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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
8635.6.40.001 - Tourist Accommodation, Small Area Data, Tasmania, Dec 2002
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 21/03/2003 Ceased
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
• About this Release
ABOUT THIS RELEASE
Contains the results from the on-going quarterly Survey of Tourist Accommodation. Data provide information on the supply of, and demand for, tourist accommodation facilities. Data include number of establishments, capacity and employment for the quarter and occupancy and takings from accommodation for each month; by type of establishment and by star grading. This is a useful reference for policy makers and industry monitors and advisers. Details are provided for local areas and tourism regions in the State.
Since March quarter 1998 all hotels, motels and guest houses and serviced apartments with 15 or more rooms/units have been included in the survey. Every third year, beginning in 2000, the survey also includes caravan parks with 40 or more powered sites or cabins, visitor hostels with 25 or more bed spaces and holiday flats and units operated by owners, managers or real estate agents with sole letting rights to 15 or more units.
The State and Territory Tourist Accommodation publications, from 8635.1.40.001 to 8635.7.40.001, have been discontinued.
These have been continued by Data Cubes, in Excel format, from 8635.1.55.001 to 8635.8.55.001
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Video: Meet the C# Design Team with Anders Hejlsberg
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Video: Meet the C# Design Team with Anders Hejlsberg (Unpublished)
Here is a video on Channel 9 with the members of the C# design team. The discussion covers dynamic languages, concurrency, declarative programming, Attendees include Anders Hejlsberg, Paul Vick, Scott Wiltamuth, Mads Torgersen, Matt Warren, Eric Lippert and Jim Hugunin.
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Cheap Content Management in ASP.NET 2.0
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Cheap Content Management in ASP.NET 2.0 (Unpublished)
When the ASP.NET 2.0 Beta 2 was released, I put together a Web site for my kayaking club. ASP.NET now has a whole range of features that make development of portal sites and content management a lot easier.
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GlobalVoices in Learn more »
Italy
Country archive · 101 posts
Latest stories about Italy
7 May 2013
Congolese-Italian Woman Joins Italy's Cabinet
The nomination of Cecile Kyenge, an Italian professor of medicine originally from the DRC, to the position of Integration Minister in the new Italian government, was applauded by commentators on the African blogosphere.
6 May 2013
‘Hope, Service, Passion': Meet Laura Boldrini, Italy's Likable Leader in Parliament
Italy's most recent elections swept several non-career politicians into office. Among these new players on the Italian political scene is writer and human rights activist Laura Boldrini, whose popularity during her short time in office has skyrocketed thanks to a reputation for sincerity and compassion at a time when corruption is ever present in the country's politics.
20 March 2013
Italy: Grillo's Party Takes the Lead in Political Stalemate
Social media played an influential role in the success of M5S, leading to one of the youngest Parliaments in Europe -- but Italy's political stagnation is far from over.
27 February 2013
Why Are Tourists Not Wanted at French Carnival?
A video featuring a group of masked Carnival revelers in Dunkirk, France chanting "we don't like tourists" has some web users ruing the flood of visitors who come year after year unprepared for the festival's madness.
7 February 2013
Italy: Gay Couples Are Allowed to Raise Children, according to Supreme Court
A recent decision by Italy's Supreme Court has heated up the debate both online and offline. Judges seem inclined to reduce discrimination against LGBT couples, thus embracing the recommendations by the European Court of Human Rights.
17 January 2013
Sant'Egidio Community Helps Free Senegalese Hostages
Last December, eight Senegalese prisoners were freed following long negotiations led by the Sant'Egidio community. The hostages were taken by guerrillas who have been fighting for independence in Casamance, Senegal's most southern region, since 1982.
5 January 2013
Italy: #iostoconmarco, hunger strike against inhuman jail conditions
Marco Pannella, long-standing Radical Party leader, went on hunger-and-thirst strike demanding better living conditions in Italian jails -- with great support and lively discussion on social media. Now the hope is to see these topics included in political parties' programs leading up to February 2013 general elections.
17 November 2012
Hurdles in Making Italy's Illegal Workers ‘Legal’
The results of the legislative decree passed this summer in Italy to regularise thousands of illegal workers by regularisation of their undeclared employment, have not lived up to expectations. Here's a review of online reactions and analysis.
15 November 2012
Strike Across Southern Europe
November 14 witnessed the first strike of its kind, including all the southern European countries most affected by austerity and financial crisis. Events were covered by citizens on the street in realtime, including acts of solidarity, creativity, and reports of police brutality.
5 November 2012
Unemployed Young Italians: Too “Choosy” to Stay in Italy?
Recent statements by the Italian Minister of Labour's have created a controversy and online "craze" centred on chronic youth unemployment, while citizen initiatives are launched to keep young Italians from leaving the country in search of better opportunities.
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For the half-year to 30 June 2013, the IPKat's regular team is supplemented by contributions from guest bloggers Stefano Barazza, Matthias Lamping and Jeff John Roberts.
Two of our regular Kats are currently on blogging sabbaticals. They are Birgit Clark and Catherine Lee.
Thursday, 24 January 2013
Of courts and consultations: a call for action
Today the IPKat returns to an issue that has frequently been aired on this weblog: in the past he has ranted about this topic sua sponte, but now he is returning to it because he has just received one email too many from some asking him either (i) whether anything has been done about it yet, or (ii) why nothing has been done about it so far The topic is that of consultation mechanisms in situations in which a national or regional court within the European Union doesn't know the answer to a legal question and decides to ask the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) for its guidance.
The context in which this happens is, simply put, like this. Most EU legislation is in the form of Regulations, which are automatically binding on all 27 (soon to be 28) countries of the EU without any further legislative action on their part, and Directives, which tell the Member States what sort of rules they have to enact and then leave it to each Member State to enact it. The wording of both Regulations and Directives is often puzzling for courts to interpret, for one or more of the following non-exclusive list of reasons:
• The versions of Regulations and Directives that appear in different official languages of the EU may have different meanings or, even if they do not, may carry differences of nuance -- and there is no single version of the legislation that is more authoritative than another;
• On account of an inherent ambiguity or lack of specificity in the text, it may not be clear whether a Member State has properly implemented ('transposed') a Directive into its national law;
• There is no ambiguity or lack of clarity but, on a literal interpretation, the Regulation or Directive does not appear to be consistent with its aims as stated in the recitals contained in its Preamble;
• Two or more legislative texts may have a bearing on the same set of facts and guidance is needed as to which takes precedence (for example, laws on intellectual property, competition, unfair advertising and e-commerce);
• Courts in different jurisdictions may be applying the same law in different ways;
• The impact upon EU legislation of subsequent international treaties to which the EU and its Member States are party may be unknown.
When a court seeks a ruling from the CJEU, the form in which it does so may be determined by the court by itself or following consultation with the parties to the litigation as to the precise form that its questions will take. In either case, the questions are required to be relevant to the facts of the case before the court on the basis that the CJEU's answers are necessary if the case before the referring court is to be decided. Although the request for a ruling comes from a court of a single jurisdiction, the CJEU's ruling is automatically binding on all the other Member States too, including those in which the questions on which guidance is sought have never been raised or have already been answered to the satisfaction of the Member State in question. It is for this reason that Member States may make representations before the CJEU even though neither they nor their nationals have any involvement in the dispute at all. Thus, for example, if a court in Finland wishes to refer to the CJEU a question relating to provisions governing trade marks and geographical indications for wine, the governments of major wine-producing countries such as France, Italy and Spain will have the opportunity to make their own submissions. The amicus brief, in the manner in which it operates in the United States, is not part of the institutional fabric of CJEU procedure, but representations by the Member States and by organs of the European Union can sometimes fulfill a similar function.
Now, the problem is this. It usually takes the best part of two years, and sometimes considerably more, between the reference of questions and the delivery by the CJEU of its answers. This would seem to allow plenty of time for Member States to consider the questions and make their submissions. Since all the EU's Member States are representational democracies, there is nothing inimical in the notion that they might wish to launch a consultation process at national level before deciding whether and, if so, what to submit to the CJEU.
Another holiday spoiled
by tight consultation deadlines ...
This Kat's ire has been stirred [see eg earlier Katposts here, here and here] by the fact that, in the United Kingdom, the period allocated for consultation of interested parties has been no more than a few token days, often spanning a weekend or a public holiday, in which it is difficult for organisations representing traders, practitioners and consumers to ascertain a consensus and to formulate advice on what are often extraordinarily complex issues. Worse, when the email circular comes round and says that you've got three or four days in which to offer your pearls of wisdom to the UK government, there is not a smidgeon's worth of information as to what the factual or commercial background to the CJEU reference is, so that it can be difficult to work out whether it affects you or not. And as if this wasn't quite bad enough, there's no way of finding out if other people are submitting comments -- or what they have advised if they've done so -- which means that there is both a danger of substantial duplication of effort and of interested parties not bothering to respond to consultation requests on the assumption that others will already have done so.
The UK's Intellectual Property Office (IPO), which is responsible for launching the consultations, says it's all the fault of another government department, that of the Treasury Solicitor. That may indeed the case, and this Kat has offered to sit down with the IPO and the Treasury Solicitor in order to work out a better way of doing things (Richard Ashmead is also willing to do so), but this offer has received no response. There are probably a lot of people who are better qualified to do this than this impatient and occasionally irasciable Kat, who is happy to leave it to them.
The sad thing is that, when the IPKat last asked, it seemed that the UK was one of the best jurisdictions in the EU when it came to pre-CJEU consultations, and that most countries have made no provision at all. Is this still the case, he wonders? It would be good if readers could point to an EU Member State which has really got its act together and has provided a cogent, efficient system that gives sufficient time for interested parties to make some informed comments.
Merpel adds, "I've been reading the IPKat's correspondence over his shoulder and could not but help notice that all the people who have emailed him on this topic are members of professional bodies or work for companies that belong to trade associations. Wouldn't it be grand if one of these bodies -- some of which claim to be so influential -- could pick up this cause and run with it, using their lobbying power and their resources for something that would truly benefit the entire IP community -- and beyond?"
Subscribe to the IPKat's posts by email here
Just pop your email address into the box and click 'Subscribe':
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ON THE BEHAVIOR OF ARMOR UNIT IN THE COVERLAYER
Hans Werner Pertenscky, John Rutte, Reinold Schmidt
Abstract
As a result of the large-scale failure of the rubblemound breakwater at SINES, Portugal in 1978 a number of research programs were begun. At present, however, very little information is available from technical publications regarding new design criteria, recommendations, or test procedures for model tests of rubblemound breakwaters. The need still exists, therefore, for economically practical model tests and standardized test procedures so that more tests can be conducted and reproducible results from different institutions can be compared. At the same time, a number of factors related to the stability of rubblemound surface elements, and the interrelationships between those factors, have not been adequately examined or explained. Apparently without extensive model tests, for example, it has been suggested that greater stability can be obtained by using elements with greater unit weights (comparing elements of the same absolute weight) , either by adding scrap metal or denser materials, such as granite, to the concrete. Furthermore, susceptibility to breakage is of major importance to the long-term stability of armour layer units, particularly for dolos and similar less massive element types. This aspect has been generally neglected in laboratory tests, however, and attempts to simulate the lower ultimate strength of elements in reduced-scale model tests appear extremely difficult, as well as costly in terms of time and materials. Several other factors which can significantly affect the stability of an armour layer include the surface roughness of the individual elements, as well as boundary conditions such as the beach slope.
Keywords
armor behavior; armor unit; cover layer
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
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Monday, December 17, 2012
I give you… Baptist Nutball Sam Morris
Baptist pastor Sam Morris made the news this week because of his mouth. He let it spew hatred in public. The world too note of his idiocy. Key points follow:
• Public schools are "mind-control centers."
• Public schools teach "junk about evolution."
• Public schools teach "how to be a homo."
• He thinks all this is about gun control.
• Called equal rights a "sham" and equated it with "equal immorality."
• Claimed Adam Lanza was taught that he was a God in public school.
• Suggested we publicly mutilate the body of Adam Lanza.
• Morris wants revenge against a dead man.
• Conflated mass murder with his political position on abortion.
• Ranted on gun control while claiming that mass shootings never take place at gun shows which suggests that if school teachers were armed it would have prevented the shooting.
• Blamed the shooting on kicking God out of public schools.
• Called public school "government school."
• Said that evolution teaches us that we are animals, so we can act like animals.
• Suggested that public schools teach you to rebel against your parents.
All this tripe from a pastor in response to a mass murder. I listened to his words in disbelieve. Where is the love of Christ in this message of paranoia and hate? How is this Christianity? How is Pastor Morris a role model or a leader of sane people? Not only are his words political rhetoric and full of vitriol, they are universally the words of a ranting nutball… except from maybe the part about no mass murders at gun shows. He also suggested that there had never been a shooting at gun show. Ten seconds on the internet proves that wrong
Pastor Sam Morris preaches at Old Paths Baptist Church. Does Morris actually preach? You be the judge.
I always spend a little time looking at the education of blowhards like Morris. He claims to have a Doctorate of Divinity in 2011 from Historic Baptist Bible College and Theological Seminary, in Scarborough, Ontario. (Which is actually an unaccredited school located in a church.) The school website does not offer PhD programs. And get this, the school gives women a different degree then men for the same course of study. Morris sounds "highly" educated.
Is this what being a Christian is all about? Is it simply a collection of paranoia, fear, hatred, and contempt for the truth? Where is the love? Where is the sympathy for the victims of this horrible tragedy?
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Baptist
From RationalWiki
Jump to: navigation, search
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The Baptists are a loose grouping of different Protestant Christian denominations and individual churches in the United States, the United Kingdom and worldwide. Their primary theological connection is that they believe that baptism is not necessary for salvation and baptisms happen only once the individual is old enough to understand his or her commitment to God. Beyond that, individual baptist groups share little.
Because the term "Baptist" is so general, and because there is a lack of a single association or alliance, it is difficult to estimate how many Baptists there are in the world. It is estimated that there are 45-50 million baptists in the Baptist World Alliance[1], but that alliance does not include the single biggest denomination, the Southern Baptist Convention. Attempts to add up the various self-identified "Baptist" churches leads to numbers in the 100 millions, making Baptists the largest Protestant denomination[2].
Contents
[edit] Types of Baptists
Since there is no single Baptist origination or synod, theological and social views range from the nearly liberal to the extremely conservative. The largest (and best known) denomination within the United States is the Southern Baptist Convention, formed in the late 1800s in a regional split with northern baptists due to disagreements over slavery. The American Baptist Association is a somewhat more moderate Baptist denomination. Smaller denominations include the largely black National Baptist Convention, the fundamentalist Bible Baptist Fellowship, the Free Will Baptists, Missionary Baptists, the Calvinist Primitive Baptists, Regular Baptists, and also significant the fundamentalist, unaffiliated independent Baptist movements which think all the other Baptists are too "liberal"; there is even the Westboro Baptist Church.
[edit] Beliefs
One single belief that unites Baptists is the idea that baptism should happen only when the individual is old enough to profess his/her faith openly and sincerely. Though there is no single age agreed upon, traditions generally follow the idea of a rite of passage into adulthood during puberty.
[edit] Other beliefs
Baptists follow all mainstream Christianity in acceping Monotheism, the virgin birth, the trinity, atonement of sins through Jesus's death and resurrection, and final judgement. Baptists do not believe in creeds; only in confessions of faith, which the primary principal preventing any orthodox or liturgical authority other than the individual church. From the 70's forward, there has been a general trend towards biblical supremacy and Biblical literalism. That is to say, all actions (especially religious ones) must have their direct roots in the Bible. It is not enough to say "the bible does not prohibit infant baptism", but show that the bible exclusively addressed *adult* baptism.
Baptist believe that all religion is a matter directly between God and the individual. In theory, no Baptist can be excommunicated from the church in any way, though they might be shunned by the individual members. Fred Phelps of the Westboro Baptist Church for example cannot be excommunicated though many may shun him. However, most of the more well known Baptists seem to take this in their stride, as they proudly run around telling other people, even members of their own church, how to go about living, and who is or is not going to hell.
[edit] In the media
• See Oh Brother Where Art Thou (Coen & Coen) for a particularly stirring trip "down to the riverside". Along with many other great songs and general hilarity.
• In Matewan (a good film about striking West Virginia miners), the two churches in town are "the Missionary folks, they's the hard-shell Baptists, and there's the Free Will folks, which is your soft-shell Baptists."
• The People vs. Larry Flynt has two good Baptist students at Jerry Falwell's Liberty Baptist College breaking the news to the good reverend that Falwell has been parodied in an issue of Hustler. The question is, what were these two good Baptist boys doing with an issue of Hustler?
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
• Baptist Joint Committee on Religious Liberty is a moderate Baptist group supporting the traditional Baptist separation of church and state, and countering "culture warriors" who want to rewrite America's history as a "Christian nation". While not secularist, some good material.
[edit] Footnotes
1. Baptist churches
2. The Baptists: Our Beliefs and Practices
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Skip to content
The Power of Customer Service in Genetic Testing: Comparison
The biggest problem with direct-to-consumer genetic testing is that it’s extremely hard for laypeople (and their doctors) to analyze the results properly. That’s why they need a genetic counselor who can help with the analysis and the interpretation of genomic risk factors even if the majority of these results cannot be used in medical decision-making. I got a test kit from Navigenics a few months ago. I could call their genetic counselor if I need help or I could contact them through e-mail and Twitter. This made me think about the accuracy and speed of the customer services of these companies. According to my experiences, when I asked a question:
• DecodeMe replied in less than a week via e-mail.
Customer service is more important than anything in this field and if I can call a genetic counselor, why I cannot call them through Skype or have a private chat via videoconferencing (e.g. American Well)? This is an issue where all the companies have to improve a lot…
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
1345.4 - SA Stats, Jun 2011
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 28/06/2011 Final
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INTERNATIONAL MERCHANDISE TRADE
EXPORTS AND IMPORTS
On a recorded trade basis, the value of South Australia's exports in April 2011 fell to $960m; a decrease of 15.6% from March 2011 ($1,137m) but 43.9% higher than the value recorded in April 2010 ($667m).
In April 2011, Wheat (14.6%), Copper ore, concentrates, mattes and cement (10.8%), and Wine (10.1%) were South Australia's leading export commodities, accounting for just over a third of the state's exports. In April 2010, the dominant export commodities were Wheat, Copper metal and Oil-seeds and oleaginous fruits.
The value of Australian merchandise exports for April 2011 fell 7.4% to $19,993m. The April estimate is 7.6% higher than at the same time in the previous year ($18,582m).
At the same time, the value of South Australian merchandise imports fell to $534m. The April 2011 estimate represents a decrease of 11.9% from the previous month ($606m) and is 6.1% lower than the value recorded in April 2010 ($568m).
Similarly, the value of Australian merchandise imports for April 2011 fell to $17,423m; a decrease of 5.9% from March 2011 ($18,518m) but 3.7% higher than the value recorded in April of the previous year ($16,796m).
VALUE OF INTERNATIONAL MERCHANDISE EXPORTS AND IMPORTS (a), on a recorded trade basis, South Australia
*DATA NOTES
Please refer to source publications for impact of floods on data and collections.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
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Research article
Tripeptide analysis of protein structures
Sharmila Anishetty1,2, Gautam Pennathur1,2 and Ramesh Anishetty3*
Author Affiliations
1 AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chennai-44, India
2 Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai-25, India
3 The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai-113, India
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BMC Structural Biology 2002, 2:9 doi:10.1186/1472-6807-2-9
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6807/2/9
Received:13 July 2002
Accepted:21 December 2002
Published:21 December 2002
© 2002 Anishetty et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.
Abstract
Background
An efficient building block for protein structure prediction can be tripeptides. 8000 different tripeptides from a dataset of 1220 high resolution (≤ 2.0°A) structures from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) have been looked at, to determine which are structurally rigid and non-rigid. This data has been statistically analyzed, discussed and summarized. The entire data can be utilized for the building of protein structures.
Results
Tripeptides have been classified into three categories: rigid, non-rigid and intermediate, based on the relative structural rigidity between Cα and Cβ atoms in a tripeptide. We found that 18% of the tripeptides in the dataset can be classified as rigid, 4% as non-rigid and 78% as intermediate. Many rigid tripeptides are made of hydrophobic residues, however, there are tripeptides with polar side chains forming rigid structures. The bulk of the tripeptides fall in the intermediate class while very small numbers actually fall in the non-rigid class. Structurally all rigid tripeptides essentially form two structural classes while the intermediate and non-rigid tripeptides fall into one structural class. This notion of rigidity and non-rigidity is designed to capture side chain interactions but not secondary structures.
Conclusions
Rigid tripeptides have no correlation with the secondary structures in proteins and hence this work is complementary to such studies. Tripeptide data may be used to predict plausible structures for oligopeptides and for denovo protein design.
Keywords:
Tripeptide; Structural homologs; Hydrophobicity; Structural rigidity
Background
The exact conformation of a tripeptide in a protein can be determined from its side chain and hydrogen bond interactions. The backbone conformation is captured in the Ramachandran angles φ, ψ [1]. The rotamer degrees of freedom fixes the entire side chain. A fixed tripeptide occurring in different proteins will have different side chain interactions, which in turn determine the range of φ, ψ angles. These ranges are typically fairly wide and hence their utility in protein structure prediction is limited. The use of Ramachandran angles comes about from the well known planarity of the peptide bond. In this work we would like to complement this bias. We expect that Cβ locations are more directly constrained by the side chain interactions. The data was therefore analyzed in terms of the Cα and Cβ locations, without the bias of the planarity of the peptide bond. For structure prediction, we need the side chain interaction statistics in terms of Cα and Cβ locations. The planarity of the peptide bonds can be imposed as a further constraint.
In theory there are 8000 tripeptides and 160,000 tetrapeptides. With the dataset of about 1220 polypeptide chain structures of high resolution (≤ 2°A), an analysis of tripeptide study is feasible and a tetrapeptide study will be statistically insignificant. In our representative protein data set, for each tripeptide "R1 R2 R3" (Figure 1) we pick the corresponding Cαi, Cβi i = 1,2,3 positions, and then compute distances (αi,αj), (αi,βj) and (βi,βj) for i not equal to j. These 12 distances along with the covalent bond length (αi,βi) capture the entire solid structure of the tripeptide as embedded in the protein. This information is sufficient to fix a unique φ, ψ value along with the position of the Cβ. The same " R1 R2 R3" is picked up from different proteins and from different locations within the same protein. This data is statistically analyzed without any further physico-chemical bias about the residues. In this way, data about various possible conformations of a tripeptide is gathered and analyzed as explained in the discussion section.
Figure 1. Tripeptide "R1 R2 R3" with Cα and Cβ positions
Attempts to understand and capture structural features were first done as inter residue contact statistics [2,3] involving long range interactions. Short range pairwise residue statistics is contained in the Protein Atlas [4]. In the literature [5-12] there have been many attempts to predict new protein or peptide structures using small amino acid subsequences or fragments of length 3 to10. In the seminal paper [5], Unger et al. analyzed hexamers and identified about 100 structural building blocks, in which, each amino acid has a position dependent probability of occurrence. Others [10] classified the 20 amino acids into 4 classes (Glycine, Proline, hydrophobic and hydrophilic) and identified structural clusters. Baker et al [11,12] used fragments with definite amino acid sequences, and their structural variations in different known proteins, as potential templates for predicting new protein structures. In all the cases they have only used the backbone structure (i.e. Cα co-ordinates only). In contrast, we have used the Cα and Cβ co-ordinates, which then captures a significant side chain configuration. Recently, de novo protein design [13-19,22] is gaining importance and our data can also be used for this purpose.
Results
Tripeptides have been classified into three categories: rigid, non-rigid and intermediate based on the relative structural rigidity of various distances between Cα and Cβ atoms in a tripeptide. In our sample of crystallized proteins, of the possible 8000 tripeptides, only 7964 occurred. The 36 tripeptides, which do not occur in our sample, however do occur in the SWISS-PROT [20] sequence data. The tripeptides, which occurred more than 5 times in our sample, were taken into consideration in our analysis. We found that 1294 (18%) tripeptides can be classified as rigid, 302 (4%) as non-rigid and 5731(78%) as intermediate. We classify rigid tripeptides as those, where at least one (1,3) distance has a fluctuation less than 0.4°A and non-rigid tripeptides as those with all the (1,3) distance fluctuations greater than 0.7°A. After accounting for rigid and non-rigid, all the intermediates have at least one (1,3) distance fluctuation between 0.4 to 0.7°A. The entire dataset of 7964 tripeptides along with all the 12 relative average distances, standard deviations and frequencies is available at the URL http://www.au-kbc.org/research_areas/bio/projects/protein/tri.html webcite. A profile of this large data set can be obtained by studying side chain relative abundance (Table 3) and structural homology (Table 4). To find correlation between the three classes of tripeptides and known secondary structure subsequences, 9986 helices of sequence length ≥ 5, 4541 helices of sequence length ≥ 12, 9544 beta strands of length ≥ 3 and 3120 beta strands of length ≥ 7 from DSMP [21] were analyzed and the results are tabulated in Table 5. The distribution of the three classes of tripeptides in these secondary structure elements mirrors their distribution in the entire dataset, occurrence being predominantly intermediate followed by rigid and non-rigid. It can be inferred that the rigid tripeptides have no definite correlation with secondary structure elements.
Table 3. Column 1 shows the amino acid. Columns 2 to 4 show percentage of occurrence of the 20 amino acids in Intermediate (I), Rigid (R) And Non-rigid (N) categories respectively.
Table 4. Column 1 has the mean (α1,α3) distance ranges (first bin 5.2 to 5.4°A and so on) Columns 2 to 4 have counts of intermediate, rigid and non-rigid tripeptides respectively, falling in each bin.
Table 5. Intermediate, rigid and non-rigid tripeptide occurrence in relative percentages ± Standard deviation (in %), in secondary structures and in the entire dataset.
Table 3 shows the frequency of various amino acid residues occurring in the three categories intermediate, rigid and non-rigid. In any category we have mentioned the relative percentage of occurrence within the same tripeptide category. The amino acids Methionine, Proline, Tryptophan and Glutamine occur predominantly in the rigid tripeptides and not as much in the other two categories, suggesting that Methionine, Proline, Tryptophan and Glutamine can cause structural rigidity in a tripeptide. Similarly, it can be inferred that Serine and Threonine can cause structural non-rigidity in a tripeptide. The amino acid Cysteine tends to be either in the rigid or in the non-rigid category, but rarely in the intermediate category. The sum of all the percentage numbers within a category falls a little short of 300, since the residues occur at any of the three possible positions in a tripeptide. Multiple occurrences of a residue within a tripeptide are counted only once.
Table 3 does not reflect the absolute frequency of occurrence in our dataset. For example Methionine and Tryptophan actually occur rarely. Therefore, we looked at those tripeptides that occur with more than the average frequency which is greater than 40 in our sample. This high frequency sample dataset again shows that Serine and Threonine are predominant amongst non-rigids, while Proline, Alanine, Isoleucine, and Leucine occur often amongst the rigids.
The structural homology of most tripeptides is shown in Table 4. The fluctuating nature of tripeptides is quite often captured by (α13) distances. So, we chose to classify various structural similarities by looking at the (α13) distances alone. This was done by taking the (α13) mean distances in bins of 0.2°A (range being 5.0 to 7.8°A) and counting the number of tripeptides falling into each bin. Table 4 shows that almost all the intermediate tripeptides have an (α13) distance of (6.0 ± 0.7)°A. We take the range to be 1.4 as the allowed fluctuation in any single tripeptide is 0.7°A. The tabulated results show that all intermediates are broadly similar in structure. Among the rigid tripeptides where the maximum allowed fluctuation in any individual tripeptide is 0.4°A only, we find that there are essentially two structural categories namely (5.8 ± 0.4)°A and (6.4 ± 0.4)°A. Finally the non-rigid tripeptides, whose fluctuations are certainly larger than 0.7°A, can be thought of having essentially one structure.
The frequency with which each of the tripeptides occurs in our sample set of 0.27 million tripeptides from 1220 polypeptide chains is shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2. Legend: Series1 (All tripeptides) Series2 (Intermediate tripeptides) Series3 (Rigid tripeptides) Series 4 (Non-rigid tripeptides).
In the graph (Figure 2), Series 1 indicates the frequency profile of all the tripeptides, Series 2 is for intermediate, Series 3 is for rigid and Series 4 is for non-rigid. About 10% of the tripeptides occur with a frequency of less than 6. All the categories except the non-rigid do show that tripeptides that occur very frequently are fewer. They obey Poisson like statistics. Most tripeptides occur with a frequency of 15. Non-rigids are rare and almost each non-rigid tripeptide occurs with a different frequency. We find in our sample size of 0.27 million tripeptides, 12.6% fall into the rigid category, 4% in non-rigids and the remaining in intermediate.
Discussion
Every tripeptide, which occurs in a particular protein and in a particular position, may yield one possible conformation. Examining the entire crystallized data will give the other possible conformations of the tripeptide structures in proteins. When this is statistically analyzed, it will give a clue to the magnitude of conformational fluctuations. It should be borne in mind that in every event, there are particular chemical bonds or steric hindrance, which makes the conformation possible.
The data set that we studied typically has about 0.2°A (R factor) uncertainty in the position of any co-ordinates of the atom. Consequently, most of the nearest neighbour distance data show a standard deviation ranging from 0 to 0.4°A. Next nearest neighbour (R1, R3) data will typically have a standard deviation of 0.4°A to 0.7°A. Let us say, we start with a rigid structure in three dimensions given by mutual distances between Cα1, Cβ1, Cα2, Cβ2 points. We have to find the Cα3 and Cβ3 co-ordinates. Eight additional distances with corresponding standard deviations (fluctuations) are given in Table 1 for each of the tripeptides. Many of the distances are actually redundant. Therefore, the best distances are picked to achieve our goal. It can be noted that the nearest neighbour distances have smaller fluctuations, and to fix a point we need the distance of a said point from three other known points. This translates to saying that we should know, at least one next to nearest neighbour distance. We can choose from amongst all the (1,3) distances, the one, which has the lowest fluctuation and thus fix Cα3 and then Cβ3 or vice versa. This yields the optimum procedure for fixing the three co-ordinates accurately. In Table 2 we have boldfaced the significant range around the medians within the category. This helps us in demarcating those with fewer fluctuations than the median.
Table 1. Sample of the Mean (M), Standard Deviation (SD) in Angstroms and Frequency (F).
Table 2. Column 1 shows the standard deviation ranges in °A. For example the first range is between 0 and 0.1°A and the second range is between 0.1 and 0.2°A and so on. Columns 2 to 12 show for the 12 distances, number of tripeptides, which fall in the range.
In Table 2 there are occasions where R1, R2 or R2, R3 distances show a large standard deviation, greater than 0.2°A. These abnormalities are artificial fluctuations in our crystallized data sample. For example, in certain PDB data, the authors have given more than one possible coordinate information due to experimental uncertainties in data interpretation. In our analysis, the first choice with its uncertainties has been taken. This is reflected in Table 2. These occasions are rare, and therefore, we have taken them as random errors causing fluctuations.
We discuss some possibilities for the rigidity of certain tripeptides. At the outset, we cannot make any strict criterion for rigidity. However, statistically more often than not the following observations hold. Rigidity due to Proline is well understood because of the side chain interacting covalently with the backbone. Consequently, Cβ is held rigidly upto trans and cis ambiguity. This amounts to the fact that essentially φ is frozen to -60° ± 20° [22]. The tripeptide therefore tends to be rigid. On closer examination, we find Proline in position 3 in the tripeptide, makes the tripeptide rigid. This is in agreement with the expectations from the covalent bond structure.
Methionine and Tryptophan are fairly bulky; perhaps, the good space filling is the cause for rigidity. Rigid tripeptides with Glutamine invariably also have another polar side chain residue; consequently they form a weak ionic bond within the tripeptide. Usually residues with long side chains have more rotameric fluctuations [23]. Occasionally we find they may bind with another residue within the tripeptide and end up being rigid. Lastly, non-rigids tend to have Serine and Threonine residues, which is consistent with their high polarity. Cysteine, which is well known for its tendency to form di-sulfide bridge, can fall into either rigid or non-rigid category but rarely in the intermediate category.
A single tripeptide does not have a unique structure, indeed it varies as the position of the tripeptide changes within a protein and across proteins. This fluctuation is captured by the standard deviations in Table 1. The classification of rigid, non-rigid and intermediate is most often determined by (α1,α3) distance alone. Therefore we can assess that two different tripeptides have similar structure, when their (α1,α3) distance along with their standard deviations overlap. This criterion implies that structurally homologous tripeptides have similar backbones. We have also looked at various other cross co-relations such as (α1,α3) vs (β1,β3) distances, (α1,α3) vs (α1,β3) distances etc. The structural homology conclusion, as presented in the results remains unaltered.
Conclusions
Tripeptide analysis is shown to be feasible and statistically significant results have been obtained. Some regular features of side chain interactions suggest that there are essentially three classes of tripeptides: rigid, non-rigid and intermediate. These have no correlation with the secondary structures in proteins and hence are complementary to such studies. This data may be used to predict plausible structures for oligopeptides and for denovo protein design. Attempts are being made by us to develop useful pseudo energy functions to realize the above aims.
Methods
A representative data set of 1220 protein structures was obtained from Protein Data Bank PDB [24] with a sequence identity ranging from 0–90% and ≤ 2°A resolution. This PDB list was generated from CulledPDB (R.L.Dunbrack Jr., http://www.fccc.edu/research/labs/dunbrack/pisces/ webcite), which uses an algorithm similar to the remove-until-done algorithm of Hobohm and Sander [25]. A statistical analysis of 0.27 million tripeptides from this set was done. If the distribution of tripeptides across proteins were random, we would expect each of these tripeptides to occur on an average about 34 times. For each of these 0.27 million tripeptides 12 distances (α1,α2), (α1,β2), (β1,α2), (β1,β2), (α1,α3), (α1,β3), (β1,α3), (β1,β3), (α2,α3), (α2,β3), (β2,α3), (β2,β3) were calculated. The mean and standard deviation was then computed for each of these distances. The frequency of occurrence of each of the 12 distances was also calculated. The objective is to find if there is a conservation of distances in these tripeptides irrespective of where they occur in a protein sequence, or which protein they came from.
As a countercheck for the statistical reliability of our analysis, another representative dataset of 0.15 million tripeptides in 700 proteins with sequence identity ranging from 0–20% and ≤ 2°A resolution was taken and similar computational analysis was done. The quantitative results as reflected in Table 2 remained the same in both the sets. Statistical significance became better in the 0–90% sequence identity set. The standard deviation obtained in the 0–90% set is therefore much more reliable.
In order to determine the structural homologs in the tripeptides, (α1,α3) mean distances were taken in bins of 0.2°A in a range of 5.0°A to 7.8°A. The number of tripeptides from each of the three categories rigid, non-rigid and intermediate which fall into these 0.2°A bins was counted. The results are tabulated in Table 4. Helix and beta strand subsequences from DSMP [21] were extracted and the frequency of the three classes of tripeptides was computed. The results are tabulated in Table 5.
Supplementary material
The tripeptide distance data is available on the World Wide Web at the following URL: http://www.au-kbc.org/research_areas/bio/projects/protein/tri.html webcite
Authors' contributions
SA did the data analysis, programming and webcasting. PG introduced the subject and background chemistry to RA and SA. The concept was conceived by RA. Development of the concept was done by all the three authors.
Acknowledgements
We thank S.V.Ramanan, G.Baskaran and N.Gautham for their valuable discussions and comments. P.Gautam is grateful to DBT India for support through Department of Biotechnology grant number BT/PR1737/BID/18/015/99. We thank the anonymous referees' for their suggestions, which helped us make the manuscript more contextual.
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Research article
Maca (L. meyenii) for improving sexual function: a systematic review
Byung-Cheul Shin1, Myeong Soo Lee2,4*, Eun Jin Yang2, Hyun-Suk Lim3 and Edzard Ernst4
Author Affiliations
1 Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Oriental Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
2 Division of Standard Research, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
3 Department of Nursing, Hanyang University Kuri Hospital, Kuri, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea
4 Complementary Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
For all author emails, please log on.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2010, 10:44 doi:10.1186/1472-6882-10-44
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/10/44
Received:20 March 2010
Accepted:6 August 2010
Published:6 August 2010
© 2010 Shin et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is an Andean plant of the brassica (mustard) family. Preparations from maca root have been reported to improve sexual function. The aim of this review was to assess the clinical evidence for or against the effectiveness of the maca plant as a treatment for sexual dysfunction.
Methods
We searched 17 databases from their inception to April 2010 and included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of any type of maca compared to a placebo for the treatment of healthy people or human patients with sexual dysfunction. The risk of bias for each study was assessed using Cochrane criteria, and statistical pooling of data was performed where possible. The selection of studies, data extraction, and validations were performed independently by two authors. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion by the two authors.
Results
Four RCTs met all the inclusion criteria. Two RCTs suggested a significant positive effect of maca on sexual dysfunction or sexual desire in healthy menopausal women or healthy adult men, respectively, while the other RCT failed to show any effects in healthy cyclists. The further RCT assessed the effects of maca in patients with erectile dysfunction using the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction-5 and showed significant effects.
Conclusion
The results of our systematic review provide limited evidence for the effectiveness of maca in improving sexual function. However, the total number of trials, the total sample size, and the average methodological quality of the primary studies were too limited to draw firm conclusions. More rigorous studies are warranted.
Background
Sexual problems (or sexual dysfunction) are widespread and adversely affect mood, well-being, and interpersonal relationships [1]. They occur in 20%-30% of men and 40-45% of women according to 18 descriptive epidemiological studies from around the world [2]. Most sexual problems relate to sexual desire (interest in sex) in both females and males and male erectile dysfunction (ED) [2]. Current pharmacological interventions for the management of sexual problems include oral drugs, intrapenile therapies (intra-urethral suppositories and intracavernous injections) and penile prosthesis implantation for males and hormonal therapy for females. Although considerable advances have been made, the ideal treatment for ED has not been identified. The treatment for sexual problems in females is also problematic [3]. Furthermore, pharmacological treatments have been shown to result in several adverse effects, including risk of cancer, headache, rhinitis and dyspepsia [4-6]. Non-pharmacological treatments of female sexual problems includes vaginal electromyography biofeedback, pelvic floor physical therapy, (group) cognitive behavioural therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and vestibulectomy [7]. Herbal therapies for ED or sexual dysfunction in males and females include yohimbine (Pausinvstalia vohimbe), which is burdened with serious adverse effects [8-10], ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) and red ginseng (Panax ginseng) [10,11]. Several other botanical therapies for sexual dysfunction have also been introduced [8,10,12]. These are also often used for improving sexual function in healthy subjects.
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is an Andean plant that belongs to the brassica (mustard) family. Maca has been used for centuries in the Andes to enhance fertility in humans and animals [12,13]. Preparations from the maca root have been reported to improve sexual function in healthy populations [13]. Although maca is a plant extract and not a drug, it is one of the most commonly cited "natural drugs" on the Internet for the improvement of sexual desire. The hypothesis that maca may be effective in improving sexual function is supported by several lines of evidence. Animal experiments suggest that maca has spermatogenic and fertility-enhancing activities, which are likely due to the phytosterols or phytoestrogens present in the maca [14]. Several in vivo studies have shown that maca may improve sexual behaviour and enhance androgen-like effects in rats [15,16]. Recent clinical trials have also suggested significant effects of maca for increasing sperm count and mobility and improving sexual function in humans [17,18]. The potential bioactive ingredients in maca include macaridine, macamides, macaene, gluosinolates, maca alkaloid, and maca nutrients [14]. However, these data are insufficient for determining whether maca is clinically effective. Currently, no systematic review of this subject is available. The aims of this systematic review are to summarise and critically assess the evidence from randomised clinical trials (RCTs) for or against the effectiveness of maca in the improvement of sexual function, including sexual desire and sexual responses.
Methods
Data sources
The following electronic databases were searched from inception through April 2010: Medline, AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycInfo, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, DARE, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, six Korean Medical Databases (Korean Studies Information, DBPIA, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, KERIS, KoreaMed, and Korean National Assembly Library), Chinese Medical Databases (CNKI; http://www.cnki.net webcite), and The Japanese Science and Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic. The search terms used were "Lepidium meyenii" AND sexual dysfunction OR erectile dysfunction OR sexual function). The search strategy was composed of a mixture of free text and thesaurus terms [see Additional file 1]. We also manually searched our departmental files and relevant journals (Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies and Forschende Komplementärmedizin und Klassische Naturheilkunde) until April 2010. The references in all located articles were manually searched for further relevant articles. Dissertations and abstracts were included.
Additional file 1. The search strategies for MEDLINE. The data provided the details of search strategies for MEDLINE.
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Study selection
Trials involving people with normal sexual function and those with sexual dysfunction were included. All articles that reported an RCT in which humans were treated with any type of maca (Lepidium meyenii) preparation, regardless of origin, were included. Trials were included if they employed maca as the sole treatment or as an adjunct to conventional treatments compared to a placebo control. Studies that used at least one measure related to sexual function were included. We excluded trials comparing two different types or dosages of maca and those in which no clinical data or insufficient data for comparison were reported. For duplicate publications with different outcome measures originating from one trial published as separate papers, the original publication was given priority, and all others were excluded. No language restrictions were imposed.
Extraction of data and assessment of risk of bias
All of the included articles were read in full. Three independent reviewers (BCS, MSL, and EJY) extracted the data, including methods (e.g., design, blinding, duration of follow-up), sample (e.g., population size, conditions, age, duration of disease), intervention and control treatment, and outcome measures, according to predetermined criteria (Table 1). The Cochrane classification (i.e., sequence generation, blinding, incomplete outcome measures, and allocation concealment) was applied to evaluate the risk of bias [19]. Differences in opinions between the reviewers were settled through discussion.
Data Synthesis
We had originally intended to conduct a formal meta-analysis. However, statistical and clinical heterogeneity prevented us from doing so. The main ways we would have done were like followings. The post-treatment values (the end of treatment) of the outcome measures were used to assess differences between the intervention groups and the control groups. We did not include the follow-up treatment values. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were used for pooling the outcomes related with sexual function with a random effects model. SMDs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cochrane Collaboration's software (Review Manager Version 5.0 for Windows, Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre). The mean difference (MD) for each outcome measure was calculated using the same software. Statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using a χ2 test and I2 statistics (low = 25%; moderate = 50%; high = 75%).
Results
Study description
The literature searches revealed 88 articles, of which 84 had to be excluded (Figure 1). Among these, one RCT was excluded because it compared two different dosages [20] and another because it reported different outcome measures from one trial [18]. One trial was excluded because of the absence of a control group [17]. Four RCTs met our inclusion criteria, and their key data are summarised in Table 1[21-24]. Of the four studies, one RCT was conducted in Italy [21], one in Peru [23], one in Australia [22], and one in the UK [24]. One RCT adopted a two-armed parallel group design [21], one employed a three-armed parallel group design [23], and the other two used a crossover design [22,24]. The four trials included a total of 131 subjects. Two RCTs contributed most to the sample (n = 50, and 57) [21,23], while the other two RCTs were relatively small (n = 8, and 16) [22,24]. Two RCTs [21,22] employed dried maca, and the other two [23,24] used gelatinised maca. All of the participants in the four studies ingested the maca orally. Dosages were 1.5 g to 3.5 g of maca daily for 2 or 12 weeks. The age range of male participants was from 21 to 56 years for healthy subjects and 36 ± 5 years for patients with ED, while the age range of postmenopausal women was 54 ± 11 years. The outcome measures used in these trials included the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF-5) [21], the sexual dysfunction Green Climacteric Scale [22], sexual desire according to the 6-point Likert scale [23], and the Sexual Desire Inventory [24]. Three RCTs [22-24] used commercial products, and one RCT [21] tested natural dried maca.
Figure 1. Flow chart for the selection of included trials. RCT: randomised clinical trial; UOS: uncontrolled observational study.
Table 1. Summary of randomised clinical trials with maca for sexual function
Risk of bias
None of the included RCTs reported their methods of sequence generation. All of the included trials employed a double-blind design. One trial reported complete outcome measures [22]. None employed allocation concealment.
Outcomes
Patients with sexual dysfunction
One RCT compared the effects of maca vs. placebo treatments in patients with erectile dysfunction. This trial [21] showed positive effects of maca on the IIEF-5 in patients with mild ED compared to the placebo control (MD, 1.10, 95% CIs, 0.61 to 1.59, P < 0.001) [21].
Healthy volunteers
Three RCTs tested the effects of maca vs. placebo on sexual function in healthy postmenopausal women [22], healthy adult men [23] or male cyclists [24]. One RCT [22] reported positive effects of maca on sexual function in healthy menopausal women compared with the placebo control (MD, 0.70, 95% CIs, 0.08 to 1.32, P < 0.05). The other RCT [23] tested both a high dosage of maca (3 g/d) and a low dosage of maca (1.5 g/d) on sexual desire compared to a placebo control and reported positive effects of both dosages of maca after 8 weeks (MD, 1.64, 95% CIs, 1.07 to 2.21, P < 0.01) and 12 weeks (MD, 1.64, 95% CIs, 1.07 to 2.21, P < 0.01). The further RCT [24], which had a very small sample size, failed to show positive effects of maca in the improvement of sexual desire (MD, 6.38, 95% CIs, -11.32 to 24.08, NS).
Adverse effects
None of included trials attempted to assess the adverse effects of maca.
Discussion
Few RCTs have tested the effects of maca on sexual function. This review found limited evidence from four small trials that suggested that maca is effective in improving sexual desire after at least 6 weeks. However, this finding is limited because the studies were underpowered. In particular, two studies found no effect after 2 or 4 weeks of treatment. Evidence from other studies suggests that maca may be effective for sexual dysfunction in patients with ED and postmenopausal women after 12 weeks or 6 weeks, respectively. However, the total number of trials, the total sample size, and the average risk of bias in the primary studies were too limited to draw firm conclusions.
All of the RCTs employed double-blind methods, but none of the included trials reported methods of sequence generation for randomisation and allocation concealment. Trials with inadequate sequence generation and inadequate allocation concealment are likely to show exaggerated treatment effects [25] and thus limit the reliability of the study results. Although all included RCTs used placebo controls, none reported the success of blinding. None of the studies reported a power calculation, and sample sizes were very small in some of the RCTs (ranging from 8 to 57). One article has a poor description of the outcome and was therefore difficult to interpret [23]. In this trial, only the mean average of two active groups (high and low dosage of maca) was compared with the control group. One RCT failed to include washout periods between crossover periods [22]. One of the main problems in crossover trials is the possibility of a carry-over effect. Therefore, this RCT is difficult to interpret. The other RCT has a small sample size and is therefore susceptible to a type II error [24].
Four kinds of questionnaires were used for measuring sexual function or sexual desire, including the IIEF-5 [21], Green Climacteric Scale (GCS) [22], subjective Likert scale [23], and Sexual Desire Inventory [24]. Three RCTs [21,22,24] employed validated questionnaires, while one RCT [23] did not. Because the GCS is not specified for sexual function, it might not be sensitive enough to detect changes in sexual dysfunction. One trial tested changes in sexual desire compared to a baseline value with a 6-point Likert scale. It is not clear whether the authors used validated scales. It is important that only validated questionnaires are employed; otherwise, the outcome measures used have less established reliability and validity, data derived from them are subject to bias, and comparisons between the results of different studies are problematic.
The extent to which the therapeutic effects of maca depend on the type of maca used and the amount of various constituents in the preparation is unclear. The optimum dose of maca is unknown. Single-dose studies used extract quantities ranging from 1.5 g/d to 3.0 g/d. One excluded RCT compared two dosages of maca, 1.5 g/d and 3.0 g/d, for the management of SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction, but the results of that study failed to show differences between the two doses [20]. Further studies are required to identify the optimal dose.
One argument for the use of maca for the management of sexual function might be that it causes fewer adverse effects than conventional drug treatments. However, none of the four RCTs described here assessed the adverse effects of maca. This should be tested in future studies.
One could question the validity of our conclusions by pointing to the review method used (reviewing a small number of trials with many limitations). However, the reasons for doing a systematic review include answering questions not addressed by individual studies, settling controversies arising from apparently conflicting studies, and generating new hypotheses [19].
The limitations of our systematic review pertain to the paucity of data and the potential incompleteness of the evidence reviewed. None of the three RCTs have been submitted for independent replication. We aimed to identify all studies on the topic. The distorting effects of publication bias and location bias on systematic reviews and meta-analyses are well documented [26]. None of the RCTs included in our review were fully successful in minimising bias. Collectively, these facts seriously limit the conclusiveness of our systematic review.
Our decision to exclude non-randomised trials might also be criticised. However, we strongly feel that non-randomisation introduces a selection bias that, in turn, would render any results uninterpreptible. The exclusion of RCTs comparing different dosages might be criticised. We feel that such trials would not give objective clinical information of value. Moreover, these studies cannot provide reliable data on the effectiveness of maca. Therefore, we believe the exclusion of such studies was the correct decision.
Regarding an implication for practice, this review identifies limited evidence for the use of maca in improving sexual function in healthy subjects or patients with ED. However, practitioners and clinical decision makers need to be aware that there are too many limitations to draw firm conclusion. Future trials testing the effects of maca should adhere to rigorous trial designs that adequately suit the research question being asked. Such trials should preferably be randomised, control for placebo effects, be double-blinded, adequately conceal allocation, have optimal treatment dosages and sample sizes based on proper sample size calculations, use validated outcome measures, assess other outcomes such as quality of life or partner outcome as well as adverse effects, and include a full description of the actual interventions being tested.
Conclusion
The results of our systematic review provide limited evidence for the effectiveness of maca in the improvement of sexual function. However, the total number of trials, the total sample size, and the average methodological quality of the primary studies were too limited to draw firm conclusions. Moreover, our current knowledge of the risks of maca intake is insufficient. More rigorous studies are warranted.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
BCS and MSL designed the review, performed searches, appraised and selected trials, extracted data, contacted authors for additional data, carried out analyses and interpretations of the data, and drafted this report. EJY reviewed and critiqued this review and report and assisted with interpretation of the data. HSL and EE reviewed and critiqued the review protocol and this report and assisted in designing the review. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Acknowledgements
Funding to pay the Open Access publication charge for this article was provided by KIOM (K10251). M.S. Lee was supported by KIOM (K10251) and E.J. Yang was supported by KIOM (K10010). 'The fund for professional proof reading of this article was supported by KIOM (K10010 and C10040).
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/10/44/prepub
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This article is part of the supplement: 35te Tagung der Pathologen am Oberrhein/35th Meeting of Pathologists of the Upper Rhine Region (PATOR)
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Counterattack – a principle of tumour cell metastasation?
N Freudenberg*, S Göppinger, A Gold, C Galanos and MA Feudenberg
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Help:Submitting images for approvalEdit This Page
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Grayson & Grayson - Books Published in 1956
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Publications:
No ID The Best Science Fiction Stories: Fifth Series, 1956, 10/6, 207pp, hc, anth Everett F. Bleiler, T. E. Dikty
No ID The Other Side of the Moon, 1956, 239pp, hc, anth August Derleth
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
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Bibliography: Books (F&SF, July 1975)
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Title: Books (F&SF, July 1975)
Author: Richard Delap
Year: 1975
Type: ESSAY
Series: Books (F&SF)
ISFDB Record Number: 842229
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Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
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Entropy 2011, 13(3), 595-611; doi:10.3390/e13030595
Article
Entropy Measures vs. Kolmogorov Complexity
1 Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal 2 Instituto de Telecomunicações, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal 3 Laboratório de Inteligência Artificial e Ciência de Computadores, Rua Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 14 January 2011; in revised form: 25 February 2011 / Accepted: 26 February 2011 / Published: 3 March 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Kolmogorov Complexity)
Download PDF Full-Text [172 KB, uploaded 3 March 2011 10:28 CET]
Abstract: Kolmogorov complexity and Shannon entropy are conceptually different measures. However, for any recursive probability distribution, the expected value of Kolmogorov complexity equals its Shannon entropy, up to a constant. We study if a similar relationship holds for R´enyi and Tsallis entropies of order α, showing that it only holds for α = 1. Regarding a time-bounded analogue relationship, we show that, for some distributions we have a similar result. We prove that, for universal time-bounded distribution mt(x), Tsallis and Rényi entropies converge if and only if α is greater than 1. We also establish the uniform continuity of these entropies.
Keywords: Kolmogorov complexity; Shannon entropy; Rényi entropy; Tsallis entropy
Article Statistics
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Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Teixeira, A.; Matos, A.; Souto, A.; Antunes, L. Entropy Measures vs. Kolmogorov Complexity. Entropy 2011, 13, 595-611.
AMA Style
Teixeira A, Matos A, Souto A, Antunes L. Entropy Measures vs. Kolmogorov Complexity. Entropy. 2011; 13(3):595-611.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Teixeira, Andreia; Matos, Armando; Souto, André; Antunes, Luís. 2011. "Entropy Measures vs. Kolmogorov Complexity." Entropy 13, no. 3: 595-611.
Entropy EISSN 1099-4300 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert
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Nano Express
Magnetic and Cytotoxicity Properties of La1−x Sr x MnO3(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) Nanoparticles Prepared by a Simple Thermal Hydro-Decomposition
Sujittra Daengsakul1,2, Chunpen Thomas1,2, Ian Thomas1,2, Charusporn Mongkolkachit3, Sineenat Siri2,4, Vittaya Amornkitbamrung1,2 and Santi Maensiri1,2*
Author affiliations
1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
2 Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center (INRC), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
3 National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), 114 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin, Klong Luang, Pathumthan, 12120, Thailand
4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
For all author emails, please log on.
Citation and License
Nanoscale Research Letters 2009, 4:839-845 doi:10.1007/s11671-009-9322-x
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at:
Received:23 December 2008
Accepted:14 April 2009
Published:9 May 2009
© 2009 to the authors
Abstract
This study reports the magnetic and cytotoxicity properties of magnetic nanoparticles of La1−xSrxMnO3(LSMO) withx = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 by a simple thermal decomposition method by using acetate salts of La, Sr, and Mn as starting materials in aqueous solution. To obtain the LSMO nanoparticles, thermal decomposition of the precursor was carried out at the temperatures of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C for 6 h. The synthesized LSMO nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, TEM, and SEM. Structural characterization shows that the prepared particles consist of two phases of LaMnO3(LMO) and LSMO with crystallite sizes ranging from 20 nm to 87 nm. All the prepared samples have a perovskite structure with transformation from cubic to rhombohedral at thermal decomposition temperature higher than 900 °C in LSMO samples ofx ≤ 0.3. Basic magnetic characteristics such as saturated magnetization (MS) and coercive field (HC) were evaluated by vibrating sample magnetometry at room temperature (20 °C). The samples show paramagnetic behavior for all the samples withx = 0 or LMO, and a superparamagnetic behavior for the other samples havingMSvalues of ~20–47 emu/g and theHCvalues of ~10–40 Oe, depending on the crystallite size and thermal decomposition temperature. Cytotoxicity of the synthesized LSMO nanoparticles was also evaluated with NIH 3T3 cells and the result shows that the synthesized nanoparticles were not toxic to the cells as determined from cell viability in response to the liquid extract of LSMO nanoparticles.
Keywords:
Manganite; Nanoparticles; Synthesis; X-ray diffraction; Magnetic properties; Electron microscopy; Cytotoxicity
Introduction
The perovskite manganites La1−xSrxMnO3 have recently attracted much attention because of their technical applications [1,2]. Sr-doped LaMnO3 or LSMO is particularly of interest due to its good magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties and nowadays is increasingly becoming an attractive possibility in several biomedical applications. A variety of methods has been attempted for the preparation of highly homogeneous and fine powders of these perovskite manganites, including the citrate-gel process [3], sol–gel route [4], molten salt method [5], autocombustion process [6], and hydrothermal synthesis [7], to name just a few. Among these established synthesis methods, it is still critical to find simple and cost effective routes to synthesize LSMO nanocrystalline with a well controlled, reproducible, and narrow size distribution of ferromagnetic nanoparticles with large magnetic moment per particle by utilization of cheap, nontoxic, and environmentally benign precursors.
In this paper, we report a simple and cost effective synthesis of La1−xSrxMnO3nanoparticles withx = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 by using the decomposition mechanism of metal acetate salts in water at various temperatures of 600–900 °C. The influence of Sr concentration on the structure and the morphology of the samples was characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM. Magnetic properties of the samples were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The effects of Sr concentration and thermal decomposition temperature on the magnetic properties were also discussed in detail. The last part of the investigation concerns the result of cytotoxicity testing of the synthesized sample by MTT assay.
Experimental Details
Magnetic nanoparticles of La1−xSrxMnO3(LSMO) withx = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 were prepared via the thermal hydro-decomposition method. In this process, high purity acetates of La(CH3COO)3 · xH2O (99.9%, Aldrich), Mn(CH3COO)2 · 4H2O (>99.9%, Fluka), and Sr(CH3COO)2(99%, Aldrich) were used as starting materials. In a typical procedure, 0.007 mol metal acetates with a mole ratio corresponding to the nominal composition of La: Sr: Mn ratio of 1−x: x: 1 were dissolved in deionized water (DI water) at a ratio of 5:1 (volume/weight) of DI water to total acetate salts. The mixed solution was stirred with a magnetic stirrer at room temperature for 15 min, and was thermally decomposed in an oven under normal atmosphere at different temperatures of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C for 6 h and left to cool down to room temperature before being ground to obtain LSMO nanoparticles.
The crystal structure of the synthesized LSMO nanoparticles was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (Philips PW3040, The Netherlands) with the crystallite size calculated from the broadening of the XRD peaks using Debye–Scherrer method. The functional groups present in the samples were studied using the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy technique (FT-IR) (Spectrum one, Perkin Elmer Instrument, USA). The samples were incorporated in KBr pellets for which the FT-IR spectra were obtained in the 1000–450 cm−1wave-number range. The morphology of the samples was revealed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (LEO 1450VP, UK) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEOL 2010, 200 kV, Japan). The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns from TEM and high resolution TEM (HRTEM) images were analyzed to identify the phase and crystal structure, and to confirm the results obtained from XRD. The magnetic properties were investigated by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) (Lakeshore 7403, USA) at room temperature (20 °C).
The cytotoxicity of LSMO nanoparticles was evaluated with NIH 3T3 and cell viability was determined by MTT colorimetric assay (Sigma, USA). Cells were seeded on the 96-well culture plate (1 × 104 cells/well) for 24 h. The extracted LSMO liquid was taken by boiling LSMO particles in sterile distilled water at 121 °C for 1 h with concentration of 0.2 g/mL. Cells were incubated with 20 mL extracted LSMO liquid or sterile water (control) for 24 h. After removing the medium, 10 mL of 12 mM MTT solution was added and incubated for a further 4 h. Blue formazan crystals, metabolized MTT in mitochondria of viable cells, were dissolved in 50 mL of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma, USA) and measured at 550 nm by the plate reader (Biorad, Japan). The average value of four wells was used for each sample and two repeats were done in each experiment. The control NIH 3T3 cell viability was defined as 100%. Statistical comparison was performed using one-way ANOVA with SPSS software version 11.5 (SPSS, Germany).
Results and Discussion
Structural and Morphology Characterization
The XRD results of the prepared LSMO nanoparticles at 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C for 6 h are shown in Fig. 1. For LSMO samples prepared at 600 °C (Fig. 1a), the perovskite structures are seen to be dominant in the samples with 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.3 while the others show many impurity phases such as La2O3, La2CO3OH, La(OH)3, and SrCO3. The earlier formation of perovskite phase when there was a small doping of Sr (x < 0.3) into the LMO structure compared with an undoped sample (x = 0) at 600 °C indicates that Sr substitution for La can help stabilize the oxide phase at lower temperature. This phenomenon agrees with the one found by Gaudon et al. [4] for LSMO prepared by sol–gel method, while for the samples with x > 0.3, the substitution of Sr cannot help perovskite phase formation as well as for a small doping since impurity phases of SrCO3 and La(OH)3 are more observed. This result may be because there is a limit to the incorporation of Sr for LaMnO3 lattice which affects the formation of the LSMO perovskite phase. For the samples annealed at higher temperatures (Fig. 1b–d), the peaks due to LSMO perovskite phase show stronger and sharper profiles resulting from the continuation of crystallization process and gradual grain growth [8]. Each XRD peak of samples with x ≤ 0.3 splits into well-resolved peaks, which is in accordance to the cubic symmetry reduction and changing to rhombohedral of this perovskite. This crystal structure transformation occurs at 900 °C in most samples except for x > 0.3. These results are in good agreement with the work reported by Gaudon et al. [4]. The substitution of divalent cation Sr2+ for trivalent cation La3+ site in LaMnO3 perovskite can induce the formation of Mn4+ ion. However, the content of Mn4+ ions is fixed not only by substituting Sr2+ for La3+ site, but also by creation of cation vacancies or non-stoichiometry (La1−xSrxMnO3+δ) which depends on firing atmosphere, temperature, time, and also on the preparation procedure [9,10]. Therefore, the substitution of smaller radii ions of Mn4+ for some larger radii ions of Mn3+ leads to distortion of the perovskite structure which easily occurs in the samples with x ≤ 0.3. This is because the ability to form over stoichiometric of LSMO compounds in air decreases with increasing Sr concentration and mostly disappears at x> 0.3 [4,10]. Thus, the crystal transformation for these prepared samples with x ≤ 0.3 may be due to lattice distortion caused by higher Mn4+ ion content.
Figure 1. XRD spectra of LSMO nanoparticles with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 thermally decomposed ata600 °C,b700 °C,c800 °C, andd900 °C for 6 h
The crystallite sizes of the synthesized samples were determined from XRD line-broadening of the largest intensity for a single peak at 2θ°≈ 47° using the Debye-Scherrer equation. The obtained crystallite sizes as function of the thermally decomposed temperature for the samples with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 are listed in Table 1and also displayed in Fig. 2. It is clearly seen that the crystallite size increases with increasing thermal decomposition temperature and decreases with the increase of Sr content.
Table 1. Properties of prepared LSMO
Figure 2. Particle size of LSMO nanoparticles with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 thermally decomposed at 700–900 °C for 6 h
Figure 3 shows the FT-IR spectra of the samples prepared at 600 and 900 °C for 6 h. The main absorption band around 600 cm−1 corresponds to stretching of the metal–oxygen bond in the perovskite, which involves the internal motion of a change in Mn–O–Mn bond length in MnO6 octahedral [11]. For all of the samples prepared at 600 °C, the presence of an absorption band of CO32− functional group at around 860–900 cm−1 was observed. These bands correspond to the impurity phase of SrCO3 or La2CO3OH which disappears at higher temperature of thermal decomposition except in the case of x = 0.5. The FT-IR results agree well with the results of XRD (Fig. 1).
Figure 3. FTIR spectra of the LSMO nanoparticles with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 thermally decomposed for 6 h ata600 °C andb900 °C
The detailed morphologies of the prepared samples for allxvalues at 900 °C, revealed by SEM and TEM, are shown in Figs. 4and5, respectively. The SEM images reveal that the prepared samples are spherical consisting of agglomerated nanoparticles with particle sizes of ca. 50–100 nm. Clear morphology can be seen via TEM images showing the particle sizes in the range of 30–80 nm. It is clearly seen from the TEM images that the particle size decreases with increasing Sr concentration. This is in good agreement with the results estimated from XRD line-broadening (Table 1and Fig. 2). The corresponding SAED patterns, given as insets in Fig. 5, show spotty ring patterns suggesting a polycrystalline structure in all the prepared LSMO samples. The observation of lattice fringes of the rhombohedral structure of LSMO phase in the samples forx = 0.1 and 0.2 from HRTEM (insets in Fig. 5) also confirms the transformation of crystal structure from cubic to rhombohedral in the 900 °C-prepared samples withx < 0.3.
Figure 4. SEM micrographs of the LSMO nanoparticles with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 thermally decomposed at 900 °C for 6 h
Figure 5. TEM images with corresponding SAED patterns and lattice fringes from HRTEM of the LSMO nanoparticles with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 thermally decomposed at 900 °C for 6 h
Magnetic Characterization
The specific magnetization (MS) curves obtained from VSM measurements shown in Fig. 6indicate superparamagnetic behavior for all the samples thermally decomposed at 600–900 °C except for the LMO (x = 0) samples which are paramagnetic. It is seen from Fig. 6that the magnetic saturation depends on both the Sr concentration and thermal decomposition temperature. The slopes of the M–H curves in the range from 3 kOe to 10 kOe for the samples withxvalues of 0.1 and 0.2 are equal to those ofx = 0 (LMO), indicating the presence of paramagnetic phases of LMO contamination in the samples withx = 0.1 and 0.2. TheMSvalue increases as the Sr content increases and shows the highest value atx = 0.3 and then decreases asxincreases to 0.5. These results indicate that the sample withx = 0.3 has the most appropriate Mn4+ion content (Mn4+/Mn3+ ≈ 1) for the double exchange interaction (Mn4+–O–Mn3+) while the other samples have more pairs of ions Mn3+–O–Mn3+(x < 0.3) or Mn4+–O–Mn4+(x > 0.3), which result in less double exchange interactions and thus a reduction inMS.
Figure 6. Room temperatureMvs.Hof the LSMO nanoparticles with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 thermally decomposed at 900 °C for 6 h (inset is the data for samples thermally decomposed at 600 °C)
Figure 7 shows MS of the samples as a function of thermal decomposition temperature. The samples with x ≤ 0.2 show a linear relationship between MS and preparation temperature. For the sample with x ≥ 0.3, there is a rapid increase of MS when the decomposition temperature is above 700 °C. This may be due to (i) the substitution of Sr2+ for La3+ which leads to an increase in the Mn4+ content which favors the double exchange interaction, and (ii) the higher Curie temperature (TC) values of the samples with x ≥ 0.3 samples than those of the samples with x < 0.3 [5]. At the decomposition temperatures below 900 °C, the MS value increases with increasing Sr content and reaches the highest value of 40.4 emu/g for the samples with x = 0.2 (inset in Fig. 7). The 900 °C-prepared sample with x = 0.3 shows the highest MS value of 46.8 emu/g. This value is comparable to the value of 45 emu/g for La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles (~30 nm) synthesized by citrate-gel route reported by Rajagopal et al. [12], and higher than the value of 23 emu/g for La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 nanoparticles (~48 nm) synthesized by sol–gel route reported by Duan et al. [13]. The properties of the prepared samples in this study are summarized in Table 1.
Figure 7. MSof the LSMO nanoparticles with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 as a function of thermal decomposition temperatures of 600–900 °C (inset is the relationship betweenMSand Sr concentrations)
Cytotoxicity
The results of cytotoxicity test of the LSMO nanoparticles with 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 prepared at the temperature conditions of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C are shown in Fig. 8. The results indicated that the prepared LSMO nanoparticles were quite less toxic to the cells. Cell viability in response to the liquid extraction of LSMO nanoparticles ranged from 91.3% to 98.2% (Fig. 8). The Sr amounts or the decomposition temperatures were not clearly related to the cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles to the tested cells. Therefore, further work is needed to clarify this point.
Figure 8. Cytotoxcity of LSMO nanoparticles with 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.4 at the temperature conditions of 600, 700, 800, and 900 °C was studied on NIH 3T3 cells. Cells were incubated with the liquid extractions of nanoparticles or water (control) for 24 h before cell viability was determined by MTT assay
Conclusions
LSMO nanoparticles with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 have been synthesized by a simple thermal decomposition method using acetate salts in DI water. Structural characterization shows that the structure transforms from cubic to rhombohedral in the prepared samples withx ≤ 0.3 when decomposed at 900 °C, while the others remained cubic in structure. Study of magnetic properties at room temperature shows thatMSdepends strongly on the thermal decomposition temperature for samples ofx ≥ 0.2, and has no exact dependence on Sr concentration. There is a variation ofMSwith Sr content with the maximum atx = 0.3 for decomposition temperature of 900 °C, and at temperature below this the maximumMSof 40.4 emu/g is found atx = 0.2. In addition, the magnetic nanoparticles show no toxicity to the tested cells, NIH 3T3, as determined from the result of cell viability in response to the liquid extraction of the magnetic nanoparticles. This will be useful for medical applications. The present work has shown that the thermal hydro-decomposition is a new useful method for preparation of manganite nanoparticles, and gives a potential avenue for further practical scale-up of the production process and applications.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Department of Chemistry of Khon Kaen University for providing FT-IR and VSM facilities, the Faculty of Science Electron Microscopy Unit for providing SEM facilities, and the National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC) of NSTDA for providing TEM facilities. S. Daengsakul would like to thank the TGIST scholarship for the support of her Ph.D. study. This work is financially supported by The National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) under the research contract no. PorKor/2550-287.
References
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More Google Advertisers Being Forced into New Interface, Including Me
Aug 19, 2009 • 9:10 am | (5) by | Filed Under Google AdWords
Two months ago or so, we reported that some advertisers were being forced into the new AdWords interface. Well, yesterday, I and many other advertisers received the email that we were being forced into the new AdWords interface.
A WebmasterWorld thread has both old and new reports of advertisers being forced into the interface. One advertiser expressed his dissatisfaction with this move, saying:
Ug I was just forced into the new interface. I hate being forced. I do not have time to relearn the whole stupid thing. Please please awa give it back to us. This is so unfair to force something so unpopular.
An other complaint read:
I just got forced into the new-interface-only bin, not best pleased! Why can't old UI be linked since reports, adwords tools, account management and client centre still on old UI?
We ran a poll a while back, where we saw that 56% disliked the new interface. Now, I wonder if more people dislike it or more people are becoming more vocal about it, since being forced into the new interface?
Note, tomorrow is the last day to take part in the new interface webinar offered by Google. A Google AdWords Help thread has a post from AdWordsPro that contains the details, which I will repeat here:
I know I have pinned any number of threads to the top of the page letting you all know about the live and free 'New AdWords Interface Webinars' that have been available for quite some time now.
Today, however, I am posting about what is planned to be the final webinar. So, if you have thought about participating in a live session of the webinar, please make it this one, as it is almost certainly the last chance.
This final webinar is occuring on Thursday, August 20, 2009 at 9:30 AM PDT
As has been mentioned previously in the other threads on the subject, you may register for this free webinar, and/or watch an archived webinar, and/or access a number of userful 'new UI' resources on this page:
New AdWords Interface Webinars https://sites.google.com/site/newinterfacewebinars
Forum discussion at WebmasterWorld & Google AdWords Help.
Previous story: What is "Page Score" in Bing Webmaster Tools?
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"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:45475",
"uncompressed_offset": 682388222,
"url": "www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:James_Van_Peyma_%281%29",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:27.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:c2a86371-7d54-4f42-969f-a87f11e58b54>",
"warc_url": "http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Person:James_Van_Peyma_(1)"
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Person:James Van Peyma (1)
Watchers
James Jefferson Van Peyma
m. Abt 1893
1. James Jefferson Van Peyma1900 - 1991
• HJames Jefferson Van Peyma1900 - 1991
• W. Doris Creek (add)
Facts and Events
Name[1][2] James Jefferson Van Peyma
Gender Male
Birth[1][2][3] 6 Mar 1900 Missouri, United States
Census[3] 1 Jun 1900 Kansas City, Jackson co., Missouri, United Statesat 714 W. 21st St., in a home that was rented
James J., aged 2 months, son of Thomas J. Van Peyma (occ. hardware salesman), was also residing with his father's wife Sadie J. and sister[-in-law] Minnie M. Kew. They were sharing the dwelling with the family of Edward and Gene Winn who were also renters. It was recorded that James was born in Missouri.
Residence[2] 12 Sep 1918 Kansas City, Wyandotte co., Kansas, United Statesat 639 Tenny
James Jefferson Van Peyma signed a card for the third registration of the WW I draft. James (occ. machine app., for Trisco Railway Co., at 19th & Allen, Kansas City, Mo.) stated his nearest relative was his mother Sadie J. Wolcott, at the same address. The registrar's report describes him as medium height, slender build, brown eyes, brown hair, and without physical disability.
Marriage License 9 Jul 1942 Clay co., Missouri, United StatesA license was issued by the Recorder of Deeds for James Jefferson Van Peyma, age 42, and Doris Elizabeth Creek, age 28, both from Kansas City, Missouri.
to Doris Creek (add)
Death[1] 1 Nov 1991 Kansas City, Jackson co., Missouri, United States
Soc Sec No[1] 499-07-1737
References
1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Social Security Administration. Social Security Death Index, [database, Ancestry.com], SSN 499-07-1737, issued Missouri, before 1951.
James J. Vanpeyma, b. 6 March 1900, d. 1 Nov. 1991; ZIP code of last address of record, 64111 (Kansas City, Missouri).
2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 United States. World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918. (National Archives Microfilm Publication M1509), [roll KS70], FHL #1643584, Wyandotte Co., Local Board #3, [digital image, Ancestry.com], registered 12 Sept. 1918.
James Jefferson Van Peyma, age 18, was born 6 March 1900.
3. 3.0 3.1 ED 39, 4th Ward Kansas City, Jackson, Missouri, in United States. 1900 U.S. Census Population Schedule. (National Archives Microfilm Publication T624), roll 861 (FHL #1240861), folio 193, sheet 9B, dwelling 161, family 202, Thomas J. Van Peyma household, [digital image, Ancestry.com], enumerated 7 June 1900.
He was born “Mar 1900”.
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{
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"url": "www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:Waianae%2C_Honolulu%2C_Hawaii%2C_United_States",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:23:27.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:c2a86371-7d54-4f42-969f-a87f11e58b54>",
"warc_url": "http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:Waianae%2C_Honolulu%2C_Hawaii%2C_United_States"
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Place:Waianae, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
Watchers
NameWaianae
Alt namesWaeanaesource: USGS, GNIS Digital Gazetteer (1994) GNIS15006561
Waianaisource: USGS, GNIS Digital Gazetteer (1994) GNIS15006561
Wainaesource: USGS, GNIS Digital Gazetteer (1994) GNIS15006561
TypeCensus-designated place
Coordinates21.448°N 158.179°W
Located inHonolulu, Hawaii, United States
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Waianae is a census-designated place (CDP) in Honolulu County, Hawaii, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP population was 13,177.
Research Tips
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Wai'anae, Hawai'i. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
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"url": "answers.onstartups.com/users/21699/ertunc?sort=suggestions&tab=activity",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:24:02.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:448d1d9d-f087-48be-872d-0a4fc6356471>",
"warc_url": "http://answers.onstartups.com/users/21699/ertunc?tab=activity&sort=suggestions"
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101 reputation
1
bio website ertuncefeoglu.com
location Istanbul
age 37
visits member for 6 months
seen Nov 20 '12 at 13:19
stats profile views 0
Software developer working for a nation-wide print media distribution company in Istanbul / Turkey. Current main project is an ERP application developed using php(prado framework) and oracle rdbms. The application also integrates well with SAP.
Besides php & mysql I'm interested in all kinds of web development/design platforms and technologies. While not at work I'm currently experimenting on radphp xe2 and radstudio xe2. I'm considering to have a look at mobile (android) development and also the Microsoft .NET platform.
This user has no suggestions
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"warc_url": "http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/view/21809/0"
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Intensity of Social Network Use by Involvement: A Study of Young Chinese Users
Choo-Hui Park, Yong June Kim
Abstract
This research focuses on the use of social network sites (SNS) among young Chinese users. There are two
objectives of this study. First, the paper examines the characteristics and current situations of SNS in China. The
second is to examine the relationship between the types of involvement and the intensity of SNS use. This study
uses data from 200 samples, mostly young Chinese users in Beijing, China. Factor analysis suggests four factors:
personal involvement in usefulness and usage, physical involvement in trust, and situational involvement in
relationships. The total variance explained by all four factors is 67.82 percent. Personal involvement on
usefulness accounts for most (33.12%) of the explained variance, followed by physical involvement in trust
(13.47%). In general, correlation results show that there are significant relationships between the intensity to use
SNS and all types of involvement. Personal involvement in usefulness shows a very strong relationship with the
intensity of SNS use(cor=.93).Through regression, the result suggests that only personal involvement in
usefulness and physical involvement in trust are in the model, with a value of 88.5 percent for R2, which
significantly explains the intensity of SNS use. The results from this study provide insightful information on how
different types of involvement can influence users’ intensity of SNS use. The mostly frequently used social
network sites among participants for this study are Renren, QQ(Qzone) and Sina Space.
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.5539/ijbm.v8n6p22
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
International Journal of Business and Management ISSN 1833-3850 (Print) ISSN 1833-8119 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.
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"uncompressed_offset": 58508041,
"url": "ddowiki.com/page/Genesis_Point",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:24:02.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:448d1d9d-f087-48be-872d-0a4fc6356471>",
"warc_url": "http://ddowiki.com/page/Genesis_Point"
}
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| Edit | | History |
From DDO wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Requires access to adventure pack: The Devils of Shavarath
First General Horoth ordered Genesis Point built as an underground base for the Devil's most secret military operations.
Genesis Point
Heroic level: 19
Epic level: None
Duration: Long
Heroic XP: ♦9,060
Normal
♥9,380
Hard
♠9,700
Elite
Epic XP: N/A
Takes place in: Genesis Point
NPC contact: Sebi
Quest acquired in: Amrath
Patron: The Yugoloth
Base favor: 8
Free to Play: No
Extreme Challenge: No
Genesis Point map (legend )
Loading screen
Overview
Sebi the Yugoloth has sent you to find Genesis Point, a Devil base on the surface of Shavarath. Once inside the base you are to contact a Yugoloth infiltrator, who will give you further instructions. (NPC dialog available here)
Spoiler Warning: Information below this point can be considered spoiler material!
Objectives
• Speak with the Yugoloth infiltrator
• Activate the portal lever in each control room
• Destroy the suspicious cargo
• Free the prisoners
• Slay Genesis Point's elite guard
• Destroy the magical focus
• Use one of the access levers on the upper level to open a door to the Secure Level.
• Strike one of the four strategic objectives on the Secure Level.
• (Optional) Destroy all five portals in the portal bay (West wing): (10% of base XP)
• (Optional) Kill the Demon informer (North wing): (30% of base XP)
• (Optional) Find and kill all three of the soulbound mephits (South wing): (30% of base XP)
• (Optional) Slay Primus Llotiquth (East wing): (10% of base XP)
What to Expect
• Traps (fixed, they don't require rogue skills to be disarmed)
• Maze (fixed layout)
• Spawning/respawning monsters
Known Traps
Spinning blades in south maze area
Tips and Misc
• Lever Solution
• If you are unable to access end boss areas as described further below due to incorrect use of valves & levers:
• Go to each upper area with levers and use the lower LEFT button/valve on each, followed by using the main large lever in each room also.
• This will then lower the blast doors and open the way to at least the Mephits end fight area.
Short Explanation
• Quest Layout
• This quest has an Upper Level and a Lower Level; both of which are circular.
• The Lower Level is divided into four quarters, each of them has a corresponding "control room" on the Upper Level.
• Control Room
• Each control room may consist of a following set of controls:
• Lever inside a red pit ("Lever A"): Opens up a portal to the Lower Level (require all 4 levers)
• Lever inside a force field ("Lever B"): Opens up one of the four ending options (can only choose one)
• Control Panel with buttons/valves ("CP"): Controls something on the corresponding Lower Level
• Levers to the left/right of the control panel ("Lever L/R"): Open/close up doors on the Lower Level's corresponding position (can only be used once)
• Levers in a batch of three that appear further to the left/right of the control panel ("Lever LLL/RRR"): Close up doors to the corresponding ending options (can only be used once)
• Be careful - misuse of "Lever L/R" and "Lever LLL/RRR" can render key areas become inaccessible, and result in quest failure! [1]
• Quest Flow
• Head north and travel through the Upper Level clockwise.
• In the west control room:
• Hit "Lever A"
• Hit "Lever L"
• Hit "CP" to fire off some magical cannon and release the mobs inside the crates on Lower Level - West
• In the north control room:
• Hit "Lever A"
• Hit "Lever L"
• Hit the left portion of "CP" to fire off some magical cannon down on Lower Level - North, damaging the mobs
• In the east control room:
• Hit "Lever A"
• Hit "Lever L"
• In the south control room:
• Hit "Lever A"
• Arrange "CP" to look exactly like this:
• Head back to west control room and enter the portal
• On Lower Level - West
• Destroy all the crates
• Kill all mobs
• Proceed to Lower Level - North
• Kill all mobs
• Pull down all 5 levers on prison barriers
• Proceed to Lower Level - East
• Kill all mobs
• Split your group; one group of people need to head back to the Upper Level, while the others stay put
• Upper Level group: head to south control room, and use "CP" to toggle the magical barriers
• Lower Level group: proceed to Lower Level - South, reach the center of the maze, and place the water on the book
• Release the prisoners on Lower Level - North
• Upper Level group: head to north control room, and use the right portion of "CP" to turn off the magical barriers
• Lower Level group: proceed to Lower Level - North, and speak with the prisoners to release them
• Everyone in your group will now be teleported to a small room
• Kill all mobs inside
• Now the group is free to choose from one of the four possible ways to complete this quest:
• Hit "Lever B" on the corresponding control room to open up the path towards the chosen end fight
• West: Portal Bay
• North: Detention Center
• East: Command Center
• South Magical Conduits
• You can use all 6 "Lever LLL/RRR" in the corresponding control room to close up the entrance into the final battle room... and be completely blocked from the end fight/chest. Don't do so unless you have a good reason. [2]
• Read the complete explanation below for details on different final battles
Complete Explanation
Genesis point is a military base for the Devils on Shavarath. Your job is to cripple one of the four functions of the base. If you read the information given by the Yugoloth at the beginning of the quest, he will give you the walkthrough of what you need to do, but I will streamline it here and give a few tips.
First off, you need to clear the upper level. Circle around the top level, traveling either north or east at the first intersection. I usually travel north first since you will end up heading back that ways afterwards.
Travel the circle, clearing out each of the four control centers. Each control center will have 3 waves of devils and tieflings, so be prepared for some fighting in each room. Crowd control spells and displacement can be a great benefit here. When the room is clear, pull the lever in the center of the room, the one in the red pit. There will still be a lever inside a blue forcefield, don't worry about that just yet.
There are also several controls in each control room. These levers will affect different things in the rooms below. For the most part you can ignore these controls at this point, with the exception of the levers which control the doors between the lower lever rooms. If you start to the north, use the lever on the north side of the western room. Below you will notice that this opens the large door leading to the north.
Continue to the north side of the circle, again clearing the 3 waves of devils, hit the center lever in the red pit, and open the door below which leads to the east.
The east side repeat again, clearing the 3 waves, hitting the lever in the red pit and then opening the door which connects south.
In the southern room clear as before and then hit the red pit lever. Do Not hit a lower door lever here, as you already have a clear path circling the lower level from east -> north -> west -> south. While you are here, hit the lever on the central control panel, as shown in this picture. This will turn off the blade traps in the maze on the lower level.
Continue on to complete the circle. A shrine will now be available in the main intersection. Shrine up if you want, then head north again. With all 4 control rooms clear and the 4 red-pit levers pulled, a portal and a chest will now be available in the western control room. Loot up and head on down. (You can always come back up through the portal, it isn't a one-way trip)
This portion (west lower level) is the crate storage of the Portal Bay. your job here is to kill everything and destroy the crates. Be careful, the crates contain extra bad guys. Once this is cleared out, head north through the door which you opened with the levers above.
Now you are in the outer area of the Detention Center (northern lower level) where prisoners are kept inside magical barriers. There are a lot of bad guys, mostly orthons and trolls, hiding throughout the holding pens. Work your way through and clear them out, then when it's clear, hit the levers on each of the 5 holding pens. This will allow the barriers to be lowered from the control room above (a step we will come back to). Once the room is clear and the levers all pulled, head east through the door that you had opened from above earlier.
This is the entrance to the Command Center (lower level east), currently being used by an elite troop for a pep rally. When you get close, the troop will come at you in waves. Take them out and then take out their commander. Loot the chest and shrine if needed. Clear the way south through the door that you had opened from above earlier.
You are now in the power conduit area which is before the Magical Channeling Center, it is protected by a maze with blade traps (which we turned off earlier.) The maze requires at least one person to move through and at least one person to hit levers in the control room above. You now need to split your group, sending a group of people back around the way you came all the way back to and through the western portal to go back to the upper levels. This group needs to be able to handle small groups of respawning orthons. Once this group is back to the upper level, they should travel south to the level above the maze. The person in the maze is trying to reach the middle of the maze, where there is a vial of water and a book. There is also a big pillar of magical energy. Don't touch the font of pure magical energy, you will explode. The group above will need to hit valves to lower barriers to the middle. Once water is placed on the book it will lower all the barriers in the maze, allowing everyone to move through the maze to get the two chests (one chest in the middle, and another randomly placed somewhere in the maze.
Now, have the maze group work their way back to the north room with the prisoners. Have the upper level group also work their way north to the control center above the detention center (north). In the north control center there is a panel with 5 valves. These valves will lower the (now unlocked) barriers around the prisoners. Lower the barriers and have the group on the lower level release all of the prisoners.
When the prisoners are all released, this should complete your four strategic objectives. When all four are completed the group will all be teleported from where-ever they are to be in a small security chamber with a ranking barbazu. Defeat the Barbazu and his minions, grab some loot, and then head back out through the portal. Note: If you happen to be exploded by the massive current of magical energy in the maze area, this is where you soulstone will be blown to. Luckily, there is a rez shrine in here.
Strike one of the four strategic objectives on the Secure Level
Now you will notice that the big blue barrier around the center lever is lowered. Don't hit it just yet. This is where you make your choice of which strategic point you want to take out. (Which optional ending do you want?) Choose an ending from the four options (listed below), by moving to the corresponding control room on the top level and hitting the main lever which is now available. Then head to the lower level. There is a chest in the north area and if you haven't looted the ones in the south, there are 2 in the maze area. After looting, move to the secure area that you chose above.
Final Battle Options
• West (Portal Bay): If you hit the west lever, you will be choosing the Portal Bay, where the devils bring in troops and supplies. This ending is similar to part one of The Shroud, your job is to destroy the portals while they spawn bad guys.
• North (Detention Center): If you choose the lever to the north, you will be choosing the Detention Center. The goal here is to defeat the traitorous Demon Informant, a Marilith. This is a tough ending, as there is constant spawning of orthons and powerful barbazu. You need to work your way through the detention hall, and find and kill off the two red-named that are hiding in one of the cells before the main locked lever will open, this is where the Marilith is held. However the 2nd of these only spawns after freeing a number of prisoners, so be sure to free those as you search for it.
• East (Command Center): The eastern choice is also a very difficult one. This is the command center of the Horned Devil, Primus Llotiquth. Several large battles against tieflings, fiendish troglodytes and trolls, as well as orthons and barbazu. Many casters will bombard you and constant respawns while you fight the Horned Devil.
• South (Magical Conduits): In my opinion the easiest of the four (and the coolest looking). When you zone into the area send one person through the portal to hit levers. These levers control the energy bridges between the 3 conduits. Each of the three conduits is surrounded by a mass of mephits, including a red-named mephit. Your task here is to kill the three red-named mephits within a short time of one another. Our tactic was to send one person around to each conduit, gathering all the mephits, while telling the lever control person which lever to hit. Then bringing everything back to the entry point, the lever control person comes back down to the bottom, and the whole group unloads everything they have, taking special precaution to kill the three red-named fairly in-sync. ([3])
Video Walkthrough:
• Spyderwolf's Youtube Video Quest Walkthrough Part 1
• Spyderwolf's Youtube Video Quest Walkthrough Part 2
• Spyderwolf's Youtube Video Quest Walkthrough Part 3
• Spyderwolf's Youtube Video Quest Walkthrough Part 4
Bonus XP
• Aggression bonus: ~174 monsters killed +10% Bonus.( ♦906 ♥938 ♠970 )
• Onslaught bonus: 200 monsters killed +15% Bonus.( ♦1,359 ♥1,407 ♠1,455 )
• Mischief bonus: ~48 breakables smashed +8% Bonus.( ♦725 ♥750 ♠776 )
• Vandal bonus: 63 breakables smashed +10% Bonus.( ♦906 ♥938 ♠970 )
• Ransack bonus: 67+ breakables smashed +15% Bonus.( ♦1,359 ♥1,407 ♠1,455 )
• Note on killing xp bonuses: These figures are only valid if you select the east wing ending - as all other endings reset the current bonuses and require killing an incredible amount of respawns to get anything, as such the east wing tends to be the fastest XP/min wing if you do kill everything.
Loot
• Chests: 7
• 1 in the upper west area for activating the portal lever in each control room from the upper areas
• 1 for freeing the prisoners in the lower north area
• 1 for killing Genesis Point's elite guard in the lower east area
• 1 for destroying the magical focus in the lower south area, in the maze
• 1 in the lower south area, in the maze (can spawn in multiple locations)
• 1 for killing Tothi (Bearded Devil, found in a room you are teleported to after completing all the objectives for the lower areas)
• 1 end chest
• NPC rewards: Select of 8 random items, up to level16 weapon/armor.
Named Loot
All Minimum Level 18, Bind to Character
Monsters
Monster Information
Named Monsters:
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{
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"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:45514",
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"url": "elinux.org/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=7944&title=Disable_Console",
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Difference between revisions of "Disable Console"
From eLinux.org
Jump to: navigation, search
(Case 2)
m
Line 71: Line 71:
[[Category:Boot Time]]
[[Category:Boot Time]]
[[Category:Disable Console]]
+
[[Category:Kernel]]
Latest revision as of 12:40, 16 November 2008
Contents
Description
You can save time during kernel bootup by disabling the console output. The easiest way to do this is to use the "quiet" option on the kernel command line (described below).
Printk output is usually directed to a serial port or a VGA console during bootup. By disabling console output, the time taken to output the characters (and perform things like software scrolling of the display buffer) is eliminated.
How to implement or use
To disable console output during kernel bootup, use the "quiet" option on the kernel command line.
To do this, just put the word "quiet" (without the quotes) in the kernel command line, with no other arguments. This will suppress printk output during booting. Note that printk messages are still buffered in the kernel and can be retrieved after booting using the "dmesg" command.
Expected Improvement
This saves time during kernel bootup by suppressing printk output. Printk output delays depend on a number of factors, but in the use cases cited below, the savings were in the range of a few hundred milliseconds.
With a serial console, the time to output characters is dependent on the serial port speed. However, with a VGA console, the time to output the characters is dependent on the speed of the processor. Therefore, the slower your processor, the more savings you will gain from this technique.
Resources
Projects
None
Specifications
None
Patches
None
Case Studies
Case 1
Hardware KMC SH board, using VGA console
Kernel Version CELF-1 (040126)
Configuration relatively small configuration (details not available)
Time without "quiet" option 637878 usec
Time with "quiet" option 461893 usec
Time savings 176 milliseconds
From data submitted by Maruyama Kiyoyasu of Mitsubishi.
Case 2
Hardware TI OMAP board, using serial console
Kernel Version CELF-1 (040126)
Configuration Kernel booted with XIP, CRAMFS root file system, with preset-LPJ
Time without "quiet" option 551735 usec
Time with "quiet" option 280676 usec
Time savings 271 milliseconds
From data submitted by Noboru Wakabayashi of Hitachi.
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{
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"provenance": "cccc-CC-MAIN-2013-20-0000.json.gz:45515",
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"url": "elinux.org/index.php?diff=3853&oldid=2281&title=ZipIt_Audio",
"warc_date": "2013-11-22T19:24:02.000Z",
"warc_filename": "<urn:uuid:448d1d9d-f087-48be-872d-0a4fc6356471>",
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}
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Difference between revisions of "ZipIt Audio"
From eLinux.org
Jump to: navigation, search
m (Bot (Edward's framework))
Line 31: Line 31:
Similar functionality has been developed on [[OpenZipIt]] by [[Jay Kuri]] allowing users to stream any audio from their Linux desktop to their [[ZipIt]]. (note: add link to setup instructions)
Similar functionality has been developed on [[OpenZipIt]] by [[Jay Kuri]] allowing users to stream any audio from their Linux desktop to their [[ZipIt]]. (note: add link to setup instructions)
+
+
[[Category:Zipit]]
Revision as of 10:29, 14 July 2007
The Zipit is a fairly capable audio device. There are several applications that can play audio on the Zipit. Yahoo! group. has some of these in the files section (see Open Zipit / Applications / Freebase for example)
Thanks to Ken Mc Guire, The ZipIt's audio hardware is supported and you have access to a standard OSS-style audio device. This means that any application that works with /dev/dsp should work once compiled for the ZipIt. The Device names are a little different than what you may be used to by default. They are:
Mixer: /dev/zipm # mknod /dev/zipm c 245 0
Audio: /dev/zipaudio # mknod /dev/zipaudio c 245 4
DSP: /dev/zipd # mknod /dev/zipd c 245 3
The zipaudio device is the one you wind up dealing with most often. As on any other linux machine you can cat wav files to it and hear sound, provided the wav files are encoded to exactly what the zipaudio device is expecting.
Generally speaking, the zipaudio device expects audio data in RAW format at 44100 Hz, 2 channel, 16bits (signed little-endian) per sample. This equates to the following SOX output options:
sox inputfile.wav -t raw -c 2 -r 44100 -w -s output.wav
Note: If your audio file was created on a big-endian machine (powerpc, etc) you need to swap the bytes using the -x flag to sox
The big limitation on audio capability on the ZipIt is CPU power. The ZipIt's 90Mhz Arm CPU does not give you a lot of room for audio processing. Though some users have had success with audio decoding on the ZipIt, at 'average' bitrates, decoding the audio and playing it back seems to take the majority of the CPU.
Other applications running while performing MP3 or OGG decoding tend to make the audio 'skip' from time to time - though a well optimized / buffered player can minimize or even alleviate this.
The company that makes and markets the ZipIt, ZipitWireless has recently released an update that allows users to listen to music from their PC. Though little is known about how this is actually accomplished, it is believed that the decoding occurs on the PC, and raw audio is streamed to the ZipIt.
Similar functionality has been developed on OpenZipIt by Jay Kuri allowing users to stream any audio from their Linux desktop to their ZipIt. (note: add link to setup instructions)
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[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
Re: [board-discuss] MC Chairman
Hello Fridrich,
Fridrich Strba wrote on 2012-07-24 14:26:
By this e-mail, I would like to notify you that the remaining 2
members of the Membership Committee, we discussed and decided that the
peoples are not yet ready for a vegan chairman.
Hereby we notify you, that we decided that the chairman of this
2-person MC is Fridrich Strba.
thank you very much! I have reported that altogether with the changes in the MC to Berlin today.
Florian
--
Florian Effenberger, Chairman of the Board (Vorstandsvorsitzender)
Tel: +49 8341 99660880 | Mobile: +49 151 14424108
The Document Foundation, Zimmerstr. 69, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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References:
[board-discuss] MC ChairmanFridrich Strba <fridrich.strba@bluewin.ch>
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This Spot is near Jubilee, J; is near Loke Yew (city), J; is near Loke Yew (cheras), J; is near Exit To J Sg Besi; is near Sg Besi (n), J; is near Sg Besi (s), J; is near Sg Besi, J; is near Ramp To J Sg Besi (n); This Spot is geographically located at latitude(3.1286 degrees) 3° 7' 42" North of the Equator and longitude (101.7111 degrees) 101° 42' 39" East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of Kuala Lumpur.
The locations related to This Spot are represented by the line of sight between two points and may not be nearest by road. For example, This Spot is located 305 metres from Shell Sungai Besi (s). This Spot is located 357 metres from E-Zone Business Park. This Spot is located 436 metres from D Bos Karaoke. This Spot is located 449 metres from Wisma Mahsing. This Spot is located 469 metres from Volvo Sungai Besi.
Featured Places Of Interest Located Nearby
Star Chan Sow Lin is located 0.5 Kilometres away from This Spot. Star Chan Sow Lin - 1 Photo(s) Featured.
Plaza Pudu is located 1 Kilometres away from This Spot. Plaza Pudu - 1 Photo(s) Featured.
Star Miharja is located 1.1 Kilometres away from This Spot. Star Miharja - 1 Photo(s) Featured.
Wenworth Hotel 1km, Berjaya Times Square Hotel 1.5km, Mandarin Court Hotel 1.5km, are places to stay (hotel, service apartment, inn) located near This Spot.
D Bos Karaoke 0.4km, Wet Market Pudu 0.8km, Plaza Pudu 1km, are places to shop (shopping mall, shop houses) located near This Spot.
Times Square Theme Park 1.5km, Muzium TUDM Sungai Besi 1.6km, Cultural Craft Complex 2.5km, are places of interest (attraction) located near This Spot.
SJK (c) Chung Kwo 0.5km, SJK (c) Tsun Jin 0.9km, SJK (c) Kung Min 0.9km, are places of learning (school, college, university) located near This Spot.
Gong Dong Yi San 0.6km, Chinese Cemetery 0.7km, Christian Cemetery Jalan Loke Yew 0.9km, are parks, playgrounds, open fields or commons located near This Spot.
This Spot
Shell Sungai Besi (s)
E-Zone Business Park
D Bos Karaoke
Wisma Mahsing
Volvo Sungai Besi
Star Chan Sow Lin
SJK (c) Chung Kwo
BHP Sungai Besi (s)
Gong Dong Yi San
Chinese Cemetery
Post Office, Pudu
Shell Jalan San Peng
Star Pudu
Wet Market Pudu
SJK (c) Tsun Jin
SJK (c) Kung Min
Christian Cemetery Jalan Loke Yew
Caltex Jalan Pudu
Click here to zoom in
Where do you want to go?
Location Information
Latitude °
Longitude °
PlaceName
Category
This Spot
Caltex Jalan Cheras is about 1 km away.
Chen Chen Roast Goose is about 1 km away.
DBKL Dump Truck Depot is about 1 km away.
SJK Pendidikan Khas is about 1 km away.
Wenworth Hotel is about 1 km away.
Plaza Pudu is about 1 km away.
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Library Day in the Life – weekly round up
Last year I took part in Library Day in the Life (#libday7). For one week I wrote a daily post on Google+ about what I had done during the day, and an end-of-week round-up. I enjoyed the experience and the chance to stand back a little and look at what I do, reflecting on what is important in my work. Therefore I decided to join in #libday8, which took place last week.
This year I decided to put my daily posts onto Posterous. Google+ seems to have faded from view a bit, and I thought it might be useful for me to get set up on Posterous. I probably should have got myself sorted out on Posterous before the week started. I had a few teething troubles, but I think I understand how the site works now. I liked the simple text editor.
My biggest problem with last week was lack of time. It was not a normal week for me: three meetings took up a day and a half between them, one big piece of work took about the same, and I also had to spend quite a bit of time drafting my annual appraisal report. All in all, it was a miracle I had time to do any other tasks. As the week progressed the writing of my daily report got pushed later and later into the evening and eventually disappeared. However, I made notes each day and finished off the outstanding posts yesterday evening.
It was a good time to be doing some of that reflecting I mentioned above as I also had to look back at the past year for my own appraisal report, and for the Library annual report. The broad themes of my #libday8 week were similar to those in my ‘#libday7 week – writing, editing, disseminating, journals – but subtly different, looking more towards the future and more broadly at the publishing world.
The future is represented by The Francis Crick Institute. My institute will close and become absorbed into this new organisation in 2015. Much remains to be decided, but one of my meetings last week was concerned with looking at the way Library and Information services can be delivered at The Crick. Helping to define this will be a major task for me over the next few years. Another meeting was concerned with issues of how information resources are licensed, and the changing face of higher education. The RWA furore and the Elsevier boycott, as discussed by Stephen, also featured in my week.
More parochially I was busy with the final stages of producing our Institute Annual Report and with pushing out short news reports on the website, about some of our scientists’ more significant papers. Both tasks can be quite time-consuming and brain-demolishing. Helping to keep internal comms flowing smoothly took another slice of my time. It is easy to forget that information doesn’t flow naturally – it has to be pushed, given a helping hand.
Looking back I note that coffee seems to help with that information flow. Several times when I went for a coffee I seemed to bump into just the people I needed to see. I wonder whether I should spend my day just walking round the Institute and bumping into people (note to boss, if you are reading this: I am not serious). Of course if everyone just replied immediately to the emails I send them things would be so much better!
Other things for the future will be managing the new Library space once the refurbishment is complete, and managing our new ebook service if we do decide to proceed with it. More news about those, hopefully, in #libday9 in about six months’ time.
Here are my daily posts from last week:
About Frank
I am a librarian in a biomedical research institute. I've been around a few years, long enough to know that exciting new things fall into the same familiar patterns. I'm interested in navigating a path for libraries as we slip from print through to electronic information resources.
This entry was posted in Libraries and librarians and tagged . Bookmark the permalink.
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BioMicroCenter:Forms
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 15:17, 31 January 2012 by Ryan Sinapius (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
SUBMISSION FORMS
NEW USERS
SCHEDULING
BioMicro Center calenders are run through the OpenWetWare system. To sign up for our equipment, please REGISTER FOR AN ACCOUNT. Once you have an account, click on "Schedule" below. You can then schedule time by clicking on a date. If there is already an experiment being run on the day you are interested in, you may add more time slots by selecting "Edit" at the top of the page.
* Our 3 LC480 LightCyclers are scheduled using Google Calendar. Once you have an account, contact us to be added to these calendars.
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PCR inhibitors
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 05:50, 7 July 2010 by Jakob Suckale (Talk | contribs)
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Many compounds also contained in the PCR template beside the target DNA can interfere with the polymerisation of nucleotides by the Taq or a related polymerase. This may result in false negative results, i.e. no PCR product even though the template is present.
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Talk:Haynes:Gibson Assembly
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 02:39, 9 January 2013 by Karmella Haynes (Talk | contribs)
(diff) ←Older revision | Current revision (diff) | Newer revision→ (diff)
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• ---Karmella 22:30, 26 November 2012 (EST): Vi, Brady and I are going to try combining Gibson-ized PCR products with a XbaI/SpeI cut BioBrick vector. The BioBrick prefix and suffix are a convenient ~20bp long. If this works, we may not have to PCR-amplify the vector as long as the Gibson inserts have BioBrick ends.
• ---Karmella 18:14, 5 January 2013 (EST): Please add the Gibson reaction to this page (reagents, amounts, incubation, transformation, etc.)
• ---Karmella 01:39, 9 January 2013 (EST): I think this method may not be the best for fragments shorter than 100 bp or so. Endonuclease might chew up short fragments.
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User:Levi T. Morran
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 14:15, 8 June 2011 by Levi T. Morran (Talk | contribs)
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Contents
Contact Info
this is me
• Levi T. Morran
• lmorran@indiana.edu
Indiana University
Jordan Hall room 117
1001 E. 3rd St.
Bloomington, IN, USA
I am currently a postdoc in the Lively lab at Indiana University.
Email me if you would like a full version of my CV.
Education
• 2009, PhD, University of Oregon
• 2004, BS, Indiana University
Research interests
I am broadly interested in factors that either facilitate or constrain adaptive evolution. Currently I am exploring the roles that mating systems and coevolutionary dynamics play in adaptive evolution.
I utilize experimental evolution to directly test hypotheses and determine the manner in which evolution proceeds by characterizing both the phenotypic and genetic changes that occur in evolving populations.
• MATING SYSTEM EVOLUTION
Mating systems dictate the manner in which genes are transmitted from parent to offspring, and therefore determine the level of genetic variation within and between lineages of a population. Mating systems are a key component of reproduction, and reproduction is a basic requirement in biology. Despite this ubiquitous importance, many different mating systems exist in nature. I am interested in the selective pressures that favor specific mating systems, the genetic consequences of different mating systems, and their overall role in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of a population and/or lineage over time.
I primarily work with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to study mating systems because this species utilizes two different mating strategies, outcrossing and self-fertilization.
Current Projects:
- Genetics of Parallel Evolution in Experimentally Evolved Outcrossing Populations: In a previous experimental evolution project, I exposed several obligate outcrossing C. elegans populations to a bacterial pathogen, Serratia marcescens. Each population evolved the same defensive response to Serratia marcescens despite the fact that each population started the experiment with a different genetic background. I am currently working to determine the genetic basis of adaptation and parallel evolution of the behavioral response that arose in each population.
- Maintenance of Male-Specific Genes and Phenotypes in Selfing and Outcrossing Populations: C. elegans maintains males at very low frequencies in most strains (male facilitate outcrossing, therefore outcrossing is rare in these strains). Theoretical work suggests that C. elegans naturally maintains males at frequencies sufficient to maintain male-specific genes through selection, and therefore preserve the male phenotype from mutation accumulation. I am using long-term experimental evolution to determine the consequences of maintaining males at low frequencies. I plan to measure the rate and magnitude of molecular and phenotypic change in male-specific genes and traits within populations that maintain males at different frequencies (ranging from obligate selfing to obligate outcrossing).
• COEVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS
Coevolution accounts for a significant proportion of the evolutionary change that occurs in nature. This is quite reasonable because most, if not all, species live as members of communities composed of many species. As a result of interactions between members in a community, many species utilize not only their own genome, but also the genome of other species to facilitate survival and reproduction in context of mutualistic interactions. Conversely, antagonistic interactions between species are capable of driving rapid evolutionary change between interacting species. Thus intergenomic interactions, resulting from both mutualistic and antagonistic coevolution, play a major role in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of many species. I am interested in learning how coevolutionary interactions affect each interacting species, and also understanding the role that mating systems play in determining the outcome of coevolutionary interactions.
Current Projects:
-Antagonistic coevolution - Experimental Coevolution Test of the Red Queen: This project combines my interests in both mating system evolution and coevolutionary dynamics! The Red Queen Hypothesis predicts that selective pressure from coevolving parasites can select for increased sexual reproduction (or outcrossing) in host populations because sex (or outcrossing) can produce offspring with rare genotypes that may avoid infection. I am using the nematode C. elegans, along with several components of the C. elegans genetic tool-kit, to experimentally test Red Queen Hypothesis predictions, as they pertain to outcrossing and self-fertilization, via experimental coevolution with the virulent bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens.
-Mutualistic coevolution - Empirical Tests and Genomic Analysis of the Constraints Imposed by Coevolution Within a Mutualism: The mutualistic relationship between the nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, and its symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus nematophila, provides a rich experimental context for testing coevolutionary hypotheses. The two symbiotic partners operate in conjunction to infect a wide range of insect hosts. Although the nematode and bacterium share a very close mutualistic relationship, each can be maintained separately in the laboratory. This aspect of the system permits the deconstruction of the relationship and the opportunity to study the evolutionary constraints of an intimate mutualistic relationship. In this system suites of genes in both mutualist species facilitate interactions between both species and can ultimately determine the collective fitness of the pair. Thus, the genetic basis of these crucial emergent traits exhibited by the species pair is partitioned across the species barrier. This distribution of correlated genes between separate species may limit the adaptive potential and alter the evolutionary trajectory of the symbiotic relationship and/or each species separately. I am using experimental evolution in this system to determine the effect of coevolution within a mutualism on adaptation rates in X. nematophila either maintained within or independent of its nematode symbiont.
Collaborators
Publications
1. Morran, L.T., A. Ohdera, and P.C. Phillips. 2010. Purging deleterious mutations under self-fertilization: Paradoxical recovery in fitness with increasing mutation rate in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS ONE. 5(12): e14473. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014473
2. Anderson JL, Morran LT, Phillips PC. 2010. Outcrossing and the maintenance of males within C. elegans populations. J Hered. Mar-Apr;101 Suppl 1:S62-74.
3. Morran LT, Parmenter MD, Phillips PC. 2009. Mutation load and rapid adaptation favour outcrossing over self-fertilization. Nature. Nov 19;462(7271):350-2.
4. Morran LT, Cappy BJ, Anderson JL, Phillips PC. 2009. Sexual partners for the stressed: facultative outcrossing in the self-fertilizing nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Evolution. Jun;63(6):1473-82.
5. Bashey, F., L.T. Morran, and C.M. Lively. 2007. Coinfection, kin selection, and the rate of host exploitation by a parasitic nematode. Evolutionary Ecology Research 9: 947-958.
Research in News and Media Coverage
Purging deleterious mutations under self-fertilization:
Discover
Mutation load and rapid adaptation favour outcrossing over self-fertilization:
Faculty of 1000 review
News and Views, Agrawal, AF. 2009 Evolutionary biology: Why reproduction often takes two.
University of Oregon news release
The Oregonian
Not Exactly Rocket Science
Discover
healthfinder.gov
Asian News International
CNET News
The following two links include sexual content that may not be suitable for all individuals:
Fark
Esarcasm
Science and Faith
I am an evolutionary biologist and a follower of Jesus. I chose evolutionary biology (and specifically experimental evolution) as a field of study to get a firsthand look at the process of evolution as part of a personal search for truth. After almost 10 years of research, I am continually fascinated by, and an ardent proponent of, evolution and its comprehensive ability to explain the diversity of life on Earth. My quest for truth through the study of evolution has only served to strengthen my faith and allowed me to experience intellectual and spiritual freedom by embracing both faith and science as integral components in my life.
Given my faith and my love of science, it should be no surprise that I have a keen interest in the creation/evolution debate currently ongoing in the United States. I believe that Intelligent Design and certain forms of Creationism threaten to undermine the scientific integrity of science classrooms across the country, while also marginalizing and sabotaging religious faith. I am particularly interested in making science and the scientific method accessible, comprehensible, and nonthreatening to faith-based groups in an effort to preserve scientific integrity and reconcile the fact of evolution with the choice to have faith in the supernatural.
I am profoundly interested in the relationship between science and faith. It is one of my favorite discussion points, so please feel free to email me with your thoughts or comments. I truly enjoy civil discussion and hearing different points of view.
Ken Miller and Francis Collins are excellent scientists and scholars that present compelling cases regarding the compatibility of science and faith. I highly recommend their work to anyone exploring this topic.
Organizations I Support
• Team Zachary raises funds for Lymphoma research through the University of Nebraska Medical Center in memory of my best friend Zach May.
• Smoky Mountain Great Dane Rescue, run by my brother and his wife, fosters, adopts, and advocates for Great Danes in the Southeastern US.
• National Center for Science Education is an organization that advocates for the inclusion of evolution and exclusion of nonscientific "origins" theories in public school science curricula.
Lifetime Collaborators
Research Partner
Research Assistant #1........ Cute Baby
Research Assistant #2........ Fierce Beast
Fun Stuff
Sports
Music
• WTTS Fm 92.3 From Dylan to Marley to Dave, they play great music.
• Carbon Leaf Great band everyone should check out!
• Mat Kearney Excellent musician and great performer!
• I've been known to listen to some George Strait every now and then too.
Movies
Food
I like cheeseburgers, burritos, and subs more than anyone really should. Here are a few of my favorites:
• Cornucopia- Best burgers in Eugene, OR!
• Opie Taylor's- Best burgers in Bloomington, IN! I attempted the Double Tank Burger Challenge and failed miserably. If you are up for a challenge, go for it! I hope you have better luck than me!
• Laughing Planet Cafe - Great burritos in Eugene and Bloomington!
• Dagwood's- Awesome subs in B-Town! I highly recommend the Dagwood Supreme.
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LazyDaze's bookmarks
"Love can never grow old. Locks may lose their brown and gold. Cheeks may fade and hollow grow. But the hearts that love will know, never winter's frost and chill, summer's warmth is in them still."
Buscaglia, Leo on love
22 fans of this quote
"Don't smother each other. No one can grow in the shade."
Buscaglia, Leo on love
20 fans of this quote
"Don't hold to anger, hurt or pain. They steal your energy and keep you from love."
Buscaglia, Leo on love
32 fans of this quote
"Love comes from blindness, friendship from knowledge."
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This quotation can be viewed in the context of a book
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
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Without doubt God is the universal moving force, but each being is moved according to the nature that God has given it. He directs angels, man, animals, brute matter, in sum all created things, but each according to its nature, and man having been created free, he is freely led. This rule is truly the eternal law and in it we must believe. Maistre, Joseph De
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Difference between revisions of "Stuttgart"
From Wikitravel
Stuttgart (region) : Stuttgart
Jump to: navigation, search
(Public transportation)
(Theater & Concert: Ads Events in Dresden Sichern Sie sich jetzt Tickets für Veranstaltungen in Dresden! www.eventim.de)
Line 219: Line 219:
* Classical concerts and serious music are covered by the Liederhalle [http://www.liederhalle-stuttgart.de/]
* Classical concerts and serious music are covered by the Liederhalle [http://www.liederhalle-stuttgart.de/]
* A Musical Theatre (the Apollo-Theater) is placed in Möhringen in the SI-Zentrum [http://www.si-centrum.de]. (It has shown musicals like "Cats" and "Miss Saigon" and usually stages a new musical every year.)
+
* A Musical Theatre (the Apollo-Theater) is placed in Möhringen in the SI-Zentrum [http://www.si-centrum.de]. (It has shown musicals like "Cats" and "Miss Saigon" and usually stages a new musical every year.)
+
*There is also the Palladium Theater in the Stuttgart Musical Center, which is currently presenting the Broadway musical ''Wicked'' [http://www.wicked-welt.de], starring Willemijn Verkaik as Elphaba and Lucy Scherer as Glinda. This has gotten very good reviews, including Tim Schleider's review, of the ''Stuttgarter Zeitung'', proclaimed, "there is no doubt, ''Wicked'' is the most entertaining, the liveliest, the most colorful and, above all, the smartest production that we have seen at the Stuttgart Musical Centre."
+
====Cinema====
====Cinema====
Revision as of 09:59, 26 November 2012
Schlossplatz
Stuttgart [1] is the capital of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, with a population of approximately 606,000 in the immediate city and more than 2,6 million people in the metropolitan area.
Stuttgart was founded in the 10th century; its name is a modern version of the original Stutengarten ("mare's garden"). Presently it is the 6th largest city in Germany. It is most famous for its automotive industry - both Porsche and Mercedes-Benz have their headquarters in Stuttgart and both have car museums.
Stuttgarters are amazingly friendly people who will forgive you if German isn't your first or second (or any) language. If you do speak German well: beware that many people speak the local Schwäbisch dialect natively which may somewhat effect their standard German - which however everyone can speak. They love to practice other languages (especially English) and will try to help you. Stuttgart is a big city with a small-town atmosphere.
Contents
Get in
By plane
Stuttgart has one airport [2], located in Leinfelden-Echterdingen. Various airlines including low cost airline TUI [3] serve direct flight connections between Stuttgart and major German and European cities. It will not be difficult to book a flight to Stuttgart from outside Europe connecting through a major hub such as London Heathrow or Paris Charles de Gaulles. Fares usually don't differ if you fly into Frankfurt, Munich, Hamburg or Stuttgart. Lufthansa [4] has an agreement with Deutsche Bahn/German rail [5] and your commuter flight from Frankfurt could actually be a train ride. This is very convenient if you head for Stuttgart CBD.
Delta Air Lines has non-stop service from Atlanta to Stuttgart. American Airlines offers codeshare service from Frankfurt Airport on the ICE high-speed trains to the Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof (ZWS). These tickets are often cheaper than buying a flight soley to Frankfurt, despite having the additional segment.
Continental Airlines / UNITED has daily non-stop service from Newark / New York City.
You'll most likely want to go to the center of Stuttgart but are now standing somewhat outside at the airport in Leinfelden-Echterdingen. The best way is the Public Transport [6] which is clean, cheap and safe.
• Public Transport
• The S-Bahn line S2 or S3 will bring you to Stuttgart's center within 27 minutes (see Timetable from station 'Flughafen' to station 'Hauptbahnhof'). Tickets can be purchased at vending machines at the level below the airport and above the platform. Tickets should be validated at orange boxes on the platform before boarding the train.
• Several bus lines head for other destinations.
By train
The main station (Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof) is in the very center of Stuttgart. Timetables for trains and booking are available on the webpages of Deutsche Bahn AG [7]. For getting on from Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof and around in the city of Stuttgart itself, see Public Transportation below.
By car
The state highways A8 and A81 form a cross near Stuttgart ('Stuttgarter Kreuz'). The City is in the upper right quarter of that cross. West/east-Highway A8 passes Stuttgart slightly to the south, north/south-highway A81 passes slightly to the west. Generally, follow the sign "Stuttgart Zentrum" to get to the center of Stuttgart (and try to not lose yourself in a suburb district: there are smaller towns all over the place melted together to form Stuttgart.)
Smaller but important routes from the center of Stuttgart to the areas outside are the B10 (to the east: Esslingen, Göppingen), B14 (to the southwest: 'Stuttgarter Kreuz', Sindelfingen, Böblingen) and B27 (to the south: airport, Tübingen, Reutlingen, to the north: Ludwigsburg).
• During rush hours, all streets in the region will be a mess! Avoid 07:30 to 9:30 o'clock and 16:30 to 18:30 o'clock.
• Highway A8 between Stuttgart-Karlsruhe is always a potential traffic-jam during worktime.
• Never ever during rush hours drive near 'Pragsattel' (traffic node, connecting the northern suburbs). It kills your day.
• Dont trust your navigation system. The Germans have decided to perform every single project associated with roadways at the same time.
Get around
Public transportation
Public transportation is provided by the Stadtbahn (U-bahn) and S-Bahn. For short distances, it is best to use the Stadtbahn (or bus if necessary). For longer distances (to get to the suburbs) the U-Bahn is faster but has fewer stations than the Stadtbahn.
Stuttgart's public transport is fully integrated and a travel ticket can be used on any mixture of buses and trains/trams that may be required to complete the journey.
Public transportation late at night (after midnight) is a problem! On the weekend there are night buses, but they are infrequent (1:11AM, 2:00AM, 2:22AM, 3:10AM and 3:33AM) and on odd routes. Be careful if you have a very early airplane since there are no connections to the airport in the early morning between 1 and 5.
If you are staying for more than a day, for added mobility buy a special 3 days ticket ("3-Tage-Ticket"). These are available from:
• Hotels
• The airport
• The tourist information office at the end of Königstraße nearest Hauptbahnhof - but make sure you take proof that you're a tourist (eg. hotel booking confirmation).
There are two types of 3-day tickets available; one covers the main Stuttgart city and the other is valid for the entire VVS network, including Ludwigsburg.
The city transport network is separated in zones. The city of Stuttgart is only Zone 10 and 20. Normal tickets are available at the many automats in the stations.
Travel tickets are usually purchased (and priced) to cover the number of zones for the journey. All day tickets / EinzelTagesTickets are a good value for visitors. Group day tickets/ GruppenTagesTickets are also a good value with 1-5 people able to travel using one ticket. Four-journey tickets / 4er-Tickets are also a good value. These can be used on different days or trips and have to be stamped - once at each end of the ticket and on both sides.
Note that in the Stadtbahn and the buses stamping machines are available inside the cars, while on the S-Bahn they are located at the entrances of the stations and there is no possibility to stamp once you are in the train. (If you do forget to stamp your ticket in the S-Bahn, either get out at the next station, stamp and wait for the following train, or write the current time and location on the stamping field with a non-erasable pencil – this will also be accepted by the inspectors most of the time.)
Fare-dodging is severely frowned upon and plain-clothes inspectors are on constant patrol. Fines are steep, starting at EUR 40 per person for the first offense.
There are six S-Bahn lines (S1...S6) and 12 Stadtbahn lines (U1...U9 + U13...U15) and several bus lines. Most lines will lead via Hauptbahnhof, ending in a layout that is pretty centralized: If you want to go somewhere, chances are, you have to ride via Hauptbahnhof. The following Stadtbahn or S-Bahn stations are located in the heart of the city: Hauptbahnhof, Schlossplatz, Charlottenplatz, Stadtmitte (Rotebühlplatz), Feuersee, Rathaus, Staatsgalerie, and Berliner Platz (Liederhalle). For a complete description see the official map of rail network[8].
A specialty of public transportation is the rack-railway between Stuttgart-Marienplatz and Stuttgart-Degerloch. It is the only urban rack-railway in Germany!
There is an old cable-car (look for Seilbahn) running from Stuttgart-Heslach to the cemetery. It is signposted.
Both rack-railway and cable-car do not require a special ticket, instead all normal tickets valid in Zone 10 (including day tickets) are valid.
Stuttgart's public transportation on the web - Homepage: [9] - English version: [10] – this is also a useful tool that gives prices and detailed information on how to reach every location, including foot paths to buildings.
Escalators in Germany are a two-lane affair. "Gehen" on the left (to walk with the escalator) and "Stehen" on the right (to stand still). Not all people respect this, but even those who do not will move out of the way if they hear you approaching energetically or if you say "Entschuldigung!". As a tourist, however, it is advisable to comply with this scheme.
Walking
Pedestrian zone in Stuttgart
In the inner city, walking is no problem. The distances are not far and a traversal of the inner city by foot can be easily done within 25 minutes.
UK visitors should prepare themselves for small cultural differences:
• The Germans will patiently wait at a pedestrian crossing, even when no traffic is coming, until the "green man" comes on.
To get a sense for the inner city, you should get to know following streets and places:
• Königstraße: Hauptbahnhof, Schlossplatz.
• Rotebühlplatz: Calwer Passage
• Marienstraße.
• Rathaus: Marktplatz (Rathausplatz), Schulstraße
• Stadtpark: Staatstheater, Staatsgalerie, Charlottenplatz
• Bolzstraße, Friedrichsbau, Liederhalle
Biking
The city lies in a basin of a hilly region the Stuttgarters call "Kessel", literally "cauldron", and between the lowest part of the city and the highest part of the city are 250 meter of altitude. There is a lot of car traffic, and routes for bikes are not well developed. Biking in the outlying areas of Stuttgart, e.g. in the Neckar Valley or the Schönbuch (just south of the city) is very nice. Stuttgart is one of the greenest urban areas in Europe. There are many paths through the surrounding forests which are in very good shape.
By car
If you intend to drive by car inside Stuttgart, the only possibility to park are parking blocks at about 1,50 EUR per hour. Some parking blocks are closed during late night, providing no way of getting your car out. The street layout and numerous tunnels in Stuttgart can be confusing for tourists. Driving by car is not recommended.
Car drivers should know following ring and how to get there and off again, if trying to master an inner city ride.
--- Theodor-Heuss-Str. --- Friedrichsstr. -----
| |
Paulinenstr. Schillerstr. (Hauptbahnhof)
| |
-- Hauptstätter Str.--- Konrad-Adenauer-Str. --
By taxi
Taxis are expensive. For 10 EUR you will get about 4 minutes of a taxi drive. With two or more people, getting a taxi together at night (when public transportation has stopped) can make sense.
Call a taxi in Stuttgart: Phone Nr. 0711/55 10 000 - Taxi-Auto-Zentrale Stuttgart [11]
See
The "Tazzelwurm" mini-train in Killesberg Park
• Mercedes-Benz factory, Sindelfingen (S-bahn to Boblingen, then catch the courtesy bus). The heart of Mercedes-Benz manufacture, and well worth the visit. There are some 40,000 employees on site, including 9,000 in research & development alone!
Museums
• Technical museum: Mercedes-Benz Museum, Mercedesstraße 137/1, Bad Cannstatt (S-Bahn: "Neckarpark (Mercedes-Benz)", see timetable etc. [12]), [13]. Newly built in 2006 in an astonishing architecture. Frequently visited and really very cool.
• Technical museum: Porsche Museum, Porscheplatz 1, Zuffenhausen (S-Bahn: S6 to "Neuwirtshaus (Porscheplatz)", see timetable etc. [14])
• State gallery: Staatsgalerie Stuttgart, Konrad-Adenauer-Str. 30-32, [15]. There are two exhibitions in different buildings. "Alte Staatsgalerie" ("Old": Art from 1500 to 1900) and "Neue Staatgalerie" ("New": Modern art) . You can walk inside from one exhibition to the other. The permanent exhibits are free on Wednesdays and Saturdays.
• Contemporary arts museum: Kunstgebäude, "Art Building" [16]
• Modern art museum: Kunstmuseum Stuttgart, Kleiner Schlossplatz 1, [17]
• Historical art museum: Württembergisches Landesmuseum, Altes Schloss, Schillerplatz 6, [18]
• Ethnological museum: Lindenmuseum, Hegelplatz 1, features a small but impressing collection of masks from the pacific [19]
• Musical instruments museum: Musikinstrumentenmuseum located near the Stiftskirche in the "Fruchtkasten" in the center of the city. See a unique selection of historical keyboards. Free entry! [20]
• Museum Ritter: [21]
• Natural History museum: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Two exhibitions, one features biology and evolution and the other features paleontology and archeology. [22]
Zoo
• Wilhelma, zoological and botanical gardens, Neckartalstraße, Bad Cannstatt (More information and arrival see Wilhelma [23])
Definitely a must for families. But watching monkeys and weird flowers in this old place can be fun for young adults, too. (Unless you feel pity for the locked up creatures.) Wilhelma is also worth visiting for its architecture and landscaping features - the core of Wilhelma is housed in a 19th century palace/park landscape in the Moorish style, created for and named after the former king Wilhelm of Wuerttemberg.
Planetarium
• A fascinating astronomical journey, projected by optical hightech equipment: Carl Zeiss Planetarium . Note that almost all the shows conducted here are in German. You may have to check with the office for English show timings.[24]
Buildings
Stuttgart used to be an impressive town but was heavily damaged during World War II and only few buildings were rebuilt to classical elegance. The 50's still were post-war, in the 60's and 70's architectural things didn't matter at all and in the 80's and 90's with major insurance companies and banks building monuments of bad taste in the inner city, the aesthetic situation wasn't really improving.
Here are some of the exceptions:
• Altes Schloss, Old Palace (1300-1500)
• Stiftsfruchtkasten, Collegiate Storehouse (1393)
• Alte Kanzlei, Old Chancellery (16th century)
• Prinzenbau, Princes' Building (1605-1715)
• Neues Schloss, New Palace (1700-1800)
• Solitude Schloss Solitude, Solitude Palace (1700-1800)
• Wilhelmspalais, King William's Palace (1834-1840)
• Königsbau, King's Building (1850)
• Markthalle, Market Hall (1910)
• Staatstheater (Grosses Haus), State Theater (1912)
• Hauptbahnhof, Main Railway Station (1920)
• Weissenhofsiedlung, (1927) [25]
• Liederhalle, Culture and Congress Centre, (1956)
• Staatsgalerie, State Gallery (1977)
Towers and scenic outlooks
• Fernsehturm Stuttgart , TV Tower (1954-1956)[26], world's first TV tower built from reinforced concrete and prototype for all modern TV towers, with a beautiful view over Stuttgart. The Stadtbahn U15 to Ruhbank (Fernsehturm) gives you a wonderful view of the city. Entrance is €5 per person and is worth it for the near-fairground quality of the ride in the lift to the top. There's a nice cafe at the top which serves fresh food and drinks.
• Grabkapelle Württemberg (Burial chapel Württemberg)
• Killesbergturm (Killesberg Tower). A recently built tower in the "Killesberg Park" (see also "green U" under Parks & Gardens), north of the city centre
• Bismarckturm, [27], a small tower northwest of the city centre, not far from Killesberg Tower
• Hauptbahnhof The tower of the Hauptbahnhof is a free climb (to the Mercedes-Benz symbol at top), granting awesome views of Königstraße and the city. 10am-6pm.
• Birkenkopf A debris mountain made of 15 million cubic meters of rubble from WWII as a memorial to everyone who died in the war. It is the highest point in Stuttgart.
• Karlshöhe A hill that separates the western and southern city. Walk uphill 10 minutes southern from S-Bahn-Station "Feuersee" through a park (via Senefelder Str, right to Reinsburgstr, left to Jean-Améry-Weg). Have a outlook and enjoy the beer garden.
• Weißenburgpark A hill opposite to the Karlshöhe. Easy approach: It is a short hop from Station "Bopser" (U5, U6, U7). Outlook and nice Jugendstil-restaurant and beer garden (closes at 11pm)
Churches
• Domkirche St. Eberhard (St. Eberhard's Cathedral Church)
• Grabkapelle Württemberg (Burial chapel Württemberg)
• Hospitalkirche (Hospital Church)
• Leonhardskirche (St. Leonard's Church)
• Stiftskirche (Collegiate Church), built in 1175, restored 1999 to 2003
• Veitskapelle (St. Vitus Chapel)
• St. Catherine's Church, Stuttgart(English speaking Anglican Church)[28]
• Johanneskirche Church, Stuttgart
Squares
• Schlossplatz (Palace Square)
• Marktplatz(Market Square)
• Karlsplatz (Charles Square)
• Schillerplatz (Schiller Square)
Other historic parts of the city
• Bohnenviertel(14th century)
Parks and gardens
• "Das Grüne U": Most of Stuttgart's many parks and gardens are usually referred to by locals as "das Grüne U" (the green "U") because of the U-shaped form in which they are located around the city centre. They form a long and beautiful path around the city, starting at the Schlossgarten at the northern facade of the new palace (Neues Schloss), continuing through Rosensteinpark with the natural history museum and a rear entrance to Wilhelma (the zoo), and ending in Killesberg Park. Walking at a reasonable pace, you can walk the entire circuit in about 2 hours. There are beer gardens (look for Biergarten signs) and restaurants along the way, and the Killesberg Park is a real treat. It was designed for a huge botanical expo several years ago and remains a truly stunning park, especially in spring when in full bloom. If you're interested in architecture, be sure not to miss the structural engineering wonder Killesberg Tower, a minimalistic steel construction composed of one central support and a cable outer support system.
Other significant green areas in the city centre are:
• Akademiegarten, Academy Garden
• Schlossgarten, Palace Garden
Rail transport systems
• Killesberg Railway, a small railway in Killesberg park, on weekends using steam-powered engines!
• Stuttgart cable Car, an old cable car running to the forest cemetery
• Rack Railway Stuttgart , Germany's only urban rack-railway. It uses modern cars like the light railway and offers a nice view
Do
Arts and culture
• Wagenhallen
• Waggons am Nordbahnhof
Theater & Concert
• Ticket services (this list is by no means complete):
• Airport Ticket Tower, Airport Stuttgart, Terminal 1, Phone: 0711/9484567
• ClubHouse, (SWR3 Club-Veranstaltungen) Hauptbahnhof, Kleine Schalterhalle, 70173 Stuttgart, Phone: 0711/260077
• A good entry spot in the web for theaters, culture and events is [29] (English).
• Watch and listen to the ballet company [30] of the state theater Stuttgart Staatstheater [31]. (Stuttgart is quite fond of its ballet company dancing at very high skill. Definitely a top place to go to in the evening. You'll need to reserve tickets in advance.)
• Classical concerts and serious music are covered by the Liederhalle [32]
• A Musical Theatre (the Apollo-Theater) is placed in Möhringen in the SI-Zentrum [33]. (It has shown musicals like "Cats" and "Miss Saigon" and usually stages a new musical every year.)
Cinema
The entry fee will be about 7,- EUR per person.
• Most cinemas will run movies with synchronized German voice without text captions and you will fail listening to the movie unless you understand German.
• But there are at least one or two movie theaters, showing movies with original audio track (and possibly German text captions), which are:
• Communal movie theater - Kommunales Kino [34] (Original with captions = OmU)
• Corso Stuttgart Stuttgart-Vaihingen [35] (All movies in original language; Tuesday are Kinoabends with greatly-reduced tickets. Great theatre atmosphere)
• Ambo [36] (center of Stuttgart, close to the main train station)
Seasonal Festivals
• Huge wine festival (Weindorf) 10 days in early September. free entrance
• Huge Christmas Market (Weihnachtsmarkt) during December. free entrance
• Huge fun fair ("VOLKSFEST ") [37] on the Cannstatter Wasen, beertents and rollercoasters, late September-early October. (Families should go there during daytime: after 20:00 o'clock beware of tough public and drunken people.) Canstatter Wasen is the second largest fun fair in the world. Visiting it is more pleasant than the Oktoberfest in Munich, because tents are not so overcrowded like on the Oktoberfest. free entrance
• Stuttgarter Frühlingsfest , a fun fair like Cannstatter Wasen in April/May, but smaller. free entrance
• Festival of Animated Film [38] (Internationales Trickfilmfestival - every year, April or May)
• Long Night of the Museums (Lange Nacht der Museen), Long Night of Sciences (Lange Nacht der Wissenschaften)
• Stuttgart Jazz Open [39], festival in mid July lasting about one week featuring American, European and other international performers at two downtown venues, one outdoor near the main train station and one indoor at a jazz club
• Hamburg Fish Market - 10-day festival featuring seafood, beer, and vendors from the northern port city of Hamburg. The market fills Karlsplatz near the Schlossplatz in mid-July. free entrance
• Bohnenviertelfest [40] (Bean Quarter Festival) downtown street music festival in mid July - music, food, drinks. free entrance
• Stuttgart Summer Festival (Sommerfest) early August, city centre - music, food and drinks. free entrance
• International Festival of Science Fiction, Horror and Thriller (Fantasy Filmfest, late July or early August: Festival for strange films, one week of Horror, Splatter, Asia, Suspense, Action and Animation.
• Many non-commercial traditional Swabian Events [41] in the summer.
Scenes & Underground
1. Nightclubbing & Bands
• You can listen to good house, drum'n'base, hiphop and other kinds of electronic music in Stuttgart. However it is not always easy to get into most discotheques. The discotheque N-Pir, which is in a very ugly building in Stuttgart-Feuerbach, has a very restritictive door policy!
• Bands, Nightclubs and Events are covered by local magazines (generally not in English).
• Try [42] and [43] (event magazines for Stuttgart).
• Entry spots for nightclubbing in the cities of Stuttgart/Tübingen/Reutlingen could be:
• Stuttgart By Night [44] - A plain listing trying to keep track of all clubs, bars, cafes (plus valuable infos about Food After midnight, 24-Hour Petrol Stations)
• [45], [46], [47]
2. Small Art Galleries
• Handouts with a list of ongoing exhibitions should be delivered in local art galleries.
• The web can deliver more info.
3. People
• Take a day visit to the town Tübingen by train. (From Hauptbahnhof, main station, either take a train to Tübingen or take the S1 to Herrenberg, then change to the Ammertalbahn which goes directly to Tübingen main station. It's mediaeval center is very charming and worth the travel from Stuttgart. Apart from that, there's also a jazz cellar and various bars and cafés in Tübingen which are quite worth a visit. Special recommendations: Wurstküche ("sausage kitchen", kind of a restaurant), the Arsenal (a most lovely cinema) and after perhaps 10PM the Tangente Night.
Nightlife
A good place to go where everyone speaks English is Biddy Earlys, an Irish pub just west of the city centre/Königstraße, a five minutes walk from the major public transport station "Stadtmitte" (S-Bahn, Stadtbahn). Do a google search for directions and keep a sharp eye because the entry is a mere doorway wide which leads down the stairs to the basement. Good bands on the weekends. Two or three euro cover, four euros on weekends (plus a bag charge if you have a backpack). Everybody always welcome and you don't have to apologize for your poor German here! They show Premier League Championship and other British football here, you can celebrate or commiserate with only a handful of other drinkers.
The most popular street for clubbing is the Theodor-Heuss-Straße. Over the past years several bars, clubs and lounges have opened here. It has become the most popular place for people to go out on the weekend. During the summer, there are also many opportunities to have a drink outside.
If you want to go to a place where you can meet locals, you can visit the Bonnie and Clyde. It`s near the Stadtbahn station Stöckach. The owners speak English well, so do most of the guests. Many students, so music is from rock to punk. No cover charge.
Another great bar is the Classic Rock Cafe which is a few blocks away from Biddy Early's. Do a Google on it and you can find directions. No cover charge here even on weekends and the music is great! Interesting decor too. And everyone is welcome!
If you're into Indie music, you might wanna check out the Zwölfzehn bar/discotheque in the Paulinenstraße, about 10 minutes west from "Stadtmitte". It is close to the next S-Bahn stop "Feuersee". In that area, around Rotebühlstraße, you'll find some nice theatres and bars.
Go to "Hans-im-Glück-Brunnen" (between 3rd and 4th street southern from the western Königsstr.: Stadtbahn-station "Rotebühlplatz/Stadtmitte" or "Rathaus"): Many bars and Mainstream to Alternative Music. Mixed and broad-minded people (in contrast to some places at Theodor-Heuss-Str). Party especially on friday and saturday.
Two great Jazzclubs are located in the Hauptstätterstr (Stadtbahn-station "Rathaus"). The "Kiste" (means "box": indeed a tiny club) charges 5 EUR (added to the drink) for a concert , daily starting at 9 or 10pm. The "Bix" named after Bix Beiderbecke offers local to top-class-acts, entry from about 7 to 30 EUR, depending on the artist.
Another interesting fact about Germany is that prostitution is legal and there are many brothels located in the city. A conglomerate of brothels and hotels letting rooms by the hour are located in the "Bohnenviertel" (Bean Quarter) between Hauptstätter Str. and Olgastr. (Stadtbahn-station "Rathaus"). The girls charge at least 30 Euros for 20 min, depending on the service.
On the outskirts of Stuttgart, in Möhringen, there is a hotel/conference/entertainment complex called the SI Centrum. A lot of foreigners stay here. This complex includes a theater for Broadway shows, the Millennium hotel, and a spacious underground complex that houses many conference rooms, bars and restaurants. It's a very nice place to stay and although it's one of the best hotels in Stuttgart, it's not that expensive. Plus there's a Stadtbahn stop right behind the hotel so you can explore easily.
Discotheques with unproblematic access
• Universum, Stuttgart, inside the stop "Charlottenplatz", take the exit to "Landtag", it's on the right on the way out (rock music, independent music, concerts)
• Alfa, Stuttgart-Möhringen (Hip-Hop, house, many aggressive people)
• LKA at Stuttgart-Wangen (rock-, country-music)
• Boa (meat market)
• Zwölfzehn
• Keller Club near Rotebühlplatz (indie dance music)
• Rockfabrik Ludwigsburg (Metal, Goth, etc. located in the city of Ludwigsburg north of Stuttgart)
• Wagenhallen near Eckardtshaldenweg
• Waggons near Nordbahnhof
Further clubs (access may be difficult)
• Perkins Park
• Zapata
• Proton
• M1 Stuttgart
• MOVE Club
• ALASITAS
• MONO
• Bett
• TO-12 (has won several prizes for its interior design)
• Muttermilch
Gay & Lesbian
• Eagle (men only leather bar)
• Boots (men only country style bar)
• Kings Club (mixed dance club)
• Jenseitz (mixed gay bar)
• Zap
• Cafe Monroe's [49]
Recreation
Travel and wander
Schedule at least a daytime for such action (plus prepare some equipment like maps, drinking water, solid shoes, food, rain gear, warm clothing during cold seasons, etc.!) You may want to contact a local tourist office for guidance.
• the Black Forest (Schwarzwald)
• the Schwäbische Alb (hilly mattock landscape) covering natures highlights like the mystical colored "Blautopf" and stalactite caves like "Bärenhöhle". Could be a nice trip for families with children.
• the Stuttgart wine trail [50]. The Obertürkheim - Uhlbach - Rotenberg - Untertürkheim trail includes a viniculture museum, the Grabkapelle Württemberg (Burial chapel Württemberg) and restaurants where you can try the local wine.
From Stuttgart you can take many nice day trips. Just an hour to an hour and a half south is the Swiss border and Zurich. On the way you can see the largest falls in Europe. An hour to the south is Triberg, a beautiful old village in the heart of the black forest which specializes in grandfather and cuckoo clocks. There is also a hiking trail which parallels a stream there. An hour to an hour and a half west from Stuttgart is Strasbourg, France. It is a small but beautiful city and possibly the most charming in France!
Some old university towns are also nearby, e.g. Tübingen (30 km/20 miles south), Heidelberg (ca. 80km/50 miles northwest) or Freiburg (120 km/80 miles southwest).
Sports
• Swim: Stuttgart is fond of its mineral springs. The best one might be the Leuze Mineralbad [51] which also offers a sauna, but there are many others like Neckarbad or Cannstatt Mineral Bath [52], which is open until 21.30 weekdays and serves excellent food til late !
• Several commercial Tennis- and Squash-Centers available
• You can windsurf on areas of the Max-Eyth-See when there is enough wind. (But honestly, surfers should better head for either Atlantic, North Sea or Lago di Garda!)
• Canooing: you can go canooing on one of the rivers in the greater area: Enz [53], Neckar, Nagold or a little bit further off the Donau [54] and Rhein - there are several good companies offering guided tours. You can check out http://www.viabono.de to find good and certified companies.
Relax
• Stuttgart is full of mineral springs. Take some time out and enjoy The Leuze [55] or Mineral Bad Cannstatt.
Spectate (Sports/concerts)
• See the city's most famous sports team, the Fussball Bundesliga Club (premier league football club) VfB Stuttgart [56], in action. The club's home ground, the Mercedes-Benz-Arena, is in the Bad Cannstatt district, in the same neighborhood as the Mercedes-Benz Museum and the Cannstatter Wasen, where the Volksfest (i.e. Stuttgart's "Oktoberfest") takes place in autumn (see above).
News about Sport in Stuttgart see Nachrichten Stuttgart Sport [57] [58].
• International ladies' tennis can be seen in September/October each year, with the WTA's Porsche Grand Prix event having transferred in 2006 from Filderstadt to central Stuttgart at - unsurprisingly - the Porsche Arena [59]. This prestigious Tier I event usually attracts all the top players, with large prize-money and a brand new Porsche car on offer to the winner !
• Only concerts of classical music take place in the city centre's concert halls, especially Liederhalle [60]. Rock and pop concerts are usually held in the Schleyer Halle [61] or the newly (2006) opened Porsche Arena [62] [63] or - rarely - inside the Daimler Stadium (see above). The mentioned halls/arenas are also in the Cannstatt district, close to the stadium and the Wasen.
You should travel to the stadium, the Benz museum and/or the Schleyer/Porsche Arena by Stadtbahn (subway) or S-Bahn (local train) and get off at the stop Mercedesstraße (Stadtbahn, long walk and you will probably have to ask for further directions) or "Neckarpark (Mercedes-Benz)" (S-Bahn). Finding parking spaces is very difficult, especially at football games and concerts and during the Volksfest.
Buy
Major points
The US enjoys an (almost) 24/7 retail environment. This is definitely not the case in Europe.
• The banks close at lunchtime on weekdays, usually 13:00 - 14:00.
• The banks close at 13:00 on Saturday and stay shut until Monday morning.
• A surprisingly large number of stores and restaurants do not take credit cards other than MasterCard and Visa, and it may be difficult to find ATMs that accept other cards as well.
• Shops are open until about 8PM Monday-Saturday.
• Stuttgart city centre has practically no shops open on Sunday. The only shops you're likely to find open are the odd chemist (Apotheke) and a brezel shop or two. If you're leaving Germany on a Sunday and are putting off your souvenir-buying until the day you leave, you'll be getting all your presents from the airport.
• By the same token, ensure you've got enough food, drink and toiletries to last you from Saturday until Monday.
• Don't try perfumes and aftershaves by spraying directly onto your wrist etc. - you'll get disapproving looks. There are small sticks of card provided - spray onto those and smell them.
Shopping around the Königstraße
The main shopping street in Stuttgart is the Königstraße which starts at the main railway station. Left and right of Königstraße are interesting shops, too, but Königstraße is a good startpoint for navigation in the inner city.
What may come as surprise to American visitors is that the price listed on German price tags is the price you pay - tax (MWST) is already included. Non-EU shoppers can buy Value Added Tax (VAT) forms (€3 each) and use each for 19% off the listed price! Since they cost money, this is only practical for items over a certain amount.
Big department stores/shopping malls
• Galeria Kaufhof (range of goods: all products you can think of / price and quality: mass market)
• Breuninger (range of goods: clothing and household / price and quality: high / the traditional department store in Stuttgart)
• Karstadt(range of goods: household, clothing, electronics / price and quality: average)
• Königsbaupassagen [64] (range of goods: all products you can think of / price and quality: mass market / high)
Clothing
• Abseits[65] (trendy designer labels at high prices. Just behind the Kunstmuseum.)
• Breuninger Subway (latest fashion highlights and shoes)
• Breuninger [66] (nice clothes and shoes for the business man and woman)
• C&A
• Fruit of the Loom, Uli Knecht
• Geschwisterliebe (German brand for young people)
• H&M (Hennes & Mauritz, cheap trendy bodywear)
• Pimkie and NewYorker (trendy clothes for teens)
• SportScheck (sport shoes, clothing and equipment), near to the train station
• COS (Königstraße)
Music stores
• Saturn
• Cheap Trash Records [67]
• Ratzer Records [68]
• Second Hand Records [69]
Food markets
• market square: "Marktplatz am Rathaus", public market on Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday mornings;
• "Wilhelmsplatz", somewhat smaller public food market on Friday
• market hall: "Markthalle" (exotic wares, exotic prices)
• indoor farmer's market: Bauernmarkthalle, Herderstraße 13 (U9 Vogelsang) [70]
Food stores
ALDI Edeka Kaufland LIDL Penny Rewe real netto
Messe Stuttgart (trade fairs)
The trade fair [71] and exhibition centre is located right next to the airport in Leinfelden-Echterdingen, south of Stuttgart. Public transportation is available via buses and the S-Bahn lines S2 and S3 (station Flughafen/Airport). From there it is just a short walk.
Consumer exhibitions
Some of the consumer exhibitions of the Messe Stuttgart can be entertaining and educational:
• (January) CMT - Travel, Vacation and Camping exhibition
• (November) Süddeutsche Spielmesse - South Germany's largest exhibition for games
• (November) Modellbau Süd - Exhibition for model cars, aircraft, ships
Eat
Major points
Food and drink in Germany can differ from the US/UK and other countries. Here are a few miscellaneous points to consider:
• Smaller restaurants sometimes don't have much for vegetarians.
• Groups of diners will usually receive their orders individually when the food is ready, rather than all together.
• In a bar, beer will be served at your table and you usually pay the waiter/waitress when you leave (or when they leave).
• Mineral water is usually carbonated ("mit Kohlensäure") and still water ("ohne Kohlensäure/stilles Wasser") usually has to be specified.
• If you ask for tea (the drink) you'll probably get fruit tea. Ask for "schwarzen Tee" (black tea) for normal tea but have a backup plan as smaller cafes may not have any.
• "Milch" (milk) for drinks is usually condensed/evaporated milk. Ask for "frische Milch" for normal milk.
• Many fruit juices are packed with multi-vitamins, giving them a cloudy/opaque appearance and a somewhat silty texture.
• If you ask for coffee, it will usually come with milk already in it. Ask for "schwarzen Kaffee" for black coffee.
• Grocery stores can often be found in the basement level of department stores.
Fast Food
• Stuttgart is known for the Brezel. (You'll find them at the small wooden cabins on Königstraße and at any baker's shop.) A Brezel tastes even better with some butter on it. A "Butterbrezel" costs about 1 Euro.
• At the many Döner (Turkish food) stands. Take care to order "mit scharf" (Pul Biber - dried chili, hot) or "ohne scharf" (not hot...). For learners of German it's worth noting that both "mit scharf" and "ohne scharf" are incorrect German and would literally translate to either "with spicy" or "without spicy". Instead simply "scharf" (spicy) or "nicht scharf" (not spicy) should be used, but may then not be understood at the food stands.
• Some Italian and Asian delivery services at varying quality.
• Some small snack shops sell potato chips with ketchup and roasted sausage. They are sometimes located in white trailers.
• Also on Steinstr. is Veggie Voodoo King, a vegan falafel shop.
• Only two or three fast food shops are opened during night. Kebap Nemo at Rotebühlplatz. Dilan Kebab (walk from Stadtmitte towards Wilhelmsplatz and take a left "Tagblattturm")
• For opened during night: The "Gül Kebap" which is a Döner and has opened 24/7. You can find it near the "Rathaus" (City Hall) and even closer to the "Conrad".
• If you have young children with you, try Wienerwald across from the train station. They have a play area with a small slide and their half chicken meal with salad and fries is enough food for an adult and small child to share.
• In the Hauptbahnhof, you can eat at "Nordsee" (a chain of fast food seafood restaurant). There is an amazing variety of seafood dishes, sandwiches, sushi, etc. The price is very good and the presentation is colourful and appetizing!
Restaurants
• If you enter restaurants of small hotels or guesthouses you'll most likely get the local Swabian food (and often bad support for vegetarians). Order some 'Spätzle' or 'Knödel' as a rich side dish there.
• Stuttgart publishes a book annually entitled "Stuttgart geht aus" (Stuttgart goes out). This is available at iPunkt next to the Hauptbahnhoff on Königstrasse. This book, published in German, is a great guide to restaurants in the city. The small biergartens typically have great food, and they're all listed in this book! (The German is low-level and a pocket dictionary will be all you'll need if you don't speak German)
• There are good and bad restaurants of any color in town: German, Italian, French, Greek, Japanese, Chinese, Indian, African, American among others.
• Common restaurant prices:
• Pizza prices start at about 8,- EUR.
• Nice meat or fish will start at about 16,- EUR.
• Non-alcoholic drinks start at 2,50 EUR
• Glass of beer start at 2,60 EUR
• Glass of wine with ok quality start at 5,- EUR
• Longdrinks start at 6,- EUR
• Stuttgart also has two star rated restaurants
• Wielandshöhe [72] (Vincent Klink)
• Speisemeisterei [73] (Martin Öxle)
• Two nice Italian restaurants can be found at the beginning of Calwer Straße at the Stadtmitte S-Bahn stop.
• Restaurant Cafe Markthalle, Dorotheenstrasse 4 (one block from Rathaus Marktplatz farmer's market), +49 (0)711/24 59 79 (fax: +49 (0)711/23 61 040). M-F 6AM-10PM Sa 7AM-6PM. Restaurant attached to Stuttgart's international marketplace for produce, meat, and cheese (which is a nice shopping experience by itself). Serves regional and seasonal dishes. Also serves substantial breakfasts if you are hungry for more than bakery fare. €7-€15 for entrees, drinks start at €2.
• Sonja's Biergarten im Schlossgarten (Beer garden in the palace park), Am Schlossgarten 18 (in the city park near the main train station), +49 (0)711 - 22 612 74 (, fax: +49 (0)711 - 22 612 75), [74]. Daily 10:30AM-1 AM. Beautiful setting and reasonable prices. Order cafeteria style or sit down to be waited on. Free live music on Sundays from May - September. €3-10 for entrees, drinks start at €2.
• Sophies Brauhaus, Marienstraße 28 (U-Bahn Rotebuehlplatz, S-Bahn Stadtmitte), +49 (0)711/61 09 62 (, fax: +49 (0)711/61 18 75), [75]. M-Th 11:30AM-1:30AM, F-Sa 11:30AM-2AM, Su 10AM-midnight. Brewpub serving regional specialties and its own beer. A lovely bar with impressive decorations. €1.20-€15.
• Punto Fisso italienisches Restaurant, Punto Fisso . Christophstraße 14 . 70178 Stuttgart, +49 (0)711 605126, [76]. M-Th 12:00AM-2:30PM and 18:00PM-1:00AM, F-Sa 12:00AM-2:30PM and 18:00PM-2:00AM, Su 12:00AM-1:00AM. Die Adresse für hervorragende italienisches Küche in Stuttgart . One of the best italian restaurant in stuttgart €2.50-€17,50.
• Restaurant Aspendos, Neckarstraße 98. 70190 Stuttgart, +49 (0) 711 2859503, [77]. M-Sa 17.30 - 24.00 Uhr. Excellent Turkish restaurant with a decent list of vegetarian plates. €10-€25.
Canteens
Canteens fit the gap between fast food and a common restaurant. Canteens serve somewhat richer meal at medium prices. Most canteens have a busy ambience.
Breakfast
In the morning, locals definitely want to get some fresh bread (and brezels and broetchen [bread rolls/buns]) from the baker's shop and serve them with butter, cheese, ham, honey, jam and eggs from the fridge.
Many locals and visitors will enjoy breakfast at the bakery itself, in the "Stehcafe" - literally, "standing cafe". These are usually a corner of the shop with tall tables which you stand at rather than sit at.
Orange juice together with coffee or tea or hot chocolate will fit nicely.
The breakfast in hotels will also look more or less that way.
You can also order this breakfast setup in some or the other cafe or pub, but you'd have to know the good places at first, if you don't want to end up with a poor dish.
There are 2 Starbucks Coffee Shops along Königstraße (a 3rd to open soon on the high-end districk on Calwer Straße). But don't look for low-fat muffin or cream cheese options.
Drink
Many shops offer inside free water from a fountain. Be prepared for solid prices in bars, cafes, pubs, clubs and the like. You'll find plenty of them (including, for example Irish Pubs and Community).
• Waranga, Kleiner Schlossplatz
• Palast der Republik (during summer), Friedrichstraße 27
• The Sky Beach (during summer) [78]
• Suite 212, the first bar/lounge that opened on Stuttgart's party street - the Theodor-Heuss-Straße
If you're looking for a posh club, you can try one of the following:
• Penthouse, Heilbronner Str. [79]
• Perkins Park, Stresemannstr. 39 [80]
In such places, it's hard to be overdressed. But even if you "dress to impress", there's no guarantee that the doormen will let you in.
For a more alternative atmosphere, check out one of these:
• Schocken, Hirsch Str. 36 [81]
• Schräglage, Marktstr. 6 [82]
• Kap Tormentoso, large smoking section, good beer, Hirschstr. 27 [83]
• Hotzenplotz, rustic atmosphere, Silberburgstr. 88 [84]
• ZEM bar.lounge, Rotbühlstrasse.7, 71063 Sindelfingen, Germany, 07031-4289929, [85]. Trendy bar and lounge in Sindelfingen Cocktails and shisha lounge. Dressy. Outdoor seating is available. Terrific service. Make reservations by emailing info@zem-bar.de
Sleep
• Alex30 Hostel, Alexanderstrasse 30 (U-bahn: Olgaeck), +49 711 838895-0 (, fax: +49 711 838895-20), [86]. checkout: 12noon. Centrally located hostel with breakfast buffet. Youth Hostel card is not required to stay. WiFi €1; also a computer terminal at regular rates. Shared room from €22. Private rooms also available.
• Youth hostel, Haussmannstraße 27, ☎ +49 711 24 15 83. (10 min walk from main station, [87], or take the U15 to Eugensplatz (Jugendherberge)). €25 Euro/adult and €5 for internet + €6 for breakfast, €3 for a Youth Hostel card. They will charge you for shampoo (€1.50) and towel (cleaning fee €1.50) separately.
• ETAP hotel, Siemmensstrasse 28, (next to Maybachstraße U-Bahn and a few minutes walk from Pragsattel). Free WiFi in the rooms and foyer however the login webpage is very bad and sometimes the "Gratis WLAN" link doesn't display. During the week a room for 1 person is €49 with a €10 surcharge for a second person and €39 at the weekend. The rooms have a double bed and a single bed in them.
• Park Inn Hotel Stuttgart at Hauptstaetter Strasse, ☎ +49 711 320 94 0 [88]. 200 m from Marienplatz.
• NH Stuttgart Airport, Bonlaender Hauptstrasse 145. D-70794 Filderstadt, +49 711 77810, [89]. Between the airport and the town centre. The rooms are comfortable. Beach club restaurant. From €99.
• T-Com Tageshotel, Universität in Vaihingen. Reasonable prices for weekend stays, including buffet breakfast.
• If you have an early morning flight, it is possible to spend the night in the airport, as check-in areas stay open at night.
• Mövenpick Hotel Stuttgart Airport & Messe, Flughafenstrasse 50, 70629, Stuttgart, Germany, +49 711 553 440, [90]. Superior 4 star hotel with direct access to the airport and convention centre.
Splurge
• Le Méridien Stuttgart, Willy-Brand-Straße 30, +49 711 2221 0 (), [91]. Park-side hotel of 291 rooms and suites, wellness area with pool, jacuzzi, sauna and fitness centre, a French restaurant, Le Cassoulet, and 13 meeting rooms From €138.
• Steigenberger Graf Zeppelin. Has more traditional luxury rooms. Rates are similar to the Le Meridien.
Communicate
The main telecommunications provider in Germany is Deutsche Telekom which trades under the names of T-Home (for landline phones), T-Online (for Internet connections) and T-Mobile for mobile communications. Anything relating to these companies are easily identified by the bright pink "T" logo. There are often shops in German towns called "T-Punkt" (Literally T-Point) where you can buy cell phones and get other information.
Phone
• The main mobile networks in Germany are T-Mobile, O2 Deutschland, Vodafone and E-Plus.
• Call Shops are frequented by a lot of foreigners to call home.
• A mobile/cell phone is known as a "Handy".
• Prepaid Handys are cheap - about EUR 20,- and certain phones get free in-coming calls, so long as the call is received in Germany (TMobile). Calling a different country is expensive, so beware. Prepaid Handys can be found cheaply in Electronics stores and other stores as well (Saturn, Tschibo, etc.).
• Don't forget that the text messages and voice messages from the network (eg. when checking or topping up credit) will be in German. If you don't speak German, get somebody to help you.
• The mobile GSM networks are fully developed. UMTS (3G), too.
• Public phone cells accept telephone-cards and coins. Since almost everybody owns his own mobile, public phone cells outside crowded areas become less and harder to spot, but they are still available.
Net
• Internet cafes
• Local phone lines are either usable for analog-modems or for ISDN. An up-to-date list of call-by-call providers can be found at heise.de [92].
• Hugendubel (walking from Hauptbahnhof to Schlossplatz, it's about halfway in between, on the left side) has free wifi for customers in their cafe on the 3rd floor.
• Commercial WLAN-Hotspots are available at the airport and few other places.
• Do be aware though, that a lot of WLAN-Hotspots are operated by T-Mobile (Germany's main telecommunications provider) and they can be quite expensive and some only give you German instructions! The Germans do tend you help you out with this.
• Some hotels provide WLAN-Hotspots. Ask in advance.
• If you find a private WLAN with an email-address as its network name, it's most likely an invitation to contact its friendly operator via email.
• Usenet, see group: stgt.general
• IRCnet: join channel #stuttgart
Get out
By train
For connections and timetables see webpages of Deutsche Bahn AG [93].
For connections to nearer cities in the area which may be worth a visit (e.g. Esslingen, Ludwigsburg with their historic centres), you may also try the "S-Bahn" commuter trains which will take you there and back at least every half an hour. See Public transportation above for more information and timetable links. Other nearby cities that may be of interest include Tübingen and Reutlingen.
Fast inner-German connections
From main station Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof:
Fast European connections
From main station Stuttgart Hauptbahnhof:
• to Salzburg (Austria): 4:05 hrs. (ICE)
• to Vienna (Austria): 7:32 hrs. (IC, EN; via Munich and Salzburg)
• to Strasbourg (France) 1:20 hours (TGV),
• to Paris (France): 3:40 hours (TGV via Strasbourg) or 4:00 hours (ICE, change in Mannheim)
• to Zurich (Switzerland): 2:48 hours (ICE via Schaffhausen)
• to Amsterdam (Netherlands): 5:01 hours (ICE via Köln, Arnhem)
• to Prague (Czech Republic): 8:32 hours (ICE, EC)
• to Brussels (Belgium): 4:49 hours (ICE, IC,Thalys)
This is a guide article. It has a variety of good, quality information including hotels, restaurants, attractions, arrival and departure info. Plunge forward and help us make it a star!
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
8731.4 - Building Approvals, South Australia, Sep 1997
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 31/10/1997
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
• About this Release
Monthly; ISSN:0810-4743; Number of dwelling units and value of residential buildings (houses and other residential) approved for private and public sectors, value of alterations and additions to residential buildings and value of non-residential building by class of building (eg. hotels, offices, etc.) approved. Value of building approved at average 1989-90 prices and seasonally adjusted and trend estimates of number of dwelling units approved. Includes some information for selected statistical local areas and number and value of houses approved by material of outer walls.
This publication has been converted from older electronic formats and does not necessarily have the same appearance and functionality as later releases.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
4533.0 - Directory of Family and Domestic Violence Statistics, 2011
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 22/11/2011 First Issue
Page tools: Print Page Print All RSS Search this Product
Contents >> Tenancy Management System (TMS): Domestic and family violence related Priority Housing applications
TENANCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (TMS): DOMESTIC AND FAMILY VIOLENCE RELATED PRIORITY HOUSING APPLICATIONS, NT
DASHBOARD METADATA
Geographic Coverage
FrequencyData Availability
National
New South Wales
Victoria
Queensland
Western Australia
South Australia
Tasmania
ACT
Northern Territory
Regional
LGA
ASGC Remoteness
Other
More than annual
Annual
2-4 yearly
Less than 5 yearly
Once only
Ad hoc
Detailed publication / report publicly available
Data cubes / spreadsheets publicly available
Agency annual report
Customised data - free upon request1
Customised data - charged consultancy1
Not published - may be available on request1
Not publicly available
[1] May be subject to release conditions
DETAILED METADATA
Contact
Data custodian: Northern Territory Department of Housing, Local Government and Regional Services.
Contact: Senior Analyst Coordination and Reporting, Business, Strategy and Performance
Address: GPO Box 4621, Darwin, NT, 0801
Telephone: 08 8999 8489
Facsimile: 08 8999 8489
Email: n/a
Internet: http://www.housing.nt.gov.au/public_housing/priority_housing
Publications
No data published presently.
Purpose
The purpose of the domestic and family violence data collected in the Tenancy Management System is to inform the Northern Territory Government planning and policy in relation to priority housing needs of Territorians.
Description
In 1991, the Tenancy Management System was introduced to Territory Housing as a recording mechanism for public housing tenant information. Housing Services recognises the specific requirements of those escaping domestic and family violence, for safe, secure and affordable housing. As a provider of public housing, Housing Services’ role is to offer appropriate advice and assistance with accommodation to those people escaping violence and abuse. Domestic violence is a reason for priority housing consideration. It is not guaranteed that the priority application will be approved.
Collection Type
Administrative by-product
Family and Domestic Violence related content (data items collected)
Data Item
Victim
Secondary victim
Offender
Demographics
Age
Sex
Indigenous Status
Disability
Country of Birth
Language spoken
Employment
1
Labour force status
Education
1
Highest level
Income
All sources;
Main source; Assessable income
Geography
Address whilst on register
Other
Year of arrival in Australia;
Occupation 1
Personal data items
Services used / referrals to services
counselling
legal
financial
housing
crisis
other
Health factors
pregnancy
alcohol use / substance use
mental illness
FDV-related perceptions
satisfaction with police response
seriousness/ regarded as criminal
whether problem in neighbourhood
feelings of safety / fear
Prior history of victimisation / offending
1 2
Known outcomes
application for violence order
violence order issued
offender charged
offender went to court
offender found guilty
offender sentence type
child protection involvement
time off work / economic costs
medical treatment received / type
changed routine
other
Domestic and Family Violence as reason for seeking priority housing access3
Other personal data items
1 recorded in hard copy only; not in TMS
2 indicates repeat client, not necessarily repeat victimisation as reasons for seeking housing assistance may differ in previous occasions.
3 TMS does not currently allow reasons for seeking priority housing access to be recorded electronically, however this information will be accessible electronically following an upgrade in late 2011.
Data Item
Incident
Location
home
workplace
school/place of education/institution
public place
other
Relationship between parties
married/de facto spouse
current / former partner/boyfriend/girlfriend
parent-child
sibling
other member of household
other relatives
relationships of personal or financial dependency
Weapon use
type of weapon
Alcohol involved
Substance use involved
Physical injury sustained
type of injury
Reported to police
reasons for not reporting
Other
Information is also available about the:
• number of dwellings allocated to non-government organisations (NGOs) supporting victims of Family and Domestic Violence (Industry Housing Dwellings);
• number of safe rooms installed by Territory Housing for Family and Domestic Violence victims;
• number and nature of modifications made to dwellings (including safe rooms) granted on a priority basis to Family and Domestic Violence victims;
• value ($) of modifications made to dwellings.
Definition of Family and Domestic Violence
The definition of domestic and family violence used is consistent with the Northern Territory’s Domestic and Family Violence Act (2009).
Domestic and family related incidents include all incidents where the nature of the incident is between people in a ‘domestic relationship’, according to the definition in Section 9 of the Act. This definition includes intimate partners (who are married or unmarried, in de facto relationships, boyfriends, girlfriends, gay or straight) and violence between other members of a family, household or community.
Such incidents cover the range of behaviours described in Section 5 of the Act and include: conduct causing harm, for example, sexual or physical assault; damaging property, including the injury or death of an animal; emotional abuse; intimidation; financial deprivation; stalking; economic abuse; social isolation; and spiritual abuse or attempting or threatening to commit the above-mentioned conduct. It also includes child abuse and neglect.
Staff completing and assessing Priority Housing application forms apply the legislative definition of domestic and family violence (linked into the operational manual). By the time the person needs to make an application for Priority Housing, the domestic violence has been established and must be demonstrated in the application process by supporting documentation, e.g., from social worker, hospital, police report.
Aspects of FDV captured by the data are:
• Physical abuse
• Sexual abuse
• Psychological /emotional abuse
• Economic abuse
• Social abuse
• Property damage
• Harassment or stalking
• Child abuse and neglect
Relationship to Conceptual Framework for Family and Domestic Violence (Cat. No. 4529.0)
Conceptual Framework Element / Sub-element
Amount of Information Available
None
Some
Detailed
Context
Environmental Factors
Individual pyscho-social factors
Risk
Community prevalence
Community incidence
Understandings and acknowledgments of risk and safety
Incident
Responses
Informal responses
Formal system responses
Impacts/Outcomes
Programs, Research & Evaluation
Collection methodology
Applicants must apply to be housed on a priority basis by completing an application form that is available from Housing Services Regional Offices. The form can be completed by the applicant or by a Housing Services Officer. Once the form is complete, the information is entered into the Tenancy Management System.
Scope / target population
All persons eligible for priority housing in the Northern Territory.
Coverage
Priority housing data is limited to urban priority housing applicants and does not include tenants already in public housing.
Geographic coverage and disaggregation
Urban areas of Northern Territory.
Data available for:
Northern Territory
Other - Territory Housing’s Administrative Regions may be available subject to confidentiality.
Frequency / Timing
On-going collection.
Ad hoc – external reports are produced on request only
Collection history
Collection commenced: 1991
Breaks in series: no
Other details: Some data items have been added over time. For example, disability (2007); language spoken (2009).
Information captured on application forms in remote areas.
At the current time, information collected on the ‘Reason for applying for Priority Housing’ is not entered into the Tenancy Management System for remote area applications. This information is kept on hardcopy files only so extracting and compiling this information would be a resource intensive and time consuming exercise. There are plans to have this information available in the future.
In addition, information collected in remote areas is not entered into the Tenancy Management System but is managed independently in an interim database. There are plans to bring in remote public housing information into the Tenancy Management System.
Data availability / Dissemination
Data may be available on request.
Other data sources held by this agency
n/a
Has this data source changed?
Contact the ABS to report updates or corrections to the information above.
Previous PageNext Page
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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This article is part of the supplement: IUFRO Tree Biotechnology Conference 2011: From Genomes to Integration and Delivery
Introduction
IUFRO Tree Biotechnology 2011: "From genomes to integration and delivery"
Dario Grattapaglia
• Correspondence: Dario Grattapaglia
Author affiliations
EMBRAPA Genetic Resources and Biotechnology – Estação Parque Biológico, 70770-910, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
Graduate Program in Genomics and Biotechnology - Universidade Catolica de Brasilia - SGAN 916 Modulo B, 70790-160 Brasilia, Brazil
Citation and License
BMC Proceedings 2011, 5(Suppl 7):A1 doi:10.1186/1753-6561-5-S7-A1
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1753-6561/5/S7/A1
Published:13 September 2011
© 2011 Grattapaglia; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Introduction
Forest trees have unquestionably entered the genomic era. The updated version of the Populus genome, the recently released Eucalyptus grandis genome and the concerted efforts towards the generation of genome sequences for spruces (Picea sp.) and pines (Pinus sp.) by several groups worldwide, are fueling a multitude of inter-disciplinary studies and applications in sustainable forest production and conservation. Time now calls for the integration of scientific fields with an increased sense of urgency for delivery of effective biotechnologies.
The IUFRO (International Union of Forestry Research Organizations) Tree Biotechnology biannual conference has established a solid tradition for over 20 years as the official meeting of the IUFRO working group 2.04.06 – Molecular biology of forest trees. This conference has convened scientists and foresters interested in the genetics, genomics, molecular biology and physiology of forest trees, and the application of this knowledge to tree improvement and conservation. The Tree Biotechnology Conference has undoubtedly been the premiere international forum where the most cutting edge research in tree biotechnology developed both in academia and industry is presented. “From genomes to integration and delivery”, this was the theme chosen for the 2011 edition of the IUFRO Tree Biotechnology Conference, first time to be held in South America. Our intention was to promote a more integrated and applied dialogue on tree biotechnology and genomics, beyond the mainstream discussion of the fundamental advances on the genetic mechanisms that underlie tree phenotypes.
In nine scientific sessions some of the current advances of genomics applied to forest conservation, tree physiology, stress response, molecular breeding, in vitro and propagation technologies, wood development and genetically modified (GM) trees were highlighted. With 340 registered participants, the Conference brought to Brazil most of the world’s brain power in forest tree genomics and biotechnology. An outstanding team of international scientists shared their results and visions on the present and future of this fast moving area of forest science, while a brilliant group of young scientist and students delivered a very energetic and diverse collection of high-quality scientific presentations. Forty two countries were represented at the Conference with almost 100 different laboratories from tens of Universities, research institutions and private companies.
During the seven days of the Conference 26 invited lectures, 63 oral and 185 poster presentations were delivered, totaling 274 papers made available as extended abstracts into this BMC Proceedings supplement. The special workshop on the hot topic of “Genomic Selection in tree breeding” and the several reports on whole-genome studies, made this conference edition inaugurate a deliberate effort towards a better integration between the quantitative genomics, the “single-gene” and the system biology approaches to more efficiently unravel the complex relationships between genotypes and phenotypes in forest trees. A field trip to the forest plantations, nurseries and mill of VERACEL Cellulose was a definite highlight and a welcome break from the scientific sessions, providing an overview of some of the advances and challenges facing the translation of research into plantation forestry.
In closing this introductory statement, acknowledgements are due to the outstanding financial support provided by the competitive grants of the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology through the National Research Council (CNPq) and the Ministry of Education through its agency for graduate studies (CAPES). Major support was also provided by EMBRAPA (Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research), and VERACEL Cellulose, the host organizations, together with an exceptional suite of private sponsors. Besides the organizations that backed this conference and an active Scientific Committee involved in abstract review a number of people were involved in the organization and logistics. The conference would not have been possible without the valuable contributions of all these players.
Given the rewarding feedback received after the Conference, the original goal of providing an exceptional mix of science, social activities and field exploration in a relaxed atmosphere was truly accomplished. The IUFRO Tree Biotechnology Conference 2011 made a significant contribution to advance the forest biotechnology research community one step ahead on the challenging task of moving from gene and genome discoveries to the delivery of valuable technologies into sustainable forestry.
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Personal Information
Username: aliciatrinidad
Google Talk: leizlborromeda
User Stats
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Research
Molecular analysis of lipoid proteinosis: identification of a novel nonsense mutation in the ECM1 gene in a Pakistani family
Muhammad Nasir1, Amir Latif2, Muhammad Ajmal1, Reem Qamar3, Muhammad Naeem3* and Abdul Hameed1
Author Affiliations
1 Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering, GPO Box 2891, 24-Mauve Area, G-9⁄1, Islamabad, Pakistan
2 Leprosy Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
3 Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
For all author emails, please log on.
Diagnostic Pathology 2011, 6:69 doi:10.1186/1746-1596-6-69
Published: 26 July 2011
Abstract
Lipoid proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by cutaneous and mucosal lesions and hoarseness appearing in early childhood that is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ECM1 gene located on chromosome 1q21. The aim of the study was to investigate the molecular genetic defect underlying lipoid proteinosis in a consanguineous Pakistani family.
Methods
Genotyping of seven members of the family was performed by amplifying microsatellite markers, tightly linked to the ECM1 gene. To screen for mutations in the ECM1 gene, all of its exons and splice junctions were PCR amplified from genomic DNA and analyzed by SSCP and sequenced directly in an ABI 3130 genetic analyzer.
Results
The results revealed linkage of the LP family to the ECM1 locus. Sequence analysis of the coding exons and splice junctions of the ECM1 gene revealed a novel homozygous mutation (c.616C > T) in exon 6, predicted to replace glutamine with stop codon (p.Q206X) at amino acid position 206.
Conclusions
The finding of a novel mutation in Pakistani family extends the body of evidence that supports the importance of ECM1 gene for the development of lipoid proteinosis.
Keywords:
ECM1; genodermatoses; mutation; Pakistan
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Rate This Article
Average: 3/5
Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project
Oceans and seas:
Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project
This article has been reviewed by the following Topic Editor: C Michael Hogan
The Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project (AOMIP) is an effort designed to identify systematic errors in Arctic Ocean models under realistic forcing. The main goals of the proposed research are to examine the ability of Arctic Ocean models to simulate variability on seasonal to interannual scales, and to both qualitatively and quantatively understand the behaviour of different Arctic Ocean models.
This article is written at a definitional level only. Authors wishing to expand this entry are inivited to expand the present treatment, which additions will be peer reviewed prior to publication of any expansion.
AOMIP’s major objective is to use a suite of sophisticated models to simulate the Arctic Ocean circulation for the periods 1946-1998 and 1899-1998. Forcing will use the observed climatology and the daily atmospheric pressure and air temperature fields. Model results will be contrasted and compared to understand model strengths and weaknesses.
Further Reading
Citation
Steve Baum (Lead Author);Peter Saundry (Contributing Author);C Michael Hogan (Topic Editor) "Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth March 29, 2010; Last revised Date November 27, 2011; Retrieved May 18, 2013 <http://www.eoearth.org/article/Arctic_Ocean_Model_Intercomparison_Project?topic=49523>
The Author
Assistant Research Scientist, Physical Section Department of Oceanography Texas A&M University ... (Full Bio)
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Yorktown Kenedy Texas Family History CenterEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
This article describes the services and resources available at a Family History Center, a branch facility of the Family History Library.
(Add a brief paragraph about your center here and the area it serves. Information in italics below is guidance for you and should be deleted as you fill out the page. Remove italics from other text by selecting the text and clicking the "I" box in the Toolbar above.)
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3. (Link to map using Google or other map sites)
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E-mail:
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Holiday Schedule:
Calendar and Events
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Class Schedule
Staff Training Meetings
Center Resources
Collections
• Family History Library Catalog: This center has the ability to order any of the films and fiche available through the Family History Library Catalog.
• (List additional collections you have such as the types of books and microfilm you have on indefinite loan; though you will not want to list every single item you have. Just give visitors to this page a general idea of your resources.)
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• FHC Portal This center has access to the Family History Center Portal page which gives free access in the center to premium family history software and websites that generally charge for subscriptions. (Note to FHC: Not all FHCs have access to this portal. If you do not, you will want to remove this entire bullet. If you do have access to it, just remove this text in italics.)
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• This page was last modified on 11 April 2013, at 20:19.
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Yuba County, California
From FamilySearch Wiki
(Difference between revisions)
(added two ref with links)
(added museums, library,etc with infor)
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=== Archives and Libraries ===
=== Archives and Libraries ===
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'''Forbestown Museum/Yuba-Feather Historical Association'''
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P.O. Box 54<br>Brownsville, CA 95919 <br>(530) 589-0218
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[http://www.caohwy.com/f/forbestm.htm http://www.caohwy.com/f/forbestm.htm]
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'''Mary Aaron Memorial Museum Association<br>'''704 D Street <br>Marysville, CA 95901 <br>(916) 743-1004 <br>[[Forbestown Museum/Yuba-Feather Historical Association P.O. Box 54|http://www.museumsusa.org/data/]]<br>
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'''Yuba County Library Local History Room''' <br>303 2nd Street <br>Marysville, CA 95901<br>530-749-7386
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[http://www.co.yuba.ca.us/departments/library/ http://www.co.yuba.ca.us/departments/library/]
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<br>
=== Cemeteries ===
=== Cemeteries ===
Revision as of 18:58, 17 January 2011
United States California Yuba County
Contents
County Courthouse
Main Courthouse
Address: 215 Fifth Street, Suite 200
Marysville, CA 95901
Hours: Monday - Friday: 8:30am - 4:30pm
Phone: (530) 749-7600
Courtrooms: Department 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7
Richard A. Schoenig Annex
Address: 120 Fifth Street
Marysville, CA 95901
Hours: Monday - Friday:
8:30am-12:00pm, 1:00pm - 4:30pm
Phone: (530) 749-7685
Courtrooms: Department 6
Quick Facts
Wikipedia has more about this subject: Yuba County, California
Parent County
18 February 1850; Yuba County was created as an original county. County seat: Marysville [1]
Boundary Changes
Record Loss
Places/Localities
Populated Places
Neighboring Counties
Resources
Archives and Libraries
Forbestown Museum/Yuba-Feather Historical Association
P.O. Box 54
Brownsville, CA 95919
(530) 589-0218
http://www.caohwy.com/f/forbestm.htm
Mary Aaron Memorial Museum Association
704 D Street
Marysville, CA 95901
(916) 743-1004
http://www.museumsusa.org/data/
Yuba County Library Local History Room
303 2nd Street
Marysville, CA 95901
530-749-7386
http://www.co.yuba.ca.us/departments/library/
Cemeteries
YubaRoots.com has a database of cemetery listings for Yuba County and surrounding areas.
The Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah has microfilmed the book, Yuba County California Cemeteries by Anita Heston DuVall (1985). The microfiche copy is available in Salt Lake City or in any of its affiliated Family History Centers.
Church History and Records
Court Records
History
History of Yuba County California, by Thompson and West (1879)
Other histories of the area are listed by YubaRoots.com
Land and Property
Maps
Military History and Records
Newspapers
Probate Records
Taxation
Vital Records
For marriages from 1850-1872 see Western States Marriage Index.
Societies, Libraries and Museums
Websites
References
1. The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America,10th ed. (Draper, UT:Everton Publishers, 2002).
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Car Wash
From Grand Theft Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
A Rancher pick-up truck being cleaned in a car wash...
...and a Manana convertible being cleaned manually.
The car wash is a business featuring in many Grand Theft Auto games but functional in Grand Theft Auto IV that lets the player take any passenger car, light truck or SUV to this facility to remove dirt, grime, and the occasional blood.
Contents
Description
Other GTA games
Car washes are found all over the map in previous Grand Theft Auto games, although the player cannot interact with them in any way as they are considered static objects. The player may still drive through the car wash and they also are often attached to a gas station. When accumulated dirt was introduced on vehicles in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, car washes were believed to be featured, but the feature was never included in the final version of the game.
Grand Theft Auto IV
Available immediately after the beginning of the games, car washes are interactive in Grand Theft Auto IV and its episodes, though they are first introduced to the player during the mission Clean Getaway. In most cars and while not wanted by the police, the player can pull up to a marker behind the car wash to trigger a cutscene. In the scene, the player pushes a button on the control panel, opening the entry gate. The player then drives in and stops, allowing several brush strokes and water sprayers to clean up the car. Once the car is shiny, still in the cutscene, the exit gate opens and the player drives out in a view that shows off the new cleanliness of the car. The cutscene ends and the player will assume control and may now drive the car.
Taxis get a discount washing at $3 instead of the usual $5, except the car wash in Tudor. Convertibles are washed by hand. Large trucks and vans such as the Boxville, emergency vehicles, limos, helicopters, motorcycles and boats are restricted from the car wash.
If the player skips the wash sequence cutscene, the vehicle's passenger side door will open, likely a game bug.
Except for the one mission, there appears to be no apparent game-related benefit to using a car wash, other than making a vehicle look nicer for the player's enjoyment.
Locations
GTA Vice City & GTA San Andreas
GTA IV
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Publication Listing
You are not logged in. If you create a free account and sign in, you will be able to customize what is displayed.
Cover art supplied by Visco
Contents (view Concise Listing)
Verification Status
Reference Status
Primary Verified by Rkihara on 2009-12-12 16:44:47
Clute/Nicholls Not Verified
Clute/Grant Not Verified
Contento1 (anth/coll) Not Verified
Locus1 Not Verified
Reginald1 Not Verified
Reginald3 Not Verified
Tuck Not Verified
Miller/Contento Verified by Hauck on 2011-10-23 13:59:49
Bleiler1 (Gernsback) Not Verified
Currey Not Verified
Primary (Transient) Verified by Rkihara on 2009-12-24 11:34:38
Bleiler78 Not Verified
OCLC/Worldcat Not Verified
Primary2 Verified by Hauck on 2011-10-23 13:59:49
Primary3 Verified by Teddybear on 2012-03-26 12:34:22
Primary4 Not Verified
Primary5 Not Verified
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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Bibliography: The Forbidden
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Title: The Forbidden
Author: Clive Barker
Year: 1985
Type: SHORTFICTION
Storylen: novelette
ISFDB Record Number: 40651
User Rating: This title has fewer than 5 votes. VOTE
Current Tags: into-movie (1), horror (1) Add Tags
Variant Titles:
Awards:
Publications:
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
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Entropy 2013, 15(3), 943-959; doi:10.3390/e15030943
Article
Minimum-Information-Entropy-Based Control Performance Assessment
State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 2 December 2012; in revised form: 21 January 2013 / Accepted: 22 February 2013 / Published: 27 February 2013
Download PDF Full-Text [284 KB, uploaded 27 February 2013 12:22 CET]
Abstract: Generally, the controller design should be performed to narrow the shape of the probability density function of the tracking error. A small information entropy value corresponds to a narrow distribution function, which means that the uncertainty of the related random variable is small. In this paper, information entropy is introduced in the field of control performance assessment (CPA). For the unknown time delay case, the minimum information entropy (MIE) benchmark is presented, and a MIE-based performance index is defined. For the known time delay case, a tight upper bound of MIE is derived and adopted as a performance benchmark to assess the stochastic control performance. Based on these, the control performance assessment procedures are developed for both the steady and the transient processes. Simulation tests and an industrial case study of a main steam pressure system of a 1,000MW power unit are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed procedures.
Keywords: MIE-based performance assessment; steady state performance assessment; transient performance assessment; main steam pressure system
Article Statistics
Click here to load and display the download statistics.
Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Meng, Q.-W.; Fang, F.; Liu, J.-Z. Minimum-Information-Entropy-Based Control Performance Assessment. Entropy 2013, 15, 943-959.
AMA Style
Meng Q-W, Fang F, Liu J-Z. Minimum-Information-Entropy-Based Control Performance Assessment. Entropy. 2013; 15(3):943-959.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Meng, Qing-Wei; Fang, Fang; Liu, Ji-Zhen. 2013. "Minimum-Information-Entropy-Based Control Performance Assessment." Entropy 15, no. 3: 943-959.
Entropy EISSN 1099-4300 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert
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Sustainability 2012, 4(9), 2334-2347; doi:10.3390/su4092334
Article
Riparian Forest Restoration: Conflicting Goals, Trade-Offs, and Measures of Success
1 Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus, 6073 S Backus Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA 2 USFS Watershed, Fish, and Wildlife & CSU Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory NRRC, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA 3 Colorado State University, Department of Biology, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 29 June 2012; in revised form: 23 July 2012 / Accepted: 1 September 2012 / Published: 19 September 2012
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Terrestrial Ecosystem Restoration)
Download PDF Full-Text [977 KB, Updated Version, uploaded 21 September 2012 16:02 CEST]
The original version is still available [977 KB, uploaded 19 September 2012 17:16 CEST]
Abstract: Restoration projects can have varying goals, depending on the specific focus, rationale, and aims for restoration. When restoration projects use project-specific goals to define activities and gauge success without considering broader ecological context, determination of project implications and success can be confounding. We used case studies from the Middle Rio Grande (MRG), southwest USA, to demonstrate how restoration outcomes can rank inconsistently when narrowly-based goals are used. Resource managers have chosen MRG for restoration due to impacts to the natural flood regime, reduced native tree recruitment, and establishment of non-native plants. We show restoration “success” ranks differently based upon three goals: increasing biodiversity, increasing specific ecosystem functions, or restoring native communities. We monitored 12 restored and control sites for seven years. Treatments ranked higher in reducing exotic woody populations, and increasing proportions of native plants and groundwater salvage, but generally worse at removing fuels, and increasing species and habitat structural diversity. Managers cannot rely on the term “restoration” to sufficiently describe a project’s aim. Specific desired outcomes must be defined and monitored. Long-term planning should include flexibility to incorporate provisions for adaptive management to refine treatments to avoid unintended ecological consequences.
Keywords: riparian; restoration; ecological services; ecological standards; monitoring; invasive species
Supplementary Files
Article Statistics
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Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Bateman, H.L.; Merritt, D.M.; Johnson, J.B. Riparian Forest Restoration: Conflicting Goals, Trade-Offs, and Measures of Success. Sustainability 2012, 4, 2334-2347.
AMA Style
Bateman HL, Merritt DM, Johnson JB. Riparian Forest Restoration: Conflicting Goals, Trade-Offs, and Measures of Success. Sustainability. 2012; 4(9):2334-2347.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Bateman, Heather L.; Merritt, David M.; Johnson, J. Bradley. 2012. "Riparian Forest Restoration: Conflicting Goals, Trade-Offs, and Measures of Success." Sustainability 4, no. 9: 2334-2347.
Sustainability EISSN 2071-1050 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert
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BME103:T130 Group 5 l2
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 00:56, 27 November 2012 by Alexandria N. Lam (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
BME 103 Fall 2012 Home
People
Lab Write-Up 1
Lab Write-Up 2
Lab Write-Up 3
Course Logistics For Instructors
Photos
Wiki Editing Help
Contents
OUR TEAM
Name: Wade Patrick
Machine Engineer
Name: Liann Klein
Machine Engineer
Name: Haylee Poncy
Protocol Planner
Name: Kyle Labban
Protocol Planner
Name: Alexandria Lam
R&D Scientist
LAB 2 WRITE-UP
Thermal Cycler Engineering
Our re-design is based upon the Open PCR system originally designed by Josh Perfetto and Tito Jankowski.
System Design
Key Features
Instructions
Protocols
Materials
Supplied in the Kit Amount
PCR Machine 1
Extra screws 5
CD containing programming application 1
Operations instruction manual 1
10 ft Extension cord 1
Supplied by the User Amount
Standard sized test tubes 16
DNA Primer Amounts vary per experiment
DNA Samples Amounts vary per experiment
Computer 1
Pipettes 16
Sybr Green Amounts vary per experiment
Refrigerator 1
Power source N/A
PCR Protocol
Create a step-by-step procedure for setting up and running PCR reactions. Your instructions should include everything from adding reagents to the tubes, to programming the PCR machine and running the reaction.
DNA Measurement Protocol 1. Collect samples generated from "PCR Protocol". 2. Using separate pipettes for each individual sample, transfer the 150μL into the larger test tubes containing the proper solution. 3. Using the fluorimeter equiptment, add two drops of each sample, followed by two drops of SYBR green. 4. Close the system down, preventing any light from entering the system, and record a photo to visually measure the presence of a positive or negative result. 5. Using a different pipette, clear the sample from the glass tray, move the tray forward, and repeat with the next sample. 6. Continue until all samples have been measured and photographed.
Research and Development
Bayesian statistics
A=Alzheimer's B=Positive test Result
P(A / B) = P(B / A)P(A) / P(B)
Background on Disease Markers
An SNP related to Alzheimer's disease is rs1466662 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?rs=1466662). It is located on chromosome four, the intron region of NM_001142552.1 and arises from a missense mutation replacing an A with a T. It is the most significant SNP outside of the SNP linked to APOE.
Primer Design
The backwards primer is TAT TTT TAG AAG CGA TAA AA. The forwards primer is GCC TCT TTG CCC TCT GTT TT. An allele not containing the disease will not have the sequence that allows the primers to bind. If the primers cannot bind, then that means Taq polymerase does not know where to bind. If Taq polymerase does not bind, then the sequence does not get replicated.
Illustration
Personal tools
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Endy:Reprints
From OpenWetWare
(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
(Peer Reviewed Research Articles)
(Other Articles, Not Peer Reviewed)
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[[Media:Ind.2008.4.340.pdf | PDF reprint]]
[[Media:Ind.2008.4.340.pdf | PDF reprint]]
-
===Other Articles, Not Peer Reviewed===
+
===Other Articles, edited but not peer reviewed===
+
'''Switches, switches, every where, in any drop we drink'''<br>
+
''Molecular Cell,'' 25 January 2013<br>
+
Jerome Bonnet, [[Drew Endy]]<br>
+
URL pending, PDF reprint pending<br>
+
'''Cribsheet #16: Synthetic Biology'''<br>
'''Cribsheet #16: Synthetic Biology'''<br>
''SEED'' July 2008<br>
''SEED'' July 2008<br>
Revision as of 11:07, 8 January 2013
Home Lab Members Research Notebooks Publications Internal Contact
• Note: We also publish thesis proposals, dissertations, and technical reports via DSpace, an online digital repository operated by the MIT Library.
• Note: PDF reprints are provided below within the context of fair use. Please obtain copies from the publisher if appropriate.
• Note: Search "endy d" via PubGet for a third-party automatically generated set of PubMed-listed publications from the lab.
Contents
Student Dissertations
Barry Canton
Engineering the interface between cellular chassis and synthetic biological systems
MIT PhD, 2008 dissertation (PDF), doi: 1721.1/44918
Jeff Gritton
Architecture and evolutionary stability of yeast signaling pathways
MIT MS, 2006 thesis (PDF), doi: 1721.1/37258
Jason Kelly
Tools and reference standards supporting the engineering and evolution of synthetic biological systems
MIT PhD, 2008 dissertation (PDF), doi: 1721.1/44917
Nicolas Koutsoubelis
Quantitative in silico and in vivo characterization of the recombinase addressable data storage
University of Freiburg Bachelor's thesis (PDF)
Sriram Kosuri
Simulation, models, and refactoring of bacteriophage T7 gene expression
MIT PhD, 2007 dissertation (PDF), doi: 1721.1/39912
Alex Mallet
Analysis of Targeted and Combinatorial Approaches to Phage T7 Genome Generation
MIT MS, 2007 thesis (PDF), doi: 1721.1/35880
Reshma Shetty (co-advisee with Tom Knight
Applying engineering principles to the design and construction of transcriptional devices
MIT PhD, 2008 dissertation (PDF), doi: 1721.1/44921
Francois St-Pierre
Determination of cell fate selection during phage lambda infection
MIT PhD, 2009 dissertation (PDF), doi: pending
Samantha Sutton
Engineering phosphorylation-dependent post-translational protein devices
MIT PhD, 2008 dissertation (PDF), doi: 1721.1/45205
Ty Thompson
Models and analysis of yeast mating response: tools for model building, from documentation to time-dependent stimulation
MIT PhD, 2008 dissertation (PDF), doi: 1721.1/45206
Peer Reviewed Research Articles
A survey of enabling technologies in synthetic biology
submitted
Linda J. Kahl & Drew Endy
Living digital logic via engineered genetic transistors
in review
Jerome Bonnet et al.
Precise and reliable gene expression engineering via active coupling and genetic nesting
Nature Methods, in re-review
Vivek Mutalik et al.
URL pending PDF reprint pending
Composition and quality of irregular genetic elements controlling transcription and translation
Nature Methods, in re-review
Vivek Mutalik et al.
URL pending PDF reprint pending
Design and analysis of genetically encoded counters
Procedia Computer Science, v11 (2012) pp.43-54
Palpoom Subsoontorn and Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
A fully decompressed synthetic bacteriophage øX174 genome assembled and archived in yeast
Virology, published online 15 October 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.09.020
Paul Jaschke, Erica Lieberman, Jon Rodriguez, Adrian Sierra, Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
Engineered cell-cell communication via DNA messaging
Journal of Biological Engineering Sept 2012, 6:16 doi:10.1186/1754-1611-6-16
Monica Ortiz and Drew Endy
URL Final PDF pending
Refactored M13 bacteriophage as a platform for tumor cell imaging and drug delivery
ACS Synthetic Biology, doi:10.1021/sb300052u, August 17, 2012
Debadyuti Ghosh, Aditya Kohli, Felix Moser, Drew Endy, and Angela Belcher
URL PDF reprint
Rewritable digital data storage in live cells via engineered control of recombination directionality
PNAS USA, 21 May 2012, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1202344109
Jerome Bonnet, Pakpoom Subsoontorn and Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
Scaffold number in yeast signaling system sets tradeoff between system output and dynamic range
PNAS USA, 2011 November; doi: 10.1073/pnas.1004042108
Ty Thomson, Kirsten Benjamin, Alan Bush, Tonya Love, David Pincus, Orna Resnekov, Richard Yu, Andrew Gordon, Alejandro Colman-Lerner, Drew Endy, Roger Brent
URL | PDF reprint
Gemini, a bifunctional enzymatic and fluorescent reporter of gene expression
PLoS ONE 4(11): e7569. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007569
Lance Martin, Austin Che, Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
Measuring the activity of BioBrick promoters using an in vivo reference standard
Journal of Biological Engineering, 2009 March 20;3:4
Jason R Kelly, Adam J Rubin, Caroline M Ajo-Franklin, John Cumbers, Michael J. Czar, Kim de Mora, Aaron L Glieberman, Dileep D Monie, Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
Determination of cell fate selection during phage lambda infection
PNAS USA, 2008 December; 105(52), 20705-20710
Francois St-Pierre, Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
Refinement and standardization of synthetic biological parts and devices
Nature Biotechnology, 2008 July; 26(6), 787-93
Barry Canton, Anna Labno, Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint News & Views
Engineering BioBrick vectors from BioBrick parts
Journal of Biological Engineering, 2008 Apr 14;2:5
Reshma Shetty, Drew Endy, Tom Knight
URL
Stimulus design for model selection and validation in cell signaling
PLoS Comput Biol. 2008 Feb 15;4(2):e30
Josh Apgar, Jared Toettcher, Drew Endy, Forest White, Bruce Tidor
URL
TABASCO: A single molecule, base-pair resolved gene expression simulator
BMC Bioinformatics 2007, 8:480
Sriram Kosuri, Jason R Kelly, Drew Endy
URL
DNA synthesis and biological security
Nature Biotechnology June 2007
Hans Bugl, John P Danner, Robert J Molinari, John T Mulligan, Han-Oh Park, Bas Reichert, David A Roth, Ralf Wagner, Bruce Budowle, Robert M Scripp, Jenifer A L Smith, Scott J Steele, George Church & Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
Synthetic genomics: Options for governance
Biosecur Bioterror 2007 Dec;5(4):359-62
Michele Garfinkel, Drew Endy, Gerald Epstein, Robert Friedman
URL (Full Report)
Foundations for engineering biology
Nature 24 November 2005 doi:10.1038/nature04342
Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
Refactoring bacteriophage T7
Nature/EMBO Molecular Systems Biology 13 September 2005 doi:10.1038/msb4100025
Leon Y. Chan, Sriram Kosuri and Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint News & Views October 2004 version
Regulated cell to cell variation in a cell fate decision system
Nature 18 September 2005 doi:10.1038/nature03998
Alejandro Colman-Lerner, Andrew Gordon, Eduard Serra, Tina Chin, Orna Resnekov, Drew Endy, C. Gustavo Pesce and Roger Brent
URL PDF reprint News & Views
Modelling cellular behaviour (insight feature)
Nature 409, 391-395
Drew Endy and Roger Brent
PDF reprint
Computation, prediction, and experimental test of fitness for bacteriophage T7 mutants with permuted genomes
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97, 5375-5380
Drew Endy, Lingchong You, John Yin and Ian Molineux
PDF reprint
Toward antiviral strategies that resist viral escape
Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy 44, 1097-1099
Drew Endy and John Yin
PDF reprint
Intracellular kinetics of a growing virus: A genetically-structured simulation for bacteriophage T7
Biotechnology & Bioengineering 55, 375-389
Drew Endy, Deyu Kong, and John Yin
PDF reprint
Transcribed Lectures
Synthetic biology: Can we make biology easy to engineer? <--note: transcription was not proofed
Industrial Biotechnology' 1 December 2008, 4(4): 340-351
Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
Other Articles, edited but not peer reviewed
Switches, switches, every where, in any drop we drink
Molecular Cell, 25 January 2013
Jerome Bonnet, Drew Endy
URL pending, PDF reprint pending
Cribsheet #16: Synthetic Biology
SEED July 2008
Lee Billings, Drew Endy
Illustrator: Thomas Porostocky
URL PDF reprint
Reconstruction of the genomes
Science 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1196-7
Drew Endy
URL PDF reprint
Building a fab for biology
Scientific American June 2006
David Baker, George Church, Jim Collins, Drew Endy, Joe Jacobson, Jay Keasling, Paul Modrich, Christina Smolke, Ron Weiss
PMID: 16711359
A biological engineer searches for simplicity
Nature 449, 5
Drew Endy
URL
Useful construction
The Scientist January 2006
Drew Endy
URL (login likely req'd.)
URL (login not req'd., as of 24 March 2009)
2003 Synthetic Biology study
US Government October 2003
Drew Endy, Patrick Lincoln, Richard Murray
doi:1721.1/38455
Molecular monogamy
Nature 426, 614-615
Drew Endy and Michael B. Yaffe
PDF reprint
Decoding NF-kB signaling
Science 298, 1189-1190
Alice Y. Ting and Drew Endy
PDF reprint
A standard parts list for biological circuitry
DARPA white paper October 1999
Drew Endy, Adam Arkin
doi:1721.1/29794
Books
Adventures in synthetic biology
Nature 24 November 2005 Cover & Online
Drew Endy, Isadora Deese and Chuck Wadey
PDF, links, and background information
For a reprint, please email isadora AT mit DOT edu
Edited Book Chapters
Synthetic Biology
Bioethics Briefing Book, The Hastings Center, 2008, Chapter 35
Michele Garfinkel, Drew Endy, Gerald Epstein, Robert Friedman
Free Online
Towards a predictive biology: The example of bacteriophage T7
Evolution as Computation, Landweber & Winfree (eds.), DIMACS Workshop, Princeton, 1999, 201-209 (book chapter).
Drew Endy
no e-print currently available (sorry!)
Selected Online Lectures or Debates
Synthetic Biology Debate with Jim Thomas, moderated by Stewart Brand
The Long Now Foundation, 17 November 2008
Cowell Theater, Fort Mason Center, San Francisco
Online w/ transcription via FORA.tv, DVD for purchase via Whole Earth Films
Programming DNA: A 2-bit language for engineering biology
24C3, The 24th Chaos Communication Congress, 27 December 2007
Berliner Congress Center, Berlin
Online via Google video
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Zvartnots airport resumes Armavia flights
PanARMENIAN.Net - Armenia International Airports CJSC (Zvartnots) resumed the servicing of Armavia air company flights October 19, 3:00 pm, the airport’s spokesman said.
“The air company has pledged to reduce the debts to USD 3 mln by the end of the working day,” Gevorg Abrahamyan told a PanARMENIAN.Net reporter, adding that Zvartnots will be forced to halt services to Armavia again, if the latter fails to fulfill the promise.
Armavia conditioned the suspension of Zvartnots airport’s services to the air company by the airport’s disapproval of the new shareholder.
Meanwhile, Zvartnots noted Armavia’s debts as the main reason behind the airport’s decision to halt servicing of the air company flights. The amount of Armavia’s debt exceeded the sum agreed on for over $1 million, bringing the total debt to $3,360 million.
As Armenian media outlets reported earlier, either owner of Zvartnots airport, Argentinean Armenian entrepreneur Eduardo Eurnekian, or Armenian president’s son-in-law Mikael Minasyan planned to purchase Armavia. However, Eurnekian denied the rumors later.
Partner news
Top stories
IFC invested $244 million in 40 projects across a range of sectors, including financial markets, manufacturing, and mining.
Armenian Prime Minister addressed a letter to Public Services Regulatory Commission over the reconsideration of gas prices.
Armenia’s Public Services Regulatory Commission plans to reconsider electricity generation and distribution prices.
Edmon Manukyan been addressed by the residents of Armavir and Aragatsotn provinces whose crops have been damaged over a strong hail.
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Yahoo! Link Command More Accurate Says Tim Mayer
Sep 2, 2005 • 2:21 pm | (4) by | Filed Under Yahoo Search Engine Optimization
And it is all my fault, Tim Mayer said. Basically, I wrote an entry on July 20, 2005 which said that Yahoo!'s link command was funky. Tim said based on that, he had his team make the link command more accurate and report more consistent results. He said, that I was wrong when I reported that Yahoo! Link Count Only Showing Sampling, it is in fact showing a more full account of links, but this time more accurate.
Tim would not get into the details of what is specifically meant about being "more accurate", but we can make some assumptions. One big assumption is that older links that are no longer found are excluded these days from a linkdomain: or link: command at Yahoo! I will go into the threads and let the folks know. Oh, and I am sorry, please do not take this out on me. :)
But you will notice they order the results nicely, example, linkdomain:www.seroundtable.com. The first 10 results are major sites linking to this site.
1. googleblog.blogspot.com 2. www.adstrategist.com 3. www.searchenginelowdown.com 4. www.ysearchblog.com 5. www.searchenginejournal.com 6. www.seroundtable.com 7. blogs.msdn.com/msnsearch 8. www.ysearchblog.com/archives/000069.html 9. blogs.msdn.com/msnsearch/archive/2005/01/18/nofollow_tags.aspx 10. www.cre8pc.com
The list continues and some powerful sites are listed there, maybe in order of linkage power, relevant to this site? :)
Previous story: Cre8asiteForums Opens Discussion on Hurricane Katrina
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Google Picks Up Geographic Target Setting Within Two Months
Jan 28, 2008 • 7:49 am | (3) by | Filed Under Google Search Engine Optimization
Google Webmaster Central launched the ability to set the "geographic target" of a particular site within Google Webmaster Tools back in late October of last year. We have been gleaning hints and tips on if it works and how well it works from the forum threads since.
A recent WebmasterWorld thread reports that it can take up to 6-8 weeks after setting your geographic target for Google to pick up on the change and implement it through to the country specific level.
Here is a quote from the individual who tested this out:
I've domain.com hosted in US for years. (PR6) No connection with UK apart from natural incoming anchor text containing "UK + kw." Domain.com is now ranking highly on "UK-only results" on G.co.uk. Until now, you either needed a .co.uk domain or UK hosting to be listed on "UK-only results". However, the recent country targeting in the Webmaster Tools was set to "UK" about 2 months ago but I didn't spot the SERPs change until now.
Conclusion A: You can now host anywhere with any domain and will appear in Google's "country-only" SERPs within 6-8 weeks.
But at the same time, he found that if you have a .com and a .fr or something else, it can hurt you not to use the select geotarget feature. Why? Because the .com can begin to automatically be set by Google to do well only in the country specific results and then the .fr will be overshadowed by the .com. The only way around that, in these cases, appears to be to set the .com for US and the .fr for France, as an example.
I am personally going to be testing this out with a couple clients soon, so I hope to be able to add my two cents within a few months.
Past articles on the Geographic feature: - Set Geographic Target in Google Webmaster Tools - Setting the Geographic Target in Google May Not Limit You to that Target Area - How Long Does it Take for Google to use Geographic Target Data?
Forum discussion at WebmasterWorld.
Previous story: Google Tells Us, We Need More Local Results
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Person:Alice FitzAlan (3)
Alice FitzAlan, Baroness Cherleton
b.abt 1373-1375 Arundel, Sussex, England
d.bef 13 Oct 1415
Facts and Events
Name Alice FitzAlan, Baroness Cherleton
Alt Name Alice Arundel
Gender Female
Birth[1] abt 1373-1375 Arundel, Sussex, England
Marriage BEF MAR 1389/90 to John of Powys, 4th Baron de Cherleton
Marriage 1401 Westminster,,Middlesex,Englandto Cardinal Henry , de Beaufort
Alt Birth? AFT 1402
Death[2] bef 13 Oct 1415
Alt Death? 11 Apr 1447 Winchester,,,England
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Alice FitzAlan, Lady Cherleton (1378–1415) was an English noblewoman, being the daughter of Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel. She was the wife of John Charleton, 4th Baron Cherleton. She was also allegedly the mistress of Cardinal Henry Beaufort, by whom she had an illegitimate daughter, Jane Beaufort, though there is no real evidence to support this.
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Alice FitzAlan (1378–1415). The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
References
1. Weis, Frederick Lewis; Walter Lee Sheppard; and David Faris. Ancestral roots of certain American colonists, who came to America before 1700: the lineage of Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and some of their descendants. (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Pub. Co., 7th Edition c1992), p. 196 line 234:31, Primary quality.
2. Cokayne, George Edward, and Vicary Gibbs; et al. The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant [2nd ed.]. (London: St. Catherine Press, 1910-59), vol. 14 p. 39 [ARUNDEL], Primary quality.
3. Richardson, Douglas. Plantagenet ancestry : a study in colonial and medieval families. (Baltimore, Maryland: Genealogical Publishing Co Inc, c2004), p. 145 FITZ ALAN:12.i, p. 291 POOLE:8, Primary quality.
4. Alice FitzAlan, in Lundy, Darryl. The Peerage: A genealogical survey of the peerage of Britain as well as the royal families of Europe.
5. Alice FitzAlan (1378–1415), in Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. (Online: Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.).
6. ALICE, in Cawley, Charles. Medieval Lands: A prosopography of medieval European noble and royal families.
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I'm looking for a Customer Relationship Management solution with an easy to use interface.
The simplest way to describe what I'm looking for is through a [very rough!] mockup:
The idea is that the customer will sign-up on a separate site, and give a reference, which will then directly pay the salesman commission. I don't want multiple salesman to revisit the one place, as that leads to bad reputation.
Also, if I have multiple salespeople in one city, I don't want them to go to the same place on the same day, so salespeople need to choose what to add to their queue for the day (or week or month).
So I was thinking a neat CRM geolocation site with queues would be best (with associated PhoneGap built mobile apps).
If there aren't any available, I'd be happy to open-source the whole project, and write it in Django or .NET.
Are there any websites around which offer these above—streamlined—features?
share|improve this question
3 Answers
up vote 1 down vote accepted
+150
AT - if you are looking for an open source solution that is easy to modify and make into your own creation I would suggest you look at Fat Free CRM
It's based or Ruby on Rails and follows all of the RoR conventions so it is pretty easy to jump in there and make adjustments and improvements. It would be ridiculously simple to add the geocoder gem - example of using it.
I have been developing for quite some time and have done both Django and Rails, Ruby and Rails is my go to framework right now for web applications. Custom coding your solution in either would be pretty simple, using something like FatFreeCRM may get you to where you want to be a little faster. I'm definitely a Rails advocate.
share|improve this answer
We have had success with SugarCRM: http://www.sugarcrm.com/crm/ it's PHP based and open source so it's customizable. Since there are about a million CRM products out there and none of them will be exactly what you want out of the box I suggest you download this app and have it customized. If you didn't have the staff in house to customize it I would suggest getting a freelancer to customize this to your specs. That way you get exactly what you want at a very reasonable price since it shouldn't take too many hours to complete this kind of task.
Good luck, Tim - VA
share|improve this answer
The features you're looking for are included in just about every CRM application under the sun (And some ERP solutions as well). I have experience with SugarCRM and Salesforce.com Both are great, and are well worth the expense, though my company currently uses SugarCRM for cost considerations. Salesforce.com and SugarCRM are both highly extensible, so if you have the budget you could hire an expert to do the geolocation things, though honestly it's not really needed if you ask me.
share|improve this answer
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
Short of begging, what is an effective way(s) to get feedback from a lost sale? I'm thinking survey, but is there a more practical way?
share|improve this question
4 Answers
up vote 6 down vote accepted
There's a very nice blog post about getting feedback from lost sales by Jason. In general, it always boils down to these three steps:
1. Get a contact info as soon as you can. Email is often the most convinient.
2. Offer some king of reward for participation. I especially like Jason's Wikipedia support idea.
3. Collect feedback. For in-depth, explorative studies, an unstructured interview is best (but you typically need to do that by telephone or person). If you have some kind of idea about potential problems and just need a hint about the relative importance, a structured interview (a survey) is usually the way to go.
There have been discussion in the Open Source community about collecting feedback more effectively (IdeaStorm, Voting in the issue tracker), but you usually just reach your hardcore customers with these.
Hope this helps.
share|improve this answer
The most effective way is to just ask your lost customer, preferably in person or over the phone, why they are leaving or not buying. Have a script memorized that leads them down the path of the real reason they did not purchase. This can sometimes be an emotional ordeal, so keep your feelings in check and just ask for data. Don't try and convince them they are wrong. Rather just listen to their reasoning. By just listening and gathering data, you will learn a vast amount from a lost customer that is willing to talk.
If you have a purely on-line business, then an exit dialog might get you some feedback but those are not as effective.
share|improve this answer
Many applications open the users browser and direct them to a page which has a very small survey when they perform an uninstall. Many setup/packaging tools provide this option for your applications uninstall. The survey basically asks them why they did not like the software. Keep it very small, or you'll get few responses. If you're not good with online forms, there's many free tools to help you create them.
share|improve this answer
Lost sales (I assume your talking about existing customers who cancel their account), are doing one thing: leaving you. Just offer them a basic textbox to leave their thoughts if they want to, but don't get your hopes up. I can't think of any incentive you can give them (discounts on the competitive product they're switching to? :P)
Better start asking your existing customers what features or improvements would make your product better, and what their biggest incentive would be to switch to a competitor.
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Really low conversion rate, what does it mean?
My startup sells a fairly expensive (2500$~) desktop product, we are new in a well-established market and it's been 2 months that we are selling the product. We do have an evaluation request page ...
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votes
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SaaS for Handling Sales, Demo Requests, Leads, Follow up emails
I know similar questions have already asked but I think we need something slightly different: Capturing user info from our website to the CRM directly via an API Sending welcome, followup emails to ...
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Risks of a website that lets users meet up?
I'm looking into creating a website which would be based on users meeting up (nope, not another dating site!). The obvious worry here is users meeting crazy people and bad things happening. Is there ...
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votes
4answers
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SSL Certificates
For an e-commerce site accepting payment information, I am being told I need to get an SSL Certificate. My hosting provider offers it for $99/year plus $25 initiation. Prices vary greatly -- e.g. ...
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vote
8answers
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New Web App / Website - Authentication
(Not sure if this was a programming or startup question, but I will ask you guys) Authentication on a new website: Should I go with OpenId, or use my own Forms-based authentication. My website is ...
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Website security
Last Saturday my site received an unusually high volume of brute force attacks. Yep, those darn teens from Western Europe or smart scripts from academic towns in Siberia, trying tirelessly to break ...
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5 reputation
2
bio website
location
age
visits member for 1 year, 3 months
seen Aug 30 '12 at 13:20
stats profile views 0
We're a small tech startup in Pasadena, CA. We build tools and games. We emphasize on product management.
Apr
23
comment How to convert a single member LLC into a LLC with multiple members?
Thanks for the direction. Yes, this is very helpful. =)
Feb
1
comment How to tax deduct Home Office in an LLC with multiple members?
Hi Tim, thanks for the response. I definitely will be reaching for an accounting in the end. Your information helps me structure my thoughts before I approach one. Gives me some direction and basis to reduce my total accounting cost. =) Thanks again.
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186 reputation
5
bio website evocatus.com
location Waltham, MA
age 32
visits member for 2 years, 1 month
seen Oct 15 '12 at 23:49
stats profile views 45
I also like Sailing, Fishing, Cigars, Scotch, and horror movies.
Check out my social taste recommendation website. Its a work in progress :)
You can also harass me on twitter: @agentgt Very few people do and even fewer follow me so bother me anytime.
My personal blog http://adamgent.com
6 Votes Cast
all time by type
6 up 2 question
0 down 4 answer
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Vol 8, No 1 (2012)
Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012
Table of Contents
Articles
Income Distribution in the Chinese Economy: Recent Trends and Challenges PDF
Li Tan p3
'Role' and 'Position': Job Expectations and Practices PDF
Viola Yuk Yue Wong p12
Writing Final Year Project Report in English: Problems, Motivating and Hindering Factors among UTeM Final Year Engineering Students PDF
Noor Baiduri Abdul Halim, Nordayana Izyan Ahmad Ahsan, Fudhail Abdul Munir p27
Human Resources Empowerment and Its Role in the Sustainable Tourism PDF
Fateme Tohidy Ardahaey, Hamid Nabilou p33
Development of ‘Power within’ among the Women: A Road to Empowerment PDF
Hedayat Allah Nikkhah, Marof Redzuan, Asnarulkhadi Abu-Samah p39
The Connotation of Work Values: A Preliminary Review PDF
Ying Liu, Yong Lei p47
Investigating Pragmatic Competence: The Case of Requests in Interchange Series PDF
Bahareh Koosha, Hossein Vahid Dastjerdi p54
The Effect of Teenage Pregnancy on Adolescents in Amassoma Community of Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State PDF
Agnes Ebi Maliki p62
How Divergent Were Returns to Education Investments in China? PDF
Jan P Voon, Jan Cham Voon p67
Comparative Analysis of Customer Satisfaction on Islamic and Conventional Banks in Malaysia PDF
Norma Md. Saad p73
Eighteenth Amendment in the Constitution of Pakistan: Success and Controversies PDF
Mahboob Hussain, Rizwan Ullah Kokab p81
Empirical Investigation on the Effects of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer Characteristics on Degree of Inter-Firm Technology Transfer: A Holistic Model PDF
Sazali Abdul Wahab, Raduan Che Rose, Suzana Idayu Wati Osman p89
Educational Issues of Muslim Migrants in Japan PDF
Shiro Ito p104
Impacts of Short Message Service Texting on University Students in Malaysia PDF
Andrew Yau-hau Tse p107
Extra Classes Effectiveness in Smart Secondary School, Johore, Malaysia PDF
Asri Selamat, Ahmad Esa, Berhanuddin Mohd Salleh, Ishak Baba p111
Analysis of Parents, Teachers and Students’ Perception of Teaching Profession in South-West Nigeria PDF
Lawal B. O. p119
Obstacles in Formulating a Code of Ethics for Social Workers in Jordanian Institutions PDF
Fakir M. Al Gharaibeh p125
The Role of Market Orientation and Learning Orientation in Improving Innovativeness and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises PDF
Suliyanto Suliyanto, Rahab Rahab p134
Impacts of Training on Knowledge Dissemination and Application among Academics in Malaysian Institutions of Higher Education PDF
Mohd Taib Dora, Hanipah Hussin, Safiah Sidek p146
Relationship between Parenting Style and Academic Achievement among Iranian Adolescents in Sirjan PDF
Elham Dehyadegary, Siti Nor Yaacob, Rumaya Bte Juhari, Mansor Abu Talib p156
Dividend Announcement and Firm Value: A Test of Semi Strong Form of Efficiency at the Nairobi Stock Exchange PDF
Tobias Olweny p161
The Efficacy of Budgeting as a Control Measure in Developing Economies: A Study from Nigeria PDF
Segun Abogun, Temitope Olamide Fagbemi p176
A Study of the Types of Social Trust and the Elements Influencing It: The Case of the Iranian Northern Town of Sari PDF
Aboalghasem Heidarabadi, Bagher Sarukhani, Akbar Valadbigi p183
The Culture of Election and Democracy in the Taxonomy of Islamic Political Literature in Relation to the Democratic Revolutions in the Middle East and North Africa PDF
Abdi O. Shuriye p194
Care and Protection against Child Abuse: With Special Reference to Malaysia Child Act 2001 PDF
Tengku Fatimah Muliana binti Tengku Muda, Engku Ahmad Zaki bin Engku Alwi p202
Teaching Perspectives of Pre-service Physical Education Teachers in Shanghai: A Pilot Study PDF
Lijuan Wang p209
Enhancing Women Participation in National Development through a Change in the Gender System of Nigeria PDF
Igwesi B. N. p217
Further Glimpse at Intonation Teaching PDF
Luu Trong Tuan p224
U.S.'s Foreign Policy and Nation-State Building in Iraq PDF
Ali Mohamadian p236
Political Priority and Policy Process: A Recent Example from Bangladesh PDF
Golam Rabbani, Harold Sougato Baroi p247
Pragmatic Functions of Fuzzy Language and Its Translation PDF
Hailiang Ning, Kun Wang, Fachun Zhang p253
Issues and Strategies in Promoting Democracy and Good Governance: Nigerian and Malaysian Examples PDF
Abdulkadir M.S, Jayum A A, Zaid A.B p259
A Survey of Teachers’ and Students’ Perception of Sexual Harassment in Tertiary Institutions of Edo State, Nigeria PDF
Justina Imonikhe, Oyaziwo Aluede, Philipa Idogho p268
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Asian Social Science ISSN 1911-2017 (Print) ISSN 1911-2025 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.
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Audit Independence and Expectation Gap: Empirical Evidences from Iran
Mahdi Salehi, Ali Mansoury, Zhila Azary
Abstract
This paper discusses about auditor independence and audit expectation gap. An independent auditor is essential because of the separation of ownership from the management; the independent factor is the foundation of the public accounting profession and upon its maintenance depend the profession’s strength and its stature. Independence is fundamental to the reliability of auditors’ reports. The causes for reducing independence are economic dependence of the auditor on the client; audit market competition; the provision of non-audit services (NAS); the regulatory framework. Due to these causes auditors are not able to produce a fair report. Therefore “auditor independence is a key element of the audit expectation gap”. If auditors are independent it reduces the expectation gap.
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
International Journal of Economics and Finance ISSN 1916-971X (Print) ISSN 1916-9728 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
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Connexions
Sections
You are here: Home » Content » Introduction to Music Theory
About: Introduction to Music Theory
Collection type: Course
Course by: Catherine Schmidt-Jones. E-mail the author
View the content: Introduction to Music Theory
Metadata
Name: Introduction to Music Theory
ID: col10208
Language: English (en)
Summary: This course introduces the basic concepts and terms needed to discuss melody and harmony. It is intended for teens or adults with no background in music theory but some familiarity with reading common notation and playing an instrument (or singing). Concepts covered include interval, major and minor keys and scales, triads and chords.
Collection Subtype: Course
Subject: Arts
Keywords: chords, harmony, interval, key, major key, major scale, minor key, minor scale, music theory, triads
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 1.0
Authors: Catherine Schmidt-Jones (caschmidtjones@gmail.com)
Copyright Holders: Catherine Schmidt-Jones (caschmidtjones@gmail.com)
Maintainers: Catherine Schmidt-Jones (caschmidtjones@gmail.com)
Latest version: 1.5 (history)
First publication date: Mar 24, 2003 3:03 pm US/Central
Last revision to collection: Mar 14, 2005 10:11 am US/Central
Downloads
PDF: col10208_1.5.pdf PDF file, for viewing content offline and printing. Learn more.
EPUB: col10208_1.5.epub Electronic book format file, for viewing on mobile devices. Learn more.
Collection Structure XML: col10208_1.5_collection.xml XML that defines the structure of the collection. Cannot be reimported in the editing interface. Learn more.
Source Export ZIP: col10208_1.5_complete.zip The Collection Structure XML, plus the CNXML and included media files for each module in the collection. Cannot be reimported. Learn more.
Offline ZIP: col10208_1.5_offline.zip An offline HTML copy of the content. Also includes XML, included media files, and other support files. Learn more.
Version History
Version: 1.5 Mar 14, 2005 10:11 am US/Central by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Added ear training, consonance and dissonance, chords beyond triads, and cadence
Version: 1.4 Jan 18, 2005 8:54 am US/Central by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Edited metadata
Version: 1.3 Jan 22, 2004 11:16 am US/Central by (Unknown)
Changes:
Course composer upgrade
Version: 1.2 Dec 11, 2003 3:42 pm US/Central by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Added module "Beginning Harmonic Analysis"
Version: 1.1 Jul 25, 2003 3:46 pm GMT-5 by Brent Hendricks
Changes:
Added modules
How to Reuse and Attribute This Content
If you derive a copy of this content using a Connexions account and publish your version, proper attribution of the original work will be automatically done for you.
If you reuse this work elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license (CC-BY 1.0), you must include
• the authors' names: Catherine Schmidt-Jones
• the title of the work: Introduction to Music Theory
• the Connexions URL where the work can be found: http://cnx.org/content/col10208/1.5/
See the citation section below for examples you can copy.
How to Cite and Attribute This Content
The following citation styles comply with the attribution requirements for the license (CC-BY 1.0) of this work:
American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guide:
Schmidt-Jones, C. Introduction to Music Theory, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/col10208/1.5/, Mar 14, 2005.
American Medical Assocation (AMA) Manual of Style:
Schmidt-Jones C. Introduction to Music Theory [Connexions Web site]. March 14, 2005. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/col10208/1.5/.
American Psychological Assocation (APA) Publication Manual:
Schmidt-Jones, C. (2005, March 14). Introduction to Music Theory. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/col10208/1.5/
Chicago Manual of Style (Bibliography):
Schmidt-Jones, Catherine. "Introduction to Music Theory." Connexions. March 14, 2005. http://cnx.org/content/col10208/1.5/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Note):
Catherine Schmidt-Jones, "Introduction to Music Theory," Connexions, March 14, 2005, http://cnx.org/content/col10208/1.5/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):
Schmidt-Jones, C. 2005. Introduction to Music Theory. Connexions, March 14, 2005. http://cnx.org/content/col10208/1.5/.
Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:
Schmidt-Jones, Catherine. Introduction to Music Theory. Connexions. 14 Mar. 2005 <http://cnx.org/content/col10208/1.5/>.
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Connexions
Sections
You are here: Home » Content » Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System
About: Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System
Module by: Catherine Schmidt-Jones. E-mail the author
View the content: Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System
Metadata
Name: Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System
ID: m10862
Language: English (en)
Summary: Introduces the relationship between frequency, octaves, major, minor, and chromatic scales, and tonal music.
Subject: Arts
Keywords: diatonic, frequency, key, major, minor, music, octaves, tonal
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 3.0
Authors: Catherine Schmidt-Jones (caschmidtjones@gmail.com)
Copyright Holders: Catherine Schmidt-Jones (caschmidtjones@gmail.com)
Maintainers: Catherine Schmidt-Jones (caschmidtjones@gmail.com)
Latest version: 2.24 (history)
First publication date: Sep 24, 2002 12:00 am -0500
Last revision to module: Jan 18, 2013 6:09 am -0600
Downloads
PDF: m10862_2.24.pdf PDF file, for viewing content offline and printing. Learn more.
XML: m10862_2.24.cnxml XML that defines the structure and contents of the module, minus any included media files. Can be reimported in the editing interface. Learn more.
Version History
Version: 2.25 Feb 15, 2013 8:40 pm -0600 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
took down call for research study participants
Version: 2.24 Jan 18, 2013 6:09 am -0600 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
added call for research study participants
Version: 2.23 Oct 1, 2011 7:48 pm -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
link to blog
Version: 2.22 Jul 12, 2011 12:47 pm -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
corrected error in solution 1
Version: 2.21 Mar 11, 2011 10:11 pm -0600 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
removed from survey
Version: 2.20 Apr 13, 2010 6:37 pm -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
linked to survey
Version: 2.19 Dec 30, 2009 7:51 pm -0600 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Added Google analytics code
Version: 2.18 Mar 1, 2007 2:13 pm -0600 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
added outline svg and eps files
Version: 2.17 Aug 25, 2006 2:54 pm -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
minor text changes
Version: 2.16 Jan 31, 2006 2:33 pm -0600 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Small text change
Version: 2.15 Jan 31, 2006 11:56 am -0600 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Made small changes in text, added links.
Version: 2.14 Jan 25, 2006 11:27 am -0600 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Minor text changes. Added links.
Version: 2.13 Jan 21, 2006 4:06 pm -0600 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Updated figures
Version: 2.12 Jun 2, 2005 2:43 pm -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
corrected typo
Version: 2.11 May 17, 2005 8:03 pm -0500 by Charlet Reedstrom
Changes:
update to cnxml-0.5
Version: 2.10 May 13, 2005 9:08 am -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
corrected typo
Version: 2.9 May 18, 2004 10:01 am -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Rewrote "dividing the octave" section
Version: 2.8 Apr 12, 2004 1:34 pm -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
typo
Version: 2.7 Apr 12, 2004 1:31 pm -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
added "A 440" as example of frequency vs. pitch
Version: 2.6 Oct 3, 2003 9:53 am -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Added links
Version: 2.5 Oct 2, 2003 10:13 am -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Added links
Version: 2.4 Jun 26, 2003 12:00 am -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Rewrote opening paragraph
Version: 2.3 Jun 26, 2003 12:00 am -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Shortened final section to exclude some info about scales and tonality that would be better off in a different module.
Version: 2.2 Jun 25, 2003 12:00 am -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
Changed title and keywords, clarified section on diatonic, chromatic, and tonal music.
Version: 2.1 Apr 22, 2003 12:00 am -0500 by Catherine Schmidt-Jones
Changes:
New module
Version: 2.0 Sep 24, 2002 12:00 am -0500 by (Unknown)
Changes:
Added initial template for new module m10862
How to Reuse and Attribute This Content
If you derive a copy of this content using a Connexions account and publish your version, proper attribution of the original work will be automatically done for you.
If you reuse this work elsewhere, in order to comply with the attribution requirements of the license (CC-BY 3.0), you must include
• the authors' names: Catherine Schmidt-Jones
• the title of the work: Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System
• the Connexions URL where the work can be found: http://cnx.org/content/m10862/2.24/
See the citation section below for examples you can copy.
How to Cite and Attribute This Content
The following citation styles comply with the attribution requirements for the license (CC-BY 3.0) of this work:
American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guide:
Schmidt-Jones, C. Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System, Connexions Web site. http://cnx.org/content/m10862/2.24/, Jan 18, 2013.
American Medical Assocation (AMA) Manual of Style:
Schmidt-Jones C. Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System [Connexions Web site]. January 18, 2013. Available at: http://cnx.org/content/m10862/2.24/.
American Psychological Assocation (APA) Publication Manual:
Schmidt-Jones, C. (2013, January 18). Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m10862/2.24/
Chicago Manual of Style (Bibliography):
Schmidt-Jones, Catherine. "Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System." Connexions. January 18, 2013. http://cnx.org/content/m10862/2.24/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Note):
Catherine Schmidt-Jones, "Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System," Connexions, January 18, 2013, http://cnx.org/content/m10862/2.24/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):
Schmidt-Jones, C. 2013. Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System. Connexions, January 18, 2013. http://cnx.org/content/m10862/2.24/.
Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:
Schmidt-Jones, Catherine. Octaves and the Major-Minor Tonal System. Connexions. 18 Jan. 2013 <http://cnx.org/content/m10862/2.24/>.
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Android Architecture
From eLinux.org
Jump to: navigation, search
See Google's What is Android? page for an overview of Android components, and a diagram of the architecture.
The diagram on that page appears in every presentation I have ever seen about Android technical topics (with the exception of my own).
Contents
Architecture Diagram
Here is the Android Architecture Diagram, obtained from here.
See also Android internals diagram
Basically Android has the following layers:
• applications (written in java, executing in Dalvik)
• framework services and libraries (written mostly in java)
• applications and most framework code executes in a virtual machine
• native libraries, daemons and services (written in C or C++)
• the Linux kernel, which includes
• drivers for hardware, networking, file system access and inter-process-communication
Overview presentations
Breakdown of running Android system
A quick look at Android contents and programs running when Android starts is at:
Relation to the Linux kernel
Here is Greg Kroah-Hartmans presentation on Android from the CELF conference 2010, discussing how Google/Android work (or don't work) with the Linux community.
Java
Java is used as a language for application programming, but it is converted into a non-java byte code for runtime interpretation by a custom interpreter (Dalvik).
Java/Object Oriented Philosophy
Practicality is more important than purity in implementing the Android system.
Dianne Hackborn, one of the principal engineers working on Android, wrote:
It's not like I am a C programmer who doesn't like object oriented design. In fact prior to Android my primary language was C++... and honestly, Java really annoys me in the way it introduces so much more overhead to do things that I could express in very nice OO concepts in C++ with a much lighter-weight result.
Though Java has a lot of other nice attributes that make it good for Android, it also has its share of design flaws and misfeatures that mean we can't be totally beautifully OO as you would like.
Finally, going forward, our API conventions were defined in a way that allowed us to ship a well performing system on the hardware we had the time. As the situation changes (and it slowly is, but not enough yet) that could change... however, I will probably lean towards keeping those API conventions in place just for the sake of consistency with everything that currently exists. Of course if Android is successful and in 10 years from now we are designing a whole new next generation Android framework... well, then the world is a different place.
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Talk:Concordia Parish, LouisianaEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
From the Wiki Feature Article Committee:
We have noticed your article, Concordia Parish, Louisiana and would like to encourage you to complete information for all headings. Let us know when you feel ready to have your article featured on the main page of the wiki. We appreciate all you do to help others find their families.
FA Committee
• This page was last modified on 26 July 2012, at 22:07.
• This page has been accessed 65 times.
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Taman Bertam Permai is on Jalan Pulau Gadong; is near Jalan Kg Pulau Gadong; is near Jalan Malim; is near Jalan Cheng; is near Jalan Tun Teja; is near Jalan Cheng Height 1; is near Jalan Taman Asean; is near Jalan Pokok Mangga; Taman Bertam Permai is geographically located at latitude(2.2427 degrees) 2° 14' 33" North of the Equator and longitude (102.2158 degrees) 102° 12' 56" East of the Prime Meridian on the Map of Malacca - Melaka.
The locations related to Taman Bertam Permai are represented by the the shortest path as the crow would fly between any two points and may not be nearest by road. For example, Taman Bertam Permai is located 985 metres from Cheng Height. Taman Bertam Permai is located 1.1 kilometres from SJK Malim. Taman Bertam Permai is located 1.1 kilometres from Tyan Hing Restaurant. Taman Bertam Permai is located 1.1 kilometres from Malim Bridge. Taman Bertam Permai is located 1.1 kilometres from Taman Asean.
Selectstar Hotel 4.8km, Naza Hotel 5.1km, Golden Legacy 5.1km, are places to stay (hotel, service apartment, inn) located near Taman Bertam Permai.
Tesco 4.5km, Malacca KMA Digital Mall 5.4km, Plaza Hang Tuah 5.7km, are places to shop (shopping mall, shop houses) located near Taman Bertam Permai.
Kota Laksamana 5.9km, Cheng Ho Cultural Museum 6.4km, Maritime Museum 6.6km, are places of interest (attraction) located near Taman Bertam Permai.
SJK Malim 1.1km, SJK Bachang 3.1km, Sm China 3.4km, are places of learning (school, college, university) located near Taman Bertam Permai.
Rempah Park 5.6km, Sungei Melaka Peta Lokasi 6.4km, Historic City Memorial Garden 6.8km, are parks, playgrounds, open fields or commons located near Taman Bertam Permai.
Taman Bertam Permai
Cheng Height
SJK Malim
Tyan Hing Restaurant
Malim Bridge
Taman Asean
Esso, J Cheng
BP, J Cheng
Lekok Paper
Mobil, J Cheng
Xepa Soul
Shell, J Malim
Caltex, J Cheng
Police Station J Malim
Malim Jaya
Hawker Center Plaza Pandan
Steamboat
Uob Plaza Pandan
Pasar Malim
Click here to zoom in
Where do you want to go?
Location Information
Latitude °
Longitude °
PlaceName
Category
Taman Bertam Permai
Comboy is about 2.1 km away.
National Panasonic is about 2.1 km away.
Maybank Malim is about 2.1 km away.
Projet, J Malim Jaya is about 2.1 km away.
Cost Plus is about 2.1 km away.
Public Bank Malim is about 2.1 km away.
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Saturday, December 08, 2012
I've Been JTA- Noted
In this JTA backgrounder:
E-1, Olmert and peace: Are Netanyahu’s detractors hypocrites?
Former Israeli prime minister Ehud Olmert has been outspoken in assailing the Netanyahu government's move to begin planning for construction in the so-called E-1 area.
But Olmert's own history with E-1 -- the currently undeveloped area between Jerusalem and the West Bank settlement of Maaleh Adumim -- is drawing similar scrutiny from a strange collection of bedfellows.
From the right, the pro-Netanyahu Israeli daily Israel Hayom noted that in 2006, when Olmert was prime minister, he had said that "it is unthinkable that we would talk about Maaleh Adumim as part of the State of Israel and leave it as an island or isolated enclave. It is absolutely clear that there will be built-up continuity between Jerusalem and Maaleh Adumim." (Settler spokesman Yisrael Medad found a similar collection of Olmert quotes from before he was prime minister calling for Israel to retain control of E-1 and build there.)
and
Olmert is not criticizing Netanyahu for supporting development in E-1 but rather for pressing the issue now, before there is agreement on borders with the Palestinians and while the U.S. strongly opposes such a move (as past U.S. administrations also have). That doesn't seem to be inconsistent with Olmert's criticism of Netanyahu's E-1 move. (Though it is a departure from Olmert's vow shortly before he became prime minister to pursue construction in E-1, a past stance that is noted by Medad.)
I left this comment there:
what is missing from this analysis review is the simple fact that the basis for Olmert's criticism is the assumption that all he calls 'friends' and 'supporters' are indeed so. Rice forced Sharon to yield on the Philadelphi Corridor and Obama backtracked on the Bush Letter Understandings which formed the basis for the Disengagement. So, are they friends? Can they or their policies be trusted as supportive of Israel?
^
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Quotation added by staff
Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
Do what you know and perception is converted into character. Emerson, Ralph Waldo
Excerpt from Ralph Waldo Emerson · This quote is about character · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Emerson, Ralph Waldo ...
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 April 27, 1882) was a famous American essayist and one of America's most influential thinkers and writers.
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
Security represents your sense of worth, your identity, your emotional anchorage, your self-esteem, your basic personal strength or lack of it. Covey, Stephen R.
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212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
Make and then buy your OWN fantastic personalized gift from this quote
Every age has a keyhole to which its eye is pasted. Mccarthy, Mary
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A selection of more great products and gifts!
212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
4183.0 - Cultural Funding, Australia, 1996-97
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 08/09/1998
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Help for : Adobe PDF.
Publications
4183.0 - Cultural Funding, Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Study on Technological Innovation Outsourcing in Scientific and Technological Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Based on Motives
Xiaolin Li
Abstract
For the time being, technological innovation outsourcing has become an important channel for enterprises, especially in scientific and technological small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on characteristics of scientific and technological small and medium-sized enterprises, this article made an analysis in the motives and the existing problems. First of all, the author analyzed the motives in four aspects. Then, the author pointed out problems existing in evaluation and selection of outsourcing business of scientific and technological small and medium-sized enterprises, evaluation and selection of outsourcing partners, control over outsourcing activities and adjustment on outsourcing activities. Findings of this article have enlightenments on improving efficiency of technological innovation outsourcing of scientific and technological small and medium-sized enterprises.
Full Text: PDF
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Asian Social Science ISSN 1911-2017 (Print) ISSN 1911-2025 (Online)
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< Previous
Cool Names For Weblogs Search Requests >
: An Intraspect employee, who I make the unwarranted assumption wants to remain anonymous, writes in with "A slightly edited version of what's going around here..."
In light of industry-wide budget decreases: I.T. RENTS A PC
did you know we used to have the Intraspect VW Bug?: CAR? SPENT IT
Walking by some (nameless) colleagues' cubicles: A SCENT TRIP
on reviving the company: IN A CPR TEST
is this ?: PC NITE TSAR
on <married couples at work>: PART INCEST (oops, I meant "NICEST PART")
our spam problem: SEPTIC RANT
just because I liked these combos: PAST CRETIN, SPIT NECTAR
what you were hoping I wouldn't do when dressed as a Brownie: ENACT, STRIP
<employee>'s new "night club": TITS EN CRAP (sorry, but how could I not use it?)
and, finally, on the state of our sign: IN PARTS, ETC.
[Main] [Edit]
Unless otherwise noted, all content licensed by Leonard Richardson
under a Creative Commons License.
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<D <M <Y
Y> M> D>
: Watching ATK there was an offhand remark that putting butter on your popcorn gives great flavor but makes it soggy. What about clarified butter? That's got all the water boiled off. My cursory web search doesn't see anyone making a clear statement that they tried this and it did or didn't work, so I'm going to try it and make such a statement.
Scot Free: Ebay has dropped the charges.
[Main]
Unless otherwise noted, all content licensed by Leonard Richardson
under a Creative Commons License.
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Georgia, Civil War Service Records of Confederate Soldiers (FamilySearch Historical Records)Edit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
This article describes a collection of historical records available at FamilySearch.org.
Contents
Record Description
This Collection will include records from 1861-1865.
Confederate service records of soldiers who served in organizations from Georgia. The records include abstracts of entries relating to the soldier as found in the following original records:
• Jacket Name
• Soldier's full name
• Year(s) served
• Age (often estimated)
• Military Unit in which served
• Type of records in file
• NARA publication number, title and roll number
For each military unit the service records are arranged alphabetically by the soldier's surname. The Military Unit field may also display the surname range (A-G) as found on the microfilm. This collection is a part of RG 109, War Department Collection of Confederate Records and is National Archive Microfilm Publication M266. Index courtesy of www.fold3.com (previously Footnote.com).
Service records were kept for each Confederate soldier. Those records, or their abstracts, were compiled into individual files. Each envelope/jacket contains information and cross references to original records relating to the soldier.
Citation for This Collection
The following citation refers to the original source of the information for collections published in FamilySearch.org. Source citations include the author, custodian, publisher and archive for the original records.
"Georgia, Civil War Service Records of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1865." Index. FamilySearch. http://FamilySearch.org : accessed 2013. Citing "Compiled Service Records of Confederate Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Georgia." Fold3.com. http://www.fold3.com : n.d.
This collection may include information previously published in the International Genealogical Index or Vital Records Index collections.
Suggested citation format for a record in this collection.
Record Content
The records are in individual files which usually include the following:
• A jacket-envelope for each soldier, labeled with his name, rank, and the unit in which he served
• A card (or cards) with abstracts of entries from original muster rolls, returns, rosters, payrolls, appointment books, hospital registers, Union prison registers and rolls, parole rolls, and inspection reports
• The originals of any papers relating only to the particular soldier
The index to these records contains the following:
• Jacket name
• Soldier’s full name
• Year(s) served
• Estimated age
• Military unit served in
• Type of records in file
• NARA publication number, title, and roll number
How to Use the Record
For a collection that is searchable by name:
Fill in the requested information in the initial search page. This search will return a list of possible matches. Compare the information about the ancestors in the list to what you already know about your ancestors to determine if this is the correct family or person. You may need to compare the information about more than one person to find your ancestor.
Use the locator information found in the index (such as roll number and the unit served in) to locate your ancestors in the service records. Compare the information in the records to what you already know about your ancestors to determine if this is the correct person. You may need to compare the information of more than one person to make this determination. If your ancestor used an alias or a nickname, be sure to check for those alternate names. Keep in mind that even though these indexes are very accurate they may still contain inaccuracies, such as altered spellings, misinterpretations, and optical character recognition errors if the information was scanned.
When you have located your ancestor’s service record, carefully evaluate each piece of information given. These pieces of information may give you new biographical details that can lead you to other records about your ancestors. Add this new information to your records of each family.
For example:
• Use the estimated age to calculate a birth date.
• Use the age and location of the military unit to find the soldier’s family in census, church, and land records.
• Continue to search the index and records to identify children, siblings, parents, and other relatives who may have served in the same unit or a nearby unit.
• When looking for a person who had a common name, look at all the entries for the name before deciding which is correct.
• If you are unable to find the ancestors you are looking for, check for variant spellings of the surnames.
However, keep in mind that even though this index is very accurate it still may contain inaccuracies, such as altered spellings or misinterpretations.
Related Websites
Related Wiki Articles
Contributions to This Article
We welcome user additions to FamilySearch Historical Records wiki articles. Guidelines are available to help you make changes. Thank you for any contributions you may provide. If you would like to get more involved join the WikiProject FamilySearch Records.
Citing FamilySearch Historical Collections
When you copy information from a record, you should also list where you found the information. This will help you or others to find the record again. It is also good to keep track of records where you did not find information, including the names of the people you looked for in the records.
A suggested format for keeping track of records that you have searched is found in the wiki article Help:How to Cite FamilySearch Collections.
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
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• This page was last modified on 27 February 2013, at 22:31.
• This page has been accessed 3,727 times.
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Category:Towns in MassachusettsEdit This Page
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Missing Type Specifier - int assumed(Help?)
Newbie Member
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Not sure what's wrong here, any solution? Kinda new to programming, but I understand it pretty well.
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http://i31.tinypic.com/2uqbynn.png
... Sorry about that... no edit button ><
Go4Expert Founder
2Apr2008,11:10 #4
You will have edit button after 10 posts.
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About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
ISRN Analytical Chemistry
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 219276, 6 pages
doi:10.5402/2012/219276
Research Article
Correlations between SARA Fractions, Density, and RI to Investigate the Stability of Asphaltene
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, P.O. Box 63431, Ahwaz, Iran
Received 24 September 2011; Accepted 24 October 2011
Academic Editors: T. C. Dinadayalane, A. M. Farag, and N. Fujita
Copyright © 2012 Ali Chamkalani. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Asphaltene precipitation is one of the most common problems in both oil recovery and refinery processes. Its deposition causes many problems mainly because of the fuzzy nature of asphaltene and the large number of parameters affecting precipitation. Unfortunately there is not a predictive technique for screening it. Refractive index (RI) was used as a stability test for asphaltene which makes a quantitative judgment for asphaltene stability. In our study, we first represent a novel correlation between SARA fractions and density and then demonstrate the relation between density and RI; second we developed a relation for SARA and RI, by utilizing RI to investigate the stability of asphaltene.
1. Introduction
Asphaltene deposition in oil reservoirs and/or production facilities causes a remarkable reduction of formation productivity/injectivity. Many literatures [13] gave the description of asphaltene problems and remedies throughout the world. Although asphaltene precipitation is a worldwide problem, its main cause has not been completely under stood [4]. The mechanism of asphaltene precipitation is very complex, despite a wealth of research on the topic. Controversy remains as to the nature of solving this problem [5]. According to the field experience [6, 7] and experimental observations [811], asphaltene stability depends on a number of factors, including the composition of the surrounding fluid, pressure, and temperature, in which asphaltene solubility is highly dependent on the composition of the crude, less dependent on the pressure, and hardly dependent on temperature.
2. Asphaltene Deposition Models
Effort has been done to present a universal model for asphaltene deposition. The existing models for asphaltene precipitation fall into three classes: (I) molecular thermodynamic models in which asphaltenes are dissolved in crude oil and crude oil forms a real solution [1215]; (II) colloidal models in which asphaltene is suspended in crude oil and peptized by resins. The asphaltene precipitation is irreversible in such models [1618]. Reversibility experiments are strongly against this type of models; (III) models based on scaling equation in which the properties of complex asphaltenes are not involved [19, 20].
3. Screening Technique for Asphaltene Stability
SARA analysis began with the work of Jewell et al. [21]. The saturate fraction consists of nonpolar material including linear, branched, and cyclic saturated hydrocarbons. Aromatics, which contain one or more aromatic rings, are more polarizable. The remaining two fractions, resins and asphaltenes, have polar substituents. The distinction between the two is that asphaltenes are insoluble in an excess of heptane (or pentane) whereas resins are miscible with heptane (or pentane) [2224]. Resins are structural similar to asphaltenes, but smaller in molecular weight (<1000 g/mole) [24].
The proportions of each of the SARA fractions in a crude oil are related to the stability of asphaltenes in that oil. Resins have a strong tendency to associate with asphaltenes. Such association determines, to a large extent, their solubility in crude oil [25] in which resin molecules react at the addition of the light paraffin components by desorbing from the asphaltenes in an attempt to reestablish thermodynamic equilibrium, thus increasing the probability of asphaltene self-aggregation. Carbognani and Espidel [26] demonstrated that reservoirs with asphaltene problems were not primarily those with large amounts of asphaltene in the oil, but those with high saturate fractions. Leontaritis and Mansoori [17] recommended using the ratio of resins to asphaltenes as an indicator of asphaltene stability, based on the hypothesis that resins confer asphaltene stability by peptizing (or coating) asphaltenes. Fan et al. [27] observed that the proportions of each of the SARA fractions in a crude oil are related to the stability of asphaltenes in that oil. Alkafeef et al. [28] define the stability of a colloid dispersion as its resistance to flocculation, and the degree of “resistance” is used as a measure of the dispersion stability. Alkafeef et al. [29] point out that the destabilization (i.e., flocculation) of colloidal asphaltenes in oil-production flowing systems depends principally on breaking up the balances of attraction forces between the absorbed resin molecules and asphaltenes particles. De Boer and Leeriooyer [30] proposed a plot that can be used as a first screening tool to identify the potential for the oil to exhibit solid formation problems with having initial pressure, bubble point pressure, reservoir fluid density, and plotting pressure difference versus oil density. Jamaluddin et al. [31] proposed a screening criterion, based on the asphaltene weight percent versus resin weight percent. The colloidal instability index (CII) is another screening criterion, suggested by Yen et al. [32] that can be used to identify crude oil systems with deposit problems. The colloidal instability index is expressed as the ratio of the sum of asphaltenes and saturates to the sum of aromatics and resins. An asphaltene stability index was developed by Jamaluddin et al. [31] that utilized oil density at initial reservoir pressure and at bubble point pressure. Vargas et al. [33] developed a general method for modeling asphaltene stability as making relationships and obtaining a curve between the solubility parameters, cohesive energy, pressure, and composition along the bubble point and onset of asphaltene precipitation.
4. Refractive Index
The refractive index (RI) is the degree to which light bends (refraction) when passing through a medium. Values of RI can be measured very accurately and are used to correlate density and other properties of hydrocarbons with high reliability [34]. Information obtained from RI measurements can be applied for various reservoir engineering calculations. The examples are PVT behavior and surface tension of reservoir fluids [34], wetting alterations in reservoirs [35, 36], and asphaltene precipitation [3739]. The refractive index of light crude oils can be directly measured using conventional refractometer [35, 36, 38]. However, direct measurements of the refractive index of many crudes, natural bitumen, and heavy fuels are unattainable since these liquids are too opaque so RI is only measured for fairly dilute solution; in these cases RI is determined for a series of oil/solvent mixtures and the results are extrapolated (in an assumption of a certain mixing rule) to determine the value for the crude oil [35, 37, 40]. It is usually assumed that a solution of a crude oil (bitumen) behaves as an ideal binary mixture of the components [3739].
Solubility and RI have been related by the following formula [39]: where is the solubility; Planck’s constant; the molar volume; hard sphere diameter; absorption frequency in the UV; Avogadro’s number; refractive index.
The solubility parameter mapping of Wiehe [41] shows that asphaltene insolubility is dominated by aromaticity and molecular weight, not by polar or hydrogen bonding interactions. Studies at ambient conditions by Wand et al. [42] have shown that the refractive index at the onset of precipitation (PRI) is an important characteristic of oil/precipitant mixtures.
The aromatic fraction has little or no influence on RIoil, whereas saturates correlate negatively and the resins and asphaltenes are positively correlated with RIoil [27]. Generally speaking, anything that decreases the maltene RI also decreases asphaltene stability. An exception is the effect of increasing temperature, which causes thermal disaggregation even though RI decreases.
The refractive index is expressed as a function of composition and density through the Clausius-Mossotti or Lorenz-Lorentz equation [43, 44] in which the validity of the Lorenz-Lorentz equation to describe the density dependence of RI was investigated by Vedam and Limsuwan [44].
As reported previously [45], addition of aromatic or other hydrocarbon solvents has minimal effect on PRI. The fractions of various components in the mixture vary, concentration of the asphaltene fraction, and ratio of precipitant to solvent all vary, but the RI at the onset of precipitation is constant. In mixtures containing precipitate, do not deviate appreciably from the linear relationship between RI and volume fraction of crude oil in the oil-heptane mixture. Deviations of experimental data from “ideal” values are due to mixture containing precipitate component.
5. Fan et al.’s Method [27]
Fan and his coworkers related the refractive index of oil, , to the SARA fraction by the following empirical equation: where is Saturate, is aromatic, is resin and is asphaltene percent. Fan et al. [27] defined PRI as the refractive index at the onset asphaltene precipitation and proposed that the difference between the refractive index of the oil and PRI can be used as a measure of the asphaltene stability, defined And proposed the following stability criteria:(i)crude oil with are more likely to have stable asphaltenes;(ii)crude oil with are more likely to have asphaltene deposit problems;(iii)crude oil with are in the border region.
6. Model Performance
For evaluation of proposed models, statistical indicators are usually applied to analyze models which are expressed as: Average relative error: Average absolute relative error: Standard deviation: where is the actual value, is the predicted value of , and is the mean of the data values as in the above-presented formula.
7. Results and Discussion
SARA and density data for SARA-density relation are derived from previous works [27, 46]. SARA fractions are plotted in Figure 1, and the relation between SARA fraction and density was derived as follows: where is saturate, is aromatic, is resin, and is asphaltene percent. Related statistical indicators are shown in Table 1 that represents the precision of correlation.
Table 1: Statistical indicators for considering the performance and precision of correlations.
Figure 1: SARA percent weight for different fields.
In this paper, it is also demonstrated that, according to relation between density and API°, whenever API° increases, the RI decreases (Figure 2), then the data for density and RI were plotted versus each other with a confidence limit of 99%, the present experiment shows that this relationship is linear (Figure 3) which with having density RI could be predicted:
Figure 2: As API increases, the refractive index decreases.
Figure 3: The linear relationship between RI and density with confidence limit of 99%.
The related correlation precision indicators are pointed in Table 1. Finally we presented a relation between SARA fraction and RI development and obtained a new correlation which, in addition to demonstrating the negative effect of saturate (Figure 4), shows better precision to obtain more accurate RI than what Fan et al. proposed. The proposed correlation by this paper is
Figure 4: The behavior of RI with change of each fraction of SARA, the negative effect of saturate is apparent.
In Figures 5 and 6, obtained RI from Fan et al. and our correlation have been plotted versus observed RI; their accuracy comparison is presented in Table 1. By using asphaltene stability could be investigated.
Figure 5: The calculated RI with Fan et al.’s correlation versus observed RI.
Figure 6: The calculated RI from proposed correlation versus observed RI.
8. Conclusion
In this paper, we investigate relations between SARA fractions and density, between density and RI, and finally between SARA fractions and RI. As an effort for screening asphaltene deposition is done, the obtained relations show satisfactory results and open new ways to determine RI from density and subsequently diagnosing asphaltene instability for causing problem. Also a comparison between current and previous works for SARA-RI relation has been performed which shows the better accuracy of our model.
Abbreviations
:Solubility parameter
:Absorption frequency in the UV
:Avogadro’s number
:Hard sphere diameter
A:Aromatic
AS:Asphaltene
CII:Colloidal stability index
g/mole:Gram per mole
API°:American Petroleum Institute
:Planck’s constant
:Refractive index
PRI:Refractive index at onset point
:Resin
RI:Refractive index
RIoil:Refractive index of oil
S:Saturate
SARA:Saturate, aromatic, resin, asphaltene
:Molar volume
:Density.
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Bibliography: Stalin's Nightmare: Amor Vincit Omnia
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Title: Stalin's Nightmare: Amor Vincit Omnia
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Water 2010, 2(4), 788-814; doi:10.3390/w2040788
Article
Residential Water Scarcity in Cyprus: Impact of Climate Change and Policy Options
1 Department of Environmental Management, Cyprus University of Technology, P.O. Box 50329, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus 2 Economics Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
Received: 13 September 2010; in revised form: 12 October 2010 / Accepted: 14 October 2010 / Published: 20 October 2010
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Abstract: This paper presents an assessment of the cost of water scarcity in Cyprus, today and in the next 20 years, taking into account the effect of projected climate change in the region. It focuses on the residential sector, accounting also for tourism and industry. Using a simple demand function, total scarcity costs in Cyprus are computed for the period 2010–2030, and three scenarios of future water demand are presented. The central estimate shows that the present value of total costs due to water shortages will amount to 72 million Euros (at 2009 prices), and, if future water demand increases a little faster, these costs may reach 200 million Euros. Using forecasts of regional climate models, costs are found to be about 20% higher in a “climate change” scenario. Compared to the loss of consumer surplus due to water shortages, desalination is found to be a costly solution, even if environmental damage costs from the operation of desalination plants are not accounted for. Finally, dynamic constrained optimization is employed and shows that efficient residential water prices should include a scarcity price of about 40 Eurocents per cubic meter at 2009 prices; this would constitute a 30–100% increase in current prices faced by residential consumers. Reductions in rainfall due to climate change would raise this price by another 2-3 Eurocents. Such a pricing policy would provide a clear long-term signal to consumers and firms and could substantially contribute to a sustainable use of water resources in the island.
Keywords: consumer surplus; desalination; pricing; water shortage
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zachariadis, T. Residential Water Scarcity in Cyprus: Impact of Climate Change and Policy Options. Water 2010, 2, 788-814.
AMA Style
Zachariadis T. Residential Water Scarcity in Cyprus: Impact of Climate Change and Policy Options. Water. 2010; 2(4):788-814.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Zachariadis, Theodoros. 2010. "Residential Water Scarcity in Cyprus: Impact of Climate Change and Policy Options." Water 2, no. 4: 788-814.
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Over $100,000 worth of iPhone 5 devices stolen in Japan
PanARMENIAN.Net - Over $100,000 worth of iPhone 5 devices have been stolen before the official release in Japan. The robberies accrued in the early hours of Friday, Sept 21 morning before the official launch. As of noon, three stores in the city have been robbed, Neowin reports.
Authorities have said that 33 iPhone 5's were missing from one KDDI Corp stores in Ibaraki city. Two hours later 116 devices and a store display were stolen from Softbank Corp in the western district of Osaka city. Police say they were taken from a back room that was locked within a span of four minutes. The footage shows that there were three culprits, all which are likely to be male.
Another store in Ibaraki was also robbed of 42 iPhone 5's, however police say they are uncertain if it's related as they have not yet checked security footage.
The high cost of Apple devices makes them a frequent target of theft and these incidents are likely to make device availability a little more difficult in the area.
The iPhone 5 has seen the most successful launch to date of any iPhone, landing over two million pre-orders in the first 24 hours.
Partner news
Top stories
It’s not the first time Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer has been interested in the New York-based hipster blogging service.
The number of new smartphones delivered with Android jumped to 162.1 million in the first three months in 2013.
“We believe Samsung generates more revenue and profit from the Android platform than Google does,” Neil Mawston said.
The service now also makes it easier for users to add new contacts sent to them by friends, and has support for Simplified Chinese.
Partner news
Employers and job seekers: how to find each other
Arpine Grigoryan։ each job seeker should understand why to apply for this “x” job in this “x” company but not for “y” job in “y” company.
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“Jack the Giant Slayer” new clips, character posters released (video)
PanARMENIAN.Net - A handful of clips and some Russian character posters from director Bryan Singer’s upcoming fantasy adventure epic Jack the Giant Slayer have made their way online, Collider said.
The clips tease more of Singer’s fantastical world, highlighting protagonist Jack’s quest to rescue a kidnapped princess from the titular creatures.
Jack the Giant Slayer starring Nicholas Hoult, Ewan McGregor, and Eleanor Tomlinson, opens in 3D on March 1st.
Partner news
Top stories
The jewels were to be loaned to celebrities who have arrived on the French Riviera town for its famous annual film festival.
The list of the finalists also includes Hungary, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Romania, Norway, Iceland, Finland and others.
Set in the gritty blue-collar neighborhood of God’s Pocket, story follows a man stuck with a debt he can't pay.
"Catching Fire" follows Katniss and fellow Hunger Games victor Peeta as they embark on a "Victor's Tour" throughout 12 districts of Panem.
Partner news
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[32] Therefore when Mary came to where Jesus was, and saw him, she fell down at his feet, saying to him, "Lord, if you would have been here, my brother wouldn't have died."
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
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load focus Greek (Brooke Foss Westcott, Fenton John Anthony Hort, 1885)
load focus Latin (Saint Jerome, Bible Foundation and On-Line Book Initiative)
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Citation URN: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg004.perseus-eng1:11.32
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Monday, 27 October 2008
Nigeria textile industry under threat from China fakes
MANUFACTURERS Association of Nigeria (MAN) and Nigerian Textile Manufacturers Association (NTMA), has raised alarm over the systematic and deliberate destruction of the Nigerian textile industry and economy by unscrupulous Chinese their textile exporters and called on the Federal government to engage the Chinese government over the matter. MAN and NTMA lamented that the most serious problem afflicting the textile industry in Nigeria is the unabated influx of counterfeit textiles from China according to this article in Vanguard (Victor Ahiuma-Young).
Presenting the joint position of MAN and NTMA, Executive Secretary of NTMA, Mr. Paul Olarewaju alleged the counterfeited textile fabrics originate in China and specifically target and copy the trade marks of Nigerian textile manufacturers, ‘Made-in-Nigeria’ or ‘Made-as-Nigeria’ on the selvedge and even blatantly take SON/NIS markings to deliberately mislead consumers. According to Mr. Olarewaju, the markets in Kano, Ibadan, Onitsha and Lagos are flooded with smuggled textiles through nation’s land borders, particularly, Niger Republic which now occupy over 80% market share.
For more on the devastating effect of piracy in Nigeria click here.
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Monday, 6 September 2010
Searching in Africa
While not directly related to intellectual property, Afro-Leo thought this list compiled by Online Africa might be useful to lion readers. Uniquely African search engines includes 26 country-specific websites, 1 regional site and 1 continent wide site.
Each of these sites offer geographically focused searches for websites and internet content. As Online Africa points out, “Google often overlooks smaller (but useful) African sites that have a low Page Rank.” So next time you just can’t find any information on that Botswana law, or you want to see if your client’s idea for a business name is already in use in Mauritius, try the search engines on Online Africa’s list. You might find something Google or Yahoo! might have missed.
Note: Online Access has a low bandwith version available here.
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
How do startups deal with the pressure of competing startups doing similiar, if not exact same, things?
What about when a startup is competing against a similar service offered by existing web services?
share|improve this question
2 Answers
By understand your users better.
My experience: startups don't kill each other. They commit suicide. If you pick the right market size, usually there are enough rooms for few startups.
Don't get too caught up with competitors. Care about the market instead.
share|improve this answer
Specialisation and Differentiation.
To determine what to do you need to analyse your clients desires - why did they pick you over another provider of the same service? What features do you offer that they can't get at another provider?
Being a startup you need to forget about pricing comparisons (if you offer a service for free when others charge for it - that's a very simple reason to switch providers, it only works in the long term if you can maintain the free status). Do a serious analysis of what features people are using that are not available on your competitors site and concentrate on those. Preferably start charging for those features and measure your conversion rate (how many people go from the free service to the paid service - that gives you a good indication of the 'real' value that people place on the features).
At the end of the day you need to make a business decision - if those features are costing you money rather than making you money there is no way you can continue providing them over the long term regardless of how much your clients love them - either reduce the cost of providing those features or increase the price to your client.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I currently have a web site that generates $100K in revenue per year with very little expense - hence most of that revenue is pure profit.
When I'm ready to sell the business, do you think it would be better to have more revenue while still keeping the same amount in profit? For example, should I get the revenue up to $300K per year while still making $100K in profit?
Will that make my business more valuable?
Reason I ask is because I'm pretty sure I can add a lot more revenue through break-even advertising. Basically, I'll spend $200k in advertising to make $200k in revenue.
Will companies pay a lot more solely based on revenue?
share|improve this question
4 Answers
In most case, we will calculate the value of a company based on its assets and profits.
If you generate 90K profit per year (and is increasing each year), and you have 30K of assets, you are sure that you will get at least 400K without much negotiation.
If your website has big potential, you may increase its price a bit.
Increasing the global revenue will certainly help, but the impact is less important than the profits.
share|improve this answer
I have never bought or sold a company, but I would urge common sense. Why would someone spend $200K to make $200K? If you can make $90K profit with $100K of revenues, it sounds like you have done something right. Try to do more of that!
share|improve this answer
Some owners may not want to work directly in the company.
• Work full time, spend 10K and make/keep 90K
• Do no work, Spend 210K and make 300K keep 90K.
share|improve this answer
Costs can always be cut, and scaling up will always help this. If I am an investor and know expertise can be added to a team I'd much rather invest in a low-margin & high-revenue company than that making great margin.
Higher marketing spend will also (generally) capture a larger marketshare or at least mindshare and as such is poised as better future potential.
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
discard
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131 reputation
2
bio website cloudanalyzer.net
location Las Vegas, NV
age 50
visits member for 2 years, 3 months
seen Feb 2 at 17:23
stats profile views 1
I'm a C# developer, working on enterprise reporting and analytics applications.
However, I've started to pick up Objective C and love my Mac.
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Error!
Success!
jHtmlArea 0.6.0 release with Improved Functionality
0
kicks
jHtmlArea 0.6.0 release with Improved Functionality (Unpublished)
jHtmlArea is a simple, light weight, extensible WYSIWYG HTML Editor built on top of jQuery. This component allows you to easily display a WYSIWYG HTML Editor in place of any TextArea DOM Elements on the page. The minified script alone is 8.7kb, and with css and image files it's a total of 22k.
Kicked By:
Drop Kicked By:
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Wikia
SRD:Salve of Slipperiness
Talk0
9,503pages on
this wiki
Revision as of 06:37, August 11, 2009 by Surgo (Talk | contribs)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
This material is published under the OGL
Salve of Slipperiness: This substance provides a +20 competence bonus on all Escape Artist checks, meaning that it is almost impossible to grapple such a character or to tie or chain him up. In addition, such obstructions as webs (magical or otherwise) do not affect an anointed individual. Magic ropes and the like do not avail against this salve. If it is smeared on a floor or on steps, the area should be treated as a long-lasting grease spell. The salve requires 8 hours to wear off normally, or it can be wiped off with an alcohol solution (even wine).
Salve of slipperiness is needed to coat the inside of a container that is meant to hold sovereign glue (see below).
Faint conjuration; CL 6th; Craft Wondrous Item, grease; Price 1,000 gp.
Back to Main PageSystem Reference DocumentMagic Items
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Multi-Core Tech Zone 2013
From eLinux.org
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
ELC2013 Tech Zone Contest
To add a link to your new page use the following wiki link format:
[[My New Page]]
Save this page/section and your new page link will appear in Red. Click it and begin editing your new page.
Welcome to the Networking Tech Zone for ELC 2013!!
This page is dedicated to preserving information and discussions about Linux Networking from the Embedded Linux Conference. You should think of this page like a "scratchpad" to record your thoughts and discussions from the conference. Most of us take notes at an event, at a talk that interests us, or after we learn something new and useful from another attendee. Here's a place to record those notes in public, so that not only you can access them after the event, but everyone else can as well
Discussions
What discussions did people have in the tech zone?
Problems and Issues
What issues do you have with "Multi-Core"?
• One of the major concerns is that now that virtually every new-generation processor is multi-core, how do you plan for transitioning legacy code to make it multi-core capable?
What are some possible solutions?
• An understanding of how the scheduler sees threads is most important. But, it's really developing an understanding of data flow through a program. Protecting the data is key to avoiding race conditions and other nasties.
What's going on in the wider community to address these issues?
• Not a whole lat at this point.
Presentation notes
What presentations at ELC, on the subject of "Networking" did people like? Why?
• Controlling Multi-Core Race Conditions in Linux/Android
Put your notes about the "Networking" presentations from ELC here...
• Code demonstrations used in the session are available via emailing mike@theptrgroup.com
People
Who at ELC is interested in "Multi-Core"?
• Mike Anderson, The PTR Group, Inc.
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