Once outside of the park, the river is calmer, and you can raft all the way back to Ölgii. The Hovd River is dependent on snow and glacier melt. Water levels are highest in May and June once the ice clears. Typically rafting is offered as part of a larger tour with trekking and mountain climbing. While on the river, a van will follow near the river to prepare camp each night.
• Mountain Climbing is among the biggest draws to the park. The highest peaks of Tavan Bogd attract expert climbers, though lower peaks can be hiked by novices without special equipment. Khuiten Uul ('Cold Peak') at 4374 m (14,201 ft), Nairamdal Uul ('Friendship Peak') at 4,180 m ( 13,714 ft), and Bürged Uul ('Eagle Peak') at 4068m (13,207 ft) all require ice axes, crampons, and ropes. While Malchin Uul 4050 m (13,150 ft) can be hiked. The best time to climb is from July to early September when temperature is highest and most snow has melted at lower elevations (all peaks have permanent snow covered peaks). The peaks can be climbed any time of year, though it becomes more difficult the further from August you go. Only experienced climbers should go during winter with the help of a local expert to get to the mountains. There are several smaller peaks of over 3,500 m inside the park as you go south from Tavan Bogd that can be climbed also.
• Altai Nomad's Festival on July 21st and 22nd inside the park near the 2 lakes is a small celebration of Kazakh culture and horse games. The event is put on by local nomadic herders living inside the park. There are gers to stay in and food and crafts sold by local craftsmen. The event costs $30 to attend in addition to transportation and park permits.
[edit] Winter Activities
• Eagle Hunting in the Altai mountains of Bayan-Ölgii is a truly unique spectacle. Horse-mounted Kazakh nomads in the dead of winter armed with only an eagle, a 30 lbs bird with 8 ft wingspan and deadly, powerful talons, head out into mountains to find foxes, hares, and sometimes even wolves. After successfully spotting the desired target, the hunter removes a hood, waits for the eagle to see the prey, and releases it. A minute later, the hunter will pull the eagle off the victim, and retrieve the pelt, to later be turned into a hat or coat to protect against the bitter cold. Though not always successful, the best hunters can kill over 50 Corsac foxes and numerous hares in a winter. Though other places in Central Asia, Kazakhs or Kyrgyz have trained eagles for hunting, most are not capable of actually catching live prey. The Kazakh eagle hunters in Mongolia are an except thanks to luck of history. Being part of Mongolia instead China or Soviet Union meant the region was less developed and traditional culture was not suppressed. Today multiple film crews and journalists travel to this remote region each winter to witness a live hunt. A few adventurous, warm-blooded tourists experience a successful hunt each year also, that only takes place during the winter months when it is easy to spot fox tracks and its fur is thick and soft. There are 250 eagle hunters in Bayan-Ölgii (the vast majority of the world's eagle hunters), with most living in or near Altai Tavan Bogd National Park.
• Skiing is offered by Blue Wolf Travel in late April and early May when the snow when deep, fresh snow falls on Tavan Bogd mountains. Skiing is on the mountain and Potaniin Glacier. One plus for skiing the mountains is that all 5 peaks form a bowl around the glacier, which leads to the base camp. One can ski all the way from Huiten Peak, the highest peak, all the way to the base camp. This is back-country skiing. You should be both an experienced mountain climber and advanced skier. From the Ranger station, skiers will have to ride horses and camels to the base camp of the mountains, then climb up and ski down. At night, you sleep in a tent at the base camp.
[edit] Tour Guides
There is not a lot of infrastructure in Mongolia in general, and Bayan-Ölgii especially. There are no paved roads or many places to stay or eat or even buy food outside of the provincial capital. The park is completely pristine, without even borders fences between Russia and China. Therefore most visitors use one of the several tour groups located in Ölgii for transportation, camping equipment, food, and guides. The largest companies offer unguided tour options to the main National Parks with only transportation and supplies, but no guide, cook, or other services. While other activities like mountain climbing, whitewater rafting, or going with an eagle hunter on a hunt will require a guide for most people.
• Altai Expeditions (+976 9942 7003) [3] provides fishing, bird watching, mountain biking, hiking, horseback riding, jeep, hiking, whitewater rafting, and mountain climbing. The owner, Bekbolat, is a expert mountain climber and whitewater rafting guide. They operate a ger camp and restaurant in Ölgii.
• Bear Valley Adventures (+976 9942 6311 +976 9966 2324) [4] Bear Valley has tour packages that offer cultural experiences, trekking, hiking, horseback-riding, fishing, cycling, kayaking, and mountain climbing. The owner, Akhmaral, has been a guide for many years. They have a ger camp and restaurant in Ölgii.
• Blue Wolf Travel (+976 9493 4994) [5] is a large tour operator in Bayan-Ölgii, with ger camps in Sagsai and Ölgii, scheduled shuttle services to Tavan Bogd and Tsambagarav National Parks, tours in Russia, China, and Kazakhstan Altai regions, a wide selection of tours including unguided tours, and the only snow skiing trips in Western Mongolia.
• Kazakh Tours (+976 9942 2006) [6] offers a broad selection of tour packages and services, including scheduled shuttle services to Tavan Bogd and unguided tours. Their tours offer many exciting activities such as fishing, bird watching, eagle hunting, mountain climbing, and whitewater rafting. There office is located in the Central Square directly across from BU Palace.
[edit][add listing] Buy
There are no restaurants in the park. Take any food you need with you. Local Kazakh foods are generally meat and...more meat, especially in the countryside. Goat, sheep, horse, camel and cow. Most food will be meat, flour, maybe potatoes, and a large amount of cooking oil.
You will most likely "go native" and eat with the locals. It's customary, and generally a nice thing, to bring some onions, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, a bag of noodles, or rice, as food items you can give to the woman of the house, who mainly prepares all meals. This is easy if you've hired a car and driver for your trip. You can get these items in any quantity at the open air Bazaar in Ölgii. A really interesting place to go. Your driver or guide can help here. You'll also want to take along bottles of water for the ride. Also bring any herbs, tomato sauce, or soy sauce to help make the food tastier to your personal preference.
If you are really staying with locals in the park, it's also nice to give a needed household item as a token of your appreciation. Candles, packets of matches, a small block of green tea, and of course candy or chocolates for the table and kids. It's not mandatory of course, but a nice gesture.
[edit][add listing] Eat
There are no restaurants in the park. Take any food you need with you. Local Kazakh foods are generally meat and...more meat, especially in the countryside. Goat, sheep, horse, camel and cow. Most food will be meat, flour, maybe potatoes, and a large amount of cooking oil.
You will most likely "go native" and eat with the locals. It's customary, and generally a nice thing, to bring some onions, potatoes, carrots, cabbage, a bag of noodles, or rice, as food items you can give to the woman of the house, who mainly prepares all meals. This is easy if you've hired a car and driver for your trip. You can get these items in any quantity at the open air Bazaar in Ölgii. A really interesting place to go. Your driver or guide can help here. You'll also want to take along bottles of water for the ride. Also bring any herbs, tomato sauce, or soy sauce to help make the food tastier to your personal preference.
If you are really staying with locals in the park, it's also nice to give a needed household item as a token of your appreciation. Candles, packets of matches, a small block of green tea, and of course candy or chocolates for the table and kids. It's not mandatory of course, but a nice gesture.
[edit][add listing] Drink
Again, no restaurants in the park. Bring bottled or boiled water with you and the means to purify or boil water when camping and traveling. Lots of water around, just take the usual precautions. When with the locals, there's always the usual favorites; milk tea, koumis (fermented horse milk), and vodka!
[edit][add listing] Sleep
[edit] Lodging
Most of the tour companies who travel in the park will bring you to their own pre-arranged accommodation, either their own lodge or camp set up. There are a few very scattered ger (yurt) camps around, but you'll have to check with the park office for their current locations. [Comment: park office does nothing and have no idea of travelling routes and gers.]
Inside the park, there are no commercial lodges, hotels, backpackers, etc. Independent travelers can find lodging with local Khazakh herders if they want to get a very enjoyable and interesting local experience. If you do this, pay them for your stay. Income opportunties for these people are very limited. Two to four dollars a night is currently acceptable and good value for the experience. When traveling further into the mountains, there is no lodging unless you carry a tent, and this is recommended.
There are now several herder communities who have gotten together and can provide some primitive services such as accommodation and guiding. Check with the park information office to find where these are if you want to visit a real community based tourist venture. It can be a great experience, but be prepared for basic, very basic.
[edit] Camping
If traveling with a tour company they will (or should) have everything you need for a comfortable camping experience. Take pains to make sure they are reputable and do have what you need. Ask the park information office about good camping areas in the park.
There are very few designated camping sites around the park, so it's basically up to you where you want to put your bones for the night. If around a herder family, it's a good idea to ask if you can camp closer to their ger (yurt). Most will enjoy having you there and you will be secure for the night.
The same rules for camping apply here as anywhere else in the world. If you pack it in, pack it out! This is especially important in and around the base camp area for the Tavan Bogd (five kings) range, where serious high alpine climbing can be had. It is a very fragile area and easily impacted by human use.
AS for camping toilet needs. There are no toilets. If you don't know how to "shit in the woods", you'll want to practice a bit before undertaking a Mongolian adventure.
[edit] Stay safe
When traveling in the park, especially if you're an individual or an independent group, it's best to register with the park office and let them know your intentions. There is no "rescue" service of any kind in Mongolia, but at least they'll know where to begin looking for you if you do go missing or get hurt. Locals are very kind and helpful, but if you do get seriously injured, it will basically be up to your own initiative and strength to get you out of there. Good seasonal clothing, first aid kit, backcountry equipment for the activity you're planning, a good map, and a little knowledge of the area are essential.
[edit] Wildlife
There are wolves, bears, foxes, and other potentially dangerous animals inside the park. Locals will warn you to watch out wolves especially when traveling alone. However, attacks on people are very rare, and wolves are afraid of humans. You stand a much better chance of being bitten by a dog near one of the encampments. Another concern is diseases carried by animals. Locals eat marmots, though this can be dangerous, as they carry bubonic plague. To ask if you are being served marmot in Kazakh say "soor bar ma?".
[edit] Border
There is no fence or markers for the border with Russia. The Chinese have placed concrete pillars on the border with Chinese flags on it. If you see one on a mountain peak, turn around. It is possible to get lost and wander into Russia if you are not with a experienced local guide. There have been 2 such cases in recent years of a tourist and a separate guide getting picked up by the Russian Army. They were turned over to the Mongolian Army and driven back to Ölgii at your own expense. A good map or GPS is essential if traveling without a guide.
[edit] Crime
When traveling alone anywhere, it's always a good thing to play it safe. There is potential to run into a few rogues along your route. It is a wild place and far from anywhere. That's what's appealing. Hopefully as a traveler you already have the experience to read situations as they arise when coming across certain individuals. When camping for the night, it's a good idea to ask a local herder to camp near their ger (yurt) for extra safety. If that's not possible, be discreet in choosing where to set up the tent. Though crime is very rare inside the park, most issues that do occur involve drunk men. Be careful when vodka is present.
[edit] Food and Health Issues
Be careful when drinking water or eating uncooked food from locals. Livestock are kept near rivers during the summer and water pollution from animals is an issue. Kazakhs adhere to Muslim customs of washing hands, though this can be more ceremonial than effective at times. Health issues can arise from falls, altitude, or cold weather. The entrance of the park is 6 to 8 hours away from the nearest hospital and another 4 hour flight to the nearest trauma center in Ulaanbaatar. There is no cell phone coverage in the park, so be careful and don't do anything too stupid. If you do need help, go to one of the 3 ranger stations or 3 border patrol bases (located at the north end of Hoton Nuur Lake, across the river from Syrgil, and on the south shore of the southern most of the 3 lakes, Dayan Lake).
[edit] Get out
Altai Tavan Bogd is about as far away from the rest of the world as you can get. When you wish to return to civilization, turn around and go back to Ölgii. A few hundred miles past that, you will reach paved roads again.
• Ölgii the capital of Bayan-Ölgii Aimag (province), and the center of Kazakh culture in Mongolia.
• Tsambagarav National Park on the otherside of Bayan-Ölgii has the 2nd highest mountain in Mongolia and lots of wildlife.
• Altai Republic in Russia is right across the border with dense forests and snow-capped mountains.
This is a guide article. It has a variety of good, quality information about the park including attractions, activities, lodging, campgrounds, restaurants, and arrival/departure info. Plunge forward and help us make it a star!
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8301.0 - Manufacturing Production, Australia, Preliminary, Oct 1996
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 03/12/1996
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• About this Release
Monthly; ISSN:1035-9311; Estimates of production for major manufacturing indicators, including metals, household appliances and textiles. Contains original, seasonally adjusted and trend data. The indicators are part of a much broader range of items published quarterly.
This publication has been converted from older electronic formats and does not necessarily have the same appearance and functionality as later releases.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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"url": "www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/second%2Blevel%2Bview?issue=Mar+2008&prodno=8635.2.55.001&prodno=8635.2.55.001&tabname=Related+Products&viewtitle=Tourist+Accommodation%2C+Small+Area+Data%2C+Victoria~Mar+2008~Previous~07%2F07%2F2008",
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8635.2.55.001 - Tourist Accommodation, Small Area Data, Victoria, Mar 2008
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 07/07/2008
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
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"url": "www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/94/abstract",
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Research article
Insights into the evolution of the snail superfamily from metazoan wide molecular phylogenies and expression data in annelids
Pierre Kerner1,2,3, Johanne Hung2, Julien Béhague1,2, Martine Le Gouar2, Guillaume Balavoine1,2 and Michel Vervoort1,2,3*
Author Affiliations
1 Programme Development and Neurobiology, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS/Université Paris Diderot – Paris 7, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
2 Evolution et Développement des Métazoaires, Centre de Génétique Moléculaire- FRE 3144 CNRS, 1, av. de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
3 UFR des Sciences du Vivant, Université Paris Diderot – Paris 7, 5, rue Marie-Andrée Lagroua Weill-Hallé, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
For all author emails, please log on.
BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:94 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-9-94
Published: 9 May 2009
Abstract
Background
An important issue concerning the evolution of duplicated genes is to understand why paralogous genes are retained in a genome even though the most likely fate for a redundant duplicated gene is nonfunctionalization and thereby its elimination. Here we study a complex superfamily generated by gene duplications, the snail related genes that play key roles during animal development. We investigate the evolutionary history of these genes by genomic, phylogenetic, and expression data studies.
Results
We systematically retrieved the full complement of snail related genes in several sequenced genomes. Through phylogenetic analysis, we found that the snail superfamily is composed of three ancestral families, snail, scratchA and scratchB. Analyses of the organization of the encoded proteins point out specific molecular signatures, indicative of functional specificities for Snail, ScratchA and ScratchB proteins. We also report the presence of two snail genes in the annelid Platynereis dumerilii, which have distinct expression patterns in the developing mesoderm, nervous system, and foregut. The combined expression of these two genes is identical to that of two independently duplicated snail genes in another annelid, Capitella spI, but different aspects of the expression patterns are differentially shared among paralogs of Platynereis and Capitella.
Conclusion
Our study indicates that the snail and scratchB families have expanded through multiple independent gene duplications in the different bilaterian lineages, and highlights potential functional diversifications of Snail and ScratchB proteins following duplications, as, in several instances, paralogous proteins in a given species show different domain organizations. Comparisons of the expression pattern domains of the two Platynereis and Capitella snail paralogs provide evidence for independent subfunctionalization events which have occurred in these two species. We propose that the snail related genes may be especially prone to subfunctionalization, and this would explain why the snail superfamily underwent so many independent duplications leading to maintenance of functional paralogs.
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Research article
A systematic review of the content of critical appraisal tools
Persis Katrak1, Andrea E Bialocerkowski2, Nicola Massy-Westropp1, VS Saravana Kumar1 and Karen A Grimmer1*
Author Affiliations
1 Centre for Allied Health Evidence: A Collaborating Centre of the Joanna Briggs Institute, City East Campus, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
2 School of Physiotherapy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia
For all author emails, please log on.
BMC Medical Research Methodology 2004, 4:22 doi:10.1186/1471-2288-4-22
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/4/22
Received:10 May 2004
Accepted:16 September 2004
Published:16 September 2004
© 2004 Katrak et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background
Consumers of research (researchers, administrators, educators and clinicians) frequently use standard critical appraisal tools to evaluate the quality of published research reports. However, there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate critical appraisal tool for allied health research. We summarized the content, intent, construction and psychometric properties of published, currently available critical appraisal tools to identify common elements and their relevance to allied health research.
Methods
A systematic review was undertaken of 121 published critical appraisal tools sourced from 108 papers located on electronic databases and the Internet. The tools were classified according to the study design for which they were intended. Their items were then classified into one of 12 criteria based on their intent. Commonly occurring items were identified. The empirical basis for construction of the tool, the method by which overall quality of the study was established, the psychometric properties of the critical appraisal tools and whether guidelines were provided for their use were also recorded.
Results
Eighty-seven percent of critical appraisal tools were specific to a research design, with most tools having been developed for experimental studies. There was considerable variability in items contained in the critical appraisal tools. Twelve percent of available tools were developed using specified empirical research. Forty-nine percent of the critical appraisal tools summarized the quality appraisal into a numeric summary score. Few critical appraisal tools had documented evidence of validity of their items, or reliability of use. Guidelines regarding administration of the tools were provided in 43% of cases.
Conclusions
There was considerable variability in intent, components, construction and psychometric properties of published critical appraisal tools for research reports. There is no "gold standard' critical appraisal tool for any study design, nor is there any widely accepted generic tool that can be applied equally well across study types. No tool was specific to allied health research requirements. Thus interpretation of critical appraisal of research reports currently needs to be considered in light of the properties and intent of the critical appraisal tool chosen for the task.
Background
Consumers of research (clinicians, researchers, educators, administrators) frequently use standard critical appraisal tools to evaluate the quality and utility of published research reports [1]. Critical appraisal tools provide analytical evaluations of the quality of the study, in particular the methods applied to minimise biases in a research project [2]. As these factors potentially influence study results, and the way that the study findings are interpreted, this information is vital for consumers of research to ascertain whether the results of the study can be believed, and transferred appropriately into other environments, such as policy, further research studies, education or clinical practice. Hence, choosing an appropriate critical appraisal tool is an important component of evidence-based practice.
Although the importance of critical appraisal tools has been acknowledged [1,3-5] there appears to be no consensus regarding the 'gold standard' tool for any medical evidence. In addition, it seems that consumers of research are faced with a large number of critical appraisal tools from which to choose. This is evidenced by the recent report by the Agency for Health Research Quality in which 93 critical appraisal tools for quantitative studies were identified [6]. Such choice may pose problems for research consumers, as dissimilar findings may well be the result when different critical appraisal tools are used to evaluate the same research report [6].
Critical appraisal tools can be broadly classified into those that are research design-specific and those that are generic. Design-specific tools contain items that address methodological issues that are unique to the research design [5,7]. This precludes comparison however of the quality of different study designs [8]. To attempt to overcome this limitation, generic critical appraisal tools have been developed, in an attempt to enhance the ability of research consumers to synthesise evidence from a range of quantitative and or qualitative study designs (for instance [9]). There is no evidence that generic critical appraisal tools and design-specific tools provide a comparative evaluation of research designs.
Moreover, there appears to be little consensus regarding the most appropriate items that should be contained within any critical appraisal tool. This paper is concerned primarily with critical appraisal tools that address the unique properties of allied health care and research [10]. This approach was taken because of the unique nature of allied health contacts with patients, and because evidence-based practice is an emerging area in allied health [10]. The availability of so many critical appraisal tools (for instance [6]) may well prove daunting for allied health practitioners who are learning to critically appraise research in their area of interest. For the purposes of this evaluation, allied health is defined as encompassing "...all occasions of service to non admitted patients where services are provided at units/clinics providing treatment/counseling to patients. These include units primarily concerned with physiotherapy, speech therapy, family panning, dietary advice, optometry occupational therapy..." [11].
The unique nature of allied health practice needs to be considered in allied health research. Allied health research thus differs from most medical research, with respect to:
• the paradigm underpinning comprehensive and clinically-reasoned descriptions of diagnosis (including validity and reliability). An example of this is in research into low back pain, where instead of diagnosis being made on location and chronicity of pain (as is common) [12], it would be made on the spinal structure and the nature of the dysfunction underpinning the symptoms, which is arrived at by a staged and replicable clinical reasoning process [10,13].
• the frequent use of multiple interventions within the one contact with the patient (an occasion of service), each of which requires appropriate description in terms of relationship to the diagnosis, nature, intensity, frequency, type of instruction provided to the patient, and the order in which the interventions were applied [13]
• the timeframe and frequency of contact with the patient (as many allied health disciplines treat patients in episodes of care that contain multiple occasions of service, and which can span many weeks, or even years in the case of chronic problems [14])
• measures of outcome, including appropriate methods and timeframes of measuring change in impairment, function, disability and handicap that address the needs of different stakeholders (patients, therapists, funders etc) [10,12,13].
Methods
Search strategy
In supplementary data [see 1].
Additional File 1. Search Strategy.
Format: DOC Size: 31KB Download file
This file can be viewed with: Microsoft Word Viewer
Data organization and extraction
Two independent researchers (PK, NMW) participated in all aspects of this review, and they compared and discussed their findings with respect to inclusion of critical appraisal tools, their intent, components, data extraction and item classification, construction and psychometric properties. Disagreements were resolved by discussion with a third member of the team (KG).
Data extraction consisted of a four-staged process. First, identical replica critical appraisal tools were identified and removed prior to analysis. The remaining critical appraisal tools were then classified according to the study design for which they were intended to be used [1,2]. The scientific manner in which the tools had been constructed was classified as whether an empirical research approach has been used, and if so, which type of research had been undertaken. Finally, the items contained in each critical appraisal tool were extracted and classified into one of eleven groups, which were based on the criteria described by Clarke and Oxman [4] as:
Study aims and justification
Methodology used, which encompassed method of identification of relevant studies and adherence to study protocol;
Sample selection, which ranged from inclusion and exclusion criteria, to homogeneity of groups;
• Method of randomization and allocation blinding;
Attrition: response and drop out rates;
Blinding of the clinician, assessor, patient and statistician as well as the method of blinding;
Outcome measure characteristics;
Intervention or exposure details;
• Method of data analyses;
• Potential sources of bias; and
• Issues of external validity, which ranged from application of evidence to other settings to the relationship between benefits, cost and harm.
An additional group, "miscellaneous", was used to describe items that could not be classified into any of the groups listed above.
Data synthesis
Data was synthesized using MS Excel spread sheets as well as narrative format by describing the number of critical appraisal tools per study design and the type of items they contained. Descriptions were made of the method by which the overall quality of the study was determined, evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the tools (validity and reliability) and whether guidelines were provided for use of the critical appraisal tool.
Results
One hundred and ninety-three research reports that potentially provided a description of a critical appraisal tool (or process) were identified from the search strategy. Fifty-six of these papers were unavailable for review due to outdated Internet links, or inability to source the relevant journal through Australian university and Government library databases. Of the 127 papers retrieved, 19 were excluded from this review, as they did not provide a description of the critical appraisal tool used, or were published in languages other than English. As a result, 108 papers were reviewed, which yielded 121 different critical appraisal tools [1-5,7,9,15-102,116].
Empirical basis for tool construction
We identified 14 instruments (12% all tools) which were reported as having been constructed using a specified empirical approach [20,29,30,32,35,40,49,51,70-72,79,103,116]. The empirical research reflected descriptive and/or qualitative approaches, these being critical review of existing tools [40,72], Delphi techniques to identify then refine data items [32,51,71], questionnaires and other forms of written surveys to identify and refine data items [70,79,103], facilitated structured consensus meetings [20,29,30,35,40,49,70,72,79,116], and pilot validation testing [20,40,72,103,116]. In all the studies which reported developing critical appraisal tools using a consensus approach, a range of stakeholder input was sought, reflecting researchers and clinicians in a range of health disciplines, students, educators and consumers. There were a further 31 papers which cited other studies as the source of the tool used in the review, but which provided no information on why individual items had been chosen, or whether (or how) they had been modified. Moreover, for 21 of these tools, the cited sources of the critical appraisal tool did not report the empirical basis on which the tool had been constructed.
Critical appraisal tools per study design
Seventy-eight percent (N = 94) of the critical appraisal tools were developed for use on primary research [1-5,7,9,18,19,25-27,34,37-41], while the remainder (N = 26) were for secondary research (systematic reviews and meta-analyses) [2-5,15-36,116]. Eighty-seven percent (N = 104) of all critical appraisal tools were design-specific [2-5,7,9,15-90], with over one third (N = 45) developed for experimental studies (randomized controlled trials, clinical trials) [2-4,25-27,34,37-73]. Sixteen critical appraisal tools were generic. Of these, six were developed for use on both experimental and observational studies [9,91-95], whereas 11 were purported to be useful for any qualitative and quantitative research design [1,18,41,96-102,116] (see Figure 1, Table 1).
Figure 1. Number of critical appraisal tools per study design [1,2]
Table 1. Summary of tools sourced in this review.
Critical appraisal items
One thousand, four hundred and seventy five items were extracted from these critical appraisal tools. After grouping like items together, 173 different item types were identified, with the most frequently reported items being focused towards assessing the external validity of the study (N = 35) and method of data analyses (N = 28) (Table 2). The most frequently reported items across all critical appraisal tools were:
Table 2. The type and number of component items contained in critical appraisal tools per study design.
• Eligibility criteria (inclusion/exclusion criteria) (N = 63)
• Appropriate statistical analyses (N = 47)
• Random allocation of subjects (N = 43)
• Consideration of outcome measures used (N = 43)
• Sample size justification/power calculations (N = 39)
• Study design reported (N = 36)
• Assessor blinding (N = 36)
Design-specific critical appraisal tools
Systematic reviews
Eighty-seven different items were extracted from the 26 critical appraisal tools, which were designed to evaluate the quality of systematic reviews. These critical appraisal tools frequently contained items regarding data analyses and issues of external validity (Tables 2 and 3).
Table 3. The type and number of guidelines accompanying critical appraisal tools per study design
Items assessing data analyses were focused to the methods used to summarize the results, assessment of sensitivity of results and whether heterogeneity was considered, whereas the nature of reporting of the main results, interpretation of them and their generalizability were frequently used to assess the external validity of the study findings. Moreover, systematic review critical appraisal tools tended to contain items such as identification of relevant studies, search strategy used, number of studies included and protocol adherence, that would not be relevant for other study designs. Blinding and randomisation procedures were rarely included in these critical appraisal tools.
Experimental studies
One hundred and twenty thirteen different items were extracted from the 45 experimental critical appraisal tools. These items most frequently assessed aspects of data analyses and blinding (Tables 1 and 2). Data analyses items were focused on whether appropriate statistical analysis was performed, whether a sample size justification or power calculation was provided and whether side effects of the intervention were recorded and analysed. Blinding was focused on whether the participant, clinician and assessor were blinded to the intervention.
Diagnostic studies
Forty-seven different items were extracted from the seven diagnostic critical appraisal tools. These items frequently addressed issues involving data analyses, external validity of results and sample selection that were specific to diagnostic studies (whether the diagnostic criteria were defined, definition of the "gold" standard, the calculation of sensitivity and specificity) (Tables 1 and 2).
Observational studies
Seventy-four different items were extracted from the 19 critical appraisal tools for observational studies. These items primarily focused on aspects of data analyses (see Tables 1 and 2, such as whether confounders were considered in the analysis, whether a sample size justification or power calculation was provided and whether appropriate statistical analyses were preformed.
Qualitative studies
Thirty-six different items were extracted from the seven qualitative study critical appraisal tools. The majority of these items assessed issues regarding external validity, methods of data analyses and the aims and justification of the study (Tables 1 and 2). Specifically, items were focused to whether the study question was clearly stated, whether data analyses were clearly described and appropriate, and application of the study findings to the clinical setting. Qualitative critical appraisal tools did not contain items regarding sample selection, randomization, blinding, intervention or bias, perhaps because these issues are not relevant to the qualitative paradigm.
Generic critical appraisal tools
Experimental and observational studies
Forty-two different items were extracted from the six critical appraisal tools that could be used to evaluate experimental and observational studies. These tools most frequently contained items that addressed aspects of sample selection (such as inclusion/exclusion criteria of participants, homogeneity of participants at baseline) and data analyses (such as whether appropriate statistical analyses were performed, whether a justification of the sample size or power calculation were provided).
All study designs
Seventy-eight different items were contained in the ten critical appraisal tools that could be used for all study designs (quantitative and qualitative). The majority of these items focused on whether appropriate data analyses were undertaken (such as whether confounders were considered in the analysis, whether a sample size justification or power calculation was provided and whether appropriate statistical analyses were preformed) and external validity issues (generalization of results to the population, value of the research findings) (see Tables 1 and 2).
Allied health critical appraisal tools
We found no critical appraisal instrument specific to allied health research, despite finding at least seven critical appraisal instruments associated with allied health topics (mostly physiotherapy management of orthopedic conditions) [37,39,52,58,59,65]. One critical appraisal development group proposed two instruments [9], specific to quantitative and qualitative research respectively. The core elements of allied health research quality (specific diagnosis criteria, intervention descriptions, nature of patient contact and appropriate outcome measures) were not addressed in any one tool sourced for this evaluation. We identified 152 different ways of considering quality reporting of outcome measures in the 121 critical appraisal tools, and 81 ways of considering description of interventions. Very few tools which were not specifically targeted to diagnostic studies (less than 10% of the remaining tools) addressed diagnostic criteria. The critical appraisal instrument that seemed most related to allied health research quality [39] sought comprehensive evaluation of elements of intervention and outcome, however this instrument was relevant only to physiotherapeutic orthopedic experimental research.
Overall study quality
Forty-nine percent (N = 58) of critical appraisal tools summarised the results of the quality appraisal into a single numeric summary score [5,7,15-25,37-59,74-77,80-83,87,91-93,96,97] (Figure 2). This was achieved by one of two methods:
Figure 2. Number of critical appraisal tools with, and without, summary quality scores
• An equal weighting system, where one point was allocated to each item fulfilled; or
• A weighted system, where fulfilled items were allocated various points depending on their perceived importance.
However, there was no justification provided for any of the scoring systems used. In the remaining critical appraisal tools (N = 62), a single numerical summary score was not provided [1-4,9,25-36,60-73,78,79,84-90,94,95,98-102]. This left the research consumer to summarize the results of the appraisal in a narrative manner, without the assistance of a standard approach.
Psychometric properties of critical appraisal tools
Few critical appraisal tools had documented evidence of their validity and reliability. Face validity was established in nine critical appraisal tools, seven of which were developed for use on experimental studies [38,40,45,49,51,63,70] and two for systematic reviews [32,103]. Intra-rater reliability was established for only one critical appraisal tool as part of its empirical development process [40], whereas inter-rater reliability was reported for two systematic review tools [20,36] (for one of these as part of the developmental process [20]) and seven experimental critical appraisal tools [38,40,45,51,55,56,63] (for two of these as part of the developmental process [40,51]).
Critical appraisal tool guidelines
Forty-three percent (N = 52) of critical appraisal tools had guidelines that informed the user of the interpretation of each item contained within them (Table 2). These guidelines were most frequently in the form of a handbook or published paper (N = 31) [2,4,9,15,20,25,28,29,31,36,37,41,50,64-67,69,80,84-87,89,90,95,100,116], whereas in 14 critical appraisal tools explanations accompanied each item [16,26,27,40,49,51,57,59,79,83,91,102].
Discussion
Our search strategy identified a large number of published critical appraisal tools that are currently available to critically appraise research reports. There was a distinct lack of information on tool development processes in most cases. Many of the tools were reported to be modifications of other published tools, or reflected specialty concerns in specific clinical or research areas, without attempts to justify inclusion criteria. Less than 10 of these tools were relevant to evaluation of the quality of allied health research, and none of these were based on an empirical research approach. We are concerned that although our search was systematic and extensive [104,105], our broad key words and our lack of ready access to 29% of potentially useful papers (N = 56) potentially constrained us from identifying all published critical appraisal tools. However, consumers of research seeking critical appraisal instruments are not likely to seek instruments from outdated Internet links and unobtainable journals, thus we believe that we identified the most readily available instruments. Thus, despite the limitations on sourcing all possible tools, we believe that this paper presents a useful synthesis of the readily available critical appraisal tools.
The majority of the critical appraisal tools were developed for a specific research design (87%), with most designed for use on experimental studies (38% of all critical appraisal tools sourced). This finding is not surprising as, according to the medical model, experimental studies sit at or near the top of the hierarchy of evidence [2,8]. In recent years, allied health researchers have strived to apply the medical model of research to their own discipline by conducting experimental research, often by using the randomized controlled trial design [106]. This trend may be the reason for the development of experimental critical appraisal tools reported in allied health-specific research topics [37,39,52,58,59,65].
We also found a considerable number of critical appraisal tools for systematic reviews (N = 26), which reflects the trend to synthesize research evidence to make it relevant for clinicians [105,107]. Systematic review critical appraisal tools contained unique items (such as identification of relevant studies, search strategy used, number of studies included, protocol adherence) compared with tools used for primary studies, a reflection of the secondary nature of data synthesis and analysis.
In contrast, we identified very few qualitative study critical appraisal tools, despite the presence of many journal-specific guidelines that outline important methodological aspects required in a manuscript submitted for publication [108-110]. This finding may reflect the more traditional, quantitative focus of allied health research [111]. Alternatively, qualitative researchers may view the robustness of their research findings in different terms compared with quantitative researchers [112,113]. Hence the use of critical appraisal tools may be less appropriate for the qualitative paradigm. This requires further consideration.
Of the small number of generic critical appraisal tools, we found few that could be usefully applied (to any health research, and specifically to the allied health literature), because of the generalist nature of their items, variable interpretation (and applicability) of items across research designs, and/or lack of summary scores. Whilst these types of tools potentially facilitate the synthesis of evidence across allied health research designs for clinicians, their lack of specificity in asking the 'hard' questions about research quality related to research design also potentially precludes their adoption for allied health evidence-based practice. At present, the gold standard study design when synthesizing evidence is the randomized controlled trial [4], which underpins our finding that experimental critical appraisal tools predominated in the allied health literature [37,39,52,58,59,65]. However, as more systematic literature reviews are undertaken on allied health topics, it may become more accepted that evidence in the form of other research design types requires acknowledgement, evaluation and synthesis. This may result in the development of more appropriate and clinically useful allied health critical appraisal tools.
A major finding of our study was the volume and variation in available critical appraisal tools. We found no gold standard critical appraisal tool for any type of study design. Therefore, consumers of research are faced with frustrating decisions when attempting to select the most appropriate tool for their needs. Variable quality evaluations may be produced when different critical appraisal tools are used on the same literature [6]. Thus, interpretation of critical analysis must be carefully considered in light of the critical appraisal tool used.
The variability in the content of critical appraisal tools could be accounted for by the lack of any empirical basis of tool construction, established validity of item construction, and the lack of a gold standard against which to compare new critical tools. As such, consumers of research cannot be certain that the content of published critical appraisal tools reflect the most important aspects of the quality of studies that they assess [114]. Moreover, there was little evidence of intra- or inter-rater reliability of the critical appraisal tools. Coupled with the lack of protocols for use, this may mean that critical appraisers could interpret instrument items in different ways over repeated occasions of use. This may produce variable results [123].
Conclusions
Based on the findings of this evaluation, we recommend that consumers of research should carefully select critical appraisal tools for their needs. The selected tools should have published evidence of the empirical basis for their construction, validity of items and reliability of interpretation, as well as guidelines for use, so that the tools can be applied and interpreted in a standardized manner. Our findings highlight the need for consensus to be reached regarding the important and core items for critical appraisal tools that will produce a more standardized environment for critical appraisal of research evidence. As a consequence, allied health research will specifically benefit from having critical appraisal tools that reflect best practice research approaches which embed specific research requirements of allied health disciplines.
Competing interests
No competing interests.
Authors' contributions
PK Sourced critical appraisal tools
Categorized the content and psychometric properties of critical appraisal tools
AEB Synthesis of findings
Drafted manuscript
NMW Sourced critical appraisal tools
Categorized the content and psychometric properties of critical appraisal tools
VSK Sourced critical appraisal tools
Categorized the content and psychometric properties of critical appraisal tools
KAG Study conception and design
Assisted with critiquing critical appraisal tools and categorization of the content and psychometric properties of critical appraisal tools
Drafted and reviewed manuscript
Addressed reviewer's comments and re-submitted the article
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2288/4/22/prepub
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Research article
Monotonicity, frustration, and ordered response: an analysis of the energy landscape of perturbed large-scale biological networks
Giovanni Iacono and Claudio Altafini*
Author Affiliations
SISSA-ISAS, International School for Advanced Studies, via Beirut 2-4, 34014 Trieste, Italy
For all author emails, please log on.
BMC Systems Biology 2010, 4:83 doi:10.1186/1752-0509-4-83
Published: 10 June 2010
Abstract
Background
For large-scale biological networks represented as signed graphs, the index of frustration measures how far a network is from a monotone system, i.e., how incoherently the system responds to perturbations.
Results
In this paper we find that the frustration is systematically lower in transcriptional networks (modeled at functional level) than in signaling and metabolic networks (modeled at stoichiometric level). A possible interpretation of this result is in terms of energetic cost of an interaction: an erroneous or contradictory transcriptional action costs much more than a signaling/metabolic error, and therefore must be avoided as much as possible. Averaging over all possible perturbations, however, we also find that unlike for transcriptional networks, in the signaling/metabolic networks the probability of finding the system in its least frustrated configuration tends to be high also in correspondence of a moderate energetic regime, meaning that, in spite of the higher frustration, these networks can achieve a globally ordered response to perturbations even for moderate values of the strength of the interactions. Furthermore, an analysis of the energy landscape shows that signaling and metabolic networks lack energetic barriers around their global optima, a property also favouring global order.
Conclusion
In conclusion, transcriptional and signaling/metabolic networks appear to have systematic differences in both the index of frustration and the transition to global order. These differences are interpretable in terms of the different functions of the various classes of networks.
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<D <M <Y
Y> M> D>
: I updated my LWE travelogue, which is too long to link to. (Maybe I shouldn't have given it such a long name). Now has deconstructions of Mae Ling Mak, RMS, and myself in relation to those two.
MST3K has changed. The MST3K people have changed. Read this convention transcript with Mike and Kevin. If you can. The schtick has turned from light-hearted self-depreciation to real, true, bitter hatred of self and others. Judging from the transcript, anyway.
[Main]
Unless otherwise noted, all content licensed by Leonard Richardson
under a Creative Commons License.
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422 East Main Street
From Cvillepedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is a stub. You can help cvillepedia by expanding it.
422 East Main Street', also known as the A&N Building, is a one-story, 2,400-square-foot building built in 1920, located on Charlottesville's downtown mall[1].
It is owned and rented out by developer Gabe Silverman. For many years, the tenant was the A&N clothing store, but they moved out in 2006.[2] Following the store's closure, the space lay vacant until 2008, when it became the Charlottesville headquarters for Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama. In 2010, it became a temporary art gallery. In September 2011, Restaurateur Alex George turned the space into a restaurant called the Commonwealth Restaurant & Skybar. [3]
Map
Coordinates: 38°01′47″N 78°28′42″W / 38.029687°N 78.478206°W / 38.029687; -78.478206
References
1. Web. Downtown Mall to get 1st rooftop restaurant, SHARON C. FITZGERALD, Daily Progress, World Media Enterprises, February 16, 2011, retrieved February 21, 2011.
2. Web. Adios A&N: Clothing store leaves Mall, Lisa Provence, The Hook, Better Publications LLC, retrieved February 18, 2011. Print. January 12, 2006 , 502, .
3. Web. High on the Skybar, Dave McNair, The Hook, Better Publications LLC, October 3, 2011, retrieved May 15, 2011. Print. October 6, 2011 , 1040, .
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Research
Implication of protein kinase R Gene quantification in hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 induced Hepatocarcinogenesis
Amal A Mohamed1, Ola H Nada2,4* and Mohamed A El Desouky3
Author Affiliations
1 Department of Biochemistry, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
2 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
3 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
4 Ain Shams University-Faculty of medicine-Pathology department-Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
For all author emails, please log on.
Diagnostic Pathology 2012, 7:103 doi:10.1186/1746-1596-7-103
Published: 15 August 2012
Abstract
Background
Protein kinase RNA (PKR-regulated) is a double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase whose expression is induced by interferon. The role of PKR in cell growth regulation is controversial, with some studies supporting a tumour suppressor function and others suggesting a growth-promoting role. However, it is possible that the function of PKR varies with the type of cancer in question.
Methods
We report here a detailed study to evaluate the function of PKR in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) infected patients. PKR gene was quantitated in HCV related malignant and non-malignant liver tissue by RT-PCR technique and the association of HCV core and PKR was assessed.
Results
If PKR functions as a tumour suppressor in this system, its expression would be higher in chronic hepatitis tissues. On the contrary our study demonstrated the specific association of HCV-4 with PKR expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues, leading to an increased gene expression of the kinase in comparison to chronic hepatitis tissues. This calls into question its role as a tumour suppressor and suggests a positive regulatory role of PKR in growth control of liver cancer cells. One limitation of most of other studies is that they measure the levels rather than the quantitation of PKR gene.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that PKR exerts a positive role in cell growth control of HCV-4 related HCC, obtaining a cut-off value for PKR expression in liver tissue provides the first evidence for existence of a viral activator of PKR.
Virtual Slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1267826959682402.
Keywords:
Genotype 4 HCV; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Liver; PKR
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Talk:Somerset CensusEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
We have been working on adding the reference books for each county that show the Family History Library's collection of census surname indexes for each county. We plan on adding this to each County's census page for England.
I think it would also be good to have some text that point readers to the England Census page for information on the censuses as well as search strategies.
Unless I here an objection from someone, then I will go ahead and add this in a few days.
I also suggest that the FHL Catalog page numbers be changed for each parish so that they point directly to the census pages for each parish rather than the list of information categories that are available for each parish.
• This page was last modified on 24 January 2012, at 21:59.
• This page has been accessed 71 times.
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Ohio Online Genealogy RecordsEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 00:26, 12 October 2012 by Dianekay (Talk | contribs)
United States Ohio Digital Collections
Ohio Statewide Online Databases
This is collection of links to Ohio statewide databases.
Many of these links will be repeated on county pages.
Vital Records
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Deaths
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User:McCormickMWEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 07:32, 6 November 2012 by McCormickMW (Talk | contribs)
Mikael McCormick.jpg
Michael McCormick is from Adams County, Pennsylvania, lives in Chicago, Illinois, is married to the love of his life, and is Operations Manager for HEREDIUM Probate Research LLC, a subsidiary of Henning Schröder Internationale Erbenermittlung GmbH.
You may contact me via my social media presence: My Talk page, Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+, Twitter, Enduring Legacy Blog, Enduring Legacy Facebook page, tumblr; or via my contributor pages at Find-A-Grave, Ancestry.com, Fold3, RootsWeb, or the Association of Professional Genealogists .
en This user is a native speaker of English
This user lives in the United States.
This user is of German ancestry.
This user is of Irish ancestry.
Conferences
This user watched the live stream of RootsTech 2011.
Memberships
Volunteer
This user likes to index records.
This user participated in the 1940 US Census Community Project.
This user is a contributor to the BillionGraves database of cemetery records.
Find A Grave This user is a contributor to the Find A Grave database of cemetery records.
This user is a contributor to the USGenWeb Archives.
My Work Experience
• Community Development Intern, FamilySearch Mar-Jun 2012
• Professional Genealogist and Founder, Enduring Legacy Genealogy 2007-2012
Education
• BS in History, Brigham Young University - Idaho, December 2011, Family History emphasis, Honor Society
Volunteer Work
• Full-time Missionary, Virginia Richmond Mission, 2005-2007 ("Gift of Family History" pilot)
• Family History Consultant, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints; 2004, 2008-2011
• PaHR-Access (People for Better Pennsylvania Historical Records Access), 2009-2011
• USGenWeb Archives, Find A Grave, and BillionGraves
• Assistant Stake Indexing Leader/Director, 2008
• FamilySearch Indexing Arbitrator, 2011-current
• FamilySearch beta tester (FamilyTree, Books GEDCOM project, Indexing app, Linking etc.)
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Susan Krinard - Summary Bibliography
You are not logged in. If you create a free account and sign in, you will be able to customize what is displayed.
Other views: Awards Alphabetical Chronological
Fiction Series Novels Anthology Series Anthologies Shortfiction Essays
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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Publication Listing
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Cover art supplied by Visco
Contents (view Concise Listing)
Verification Status
Reference Status
Primary Not Verified
Clute/Nicholls Not Verified
Clute/Grant Not Verified
Contento1 (anth/coll) Not Verified
Locus1 Not Verified
Reginald1 Not Verified
Reginald3 Not Verified
Tuck Not Verified
Miller/Contento Not Verified
Bleiler1 (Gernsback) Not Verified
Currey Not Verified
Primary (Transient) Not Verified
Bleiler78 Not Verified
OCLC/Worldcat Not Verified
Primary2 Not Verified
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Primary5 Not Verified
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
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SCP-339
rating: +29+x
SCP-339
Item #: SCP-339
Object Class: Keter
Special Containment Procedures: SCP-339 is contained at Site-49. The room containing SCP-339 is 5 m X 5 m X 5 m and sound-proofed. SCP-339 is sealed in a sound-proofed container on a 1.5 m pedestal in the center of the room. The room is only accessible through an outer sound-proofed airlock.
All personnel entering SCP-339’s holding room for maintenance must maintain absolute silence and wear noise-reducing foam-lined boots, available in the airlock. Regular maintenance of SCP-339 is to occur on the 15th of every month, and consists of replacing the degraded sound-proofed container with a new one.
No one is to enter SCP-339’s holding room for any reason other than maintenance.
Description: SCP-339 is a group of tendrils extending off a central mass. It is approximately 50 cm from tip-to-tip, although this is variable. It appears to be made out of weathered copper, but shows a much higher level of durability and independent mobility. The individual tendrils constantly move as though underwater, continually grinding on the sides of any containment, silently pulverizing it at a gradual but constant rate. Because of this, the sound-proofed box it is currently contained in must be replaced at regular intervals.
Any noise above 14 decibels will cause SCP-339 to become hostile. During this noise and for a length of time equal to 5 times the duration of the noise, any movement within visual range will result in the immediate reaction of SCP-339. SCP-339 will expand by extruding tendrils at an extremely high rate, ensnaring any moving organisms or objects, designated "targets." Once the movement has been restricted, SCP-339's tendrils begin to vibrate at rapidly increasing oscillations until the target is rendered incapable of movement. Note that once a target is ensnared, SCP-339 appears to be able to determine when the target truly becomes incapable of movement rather than merely when it stops moving.
SCP-339 will then return to its base shape and size. At this point, secretions of blood and a slurry of bone and muscle tissue from the central mass are to be expected. All movements of SCP-339 are completely silent, even at very high oscillations that should produce noise.
History: SCP-339 was recovered in Iran in 1953, during Operation Ajax on the part of the Iranian military. It was found in one of Prime Minister Mohammed Mossadeq's private collections. After the deaths of the Iranian soldiers sent to secure this collection, the Foundation was alerted and took control. SCP-339 was found in a velvet-draped room on a pedestal.
A quote from the Persian poet Saadi was engraved onto the pedestal in Persian: "Nothing is so good for an ignorant man as silence; and if he was sensible of this he would not be ignorant."
Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
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Subservient Chicken Stats Out
Mar 9, 2005 • 8:57 am | (0) by | Filed Under Web Promotion
Almost a year ago, on April 20th, I wrote an entry named Subservient Chicken - Viral Marketing by Burger King. John Dowdell over at the Macromedia blog wrote an entry recently named Chicken stats. In that entry he points to an AdWeek article with some of the statistics for the http://www.subservientchicken.com/ Web site.
- Within a day after being released, the site had a million hits. - Within a week, it had received 20 million hits. - 14 million unique visitors to date - 396 million hits to date - About a month after the TenderCrisp sandwich debuted, BK reported that sales had steadily increased an average of 9 percent a week. - "double-digit" growth of awareness of the TenderCrisp Chicken Sandwich and "significantly increased" chicken sandwich sales
The AdWeek article named Dissecting 'Subservient Chicken' makes for a really interesting read.
Previous story: Approved for Google AdWords / AdSense Affiliate Program
blog comments powered by Disqus
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Place:Southampton, Bermuda
Watchers
NameSouthampton
Alt namesSouthampton Parish, Bermudasource: Virtual Tourist / Bermuda Online
TypeParish (political)
Located inBermuda
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
Description
When you think of Bermuda's famous pink sand beaches, you're thinking of the island's south shore. The most famous beach areas are generally in Paget, Warwick, and Southampton parishes. Among the best places to visit are:[1]
• Elbow Beach, in Paget's Parish. The Elbow Beach hotel "claims" the east end of Elbow Beach, but the rest of the 1/2 mile stretch is public. There is a shower house in the area for beachgoers' use. Elbow is the closest beach to the city of Hamilton. Take bus #7.
• Warwick Long Bay Beach in both Warwick and Southampton Parish. The great PLUS for Warwick Long Bay is that it's kind of deserted. There are no lifeguards or true beach support items in the area. And another issue are the riptides. Our b&b hosts say that the rips at Warwick Long Bay are notoriously strong, so if you visit the area to soak up some rays, don't venture far into the surf. Again, bus #7 is your ticket.
• Horseshoe Bay Beach is probably THE most beautiful stretch of pink beach on Bermuda's south coast. Located in Southampton, Horseshoe Bay offers crystal clear waters, beautiful fine sand, basic beach area supports such as lifeguards and beach rental merchants, and even a small cafe. There is a public shower here as well. Bus #7 gets you to Horseshoe as well. IF POSSIBLE, try to pick a day to visit Horseshoe when there are few or hopefully ZERO cruise ships docked in Bermuda. You'll enjoy the space. At beach end is Port Royal cove, a snorkeler's lair.
• There is also Church Bay beach, an attractive beach a little further west of Horseshoe. Church Bay is supposedly a very good choice for snorkelers. Once again, use bus #7.
Research Tips
Southampton is a parish (political).
References
1. Virtual Tourist: Southampton, Bermuda
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Place:Wellington District, Upper Canada, Canada
Watchers
NameWellington District
TypeAdministrative region
Located inUpper Canada, Canada (1837 - 1841)
Also located inCanada West, Canada (1841 - 1849)
See alsoGore District, Upper Canada, Canadaadministration district from which Wellington District was formed
Waterloo, Ontario, Canadaadministrative county which took over when districts were abolished in 1849.
Contained Places
Township
North Dumfries ( 1840 - 1849 )
Waterloo (township) ( 1840 - 1849 )
Wilmot ( 1840 - 1849 )
Woolwich ( 1840 - 1849 )
Much of the information in this article has been gathered from Ontario GenWeb and The Archives of Ontario online article: The Changing Shape of Ontario
In 1837 the Wellington District was formed basically from a portion of the Gore District, but with sections of Simcoe and Huron Districts included two or three years later. Parts of the later counties of Waterloo, Wellington, Dufferin and Perth were included in the Wellington District. The district town was Guelph which at that time was located in Waterloo County.
The Archives of Ontario has produced a series of maps illustrating the growth of the District system across the province. Each map ought to be expanded to its maximum size in order to benefit from the information it contains. Return to the collection using the "back" button on your browser.
Ontario Districts: an Explanation
When Upper Canada was formed in 1788 it was immediately divided into four districts: Hesse, Nassau, Mecklenburg and Lunenburg. In 1792 these names were changed to Western, Home, Midland and Eastern respectively. The expansion in population of the province, and in the area settled, obliged the number of Districts to increase. By 1849 there were twenty individual districts, each with a number of counties under its jurisdiction.
After 1841, when the government of Upper Canada was reorganized and the province became known as Canada West, some of the responsibilities of the districts were transferred to local municipal councils in cities and towns (e.g. property tax collecting), although the districts still retained complete control over judicial matters.
From 1788 until 1849 in the area which is now Ontario, the District was the layer of government responsible for all judicial and administrative functions that could be carried out at a level below that of the province itself. Counties existed in the province from 1792, but they were little more than electoral and census divisions.
In 1849 the Districts were abolished and their functions were taken over by the individual counties or by united counties working within one municipal administration.
Most of the government documents the genealogist may require—those dealing with land, the registration of marriages, and minor criminal proceedings--will have been produced by the District before 1849 and by the Counties after that date. Serious land conflicts, or those concerning more than one District, will have found their way into Provincial Records. The same will have been true of criminal matters. Divorce was not even a provincial matter, but a federal one, until 1930.
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HIV induced pericarditis cardiac catheterization
Jump to: navigation, search
HIV induced pericarditis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Pathophysiology
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Differentiating HIV Induced Pericarditis from other Diseases
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Case #1
HIV induced pericarditis cardiac catheterization On the Web
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.
Cardiac Catheterization
• Cardiac tamponade: There is equalization of pressure in all four chambers of the heart. The right atrial pressure equals the right ventricular end diastolic pressure, and it also equals the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure.
• Constrictive pericarditis: Equalization of elevated right atrial and pulmonary artery wedge pressures may be noted with a diastolic dip and plateau in the right ventricular tracing.
• Effusive constrictive pericarditis: Cardiac tamponade findings are noted initially. Findings of constrictive pericarditis are found following pericardiocentesis.
References
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T cell
(Redirected from T lymphocyte)
Jump to: navigation, search
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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T cell
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Overview
T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and NK cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface called the T cell receptor (TCR). The abbreviation T, in T cell, stands for thymus, since it is the principal organ in the T cell's development.
T cell subsets
Molecular association of CD8+ T cells with MHC class I and CD4+ T cells with MHC class II
Several different subsets of T cells have been described, each with a distinct function.
• Helper T cells (TH cells) are the "middlemen" of the adaptive immune system. Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete small proteins called cytokines that regulate or "help" the immune response. Depending on the cytokine signals received, these cells differentiate into TH1, TH2, TH17, or one of other subsets, which secrete different cytokines.
• Memory T cells are a subset of antigen-specific T cells that persist long-term after an infection has resolved. They quickly expand to large numbers of effector T cells upon re-exposure to their cognate antigen, thus providing the immune system with "memory" against past infections. Memory T cells comprise two subtypes: central memory T cells (TCM cells) and effector memory T cells (TEM cells). Memory cells may be either CD4+ or CD8+.
• Regulatory T cells (Treg cells), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are crucial for the maintenance of immunological tolerance. Their major role is to shut down T cell-mediated immunity toward the end of an immune reaction and to suppress auto-reactive T cells that escaped the process of negative selection in the thymus. Two major classes of CD4+ regulatory T cells have been described, including the naturally occurring Treg cells and the adaptive Treg cells. Naturally occurring Treg cells (also known as CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells) arise in the thymus, whereas the adaptive Treg cells (also known as Tr1 cells or Th3 cells) may originate during a normal immune response. Naturally occurring Treg cells can be distinguished from other T cells by the presence of an intracellular molecule called FoxP3. Mutations of the FOXP3 gene can prevent regulatory T cell development, causing the fatal autoimmune disease IPEX.
• Natural Killer T cells (NKT cells) are a special kind of lymphocyte that bridges the adaptive immune system with the innate immune system. Unlike conventional T cells that recognize peptide antigen presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigen presented by a molecule called CD1d. Once activated, these cells can perform functions ascribed to both Th and Tc cells (i.e., cytokine production and release of cytolytic/cell killing molecules).
• γδ T cells represent a small subset of T cells that possess a distinct TCR on their surface. A majority of T cells have a TCR composed of two glycoprotein chains called α- and β- TCR chains. However, in γδ T cells, the TCR is made up of one γ-chain and one δ-chain. This group of T cells is much less common (5% of total T cells) than the αβ T cells, but are found at their highest abundance in the gut mucosa, within a population of lymphocytes known as intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs). The antigenic molecules that activate γδ T cells are still widely unknown. However, γδ T cells are not MHC restricted and seem to be able to recognise whole proteins rather than requiring peptides to be presented by MHC molecules on antigen presenting cells. Some recognize MHC class IB molecules though. Human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, which constitute the major γδ T cell population in peripheral blood, are unique in that they specifically and rapidly respond to a small non-peptidic microbial metabolite, HMB-PP, an isopentenyl pyrophosphate precursor.
T cell development in the thymus
See Thymocyte for in-depth review of thymic selection
All T cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Hematopoietic progenitors derived from hematopoietic stem cells populate the thymus and expand by cell division to generate a large population of immature thymocytes.[2] The earliest thymocytes express neither CD4 nor CD8, and are therefore classed as double-negative (CD4-CD8-) cells. As they progress through their development they become double-positive thymocytes (CD4+CD8+), and finally mature to single-positive (CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+) thymocytes that are then released from the thymus to peripheral tissues.
About 98% of thymocytes die during the development processes in the thymus by failing either positive selection or negative selection, whereas the other 2% survive and leave the thymus to become mature immunocompetent T cells.
Positive selection
Double-positive thymocytes move deep into the thymic cortex where they are presented with self-antigens (i.e., antigens that are derived from molecules belonging to the host of the T cell) complexed with MHC molecules on the surface of cortical epithelial cells. Only those thymocytes that bind the MHC/antigen complex with adequate affinity will receive a vital "survival signal." Developing thymocytes that do not have adequate affinity cannot serve useful functions in the body; the cells must be able to interact with MHC and peptide complexes in order to effect immune responses. Therefore, the other thymocytes with low affinity die by apoptosis (programmed cell death), and their remains are engulfed by macrophages. This process is called positive selection.
Whether a thymocyte becomes a CD4+ cell or a CD8+ cell is also determined during positive selection. Double-positive cells that are positively selected on MHC class II molecules will become CD4+ cells, and cells positively selected on MHC class I molecules become CD8+ cells.
Note that this process does not remove from the population thymocytes that would cause autoimmunity or a reaction with one's own cells. The removal of such cells is dealt with by negative selection, which is discussed below.
Negative selection
Thymocytes that survive positive selection migrate towards the boundary of the thymic cortex and thymic medulla. While in the medulla, they are again presented with self-antigen in complex with MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and macrophages. Thymocytes that interact too strongly with the antigen receive an apoptosis signal that causes their death; the vast majority of all thymocytes initially produced end up dying during thymic selection. A small minority of the surviving cells is selected to become regulatory T cells. The remaining cells will then exit the thymus as mature naive T cells. This process is called negative selection, an important mechanism of immunological tolerance that prevents the formation of self-reactive T cells capable of generating autoimmune disease in the host.
T cell activation
Although the specific mechanisms of activation vary slightly between different types of T cells, the "two-signal model" in CD4+ T cells holds true for most. Activation of CD4+ T cells occurs through the engagement of both the T cell receptor and CD28 on the T cell by the Major histocompatibility complex peptide and B7 family members on the APC, respectively. Both are required for production of an effective immune response; in the absence of CD28 co-stimulation, T cell receptor signalling alone results in anergy. The signalling pathways downstream from both CD28 and the T cell receptor involve many proteins.
The first signal is provided by binding of the T cell receptor to a short peptide presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on another cell. This ensures that only a T cell with a TCR specific to that peptide is activated. The partner cell is usually a professional antigen presenting cell (APC), usually a dendritic cell in the case of naïve responses, although B cells and macrophages can be important APCs. The peptides presented to CD8+ T cells by MHC class I molecules are 8-9 amino acids in length; the peptides presented to CD4+ cells by MHC class II molecules are longer, as the ends of the binding cleft of the MHC class II molecule are open.
The second signal comes from co-stimulation, in which surface receptors on the APC are induced by a relatively small number of stimuli, usually products of pathogens, but sometimes breakdown products of cells, such as necrotic-bodies or heat-shock proteins. The only co-stimulatory receptor expressed constitutively by naïve T cells is CD28, so co-stimulation for these cells comes from the CD80 and CD86 proteins on the APC. Other receptors are expressed upon activation of the T cell, such as OX40 and ICOS, but these largely depend upon CD28 for their expression. The second signal licenses the T cell to respond to an antigen. Without it, the T cell becomes anergic, and it becomes more difficult for it to activate in future. This mechanism prevents inappropriate responses to self, as self-peptides will not usually be presented with suitable co-stimulation.
The T cell receptor exists as a complex of several proteins. The actual T cell receptor is composed of two separate peptide chains, which are produced from the independent T cell receptor alpha and beta (TCRα and TCRβ) genes. The other proteins in the complex are the CD3 proteins: CD3εγ and CD3εδ heterodimers and, most important, a CD3ζ homodimer, which has a total of six ITAM motifs. The ITAM motifs on the CD3ζ can be phosphorylated by Lck and in turn recruit ZAP-70. Lck and/or ZAP-70 can also phosphorylate the tyrosines on many other molecules, not least CD28, Trim, LAT and SLP-76, which allows the aggregation of signalling complexes around these proteins.
Phosphorylated LAT recruits SLP-76 to the membrane, where it can then bring in PLCγ, VAV1, Itk and potentially PI3K. Both PLCγ and PI3K act on PI(4,5)P2 on the inner leaflet of the membrane to create the active intermediaries di-acyl glycerol (DAG), inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), and phosphatidlyinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). DAG binds and activates some PKCs, most important, in T cells PKCθ, a process important for activating the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. IP3 is released from the membrane by PLCγ and diffuses rapidly to activate receptors on the ER, which induce the release of calcium. The released calcium then activates calcineurin, and calcineurin activates NFAT, which then translocates to the nucleus. NFAT is a transcription factor, which activates the transcription of a pleiotropic set of genes, most notable, IL-2, a cytokine that promotes long term proliferation of activated T cells.
T cell Maturation
Maturation of T Cells in the Thymus
The first step is the rearrangement of the variable, joining, and constant region genes of the chain of the T cell antigen receptor in a way very similar to that of heavy chain rearrangement needed for immunoglobulin synthesis. In fact, the same enzymes are used for both.
Production of a functional TCR chain, signals expression of both CD4 and CD8 on the cell surface. This induces the genetic rearrangements needed to produce a functional TCR chain and an increase in TCR membrane expression. CD3 is then expressed, which produces a functional TCR complex (to be described later).
At this point, some of the T cells stop making CD8, so only CD4 remains on their cell membrane. The others undergo the reverse process, so they express only CD8. T cells then learn to not attack self tissues and to respond to antigen only if it is associated with a self histocompatibility antigen. This requires two steps:
• First, the immature, but CD4 or CD8 positive T cells are exposed to cells in the thymus, which have class I and class II histocompatibility antigens on them. T cells which are able to bind to one or the other of these antigens are protected, whereas the others die.
• Second, the cells that survive the above selection process are exposed to self antigens that have been taken up and associated with either class I or class II MHC antigen. Those that bind at this stage die (actually they commit suicide, called apoptosis).
The cells that survive are those that recognize non-self antigens associated with MHC antigens. After a little more maturation, they exit the thymus to perform their role in immune responses.
See also
References
1. An integrated view of suppressor T cell subsets in immunoregulation.
2. Schwarz BA, Bhandoola A. Trafficking from the bone marrow to the thymus: a prerequisite for thymopoiesis. Immunol Rev 209:47, 2006. full text
External links
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
8647.0 - Gambling Industries, Australia, Preliminary, 1997-98
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 08/04/1999
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
INTRODUCTION
Data in this publication are from a survey of employing businesses classified to the following Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC) classes:
• Class 5720-Pubs, taverns and bars
• Class 5740-Clubs (hospitality)
• Class 9321-Lotteries
• Class 9322-Casinos
• Class 9329-Gambling services n.e.c.
which derived some part of their income, in the form of takings or commissions, from the provision of gambling services. Businesses such as newsagencies, which may also be involved in the provision of gambling services through the sale of lottery and lotto tickets, were excluded from the survey. Similarly non-employing gambling businesses, e.g. some bookmakers, were also excluded from the survey. The businesses excluded from the survey are not significant in terms of gambling activity.
The data presented, including employment, are in respect of the whole business, irrespective of whether the provision of gambling services was the predominant activity of the business, as is the case for businesses such as TABs, lotteries and casinos, or a minor activity, as may be the situation for businesses such as pubs and clubs.
The main aggregates presented in this publication are net takings from gambling and commissions from gambling. Net takings from gambling represent gross gambling income minus the payments of prize money and winnings. Commissions from gambling may be received by businesses for acting as agents in the sale of lottery and lotto type tickets; as agents for TAB totalisators; and in some States for providing the venue for the operation of poker/gaming machines owned by another business.
The data in this publication have been presented in three ways.
Table 1 presents net takings from gambling by type of gambling activity and the venue of the activity. For example, net takings from poker/gaming machines are allocated to where the machines were located, regardless of the industry of the operator of the machines.
Table 2 presents data by industry. Businesses have been allocated to a single ANZSIC class industry based on their predominant activity and all their activities are allocated to that industry.
Finally, table 3 presents key aggregates for businesses providing gambling services by State and Territory. The data have been compiled on the basis of where the business operates (see paragraph 5 of the Explanatory Notes). It should be noted that the net takings from gambling of a business in a particular State or Territory are not necessarily sourced from residents of that State. For example, while businesses operating lotteries, lotto's, football pools etc. generally operate from one State, they may have sales, usually through agencies, throughout Australia.
NUMBER OF BUSINESSES
At the end of June 1998, there were 6,986 employing businesses in the selected hospitality and gambling industries (see paragraph 3 of the Explanatory Notes) which were involved directly in the provision of gambling services.
The 6,986 businesses in these industries represented an increase of 7% since June 1995. The number of pubs, taverns and bars deriving income from the provision of gambling services increased by 20% (from 2,327 to 2,785) over the period while the number of clubs involved in the provision of gambling services increased 13% (from 2,144 to 2,419 businesses). On a regional basis the largest increases occurred in South Australia (47%) and Tasmania (29%).
NET TAKINGS FROM GAMBLING
In spite of the small increase in the number of businesses providing gambling services, the net takings from gambling has increased by 41% since 1994-95 to $11,067 million. This increase represented a growth rate of 12% per annum over the period.
Poker/gaming machines were the major source of net takings from gambling in 1997-98, accounting for $6,371 million (an increase of 61% since 1994-95), which represents an increase of 17% per annum over the three-year period. Poker/gaming machines accounted for 58% of total net takings from gambling in 1997-98 compared with 51% in 1994-95. While the net takings from poker/gaming machines for 1997-98 was highest in clubs ($3,432 million), the greatest increase in poker/gaming machine net takings since 1994-95 has occurred in casinos (104% increase) and pubs, taverns and bars (126% increase). The latter reflected the changed legislation in some States in respect of the operation of poker/gaming
machines at clubs, pubs, taverns and bars.
The other major sources of net takings from gambling were:
• $1,603 million net takings from lotteries, lotto style games, football pools, instant money sales and club keno. While these 1997-98 net takings have increased by 19% since 1994-95, their contribution to total net takings from gambling has decreased from 17% in 1994-95 to 15% in 1997-98.
• $1,559 million net takings from on-course totalisator sales and off-course TAB sales. The net takings from this source have increased by 7% since 1994-95 but the proportion of the total net takings from gambling has decreased from 19% in 1994-95 to 14% in 1997-98.
• $1,432 million net takings from casino table games. These net takings have increased by 41% since 1994-95 and their contribution to total net takings from gambling has remained the same at 13%.
TABLE 1: NET TAKINGS FROM GAMBLING, BY TYPE OF GAMBLING AND VENUE
Net takings from gambling
1994-95
1997-98
Type of gambling and venue
$m
%
$m
%
Poker/gaming machines
Clubs
r2 621.0
33.4
3 431.8
31.0
Pubs, taverns and bars
r990.3
12.6
2 239.1
20.2
Casinos
343.6
4.4
700.1
6.3
Total
r3 954.9
50.5
6371.1
57.6
On-course totalisator and off-course TAB
r1456.8
18.6
1 559.1
14.1
On-course and off-course bookmakers
44.2
0.6
69.0
0.6
Lotteries, lotto style games, football pools, instant money and club keno
1 344.6
17.2
1 602.6
14.5
Casino keno
25.5
0.3
33.4
0.3
Casino gaming tables
1 012.7
12.9
1 431.6
12.9
Total
r7 838.7
100.0
11 066.8
100.0
r revised
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
When you have shares in a startup, what happens if the startup runs out of money, has debt and bankrupts?
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4 Answers
up vote 4 down vote accepted
You have a pretty certificate that shows the number of shares you have that you can show your friends :-).
In other words, you lost your investment in the startup whether it was money or work. Game over, time to find something else.
In more details though, it's like any bankruptcy. The debtors of the corporations get to divide amongst them any assets the corporation has, including IP. If after the debtors are paid, there's anything left, it's divided amongst the shareholder based on their stock ownership. In the case you described, there's probably not going to be anything left over.
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This is not legal advice and I am not a legal professional. The answer would also vary depending on where the business is located.
It sounds like you are in a company structure since you have shares. My understanding is that directors and shareholders in a company only lose the startup/investment capital you have put in. Generally shareholders are paid any remaining money after all other debts have been paid, (depending on the type of shareholding.) Directors are paid last. (This is relevant for Australia, but I think it is similar elsewhere.)
If you are a sole trader, or not in a legal structure, you would be liable for all the debts.
Since you probably won't be able to sell your IP, you need to make a decision about what happens with that.
If you are worried about debts and liability, the best thing you can do is to go and talk to your lawyer and accountant as soon as you can.
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I am not as lawyer but I think the answer is it really depends. It depends if the shareholder personally guaranteed everything. It depends if the corporate records were maintained properly so that the collectors can not pierce the corporate shield. It also depends upon your state laws.
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Best case scenario is that you just walk away.
Other worse scenarios (for the shareholders/executives) may be that they are liable for things like payroll and other expenses.
I think much depends on where you are incorporated and as someone else pointed out, how you operated the venture.
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
It is of course best to only bite off what you can chew. And many workaholics are accomplishing just as much as someone who puts in half the hours. But! If you find yourself in a long-term all-work-and-no-play situation, what physical and mental risks do you face and how can you best mitigate them?
I'm on my second large business start-up. When my partners and I on the verge of mental and physical breakdown, we say "holy karoshi!" making light of the Japanese term, "death from overwork." But sometimes it seriously feels like we risk that. Please give specific advice. Meditation, exercise, etc. are of course acceptable answers...hopefully, however, an empathic and experienced soul has some deep thought to offer here.
Thanks!
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3 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
The first way to mitigate the risk of burnout from overwork is to, wait for it, NOT OVERWORK! :) Seriously, everyone has a different work/play balance. I find much of what I do, because I love it, part-work, part-play, so I can take on more "work" than most. Find what yours is. Can you work a 40hr, 60hr, 80hr, 100hr week? With that in mind, I set fixed blocks of time for work, and fixed blocks of time for play. And, there has to be a CRITICAL reason to deviate. Furthermore, if I must borrow time in one block, I make sure it gets moved to another area.
Secondarily to that, managing a hectic, entrepreneurial life is all about disciplined organization, after you've circumscribed your time. For that, I use a personal combination of ideas from Scrum, and from GTD, to make sure I know what I am on, what's coming and, most importantly, what I can commit to within my allotted block. That reduces the stress level immensely. IMO, stress, which leads to health and mental issues, comes more from seeing the looming pile of demands, feeling like you must commit to it yesterday, and then don't deliver.
I call it "Block And Tackle". It works very well for me.
Lastly, you have to differentiate from stress from spikes/events in the business, and from not managing your day-to-day properly. The former is acute and unpredictable; you only weather it by positive attitude. The latter is much more fixable and much more important to fix. As an analogy, the body can take one night without sleep, but can't take not-quite-enough sleep on an ongoing basis. Of course, a week of sleep deprivation will definitely kill you! :)
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I had to pass trough 3 burnouts to understand what was wrong with me.
Because there is no general advice on how to handle your problems. The symptoms you have can have so many reasons as the origin. Human being is very creative. You have to find out by yourself or with some external help.
However there is a general advice I can give you to identify there is a problem. To identify because it's too late (burnout or worse).
Listen to your body
Pain in any forms (physical, stress, depression, ...) is a signal your body is sending to you. Ignoring those signals can have lot of bad consequences on both your general health and your startup. Your startup needs you completely operational.
When you car produce a strange noise, you ask to the specialist at the garage right? You brain is producing some noise right now. Ask a specialist.
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I would suggest looking at how you can restructure your business so that the work pressures are less, can you tell us more about your startup. the four hour work week has some good advice on this
Doing things like
1. Schedule time for family and friends
2. exercise is very important as it will help stop your system getting run down from being in a constantly stressed state
3. Getting a masseuse to come to your work (my personal favorite)
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Is my own made website automatically copyrighted or do I have to register it some where? For example if someone copies my content how can I claim it it was myself? How can I open a case ?
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4 Answers
1. Today a work of authorship is automatically copyrighted to its creator at the time it is made. Strictly speaking, you don't need to do anything to obtain copyright on your own creative work. But note, knowing that you're right, and proving that you're right in a court of law are two different things.
2. However, you must still display proper copyright notices ("Copyright © 2011 YourCompany") in the HTML, CSS etc, and in the user-visible web page footer. The reason is to be informative and communicative towards other people, so that they know the website is isn't in the public domain, and don't accidentally infringe on your rights.
3. Using a 3rd party version control service -- hosted Subversion, hosted Git, or whatever (Unfuddle, Fogbugz & Kiln, Github, etc) is a great aid if you should ever need to prove that you created the website yourself. The log of all your source code checkins, with timestamps and user IDs, from a 3rd party system which you cannot manipulate, is great evidence to have.
4. Lastly, when you make a deal with a graphics guy or any other consultant to help you build the website, keep the paper trail. Again, a paper trail of contracts regarding creating website logos, creating graphics etc is good evidence to have, should you ever need to prove ownership. If you're using some sort of electronic marketplace (ODesk, Rent A Coder etc) then that's no problem, just keep the transaction history & task descriptions from them.
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As soon as you put your work in a tangible form, it's copyrighted.
You have to either send them a letter saying the infringe or have your lawyer do it.
Check out http://www.copyright.gov/ for more information, if you website is in the US.
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Assuming that you are in the US, in theory you own the copyright to everything you make automagically, but to actually enforce your copyright through a lawsuit you must first register it.
So if you plan to sue people for copying your website you do have to register it, although you do own the copyright to it even if you don't register.
Read: http://www.copyright.gov/help/faq/faq-general.html
Registration is $35: http://www.copyright.gov/eco/
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You need to make sure people know that you are claiming copyright. You do this with "(c) copyright your name 2010 - 2011)" or something like that.
To open a case I recommend you to ask you lawyer. It is very complicated: some might take your content and cite it and it is ok. Some content might be so common, that you can't prove it is yours (for example: "An apple fell down the tree". How could I prove this is from me? Sometimes whole paragraphs are written like that).
After all I have always tried to use material on my website which is ok to be cited, copied, linked to whatever and it always worked. Even my best blog entries were not copied in a way I would had to deal with.
You could also try out a different path, if you don't like all the lawyers. Probably you want to publish content under Creative Commons: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
You could tell people they can use your content but they are not allowed to change anything and need to give you attribution. I mean, do you really want running behind people and look if they did not steal anything? I bet you would have better chances to allow them if they name you.
It all depends on the content i would say.
To summarize my answer: make a (c) notice and ask a lawer. Have in mind that different countries have different regulations, and using your content on a german server might be allowed even when it is not allowed on an US server.
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258 reputation
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bio website twitter.com/DateWill
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"Life-Hacking Serial Entrepreneur, Social Dynamics Connoisseur, and a strategist at heart"
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Connexions
Sections
You are here: Home » Content » Center of mass
About: Center of mass
Module by: Sunil Kumar Singh. E-mail the author
View the content: Center of mass
Metadata
Name: Center of mass
ID: m14119
Language: English (en)
Summary: There is a characteristic geometric point of the three dimensional body in motion, which behaves yet as a particle.
Subject: Science and Technology
Keywords: center of mass, rigid body, system of particles
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 2.0
Authors: Sunil Kumar Singh (sunilkr99@yahoo.com)
Copyright Holders: Sunil Kumar Singh (sunilkr99@yahoo.com)
Maintainers: Sunil Kumar Singh (sunilkr99@yahoo.com)
Latest version: 1.9 (history)
First publication date: Nov 24, 2006 1:40 pm -0600
Last revision to module: Sep 3, 2009 4:00 am -0500
Downloads
PDF: m14119_1.9.pdf PDF file, for viewing content offline and printing. Learn more.
EPUB: m14119_1.9.epub Electronic publication file, for viewing in handheld devices. Learn more.
XML: m14119_1.9.cnxml XML that defines the structure and contents of the module, minus any included media files. Can be reimported in the editing interface. Learn more.
Source Export ZIP: m14119_1.9.zip ZIP containing the module XML plus any included media files. Can be reimported in the editing interface. Learn more.
Version History
Version: 1.9 Sep 3, 2009 4:00 am -0500 by Sunil Kumar Singh
Changes:
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Version: 1.8 Jul 24, 2009 11:21 pm -0500 by Sunil Kumar Singh
Changes:
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Version: 1.7 Jan 10, 2009 8:59 am -0600 by Sunil Kumar Singh
Changes:
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Version: 1.6 Sep 28, 2007 9:53 pm -0500 by Sunil Kumar Singh
Changes:
R
Version: 1.5 Nov 25, 2006 3:19 am -0600 by Sunil Kumar Singh
Changes:
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Version: 1.4 Nov 25, 2006 1:27 am -0600 by Sunil Kumar Singh
Changes:
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Version: 1.3 Nov 25, 2006 1:25 am -0600 by Sunil Kumar Singh
Changes:
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Version: 1.2 Nov 25, 2006 1:08 am -0600 by Sunil Kumar Singh
Changes:
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Version: 1.1 Nov 24, 2006 4:04 pm -0600 by Sunil Kumar Singh
Changes:
New
How to Reuse and Attribute This Content
If you derive a copy of this content using a Connexions account and publish your version, proper attribution of the original work will be automatically done for you.
If you reuse this work elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license (CC-BY 2.0), you must include
• the authors' names: Sunil Singh
• the title of the work: Center of mass
• the Connexions URL where the work can be found: http://cnx.org/content/m14119/1.9/
See the citation section below for examples you can copy.
How to Cite and Attribute This Content
The following citation styles comply with the attribution requirements for the license (CC-BY 2.0) of this work:
American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guide:
Singh, S. Center of mass, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/m14119/1.9/, Sep 3, 2009.
American Medical Assocation (AMA) Manual of Style:
Singh S. Center of mass [Connexions Web site]. September 3, 2009. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/m14119/1.9/.
American Psychological Assocation (APA) Publication Manual:
Singh, S. (2009, September 3). Center of mass. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m14119/1.9/
Chicago Manual of Style (Bibliography):
Singh, Sunil. "Center of mass." Connexions. September 3, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/m14119/1.9/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Note):
Sunil Singh, "Center of mass," Connexions, September 3, 2009, http://cnx.org/content/m14119/1.9/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):
Singh, S. 2009. Center of mass. Connexions, September 3, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/m14119/1.9/.
Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:
Singh, Sunil. Center of mass. Connexions. 3 Sep. 2009 <http://cnx.org/content/m14119/1.9/>.
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Users/BevSykes
Info
Search:
I am one of the Mature Davisites and one of the newer "old timers." We moved here in 1973 and lived in West Davis. Now we live in Central Davis, though we still live in the same house. That's how big Davis has grown in the intervening years.
We raised five children here, two of whom are buried in the Davis Cemetery. At one time they were familiar figures at the Veterans Memorial Theatre because they performed with Acme Theatre Co., Davis Senior High School and with The Band Lawsuit, which was quite popular around here for about 10 years. Two of the kids performed with Davis Musical Theatre Co. in its early years. Most of our kids, at one time or another, worked at the Veterans Memorial Theatre.
My husband retired from the US Agriculture Department, and, at one time, volunteered with the Davis Comic Opera Co. as its Technical Director, before DCOC became defunct.
Work/Volunteer
Years ago, I worked for The Secretariat and the now-defunct Typing Company. I've also worked for Sutter West Women's Health and Caring for Women. Now review shows for The Davis Enterprise and volunteer, bottle feeding orphaned puppies for the Yolo County SPCA.
I can occasionally be found at the Toad Hollow Dog Park with our two dogs. I also served for two years on the board of Davis Community Network
Hobbies
I love computers and do a lot of basic (not complicated) web design. I'm also into digital photography and am currently obsessed with learning PhotoShop and video blogging
In my spare time, I do continuing battle with Davis' ever-present ants
On the Web
I have a personal web site at http://dcn.davis.ca.us/go/basykes, have kept a daily on-line journal at http://www.funnytheworld.com since March of 2000, (with the addition of a mirror site at http://airypersiflage.blogspot.com/.
A heart is not judged by how much you love; but by how much you are loved by others.
--The Wizard of Oz
You can only make a difference if you care.
--Steve Schalchlin, The Last Session
BevSykes's Statistics
Edits Pages Created Files Contributed First Edit Date Last Edit Last Page Edited
29950862004-12-07 23:08:222012-06-16 09:08:01Supercuts
Comments:
Note: You must be logged in to add comments
I'm really glad to see someone on here who's not in the 18-25 age range and is a long-term resident of Davis. Welcome! - KenjiYamada
2004-12-14 15:49:50 You didn't list "This is Spinal Tap" on your bit about the Christopher Guest movies. Another classic :) - KenNeville
2004-12-14 16:52:05 Believe it or not, I've never seen Spinal Tap. - BevSykes
2004-12-14 17:27:36 It's a good movie. There are many inside music jokes, but it's accessable, similar to Best in Show having jokes that are dog lovers or dog show jokes but also being very accessable. - JabberWokky
2004-12-27 06:51:34 Hey Bev, I love your additions to the Mount Rushmore page. It amuses me that Gary Saylin and Bob Dunning have a feud going on. Dunning has mentioned Saylin in a recent column in a reference to Saylin's letter to the Enterprise. —RobRoy
2005-01-12 08:49:25 Hey, Bev - thanks for the updates. I was curious about the GSA. Is that a statewide organization? —JabberWokky
2005-03-22 22:33:10 Thanks so much for the recommendation of Midtown Animal Clinic. A previously paralyzed mouse can walk now. :) —JabberWokky
2005-03-24 10:04:45 hi bev! did you mean for that photo to become one of the random photos? if so, I'll fix that up for you. —CarlMcCabe
2005-03-25 15:50:53 Your puppy photo is completely adorable! —PhilipNeustrom
2005-03-25 16:56:33 I added your pups photo to the photo randomizer. Great photo! —CarlMcCabe
2005-10-31 22:11:54 Come back to the wiki, we need you! And bring more older townies with you. —KenjiYamada
2005-11-01 01:25:37 wiki misses bev sykes —TravisGrathwell
2005-11-01 02:51:34 I agree, I think Bev and other non-students make some of the most valuable contributions. —MikeIvanov
2006-03-25 14:41:22 A Steve Schalchlin quote?! Wow, this is the first Last Session reference i have heard since moving out of LA. my uncle is the producer of that amazing musical. how did you come across it? —AdamGerber
2006-06-21 22:48:50 yeah, I think a better word than haunted to describe the Varsity is.. inhabited. Its not like theres anybody like trying to scare any employees or anything, but just it always feels like someone else is there, hanging out. I really love looking at old pictures of the varsity, back when lawsuit used to play there and stuff. It makes me wish I lived here (im davis) in the 90s. You should definitely come by sometime. I would love to hear some cool stories about the Varsity! —JulienBiewerElstob
2006-10-24 13:29:44 I just "rediscovered" Lawsuit's music through their website. My family went to St. James with you all and I will never forget the first time I saw Lawsuit playing at Picnic Day. When I downloaded the MP3's from the Lawsuit Graveyard website, and "North Dakotachrome" came on, I was bombarded with so many happy memories of Davis at once. "Picturebook Pretty" is one of the most joyful songs I have ever heard. My sister went to DHS with Paul and I was saddened by his loss. I just wanted to tell you that I am so glad he continues to live on through his music. I hope all is well! —AdamFlowers
2006-12-03 22:02:51 like adam (hi adam!), i grew up around the sykes kids and was a big fan of lawsuit, i just discovered the lawsuit page and bev's tribute to paul last friday. i had no idea the downtown plaza stage had a mekmorial for paul, so i went there this afternoon and remembered paul. his music got me through a lot of jr. high and high school agnst, and his concerts were truly a thing of beauty. thanks for raising him to be such a good person, bev, it's good to see you building things on the wiki. —SeanMarsh
2007-01-01 01:43:16 Thanks, both Sean and Adam, for your nice comments. —BevSykes
2007-03-16 19:10:20 Don't let problems on Recent Changes drive you away from the wiki. The community of editors that make positive contributions is much larger than the few who cause problems. It would be a shame too be without your input. —JasonAller
2007-06-21 09:57:09 Is there a way to get the Lawsuit Graveyard back up? —JamesSchwab
2011-02-16 21:45:37 It's great to see you editing again! —WilliamLewis
2011-03-18 12:44:00 I forwarded your review to Eva, wife and co-owner of the Little Prague Restaurant and hope that you will all be able to sit down and discuss this issue. I know that the Riggity Jig band will be playing again at Little Prague shortly and hope you are able to visit to see them play once again. I believe they will be playing at the Little Prague Bar (not the restaurant). —Wes-P
2011-03-18 13:03:48 Oof! What a mistake on their part! You can stay at home for food (my wife and I had lamb chops at home for St. Patrick's Day). People go out for a variety of reasons, and the band was there specifically to draw customers looking for live music and a meal. The problem is simple: they did not provide what they were advertising and that you specifically ordered well before you arrived. It's as if you ordered shepherd's pie and they brought you mashed potatoes. Best of luck in catching them in the future. —JabberWokky
2011-08-04 17:14:53 Bev's kids were (and are) the coolest, most talented people I've ever had the pleasure to have met and admire. —OldDavis73
This is a Wiki Spot wiki. Wiki Spot is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that helps communities collaborate via wikis.
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Difference between revisions of "RPi Distributions"
From eLinux.org
Jump to: navigation, search
(Comparison)
(Available Distributions)
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[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3094 Details of the FreeBSD port]
[http://www.raspberrypi.org/archives/3094 Details of the FreeBSD port]
[http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/images/freebsd/freebsd-pi-r245446/freebsd-pi-r245446.img.gz Dowload here]
[http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/images/freebsd/freebsd-pi-r245446/freebsd-pi-r245446.img.gz Dowload here]
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==SlaXBMCRPi==
+
+
SlaXBMCRPi is a minimal Linux distribution based on Slackware ARM that brings a full featured XBMC solution to your Raspberry Pi. It allow the user to exit from XBMC to the Desktop should he need to perform typical desktop tasks (browsing, text editing etc.).<br/>There are two pre-built images available:<br/>
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'''Developer:''' It is 3.2GB and contain all development packages required to compile the Linux kernel, XBMC and other XBMC related (or not) packages<br/>
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'''Minimal:''' It is 1.8GB and contain only the packages required to run XBMC. (Does not include firefox and other GUI apps)<br/>
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*[http://slaxbmc.blogspot.co.uk/ Main Site]<br/>
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*[http://slackware.org.uk/slaxbmc/14.0/slaxbmcrpi-14.0-developer.img.xz Developer Image]<br/>
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*[http://slackware.org.uk/slaxbmc/14.0/slaxbmcrpi-14.0-minimal.img.xz Minimal Image]<br/>
+
*[http://slackware.org.uk/slaxbmc/14.0/slaxbmcrpi-14.0/ Manual Installation Packages]<br/>
+
*[http://slackware.org.uk/slaxbmc/14.0/slaxbmcsrc-14.0/sourcerpi/ Source Code]<br/>
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*[http://slackware.org.uk/slaxbmc/14.0/slaxbmcrpi-14.0/INSTALL.TXT Installation Instructions (Windows/Linux)]<br/>
=Announced distributions=
=Announced distributions=
Revision as of 18:02, 22 March 2013
Contents
Back to the Hub.
Software & Distributions:
Software - an overview.
Distributions - operating systems and development environments for the Pi.
Kernel Compilation - advice on compiling a kernel.
Performance - measures of the Pi's performance.
Programming - programming languages that might be used on the Pi.
Available Distributions
What is armhf
The official Debian Squeeze image issued by the Raspberry Pi foundation uses "soft float" settings. The foundation found it necessary to use the existing Debian port for less capable ARM devices due to time and resource constraints during development of the Raspberry Pi. Therefore, it does not make use of the Pi's processor's floating point hardware - reducing the Pi's performance during floating point intensive applications - or the advanced instructions of the ARMv6 CPU.
The official Raspberry Pi distributions are now optimized for ARMV6 and for "hard float" which should have better performance on certain CPU intensive tasks.
There are some info on the news groups that "hard float" optimization can speed up floating point operating up to 10x, please read detailed discussion on Raspberry Pi forums - http://www.raspberrypi.org/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?p=61497#p61497
Comparison
Operating Systems for Raspberry Pi models A and B
Distribution Latest First Type License Memory footprint armhf Image/Installer Packages Username:Password default GUI
Kali 2013-03-11 2013-03-11 Linux ? ? No image ? root:toor XFCE4
Arch Linux ARM 2013-01-22 2012-03-01 Linux OSI GPLv2 Yes raw image 4,604 root:root none
BerryTerminal 2013-01-07 (beta) 2012-06-02 Linux No Image N/A ltsp
Bodhi Linux 2013-01-25 (raspbian/wheezy) 2012-06-12 (wheezy) Raspbian Core: OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) Yes img+md5sum 35,000+
ARMHF
pi/bodhilinux
(sudo su root/bodhilinux)
Enlightenment
Debian ARM 2012-04-19 (Squeeze) 2012-02-16 (Squeeze) Linux Core: OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) No raw image 20,000+ pi:raspberry ?
Fedora Remix 2013-02-11 (F18) 2012-07-07 (F14) Linux OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) Yes Fedora RPM: installer
Windows Zip: installer
Other Linux: Python script
16,464? N/A Xfce
Gentoo Linux 2013-02-07 2012-04-27 Linux GPLv2 ~23 MiB Yes Wiki article Quick Install Guide
stage3 tarball
N/A
IPFire 2012-06-27 (2.11) 2012-06-27 (2.11) Linux Open Source ~20 MiB No raw image (404 error from their own website) 144 N/A none
Meego MER + XBMC 2012-04-27 (0.2) 2012-04-11 (0.1) Linux (embedded) OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) ~34 MiB + XBMC No ~320 (core) N/A XBMC
Moebius 2012-09-11 (1.0.1) 2012-08-01 (1.0.0) Raspbian (GPLv2) ~20 MiB Yes Raw Image (core) + Raspbian Repositories root: raspi none
openSUSE 2012-10-16 2012-07-30 Linux 3.1 OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) 279 MiB (inc. X11) No raw image 5000 root:linux icewm via startx
OpenWRT 2012-10-23 2012-08-15 Linux OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) 3,3MiB No Image Packages first login with telnet
set your SSH pw
LuCI
PiBang Linux 2013-03-09 2012-10-29 Linux Core: OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) Yes Latest image (user created at first boot) Openbox,i3wm
PwnPi 2012-06-29 (Squeeze) 2012-05-26 (Squeeze) Linux GNU General Public License version 3.0 No Image 20,000+ root:toor xfce
QtonPi 2012-05-27 (0.2) 2012-05-07 (0.1) Linux No qt 5 sdk + sdcard image root:rootme
qtonpi:qtonpi
?
Raspbian 2013-02-09 2012-05-28 (Wheezy) Linux Core: OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) ~30 MiB w/o desktop Yes pi image list
qemu image
35,000+ root:hexxeh
root:raspbian
pi:raspberry
LXDE Openbox
OpenELEC 2013-03-12 (3.0 RC 5) 2012-05-10 Linux 3.6.11 (embedded) OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) 85 MiB (inc. XBMC) Yes install instructions
build instructions - part 1
build instructions - part 2
official builds
raw image (unofficial)
~140 (+ 7 via xbmc) root:openelec
(ssh only)
XBMC-PVR
XBian 1.0 Alpha 5 2013-02-20 2012-07-29 Raspbian OSI mixed (GPLv2 BSD etc) Yes Windows installer
Latest images
Install instructions
35,000+ xbian:raspberry XBMC
raspbmc 2013-02-22 2012-06-30 (Squeeze) Raspbian custom Yes linux installer
windows installer
20,000+ pi:raspberry XBMC
RISC OS 2012-11-01 (5.19 RC6) 2012-07-09 (5.19) RISC OS Shared Source No Latest official image
(not applicable) RISC OS WIMP
SliTaz 2012-12-14 (cooking) 2012-05-29 (4.0) Linux 3.2.27 GPLv2 ~10 MiB Yes raw image Packages root:root Openbox ?
Aros hosted on Raspbian Limited Demo 2012-06-14 2012 Mixed Debian6 and Aros Mixed - GPLv2 and APL (MPL derivative) <~50 MiB No Binaries and run ./where/ever/AEROS/boot/AROSbootstrap pi:raspberry Aros Wanderer
Plan9 2012-12-19 2012-11-12 Plan 9 Lucent No raw image Rio
SlaXBMCRPi 2013-02-19 [14.0] 2013-02-19 [14.0] Linux 3.6.11+ OSI mixed (GPLv2, GPLv3, BSD etc.) No Raw Image (Developer)
Raw Image (Minimal)
Manual Installer
Install Instructions (Windows/Linux)
366
(+ Official SlackwareARM 14.0 Packages)
root:slaxbmcrpi Fluxbox
, autostart into XBMC
Android
Discuss: Forum at raspberrypi.org
Wiki & Main site
Fedora Remix
The Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix is a Linux software distribution for the Raspberry Pi computer. It contains software packages from the Fedora Project (specifically, the Fedora ARM secondary architecture project), packages which have been specifically written for or modified for the Raspberry Pi, and proprietary software provided by the Raspberry Pi Foundation for device access.
Debian (Squeeze/6.x)
http://www.debian.org/ports/arm/
Debian was the default distribution on the Alpha boards. Boot time depends on width & speed of SD-card. Alpha board boot into Debian prompt (no GUI) was timed taking about 34 seconds.
The Debian distro for Raspberry Pi is the Cambridge reference filesystem, which is a fully functional Debian Squeeze installation containing LXDE (desktop) and Midori (browser); development tools; and sample code for accessing the multimedia functionality on the device.
Arch
Arch Linux ARM is based on Arch Linux, which aims for simplicity and full control to the end user. It provides a lightweight base structure that allows you to shape the system to your needs. For this reason, the Arch Linux ARM image for the Raspberry Pi does not come with a graphical user interface, though you can easily install one yourself. Please note that the Arch distribution may not be suitable for beginners.
Arch Linux ARM is on a rolling-release cycle that can be updated daily through small packages instead of huge updates every few months.
More information is available at http://archlinuxarm.org
Raspbian
Raspberry Pi + Debian = Raspbian. A project to create a hard float port of Debian Wheezy (7.x) armhf for the Raspberry Pi. The intent of Raspbian is to bring to the Raspberry Pi user 10,000s of pre-built Debian packages specifically tuned for optimal performance on the Raspberry Pi hardware. The project is still in it's early phases, but the major push to rebuild nearly all Debian packages for the Raspberry Pi is expected to be completed by early June, 2012 (only several hundred packages remain as of June 1st). After that, efforts will focus on making Raspbian the easiest to use, most stable and best performing Linux distribution available for the Raspberry Pi.
More information is available at http://www.raspbian.org
Moebius
A very compact ARM HF debian based distribution, it fits in a 1Gb SD card, has autoresizing features to better adapt to your SD card size and uses Raspbian huge repositories for installing everything you need. A wise configuration and a small memory footprint are ideal for an headless machine or for interacting with real word I/O devices, take a look at Moebius Website
Raspbian Server Edition
It's a stripped version of Raspibian with some other packages
Red Sleeve Linux
Red Sleeve Linux is a Linux distribution that aims to bring the RHEL clone design to the ARM architecture. There are images for several ARM devices including the Raspberry Pi.
IPFire
IPFire is an Open Source firewall distribution for x86 and ARM-based systems. It turns the Raspberry Pi computer into a small router for home networks and very small businesses. As the Raspberry Pi computer comes with only one NIC, it works perfectly as a 3G router without plugging in additional hardware.
The generally small system that provides essential services for networks can be enhanced by addons which add new features to IPFire. So the system can be turned into a file server and much more.
More information is available at http://www.ipfire.org
Raspberry Pi Thin Client
Thin Client project want to create a very low price thin client over Raspberry Pi board! Microsoft RDC, Citrix ICA & VMWare View
DarkElec
None of the currently available solutions do a perfect job with running XBMC on the Pi, however OpenELEC comes by far the closest, in spite of its locked down nature.
This fork aims to remedy the very few flaws in its implementation and to focus 100% on the Pi, while also sticking to the upstream and incorporating its updates.
Features:
•Low idle CPU usage (< 15%)
•Smoother and more responsive
•Built in XBMC addons: iPlayer, custom fixed version of Demand 5, various unofficial repos
•iPlayer, 4oD, Demand 5, ITV Player, SportsDevil all fully tested+working
•Improved wifi connectivity
•Added test-connman scripts for easy wifi setup
•Added wireless_tools (iwconfig etc.)
•Added rndis_wlan wifi driver (broadcom 4320 chipset)
•Easy SD card installation script for building from source
OpenELEC
OpenELEC is an embedded operating system built specifically to run XBMC, the open source entertainment media hub. The idea behind OpenELEC is to allow people to use their Home Theatre PC (HTPC) like any other device you might have attached to your TV, like a DVD player or Sky box. Instead of having to manage a full operating system, configure it and install the packages required to turn it into a hybrid media center, OpenELEC is designed to be simple to install, manage and use, making it more like running a set-top box than a full-blown computer.
Raspbmc
Raspbmc is a minimal Linux distribution based on Debian that brings XBMC to your Raspberry Pi. This device has an excellent form factor and enough power to handle media playback, making it an ideal component in a low HTPC setup, yet delivering the same XBMC experience that can be enjoyed on much more costly platforms. Raspbmc is brought to you by the developer of the Crystalbuntu Linux Distribution, which brings XBMC and 1080p decoding to the 1st generation Apple TV.
XBian
XBian is a small, fast and lightweight media center distro for the Raspberry Pi, based on a minimal Raspbian image. It's slogan is "XBMC on raspberry pi, bleeding edge" and thus it's main focus is delivering the fastest XBMC solution for the Raspberry Pi. Thereby making most of the commercial media-center products obsolete...
Features:
• Fits on a 1GB SD card
• Low RAM usage and low CPU usage
• Very smooth UI
• Auto mount USB
• AFP support
• NFS support
• AirPlay support
• CEC support
• Lirc support
• PVR support
• Kernel 3.6.7 + a lot of modules
• Performance as the default governor
• Out of the box support for almost all wlan adapters
• User friendly configuration tool xbian-config
• Source code on git
• Large community
• Apt repo so updated was never easier!
RasPlex
What is RasPlex? RasPlex is an Entertainment Center Solution for Raspberry Pi Simply put, RasPlex lets you turn your TV into a Smart TV. Similar to the AppleTV, but completely free and open source, RasPlex is basically a set-top box. Once RasPlex is stable, it will have support for legacy console game emulation (NES, SNES, etc), as well as Plex Channels (Netflix, Crackle, Youtube, etc). RasPlex is a Plex Home Theater Client More technically stated, RasPlex is a complete port of Plex Home Theater (formerly Plex Media Center) for Raspberry Pi. RasPlex currently runs on OpenELEC for reasons of limited man power, but there is a working raspbian port that just needs some time to be brought up to speed. RasPlex was created on Gentoo linux, but that port has since been abandoned for performance reasons. We regularly merge in changes from Plex Home Theater and OpenELEC. Once things cool off a bit and we are more stable (or we get the man power), we will maintain a raspbian release as well. RasPlex is the Perfect Companion to a Plex Media Server Many people will use expensive computers as Plex Clients, or have to go through the inconvenient of plugging a computer in to their TV every time they want to use Plex. With RasPlex, just plug it in and you're media is always ready. Put one on every TV, and have your media everywhere! You can even put RasPlex on your friend's TV's, and watch your media remotely.
PwnPi
PwnPi is a Linux-based penetration testing dropbox distribution for the Raspberry Pi. It currently has 181 network security tools pre-installed to aid the penetration tester. It is built on the debian squeeze image from the raspberry pi foundation's website and uses Xfce as the window manager
ha-pi
Description This debian squeeze image created to perform "pwn plug" type of attacks using Raspberry pi. pleas look at the wiki for further details Wiki
Bodhi
Bodhi Linux is a small Linux distribution using the Enlightenment window manager and the ARM build is based on Debian.
If you hit any snags or find bugs with this image please let us know in the R_Pi section of our user forums so we can improve this release.
Alpha Release | Link Alpha Bodhi R_Pi) User/Password: bodhi/bodhi root/raspberry Beta Release | Link Beta Bodhi R_Pi User/Password: pi/bodhilinux Root: sudo su root/bodhilinux
Bodhi Linux moves ARM Branch to ARMHF Download newest Release from Sourcforge The R_Pi Bodhi build is built directly on top of Raspbian and incorporates all of their changes and improvements.
Gentoo
Gentoo Linux is a source based rolling-release distribution which emphasizes choice and flexibility. Gentoo ARM aims to be the most up to date and fastest ARM distribution available.
A Quick Start Guide exists how to install Gentoo on the Raspberry Pi.
Gentoo Section on the official Raspberry Pi forum.
Adafruit - Occidentalis v0.1
http://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-raspberry-pi-educational-linux-distro/occidentalis-v0-dot-1 Occidentalis v0.1. Rubus occidentalis is the black raspberry. It is derived from Raspbian Wheezy July 15 Made a few key changes to make it more hardware-hacker friendly!
• I2C and hardware SPI support
• I2C/SPI modules initialized on boot
... Please keep in mind, adafruit is not full time linux distro maintainers - we will try to fix any bugs we find but this distro is not for beginners or people who are new to linux!
RISC OS
RISC OS is a fast and lightweight computer operating system designed in Cambridge, England by Acorn. First released in 1987, its origins can be traced back to the original team that developed the ARM microprocessor. RISC OS includes BBC BASIC which was primarily conceived to teach programming skills as part of the BBC computer literacy project.
PiBang Linux
PiBang linux is a Raspbian based distribution. PiBang is inspired by Crunchbang Linux, an i686 and x86_68 Debian based distribution. It comes preconfigured with many helpful scripts and pipemenus as well as a fork of Raspi-config with increases functions such as support for changing the user and hostname. PiBang is also one of the heavier Rasperry Pi distributions boasting a complete package set with favorites such as Abiword, OMXPlayer, GIMP, and VLC all pre-installed.
http://www.pibanglinux.org
Plan 9
Plan 9 is a distributed operating system originally designed and implemented by Ken Thompson, Rob Pike, Dave Presotto, and Phil Winterbottom @ Bell Labs. It is a lean operating system that has been ported to super computers such as IBM's Blue Gene down to tiny boards such the RaspberryPi.
NetBSD
NetBSD is an operating system based off 4.3BSD and is geared towards embedded systems. There has been an unofficial public release here comments about the release here
FreeBSD
Details of the FreeBSD port Dowload here
SlaXBMCRPi
SlaXBMCRPi is a minimal Linux distribution based on Slackware ARM that brings a full featured XBMC solution to your Raspberry Pi. It allow the user to exit from XBMC to the Desktop should he need to perform typical desktop tasks (browsing, text editing etc.).
There are two pre-built images available:
Developer: It is 3.2GB and contain all development packages required to compile the Linux kernel, XBMC and other XBMC related (or not) packages
Minimal: It is 1.8GB and contain only the packages required to run XBMC. (Does not include firefox and other GUI apps)
Announced distributions
The following distributions have been announced and may have been publicly demonstrated but distributions are not generally available quite yet.
Chromium OS
Details about the work Chromium OS is Google own version of linux os
KidsRuby
KidsRuby is what it sounds like – a Ruby for kids – and it’s running beautifully on the Raspberry Pi. This is exactly the sort of application we want to see on the device, and we’re really pleased to see it up and running. It looks like there will be some optimisation for speed before we launch, but what’s there already is very useable.
R.Pi blog entry: http://www.raspberrypi.org/2011/09/kidsruby-on-raspberry-pi-another-video-demo/ More info & Video: http://confreaks.net/videos/637-gogaruco2011-kidsruby-think-of-the-children?player=html5
Meego MER & XBMC
The MeeGo MER project provides a Linux-based, open source software platform for the next generation of computing devices. The MeeGo MER software platform is designed to give developers the broadest range of device segments to target for their applications, including netbooks, handheld computing and communications devices, in-vehicle infotainment devices, smart TVs, tablets and more – all using a uniform set of APIs based on Qt. XBMC is an award-winning free and open source (GPL) software media player and entertainment hub for digital media. Meego TV 1.2 uses XBMC as a reference GUI (that is, a starting point for creating a custom GUI).
Puppy
Puppy Linux is designed to be a small tiny Linux distribution (<100MB). One distro version of Puppy for ARM is SAP6 Debian6 armel binaries and another PuppiPlan all under the Puppy initiative. Puppy Linux is going back to his roots. Designed to run from 256MB ram. Making every bit count. Join the Puppy geek adventure for 2012. Woof Woof
OpenWrt
OpenWrt is described as a Linux distribution for embedded devices. The Rpi is now supported by the Attitude Adjustment (12.09-beta) release available here:
http://downloads.openwrt.org/attitude_adjustment/12.09-beta/brcm2708/generic/
OpenWrt Wiki for R_pi http://wiki.openwrt.org/toh/raspberry_pi
Related links:
RPi-Buildroot
RPi-Buildroot is a set of Makefiles and patches that make it easy to generate a complete customized embedded Linux system for your Raspberry Pi. This distro is based on Buildroot so it's perfect for somebody looking to build a trimmed down or task-specific system.
Please note that this distro is intended for advanced users.
Aros Hosted on Linux
Aros is an open source Amiga like operating system (OS) at the api level. This version runs as a task under Linux to take advantage of the drivers available inside the GNU Linux OS core.
Related links
Other Distributions
These are other popular distributions that are often asked about for Raspberry Pi but are not available.
GeeXboX ARM
GeeXboX is a free and Open Source Media-Center purposed Linux distribution for embedded devices and desktop computers. GeeXboX is not an application, it’s a full-featured OS, that one can boot as a LiveCD, from a USB key, an SD/MMC card or install on its regular HDD. The GeeXboX distribution is lightweight and designed for one single goal: embed all major multimedia applications as to turn your computer into an HTPC.
http://www.geexbox.org/category/arm/
Ubuntu
Ubuntu was initially planned to be the default distribution, but the current version of Ubuntu only supports ARMv7 onwards, not the ARMv6 architecture used by the Raspberry Pi's processor. Therefore Ubuntu does not work on Raspberry Pi, and there is no further information about this changing in the near future.
A bug report on this subject was submitted to Ubuntu's bug tracker. The responses to that bug include an unofficial viewpoint from a Canonical employee, outlining the amount of work required to support ARMv6 (and therefore, potentially, Raspberry Pi). See Bug 848154
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/ARM
References
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CarmarthenshireEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Wales Carmarthenshire
Historic Carmarthenshire
Carmarthenshire (Welsh: Sir Gaerfyrddin) was one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales. It was a maritime county, bounded to the south by the Bristol Channel, to the west by Pembrokeshire, to the north by Cardiganshire, and to the east by Breconshire and Glamorgan.
The administrative county of Carmarthenshire, with an elected county council, was created in 1889 by the Local Government Act 1888. The county was governed by an elected county council, who took over the functions of the Quarter Sessions courts. The county town was Carmarthen and other main towns were Llanelli and Ammanford.
Chapman Code: CMN
1974-1996 Dyfed
Under the Local Government Act 1972, the county and administrative county of Carmarthenshire were abolished, for both local government and ceremonial purposes, on April 1, 1974. Carmarthenshire became part of the newly formed county of Dyfed covering the whole of west Wales, with Carmarthen retaining its status as county town. |}
Modern Carmarthenshire
Following further local government reorganisation, the county of Dyfed was abolished on April 1, 1996 and the present-day county of Carmarthenshire was created. This covers substantially the same area as the historic county of Carmarthenshire. However, in 2003, the community of Clunderwen was transferred to neighbouring Pembrokeshire. The county town is Carmarthen.
Topics
Jurisdictions
• Hamlet
• Parish: an area of varying size under the responsibility of a clergyman of the Church of England/Church in Wales
• Hundred: an administrative subdivision of a county, usually a group of two or more parishes
• Sub-district: comprised of more than one civil parish
• Registration District
• Poor Law Union
• Archdeaconry
• Diocese
• County
Parishes
See a list of the parishes in Carmarthenshire with links to their pages.
Did You Know?
• Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin (English: The Black Book of Carmarthen), written circa 1250, is thought to be the earliest surviving manuscript written in the Welsh language. The book contains a collection of poetry and is now held at the National Museum at Aberystwyth.
• Dylan Thomas wrote many of his major works in the Boathouse in Laugharne, set into a cliff overlooking the Tâf Estuary.
Useful websites
more Carmarthenshire websites ...
Things you can do
• Visit the National Botanic Garden of Wales at Llanarthne in the Tywi Valley.
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
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• This page was last modified on 26 February 2013, at 23:13.
• This page has been accessed 1,902 times.
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Charleston, New YorkEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
United States New York Montgomery CountyTown of Charleston
Contents
Resources
Church Records
Repositories
Archives, Libraries and Museums
Societies
Charleston Historical Society
2173 State Highway 162
Esperance, New York 12066-1712
Town Clerk
Charleston Town Clerk
1974 State Highway 162
Sprakers, New York 12166
Phone: 518-922-5190 (home) 518-922-7661 (office)
Town Historian
Charleston Town Historian
741 Corbin Hill Road
Esperance, New York 12066
PHone: 518-922-5867 (home) 518-475-0291
Town Records
To locate additional published and transcribed records for Charleston, New York check:
• Gordon L. Remington, New York Towns, Villages, and Cities: A Guide to Genealogical Sources (Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2002). American Ancestors online edition; At various libraries (WorldCat); FHL Book 974.7 D27r. Alphabetical list including date founded, if a town history exists, church and cemetery sources, and if a Civil War register (TCR) exists. The codes used under Church and Cemetery are defined in the link above the listing of towns, cities and villages.
Vital Records
Birth
Marriage
References
Places
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You're invited to explain your rating on the discussion page (you must be signed in).
• This page was last modified on 17 January 2012, at 23:14.
• This page has been accessed 276 times.
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Grace Episcopal Cemetery, Elkridge, Howard County, MarylandEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Latitude 39° 12' 51" N, Longitude 076° 42' 36" W; GNIS ID No. 1709167
ADC Map and Coordinates: 4937 - G6
Partial inventories of this cemetery are listed on Find-A-Grave.com and USGenWeb.
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• This page was last modified on 11 February 2011, at 15:08.
• This page has been accessed 178 times.
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The CC team at OSAF: Nathan Yergler, Francesca Rodriquez, Mike Linksvayer, Neeru Paharia, Glenn Otis Brown, James Grimmelmann, and Matt Haughey.
Creative Commons has just moved into the Open Source Application Foundation space in San Francisco. Thanks for letting our team share the space with you Mitch. CC and OSAF together does make a lot of sense. I look forward to dropping by soon.
About this Archive
This page is an archive of recent entries in the Business and the Economy category.
Books is the previous category.
Computer and Network Risks is the next category.
Find recent content on the main index.
Monthly Archives
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I flew from Tokyo to San Francisco yesterday. I did a lot of work on the plane, started reading The Botany of Desire by Michael Pollan that Howard recommended and arrived in San Francisco around 9AM. I checked in, took a shower and headed off for meetings. I had 7 1/2 meeting or so in Redwood City, Mountain View, Palo Alto and San Francisco. Then I went to the CC Salon, met all of the wonderful people, listened to Jim, John and Heather make their presentations and did a short blurb myself. When I got back to the hotel, I did some more work, played some Warcraft and then went to the pool at midnight and swam. I got up at 6AM, stretched and meditated. Then, feeling like a TV shopping commercial, I worked out with my Portal Gym for 30 minutes. I ordered a salad and a blueberry, soy milk and banana smoothie from room service, packed and headed to the airport.
Now I'm sitting in the airport lounge feeling more energetic than I can remember ever feeling. I'm also euphoric and happy.
I'm not posting this to boast... although I guess it is a bit boastful. I'm posting this in response to people who have been telling me that I won't have enough energy on a Vegan, no-oil diet. I'm also posting this in response to people warning me that I'm losing weight too fast. Bullocks. I admit that there is some possibility that there is something unhealthy that is going on in my body that I can't sense, but overall, I have become more sensitive about what my body wants than I've ever been in my life.
I'm not trying to convince everyone to do this lifestyle change that I am experimenting with. However, I do urge people not to try to talk people out of it. Words of discouragement can weigh heavy on the initial motivation required to get going, and at least for me, this is the best decision I've made in a long long time.
About this Archive
This page is an archive of recent entries in the Business and the Economy category.
Books is the previous category.
Computer and Network Risks is the next category.
Find recent content on the main index.
Monthly Archives
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[maemo-developers] [maemo-developers] Cairo performance comparison, 770 / N800 / PXA-320
From: Kalle Vahlman kalle.vahlman at gmail.com
Date: Sun Jan 14 09:30:41 EET 2007
2007/1/14, Koen Kooi <koen at dominion.kabel.utwente.nl>:
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
>
> Siarhei Siamashka schreef:
> > On Saturday 13 January 2007 21:00, Kalle Vahlman wrote:
>
> > As for optimizing code for ARM (targeting Nokia 770), there are a few things
> > that are slow (maybe this list is still incomplete):
> > 1. Floating point math is slow without vfp (cairo contains a lot of fp math)
>
> Actually not very much if you build it with --disable-some-floatingpoint
I didn't (had forgot about the whole flag :), but will do (should be
interesting).
--
Kalle Vahlman, zuh at iki.fi
Powered by http://movial.fi
Interesting stuff at http://syslog.movial.fi
More information about the maemo-developers mailing list
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Show Photo
Wisma Dang Wangi is located at No. 38 Jalan Dang Wangi, 50100 Kuala Lumpur. Wisma Dang Wangi is on Dang Wangi, J; is near Kamunting, J; is near Doraisamy, J; is near Munshi Abdullah, J; is near Raja Abdullah, J; is near Bunus 6, J; is near Yap Ah Shak, J; is near E12 Akleh (ampang); Wisma Dang Wangi is geographically located at latitude(3.1561 degrees) 3° 9' 21" North of the Equator and longitude (101.6995 degrees) 101° 41' 58" East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of Kuala Lumpur.
The locations related to Wisma Dang Wangi are represented by the flight path Superman would take between two points and may not be nearest by road. For example, Wisma Dang Wangi is located 78 metres from Wilayah Complex. Wisma Dang Wangi is located 90 metres from Wisma RA. Wisma Dang Wangi is located 100 metres from Menara Multi Purpose. Wisma Dang Wangi is located 121 metres from Esso Jalan Dang Wangi. Wisma Dang Wangi is located 145 metres from Wisma TKT.
Featured Places Of Interest Located Nearby
Wilayah Complex is located 0.1 Kilometres away from Wisma Dang Wangi. Wilayah Complex - 1 Photo(s) Featured.
Wisma RA is located 0.1 Kilometres away from Wisma Dang Wangi. Wisma RA - 1 Photo(s) Featured.
Menara Multi Purpose is located 0.1 Kilometres away from Wisma Dang Wangi. Menara Multi Purpose - 2 Photo(s) Featured.
Garden City Hotel, Kuala Lumpur 0.2km, Maytower Kl City 0.3km, Sheraton Imperial Hotel 0.3km, are places to stay (hotel, service apartment, inn) located near Wisma Dang Wangi.
Wilayah Complex 0.1km, Cityone Plaza 0.2km, Semua House 0.3km, are places to shop (shopping mall, shop houses) located near Wisma Dang Wangi.
Market Square 1.1km, Tunku Abdul Rahman Memorial 1.1km, National Historical Muzium 1.2km, are places of interest (attraction) located near Wisma Dang Wangi.
Rima College 0.3km, Stamford College 0.3km, University Kuala Lumpur 0.4km, are places of learning (school, college, university) located near Wisma Dang Wangi.
Johor Technology Park 0.6km, Small City Park 0.8km, Muslim Cemetery Jalan Ampang 0.9km, are parks, playgrounds, open fields or commons located near Wisma Dang Wangi.
Wisma Dang Wangi
Wilayah Complex
Wisma RA
Menara Multi Purpose
Esso Jalan Dang Wangi
Wisma TKT
RKT Building
Bangunan Kurnia
Yeoh Building
Maison KL
Capital Square Residence
Capital Square
Cityone Plaza
Wisma Larfarge
Wisma Henry Butcher
Garden City Hotel, Kuala Lumpur
Wisma Warisan
Police Station Jalan Dang Wangi
Weststar LDV Distributors Building
Click here to zoom in
Where do you want to go?
Location Information
Latitude °
Longitude °
PlaceName
Category
Wisma Dang Wangi
Wisma Jakel is about 0.3 km away.
Rima College is about 0.3 km away.
Jalan Dang Wangi and Jalan Ampang Junction is about 0.3 km away.
Maytower Kl City is about 0.3 km away.
Semua House is about 0.3 km away.
USF-Hicom Building is about 0.3 km away.
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29 July 2009
RIAA's War on Sharing Begins
Words matter, which is why the RIAA has always framed copyright infringement in terms of "piracy". But it has a big problem: most people call it "sharing"; and as everyone was told by their mother, it's good to share. So the RIAA needs to redefine things, and it seems that it's started doing just that in the Joel Tanenbaum trial:
"We are here to ask you to hold the defendant responsible for his actions," said Reynolds, a partner in the Boulder, Colorado office of Holme, Robert & Owen. "Filesharing isn't like sharing that we teach our children. This isn't sharing with your friends."
Got that? P2P sharing isn't *real* sharing, because it's not sharing with your friends; this is *evil* sharing because it's bad to share with stranger. Apparently.
Watch out for more of this meme in the future.
Follow me @glynmoody on Twitter @glynmoody and identi.ca.
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You are here
Clarification of the APSL:Press Releases
OS Clarifies The Status Of The APSL
Earlier today (16 March 1999) Bruce Perens, Wichert Akkerman, and Ian Jackson issued an open letter titled The Apple Public Source License - Our Concerns alleging that the Open Source Initiative acted incorrectly in certifying the Apple Public Source License as being conformant with the Open Source Definition.
It is OSI's position that the claims in this open letter are entirely mistaken; they are founded on erroneous readings of the license and of applicable common and statute law.
First, in regard to Section 2.2(c), the reporting requirement. The open letter suggests a scenario in which Apple's demise would leave open-source developers unable to comply with 2.2(c), which would in turn cause their rights to lapse. This reading ignores the severability language in clause 13.6. If Apple dies, clause 2.2(c) becomes ipso facto unenforceable and (under 13.6) is voided without compromising the remainder of the license.
Second, in regard to 9.1. Equating this language to the Jikes patent clause is simply wrong. To see this, note the qualification "Affected Original Code". We discussed this point with Apple in detail; what Apple is reserving is the right to withdraw not the entire "Original Code" (as in the Jikes license) but only those parts directly touched by the infringement.
This means precisely those portions which an infringement lawsuit could force open-source developers to stop using if Apple were not involved. This clause merely covers Apple's liability under law; it does not create any more exposure for open-source developers than would exist under U.S. patent law if it were not present.
The OSI rejects the open letter's implicit contention that, "Eric Raymond [...] jumped a little too fast to embrace the APSL." The OSI Board requested - and got - substantial changes from Apple before the APSL was made public. The Board then acted unanimously in authorizing Eric to publicly endorse it on behalf of OSI.
The OSI stands behind its endorsement, applauds Apple's vision, and confidently expects the APSL terms will serve as a model for the open-sourcing of other Apple technologies - perhaps, indeed, for the open-sourcing of operating systems from other computer systems manufacturers now that Apple has taken the first groundbreaking step.
Issued by and for the Board of Directors of OSI
by Eric S. Raymond, President
17 Mar 1999
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Go oft to the house of thy friend, for weeds choke the unused path. Emerson, Ralph Waldo
This quote is about friends and friendship · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Emerson, Ralph Waldo ...
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 April 27, 1882) was a famous American essayist and one of America's most influential thinkers and writers.
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Love and scandal are the best sweeteners of tea. Fielding, Henry
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Henry Fielding (April 22, 1707 October 8, 1754) was an English novelist and dramatist known for his rich earthy humor and satirical prowess and as the author of the novel Tom Jones.
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...are fools to depend upon the society of our fellow-men. Wretched as we are, powerless as we are, they will not aid us; we shall die alone. We should therefore act as if we were alone, and in that case should we build fine houses, etc.? We should seek the truth without hesitation; and, if we refuse it, we show that we value the esteem of men more than the search for truth.
212
_Instability._[89]--It is a horrible thing to feel all that we possess slipping away.
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Between us and heaven or hell there is only life, which is the frailest thing in the world.
214
_Injustice._--That presumption should be joined to meanness is extreme injustice.
215
To fear death without danger, and not in danger, for one must be a man.
216
Sudden death alone is feared; hence confessors stay with lords.
217
An heir finds the title-deeds of his house. Will he say, "Perhaps they are forged?" and neglect to examine them?
218
_Dungeon._--I approve of not examining the opinion of Copernicus; but this...! It concerns all our life...
Pascal, Blaise
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Blaise Pascal (June 19, 1623August 19, 1662) was a French mathematician, physicist, and religious philosopher. Pascal was a child prodigy, who was educated by his father. Pascal's earliest work was in the natural and applied sciences, where he made important contributions to the construction of mechanical calculators and the study of fluids, and clarified the concepts of pressure and vacuum by expanding the work of Evangelista Torricelli. Pascal also wrote powerfully in defense of the scientific method.
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Quotes about techniques
These are quotes tagged with "techniques". You can also search for quotes containing the word techniques.
"Technique is communication: the two words are synonymous in conductors."
Bernstein, Leonard on techniques
"The moment a man begins to talk about technique that's proof that he is fresh out of ideas."
Chandler, Raymond on techniques
"To focus on technique is like cramming your way through school. You sometimes get by, perhaps even get good grades, but if you don't pay the price day in and day out, you'll never achieve true mastery of the subjects you study or develop an educated mind."
Covey, Stephen R. on techniques
3 fans of this quote
"The more technique you have, the less you have to worry about it. The more technique there is, the less there is."
Picasso, Pablo on techniques
"Technique is the test of sincerity. If a thing isn't worth getting the technique to say, it is of inferior value."
Pound, Ezra on techniques
"Technique is noticed most markedly in the case of those who have not mastered it."
Trotsky, Leon on techniques
"It s not just enough to swing at the ball. You've got to loosen your girdle and really let the ball have it."
Zaharias, Babe Didrikson on techniques
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Happy 50th Magic
RedsArmyAdmin August 14, 2009 Uncategorized 9 Comments
I respect Magic more than any other Celtics opponent. Without him, the Lakers-Celtics rivalry wouldn't exist as we know it. If I was starting an All-Time team… Magic would be the point guard.
Happy 50th birthday, Magic.
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"A REALLY INTELLIGENT INTERVIEWER." -- Lance Henriksen
"QUITE SIMPLY, THE BEST HORROR-THEMED BLOG ON THE NET." -- Joe Maddrey, Nightmares in Red White & Blue
**Find The Vault of Horror on Facebook and Twitter, or download the new mobile app!**
**Check out my other blogs, Standard of the Day, Proof of a Benevolent God and Lots of Pulp!**
Wednesday, August 12, 2009
The Real Ghostbusters... No, Not the Cartoon. The Actual Real Ghostbusters...
[As promised, this evening I bring you something just a little different for the Vault. It's a report from a real-life Ghost Hunter. In this case, the person in question is my old high school buddy Jay Stroming, who now has one of the coolest side gigs in the world. I'll let him explain...]
Ok, first, a quick disclaimer: this blog entry will not be about the horror genre. But it will definitely be related. You see, I’m a ghost hunter. Like those guys on TV (sorry, hard not to make a “Ghostbusters” joke here). If you’ve ever seen “Ghost Hunters” on the SyFy Channel, or any of the other similar shows on other networks, then you know what I do, in a nutshell. Brian is an old friend of mine going back to high school days, and I was honored that he asked me to do a post on my ghost hunting activities for The Vault of Horror. The impetus for his invitation was a recent investigation we conducted at a fire house here on Staten Island, New York, just two weeks ago.
I’ve been with EPIC, the Eastern Paranormal Investigation Center, for a little over three years now, and in fact, I am one of the co-founders, with Arthur Matos. In that time we’ve added two additional members, James Bricks and Laura Pennace, who in addition to investigating, do a tremendous job at historical research, which is key to our group’s philosophy. We’re a very scientifically-minded group, meaning we don’t rely on psychics or mediums, but rather sophisticated electronic equipment, such as infra-red cameras, EMF meters, motion sensors, and so on. We are out to find recordable evidence of the paranormal, whether it be video, audio, readings captured on meters, or ideally, a combination of those things.
In these three years, we’ve investigated a number of locations, mostly residential homes, but we do get the occasional business or high-profile client who wants us to come in and validate what they may be experiencing. About a month ago, we were contacted by Richmond Engine Company No. 1, a volunteer fire house servicing historic Richmond Town and the surrounding areas, here on Staten Island. While we’ve been lucky to never have had to doubt the sincerity of any of our clients in the past, claims of the paranormal seem to carry extra weight when coming from cops or firefighters. These are pragmatic problem-solvers and rescuers who need to deal with tangible facts and deal with life or death decisions on a day to day basis. They are not usually the types to get scared by things that go bump in the night.
The firefighters at Engine Company No. 1, whose names have been withheld for perhaps obvious reasons, were very sincere in their claims of the paranormal. It is a volunteer house, with all the firefighters living nearby and on-call around the clock. They don’t all reside there, as in a traditional fire house, but there are many nights where one or more of them will spend the night. The house itself was built in 1905, in response to public outcry after a girl was killed in a fire because none of the other houses could respond quickly enough. Nobody is known to have died in the building, and only one firefighter in the house’s history has died on the job, and that was out on a call, not in the building itself. Still, firefighters here reported hearing lots of footsteps coming from upstairs when nobody else is in the building; voices being heard; doors being slammed or banged; feelings of being watched; and a dark, shadowy apparition that appears at the top of the stairs.
We conducted our investigation on July 24th, 2009. The investigation began with some quick interviews with the firefighters stationed at the house, followed by a tour of the building. It consisted of a large garage area, which housed the fire truck, a kitchen, and a conference room area with a small restroom and some closets. The second floor contained the stairway, a small hallway, and then the living quarters, which was essentially a large room with a dining room table, some couches and a recliner, a number of display cases with pictures and vintage equipment, and a TV. We then set up our equipment and prepared for a long evening of investigating. We usually set up a safe room, which is a room where we can monitor our equipment, and it is usually the room with the least amount of paranormal activity. In this case we used the conference room.
Throughout an investigation, we rotate in teams of two, with two team members investigating a room, and the other two back in the safe room monitoring the equipment. We conduct EMF sweeps, to see what the Electro-Magnetic Field readings of the room are, to get a baseline. We take lots of pictures, both digital and 35mm. We always have a camcorder running, to document our investigation for later review. And we conduct EVP sessions (electronic voice phenomenon), where we ask questions to the supposed entity in the location, and reviewing our audio recorders later to see if we captured any voices. Investigations generally run from 6-8 hours, starting our recorders at 9 or 10, and running until 3 or 4am. Once we’re done, we break down the equipment and go home. Evidence review can take up to two weeks. If we set up 8 video cameras, and run each one for 8 hours, that’s a total of 48 hours of video to look through. Not to mention hours and hours of audio to listen to.
For this investigation, we focused mainly on the upstairs living quarters and the stairway, as that’s where the bulk of the activity was reported. During the course of investigations, we sometimes have what we call personal experiences. These are things we can’t document, such as if we see something but a camera is not focused on it at the time. During this investigation, we didn’t really have any personal experiences. We did have a brief period of the feeling of being watched in the upstairs quarters, but it didn’t last. The room definitely had a spooky vibe at first, but it didn’t last. Again, it’s only a personal feeling, so we don’t consider it as evidence. Psychological or parapsychological, who knows? One of our EMF meters was reacting a bit strangely during our EVP session, almost as if in response to some of our questions, and we can’t explain why it did this. As I write this, there is perhaps an hour or two left of evidence that we need to review, but so far, we have found nothing out of the ordinary.
Many times when we think of ghosts and hauntings, we think of horror movies, and Hollywood special effects. “Poltergeist,” “The Exorcist,” and other movies like that tend to portray the paranormal in what I call the “all Hell breaking lose” way. Nothing is really subtle. Voices are loud. Big, heavy objects move on their own. Apparitions appear at will, scaring people left and right. The ghosts are powerful and in control and terrifying. In real life, ghost hunting is not that spectacular. Most times, we spend the entire night sitting in a dark room, sitting still and being quiet. Heaters or air conditioning units are turned off, so it’s often uncomfortable. We drink lots of coffee and eat lots of candy to stay awake. We don’t have proton packs, and we don’t need them. Usually, the most interesting things are found during evidence review, and even then, you are talking about perhaps hearing a spoken word, maybe two, that you can’t account for, in 12 or 16 hours of audio you must listen to, or a single odd light that doesn’t belong and only lasts for 3 seconds, in 48 hours of video review.
We don’t get paid a dime to do any of this, and in fact we spend lots of our own money in order to be able to do this. So it’s not like the movies, even though I love “Poltergeist” and “The Exorcist” and “The Haunting” (the original, not the awful Liam Neeson version). But it’s still a lot of fun, and when we do catch that little piece of evidence that we can’t find a rational explanation for, it’s as thrilling as any of the best horror movies you’ll ever see. A full report on our investigation will be up shortly on our website, www.epicparanormal.com
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Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks
From Wikitravel
North America : United States of America : California : Sierra Nevada : Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks
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General Sherman, the world's largest tree, in Sequoia National Park
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks [1] are United States National Parks that are located in the Sierra Nevada region of California. These two adjacent parks offer a variety of mountain and forest scenery.
[edit] Understand
Although technically they are two separate national parks, Sequoia and Kings Canyon generally operate as a single unit in many ways. One fee (US $5 per person or US $20 per private vehicle) allows entrance to both parks.
The combined area of these two parks is 865,952 acres (3,504 km²) with most of that area being wilderness backcountry. The altitiude in the parks range from 1,300 feet (418m) to 14,505 ft (4421 m). The front country area can be divided into basic areas: The Foothills, Giant Forest, Mineral King, Grant Grove, and Kings Canyon and Cedar Grove.
[edit] History
Humans have traveled or lived in the Southern Sierra for at least 6-7,000 years. In the higher mountains, and also down into the western foothills, lived hunters and gatherers remembered today as the Monache or Western Mono. West of the Monache in the lowest foothills and also across the expanses of the Great Central Valley were a second group, the Yokuts.
In the late 1700s and early 1800s, Spanish began exploring the edge of the Sierras. Soon afterwards, trappers, sheepherders, miners, and loggers poured into the Sierras seeking to exploit whatever the mountains had to offer. By the end of the 19th century, San Joaquin Valley communities increasingly looked to the Sierras for water and recreation. In the struggle between all these competing interests, two national parks were born that became what we know today as Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. Today the parks together protect 265 Native American archeological sites and 69 historic sites.
[edit] Landscape
Sequoia is named for its groves of Sequoia trees, the largest trees known, and Kings Canyon is named for the deep valley of the Kings River.
[edit] Flora and fauna
Extreme topographic differences and a striking elevation gradient (ranging from 1,360 feet (412 m) in the foothills to 14,494 feet (4,417 m) along the Sierran crest) create a rich tapestry of environments, from the hot, dry lowlands along the western boundary to the stark and snow-covered alpine high country.
This topographic diversity in turn supports over 1,200 species (and more than 1400 taxa, including subspecies and varieties) of vascular plants, which make up dozens of unique plant communities. These include not only the renowned groves of massive giant sequoia, but also vast tracts of montane forests, spectacular alpine habitats, and oak woodlands and chaparral.
The richness of the Sierran flora mirrors that of the state as a whole--of the nearly 6,000 species of vascular plants known to occur in California, over 20% of them can be found within Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks.
Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks support a wide diversity of animal species, reflecting the range in elevation, climate, and habitat variety here. Over 260 native vertebrate species are in the parks; numerous additional species may be present but have not been confirmed. Of the native vertebrates, five species are extirpated (extinct here), and over 150 are rare or uncommon.
There have been some studies of invertebrates here, but there is not enough information to know how many species occur in the parks. Many of the parks' caves contain invertebrates, some of which occur only in one cave and are known nowhere else in the world.
[edit] Climate
[edit] Foothills
These lower elevations (Under 4,000 feet) are characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Precipitation usually occurs from January to mid-May; rain in the summer is rare. Average rainfall is about 26" (66 cm). During the winter, low-hanging clouds often drift in from the west, obscuring the countryside for several days at a time.
[edit] Middle Elevations
Summer in this forested area of the parks offers warm days and cool evenings. These elevations (4,000 - 7,000 feet) receive an average of 40-45" (102-114 cm) of precipitation annually. Much of this falls during the winter, resulting in a deep blanket of snow from December to May. Sub-zero temperatures, however, are rare. In the summer, occasional afternoon thundershowers may occur.
In fall and winter, Lodgepole Campground is generally 10-15 degrees F (6-9 degrees C) colder than the average middle-elevation temperature shown on the chart.
Summer temperatures in Cedar Grove are generally hotter than the average for the middle elevations, and cooler than the foothills. Temperatures in mid-summer may reach the 90's (35-40 degrees C). Cedar Grove is closed in the winter due to common rockfalls on the road.
[edit] Get in
Sequoia & Kings Canyon area map
The parks are relatively distant from major cities and airports, and there is no public transportation to the parks, although there is a $15 round trip shuttle from Visalia[2].
[edit] By plane
The closest commercial airport is in Fresno [3] and Visalia [4].
[edit] By train
Fresno is also the closest city with an Amtrak station, and is served by the San Joaquins [5] Oakland - Bakersfield route. Visalia also has an Amtrak station that is connected to Sequoia National Park by a shuttle bus.
[edit] By car
The parks are on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, and can only be entered by car from the west. The two main entrances are:
• Route 180 east from Fresno. This enters the parks at Grant Grove and divides there to go either northeast to the main part of Kings Canyon or southeast to Sequoia. This is the recommended route from Northern California, and from Southern California if one intends to go directly to Kings Canyon.
• Route 198 northeast from Visalia. This enters Sequoia from the south, and is the recommended route from Southern California. This route is not recommended by the park for long vehicles such as RVs. On 12 a mile stretch from Potwisha Campground to Giant Forest Museum in Sequoia Park, advised maximum is 22 feet (6.7m). Maximum length limit on the Generals Highway is 40 feet (12 m) for single vehicles, 50 feet (15 m) for vehicles plus a towed unit.
Both of these routes are winding mountain roads; driving speeds will be slower than usual and special conditions will apply in winter.
The Northern park entrance is somewhat more than an hour east of Fresno, with the park centers being another 45-60 minutes, and the total driving time from San Francisco should be close to five hours, and a little less from Los Angeles, using the Southern entrance. Those coming from the South may still prefer to enter the parks via the Northern entrance, since that route is less winding once you enter the parks . Larger vehicles such as RVs are not allowed from just inside the Southern entrance to Giant forest.
The Mineral Kings area is accessed via a separate road off Highway 198. Turn right in Three Rivers, before reaching the Ash Mountain park entrance. The road is single lane, and paved only part of the way.
Gasoline is not sold in the park, except the Grant Grove market which sells cans of emergency gas, so one should be careful to fill up at one of the towns on the way to the park or in the National Forest between Grant Grove and the rest of Kings Canyon.
[edit] On foot
The Eastern parts of the park are accessible from trailheads off Highway 395.
[edit] Fees/Permits
The park entrance fee is $20 for private vehicles and $5 for individuals on foot or on bike, and is valid for seven days in both Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. The National Parks pass ($80) allows unlimited entry into all national park areas for one year.
[edit] Get around
[edit] By car
Roads through both parks are at high altitude, and are generally slow and winding. Navigation is relatively straightforward: Route 198 is the main road through Sequoia, continuing from the Ash Mountain (southwest) entrance north through Sequoia's main sights (most of which are on signposted side roads) to intersect with route 180 at Grant Grove just inside the Big Stump (west) entrance, while Route 180 is the main road through Kings Canyon, continuing north and then east from Grant Grove to the main Cedar Grove area of Kings Canyon. Parking is generally ample at most sights in the park.
[edit][add listing] See
Driving in the parks provide mostly up-close views of trees, so the roadside vista points that do exist should not be overlooked:
• The road to Cedar Grove provides many excellent views of the narrow Kings Canyon.
• Between Grant Grove and Lodgepole is only one major lookout. Great view of the Sierras.
• The steep and winding road from Giant Forest down to the Ash Mountain entrance has some good vistas of the Kaweah River valley.
Some of the scenic attractions in Sequoia and Kings Canyon, divided by area, are:
• Grants Grove, a grove of giant Sequoia trees at the west entrance to the parks.
• Giant Forest, a collection of groves at the center of Sequoia a few miles south of the main Visitor Center, including the General Sherman Tree, the world's largest (by volume and weight) tree. The areas centers around a museum, and the grove can be seen along a 1-2 mile looping trail. The parking area is 0.4 miles uphill from the grove, so those who may not be able to easily walk back up the trail (remember that the elevation is 7000 feet) may want to arrange for a pickup from the main park road.
• Crystal Cave, Crystal Cave Road, 15 miles (24 km) from the Sequoia Park entrance on Hwy 198, and 3 miles (5 km) south of the General Sherman Tree Maximum vehicle length is 22' (6.7 m); +1 559 565-3759. Tour times: Saturdays 11am, 12pm, 1pm, 2pm, 3pm, & 4pm; Sundays through Fridays at 11am, 2pm, & 3pm. A large cave filled with various water-sculpted features. The temperature in the cave is 50°F (10°C) so dress warmly. No strollers, tripods, or baby backpacks are allowed in the cave and it is not wheelchair accessible. Tickets for a tour must be bought at either the Lodgepole or Foothills visitor center, neither of which is located near the cave. No tickets are sold at the cave.Adults (13-61): $12, children (6-12): $6, seniors (62 and up): $8.95, six and under are free.
• Moro Rock-Crescent Meadow Road, a 3-mile (5 km) road leaving General's Highway at the Giant Forest Museum. Leads to several features at the south of the Giant Forest. Note that this road is not recommended for trailers or RVs.
• Moro Rock, a granite dome you can climb to the top of via a steep 1/4-mile (.4 km) staircase to the summit (300 foot /91 m elevation gain). The top provides spectacular views of Sequoia's mountains and the Great Western Divide. Note that this is not for those afraid of heights as the staircase is very narrow with steep drop-offs.
• Tunnel Log, a fallen sequoia that can be driven through. A bypass is available for tall vehicles.
• Auto Log, a giant sequoia log formerly available for vehicles to drive onto, for a photo opportunity. The natural process of decay has put an end to the practice as the log can no longer safely support the weight of a vehicle.
• Crescent Meadow, a High-Sierra meadow awash with wildflowers in the summer.
• Cedar Grove, the main area of Kings Canyon, is about 45 minutes northeast of Grants Grove. The deep canyon offers impressive mountain scenery, a waterfall, and broad meadows.
• Mineral Kings, a secluded, narrow, alpine valley accessible by car. Two campgrounds in the area, from which it's possible to make day hikes to lakes and mountain passes with splendid views.
A broad variety of wildlife can be seen in both parks, including deer, birds, and bears.
[edit][add listing] Do
Sequoia and Kings Canyon both provide many trails for hiking and backpacking, and some facilities for horseback riding.
Suggested Day Hikes:
• Alta Peak: Longer day hike to a rugged peak with excellent views.
Most practical trailhead is Wolverton, just South of Lodgepole.
• Tokopah falls: Easier day hike to a large waterfall, near Lodgepole.
3.5 miles round-trip.
• Lookout peak: Easy day hike from Grant Grove.
Especially attractive in the winter when the road to Cedar Grove is closed, as it affords a similar view.
• Mist Falls Hike: A good day hike when in the canyon.
[edit][add listing] Eat
Food and shops are available at Grant Grove, Lodgepole, and Cedar Grove visitor centers. Overnight visitors should consider buying some food in advance on the way to the park.
[edit][add listing] Sleep
[edit] Lodging
Lodging is available at the Wuksachi Lodge in the Lodgepole area (Sequoia), in the John Muir Lodge and the Grant Grove cabins at Grant Grove Village (Kings Canyon) and at the Cedar Grove Lodge in Cedar Grove (Kings Canyon). Reservations are recommended. Cedar Grove closes for the winter in October.
In addition, a range of hotels and motels are available outside the park, including several lodges in the National Forest (on the road from Grants Grove to Cedar Grove) and motels in Three Rivers (on Route 198 near the southwest entrance).
[edit] Camping
Camping is the most common way to stay in the park. There are campgrounds available in all areas of the park, although the ones closest to main attractions may require reservations at peak times. All campers should be aware of the presence of bears, and should stow any unattended food in bear-proof containers as instructed by park rangers.
[edit] Backcountry
The High Sierra is a backpackers paradise, and numerous trails wind through Kings Canyon and branch out from Mineral King. Permits are required and may be requested on a first-come, first-served basis at the ranger station nearest the trailhead that is going to be used. Permits are issued the morning of the backpacking trip or after 1:00 p.m. the day before the trip. The cost of a permit between mid-May and late September is $15 per group. Permits are free the remainder of the year. There is a quota for each trailhead and when it is reached, no more permits are issued for that day. Popular areas may fill well in advance during the summer, so reservations are recommended and can be made after March 1 by faxing in a form (available from www.nps.gov/seki/resform.htm) no later than three weeks prior to the planned start date.
[edit] Stay Safe
For all emergencies in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, dial 911 (toll free) from any phone.
[edit] Wildlife
Do not feed or touch any of the wildlife as there is the possibility of aquiring the plague from fleas that live on the animals. Be aware of rattlesnakes and always check where you are stepping.
Cougars (or "mountain lions") also inhabit the park, but are rarely seen. They look like light brown house cats, but 5-8 feet long (including the tail). In the unlikely event that you run into one, don't approach it, and don't run. A cougar expects prey to flee and will react appropriately. Pick up any small children or pets. Make eye contact, spread your arms to make yourself look bigger, and back away slowly. If it approaches you, make noise and throw things at it; let it know that you're dangerous too. If it attacks, don't curl up defensively... fight back.
The park is prime habitat for black bears and it is very likely that you will see one. Stay a safe distance from bears and be careful never to come between a mother bear and her cub. Never leave food in your vehicle or unattended at a camp site. Bear proof containers are provided for food storage at camp sites and trail heads. Safely storing food is required by park regulations and is essential for your own safety and also for the ultimate well-being of the bears. You can find more information on bears in the park, how to deal with a bear-human encounter, and park regulations about bears at the National Park Service web site. [6]
Ticks are prevalent in the park and may carry Lyme disease. To avoid tick bites, tuck pants legs into socks and tuck shirts into your pants. If you do find an attached tick, remove it carefully with tweezers and seek medical advice from a ranger or a doctor. If bringing your dog along, make sure to check the dog for ticks after your visit as well.
[edit] Natural hazards
Poison oak is also present at elevations up to 5000 feet (1,500 m) in the park. It causes itching, burning rashes in the affected areas and is easily spread. Most trailheads have a bulletin board with a picture of poison oak. If you come in conatact with poison oak, wash your clothes and the affected areas immediately. A product named Technu (found in camping stores and drugstores) is good for neutralizing the toxic oils from the plant. Avoid contact with your eyes.
Water from natural sources should be treated or boiled before drinking as it may contain giardia, a protozoa that causes intestinal illness.
Lightning can be a great hazard, especially on rock outcrops, on ridges or in meadows. If a storm approaches, try to get indoors or inside a vehicle. Do not stand under trees or in shallow caves.
[edit] Driving
Many of the roads in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks are very steep. Use low gears when going downhill to avoid overheating and possible failure of the brakes. Slower traffic must use turnouts to let faster vehicles pass.
Especially in winter, roads can be snow-covered or icy. For up-to-date road conditions, call +1 559 565-3341 then press 9, then 4.
For 24-hour emergency towing, dial +1 559 565-3341, then press 0. In Sequoia NP, AAA service is available 24 hour for out-of-gas, lock outs, jump starts, and minor repairs. Call +1 559 565-4070.
[edit] Crime
Due to the remote nature of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, it is sometimes the site of illegal marijuana cultivation. If you come across a marijuana farm, immediately leave the area. Do not linger in the area of the farm as the people who plant the farms are often armed and do not take kindly to visitors. Report to park rangers as well as authorities immediately.
[edit] Get out
• Yosemite National Park
• Mount Whitney, the highest mountain in the contiguous United States, lies just to the east of Sequoia National Park. It is blocked from view from the park itself by the crest of the Sierra Nevada range, however. Unlike other day hikes, hiking in the Mount Whitney area requires a permit. It's a one or two-day hike.
This is a usable article. It has information for getting in as well as some complete entries for restaurants and hotels. An adventurous person could use this article, but please plunge forward and help it grow!
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8731.0 - Building Approvals, Australia, Feb 2009 Quality Declaration
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 01/04/2009
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
Provides the number and value of dwelling units approved by sector (public/private) and by state, number and value of new other residential dwelling units approved by type of building, and the number and value of non-residential building jobs approved by type of building (i.e. by function such as 'retail and wholesale trade', 'offices') and value ranges. State data includes the number of private sector houses approved; number and value of new other residential dwellings by type of building such as flats, units or apartments in a building of one or two storeys; number and value of non-residential building jobs by type of building and sector; and for Capital City Statistical Divisions, the total number of dwelling units approved broken down by Houses, Other Dwellings and Total Dwelling Units. Seasonally adjusted and trend estimates by state are included for the number of dwelling units and value of building approved. The quarterly value of building approved is shown in chain volume measure terms.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
4512.0 - Corrective Services, Australia, Mar 2003
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 26/06/2003
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
• About this Release
ABOUT THIS RELEASE
Contains national information on persons in custodial corrective services in Australia. Monthly information is presented for each state and territory. Statistics are presented by open and secure custody and periodic detention, for all prisoners and for Indigenous prisoners. Information is also presented on prisoner numbers by legal status (sentenced or unsentenced), and by sentence type. The number of sentenced receptions, the number of federal prisoners in each state and territory, information on numbers received into custody, and number of persons serving community-based corrective service orders are also included.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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SIRIUS Entertainment, 1999 Series
Published in English (United States)
Publication Dates:
1999 - 2001
Number of Issues Published:
2 (#1 - #2)
Format:
Full color; Standard Modern Age US Size (26 cm high X 16.8 cm wide); Saddle-stitched; Glossy paper
Series Details:
Publisher's Brands:
• without publisher's brand information (2 issues)
Indicia Publishers:
• without indicia publisher information (2 issues)
Tracking
Numbering continued Artesia Annual (Archaia Studios Press, 2004 series) with #3.
Notes
Each "annual" issue takes place between an Artesia limited series and the next limited series.
Mature readers (no warning on cover).
Editing
Index Status
Indexed Partially Indexed Pending Approval Reserved Skeleton Data Only
1 2
Cover Status
Scan available Needs Replacement No Scan available
1 1 2
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Case Report
Composite lymphoma in the anterior mediastinum: a case report and review of the literature
Guohua Yu1*, Lingling Kong2, Guimei Qu1, Qian Zhang2, Wei Wang1 and Lei Jiang1
Author Affiliations
1 Department of Pathology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College of Qingdao University, No.20, Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, China
2 Department of Pathology, Binzhou Medical University, No.346, Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, China
For all author emails, please log on.
Diagnostic Pathology 2011, 6:60 doi:10.1186/1746-1596-6-60
Published: 6 July 2011
Abstract
We recently encountered an unusual case of Composite lymphoma (CL) in the anterior mediastinum arising in a 37-year-old woman who presented initially with continuous pain in the right shoulder and chest. The woman had been suffered from continuous pain for three months before she went to our department of cardiovascular surgery. Chest computed tomography scan revealed the oval space-occupying lesion of anterior mediastinum. Surgery was performed and the disease was diagnosed pathologically as CL which composed of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, via hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization.
Virtual Slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1975431863528091 webcite.
Keywords:
Composite lymphoma; nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization
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Joice, IowaEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
United States > Iowa > Worth County > Joice
Contents
Histories and Tidbits
Neighboring Communities
Family History Resources
Cemeteries
Community Web Sites
Historical and Genealogical Societies
Historical Newspapers
Histories, Biographies, And Genealogies
Libraries
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References
1. Wikipedia Article
2. Micropolitan definition
3. US Gazetteer GPS Coordinates
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• This page was last modified on 21 September 2011, at 23:15.
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Lehi, UtahEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
United States > Utah > Utah County > Lehi
Contents
Quick History
Wikipedia
Lehi Portraits of a Utah Town by Richard S Van Wagoner, Lehi City Corp. 1990
History of Lehi by Hamilrton Gardner, Lehi Pioneer Committee & Deseret News 1913
Resources
Cemeteries
Lehi City Cemetery
1100 North 400 East
Lehi, Utah, 84043
Church History and Records
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Early, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Church records for Lehi Wards can be found on film and are located at the LDS Family History Library in Salt Lake City or at the Family History Center in Lehi, Utah. The film numbers, for each ward, can be locate through the Library Catalog. Or by refering to Jaussi, Laureen R., and Gloria D. Chaston. Register of Genealogical Society Call Numbers. 2 vols. Provo, Utah: Genealogy Tree, 1982. (FHL book 979.2258 A3j; fiche 6031507). These volumes contain the film numbers for many (but not all) membership and temple record films.
Directories
• Provo City and Utah County Directory : including the cities of Provo, American Fork, Lehi, Payson, Spanish Fork, and Springville [1] Library has 1891 (film), 1904-05 (film), 1913-14, 1915-16, 1917-18, 1920, 1926 (film), 1930-31, 1935-36, 1941, 1946, 1950, 1955, 1961, 1965, 1969-70, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1987, 1996- .
Footnotes and Sources
1. Provo City and Utah County Directory : including the cities of Provo, American Fork, Lehi, Payson, Spanish Fork, and Springville FHL 979.224/P1 E4p
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Help:Create an external linkEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 23:02, 1 September 2012 by Lotje2 (Talk | contribs)
This help article will guide you as you edit in the Wiki. See Contributor Help for more help articles.
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What is an external link?
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See also
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Changes related to "Tokelau"
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Tokelau
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Tools:Network Forensics
From Forensics Wiki
Revision as of 21:32, 17 March 2013 by Eriknorthrop (Talk | contribs)
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Network Forensics Packages and Appliances
E-Detective
http://www.edecision4u.com/
http://www.digi-forensics.com/home.html
Burst
http://www.burstmedia.com/release/advertisers/geo_faq.htm
Expensive IP geolocation service.
chkrootkit
http://www.chkrootkit.org
cryptcat
http://farm9.org/Cryptcat/
Enterasys Dragon
http://www.enterasys.com/products/advanced-security-apps/index.aspx
Instrusion Detection System, includes session reconstruction.
ipfix/netflow v5/9
http://www.mantaro.com/products/MNIS/collector.htm
MNIS Collector is an IPFIX collector which also supports legacy Netflow. It was designed to be used with the MNIS Exporter, which is a Deep Packet Inspection probe that can be used to decode 300+ protocols on up to 20 Gbps and report the information in IPFIX.
Mantaro Network Intelligence Solutions (MNIS)
http://www.mantaro.com/products/MNIS/index.htm
MNIS is a comprehensive and scalable network intelligence platform for network forensics and various other applications. It is built on high speed Deep Packet Inspection and metadata alerting. It can be used to understand network events before and after an event. It scales from LAN environments to 20 Gbps service provider networks.
http://www.mantaro.com/products/MNIS/network_intelligence_applications.htm#network_forensics
MaxMind
http://www.maxmind.com
IP geolocation services and data provider for offline geotagging. Free GeoLite country database. Programmable APIs.
netcat
http://netcat.sourceforge.net/
netflow/flowtools
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/nmp/netflow/index.shtml
http://www.splintered.net/sw/flow-tools/
http://silktools.sourceforge.net/
http://www.vmware.com/vmtn/appliances/directory/293 Netflow Appliance (VMWare)
NetDetector
http://www.niksun.com/product.php?id=4
NetDetector is a full-featured appliance for network security surveillance, signature-based anomaly detection, analytics and forensics. It complements existing network security tools, such as firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems and switches/routers, to help provide comprehensive defense of hosted intellectual property, mission-critical network services and infrastructure
NetIntercept
http://www.sandstorm.net/products/netintercept
NetIntercept captures whole packets and reassembles up to 999,999 TCP connections at once, reconstructing files that were sent over your network and creating a database of its findings. It recognizes over 100 types of network protocols and file types, including web traffic, multimedia, email, and IM.
NetVCR
http://www.niksun.com/product.php?id=3
NetVCR delivers comprehensive real-time network, service and application performance management. It is an integrated, single-point solution that decisively replaces multiple network performance monitoring and troubleshooting systems. NetVCR’s scalable architecture easily adapts to data centers, core networks, remote branches or central offices for LAN and WAN requirements
NIKSUN Full Function Appliance
http://www.niksun.com/product.php?id=11
NIKSUN’s Full-Function Appliance combines the value of both NetDetector and NetVCR for complete network performance and security surveillance. This plug-and-play appliance offers customers a complete range of network security and performance monitoring solutions that identify, capture and analyze the root-cause of any security or network incident the first time! The unique enterprise-wide network visibility provided by this product is extremely attractive to large enterprises requiring an integrated and proactive solution to combat the constant barrage of security and network incidents such as worms, viruses, Trojan-horse attacks, Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, outages, overload and service slowdown, etc.
NetOmni
http://www.niksun.com/product.php?id=1
NetOmni provides global visibility across the network so IT professionals can manage multiple products and vendors from one central location. NetOmni streamlines the network management process in a manner conducive to a “best-practices” model that ensures Service Level Agreements (SLA), Quality of Services (QoS) and maximum revenue opportunities.
NISUN Puma Portable
http://www.niksun.com/product.php?id=15
NIKSUN's Puma, a portable network monitoring appliance, allows customers to leverage the state-of-the-art network performance, security and compliance monitoring technology as a robust luggable appliance that can be conveniently used in the field. Deployed in a few short steps, Puma offers with exceptional functionality of NIKSUN's renowned performance and security monitoring technology within minutes to field personnel. Puma, is now capable of monitoring networks at 10G speeds. The incorporation of real-time 10G monitoring to the Puma feature-set enhances the already excellent value that Puma provides to customers, making it the go-to portable monitoring and forensics tool for network professionals
ipfix/netflow v5/9
http://www.mantaro.com/products/MNIS/collector.htm
MNIS Collector is an IPFIX collector which also supports legacy Netflow. It was designed to be used with the MNIS Exporter, which is a Deep Packet Inspection probe that can be used to decode 300+ protocols on up to 20 Gbps and report the information in IPFIX.
NetSleuth
http://www.netgrab.co.uk/
NetSleuth is a free network analysis tool released under the GPL. NetSleuth can be used to analyse and fingerprint hosts from pcap files, designed for post event incident response and network forensics. It also supports a live sniffing mode, silently identifying and fingerprinting devices without needing to send any traffic onto a network.
NetworkMiner
http://sourceforge.net/projects/networkminer/
http://www.netresec.com/?page=NetworkMiner
NetworkMiner is a Network Forensic Analysis Tool (NFAT) for Windows. NetworkMiner can be used as a passive network sniffer/packet capturing tool in order to detect operating systems, sessions, hostnames, open ports etc. without putting any traffic on the network. NetworkMiner can also parse PCAP files for off-line analysis and to regenerate/reassemble transmitted files and certificates from PCAP files. The purpose of NetworkMiner is to collect data (such as forensic evidence) about hosts on the network rather than to collect data regarding the traffic on the network. The main view is host centric (information grouped per host) rather than packet centric (information showed as a list of packets/frames). NetworkMiner has, since the first release in 2007, become popular tool among incident responce teams as well as law enforcement. NetworkMiner is today used by companies and organizations all over the world.
NetworkMiner is available both as a free open source tool and as a commercial network forensics tool.
pcap2wav
http://pcap2wav.xplico.org/
VoIP/RTP decoder. pcap2wav is part (a sub-project) of Xplico and it supports and decodes the following audio codecs: G711ulaw, G711alaw, G722, G729, G723, G726 and MSRTA (x-msrta: Real Time Audio).
rkhunter
http://rkhunter.sourceforge.net/
ngrep
http://ngrep.sourceforge.net/
nslookup
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nslookup
Name Server Lookup command line tool used to find IP address from domain name.
Sguil
http://sguil.sourceforge.net/
Snort
http://www.snort.org/
ssldump
http://ssldump.sourceforge.net/
tcpdump
http://www.tcpdump.org
tcpxtract
http://tcpxtract.sourceforge.net/
tcpflow
http://www.circlemud.org/~jelson/software/tcpflow/
truewitness
http://www.nature-soft.com/forensic.html
Linux/open-source. Based in India.
OmniPeek by WildPackets
http://www.wildpackets.com/solutions/network_forensics
http://www.wildpackets.com/products/network_analysis/omnipeek_network_analyzer/forensics_search
OmniPeek is a network forensics tool used to capture, store, and analyze historical network traffic.
Whois
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHOIS Web service and command line tool to look up registry information for internet domain.
http://www.arin.net/registration/agreements/bulkwhois.pdf Bulk WHOIS data request from ARIN
IP Regional Registries
http://www.arin.net/community/rirs.html
http://www.arin.net/index.shtml American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN)
http://www.afrinic.net/ African Network Information Center (AfriNIC)
http://www.apnic.net/ Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC)
http://www.lacnic.net/en/ Latin American and Caribbean IP Address Regional Registry (LACNIC)
http://www.ripe.net/ RIPE Network Coordination Centre (RIPE NCC)
Wireshark / Ethereal
http://www.wireshark.org/
Open Source protocol analyzer previously known as ethereal.
Kismet
http://www.kismetwireless.net/
Kismet is an 802.11 layer2 wireless network detector, sniffer, and intrusion detection system.
kisMAC
http://www.http://kismac-ng.org/
KisMAC is an open-source and free sniffer/scanner application for Mac OS X.
Xplico
http://www.xplico.org/
Open Source Network Forensic Analysis Tool (NFAT). Protocols supported: HTTP, SIP, FTP, IMAP, POP, SMTP, TCP, UDP, IPv4, IPv6, ...
VoIP sniffer and decoder. Audio codec supported: G711ulaw, G711alaw, G722, G729, G723, G726 and MSRTA
Command-line tools
arp - view the contents of your ARP cache
ifconfig - view your mac and IP address
ping - send packets to probe remote machines
SplitCap http://splitcap.sourceforge.net/ - SplitCap is a free open source pcap file splitter.
tcpdump - capture packets
snoop - captures packets from the network and displays their contents (Solaris)
nemesis - create arbitrary packets
tcpreplay - replay captured packets
traceroute - view a network path
gnetcast - GNU rewrite of netcat
packit - packet generator
nmap - utility for network exploration and security auditing
Xplico Open Source Network Forensic Analysis Tool (NFAT)
ARP and Ethernet MAC Tools
arping - transmit ARP traffic
arpdig - probe LAN for MAC addresses
arpwatch - watch ARP changes
arp-sk - perform denial of service attacks
macof - CAM table attacks
ettercap - performs various low-level Ethernet network attacks
CISCO Discovery Protocol Tools
cdpd - transmit and receive CDP announcements; provides forgery capabilities
ICMP Layer Tests and Attacks
icmp-reset
icmp-quench
icmp-mtu
ish - ICMP shell (like SSH, but uses ICMP)
isnprober
IP Layer Tests
iperf - IP multicast test
fragtest - IP fragment reassembly test
UDP Layer Tests
udpcast - includes UDP-receiver and UDP-sender
TCP Layer
lft http://pwhois.org/lft - TCP tracing
etrace http://www.bindshell.net/tools/etrace
firewalk http://www.packetfactory.net
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About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
Journal of Industrial Engineering
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 709083, 7 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/709083
Research Article
Joint Optimal Pricing and Inventory Control for Deteriorating Items under Inflation and Customer Returns
Industrial Engineering Department, Kharazmi University, University Square, Dr. Beheshti Street, Karaj 31979-37551, Tehran, Iran
Received 27 October 2012; Accepted 25 December 2012
Academic Editor: Ilkyeong Moon
Copyright © 2013 Maryam Ghoreishi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
This paper studies the effect of inflation and customer returns on joint pricing and inventory control for deteriorating items. We adopt a price and time dependent demand function, also the customer returns are considered as a function of both price and demand. Shortage is allowed and partially backlogged. The main objective is determining the optimal selling price, the optimal replenishment cycles, and the order quantity simultaneously such that the present value of total profit in a finite time horizon is maximized. An algorithm has been presented to find the optimal solution. Finally, we solve a numerical example to illustrate the solution procedure and the algorithm.
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Bibliography: Cover: Shadow Forest
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Title: Cover: Shadow Forest
Author: Sandy Nightingale
Year: 2007
Type: COVERART
ISFDB Record Number: 1103433
User Rating: This title has fewer than 5 votes. VOTE
Current Tags: None Add Tags
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Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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Posts Tagged ‘ world trade center ’
Fake Building Topples Over
By
0
January 14, 2010
The WSJ reports: According to Shanghai Daily, initial investigations attribute the accident to the excavations for the construction of a garage under the collapsed building. Large quantities of earth were removed and dumped in a landfill next to a nearby creek; the weight of the earth caused the river bank to collapse, which, in turn,...
Read More »
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[14] For this cause, I bow my knees to the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
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Site Aging Effect in Terms of SEO
Nov 9, 2004 • 1:30 pm | (2) by | Filed Under SEO - Search Engine Optimization
There has been lots of chatter in the forums, especially with all the sandbox discussion, about the aging of a site and its affect on the way the pages rank for keyword phrases. In a thread at SEO Chat named Proof Of Search Position Based On Age Of Domain? shares his personal data with the members. The data shows how over time, his rankings dramatically improved for a selection of keyword phrases. Of course there are other factors, and the thread gets into that - I won't.
There is no doubt in my mind that older sites, do better in the results then newer sites - keeping everything else equal. If I put up a page at my corporate site, which has been live since at least 1999, it will rank higher then if I put up a new site. I have specific examples of keyword phrases that proves this. I am not sure if my clients would like me to share them with you at this point in time.
But to talk on a more general level, I have launched sites for clients all on a specific topic. The goal is to have this site (the home page) rank well for the most generic keyword phrase. At the same time, I put up a new page announcing the launch of the new site. I named the page in relation to the client's topic, so the page is naturally optimized for my client's keyword phrase. I even link from my page to the client's home page. Now my corporate site is primarily about Web development services, it has nothing to do with what my client's site is about. I would expect after five or so months that my client's site would rank above my single page announcing his site, in the search results over at Google. But that is not the case.
Of course there is this sandbox affect. But again, I am fairly confident that I can get a specific keyword phrase to rank better (no matter of site theme) on an aged site versus a newer site. There is an aging affect, I do not think it is at the level of temporal link analysis but there is some sort of non-thematic aging affect going on and has been for a couple years.
Previous story: Must Haves: Custom 404 Error Pages
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Place:La Palma, Orange, California, United States
Watchers
NameLa Palma
TypeCity
Coordinates33.849°N 118.044°W
Located inOrange, California, United States
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
La Palma is a city located in northern Orange County, California. The population was 15,408 at the 2000 census.
Research Tips
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at La Palma, California. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
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Part II of the Digital State Survey
Utah received a #3 ranking in the Electronic Commerce & Business Regulation category of the Center for Digital Government's annual Digital State Survey. This is up from a #8 ranking last year in the same category. The departments of Tax and Commerce have been leaders in this area.
We placed 22nd in Management and Administration and didn't place in the top 25 in Digital Democracy. This is only part II of a four part survey that culminates in an overall ranking. Normally Utah does pretty well overall, finishing 7th last year.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8501.0 - Retail Trade, Australia, Oct 1997
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 02/12/1997
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• About this Release
Monthly; ISSN:1032-3651; Contains monthly estimates of turnover for retail and selected service establishments. Original, seasonally adjusted and trend estimates are included for Australia in current price terms. The original and trend estimates are disaggregated by State and by industry. Constant price data are published quarterly classified by State or industry.
This publication has been converted from older electronic formats and does not necessarily have the same appearance and functionality as later releases.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I and one other business partner are launching a niche ecommerce site in November. We have nearly everything set except for one or two lingering questions. One of those questions is customer service.
Both my partner and I are currently college students and we're not entirely certain how to handle customer service. We'll clearly have a support email address but cannot offer 24/7 phone service, or regular business hour phone service for that matter, because we have classes and such.
Does anyone have any suggestions how best to handle customer service in this situation? Or has anyone faced similar scenarios?
Much thanks ahead of time.
share|improve this question
2 Answers
up vote 0 down vote accepted
Here are some ideas that we have used with clients which can't be on 24/7:
Communicate Clearly: Be sure to clearly communicate when you are or are not available to provide customer service to exsisting customers. Make a clear communiicate to prospective customers of how long they should wait to hear back from you if they are leaving a request for additional information. for example: T"Thank you for contacting us. You will hear back within X hours."
Use all means at your desponsal to communicate accessibility: Phone, email, online forms, live chat, twitters, instant messenger, Facebook Fan page. Your unavailability sometimes will be offset by the message of accessibility which you communicate.
Leverage Live Chat features. One geeat option to expand your coverage is to integrate live chat into your site. Many providers (like LiveChat) have clients for your smart phone or tablet to expand the times your are available. A quality providers platform will automatically show aviaabiliity so people aren't engaging chat with someone who is not there.
Integrate your responders: You can have a response from the phone, the email, and the LiveChat, instant messengers -- make sure that they are all integrated effectively with your CRM so that people get quick responses that are within the context of their relationship with you.
Use a PDX Service: Whether virtual or not -- be sure to really use the capacities of your voice mail. Be sure to post time-relevant messages. if they are reaching you during posted business hours -- then acknowledge that you are with a customer and will back to them shortly. If they are contacting you during non-posted hours, acknowledged that and get back as soon as you can.
VM to Txt/email: Sending your voice mail to your email or text message allows you to more effectively triage your response during your limited availability windows (walking between class).
Use Phone Answering Services: People love a live person to answer the phone. From phone answering services to virtual assistants -- the relatively low cost of having a live person pick up the phone is invaluable. Most of these services you pay by the minute used. Be sure that they are effectively integrated into your CRM so that you can maintain a high level of customer service across your communications platforms.
share|improve this answer
Here are my thoughts on this.
Give a call back option on your eCommerce website.
You can ask your friend to take care of customer service, when you both are not available.
Best part would be having reliable friends in a Asian country, as they would be taking care of email or chat replies. That would be near to completion of a 24/7 email customer support.
OR else you can hire some one to do so.
share|improve this answer
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Support Us
Open Data at Open Source Days, Denmark
2013 is a very important year for Denmark as it has conquered two milestones in its Open Data agenda and this spring, the entire story will come together at the first conference addressing open data since the big release.
Here’s the event info in brief:
What?: Open Data track at Open Source Days
Where?: Copenhagen Business School, Denmark
When?: This weekend! Saturday 9th – Sunday 10th March
Website: here
But let’s first have a short introduction…
The Danish Open Data initiative started in 2009 with open seminars for data enthusiasts, the launching of the Data Catalog (digitaliser.dk), and a national data contest. The Data Catalog is an online catalog that allows public bodies to register their own datasets. 2010 was the year of economic potential studies, publication of technical and legal guidelines, the introduction of the open data license, and DataCamp 2010, plus an Open Data conference.
In 2011, Denmark deepened the economic studies on specific industries and the initiative became part of the e-Government strategy. 2012 saw a massive increase in open data awareness. The initiative became part of the Open Government Partnership, and there a political agreement was signed for opening up central “basic data”. A community of about 100 members, from different professional backgrounds, came together and started meeting on a regular basis.
And so, with 2013 came the exciting new releases! On 1st of January, the basic geodata became free of charge: the cadastral map, the Danish elevation model, and map data including watercourses. Then on 2nd of January, the general data from the central business register and company register became freely accessible.
The conference
In this context, on 9th March, Copenhagen will host its first conference on Open Data since the big releases in January. The event will take place within the Open Source Days conference, an event with a strong lineage. OSD has been organised every year for the last 15 years, making it the oldest of its kind in Northern Europe. Its main focus has been on Open Source developers and users, but this year the organisers decided to broaden the horizons by dedicating a track for tackling the complexity of Open Data implications in the Danish society.
We have gathered some of the most important players on the Open Data Danish playground to come and share their knowledge, experience, questions and doubts. We will cover key issues including the birth and development of the Open Data Agenda, open government, practical examples of businesses built upon open data, and more. Christian Villum from the Open Knowledge Foundation will be there talking about the What, Why, and How of Open Government Data.
If you are curious to see how Denmark address the Open Data movement, feel free to follow Open Source Days on Twitter @opensourcedays, on Facebook at Open Source Days, or on our webpage.
Get Updates
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JAN
9
2007
The Road to KDE 4: New KOffice Technologies
In this week's edition of the Road to KDE 4, we'll take a look at
the up and coming KWord 2.0 as part of the KOffice project. KWord 1.6.1 is
already a powerful KDE-integrated word processor, but with KDE 4
technologies, KWord 2.0 promises to be among the most powerful free word
processors available. Read on for more details.
KWord is part of the KOffice suite of applications which, with a few exceptions such as Kexi, has been visible thus far as a KDE-only application living under the shadow of the much larger OpenOffice.org suite. But this won't always be so, as the new KDE 4 technologies allow KOffice to exist as a native application on other platforms such as Windows and Mac OSX. Look out for more details on KDE support for these platforms in a future article.
One of the biggest assets of KOffice and KWord is its native support for the OASIS OpenDocument standard, which is shared by many office applications these days (including OpenOffice.org, Google Docs and others). Expect improved ODF document compatibility for KWord in the future as the developers strive for complete specification support.
Lets take a look at some screenshots from the development version of KWord. Notice the nice anti-aliasing of every element of the UI. On my system, it doesn't appear noticeably slower than KOffice 1.6.1. One of the most improved areas in KWord 2 is the text formatting and layouting, which definitely deserves some more exposure. It's not yet complete, but as you can see below, it's definitely much improved from previous versions. You really have to experience it yourself to appreciate how smooth moving, resizing and rotating Flake shapes is in this new version.
All manner of objects are being converted to the new Flake library, for instance KFormula elements, so you can insert nicely rendered math into your documents without any trouble. This support could make KWord as exciting to use for page layouts as KPresenter, as you are no longer restricted to dull, square document shapes. These changes should enable KWord 2 to behave as a respectable basic desktop publishing application.
Also noticeable in this early preview version is the lack of spell checking support, as this is being reworked for the upcoming Sonnet architecture for spelling and grammar corrections. (Which word did I misspell in my screenshot?)
But this is not the only improvement new to KOffice 2. Also in the works is scripting support for applications through the new and extensible scripting framework dubbed Kross. It has received a lot of work and looks to be one of the killer features of KOffice 2.
The following screenshot shows the new scripts menus in KWord:
Also notice how I moved the tear-off toolbars from the previous screenshot. I placed them by drag-and-drop, and they automatically tabbed up. This is all done very smoothly by Qt with no noticeable interface flickering.
Of course, the same scripting and rendering features have made their way into other KOffice apps as well. KSpread and scripting are a perfect fit, and there is a lot of power exposed to the advanced user.
For people interested in more details about Kross, check out this article on the development and usage of Kross in KSpread.
These are just some of the many improvements in the works for KWord and KOffice when the KDE 4 platform rolls out. Of course, these screenshots are of the development versions, which are quite unstable at the moment, but jugding by the level of activity today in the developer channels (like #koffice on irc.freenode.org) there is a large amount of momentum behind this release.
KOffice has a separate release schedule from KDE 4, so they may or may not release concurrently.
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Thursday, August 18, 2005
Thursday Items
1) Meeks case a political hot potato
Reverend James Meeks' charge of racial profiling may not bear much fruit. More of this story is provided in the Sun-Times. Apparently Meeks' car after moving around a squad car ran a stop sign. A white police sergeant pulled him over and apparently Meeks had some bodyguards right behind the sergeant's squad car. This should make any police officer a little nervous. It appears the Chicago Police may agree more with the sergeant than Rev. Meeks.
There was a post about this back in July.
2) Did fiery essay get author fired?
A writer writes a column against homosexual marriage. The results of his diatribe results in him getting fired from his job at Allstate. The article brings lite to corporate sponsorship of gay events such as the gay games in Chicago and a gay-rights proposal in Cincinatti. He never mentioned once where he worked and wrote his work on his own time. He may even have used his laptop provided by his employers.
According to J. Matt Barber...
"I'm thinking, `What business is this of yours?'" said Barber, 36, who had worked for Allstate for five years, mostly in corporate security. "This is something I did on my own time. This was my own viewpoint. ... [One supervisor] said, `Well, you know, here at Allstate we have a very diverse community.'"
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This+Spot is near E5 Kesas Hwy (westport); is near E5 Kesas Hwy (mrr2); is near 1/152, J; is near 10/152, J; is near 12/152, J; is near 8/152, J; is near 3/152, J; is near 6/152, J; This+Spot is geographically located at latitude(3.0653 degrees) 3° 3' 55" North of the Equator and longitude (101.6595 degrees) 101° 39' 34" East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of Kuala Lumpur.
The locations related to This+Spot are represented by the shortest distances between two points on Earth and may not be nearest by road. For example, This+Spot is located 86 metres from Caltex Kesas (w). This+Spot is located 214 metres from Kesas (w) Rest Area. This+Spot is located 306 metres from Mcdonalds Kesas (w). This+Spot is located 451 metres from BHP Kesas (e). This+Spot is located 535 metres from Kesas (e) Rest Area.
Featured Places Of Interest Located NearbyBukit Jalil Park is located 2.2 Kilometres away from This+Spot. Bukit Jalil Park - 1 Photo(s) Featured.
Pearl Intl Hotel 2.7km, Hotel Sri Petaling 3.4km, Shah Village Motel 4.4km, are places to stay (hotel, service apartment, inn) located near This+Spot.
Checkers Hypermarket 1km, Market Sri Sentosa 1.2km, Wet Market Oug 1.8km, are places to shop (shopping mall, shop houses) located near This+Spot.
Desa Water Park 5.3km, Sunway Xtreme Park 5.8km, Sunway Lagoon Park 5.9km, are places of interest (attraction) located near This+Spot.
SMK Taman Yarl 0.9km, SJK Seri Indah 1.8km, SJK Seri Mega 1.9km, are places of learning (school, college, university) located near This+Spot.
Park Jalan Sri Manja 2b 1.7km, Park Pjs 1 36 1.7km, Park Hujan Bubuk 1 1.9km, are parks, playgrounds, open fields or commons located near This+Spot.
This+Spot
Caltex Kesas (w)
Kesas (w) Rest Area
Mcdonalds Kesas (w)
BHP Kesas (e)
Kesas (e) Rest Area
Tol Awan Besar (e)
His Sanctuary Of Glory
SMK Taman Yarl
Caltex Jalan Puchong
Shell Jalan Puchong
Sri Petaling Carrefour
Esso Jalan Puchong
Checkers Hypermarket
Projet Jalan Puchong
Police Post Sri Sentosa
Bukit Oug Condominium
Kelab Oug
Restoran Hong Yoon
Click here to zoom in
Where do you want to go?
Location Information
Latitude °
Longitude °
PlaceName
Category
This+Spot
Og Heights is about 1.1 km away.
Market Sri Sentosa is about 1.2 km away.
Union Heights Condo is about 1.2 km away.
Villa Oug is about 1.3 km away.
Sentosa Court is about 1.3 km away.
Petronas Sri Sentosa is about 1.4 km away.
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Quotation added by staff
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
A good wife and health is a mans best wealth. Proverb
This quote is about wives · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Proverb ...
We don't have a biography.
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"warc_url": "http://quotationsbook.com/quote/4262/"
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Quotation added by staff
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
A well-written life is almost as rare as a well-spent one. Carlyle, Thomas
This quote is about biography · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Carlyle, Thomas ...
Thomas Carlyle (December 4, 1795 - February 5, 1881) was a Scottish essayist, satirist, and historian, whose work was hugely influential during the Victorian era. Coming from a strictly Calvinist family, Carlyle was expected by his parents to become a preacher. However, while at the University of Edinburgh he lost his Christian faith. Nevertheless Calvinist values remained with him throughout his life. This combination of a religious temperament with loss of faith in traditional Christianity made Carlyle's work appealing to many Victorians who were grappling with scientific and political changes that threatened the traditional social order.
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Battle Chess
From StrategyWiki, the video game walkthrough and strategy guide wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Battle Chess
Developer(s)
Publisher(s)
Designer(s) Todd Camasta, Michael Quarles, Jayesh J. Patel, and Bruce Schlickbernd.
Release date(s)
Genre(s) Board game
System(s) 3DO, Acorn Archimedes, Amiga, Amiga CD32, Commodore CDTV, Apple IIGS, Atari ST, Commodore 64, FM Towns, Mac OS, MS-DOS, NES
Mode(s) Single player, multiplayer
Followed by Battle Chess II: Chinese Chess
Series Battle Chess
Neoseeker Related Pages
This is the first game in the Battle Chess series. For other games in the series see the Battle Chess category.
Battle Chess is a computer game version of chess in which the chess pieces come to life and battle one another when capturing. The game itself was inspired by the 3D chess sequences from Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope and Futureworld.
The game was originally released for the Commodore Amiga and subsequently on the 3DO, MS-DOS, Apple IIgs, Commodore 64, Commodore CDTV, Amiga CD32, Atari ST, Apple Macintosh, Acorn Archimedes, FM Towns, and Nintendo Entertainment System.
Battle Chess has spawned several sequels and clones, including Star Wars Chess and Terminator 2: Chess Wars.
Table of Contents
Appendices
Social networking
Personal tools
Namespaces
Variants
Views
Actions
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Help Wikitravel grow by contributing to an article! Learn how.
Isla de Ometepe
From Wikitravel
Jump to: navigation, search
Isla de Ometepe
Isla de Ometepe's name derives from the Nahuatl words ome (two) and tepetl (mountain), meaning two mountains. An island in Lake Nicaragua in the country of Nicaragua, Ometepe is one of the country´s must-see. These twin volcanic islands are a remote escape located in the middle of Lago de Nicaragua. There are only a few small settlements on the island, along with a number of small coffee plantations.
[edit] Cities
• Moyogalpa, harbour village and the main point of arrival of ferries. Has ATM for Visa and MasterCard (January 2013).
• Altagracia, 2nd biggest town on the eastern side of the island.
• Merida, southeastern coast of island.
• Balgue, southwestern coast of island.
[edit] Other destinations
• Reserva Charco Verde, a nature reserve with abundant wildlife on the southern part of the island, where you can swim, hike and kayak.
• Santo Domingo Beach, the only sand beach easily accessible on the eastern side of the island. During the rainy season, the lake rises and the beach can disappear for several months.
• San Ramon Waterfall, natural fresh waterfall inland that is easily accessible by trail via a 3 hour hike.
• El Ceibo museum, a privately owned collection of pre-columbian artifacts discovered on an old tobacco plantation on the island. The museum includes the country's largest currency collection at the time of April 2012.
[edit] Understand
[edit] Talk
[edit] Get in
You can get to the islands main port (Moyogalpa) by boat or ferry from San Jorge near Rivas for about 2-3 USD. There is also a tourist tax of 10 cordobas to pay on departure. (Mar 2012) There are plenty of hotels and restaurants within walking distance of ferry. Buses pick up and drop off at terminal. Taxis are also present.
Every day there is also a ferry from San Jorge to San Jose del Sur, in the west of the island. They are planning to extend the transport to this port.
On Monday and Thursday, a ferry leaves Granada around 2 pm and arrives in Altagracia ( 6 hr ride?) for less then $2 USD. On Tuesday and Friday there is a ferry coming from San Carlos to the Island (12 hr ride) for about $2,5 USD.
Sometimes it is not a smooth crossing - the ferry gets thrown around quite a lot. If you sit indoors on the boat, be aware that water cam splash in through the windows, even when they are closed so you may get a little wet if sitting by the window!
[edit] Get around
Very slow local buses run to most villages on the island. Service is relatively frequent between Moyogalpa and Altagracia (roughly every hour), less so to Balgue and Merida (three or four per day).
You can easily flag down a bus for a ride or the occasional taxi but expect taxis to be expensive.
For travelers with a more liberal budget, renting a motorcycle can be a fun and liberating way to explore the island on your own. There are a few rental outfits in Moyagalpa, and one small operation along the road through Santo Domingo. The best motorbikes and service on the island likely come from an operation run by a guy named Robinson (8691 5044 robinson170884@gmail.com) He speaks perfect English and is very easy to work with. $25 for a motorbike rented out of Moyagalpa and returned to their shop by 6 PM that day. $40 for 24 hours. Also, Robinson will deliver a motorbike as far away as Little Morgan's, outside of Santa Cruz, then come and pick the bike up by 6 PM the same evening. $40 for a bike delivered to your hostel. Or, you can ask him to bring bungee cords with the bike, then tie your bags down at the end of the day and drive yourself back to Moyagalpa for the ferry the next morning. A superb way to get around on a transportationally challenged island.
Word of caution when dealing with Robinson, he has been known to refuse to give back your full deposit or charge you an exorbitant cost to fix a seemingly minute repair ($5 for a scrape on a bicycle sticker, $65 for perforated tire). There are now dozens of other motorcycle rental locations in Moyogalpa who are far more reasonable business owners.
There are plenty of bicycle rental shops on the island that rent by hour, half day or week.
The road along the isthmus and around Volcan Maderas is in very rough shape.
[edit][add listing] See
[edit] Itineraries
[edit][add listing] Do
Volcano Concepcion
Options on the island include :
• Hike to the top of Volcan Concepcion (~ 8 hours return, strenuous)
• Hike to the top of Volcan Maderas to a crater lake (~ 6 hours return, less strenuous)
• Hike to a 35-m waterfall on the south side of Maderas (several hours return)
• See petroglyphs at the village of Finca El Porvenir
• Go horseback riding
• Rent a bicycle and explore the island on your own
• Rent a motorbike and explore the island on your own
• Go fishing
• Hire a kayak and explore the lake and one or two of the rivers
• Go swimming in the fresh water
• Trails are generally unmarked and the terrain is rough. Local guides are inexpensive, good.
• If off hiking on your own be aware that many trails are actually being used by locals as a means to work their bean fields,The same beans that are served in the local staple of beans and rice, These beans are of a low growing variety and are barely visibly so please stay on trails so as not to damage their crops.
• The island is very large and to go by bicycle around one volcano in one day is very challenging but possible, getting around both volcanoes by motorbike in one day is a little easier but still difficult.
[edit][add listing] Eat
• Cafe Campestre, on the road Before Finca Magdalena. Amazing food cooked with local seasonal and (where possible) organic produce. Great place to meet people and hang out.
• Little Morgan´s, Santa Cruz (300m towards Balgue from Santa Cruz junction), 505 8611 7973, [1]. Accommodation, bar and restaurant serving great food that gives a nice break from the typical rice and beans. Daily menu includes bacon and eggs, pancakes, cake, sandwiches etc, and then nightly dinner specials including lasagna, curry, pasta and stir-fry. Food ranges from $2-$6. edit
• Natural, Playa Santo Domingo, [2]. Vegetarian restaurant serving delicious breakfasts, lunches and dinners. Great pastas, curries, stirfries. Dine under a large rancho with a wonderful view of the Maderas volcano. edit
[edit][add listing] Sleep
• Hostal Ibesa, (near Moyogalpa), [3]. Owned and operated by a friendly and helpful local family, shared room $6 USD per person, your own private room $7 USD, there is also a dorm room which may be even cheaper, very clean and comfortable (prices in April 2013), laundry service. edit
• Finca Magdalena, (near Balgue), [4]. A cooperativly run organic finca. Conditions and food are fairly basic and not that good but the price and the incredible view help to compensate. A hike into the jungle nearby will allow you to witness Howler Monkeys and numerous wild birds. Dorm : 3 USD / Tent or Hammock (bring your own) : 2 USD. edit
• Finca Zopilote, (2 km before Balgue.). Finca El Zopilote is currently experience a massive bed bug problem and is not recommended. * Playa Volcan, (Near Merida). cheap. Hammocks for $1.50/night, dorms for $3/night. Spanish lessons available. $1.50 up. edit $1.50 up. edit
• Hospedaje Charco Verde. $5 - 18 USD per room. edit
• Hospedaje Ortiz, (Altagracia). Cheapest place in town, a block or so from the central plaza. There are reports about money being stolen from guests, hence the extremely cheap rates for accommodation. edit
• Casa Istiam, Playa Santo Domingo. A great budget place to stay right across the road from the beach. edit
• Hotel Finca Santo Doming, (Playa Santo Domingo). A more expensive place right on the beach. Approx. 30 USD. edit
• Villa Paraiso, (Playa Santo Domingo). Reputedly the nicest place to stay and probably the most expensive. Tours can be arranged. Bicycle rental available. edit
• Hospedaje Central, From Procredit Bank, 1 block south, 2569-4262. Very colorful and friendly atmosphere with free parking lot, internet service, dvd movies, laundry, volunteering opportunities, a restaurant and a bar. Unfortunately the owner is wanted by INTERPOL for Fraud, Kidnapping, etc. Dormitory is basic with bunk beds, its own toilet and shower, lockers and a safe available at reception. Rooms are clean, large, with new beds, fan or AC and private bathroom. However, some travellers report that, despite Lonely Planet's endorsement, theft is a problem, especially in the dormitory rooms where random locals wander in and out through three doors. And the bar/restaurant shares a filthy bathroom with guests and plays loud music until late at night. $2.50 hammock-$3.50 dorm-$5.50 to 9.50 for room. edit
• Hacienda Merida, [5]. created by a rich nicaraguan family from the city, this place is the principal influence of the Merida locals benefiting so little from tourism. there are several family owned and operated hostel and guesthouses that are not listed in your guidebooks. Feb 2012: The owner will create a slightly hostile atmosphere for some guests (i.e. those that don't share in his bullheaded views and have the audacity to engage him in discussion). Experienced some cold and surly attitudes from some employees. After talking with some Hacienda Merida volunteers, know now that the attitude of the employees likely stems from being severely overworked for very minimal pay, and being treated as servants by the boss while they are at work.. Yes, the owner is responsible for great social welfare programs on Ometepe, but be aware that, like most things, this also comes with a somewhat sinister dark side. The Hacienda also advertises kayak trips to visit 'monkey island', while warning that these monkeys are likely to be aggressive and vicious. The monkeys are so bad-tempered because they were brought by the Hacienda onto a tiny island with no escape, nothing to do and no food (they are fed by hacienda staff) - think twice about visiting. edit
• Puesta del sol. The community association invites you to come share the rural lifestyle of 16 families in the community of la Paloma, 1,5 km away from Moyogalpa. You will be able to practise spanish and if you want to, protect environment and help them in their projects.
• Hotel Bahia, Primary a restaurant, it also has two rooms in the back after the open fire kitchen. Private with a bathroom with a shower, no sink and a toilet with cushioned seat for 7 USD.
• Finca del Sol, Santa Cruz (Ometepe), 8364 6394, [6]. An ecological farm offering 3 private cabins, with private bath for rent. Very private, overlooking Volcano Concepcion and Lake Nicaragua. The Cabins are fully screened, with mosquito netting, purified water, TV and DVD - over 100 movies in English, Spanish and Italian to choose from. We are 100% solar powered and have a composting toilet system. Located a 10 min walk from the trailhead to Volcano Madaras and a few minutes from the best beach on the island, we are a great choice for the adventurer wishing for a little more comfort. On the farm we raise tropical sheep, grow rice, fruits and veggies.Mid price range - We have a maximum occupancy of 10 guests, so reservations are highly recommended. Visit our website for more info edit
• American Cafe and Hotel, Moyogalpa (Two blocks up main street from ferry). Owners Simone and Robert have created a delightful little oasis on the main drag, several blocks up from the ferry landing. Spotless and spacious, the AC & H is a daily gathering spot for tourists and locals alike. Robert can usually be found somewhere near the front door greeting visitors while Simone commands the kitchen, where remarkable things are created. Simone's Italian, 'nuff said. The rates are incredibly affordable. The exterior of the building is kind of bland. But don't let the outside decor fool you, this is THE place to stay on ometepe for safety, guidance, and a good night's sleep. edit
• Hospedaje Soma (Hospedaje Soma), Frente Instituto R.Smith Moyogalpa (From the dock head up main street and one block in front of the catholic church turn to the left. Follow the street for about 400m and you will see Soma on the left hand side.), [7]. checkin: 12pm; checkout: 11am. Hotel Hospedaje Soma is located in Moyogalpa on Ometepe Island. With only a ten minutes walk to the dock of Moyogalpa Hospedaje Soma is a bit away from sometimes noisy ´downtown´ but still in reach of all neccesary services which provides the village. This really quiet place offers a dormitory $7 per person, private rooms $22 with shared bathrooms, $29 with private bathroom and cabins with private bathroom from $40 to $50 with AC. The rate for all private rooms includes a standard breakfast. The Hotel has a nice and cozy tropical garden with some space to hang out and chill and provides free WIFI for its clients. Soma offers a laundry service and tours and hikes can be organized from there. Please note that they only accept reservations by email hospedajesoma(at)gmail.com $7 - $50. edit
• Little Morgan´s, Santa Cruz (300m towards Balgue from Santa Cruz junction), 505 861107973, [8]. Beautiful accomodation, bar and restaurant. Owned by Morgan (the fun Irish guy) and run by a lovely Australian couple. All types of accomodation catered for with hammocks, dorms and private casitas. It is set amongst tropical tress feeling like a real paradise, and is on the lake, so is perfect for a swim and then relax by the bar or in a hammock. The bar has a pool table and is the most happening place at night. The dorms are far enough away though that you can sleep if you need to. Great food and great people. They offer everything from horseriding to remedial massage. A wonderful pace to stay, see www.littlemorgans.com for pictures and more information. $3-$30. edit
• Xalli, Ometepe Beach Hotel, Communidat San Fernando, 505 25694876, [9]. checkin: 1pm; checkout: 11am. The nice hotel called Xalli is found at the beach called Santo Domingo in the community of San Fernando. Only 800 meters from the hotel Villa Paraiso. The place is very central to the most common activities (inside 4 kms) in Ometepe: swimming at 'Ojo de Agua', the beach with the white sand called Santo Domingo, the good old Finca Magdalena, the 'Humedal de Istian' and the forest 'Nebliselva' of the vulcano Maderas which to walk on is the major activity for visitors. The privileged position near the road between the two volcanoes allows you to get around by feed or by public transport.
• Rooms in several nice small private houses.
• Price range: 35-75 US$.
• Breakfast included.
• Internet included. Very fast for the island (~2MBit).
• Access to the beach, Rancho, Hammocks, ...
35-75. edit
• Hotel Sinai, San Jose Del Sur (Along the main road, near the ferry of San Jose del Sur). A nice relaxed hostel/hotel/restaurant. Not a resort type, more aimed at backpackers. Services are basic, but rooms are very clean, the food is good, prices are low and the personnel is very friendly and helpful. edit
• Yogi's Hostel, Moyogalpa (From the ferry, 3 blocks up, 2 to the right - blue building). checkin: Anytime; checkout: 11:00 am. Low key hostel, with WiFi, hammocks, free filtered water, clean rooms, good staff. Great place to stay coming into or leaving the island before jumping on the long ride on the chicken bus to the other side of the island. $6 - 15. edit
[edit][add listing] Drink
• Little Morgan´s, Santa Cruz (300m towards Balgue past Santa Cruz junction), 505 8611 7973, [10]. The only place around with a pool table and cable TV. Beautiful surroundings with fun atmosphere at night. Beer, wine and spirits available from $2-$3. edit
[edit] Stay Safe
• The trails are not marked so if don't know the island, it is best to hire a guide. They are usually cheap and can give you so much help. Many people have gotten lost climbing the volcanoes and the trails are small. There are no services and help is hard to come by when climbing one of the mountains, so bring what you need before hand.
• Thanks to the fact that it's an island which is kind of easy to check traffic of persons it is, in comparison to the rest of Nicaragua, pretty safe.
• Minor annoyance such as kids begging for money may happen, but in a day, many locals will greet you and are happy to help you.
• Some locals report that there is some danger when climbing the top of Concepcion because of the activity that exist in the top. It is important to take a guide and make sure that if you notice anything suspicious, get away.
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Newark (New Jersey)
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Newark [1] is New Jersey's largest city, located in the heart of the Metro New York region.
Newark Skyline
Although one of the great historic cities of the Northeast and the most culturally affluent city in the state, Newark is often overlooked in favor of Goliath-like Manhattan and towns along the Hudson River, such as Jersey City and Hoboken. While no longer the industrial powerhouse it once was, Newark remains one of the America's major shipping, rail, and air hubs, Public transportation is abundant, making it easy to get to, from, and around the city. Newark has been economically disadvantaged for some time, and suffers from a bad reputation, often informed by negative stereotyping. Thanks in large part to a nationally hig-profile mayor, committed populace, and changing attitudes towards once decaying urban areas, the often proclaimed, but stunted renaissance of the Newark is steadily and substantially taking hold.
The city is divided into five wards, each with it's own character.Downtown has retained much of early 20th century architecture and has an iconic skyline. Nearly 100,000 people commute to the central business district on workdays, making for a lively urban landscape. Since the millennium it has become more residential as former office buildings and warehouses, such as the art deco Eleven80 (at 1180 Raymond Blvd.), are converted to housing. A new performing arts complex and sports/concert venue and restaurants have encouraged visitors to linger longer into the night,
The North Ward is home to Branch Brook Park, site of the gothic Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart and the nation's largest collection of cherry blossom trees. Surrounding neighbourhoods include architecturally interesting suburban enclaves on the east and bustling urban districts on the west. The East Ward, or the ironbound, is home to a large Portugues/Brazilian community, with a "restaurant row" offering a cornucopia of eating establishments for every budget. The South Ward, once the heart of the Jewish community and home to the Weequahic Park and other architecturally gems, has fallen on hard times, and is were much of the city's crime is concentrated.
[edit] Understand
English is the main language. As the home to many immigrants, Newark is a polygot city. The Ironbound has significant Brazilian and Portuguese population.
Newark is pronounced Noo-wirk, as opposed to Newark, Delaware which is pronounced Noo-ark. Locals will often pronounce it "nork".
[edit] Get in
[edit] By plane
• Newark Liberty International Airport, (IATA: EWR) [2], is about 5 mi (8 km) south of downtown. It is a major hub for United Airlines as well as serving numerous other domestic and international carriers. as well. Along with JFK International Airport and La Guardia Airport, it serves the New York metro area. Airport information can be obtained by calling +1 888-EWR-INFO or +1 973 961-6000.
Train service is provided by via AirTrain Newark monorail between terminals and the Newark-Liberty train station served by NJ Transit and Amtrak. Local buses include the #62 bus to Newark Penn Station and the limites stop #28 through downtown to Newark Broad Street Station (NJ Transit).
Taxis charge a flat fee determined by destination. Super Shuttle, +1 973 961-2255, [3]. In the airport, shuttle or car will take you to your hotel or residence. Sample fare: airport to Manhattan Holiday Inn for $18. You do have to make reservations ahead of time.
Many airlines not serving Newark Airport fly into the New York metro area at JFK or La Guardia in Queens, New York.
[edit] By train
Newark Penn Station is located in the Gateway District just a few blocks from the heart of downtown Newark. It's a beautiful old McKim Mead & White building and worth visiting just on its own. It is served by Amtrak [4] and New Jersey Transit's Northeast Corridor, North Jersey Coast Line, and Raritan Valley Line, [5], with easy connections to New York, Philadelphia, Trenton, and points south and west. A PATH [6] train (the Red Line) connects Penn Station with Jersey City and the World Trade Centre. Connections to other PATH lines can be made to Hoboken, the West Village, Chelsea, and 33rd St. in Manhattan. When taking the train, realize that Newark and New York both have "Penn Stations". It is sometimes easy to mistake the conductor saying "New York" for "Newark" (and vice versa), so be aware so you don't accidentally get off at the wrong station.
Broad Street Station, located at the north end of downtown is served New Jersey Transit's Montclair-Boonton line, Morristown line and Gladstone Branch lines which serve the suburbs, Hoboken Terminal, and on Midtown Direct trains, New York Penn.
[edit] By car
Route 21 (McCarter Hwy) runs North-South along the railroad tracks a few blocks east of downtown. I-78 skirts the south edge of town and I-280 cuts across the north. Route 1/9 comes across the Pulaski Skyway from Jersey City and Manhattan (via the Holland Tunnel). Take the Raymond Blvd. exit and drive along the Passaic River into downtown.
[edit] By bus
Newark Penn Station is also the city's bus terminal and is served by NJ Transit buses, as well as Greyhound [7] and others. BoltBus [8] stops outside the station, offering service from Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Boston.
[edit] By boat
Port Liberty Cruise Terminal is located on Upper new York Bay in Bayonne.
[edit] Get around
New Jersey Transit operates an extensive bus system in the city and its suburbs. The Newark City Light Rail runs two lines, both originating at Penn Station. The City Subway Line (shown on maps as the blue line) has service to University Heights, Branch Brook Parkand neighboring Bloomfield The Broad Street Line (orange on maps) operates through downton between Penn Station and Broad Street Station.
Taxis in Newark are metered, but often a price can be negotiated. Downtown one can hail a cab, but elsewhere a phone call is needed.
[edit][add listing] See
• Newark Museum, 53 Washington St, +1 973 596-6550, [9]. Year round: W–F: noon–5PM, 1 Oct–30 Jun Sa Su 10AM–5PM, 1 Jul–30 Sep Sa Su noon-5PM. The Museum complex incorporates 80 galleries of art and science, a mini zoo, planetarium, cafe, auditorium, sculpture garden, schoolhouse and the Ballantine House, the restored 1885 mansion that is a National Historic Landmark. $7, Children, Seniors and Students; Planetarium add: $3, Children, Seniors and Students $2.
• Military Park, Broad St between Rector Street and Raymond Blvd, +1 973 733-9333. A park downtown that was originally a militia training green in the 1600s. Wars of America monument is an imposing work of Mount Rushmore artist Gutzon Borglum. In the summer on Thursdays, the park hosts Common Greens, a farmers market.
• Thomas Edison National Historical Park, West Orange, NJ. In 1887 Edison moved his laboratory from Menlo Park to West Orange. He worked there until his death in 1931. In West Orange he improved his phonograph and storage battery and did all of his work on motion pictures. His lab and home in West Orange are now preserved by the National Park Service as Thomas Edison National Historical Park, which is located 7 miles from downtown Newark, and accessible by public transport. edit
• Branch Brook Park, Clifton Avenue, Newark. Branch Brook Park contains 360 acres of open meadowland and small patches of woodland on gently rolling terrain. More than 4,100 cherry trees that blossom during April are greater both in variety and number than the famed trees in Washington, D.C. The park is only 1.7 miles from downtown, and accessible by light rail. Includes spectacular views of the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart. edit
• Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Clifton Avenue, Newark. Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart is a French Gothic-styled cathedral, the fourth largest in north america boasting upwards of 200 stained glass windows and 14 giant bells cast in Italy. The cathedral hosts a number of symphony orchestras and other concerts, in addition to serving as the mother church for the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark. It is located north of downtown Newark, across from Branch Brook Park, and accessible by light rail edit
[edit][add listing] Do
• New Jersey Devils (NHL), Prudential Center, Mulberry St. edit
• New Jersey Performing Arts Center, 1 Center St, (toll free: +1-888-466-5722), [10]. edit
• Symphony Hall, 1020 Broad St, +1 973 643-8468, [11]. edit
• Prudential Center, Mulberry St (across from Triangle Park and 1 block W of Penn Stn), [12]. In addition to hosting the Devils, Seton Hall University basketball games and New Jersey Ironmen MISL (indoor soccer) games are held at the center. Concerts. edit
• New Jersey Historical Society, 52 Park Pl, +1 973 596-8500, [13]. Tu-Sa noon-5PM. edit
[edit] Art Galleries
• Aljira: A Center for Contemporary Art, 591 Broad St, +1 973 622-1600, [14]. W-F noon-6PM, Sa 11AM-4PM. Described by the New York Times as "a feisty alternative art space in Newark, often shows artwork that has a razor-sharp social and political edge."
• City Without Walls, 6 Crawford St, +1 973 622-1188, [15]. W-F noon-6PM, Sa 1PM-6PM. Contemporary art gallery.
• Gallery Aferro, 73 Market St, +1 646 220-3772, [16]. Th-Sa noon-6PM. ,Contemporary art gallery.
• Gallery Twenty-One, 611 McCarter Hwy, +1 973 424-1700, [17]. Contemporary art gallery and Cuban cultural center.
• Red Saw Gallery, 585 Broad St, [18]. Contemporary art gallery.
[edit] Festivals
• Brazilian Festival (September), The Ironbound
• Cherry Blossom Festival (April) Branch Brook Park, with 4,300 trees the largest collection in the USA
• Geraldine Dodge Poetry Festival (October) (biennale), various venues, largest poetry event in the United States
• Lincoln Park Music Festival (July) Lincoln Park
• McDonald's GospelFest (Spring) Prudential Center, talent competition and concert, one of the biggest Gospel events in the USA
• Newark Black Film festtival (Summer) various venues
• Portugal Day Festival (June), The Ironbound
[edit] Sports
• Prudential Center is home to hockey team New Jersey Devils and hosts other college and professional teams
• Red Bull Arena, home to soccer team New York Redbull, just across the Jackson Street Bridge
• Meadowlands Sports Complex, home to the football teams New York Giants and New York Jets is a 15 minute train trip from Newark Penn Station
• Riverfront Stadium is home to baseball team Newark Bears
[edit] Gospel and Jazz
Newark has a long tradition of jazz and gospel and is home to WGBO, Metro New York's jazz station. Renowned clubs are located in its suburbs, all at short ride to nearby stations of NJT's Morris and Essex Lines which depart from Broad Street Station. Local churches which have been the breeding ground for numerous R&B singers welcome respectful guests.
• The Priory, 233 West Market Street +1.973-242-8012 Friday night and Sunday brunch jazz series
• Trumpets Jazz Club and Restaurant, 1 Depot Square, Montclair +1.973.744.2600 [19]
• Shanghai Jazz, 24 Main Street, Madison +1.973.822.2899 [20]
• Cecil's Jazz Club & Restaurant, 364 Valley Road, West Orange, NJ +973.736.4800 [21]
• Greater Abyssinian Baptist Church 88 Lyons Avenue +1.973.923.5205 [22]
• New Hope Baptist Chuirch 106 Sussex Avenue +1.973.622.4547 [23]
• Newark Gospel Tabernacle 985 South Orange Avenue +1 973.399.2507 [24]
[edit] Learn
• Drake College of Business, 800 Broad St, [25]. Branch location of Elizabeth's main campus. edit
• Essex County College, 303 University Ave, [26]. edit
• New Jersey Institute of Technology, [27]. edit
• New Jersey Medical School (UMDNJ), [28]. edit
• Rutgers University - Newark, [29]. The main campus is in New Brunswick but there's a smaller campus in Newark. edit
• Seton Hall University School of Law, One Newark Center, [30]. The university's law school is located in Newark, not along with the other colleges on the university's South Orange campus. edit
[edit] Libraries
• Newark Public Library, [31]. A great facility to explore, pick up a book, and learn a little something in the city. edit
[edit] Work
Newark is home to Prudentual Insurance and PSEG (in 2013 to Panasonic). and other corporations located downtown, as are the many federal and state courthouses. University Heights is home to Rutgers, NJIT, New Jersey Medical School. Port Newark and Newark Airport combine to make the city the largest transportation and distribution center on the East Coast. Light manufacturing survives
[edit][add listing] Buy
• Stroll Ferry Street in the East Ward and find numerous boutiques, bake shops and cafes. There are no real malls in Newark but there are malls near by that the buses in the city will take you to one for a relatively cheap fare. Jersey Gardens and Ikea are nearby in Elizabeth, NJ.
[edit][add listing] Eat
Newark has three "restaurant rows' downtown: Around the Prudential Center, Halsey Street, and Ferry Street in the Ironbound, the latter known for its Portuguese, Brazilian and Spanish food.
[edit] Budget
• Central Restaurant 30 Central Ave. (at Halsey) +973.623.8137 classic diner at great prices
• Mi Gente Cafe, 7 Central Ave, (at Halsey)' +1 973 621-9090
• Ferry Street Barbeque, 89 Ferry St, +1 973 344-7337.
• Cafe Caffe Gourmet, 115 Ferry St, +1 973 530-4950.
[edit] Mid-range
• Brasilia Grille, 99 Monroe St, +1 973 589-8682, [32]. M-Th 11:30AM-11PM; F Sa 11:30AM-11:30PM; Su noon-10PM.
• Brick City Bar and Grill [33] Edison Place (Pru Center)
• Brazilian Bakery, 44 Ferry St, +1 973 465-4455.
• Boi Na Brasa, 70 Adams St, +1 973 589-6069.
• Dinosaur BBQ, [34] Market Street (Pru Center)
• Edison House 51 Edison Place (Pru Center) + I.973.643.5560 [35]
• Harvest Table 127 Halsey Street +1.973.494.8183 [1] breakfast and lunch only
• Je's Restaurant 260 Halsey Street (near Pru Center) +1.973.623.8848 (closes at 7.30pm) great Southern, BBQ, Soul Food
• Loft 47 47 Edison Place (Pru Center0 1.973.642.8400 [36]
• Martini 494, [37] Broad Street
• Sabor Latino Restaurantm 24 Wilson Avenue (Ironbound) +973-274-0075 amazing latin food
• Seabra's Rodizio, 1034 McCarter Hwy, +1 973 622-6221.
• Sol-Mar Marisqueira & Restaurant, 267 Ferry Street, corner of Ferry & Niagara St, "+1 973 344-3041.[38]. This restaurant is one of the best Portuguese restaurants in the ironbound district of Newark. They give large portions and it has some of the best Sangria in the neighborhood. Delicious fish.
[edit] Splurge
• Iberia 80-84 Ferry St.
• Iberia Peninsula 63-69 Ferry St.
• Don Pepe 844 McCarter Hwy.
• Fornos of Spain 47 Ferry St.
• Spanish Tavern 103 Magazine St.
• Fernandes Steak House 158 Fleming Ave.
• Spain 419 Market St.
[edit][add listing] Drink
As Newark is a large commuter town, many bar/restaurants have after work "happy hours". While many thin out as the crowd heads home, those around the Prudential Center keeping going into the night.
There is a large liquor store in Penn Station with wide selection including buy single bottles of beer, including microbrews. On the east side of the station, in the Ironbound there are numerous pubs, some with a bar menu
• Mc Govern's Tavern 58-60 New Street (off Halsey) Irish pub/sports bar with a big Rutgers crowd
• Scully's Publick House 11 Clinton St +1.973.622.3341 Irish pub
• Kilkenny Alehouse 27 Central Ave (near Halsey) +973.824.8048
[edit][add listing] Sleep
[edit] Budget
• Newark YMCA, 600 Broad Street, 973-624-8900 (tel) [39] is courteous, clean, and very convenient
• Hotel Riveria, 169 Clinton Avenue [40] is an AYOR bargain in up and coming historic district
[edit] Mid-range
[edit] Downtown
• Comfort Suites, 1348 McCarter Hwy, (973) 481-5200, (973) 481-9399 (fax), (866) 434-4917
• Coutyard Newark Downtown, The city's newest hotel is located in the heart of downtown adjacent to the Prudential Center [41]
• Hampton Suites, Newark Riverwalk at Clay Street Bridge[42]
• Hilton Newark Penn Station, Gateway Center, within walking distance to many local attractions and connected by skywalk to the train station downtown [43] with easy connections to Manhattan and airport
• Hotel Indigo planned opening winter 2012/2013 website
• Robert Treat Hotel, 50 Park Pl, +1 973 622-1000, Fax: +1 973 622-6410. Recently renovated, runs free guest shuttles both to Newark Penn Station as well as to Newark Airport. Rooms facing the back of the hotel have views of Manhattan and rooms facing the front have views of Military Park and Broad Street. On a relatively safe downtown street with NJPAC across the street. [44].
[edit] Airport
While hotels serving Newark Airport can be inexpensive ($50+ booked online; $69 walk in). some require multiple transfers with hotel shuttle to airport & NJT#62 to Penn Station. Service is sporadic, so one can sometimes expect 1 to 2 hrs each way. Those hotels located on Route 1 & 9 South/Frontage Road have NJT#40 bus service which travel between the airport and Downtown/Newark Penn on an hourly basis.
• Courtyard Newark Liberty International Airport, Route 1&9 S, (Frontage Road) +1 973 643-8500, Fax: +1 973 648-0662, [45].
• Best Western Newark Airport West, 101 International Way, +1 973 621-6200, Fax: +1 973 621-6266, [46].
• Fairfield Inn & Suites Newark Liberty International Airport, 618 Routes 1 & 9 S, (Frontage Road) +1 973 242-2600, Fax: +1 973 242-6560, [47].
• Holiday Inn, 160 Frontage Rd,(Newark Airport) +1 973 589-1000, [48].
• Newark Liberty International Airport Marriott, +1 973 623-0006, Toll-free: +1 800 882-1037, Fax: +1 973 623-7618, [49]. is walking distance to terminals and conveient to all transportation
• SpringHill Suites Newark Liberty International Airport, 652 Route 1 & 9 S (Frontage Road), +1 973 624-5300, Toll-free: +1 888 887-8123, Fax: +1 973 624-3355, [50].
[edit] Splurge
[edit] Contact
[edit] Newspaper
The main newspaper of Newark is the Star Ledger [51]. New York metro newspapers are also widely available (Times, Daily News, Post).
[edit] Websites
[edit] Stay safe
While things are safer now than they were a few years ago, Newark can be unsafe if you are not careful.
Downtown Newark is crowded and safe during the day. However, It thins out at night and may seem creepy but as long as you stay in well lit open areas you should be fine. The Ironbound district is pretty bumpin' on nights and weekends and is probably the safest part of the city, after Downtown and Forest Hill. If you were to go to a concert at the NJPAC or see an event at the Prudential Center you should be fine. They are well lit areas with a police presence and are the safest part of the city. The South, Central, and North, South a Wards have heavier crime rates and it pays to be more guarded in those areas.
Although bustling during peak travel hours and almost completely safe in daylight, Newark Broad Street station (NJ Transit) can be very dangerous after hours and through the night when fewer people wait for trains (usually from 10pm-5am). Armed robberies are common and can occur even when you are not the only one waiting for a late train. If you do find yourself at the station after hours, wait in the lobby beneath the platform, or failing that, one of the lit waiting booths on the platform. Look confident, dignified, and do NOT display cell phones or iPods.
Remember, the best advice to be given about doing business in 'stickier' neighborhoods is just keep your wits about you. If caught in a confrontation, act confident, no matter how scared you might actually be. Afterwards, make yourself scarce, fast. Remember that money and material things can be replaced, while lives cannot. Newark's community has been known to have weapons. The city has a high-rates of shootings, but are mostly in outer neighbourhoods.
[edit] Cope
[edit] Consulates
• Colombia, 550 Board Street 15th Floor, Newark, NJ 07102, +1 862 279-7888 (fax: +1 862 279-7885), [52]. edit
• Portugal, 1 Riverfront Plaza, The Legal Center, Main Floor, +1 973 643-4200 (, fax: +1 973 643-3900). edit
[edit] Get out
New York City is easily accessible by train and bus.
Liberty State Park, with ferries to the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island are reached by taking PATH and Hudson- Bergen Light Rail in Jersey City.
Newark is in northern New Jersey, and like most places in the state, is only a short trip away from the Atlantic Ocean beaches. The closest beaches in terms of miles are those in Coney Island and Rockaway in New York, but the easier ones to get to are along the Jersey Shore, along New Jersey Transit North Jersey Coast Line. (Read more: http://www.livestrong.com/article/152989-beaches-near-newark-new-jersey/#ixzz29rcqpWRg)
Field Station; Dinosaurs [54], is theme park exhibition is within walking distance of Secaucus Junction, one stop from Newark Penn
Hitchhike Believe it or not, it is possible to hitchhike out of the New York Metro area. If you are trying to go long distances, your best bet is to take NJ Transit or Metro North far enough to put you well into the suburbs, preferably to a stop that puts you near (within walking distance of) a major highway such as an Interstate. From there, get to an on-ramp and put out your thumb. Be advised, however, that New Jersey state laws on hitchhiking are notoriously ambiguous, and you will be hassled by local police, so use common sense and discretion.
If you're trying to go west into Pennsylvania, your best bet is to take NJ transit to Mt. Olive, which is only a 5-min walk from I-80, which generally carries a good amount of long-distance traffic going west.
Routes through Newark
PhiladelphiaWoodbridge SW NE New York CityNew Haven
Routes through Newark
AllentownUnion W E Jersey CityNew York City
New York CityEnglewood N S ElizabethPhiladelphia
Spring ValleyParamus ← Jct W E N S UnionCape May
New York CityJersey City N S ElizabethPhiladelphia/Cape May
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Boulder
From Wikitravel
Front Range : Boulder
Revision as of 17:54, 31 July 2010 by Eco84 (Talk | contribs)
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See Boulder City for the town in Nevada near the Hoover Dam.
Flatirons and Chautauqua Park, Boulder
Boulder, Colorado is a city located at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. It is a college town with a reputation for progressive values, enjoying the great outdoors and thus a very pleasant place to live and visit.
Understand
Climate Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Daily highs (°F) 45 46 52 61 69 80 85 84 77 66 54 46
Nightly lows (°F) 21 22 27 36 44 53 59 58 50 39 29 22
Precipitation (in) 0.5 0.8 1.6 2.7 3.1 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.5 0.9 0.8
Check Boulder's 7 day forecast at NOAA
These days, Boulder wears several hats: as a university town, home of the University of Colorado at Boulder [1] and others; as a hi-tech town that is rapidly spawning bedroom communities in outlying farm towns; and as a center of alternate culture, with various new age institutions, Naropa University [2], meditation centers, Buddhist centers, and the like. What perhaps distinguishes it most from other cities of similar size in the United States, however, is its status as a mecca for serious athletes, many of whom have made their home here for the conditioning advantages of high altitude, combined with businesses, facilities, and a community that provides opportunities for serious training and competition. Even the average nine-to-five Boulderite is much more likely than the average American to be a serious climber, cyclist, runner, skier, etc., and you will see the difference as you're about town.
Boulder is situated in the Front Range region of Colorado and is virtually contiguous with Denver. This reflects that it is the "front door" to the mountainous country to the west, with many outdoor attractions, including a medium sized ski resort less than an hour from the city limits, and also the fact that there are significant cultural differences between Boulder and Denver beyond its liberal politics.
Boulder is known for it's outdoors and the residents with one of the healthiest lifestyles in America. It is very true, no matter what the weather, there are always people outdoors; running, biking, walking, hiking. It has a great atmosphere and beautiful sights.
Living in Boulder is very expensive. Along with being one of the most active towns in America, it is right up there with the living expense. Smaller towns are popping up around Boulder that are cheaper, but may take 10-15 minutes to get into this vibrant town.
Get in
Boulder is easily reached from Denver International Airport via car or bus. The drive from the airport to Boulder is pretty spectacular. Beautiful scenery, driving straight toward the Rocky Mountains. The public Regional Transportation District (RTD) [3] 'AB' bus runs hourly between DIA and Boulder. The AB bus is a clean, safe, and easy way to get to town, and the route 'B' bus runs between Boulder and Denver. Boulder is only 20 miles from Denver, and is an easy drive via US highway 36.
Get around
Boulder has decent mass transit for such a small city. Boulder and Denver share a common mass transit system, known as RTD [4]. You will also notice that a large percentage of locals use bicycles to get around the down town (most of the city sights are within 2 miles). If you choose to drive around town, be aware that there is heavy traffic on the main thoroughfares, high numbers of pedestrians (cyclists) and parking downtown can be a bit tight. There are a number of city-owned garages tucked behind the buildings downtown. Keep your eyes open for the large green "P" signs outside their entrance ramps, as they don't look like parking garages from the outside. Be careful when parking in the University area, as tickets can be quite expensive. Boulder's police are vigilant about drunk driving, so try to keep out of the car when you find yourself tipping down a local microbrew or two. Watch carefully for the school zones: when the yellow lights are flashing, slow down to 20 mph! Many of the main streetlights have cameras that can capture you running the tail end of yellow lights. Watch out, or you may get tickets in the mail!
Many locals use the "Skyride" RTD bus to get to and from the airport. They park their car at the Table Mesa Park-and-Ride; and then take the bus to and from the airport. Parking at the Park-and-Ride is free, and two weeks of parking is allowed. So, the overall cost is much less than driving to the airport and parking there. It's also greener and easier.
The stories about being checked at the Boulder county line for cigarettes in the car are false.
See
Pearl Street Mall, Boulder
• Downtown[5] covers a large area, with the Pearl Street Mall (see below) at its core. Downtown features shopping, eating, and entertainment for all ages. Be sure to check out the restaurants on Walnut Street, between 9th Street and Broadway, as they offer several good options just off the Pearl Street Mall. Also check out the West End of Pearl Street, between 8th Street and the Pearl Street Mall, as it offers additional shopping and more restaurant options. For home furnishings, make sure to check out Pearl Street's East End, from the Pearl Street Mall to 20th Street. Stop by the Boulder Farmers Market [6] on 13th St., between Canyon and Arapaho Avenues, on Saturday mornings and Wednesday evenings - an experience not to miss.
• Pearl Street Mall. This four block long downtown pedestrian walking mall is surrounded by historic buildings containing shopfronts and restaurants. Along Pearl Street you will find many boutiques and independent shops featuring everything from clothing to trinkets and art. Also along Pearl Street are some national chain shops, and several street performers. For food, the Pearl Street area offers a large variety of cuisines from around the world, and is priced from $8 to $30 per person.
• Pearl Street Performers. As you stroll down Pearl Street, there are many street performers (when the weather is nice). One of the most famous is the "zip-code man" [7] this is one performance not to miss. He knows every zip code throughout the entire world and there is always a huge crowd around him. Other performers include magicians, mimes, and other assortments of crazy acts. Pearl Street is always somewhere to find live entertainment. Make sure to come at the right time though, usually in the winter the performers are not out, obviously.
• University Hill, [8]. This small area is located West of Broadway across from the main campus of the University of Colorado at Boulder. Commonly referred to as just 'The Hill,' the area caters to college students with a variety of restaurants and bars, and services such as barbershops, bookstores, and coffee houses. There are also several entertainment venues that showcase up-and-coming talent from around the world.
• University of Colorado at Boulder, [9]. The flagship institution of the state of Colorado, CU (as it's called locally) has a 600-acre campus, with beautiful gardens and buildings tucked away in its mainly pedestrian core that's worth a visit. Check out the Heritage Center [10] located in the Old Main building, for a look at the history of CU. There are also art galleries and museums located throughout campus.
Do
• Boulder Creek Path, [11]. This miles-long path sits on the banks of the Boulder Creek, cutting right through the middle of town. Along this path you will find beautiful walking, biking, and other forms of recreation. In the downtown area, pick up the path at Civic Park, located on Broadway, between Canyon and Arapaho Avenues. In the summer, many parts of the creek become popular swimming holes. You can buy (and fill) inner tubes at local gas stations, should you want to have a down-the-creek journey. It follows Boulder Creek, making this path anything but boring.
• Chautauqua Park, at Baseline Ave and 8th Street, [12]. Located at the base of the Flatiron's rock formations. For a minor hike, take the trail to the 3rd Flatiron. This hike will show you sweeping vistas of town and an up-close and personal look at the Flatiron's rock formations. During the summer months, the Boulder Symphony performs at Chautauqua, with the mountains as a stunning backdrop.
• Front Range Climbing, 1370 Windmill Ave., Phone: 1-303-840-7270, [13]. offers climbing trips through the Colorado Front Range, including Boulder Canyon.
• Whitewater Tube Co., 204 Canyon Blvd (at The Watershed School), (720) 436-9196, During summer time, it is popular to go tubing on Boulder Creek. Either rent from Whitewater or buy a tube at a local service station.
• Happy Thursday Cruising, Every Thursday during the summer, a lot of people gather up in front of wahoo's restaurant and go around the city with bikes. Each week they have a different theme to wear. [14]
• NCAR Trails, Green Mountain, Bear Mountain Trails.
• The Caritas Spiritis Center
• The Shambala Center
• Celestial Seasons Tea Factory. Take the tour through this famous tea company. Check out the mint room, it is VERY intense.
• Fox Theatre, 1135 13th St (On the Hill), (303) 443-3399, [15]. A great music venue located on the hill. Has been nominated for best venue in the US.
• Flagstaff Mountain. Flagstaff Mountain is a must-do. Follow Baseline Road West up the mountain, it is a windy, long road but the view is breathtaking. From up top, there is a beautiful view looking down on Boulder. The view from the other side is the Rocky Mountains. There are picnic areas, an ampitheatre, bike and walking trails, Summit Nature Center, the Flagstaff House and views that you can not get anywhere else. A great place to relax or enjoy with friends.
• South Boulder Creek Trail, [16]. Good walking/biking trail, but the unique feature of this trail is that there are prairie dogs everywhere!
• Eldorado Canyon State Park, 9 Kneale Road, [17]. Eldorado Canyon State Park is a local state park to see the wilderness and beauty of this Colorado area.
• Eldora Mountain Resort, 2861 Eldora Ski Road #140, [18]. Located 21 miles west of Boulder. This easy to get to mountain (via car or RTD) is a local ski resort if travelers do not want to make the 2 hours trip to the main Colorado mountains.
Buy
• Eldora Mountain Sports, 2775 Canyon Blvd (28th & Canyon). Retail store located in Boulder. Purchase lift tickets, season passes and retail items on your way up to the Resort.
• Albums on the Hill, 1128 13th St (on University Hill), 303-447-0159, [19]. 10-9 M-Sat, 12-6 Sunday. Boulder's only remaining dedicated record store. Sells records, CDs, DVDs and more.
Eat
University of Colorado at Boulder
• Khow Thai, 1600 Broadway, 303.447.0273, [20]. M-F 11-3 & 5-10; Sat-Sun 4-10. Tucked into a small space on the east side of Broadway just south of Arapahoe Ave, this restaurant has repeatedly been voted the best Thai food in Boulder. Not expensive and really good, especially the green curry. The owner is surprisingly anti-veg*n, so don't expect gracious substitutions or a warm reception.
• The Kitchen, 1039 Pearl Street, 303.544.5973, [21]. M-F 8-close; Sat-Sun 9-2, 5:30 to close. A fantastic neighborhood bistro that sources most of its food from local growers and producers. Open 7 days a week for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Located at the west end of Pearl Street. Check out Monday night's Community Dinner, a $35 prix fixe meal that's off-menu, served family style around a huge table -- it's the best deal in town for the variety, quality, and quantity of food (reservations recommended).
• Centro, 950 Pearl Street (near Pearl and 10th), (303) 442-7771.
• Boulder Dushanbe Teahouse, 1770 13th Street, 303-442-4993, [22]. 8AM-9PM. A great place to enjoy a cup of tea and enjoy architecture from half way around the world. The food is moderately portioned and deliciously prepared. In the summers, outside dining is available, and when the rose garden is in bloom it is amazing.
• Illegal Pete's, 1530 16th Street, 303-623-2169, [23]. A favorite for students of CU-Boulder, there is a location on "The Hill," close to Jones Drugs, across the street from the CU Economics Building, and one on the far east side of the Pearl Street Mall. Economically priced, very generously proportioned Mexican food and beer. Perfect college town restaurant. The burritos are out of this world.
• West End Tavern, 926 Pearl Street, 303-444-3535, [24]. The classic American tavern is reborn! The rooftop deck is open (weather permitting), affording remarkable views of the Flatirons beneath 300 days of sunshine a year. Visit the Boulder locals' favorite for a cold brew and some good eats.
• Brasserie 1010, 1011 Walnut Street, 303-998-1010, [25]. For a more expensive meal, visit Brasserie 1010, on Walnut Street downtown, where french-inspired cuisine is served in an elegant setting with delicious daily specials.
• Sushi Zanmai, 1221 Spruce (one block north of Pearl Street), 303-440-0733, [26]. Zanmai is a traditional sushi house with the best rolls in town. Reasonably priced, watch as sushi chefs prepare your meal at the sushi bar. For the best deals, go to Happy Hour, from 5PM-6:30PM or all day Sunday. Try the Z-Number 9 and the Firecracker role or for an appetizer try the green mussels.
• Q's Restaurant, 2115 13th Street, 303-442-4880, [27]. Q's is located in the Hotel Boulderado. Q's delivers it's extraordinary cuisine at reasonable prices. For a truly exquisite display of the culinary arts, this is the place to be.
• Boulder Chophouse, 1735 19th Street #100, (303) 296-0800, [28]. Yes, it's part of a national chain, but it's still worth a visit to experience wonderful beef and seafood in a moderately priced environment.
• Flagstaff House, (303) 442-4640, [29]. Su-F 6PM-10PM, Sa 5PM-10PM. Tucked up on Flagstaff Mountain, the Flagstaff House has breathtaking views of the City of Boulder just below it. Visit for cocktails, dessert, or stay for a full meal, the views will astonish you. Located up Baseline Ave, on Flagstaff Mountain, just 3 minutes outside of town. If you are just visiting Boulder, this is a definite must!
• Mountain Sun/Southern Sun, On the East End of the Pearl Street walking mall, the Mountain Sun is well-known for homebrewed beers, but also serves seriously tasty American fare. In the last 5 years, it built a sister restaurant in South Boulder, the Southern Sun, that is roomier and even more raucous. It's loud and filled with earthy Boulder locals. At dinner no matter what day of the week, you may wait for 20-30 minutes for a booth, but their quesadillas, nachos, salads, burgers, pizzas, and vegetarian options are sure to please every time. (Note: Neither the Mountain or Southern Sun accept credit cards, and can be flaky about out-of-state checks. Both have ATMs onsite.)
• The Cork, 3295 30th St., (303) 443-9505, [30]. A high quality restaurant since 1969, serving excellent dishes from prime rib to lobster ravioli. Located on the west side of 30th street.
• Sherpa's, 825 Walnut St., (303) 440-7151, [31]. Run by Pemba Sherpa, this restaurant is just outside off Broadway and Pearl. Featuring authentic Nepalese food that is made fresh to order, this restaurant is a must of Boulder.
• Bimbamboo, 1710 Pearl Street, 303-442-4575, [32]. 11am - 9pm Every Day. Bimbamboo is a new Asian restaurant concept delivering a unique and modern spin on Asian food. A bold and distinctive fusion of Thai, Vietnamese, Indian, Korean, Malaysian and Japanese flavors. Whether you want a quick workday lunch or to linger over cocktails and dinner with family and friends, Bimbamboo is a welcome adventure in taste. $$. (40.022899,-105.271962)
• Jax Fish House, 928 Pearl Street. Home to Top Chef Season 5 winner Hosea Rosenberg
• The Boulder Dushanbe Teahouse, 1770 13th Street, 303-442-4993, [33]. Welcome all tealovers. This teahouse is absolutely beautiful, serving the best tea from around the world. Located in the center of Boulder, right near Pearl Street.
Drink
• The Sink, [34]. The sink is a Boulder institution with its colorful walls, great food and stories past (Robert Redford was the janitor) it attracts a large crowd for burgers, beer, gourmet pizza, and drinks almost every day of the week. Bring a black magic marker, and you can sign your name on the ceiling like generations of graduating CU seniors. Do not write on the walls, though.
• Mountain Sun/Southern Sun, [35]. Two locations in Boulder for your delight. The original Mountain Sun is located on the east end of Pearl Street while newer location, called the Southern Sun, is in South Boulder at the intersection of South Broadway and Table Mesa in the Table Mesa Shopping Center. Some excellent beers (particularly the Java Porter) and often excellent Boulder granola music. Remember that it's a cash only bar.
• Boulder Beer, [36]. Claims to be Colorado's first microbrewery, but there is no doubt that their beers have been around forever in Boulder. Brewery/Pub is located in north Boulder (in what always seemed an odd location) near the train tracks and off of Valmont near Foothills Parkway. They make great beers and have excellent happy hour deals.
• Walnut Brewery, [37]. Boulder's original brewpub that serves up a generous (and one of my favorites) heaping-high plate of nachos. Many classic beers that Boulderites rave about years after they leave Boulder. Located in the heart of Boulder on Walnut St, near 11th. Parking can be a pain in this area; best to use the parking garage across the street and hope for validation of your ticket.
• Red Fish Brewhouse, [38]. Classic small-scale brewpub in the heart of Boulder. New Orleans style food, great happy hours, and they even serve an organic beer (Tree Hugger is a great try). The restaurant has one of the largest big-screens in Boulder to watch the game, and small local bands in the evenings. Located on 13th and Spruce, one block off Pearl Street and across from the Boulderado Hotel.
Sleep
Budget
• Boulder International Hostel, 1107 12th Street, (303) 442-0522, [39]. The cheapest place to stay in Boulder, just two blocks off the University campus and adjacent to University Hill. The hostel offers both dorm and private rooms, and caters to out-of-state and foreign travelers. It has spartan rooms but friendly people.
• Boulder University Inn , 1632 Broadway, (303) 417-1700, [40]. The most affordable downtown lodging option. It is one of three hotels officially located downtown- the other two are upscale establishments (Boulderado and St Julien). Rooms are clean and spacious. Has wireless internet, a business center, and an outdoor swimming pool. Across from Whole Foods. Easy walk to the University and downtown's Pearl St.
• Rodeway Inn & Suites, 555 30th Street, (303) 444-3330, [41]. Within walking distance of The University of Colorado at Boulder, this hotel offers amenities for business travelers and vacationers alike.
Moderate
• Briar Rose Bed and Breakfast, 2151 Arapahoe Avenue, 303-442-3007, [42]. Bed and breakfast in the heart of Boulder offers organic breakfast, fine teas, private baths and ecologically-conscious hospitality. Walk to C.U., Naropa, Pearl Street and the 29th Street Mall.
• Boulder Inn, 770 28th Street, 303-449-3800, [43]. Prominently located directly across from the University, the Boulder Inn gives guests easy access to Boulder's principal attractions, NIST, NOAA, premier shopping, and extraordinary dining. Stylish, well-appointed rooms reflect a gracious ambiance, found throughout the hotel.
• Boulder Outlook Hotel, 800 28th Street, 303-443-3322, [44]. This new hotel is located adjacent to the University of Colorado at Boulder, and is the quintessential Boulder hotel experience. They have a black lagoon pool and a rock climbing area indoors. They even allow you to bring your dog along to stay with you.
• Housing Helpers, 2865 Baseline Road, 303-545-6000, [45]. Offers high quality executive rental apartments and homes backed by superior customer service. Housing Helpers corporate rentals are more comfortable, convenient and affordable than a hotel.
• Quality Inn & Suites CU Boulder, 2020 Arapahoe Ave, 303-449-7550, [46]. Located in the heart of downtown Boulder, this hotel is walking distance to The University of Colorado, Boulder, and minutes away from the Pearl Street Mall
• Residence Inn Boulder, 3030 Center Green Dr., 3034495545, [47].
Splurge
• Alps Boulder Canyon Inn, 38619 Boulder Canyon Drive, (303)444-5445 (800)414-2577 (), [48]. checkin: 4:00pm; checkout: 11:00am. This historic 1870's mansion/castle was originally built of local stone and log construction. The Alps is now luxurious and completly remodeled into an award winning three-star bed and breakfast country inn[49]. The Inn is located just 5 min. from downtown Boulder in scenic Boulder Canyon surrounded by City of Boulder mountain parks and sits across from Boulder creek. Perfect for romantic getaways, outdoor enthusiasts, special occasions, parties, weddings [50] and ceremonies. The Alps offers complimentary gourment breakfast, afternoon tea, evening desserts, high-speed internet, local and domestic long-distance calling.
• Hotel Boulderado, 2115 Thirteenth Street, (303) 442-4344, [51]. A three-star getaway located one block off the Pearl Street Mall, with easy downtown access. Everything is within a five minute walk and you don't even need to worry about finding a parking place.
• St. Julien Hotel, 900 Walnut Street, 720-406-9696, [52]. This new three-star hotel is the luxury experience in downtown Boulder. Located at 9th and Walnut streets, the St. Julien offers everything you could desire while only being three blocks from the Pearl Street Mall.
Cope
Stay safe
Crime and personal safety
Boulder has a very low crime rate and has no bad neighborhoods, but use common sense. University Hill, which is bordered by Baseline, Broadway, and Canyon can become raucous in the evenings, especially on weekends. Downtown Boulder, especially at night, is frequented by panhandlers, who can be aggressive at times but are not dangerous. Aggressive panhandling is illegal in Boulder, and you may report it to the police. Throughout the hiking trails near university property, Boulder has black posts lit with a blue light that have emergency phones in them that only dial 911. Due to a growing number of rapes during the 2008/2009 school year, it is not advised for girls to walk alone after 1 a.m. on the hill or near Pearl St. Mall.
Outdoors
Boulder has a dry climate and during any season, dehydration can be a problem for visitors and residents alike. Drink plenty of water. If you go hiking in the evening, bring two quarts of water. At night, temperatures drop remarkably, so bring warm clothing if you'll be out at night. (This is true even during summer months.) Be aware of mountain lions while hiking .
Get out
There are a very large number of opportunities for outdoor recreation. Go to the Gallery map store or to the Boulder Bookstore and buy maps and a guide. Local favorites include the Anne U White hiking trail, the Chatauqua trails, White Rock, Eagle Trail, Boulder Creek, Dowdy Draw, Green Mountain, and Walker Ranch.
For Skiers/Snowboarders, the closest resort is Eldora, located near Nederland, CO. It takes about 45-60 minutes to drive there from Downtown. The 'N' RTD Bus to Nederland runs to Eldora during ski season.
This is a guide article. It has a variety of good, quality information including hotels, restaurants, attractions, arrival and departure info. Plunge forward and help us make it a star!
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Difference between revisions of "Lanaudière"
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Canada : Quebec : Lanaudière
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(Regions)
(copyvio spree Undo revision 599915 by Special:Contributions/142.213.254.2 (User talk:142.213.254.2))
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'''Lanaudière''' [http://www.lanaudiere.ca/] is the region of [[Quebec]] between [[Montreal]] and the [[Mauricie]].
'''Lanaudière''' [http://www.lanaudiere.ca/] is the region of [[Quebec]] between [[Montreal]] and the [[Mauricie]].
==Region==
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==Regions==
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'''Green spaces alive with music [http://www.bonjourquebec.com/qc-en/lanaudiere0.html]'''
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Come breathe the fresh air right at Montréal's doorstep-in the Lanaudière region! Adventures abound in this rural area along the St. Lawrence River (in the southern region), on its country roads, and in its wilderness (further to the north). Almost everywhere, you can find trails for hikers, cyclists, skiers, in-line skaters, ATV enthusiasts and snowmobilers. Nestled in the rural countryside, the towns vibrate to the rhythm of cultural and sporting events, including the Festival international de Lanaudière, the most prestigious classical music festival in Canada. Gourmets and gourmands can indulge in the regional specialties of the Lanaudière, one of the oldest agricultural regions in Québec.
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==Cities and towns==
==Cities and towns==
Revision as of 01:20, 28 June 2007
Lanaudière [1] is the region of Quebec between Montreal and the Mauricie.
Contents
Regions
Cities and towns
Other destinations
Understand
Talk
Get in
Get around
See
Itineraries
Do
Eat
Drink
Stay safe
Get out
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Difference between revisions of "London/Hammersmith and Fulham"
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England : London : Hammersmith and Fulham
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(Eat)
(updated listing Abu Zaad)
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'''Uxbridge Road''' is noted for good-value and diverse restaurants.
'''Uxbridge Road''' is noted for good-value and diverse restaurants.
* <eat name="Abu Zaad" alt="" address="29 Uxbridge Rd" directions="" phone="+44 20 8749 5107" email="" fax="" url="" hours="M-Su 11AM-11PM" price="Average price £10">Authentic Syrian fare. Great value.</eat>
+
* <eat name="Abu Zaad" alt="" address="29 Uxbridge Rd W12 8LH" directions="tube: Shepherd's Bush" phone="+44 20 8749 5107" url="" hours="M-Su 11AM-11PM" price="Average price £10" lat="" long="" email="" fax="">Authentic Syrian fare. Great value.</eat>
*<eat name="King Solomon's" alt="" address="300 Uxbridge Rd" directions="" phone="+44 20 8749 1355" url="" hours="" price="£3-7" lat="" long="">Try the falafel kebab and hummus -- delicious! The take away menu is well priced, falafel is only £3.</eat>
*<eat name="King Solomon's" alt="" address="300 Uxbridge Rd" directions="" phone="+44 20 8749 1355" url="" hours="" price="£3-7" lat="" long="">Try the falafel kebab and hummus -- delicious! The take away menu is well priced, falafel is only £3.</eat>
Revision as of 10:53, 25 December 2009
BBC Television Centre, Shepherd's Bush
Hammersmith and Fullham is a borough in west London.
Contents
Understand
This is a large district of the inner west of London.
The most well known part of the district is perhaps Shepherd's Bush which has long been a first home in London to second and first generation immigrants. While this is less true today than in the past, the area undergoing gradual gentrification, beautification and development, there is still a substantial expatriate population (including a great many travelling Antipodeans).
Culturally, Shepherd's Bush is well known as the home of the BBC with the Television Centre located on Wood Lane in the White City sub-district. The Bush was also the fictional home of Steptoe & Son at Oil Drum Lane. The members of two influential British bands, The Who and the Sex Pistols grew up in Shepherd's Bush.
Elsewhere in the district, the residential riverside areas of Fulham have been hugely gentrified in the past 20 years and it is now sometimes difficult to determine where (previously much grander) Chelsea ends and Fulham begins. Fulham is also home to the EPL football team Fulham FC.
Get in
By tube
Tube stations servicing this district are:
• Shepherd's Bush (Central line)
• White City (Central line)
• Hammersmith (Piccadily, District and Hammersmith & City lines)
• Goldhawk Road (Hammersmith & City line)
• Baron's Court (District line)
• West Kensington (District line)
• Fulham Broadway (District line)
• Parson's Green (District line)
• Putney Bridge (District line)
By bus
Bus 94 runs between Piccadilly Circus, via Oxford Street, Notting Hill, Holland Park, Shepherd's Bush and Chiswick to Acton Green (also a Night Bus service).
Buses 28, 74, 190, 391, 414, 430, and night buses N11, N22 and N28, all stop in Fulham.
By train
Shepherds Bush Railway Station is served by three trains per hour between Clapham Junction and Willesden Junction, and one train per hour between Milton Keynes and East Croydon.
By road
The A219 links Fulham with the A205 (South Circular) and with the A4.
Get around
The Gatehouse at Fulham Palace
See
• Fulham Palace, Bishop's Avenue, SW6 6EA, + 44 20 7736 3233 (), [1]. Sa 11AM-2PM, Su 11.30AM-3.30PM, M&Tu noon-4PM. The former retreat of the Bishops of London now incorporates Bishop's Park and is a lovely green area in a heavily built part of London as well as home to some important historic buildings. Also a museum which charts the history of the palace back to the 11th century and a small cafe. Free.
Do
Cinema, Theatre and concerts
• Bush Theatre, Shepherd's Bush Green W12 (tube: Shepherd's Bush), _44 20 8743 3584, [2]. Home of the Alternative Theatre Company and dedicated to breaking new plays and new writers.
• Irish Culture Centre, Blacks Rd W6 9DT (tube: Hammersmith), +44 20 8563 8232 (), [3]. Regular performances of Irish music and Irish art exhibitions.
• MyVue Cinema, West 12 Shopping and Leisure Centre, Shepherd's Bush (tube: Shepherd's Bush), [4]. Large chain multiplex showing all the big films in comfort and some style
• 02 Shepherd's Bush Empire, Shepherd's Bush Green W12 8TT (tube: Shepherd's Bush), +44 20 8354 3300 (), [5]. Built in 1903 and at the centre of the entertainment scene ever since, the Empire is one of London's premier live music venues, with an emphasis on contemporary rock and pop.
Other
• BBC Television Centre Tours, Wood Lane W12 7RJ, +44 28 9053 5904, [6]. Take the tour of BBC with a BBC Backstage Tour. £7-9.50.
• Fulham FC, Craven Cottage, Stevenage Road, SW6 6HH (Craven Cottage is about 10 min walk from both Putney Bridge and Parsons Green tube stations), +44 870 442 1222 (), [7]. The home of EPL football team Fulham.
Buy
• Fulham Broadway, (Around the tube station of the same name). Shopping centre.
• Shepherds Bush Market, Uxbridge Rd (Tube: Goldhawk Road). Contains an astonishing array of goods with Afro-Caribbean, Middle Eastern and Indian cultural influences combining and vying for the shopper's attention.
• Westfield Shopping Centre, Ariel Way W12 7GF (tube: Shepherd's Bush), +44 20 3371 2300. The largest urban shopping mall in the whole of Europe. Vast array of stores, restaurants and a 14 screen cinema.
Eat
There are loads of great restaurants in Fulham along the high streets and also a distinct lack of any chain restaurants (don't worry, you can find all of these along Putney High St if you're desperate). It is often a good idea to just start walking along any of the main roads and you should have more choice of places to eat than you will ever need.
Budget
Uxbridge Road is noted for good-value and diverse restaurants.
• Abu Zaad, 29 Uxbridge Rd W12 8LH (tube: Shepherd's Bush), +44 20 8749 5107. M-Su 11AM-11PM. Authentic Syrian fare. Great value. Average price £10.
• King Solomon's, 300 Uxbridge Rd, +44 20 8749 1355. Try the falafel kebab and hummus -- delicious! The take away menu is well priced, falafel is only £3. £3-7.
• Raj of India, 46 Shepherd's Bush Road W6 7PJ (tube: Shepherd's Bush), +44 20 7602 9112. Very reasonable prices and good service at this popular Indian restaurant.
• Red Sea Restaurant, 382 Uxbridge Rd W12 7LL (tube: Shepherd's Bush), +44 20 8749 6888. All manner of Middle Eastern food with Eritrean and Ethiopian also thown in! All at very reasonable prices.
Mid-range
• The Blue Elephant, 3-6 Fulham Broadway (tube: Fulham Broadway), +44 20 7385 6595 (), [8]. noon-2:30PM, 6:30PM-11:30PM. Exuberant Thai restaurant decorated to look like a rainforest, including an indoor waterfall and pond with fish. Food is generally good without being exceptional. You pay for the atmosphere. Starters £8-10, main £12-20.
• Fiesta Havana, 490-492 Fulham Rd SW6 5NH (tube: Fulham Broadway), +44 20 7381 5005, [9]. Latin themed restaurant with live DJs and staff who will give you Salsa classes in between courses! The set Tapas menu for £10 is very popular.
• Hell Pizza, 369 North End Rd SW6 1NY (tube: Fulham Broadway), +44 845 666 6999, [10]. A New Zealand pizza restaurant with a couple of locations in England. Gourmet pizzas (including gluten-free options) and ribs.
• Le Cinnamon, 158B Shepherd's Bush Rd W6 7PB (tube: Hammersmith), +44 20 7602 8899, [11]. Odd name for an Indian restaurant but that's what it is and a very good one to boot. Contemporary takes on many classic Indian dishes.
• Miraggio, 510 Fulham Rd SW6 5NJ (tube: Fulham Broadway), +44 20 7384 9774. Ever-popular family-owned Italian restaurant. BYOB no problem. Has an adjoining deli.
Splurge
Drink
Shepherds Bush Green contains many large chain pubs. Uxbridge Road and Goldhawk Road have smaller, more laid-back bars and gastro-pubs. Fulham is full of highly rated, popular pubs some of them right by the Thames.
• The Dove, 19 Upper Mall W6 9TA (tube: Ravenscourt Park). This pretty 17th century riverside establishment may be London's smallest pub.
• Duke on the Green, 235 New King's Road SW6 4XG (tube: Parson's Green), +44 20 7736 2777 (), [12]. Very popular Young's pub at the Fulham end of the King's Rd.
• The Goldhawk, 122 Goldhawk Rd W12 8HH (tube: Goldhawk Road), +44 20 8576 6921. Popular local pub, good food and wine.
• The Morrison Bar and Lounge, 648 King's Rd SW6 2DU, +44 20 7610 9859 (), [13]. Smart bar on the King's Rd in the heart of Fulham. Has a popular resident guitarist.
• The Walkabout (Walkie), 56 Shepherd's Bush Green W12 8QE (tube: Shepherd's Bush), +44 20 8740 4339, [14]. Largest concentration of Australians and Kiwi's in London. Expect lots of Antipodean sports.
• The White Horse, 1-3 Parson's Green SW6 4UL (tube: Parsons Green), +44 20 7736 2115, [15]. Awarded best Pub of the years several times, it offers an extensive choice of local and imported beers, both draught and bottled. It also serves restaurant grade meals. Interesting particularity, each one of them is matched with a beer. Somewhat expensive, but it is a must.
Sleep
Shepherd's Bush and Hammersmith are well known as the home of many discount hotels (some of low quality, unfortunately) and B&Bs. With the gradual gentrification of the area, more comfortable and expensive options are appearing.
Budget
• Abbey Hotel, 23 Wood Lane W12 7DP (tube: Shepherd's Bush), +44 20 8749 8780 (), [16]. Budget hotel close to the BBC Television Centre. Discounts for long stays. £69.
• Adria Hotel, 44 Glenthorne Rd W6 0LS (tube: Hammersmith), +44 20 8742 6674, [17]. A four generation family run hotel with excellent transport connections and good value for money. Regularly refurbished. £69.
• Grantly Hotel, 50 Shepherds Bush Green W12 8PS (tube: Goldhawk Road), +44 20 8743 4345 (). No-frills budget hotel in an converted Edwardian house. Single, Double and Family rooms available. £67.
• Jim's Guest House, 26 Aldine St W12 8AN (tube: Shepherd's Bush), +44 20 8743 0456 (), [18]. Good value bed and breakfast. Family suite available. From £79.
• Plaza Hotel, 53 Shepherds Bush Rd W6 7LU (tube: Goldhawk Road), +44 20 7603 2667, [19]. Actually three hotels all run by the same company - The Plaza, The Rex and The Acropolis. All similar standard and nearby to each other. From about £40.
• Royal Guest House, 47 Shepherds Bush Rd W6 7LU (tube: Goldhawk Road), +44 20 7603 4528 (), [20]. Very cheap guesthouse within walking distance of Shepherd's Bush and Hammersmith. Triple rooms available. From £45.
Mid-range
• Jurys Inn Chelsea Hotel, Imperial Rd, Imperial Wharf SW6 2GA, +44 20 7411 2200, [21]. Affordable hotel of one of the better hotel chains. All rooms are ensuite and large by London standards. From £79.
• La Reserve, 422-428 Fulham Rd SW6 1DU (tube: Fulham Broadway), +44 20 7385 8561, [22]. Small hotel with 43 rooms in the extreme south-east of the district bodering Chelsea. £95.
• Novotel London West, 1 Shortlands, Hammersmith W6 8DR (tube: Hammersmith), +44 20 8741 1555, [23]. Very large business-class hotel. The rooms are reasonably priced with basic amenities in each room. Wireless internet available, or basic internet through the room's television. English breakfast available at extra charge. Restaurant/Bar/Lounge, massage center, concierge, cash machine, shoe shine machine, tourist information desk, porter, dry cleaning/ironing available, currency exchange, pets allowed with deposit. From about £130.
• Premier Inn, 3 Putney Bridge Approach SW6 3JD (tube Putney Bridge), +44 870 238 3302, [24]. In the extreme south of the district close to the Thames From £90.
Splurge
• K-West, Richmond Way (tube: Shepherd's Bush), +44 20 8743 3206, [25]. Modern, fashionable hotel with a day spa. From around £150.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8301.0.55.001 - Manufacturing Production, Australia, Dec 2006
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 13/02/2007
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
EXPLANATORY NOTES
INTRODUCTION
1 This publication presents estimates of production of selected manufacturing commodities for Australia.
SCOPE AND COVERAGE
2 Data presented in this publication are collected from ABS surveys of manufacturing production.
3 Production statistics sourced from ABS manufacturing production surveys are not collected from single establishment manufacturing businesses with fewer than four persons employed, nor from establishments predominantly engaged in non-manufacturing activities but which may carry out some manufacturing in a minor way. However, in general, the contribution of these small producers to statistical aggregates is only marginal, and data contained in this publication provide reliable information for the evaluation of movements in commodity production.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
4 ABS publications draw extensively on information provided freely by individuals, businesses, governments and other organisations. Their continued cooperation is very much appreciated: without it, the wide range of statistics published by the ABS would not be available. Information received by the ABS is treated in strict confidence as required by the Census and Statistics Act 1905.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
5 Other ABS publications which may be of interest are:
Australian Industry, 2001-02 and 2002-03 (cat. no. 8155.0)
Electricity, Gas, Water and Sewerage Operations, Australia, 2003-04 (cat. no. 8226.0)
Manufacturing, Australia, 2002 (cat. no. 8225.0)
Manufacturing Industry, Australia, 2003-04 (cat. no. 8221.0)
Manufacturing Industry, Australia, Preliminary, 2000-01 (cat. no. 8201.0)
OTHER PUBLISHED STATISTICS
6 The annual manufacturing production series for wool yarn and footwear are published in the September quarter issues of this publication.
ABS DATA AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
7 More detailed breakdowns and other commodity items collected by the ABS are available on request for a charge. Items for which additional production data are available are:
beer
cars and station wagons
children's footwear
clay bricks (for structural purposes)
clay bricks (for other than structural purposes)
concrete bricks, blocks and pavers
flour
hosiery
lawn mowers
malt
men's footwear
plasterboard
Portland cement and cement clinkers
pre-mixed concrete
roofing tiles
semi-trailers
textile floor coverings
water heaters
women's footwear
wool yarn
8 Discontinued annual items for which historical production data are available to 2005-06 are:
cotton broadwoven fabric
man-made fibre broadwoven fabric
selected clothing
brassieres
knitted cardigans and jumpers
knitted sweatshirts and sloppy-joes
knitted underwear
long jeans
men's and boys' shirts
men's and boys' shorts
men's and boys' trousers
men's and boys' woven coats, blazers and jackets
men's complete suits
men's industrial overalls
sleepwear
swimwear
tracksuits and sweatsuits
women's and girls' overalls, slacks and other long trousers
women's and girls' shirts and blouses
women's and girls' woven coats, blazers and jackets
synthetic fibre yarn
wool broadwoven fabric
9 For further information, please contact Damian Sparkes on Adelaide (08) 8237 7425.
10 The value of sales for commodities produced (classified in accordance with the Manufacturing Input-Output Commodity Classification) is collected in the annual manufacturing industry survey, and is available on request for a charge. For further information, please contact John Ridley on Sydney (02) 9268 4541.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
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< Fanboy Roundup #2
Graphs With Python >
(2) BIDDLE NOWADAYS!: Someone's selling a laptop on eBay. Among the "REAL SCREEN SHOTS TAKEN FROM ACTUAL THE COMPUTER YOU WILL BE GETTING!!!!!!!" is the CNN screenshot from the Eater of Meaning (scroll down to "GO ONLINE TO THE INTERNET"). Plus things that aren't even screenshots, just the result of Google Image searches.
Ordinarily I 403 people trying to use Crummy images to spice up their eBay auctions, but I'll make an exception in this case. I guess if you bought this computer, the whole Internet would look eaten to you.
Filed under:
Comments:
Posted by Tomble at Tue Apr 26 2005 00:27
Oh my....
As I realised some years ago that the whole idea of eBay seemed to be about as safe as buying someone from some bloke down the pub, I don't really look at eBay sales very often. Are they usually so...
...colourful?
My brain hurts. I rather liked "Defend against viruses", and the example of a DVD cover for those who can't imagine one...
But I got a good laugh from the Eater Of Meaning screenshot, I must admit I'd not actually looked at it before :D Had a go myself at last, a chewy bit of fun :)
/plays some more
Posted by pedro at Tue Apr 26 2005 10:00
Best. eBay. Evar.
[Main]
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Capitalism 3.0: Chapter 5
Capitalism 3.0: Chapter 5
This article has been reviewed by the following Topic Editor: Robert Costanza
Reinventing the Commons
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
—Albert Einstein, 1929
Thus far I’ve argued that Capitalism 2.0—or surplus capitalism—has three tragic flaws: it devours nature, widens inequality, and fails to make us happier in the end. It behaves this way because it’s programmed to do so. It must make thneeds, reward property owners disproportionately, and distract us from truer paths to happiness because its algorithms direct it to do so. Neither enlightened managers nor the occasional zealous regulator can make it behave much differently.
In this part of the book I advance a solution. The essence of it is to fix capitalism’s operating system by adding a commons sector to balance the corporate sector. The new sector would supply virtuous feedback loops and proxies for unrepresented stakeholders: future generations, pollutees, and nonhuman species. And would offset the corporate sector’s negative externalities with positive externalities of comparable magnitude. If the corporate sector devours nature, the commons sector would protect it. If the corporate sector widens inequality, the commons sector would reduce it. If the corporate sector turns us into self-obsessed consumers, the commons sector would reconnect us to nature, community, and culture. All this would happen automatically once the commons sector is set up. The result would be a balanced economy that gives us the best of both sectors and the worst of neither.
To be sure, building an economic sector from scratch is a formidable task. Fortunately, the commons sector needn’t be built from scratch; it has an enormous potential asset base just waiting to be claimed. That asset base is the commons itself, the gifts of nature and society we inherit and create together. As we’ll see, these gifts are worth more than all private assets combined. It’s the job of the commons sector to organize and protect these gifts, and by so doing, to save capitalism from itself.
Our Common Wealth
Everyone knows what private wealth is, even if they don’t have much of it. It’s the property we inherit or accumulate individually, including fractional claims on corporations and mutual funds. In the United States in 2005, this private wealth (minus mortgages and other liabilities) totaled $48.5 trillion. As previously noted, the top 5 percent of Americans owns more of this treasure than the bottom 95 percent.
But there’s another trove of wealth that’s not so well-known: our common wealth. Each of us is the joint recipient of a vast inheritance. This shared inheritance includes air and water, habitats and ecosystems, languages and cultures, science and technologies, social and political systems, and quite a bit more.
Common wealth is like the dark matter of the economic universe—it’s everywhere, but we don’t see it. One reason we don’t see it is that much of it is, literally, invisible. Who can spot the air, an aquifer, or the social trust that underlies financial markets? The more relevant reason is our own blindness: the only economic matter we notice is the kind that glistens with dollar signs. We ignore common wealth because it lacks price tags and property rights.
I first began to appreciate common wealth when Working Assets launched its socially screened money market fund. My job was to write advertisements that spurred people to send us large sums of money. Our promise was that we’d make this money grow, without investing in really bad companies, and send it back—including the growth, but minus our management fee—any time the investor requested. It struck me as quite remarkable that people who didn’t know us from a hole in the wall would send us substantial portions of their savings. Why, I wondered, did they trust us?
The answer, of course, was that they didn’t trust us, they trusted the system in which we operated. They trusted that we’d prudently manage their savings not because we’d personally earned their confidence, but because they knew that if we didn’t, the Securities and Exchange Commission or some district attorney would bust us. Beyond that, they trusted that the corporations we invested in were honest in computing their incomes and reliable in meeting their obligations. That trust, and the larger system it’s based on, were built over generations, and we had nothing to do with it. In short, although Working Assets provided a service people willingly paid for, we also profited from a larger system we’d simply inherited.
I got another whiff of common wealth when Working Assets considered going public—that is, selling stock to strangers through an initial public offering. Our investment banker informed us that, simply by going public, we’d increase the value of our stock by 30 percent. He called this magic a liquidity premium. What he meant was that stock that can be sold in a market of millions is worth more than stock that has almost no market at all. This extra value would come not from anything we did, but from the socially created bonus of liquidity. We’d be reaping what others sowed. (In the end, we didn’t go public because we didn’t want to be subjected to Wall Street’s calculus.)
Trust and liquidity, I eventually realized, are just two small rivulets in an enormous river of common wealth that encompasses nature, community, and culture. Nature’s gifts are all those wondrous things, living and nonliving, that we inherit from the creation. Community includes the myriad threads, tangible and intangible, that connect us to other humans efficiently. Culture embodies our vast store of science, inventions, and art.
Despite its invisibility, the value of our common wealth is immense. How much, roughly, is it worth? It’s easy to put a dollar value on private assets; they’re traded regularly, so their exchange value—if not their intrinsic value—is readily knowable. This isn’t the case with common wealth. Many shared inheritances are valuable beyond measure. Others are potentially quantifiable, but there’s no current market for them.
Fortunately, economists are a clever lot, and they’ve developed methodologies to estimate the value of things that aren’t traded. Using such methodologies, it’s possible to get an order of magnitude for the value of common wealth. The conclusion that emerges from numerous studies is that even though much common wealth can’t be valued monetarily, the parts that can be valued are worth more than all private assets combined (see figure 5.1).
Figure 5.1. Reflects only quantifiable assets.
(Source: Friends of the Commons, State of the Commons, 2003–04. Reprinted with permission)
It’s worth noting that figure 5.1 understates the gap between common and private wealth. That’s partly because it omits much common wealth that can’t be quantified, and partly because a portion of the value attributed to private wealth is in fact an appropriation of common wealth. If this mislabeled portion is subtracted from private wealth and added to common wealth, the gap between the two widens further.
An example may help explain this. Suppose you buy a house for $300,000, and without improving it, sell it a few years later for $400,000. You pay off the mortgage and walk away with a pile of cash. Your private wealth increases. But think about what caused the house to rise in value. It wasn’t anything you did. Rather, it was the fact that your neighborhood became more popular. That, in turn, resulted from population shifts, a new highway perhaps, an improved school, or the beautification efforts of neighbors. In other words, your increased wealth is a capture of socially created value. It shows up as private wealth but is really a gift of society.
These numbers, crude as they are, tell us something important. Despite our obsession with private wealth, most of what we cherish, we share. To believe otherwise is to imagine a flower’s beauty owes nothing to nutrients in the soil, energy from the sun, or the activity of bees.
It’s time to notice our shared gifts. Not only that, it’s time to name them, protect them, and organize them. The practical question is how?
Common Property Is Property Too
In Dr. Seuss’s The Lorax, the eponymous character speaks for the trees, while his antagonist, the Once-ler, speaks for industry, jobs, and growth. Though both characters use clever language, it’s not an even match. The Once-ler has property rights, while the Lorax has only words. By the end of the story, the Once-ler has cut down all the truffula trees; the Lorax’s protests are eloquent but futile. The obvious moral is: trees need property rights too.
And why not? Property rights are useful human inventions. They’re legally enforceable agreements through which society grants specific privileges to owners. Among these are rights to use, exclude, sell, rent, lend, trade, or bequeath a particular asset. These assorted privileges can be bundled or unbundled almost any which way.
It’s largely through property rights that economies are shaped. Feudal economies were based on estates passed from lords to their eldest sons, alongside commons that sustained the commoners. Commoners were required, in one way or another, to labor for the lords, while the lords lived off that labor and the bounty of the land. The whole edifice was anchored by the so-called divine right of kings.
Similarly, capitalism is shaped by the property rights we create and honor today. Its greatest invention has been the web of property rights we call the joint stock corporation. This fictitious entity enjoys perpetual life, limited liability, and—like the feudal estate of yesteryear—almost total sovereignty. Its beneficial ownership has been fractionalized into tradeable shares, which themselves are a species of property.
There’s nothing about property rights, however, that requires them to be concentrated in profit-maximizing hands. You could, for example, set up a trust to own a forest, or certain forest rights, on behalf of future generations. These property rights would talk as loudly as shares of Pacific Lumber stock, but their purpose would be very different: to preserve the forest rather than to exploit it. If the Lorax had owned some of these rights, Dr. Seuss’s tale (and Pacific Lumber’s) would have ended more happily.
Imagine a whole set of property rights like this. Let’s call them, generically, common property rights. If such property rights didn’t exist, there’d be a strong case for inventing them. Fortunately, they do exist in a variety of forms—for example, land or easements held in perpetual trust, as by the Nature Conservancy, and corporate assets managed on behalf of a broad community, as by the Alaska Permanent Fund.
Some forms of common property include individual shares—again, the Alaska Permanent Fund is an example. These individual shares, however, differ from shares in private corporations. They’re not securities you can trade in a market; rather, they depend on your membership in the community. If you emigrate or die, you lose your share. Conversely, when you’re born into the community, your share is a birthright.
I recognize that, for some, turning common wealth into any kind of property is a sacrilege. As Chief Seattle of the Suquamish tribe put it, “How can you buy or sell the sky, the warmth of the land?” I empathize deeply with this sentiment. However, I’ve come to believe that it’s more disrespectful of the sky to pollute it without limit or payment than to turn it into common property held in trust for future generations. Hence, I favor propertization, but not privatization.
Organizing Principles of the Commons Sector
Property rights, especially the common kind, require competent institutions to manage them. What we need today, then, along with more common property, is a set of institutions, distinct from corporations and government, whose unique and explicit mission is to manage common property.
I say set of institutions because there will and should be variety. The commons sector should not be a monoculture like the corporate sector. Each institution should be appropriate to its particular asset and locale.
Some of the variety will depend on whether the underlying asset is limited or inexhaustible. Typically, gifts of nature have limited capacities; the air can safely absorb only so much carbon dioxide, the oceans only so many drift nets. Institutions that manage natural assets must therefore be capable of limiting use. By contrast, ideas and cultural creations have endless potential for elaboration and reuse. In these commons, managing institutions should maximize public access and minimize private tollbooths.
Despite their variations, commons sector institutions would share a set of organizing principles. Here are the main ones.
Leave Enough and as Good in Common
As Locke argued, it’s okay to privatize parts of the commons as long as “enough and as good” is left for everyone forever. Enough in the case of an ecosystem means enough to keep it alive and healthy. That much, or more, should be part of the commons, even if parts of the ecosystem are private. In the case of culture and science, enough means enough to assure a vibrant public domain. Exclusive licenses, such as patents and copyrights, should be kept to a minimum.
Put Future Generations First
Corporations put the interests of stockholders first, while government puts the interests of campaign donors and living voters first. No one at the moment puts future generations first. That’s Job Number One for the commons sector.
In practice, this means trustees of common property should be legally accountable to future generations. (We’ll see how this might work in chapter 6.) They should also be bound by the precautionary principle: when in doubt, err on the side of safety. And when faced with a conflict between short-term gain and long-term preservation, they should be required to choose the latter.
The More the Merrier
Whereas private property is inherently exclusive, common property strives to be inclusive. It always wants more co-owners or participants, consistent with preservation of the asset.
This organizing principle applies most clearly to commons like culture and the Internet, where physical limits are absent and increasing use unleashes synergies galore. It also applies to social compacts like Social Security and Medicare, which require universal participation. In these compacts, financial mechanisms express our solidarity with other members of our national community. They’re efficient and fair because they include everybody. Were they to operate under profit-maximizing principles, they’d inevitably exclude the poor (who couldn’t afford to participate) and anyone deemed by private insurers to be too risky.
One Person, One Share
Modern democratic government is grounded on the principle of one person, one vote. In the same way, the modern commons sector would be grounded on the principle of one person, one share.
In the case of scarce natural assets, it will be necessary to distinguish between usage rights and income rights. It’s impossible for everyone to use a limited commons equally, but everyone should receive equal shares of the income derived from selling limited usage rights.
Include Some Liquidity
Figure 5.2.
Currently, private property owners enjoy a near-monopoly on the privilege of receiving property income. But as the Alaska Permanent Fund shows, it’s possible for common property co-owners to receive income too.
Income sharing would end private property’s monopoly not only on liquidity, but also on attention. People would notice common property if they got income from it. They’d care about it, think about it, and talk about it. Concern for invisible commons would soar.
Common property liquidity has to be designed carefully, though. Since common property rights are birthrights, they shouldn’t be tradeable the way corporate shares are. This means commons owners wouldn’t reap capital gains. Instead, they’d retain their shared income stakes throughout their lives, and through such stakes, share in rent, royalties, interest, and dividends.
A Glimpse Ahead
Unlike a computer operating system, Capitalism 3.0 won’t come on a disk. It can’t be downloaded, either. It must be built in the real world, asset by asset and commons by commons. The process is summed up in figure 5.2 and described more fully in chapter 9.
Under Capitalism 2.0, private corporations devour unorganized commons with help from the state. The playing field is heavily tilted. During the transition phase, the state assigns rights to commons institutions, just as it does to corporations. The playing field begins to level off. Finally, under Capitalism 3.0, private corporations and organized commons enhance and constrain each other. The state maintains a level playing field.
The next chapter takes a more detailed look at commons trusts and their economics, while the following two chapters explore culture and community.
Notes
1. private wealth: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2006 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau, 2006), Table 703.
2. ecosystem services: Robert Costanza and Paul Sutton, “Global Estimates of Market and Non-Market Values Derived from Nighttime Satellite Imagery, Land Cover, and Ecosystem Service Valuation,” Ecological Economics, June 2002, pp. 509–527.
3. Internet income: Measuring the Internet Economy (Austin: Cisco Systems and the University of Texas, Jan. 2001).
4. Internet not-for-profit income: Arts and Economic Prosperity: The Economic Impact of Nonprofit Arts Organizations and Their Audiences (Washington, D.C.: Americans for the Arts, 2002).
5. “enough and as good”: Locke, Second Treatise.
This is a chapter from Capitalism 3.0: A Guide to Reclaiming the Commons (e-book).
Previous: Chapter 4. The Limits of Privatization | Table of Contents | Next: Chapter 6. Trusteeship of Creation
Citation
Peter Barnes (Lead Author);Robert Costanza (Topic Editor) "Capitalism 3.0: Chapter 5". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth September 23, 2008; Last revised Date September 23, 2008; Retrieved May 18, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Capitalism_3.0:_Chapter_5>
The Author
Peter Barnes is an entrepreneur and writer who has founded and led several successful companies. At present he is a senior fellow at the Tomales Bay Institute in Point Reyes Station, California. Barnes grew up in New York City and earned a B.A. in history from Harvard and an M.A. in government from Georgetown. He began his career as a reporter on The Lowell Sun (Massachusetts), and was subsequently a Washington correspondent for Newsweek and west coast correspondent for The New Republic. In 197 ... (Full Bio)
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Category:Denmark Genealogy Research Community membersEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
This category comprises members of the Denmark Genealogy Research Community.
Pages in category "Denmark Genealogy Research Community members"
The following 2 pages are in this category, out of 2 total.
B
• This page was last modified on 21 May 2012, at 21:34.
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About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
Arthritis
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 713618, 6 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/713618
Review Article
Pathological Role of Interleukin-6 in Psoriatic Arthritis
1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy and Rheumatic Diseases, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
2Department of Immunopathology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
3Department of Clinical Application of Biologics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Received 29 August 2012; Accepted 4 October 2012
Academic Editor: Ruben Burgos-Vargas
Copyright © 2012 Atsushi Ogata et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a clinical manifestation of psoriatic disease. Although the pathogenesis of PsA remains unknown, PsA can be managed by treatments similar to those used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Because interleukin-(IL-) 6 has been suggested to have a pathogenic role in PsA, a humanized anti-IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab treatment for PsA was recently tried. However, the efficacy of tocilizumab for PsA was not favorable. This suggests that the pathogenic roles of IL-6 in PsA and RA are different. In RA, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) primarily contributes to the arthritis effector phase and IL-6 contributes to the arthritis priming phase. In PsA, the TNF-related effector phase is similar to that in RA, but the IL-6-related priming phase might not be critical. This paper discusses the role of IL-6 in PsA.
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Nano Express
Strain-induced high ferromagnetic transition temperature of MnAs epilayer grown on GaAs (110)
Pengfa Xu1, Jun Lu1, Lin Chen1, Shuai Yan1, Haijuan Meng1, Guoqiang Pan2 and Jianhua Zhao1*
Author Affiliations
1 State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 912, Beijing 100083, China
2 National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
For all author emails, please log on.
Nanoscale Research Letters 2011, 6:125 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-125
Published: 9 February 2011
Abstract
MnAs films are grown on GaAs surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy. Specular and grazing incidence X-ray diffractions are used to study the influence of different strain states of MnAs/GaAs (110) and MnAs/GaAs (001) on the first-order magnetostructural phase transition. It comes out that the first-order magnetostructural phase transition temperature Tt, at which the remnant magnetization becomes zero, is strongly affected by the strain constraint from different oriented GaAs substrates. Our results show an elevated Tt of 350 K for MnAs films grown on GaAs (110) surface, which is attributed to the effect of strain constraint from different directions.
PACS: 68.35.Rh, 61.50.Ks, 81.15.Hi, 07.85.Qe
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Contributions
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