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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
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212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
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A selection of more great products and gifts!
212 - The Extra Degree
The one extra degree makes the difference. This simple analogy reflects the ultimate definition of excellence. Because it's the one extra degree of effort, in business and life, that can separate the good from the great. This powerful book by S.L. Parker and Mac Anderson gives great examples, great quotes and great stories to illustrate the 212° concept. A warning - once you read it, it will be hard to forget. Your company will have a target for everything you do ... 212°
Click here to buy this »
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Super Mario 64/Tick Tock Clock
From StrategyWiki, the video game walkthrough and strategy guide wiki
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• Location: Third floor. After collecting 50 Power Stars, the entrance is in the face of the clock.
• Description: A tall level with swinging pendulums and a long drop.
Tick Tock Clock is the fourteenth course in the game. 50 stars are required to access it. It is possible to alter the speed at which time flows in this level, making some stars easier or harder to get. To change the speed you need to enter when the clock is at different times.
• Stopped: Minute (long) hand at 12 (The :00 mark).
• Slow: Minute hand at 3 (The :15 mark).
• Random: Minute hand at 6 (The :30 mark).
• Fast: Minute hand at 9 (The :45 mark).
Contents
[edit] Star 1: Roll Into The Cage
Super Mario 64 DS
This Star was changed to Luigi in the Cage, and there will be no entrance. You will need to go further in the level to find a ? Block. Get the Power Flower and you will fall through the grated platform. You will then have to enter the cage and collect the Star.
Easiest with time stopped. Proceed up the clock. After a little ways, you will see a star in a cage. Ride the rotating platform into the cage, and get the star.
[edit] Star 2: The Pit And The Pendulums
Super Mario 64 DS
This Star was changed to The Pendulum Switch Star, and you need to step on the Star Switch. This is pretty much the same challenge as the original, just with a time limit stacked on top of it.
Easiest with time stopped. Go a little farther than the first star, and jump past the pendulums to the star.
[edit] Star 3: Get A Hand
Easiest with time fast. Go up to the cage after the three rotating yellow blocks, to where the rotating hand is. Stand on it and let it swing you around to where the star is. Another strategy is to go up to the cage like in the first star, then fall down to the platform below (it's possible to complete the star with the time stopped if you do it this way.)
Alternate: Go the same path you would for star one, time stopped. Before entering the cage, stop on the round piece, the star is directly below. It's tricky, but if you drop down pushing right you can slip on the ledge.
[edit] Star 4: Stomp On The Thwomp
Easiest with time slowed. Go as far up as you can. When you get to Wario's hand, just do a back flip over the mesh wall. You will find that the hand of the clock is in the wrong place, but that's okay. Go to the first block that you stand on (it's yellow). Do a back flip and glide to the yellow treadmill. You will find a Thwomp. Jump onto the Thwomp and jump up to the Star.
[edit] Star 5: Timed Jumps On The Moving Bars
Easiest with time slow. Above star 3, you will see three beams moving in and out of the wall. Climb them to the star.
[edit] Star 6: Stop Time For Red Coins
Easiest with time stopped. Get all 8 red coins. They are on the rotating platforms to the right of the start.
[edit] Star 7: Tick Tock Silver Stars (Nintendo DS)
In this Star, you don't really have to do anything. All the Silver Stars do is rain down! If a Silver Star falls down the center hole before you get it, it will loop all the way back to the top. After collecting the Silver Stars, you will need to go to the pole-jumping area. Ride the platforms over to your Star.
[edit] Star 7: 100 Coins
Easiest with time stopped. It's also a bit easier if you get all the red coins, but you don't absolutely need to. Be sure to get the blue coins in front of star 2. All the rest of the coins are in yellow ! boxes, and just sitting around. However, it requires some talent to reach the top of the clock with the platforms stopped.
Practice your wall jumps. It's the only way to bypass one of the frozen lifts.
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Cernunnos
About Me
• About Cernunnos
Location
Norway
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Win7 / Ubuntu
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N900
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The N900 is a baby with super-powers. It hasn't learned to use all of them yet, but it is learning fast..
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• Join Date: 01-09-2010
All times are GMT -4. The time now is 05:01 AM.
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Help Wikitravel grow by contributing to an article! Learn how.
User talk:AndyCunningham
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Hello Andy Cunningham!
Welcome to Wikitravel. Please take a sec to look at our copyleft and policies and guidelines, but feel free to plunge forward and edit some pages. Scanning the Manual of style, especially the article templates, can give you a good idea of how we like articles formatted. If you need help, check out Wikitravel:Help, and if you need some info not on there, post a message in the travellers' pub.
Thank you for contributing to Bruges and Cuba. I moved your photo gallery link to your User page. -- Huttite 08:02, 14 Jul 2005 (EDT)
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Oshkosh
From Wikitravel
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Oshkosh is in east-central Wisconsin on the shores of Lake Winnebago. Its unusual name has travelled far as the name of "Oshkosh b'gosh" clothing, and as a synonym for EAA Airventure, one of the world's great celebrations of aviation, held at the Wittman Regional Airport here.
[edit] Get in
[edit] By plane
Oshkosh does not have any commercial air service, but Wittman Regional Airport[1] (KOSH) can support any private aircraft that wish to land. If you plan to fly in here during Airventure, you will find yourself among tens of thousands of other aircraft doing the same thing. You absolutely must get the Airventure NOTAM from the Airventure website and follow it carefully.
Regional commercial air service is available in Appleton (ATW) which is 20 minutes north. In some cases it may be worthwhile to use Milwaukee (MKE), 90 minutes south, or Green Bay (GRB), an hour to the north, and come the rest of the way by road.
[edit] By car
Oshkosh is approximately 45 minutes south of Green Bay and 1.5 hours north of Milwaukee. The main north-south route, US 41, is scheduled to become an interstate highway in the near future. The main east-west route into Oshkosh is State highway 21.
[edit] By bus
• Greyhound Bus Lines, 525 W 20th Ave (In front of the terminal at Wittman Regional Airport), +1-(920) 231-6490, [2]. Greyhound offers service into Oshkosh from many cities in the region. The stop at the airport terminal is a couple of kilometers south of downtown. $42 one-way from Chicago (example). edit
[edit] Get around
• Oshkosh Transit System, 110 Pearl Avenue (Transit Center is at Pearl Ave and Market St.), +1-(920) 232-5340 (, fax: +1-(920) 232-5343), [3]. 06:15h - 18:15h, from Monday - Saturday (no service on nights, Sundays, and some holidays). The local bus operates 11 routes out of the Transit Center. Each route has two departures per hour. The web site has a route map. $1.50 (adult). edit
• VALLEY RIDE DIRECT call local +1-(920) 755-0077
• Oshkosh City Cab Co. +1-(920) 235-7000
• Yellow Cab Co. +1-(920) 235-1950
• EAA Shuttle, +1-(920) 232-5340 (, fax: +1-(920) 232-5343), [4]. 06:20-22:40 (during AirVenture only). During AirVenture there is a special shuttle that runs twice per hour from the Transit Center at 110 Pearl Ave, to the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh on Osceola Street opposite Gruenhagen Hall, to the bus drop area near the AirVenture main gate, to the Wittman Regional Airport terminal building, looping back to the Transit Center. The unlimited pass also lets you ride for free on any OTS route during AirVenture. If you are staying at UWosh housing for AirVenture, you can buy the bus pass when you check in. $5/round trip, $20 for an unlimited AirVenture week pass. edit
[edit] AirVenture
The AirVenture grounds stretch for kilometers, literally. You will walk a lot. There are helpful trams that run north and south parallel to the flight line, and stop near many of the main attractions. The AirVenture map lists the routes. Cars aren't allowed on the AirVenture grounds, except by certain staff.
If you can bring a bicycle, it will make travelling around much easier. There is a bike corral about 200m from Theatre in the Woods in the direction of Camp Scholler. However, there aren't other bike corrals. This means that you may not be able to lock your bicycle in other places; you'll need to keep it with you as you explore.
For people who have a hard time walking, electric carts are available for rent from near the main gate.
[edit][add listing] See
Various attractions include:
• Paine Art Center and Arboretum, 1410 Algoma Blvd., +1 920 235-6903 (info@thepaine.org), [5]. Tu-Su 11AM-4PM. The local art museum housed in the former mansion of a lumber baron. Contains alternating exhibits and a collection of local art. $7 Adult, $6 Seniors (65+), $5 Students, $4 Children (Under 5 free), $18 Family.
• EAA AirVenture Museum, [6], Mo-Sa 8:30AM-5:00PM, Su 10:00AM-5:00PM.
• Oshkosh Public Museum, 1331 Algoma Blvd., +1 920 236-5761 (museum_info@ci.oshkosh.wi.us), [7]. Tu-Sa 10AM - 4:30PM, SU 1PM-4PM. A good overview of the history of the town and area from pre-settlement days to the present. Currently the Apostle's Clock is undergoing restoration. $4 Adult, $3 Children (Under 6 free).
• OTS Route 1 (East Loop), 110 Pearl Avenue (Transit Center is at Pearl Ave and Market St.), +1-(920) 232-5340 (, fax: +1-(920) 232-5343), [8]. 06:15h - 18:15h, every 30 minutes, from Monday - Saturday (no service on nights, Sundays, and some holidays). The local bus route 1 (East Loop) follows a scenic route north along the waterfront, and for only 50¢ it's very cheap. $0.50 (adult). edit
[edit] AirVenture
• Air show every day at 15:30h-17h. Features a mix of world-class aerobatic performers, military aircraft demonstrations, and other rare and notable aviation demonstrations. The performers are all volunteers; AirVenture is to airshow performers as Carnegie Hall is to musicians. The schedule of performers is different every day. See the AirVenture Today newspaper for details. Just before the airshow at 14:30h, there is a showcase of various classic aircraft flying by.
• Aeroshell Square, on a direct line from the main gate to the flight line, has an assortment of particularly notable military, historic, or record-making aircraft. For instance, in 2007 AeroShell square was filled by a huge C-5 Galaxy cargo plane, a slender glider which carried Steve Fossett to the world glider altitude record, a B-24 Liberator bomber, and a dozen more. In the past, Concorde and SpaceShip One both were here. Several of the planes allow walk-throughs.
• Warbirds in the north end of the show area. Hundreds of aircraft from the 1930's to the 1970's. P-51's, L-39's, DC-3's, a huge smorgasbord.
• Homebuilt aircraft park just behind the flight line from the control tower south to AeroShell square. This area is also a great place to watch the air show.
• Vintage aircraft, a way to the south of AeroShell Square, feature hundreds of aircraft from the early 1900's through 1970.
• much much more: AirVenture is so large, it's pretty much impossible to see and participate everything there in the week available. Read the schedule, look for what interests you, or just stroll around and make discoveries. But don't fret about what you miss.
• Evening presentations at Theatre in the Woods feature historical or famous aviation figures. In 2007 the list included Chuck Yeager on breaking the sound barrier, a collection of WW II fighter pilots including the top-scoring living ace of all time and famed stick-and-rudder pilot Bob Hoover, and Barrington Irving, the youngest person every to fly solo around the world.
• Fly-in Theatre features a different aviation-themed film each night at 20:30h, projected on giant outdoor screen, located just north of Camp Scholler. Frequently an aviation celebrity introduces the film; in 2007, former astronaut Jim Lovell introduced the film Apollo 13. Film and popcorn both free.
[edit][add listing] Do
• Sawdust Days [9] July 4 and nearest weekend. The annual celebration of Independence Day and the cities logging history. Includes amusement park rides, Native American encampment, fireworks and more.
• Waterfest, [10].
• Art Walk, Downtown (Park across from library or behind True Value Hardware). Monthly display of local artists in a variety of galleries and boutiques. Food and drink offered in most stores. Dirst Saturday of the month 6PM-9PM, Free.
• Festival of Lights, Menominee Park, December. A large assortment of Christmas light displays. Christmas music is broadcast and sleigh rides are offered. Fee, reduced with non-perishable food donation.
• CountryUSA, [11]. Annual Country music festival.
• Lifest, [12]. Annual Christian Rock festival.
[edit] AirVenture
EAA AirVenture [13], last Monday in July through Sunday. Sometimes known simply as "Oshkosh", it is one of the world's great aviation gatherings. A week-long aviation event offering seminars, product demonstrations, aircraft tours and daily airshows. One of the largest airshows in the world. Hundreds of thousands of people drive in, tens of thousands of aircraft fly in. A tent city sprouts under the wings of parked aircraft and beyond. Be on the alert for closed roads all around Wittman airport and Highway 41 during the festival. Hotels can be filled for tens of miles around, but local universities open their dorm rooms, and private homes their spare bedrooms, to the visitor. See the AirVenture and Chamber of Commerce websites for leads on housing. If you plan to fly in to Wittman airport during AirVenture, you must absolutely get the AirVenture NOTAM and follow it carefully.
Volunteering at AirVenture is a great way to experience the event at a whole different level. Flight Line Operations volunteers, clad in fetching orange vests, direct incoming and departing aircraft as they taxi between runway and parking. It's an exciting way to be close to a huge variety of noisy, smelly machines. Protect Our Planes volunteers walk among the planes on display, reminding visitors not to touch and perhaps damage the planes, or smoke near them. It's a way to help the festival while getting a good look at planes you wanted to see anyhow. And there are many other possibilities, too. AirVenture's Volunteering web page[14] lists what you can do and how to register. Or, come to the Volunteer Information Center on the grounds and offer your services.
Forums are a held in a dozen open-walled lecture rooms to the north of AeroShell square. Experts and enthusiasts volunteer to deliver hundreds of talks on every conceivable aviation topic. Frequently the audience contains experts every bit as authoritative as the presenters. The AirVenture Today newspaper contains the full forum schedule for each day.
[edit][add listing] Buy
[edit] AirVenture
• Hangers A, B, C, D are filled with hundreds of vendors offering everything from T-shirts to turbochargers. The major aviation retail vendors and equipment makers tend to be here. There are usually excellent show special prices on the latest and coolest gadgets.
• Fly Market, between AeroShell Square and the Forums area, have small booths with vendors of parts, junk, memorabilia, and dozens of other products. Look for especially good deals in the last day or two of the festival, as vendors try to move merchandise so they don't have to cart it home.
• Aircraft vendors have elaborate booths along the road from the main gate to AeroShell Square, and spilling north and south along the festival area. It's not an exaggeration to say that every significant manufacturer of general aviation aircraft for North America are present here. They may feature their latest, coolest craft which were just announced at AirVenture.
[edit][add listing] Eat
• Jansen's 377 Bowen St., +1 920 231-0690, [15]. Lunch 11:30AM-2PM, Dinner from 5PM. A wide variety of steaks, seafood and sandwiches. Considered by many to be the best tavern food in town. Lunch $5-$10, Dinner $10-$20.
• Papa John's, 150 Wisconsin St (at Campus Place, opposite UW's Scott Hall), +1-(920) 232-7272, [16]. 10:00h - 23:45h. Eat there at a few barren tables, or take out, or have them deliver. You can order from their web site. Within 100m of this restaurant are a dozen other places to eat and drink. Small pizza $5.99-10.99, large pizza $10.50-17.99, soda $1.59, plus tax.. edit
• Kodiak Jack's
• Bangkok
• West End Pizza
• Cranky Pat's
• Mario's
• Vitali's
• Chalice
• Water City Grill
• Brooklyn
• Friar Tuck's, 1651 W South Park Ave, Oshkosh, WI 54902. just outside the north gate of the "North 40" campground at the AirVenture is one of the great casual dining experiences of the area. Wonderful staff, great and generous meals at a very fair price make this a Must Eat restaurant in Oshkosh. edit
• Perkins Restaurant, 2005 W 9th Ave (Corner of 9th & Washburn, Look for the flag), 920-233-6074, [17]. 24. Full Menu Available Daily, Featuring: Hand-Carved Prime Rib, Wisconsin White Cheddar Cheese Curds, a Full Kid’s Menu, Home-Style Entrees, Freshly Baked Goods, & Our Famous Breakfast Served All Day! Free wifi & Open 24hrs edit
[edit] AirVenture
Food courts are scattered at a dozen locations throughout the grounds. They can be broken into the "Brats and Burgers" and "Cafe" groups, each of which have similar menus. Prices are a bit inflated; a full lunch will be $8-10. All vendors operate out of stalls, and you eat on nearby picnic tables.
Vegetarian food and healthy food is hard to find at AirVenture. "Park Cafe", "Warbirds Cafe", and "Classic Cafe" offer a vegetarian wrap which is reasonably tasty at $8, but their "Chef's Salad" sadly has a stratum of ham. Pizza vendors usually have a cheese pizza option: see for example the pizza counters on the northeast corner of Hanger B and the southwest corner of Hanger A.
[edit][add listing] Drink
[edit] AirVenture
There are no bars or nightlife on the AirVenture grounds, except perhaps for private parties at various campsites.
[edit][add listing] Sleep
• Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Oshkosh, 2251 Westowne Ave., (920) 303-1300, [18]. Quaint Oshkosh WI hotel near UW Oshkosh, Prime Outlet Mall and EAA Museum. Free express breakast, high speed internet, indoor pool, whirlpool and fitness center.
• Camp Scholler, [19]. checkin: 07:00h during AirVenture; checkout: 00h-24h during AirVenture. Camp with 40,000 other aviation enthusiasts on a 20'x20' lot. Walk to bathrooms and wi-fi access points. At least one person in the group must be an EAA member. No reservations, but there's always plenty of room in Camp Scholler. $21/night. edit
• Airplane camping, [20]. If you fly in to AirVenture, there is a certain amount of space to park your plane and pitch a tent under your wing. Walk to bathrooms and wi-fi access points. At least one person in the group must be an EAA member. $23/night. edit
[edit] Get out
Routes through Oshkosh
Green BayAppleton N S Fond du LacMilwaukee
• VALLEY RIDE DIRECT call local +1-(920) 755-0077
This article is an outline and needs more content. It has a template, but there is not enough information present. Please plunge forward and help it grow!
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TATA Swach
From Appropedia
Revision as of 03:26, 27 April 2012 by Asabet (Talk | Contributions)
(Difference) ← Older revision | Latest revision (Difference) | Newer revision → (Difference)
Jump to: navigation, search
This Global Health Medical Device is designed for or implemented within resource-limited settings - Browse the devices - Add a device
Health Topic Waterborne diseases
Classification Preventative
Scope Commercialized
Location Asia
Contents
[edit] Problem being addressed
Contaminated water sources are often the cause for diarrheal diseases. Inhabitants in low-resource settings often lack ready access to clean water and are most susceptible to diseases caused by contaminated water.
[edit] Detailed description of the solution
The TATA Swach is a standalone unit that purifies water. The water is poured at the top of the unit and flows through a paddy husk ash filter. The filter using ash as a matrix kills approximately 80% of the bacteria causing diseases. The filter can be used for 3,000 litres (200 days for a family of five) before replacement.
[edit] Manufacturing
• Manufacturer: TATA Chemicals Ltd.
• Manufacturer location: India
[edit] When and where it was tested/implemented
This device was tested and produced in India. The company will produce one million units per year giving India the first opportunity to purchase the product. TATA hopes to export the filter to Africa.
[edit] References
[edit] Externally generated reports
Lavallee, A., & Veach, E. (2010, October 25). Tata Water Purifier Wins the Top Prize for Novel Product. The Wall Street Journal.
Tata Chemicals launches "Tata Swach". (2009, December 7). Retrieved February 12, 2012, from Nanotechnology Now. Link available here.
Tata Chemicals is the 2010 winner of the ICIS Innovation Awards. (2010, October 11). Retrieved February 9, 2012, from ICIS.com Link available here.
Tata Swach Nanotech Water Purifier. (2010, December 7). Retrieved February 9, 2012, from IDSA. Link available here.
Personal tools
Collaborators
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Apps for Lawyers
Posted by GetApp under Resources
From http://www.getapp.com 155 days ago
No longer are attorneys and their employees stuck to a computer and a desk, or forced to run back and forth to the court house to file papers on time.
Subscribe
Herby Fabius @BillionSuccess Puts Business Advice to Work
Herby Fabius is a part-time entrepreneur with a plan for success. The Stamford, Conn. resident and College of … More
Editor's Picks
Shazam! Meet Contributor of the Week Paul Cox...Congrats, Paul!
See if you're one of our Top 10 Members this week!
Add BizSugar buttons and plugins to your small biz toolkit!
Got small business blog posts? Register and submit them today!
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Novel Amphibole Geo-barometer with Application to Mafic Xenoliths
Alexander Simakin, Olga Zakrevskaya, Tamara Salova
Abstract
Amphibole crystallization from hydrous high-magnesium andesite (Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka) melt has been studied experimentally at pressures 2, 3, 5 kbar. Slightly subliquidus temperatures have been selected for amphibole crystallization. Amphiboles with close to the equilibrium composition have been obtained at low undercoolings in short 4 hours experiments. We select octahedral aluminium content and sum of high charged cations (Ti4+, Fe3+) all evaluated with the 13eCNK method as master parameters reflecting pressure of amphibole formation. Asymptotic maximum of AlVI content at the sum Ti+Fe3+ =0 as a function of pressure was calculated following negative linear correlation trend for each run of the original and published experimental data sets. The derived novel AlVI in amphibole barometer is calibrated in the pressure range of 2-12 kbar for andesitic and basaltic magmas. Reliability and validity of the new geobarometer were tested on the amphibolized ultramafic xenoliths from the Shiveluch Volcano (Kamchatka) and Dish Hill (California). In both cases our estimates appear to be equal within the uncertainty of the method to the predictions done by two-pyroxene geo-thermo-barometer (Putirka, 2008).
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.5539/esr.v1n2p82
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Earth Science Research ISSN 1927-0542 (Print) ISSN 1927-0550 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
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Relationship between Level of Compliance with Statement of Accounting Standards and Performance of Nigerian Banks
Yahaya Khadijat Adenola, Abdulraheem Abdulrasheed, Salman Ramat Titi, Etudaiye-Murhtar Fatima Oyebola
Abstract
In Nigeria, the Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS), Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) and the
Central Bank of Nigeria’s directives and regulations provide guidelines to banks in preparation and presentation
of records of financial transactions. In recent time, some Nigerian banks appear to be engaging in
non-standardized and unprofessional practices, which could lead to distress and liquidation. The objective of this
study therefore was to investigate the relationship between level of compliance with Statement of Accounting
Standards and performance of Nigerian banks. Twenty selected banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange
formed the target sample and these were banks whose Annual Financial Reports for the period of study were
fully available. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed in carrying out the study. A
researcher-designed questionnaire was used to obtain data from Senior and Managerial staff of each of the banks.
The instrument was structured to accommodate the sixteen Statements of Accounting Standards which are
related to banks and used in the assessment of banks’ compliance. Five hundred questionnaires were
administered to the Senior and Managerial staff of the selected quoted banks. The Annual Financial Reports of
the selected banks from 2005-2009 (post-consolidation era) were also used. The collected data were analyzed
using CAMEL Ratios, and Pearson correlation analysis. The findings of the study indicated a significant positive
relationship between level of compliance with SAS and banks’ performance. In line with the findings, it was
recommended that the Nigerian Accounting Standards Board (NASB) should ensure effective monitoring of
banks in order to enforce compliance, especially among banks that are performing below standard. The need to
adopt International Accounting Standard practice among Nigerian banks was also emphasized.
Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.5539/ijbm.v7n6p128
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
International Journal of Business and Management ISSN 1833-3850 (Print) ISSN 1833-8119 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
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Vol 6, No 10 (2012)
Modern Applied Science, Vol. 6, No. 10, October 2012
Table of Contents
Articles
Fatigue Behaviour of Steel Bridge Joints Strenghtened with FRP Laminates PDF
Alessio Pipinato, Carlo Pellegrino, Claudio Modena p1
Multi-scale Analysis of Void Closure for Heavy Ingot Hot Forging PDF
xiaoxun zhang, Fang Ma, Kai Ma, Xia Li p15
Ranking Normalization Methods for Improving the Accuracy of SVM Algorithm by DEA Method PDF
Maysam Eftekhary, Peyman Gholami, Saeed Safari, Mohammad Shojaee p26
A Terminological Search Algorithm for Ontology Matching PDF
Ahmad Zaeri, Mohammad Ali Nematbakhsh p37
Analysis and Modelling of Effects of Traffic Light Operations Variability to Violation Rates at Junction PDF
Fabio Galatioto, Tullio Giuffrè, Margaret Carol Bell, Giovanni Tesoriere p53
A Proposed Centrality Measure: The Case of Stocks Traded at Bursa Malaysia PDF
Shamshuritawati Sharif, Maman Abdurachman Djauhari p62
Comparing Performances of Turbo-roundabouts and Double-lane Roundabouts PDF
Orazio Giuffrè, Anna Grana, Sergio Marino p70
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Modern Applied Science ISSN 1913-1844 (Print) ISSN 1913-1852 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
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<D <M <Y
Y> M> D>
(1) Retraction Of Notice Of Intent to Mock: Wikipedia: Salon has an article on Wikipedia, a site that is great even though I've mocked it in the past (I can't find where I mocked it; did a Wiki zealot delete that entry?). The article reminds me I should anti-mock Wikipedia. What can I say? It looks like it works, thanks to the hard-working people who obsessively mantain it. Since I am lazy and want things to work automatically, I tend to discount things that will only work if you make its maintenance your pet project. Thank you, obsessive Wikipedia mantainers.
Even so, I would only care in an academic sense, but sometime in the past Wikipedia surpassed the point where the articles were tedious clean-room implementations of preexisting encyclopedia entries. Now they tell me about interesting things like The Fundamental Theorem of Poker (which inspired me to seek out other fundamental theorems) and what the SysRq key is for.
In celebration of the article and the server-crushing load it will no doubt send Wikipedia's way, I declare today WikiDay on News You Can Bruise. I can think of two other Wiki-related things to write about, which should be good enough for a Day.
(7) Going Out In Midday Sun No Longer Top Indicator: Distributed stereotype ranking self-evaluations for Great Britain. Food and monarchy head the list. Full list nowhere to be seen online, which is a shame as that sort of list would be a good air-clearer for finding out less-appreciated facets of a national psyche.
Unfortunately, WikiDay is on hiatus due to insufficient funding. How will I tell the children that WikiDay has been cancelled? Please, think of the children.
(3) Finger Wikin' Good: Thanks to your PayPal generosity, we were able to raise approximately $0.00 for our WikiDay celebration. This was well short of the expectations I laid out at the beginning of the funding drive, but it turns out that no special funding is required to write weblog entries about Wikis, so the show can continue as planned.
Suppose you want the glory of Wiki contributorship, but you also crave the greater proportional glory that comes from contributing to a Wiki that lacks thousands of contributors. Check out the Wiki Cookbook, the most promising of the WikiBooks. It has few specific recipes, but as with Wikipedia the potential is there to focus our individual obsessions on a single semicanonical web site. Check out, for instance the Caesar salad recipe--they have the original recipe from Caesar's Bar along with a bastardized modern version. Completeness mania strikes again! Huzzah! A global namespace ensures that variants of recipes will be explored within the context of the larger dish rather than stuck somewhere else. I hope.
My only complaint: I can't find any way to get any of the special Wiki pages (random page, recent changes) for a particular book (ie. the cookbook). There's one big dataset of all the changes made to every WikiBook from which these pages take their orders.
: A more tech-oriented entry to close off WikiDay (unless you or I can think of something else). Let's say you really like buzzwords (specifically, the same buzzwords I really like). Well, check out my ex-co-worker Greg Stein (now at Google)'s SubWiki, which combines "Wiki", "Python", and "Subversion" in pleasing ways. Is there any interest, or indeed any conceivable need, for me hosting a Wiki on crummy.com?
PS: If you know of any cool Wikis, post them in comments.
[Main]
Unless otherwise noted, all content licensed by Leonard Richardson
under a Creative Commons License.
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Talk:Worcestershire CensusEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
See parish history for Edvin Loach for explanation of the transfer in 1893 of this detached part of Worcestershire to Herefordshire as part of the civil parish of Edvin Loach and Saltmarshe No records are located in the Family History Library film search currently available Amberley 14:21, 16 January 2012 (UTC)
Broken links
Parishes A-E are broken links due to Herefordshire being entered in the search. In common with other county census pages which have required 75% correction links from this page are broken and should be avoided for inclusion in parish pages. Amberley 06:27, 5 February 2012 (UTC)
Do you know how to fix broken links and if so, would you be willing to help fix these? If you don't know how, would you be willing to learn? Lynda 20:21, 13 February 2012 (UTC)
• This page was last modified on 13 February 2012, at 23:47.
• This page has been accessed 88 times.
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Dare County, North CarolinaEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 02:44, 6 September 2011 by Sandralpond (Talk | contribs)
Dare County, North Carolina
Map
Location in the state of North Carolina
Location of North Carolina in the U.S.
Facts
Founded 1870
County Seat Manteo
Courthouse
Adopt-a-wiki page
This page adopted by:
NCGenWeb Project
who welcome you to contribute.
County Coordinator
Dare Co. NCGenWeb
Adopt a page today
United States North Carolina Dare County
Contents
County Courthouse
History
Parent County
1870--Dare County was created 3 February 1870 from Currituck, Tyrrell, and Hyde Counties.
County seat: Manteo [1]
Neighboring Counties
Resources
African American
• Roanoke Island Freedman's Colony - website dedicated to camp on the island of refugee slaves just after the Civil War. Site includes history, documents, lists of slaves who lived on the island and more.
Bibles
Biographies
Cemeteries
Census
Court
Family Pages
Maps
Military
Miscellaneous
Newspapers
Photographs
Vital Records
Wills & Estates
Societies and Libraries
Dare Co., NC Organizations & Links
Family History Centers
Web Sites
References
1. The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America,10th ed. (Draper, UT:Everton Publishers, 2002).
Need additional research help? Contact our research help specialists.
Need wiki, indexing, or website help? Contact our product teams.
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About this Journal Submit a Manuscript Table of Contents
Case Reports in Emergency Medicine
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 913481, 2 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/913481
Case Report
An Unusual Cause of Vomiting in an Infant of 3 Months of Age
NYMC, Metropolitan Hospital Center, USA
Received 18 January 2012; Accepted 8 February 2012
Academic Editors: C. H. Loh and F. Natale
Copyright © 2012 Kumara Nibhanipudi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
1. D. Debray, D. Pariente, F. Gauthier, A. Myara, and O. Bernard, “Cholelithiasis in infancy: a study of 40 cases,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 385–391, 1993. View at Scopus
2. N. N. Jacir, K. D. Anderson, M. Eichelberger, and P. C. Guzzetta, “Cholelithiasis in infancy: resolution of gallstones in three of four infants,” Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 567–569, 1986.
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Bibliography: A Few Notes on the Culture (The State of the Art)
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Title: A Few Notes on the Culture (The State of the Art)
Author: Iain M. Banks
Year: 2004
Type: ESSAY
ISFDB Record Number: 900879
User Rating: This title has fewer than 5 votes. VOTE
Current Tags: None Add Tags
Publications:
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11(10), 3725-3747; doi:10.3390/ijms11103725
Article
Retro-MoRFs: Identifying Protein Binding Sites by Normal and Reverse Alignment and Intrinsic Disorder Prediction
Bin Xue 1,2,3 , A. Keith Dunker 1,2 and Vladimir N. Uversky 1,2,3,4,*
1 Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 2 Institute for Intrinsically Disordered Protein Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 3 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA 4 Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 3 September 2010; in revised form: 10 September 2010 / Accepted: 15 September 2010 / Published: 29 September 2010
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Recognition)
Download PDF Full-Text [267 KB, uploaded 29 September 2010 10:58 CEST]
Abstract: Many cell functions in all living organisms rely on protein-based molecular recognition involving disorder-to-order transitions upon binding by molecular recognition features (MoRFs). A well accepted computational tool for identifying likely protein-protein interactions is sequence alignment. In this paper, we propose the combination of sequence alignment and disorder prediction as a tool to improve the confidence of identifying MoRF-based protein-protein interactions. The method of reverse sequence alignment is also rationalized here as a novel approach for finding additional interaction regions, leading to the concept of a retro-MoRF, which has the reversed sequence of an identified MoRF. The set of retro-MoRF binding partners likely overlap the partner-sets of the originally identified MoRFs. The high abundance of MoRF-containing intrinsically disordered proteins in nature suggests the possibility that the number of retro-MoRFs could likewise be very high. This hypothesis provides new grounds for exploring the mysteries of protein-protein interaction networks at the genome level.
Keywords: reverse; retro; invert; alignment; intrinsic disorder; PONDR-RIBS
Article Statistics
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Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Xue, B.; Dunker, A.K.; Uversky, V.N. Retro-MoRFs: Identifying Protein Binding Sites by Normal and Reverse Alignment and Intrinsic Disorder Prediction. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11, 3725-3747.
AMA Style
Xue B, Dunker AK, Uversky VN. Retro-MoRFs: Identifying Protein Binding Sites by Normal and Reverse Alignment and Intrinsic Disorder Prediction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2010; 11(10):3725-3747.
Chicago/Turabian Style
Xue, Bin; Dunker, A. Keith; Uversky, Vladimir N. 2010. "Retro-MoRFs: Identifying Protein Binding Sites by Normal and Reverse Alignment and Intrinsic Disorder Prediction." Int. J. Mol. Sci. 11, no. 10: 3725-3747.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. EISSN 1422-0067 Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland RSS E-Mail Table of Contents Alert
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Activity Not Available
Contributors
Analyzed about 2 years ago based on code collected over 3 years ago.
Commits by Top Contributors
Number of Contributors
Newest Contributors
Name Commits First Commit
ldilley 14 over 3 years ago
malign 57 about 6 years ago
Top Contributors
Name Kudos 12 Month Commits All Time Commits 5 Year Trend Primary Language First Commit Last Commit
ldilley 0 14 Java over 3 years ago about 3 years ago
malign 0 57 C++ about 6 years ago about 5 years ago
See All Contributors
Copyright © 2013 Black Duck Software, Inc. and its contributors, Some Rights Reserved. Unless otherwise marked, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License . Ohloh ® and the Ohloh logo are trademarks of Black Duck Software, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
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{
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2020(S09) Lecture:week 1
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 20:56, 31 December 2008 by Nkuldell (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
Contents
Week 1 Tuesday
Challenge: Project Runway
Instructions: Today you will design, build (i.e. fold) and launch a paper airplane. Your goal is to make a plane that flies further than anyones. Working in teams of 3, choose one person to be the designer, one to be the builder, and one to be the launcher. You can talk to each other at all stages but be sure each person does the assigned job and that someone takes notes of your work together (decisions, uncertainties, disagreements, expertise etc). Your team may use the internet if you want. The designer has one dollar to spend and your team must keep track of costs. No refunds will be issued for parts you do not use. In the event of a tie, cost and aesthetics will serve as the tie breaker. Relevant materials cost:
• paper is 30 cents a sheet
• paper clips are 10 cents each
• scotch tape is 5 cents per 1 inch strip
• pennies cost 20 cents each
• a pencil costs 10 cents
• scissors are unavailable
• a test flight before the competition costs 30 cents.
Your team has 20 minutes to design and build a plane for the competition. If you are not ready to launch at this time, you will forfeit.
Why are we doing this??
Once "project runway" has launched and the winning design team has been recognized, we'll work as a class to add more ideas, questions and thoughts to this list.
• from 2008: "this was as an exercise in engineering. We had to solve a given problem with limited time and resources, while working effectively as a team."
• from 2008: "We ended up using my design choice because I am more stubborn. This is not a great success story in terms of teamwork, but it did produce the best plane in the class."
Homework for tomorrow's studio session
Draft a letter. Address this letter to someone(s) you care about. Your letter should introduce and describe a real world problem or opportunity, one that you have inherited, identified, dreamed about, or otherwise encountered, and that you would like to solve or realize. Your letter should explain why you feel the problem or opportunity is important, and what the consequences of success might be. You can focus on more than one issue, but each issue needs to be explained. Please print and bring your letter to the studio tomorrow. Time to complete this letter: 1 hour MAX.
Why are we doing this??
We're looking ahead to the project you and your team will design this term...the first step is for you to decide what you'd like to work on. This letter should start you thinking about your areas of interest. The letter will also be a way to talk with others about things that interest them. Maybe you'll hear an idea you never considered and want to investigate it further. Maybe you'll find someone with very similar concerns.
Week 1 Studio
Part 1: Wednesday matinee
Instructions: Today you will have the opportunity to watch two videos showcasing completed iGEM projects. "iGEM" stands for the "international Genetically Engineered Machines" competition. It is a summer-long opportunity for teams of students working at colleges and universities around the world to design and build genetically engineered machines, many of which use standard biological parts from the Registry of Standard Biological Parts. The videos will orient you to the kinds of accomplishments realized in a summer by teams of undergraduates and their advisers.
Our first feature presentation
Our first featured presentation will emphasize some of the "biology" that's often present in "synthetic biology." As a class we'll watch:
In watching their project we can focus on
sensing
lytic phage
• cell-cell communication, sensing and chemotaxis
• our ppt review of these processes is here
• phage life cycles, DNA transfer mechanisms and "parts"
• our ppt review of these processes is here
Note that this team developed a tremendously useful website that describes both their project, their human practice work and the basic background a person might need to understand the work. If your molecular biology is rusty, you can refresh your memory here
Our second feature presentation
Eau D'coli
Our second featured presentation will emphasize some of the "engineering" that can be accomplished in a summer by a talented group of undergrads much like yourselves. We'll listen to
Their project will allow us to focus on
• programming genetic logic, growth phases of bacterial cultures, ethical questions of human experimentation
• our ppt review of these processes is here
After each presentation
You will have 10 minutes to gather with your fellow moviegoers and discuss what you saw, using these "iGEM review questions" as a guide for your conversations:
1. what was the problem this team chose to address and why?
2. is this an important problem and why or why not?
3. did they succeed in part or in total?
4. are there aspects of the work that are unclear to you?
5. if you could ask this team one question what would it be?
Why are we doing this??
Most of our studio session today was spent considering two projects carried out by undergraduates not unlike yourself. The iGEMers worked in teams (as you will) to figure out what they wanted to build (as you will) and then spent some time in the lab realizing their project (not possible in this class but you could join the iGEM program this summer, as three of the 20.020 students from Spring 2008 did!). Remember that these are just two projects of many and you should feel motivated by them to work this term on a project that's important to you. The projects also highlight a few of the many widgets in the toolbox for biological engineers. You might want to revisit these projects as the details of your project becomes clearer.
Part 2: Dear John
As homework you were asked to draft a letter describing a real world problem or opportunity you have inherited that could be addressed in the near term. You should discuss these letters at your team tables and make some notes about them on the white boards. For example,
• who were they addressed to?
• how many problems/opportunities did each letter address?
• what areas were tackled?
• how many also proposed solutions to these problems?
After we've all discussed the letter, you'll have a chance to hear from the other groups. Be sure to take notes on your letter about any new ideas, clarifications, or thoughts you have from the discussion. You will turn in a revised letter before tomorrow.
Homework for tomorrow's challenge session
1. To solidify the biology and engineering that's associated with the two projects we studied today, please look at the documentation of their project (here for Heidelberg 2008 and here for MIT 2006) and answer the following questions:
• The Heidelberg team built two chimeric receptors to drive chemotaxis in response to AI-2. What successes did they realize? What experiment didn't work? What will they try next?
• The lambda phage built by the Heidelberg team had both a selectable drug marker (CamR) and an origin to enable the phage to transfer via the F pilus (oriT). However the phage wasn't able to lyse either the predator strain it resided in, or the prey strains it infected. Why (you'll have 2 different answers here)?
• We didn't spend a great deal of time in class discussing the Colicin experiments that the Heidelburg team worked out. In your own words, please describe this component of their work: what was their "prey"? what was their "killer"? How did they expect this system to work? Did they build and test this?
• Do you believe, as this team does, that "science communication" is the basis for the formation of public opinion and acceptance of new technologies? Give an example of an effective and an ineffective approach to scientific communication.
When you are finished, please upload your assignment to your "Personal Design Portfolio" in the the homework dropbox., calling your assignment: FirstInitial_LastName_PDP_1.doc, for example: B_Obama_PDP_1.doc
2. You should revise your letter based on any feedback you received from your classmates today. When you are finished, please upload your letter to your "Personal Design Portfolio" in the the homework dropbox., calling your assignment: FirstInitial_LastName_PDP_2.doc, for example: B_Obama_PDP_2.doc
Time to complete this letter revision and answer these questions: 1 hour MAX.
Week 1 Thursday
Challenge: Sexy on the inside 2
1. Watch this video in which Gever Tulley talks about learning by doing.
2. Watch this video of a person taking apart a MacBook Air
3. Working in groups of 4, you will take apart a tape recorder. One person should work the tools, another should record the process (e.g. "began by taking off back panel), another should keep a parts list (e.g. "4 Phillips-screws 3 mm long from back panel"), and the last person should record the purpose of each component (e.g. "Phillips screws held back panel in place). Your team's goal is to disassemble the tape recorder into the greatest number of re-usable parts... note of the word "reusable" since next time we meet, the goal will be to reassemble your tape recorder into a working machine. As you work, you may find it helpful to describe what you think each component does and if it's made of sub-components that can be separated further without forever destroying the component's function.
• "One of the problems of taking things apart and seeing how they work--supposing you're trying to find out how a cat works--you take that cat apart to see how it works, what you've got in your hands is a non-working cat," Douglas Adams
4. If there's time, watch this video showing the inner life of the cell, an understanding largely achieved by scientific "take apart" techniques.
Why are we doing this??
Taking something apart is one way to understand how it works. Having disassembled a simple machine, you should consider what you've gained from the process. What did you learn? What about this challenge resembled science and what did or didn't feel like engineering? Was the tape player build to enable this sort of work? What (else) has the tape player been built for/ optimized for? What are the chances you'll be able to re-assemble this machine next week? Before leaving class today we'll add ideas/questions/thoughts to this list.
• from 2008: by taking the tape player apart, we learned in great detail how it worked.
• from 2008: I think this activity was useful because it showed us that we needed to be really diligent about keeping track of each and everything we did.
Homework for next week's challenge session
1. Read Adventures in SB. Using the problem or opportunity you described in your letter, draft a two chapter script for a comic book using characters from your imagination. In chapter 1, have the characters talk about the problem or opportunity. In chapter 2, have the characters brainstorm a way to solve the issue. Print these out to bring to the 20.020 challenge time next Tuesday. Time to complete this script: 1 hour MAX.
• For an example script, and making a comic background, check this out.
2. Complete survey. Click here to start It should only take ~10 minutes. Please note that this is NOT the same survey that the Project-Based Learning Center might have asked you to complete.
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Amir F Merican
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 03:08, 25 November 2009 by Amir F Merican (Talk | contribs)
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Home Profile Publications Projects Current Students Alumni Contact Photo Gallery
Welcome to the amirmericanLab homepage!
Memories Forever
Copyright © 2009 Amir Feisal Merican, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur. All rights reserved.
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[29] If you are Christ's, then you are Abraham's seed and heirs according to promise.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
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load focus Greek (Brooke Foss Westcott, Fenton John Anthony Hort, 1885)
load focus Latin (Saint Jerome, Bible Foundation and On-Line Book Initiative)
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Citation URN: urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0031.tlg009.perseus-eng1:3.29
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Google AdWords System Maintenace: Tomorrow, September 13
Sep 12, 2008 • 8:38 am | (0) by | Filed Under Google AdWords
Tomorrow, between 10AM and 2PM PDT, Google AdWords will be down for maintenance. During this time, you can't log into your account, but your ads will run normally.
There's nothing special for this maintenance as far as I can gather, but Google reminds us that they run this on the second Saturday of each month, so tomorrow it is.
Forum discussion continues at Google Groups and WebmasterWorld.
Previous story: Who's To Blame? Google or Tribune for United Airlines Stock Drop
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The Research Facility (Part I)
From SmashWiki, the Super Smash Bros. wiki
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Isle of the Ancients
Research Facility
A machine draining Pikachu's electric power.
Universe Super Smash Bros.
Appears in SSBB
Availability Subspace Emissary only
The Research Facility is a stage in the Subspace Emissary of Super Smash Bros. Brawl. This is the stage where Zero Suit Samus is first made playable in the mode. At the beginning of the level, Zero Suit Samus is shown breaking into the Research Facility though a ventilation duct. After destroying a few R.O.B.s (mostly Sentries) she encounters Pikachu, who is being harnessed for its electrical power. She breaks Pikachu out, which sets off many of the numerous alarms on the Isle of the Ancients. R.O.B.s come swarming in and Zero Suit Samus and Pikachu destroy them. After a rather confusing journey through the facility, the stage is finished. Before the player clears the stage, they will see a cutscene of Samus staring at a monitor which displays her Power Suit. Zero Suit Samus and Pikachu will then join the team.
Contents
[edit] Level layout
The first area of the level is very straightforward and very short. The player goes right and find an elevator. Go down to find the orange cube. Go up to continue the level. After the player gains Pikachu, however, the level takes a far more confusing design. The level branches into three paths from a single large room (containing a rotating platform wheel such as those found in the Stage Builder, but two of the paths cannot be traversed until the player traverses another specific path. In the first path, started from the bottom-right corner of the fork-room, the player commands a large platform-like vehicle to move to an area in the next path. In this path, accessed from the far right of the fork-room, the player rides the vehicle from before across a large gap to a switch, which causes large, jagged blocks to fall from the path above. In the final path, accessed from above the rotating wheel in the fork-room (and also featuring an indoor waterfall), the fallen blocks, previously acting as a wall, can now be used as platforms to reach the end of the level, but are strewn with dangerous Quark Mines.
[edit] Playable Characters
[edit] Enemies introduced
[edit] Music
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Personal tools
Ban
From YPPedia
If you're looking for information on bans from the wiki, see YPPedia:Blocking policy.
A ban is a block placed on an account to prevent it from being logged into, typically as a result of violations to the Terms of Service but may be used for other reasons to prevent access to an account. Bans are permanent unless removed by an Ocean Master.
Your account has been suspended.
Login screen for suspended players.
• What does this mean? A suspension is a warning that something you have done in the game is not acceptable, but not to a degree that warrants a full ban. Continuing that action will cause further suspensions or potentially a permanent ban from the game.
• How long is my suspension? The length of your suspension is listed on your game window in the form of "You must wait X days before you may re-enter the game". Times are listed in hours or days and are rounded down. Suspensions end at 12:01am Pirate Time (PST) on the day when they are set to end.
• Why was I suspended? Before returning from your suspension you must agree to a statement, this statement is listed in quotes and will tell you what you did wrong.
• How can I play again? Once the suspension time is up the dialog box will turn white and accept text. Type the statement indicated (making sure it is exact!) and push the "accept" button and you will be able to return to the game and play. Do not log into another account until the suspension on this account has run out.
• How long do suspensions usually last? Typically anywhere from 0 days (you can log in immediately) to 7 days long.
Logon Failed: You have been banned from our games.
Login screen for permanently banned players.
• What does this mean? A ban means that you have been blocked permanently from the game and won't be able to log in.
• Why was I banned? After the message indicating that you have been banned there will be a note from an Oceanmaster indicating why your account was banned. See the Ban Reasons section below for additional information.
• How long is a ban? Bans are permanent, they do not expire.
• How can I play again? If your account was compromised, if the ban note indicates you should contact us or if you believe your account was banned in error, please send a message to "Banned Accounts" using the support form.
If your account was banned for a TOS violation, DO NOT log into the game, this is called "Ban Evasion" and may reduce your chances of successfully appealing a ban on your account.
This computer has been tainted.
Tainted computer attempting to create new accounts.
• What does this mean? A taint means that an account that was accessed from your computer has been banned. A taint prevents you from creating new accounts from your computer but does not affect any other active accounts that you are currently using.
• How long is a taint? Taints are permanent, they do not expire.
• How can I create a new account? If you know what account(s) were previously banned and they belong to you, please see above. If you believe your computer has been incorrectly tainted, please send a petition so the onduty Ocean Master can help you review the situation. If you are unable to log into the game to petition, then use the support form making sure you include:
• A list of all accounts that have been accessed from your computer.
• The name of the account you are trying to log into when you get the taint message.
Ban Reasons
The following gives more information about ban reasons.
• Account Theft: You were either directly responsible for or very closely related to someone who was responsible for stealing an account.
• Ban Evasion: means that we found evidence that you were previously banned on another account. Sometimes that account will be specified in the ban reason.
• Billing: There is a billing problem of some sort which we may need to resolve with you before you can access your account. Please contact our Billing Support through the support form if indicated by the ban message.
• Botting: is the use of a third party program to play the game or perform some sort of automated task. The use of such programs is strictly prohibited. (Example: Using an automated program to bilge)
• Cheating: This includes cheating or misrepresenting your skill at a wagered game, advertising a website with cheats or exploiting a bug for your own profit.
• Compromised: This means that we believe someone has stolen your account and you should contact us through the support form to verify ownership of the account so we can return it to you. We are only able to verify ownership if there has been a purchase made on this account.
• Hacking: is the modification of game files or the use of any sort of software or hardware to gain an advantage in the game.
• Language: Using vulgar, obscene, or offensive language, including racial, sexual, or religious slurs. Misspelling or mis-spacing words to get around the filter will be treated as swearing.
• Scamming: is when someone tries to trick another person into giving away their pieces of eight, doubloons, items or account information.
• Speedhacking: is a specific type of hacking, this is the use of software or hardware aids to increase the speed of play on any puzzle to gain an advantage.
• Theft is when something is taken from another pirate without their permission. Most thefts are the result of pieces of eight or items being taken from a ship, house, stall or shoppe.
How to appeal a ban?
The only way to appeal a ban is if the owner of the banned account requests a review of their case using the Support Form. A petition or complaint will not help in a banning case, nor will getting friends of the player to plead on his or her behalf. It is not appropriate to post in the forum discussing bans.
Historical notes
• Originally, the only type of ban was a permanent ban. Suspensions were added at an unknown date.
• When suspensions were introduced, they tainted the machine much like permanent bans do. This was later removed, but machines with taints on them from suspensions prior to this still have their taints and will need to use the Support Form in the event of an issue.
External links
Puzzle Pirates™ © 2001-2012 Three Rings Design, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms · Privacy · Affiliates
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Tuesday, 13 July 2010
In the jungle..
Given the recent lack of activity on this blog one might be mistaken for believing that Leos hibernate during southern African winters. The truth is that they don't (see here) although they are known to become restful after periods of intense activity. This Leo's excuse is partly due to the WC 2010 vuvuzela vibe that swept through South Africa leaving normal life in its wake, and partly because this post lead to a busy instruction involving the so-called "Bavaria Babes". Who said trade mark law was not fun? This short note is to let you know that life is back to relative normality and more regular postings will commence shortly.
For those interested in the whereabouts of Henry (see here), I am happy to say that his worrisome mum wrote in to say that he returned home safely yesterday. She said that she was grateful for the efforts of the SS in keeping him safe during his WC trip. Henry later clarified that SS was tweetspeak for Soccer Sity...
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I am working on developing a website for our startup organization...
I have been researching possible website hosts that would be good for us.
The hosts which I have ran across which are appealing to me thus far are:
ValueWeb, Doteasy, Google, Godaddy, & Inventive Hosting www.inventivehosting.co.uk
I am leaning towards doteasy and valueweb with valueweb slightly in front due to their prices 6.95 a month and 8.95 for each domain name registered. I like doteasy as well for their prices and seem to have great customer service.
Do these hosting services...always come with email services attached?
Has anyone had good/bad experiences with these hosts? Does anyone have any hosts inparticular that they would recommend - not limited to these hosts?
Also...going deeper into the situation... Does anyone have experience with adding templates to the websites. Is it easy to apply a template to a website or would you all recommend getting a professional to do the website. My thoughts on getting a professional template such as one from meforest would be that I can get a great looking template for 20 or so dollars and then when I get some revenue I can upgrade my site?
I will appreciate any and all input!
Thanks, Tyler
share|improve this question
15 Answers
It sounds like you have a micro-budget to get started, so it's probably pretty important that you focus on core business stuff so you can have a real budget in the future.
Building your own website is pretty time consuming, and you'll go crazy trying to compare the difference between $8.95 a month here and $7.49 a month there.
I've heard very good things about Squarespace in that they have a great engine to build and host your website, all for a reasonable price (in that < $10/mo range)
share|improve this answer
For the most part, the hosts you've listed are all big, volume hosting companies who mainly use low prices to bring in large volumes of customers. They can be fine if you're very experienced and are just looking for disk space and bandwidth, but if you're just getting started you might consider a smaller host that offers more hands-on assistance and can give you more attention as you're starting out. It will cost you a few more dollars each month, but if your website is critical to your startup it can be worth it.
A few that you might want to take a look at are ReadyWire, Eleven2 and ThisWebhost - all are big enough to be stable companies you can rely on but small enough to pay attention to your site and help you with whatever comes up.
share|improve this answer
I use GoDaddy; their 6.95 Linux "deluxe" hosting plan includes one-click installs of most mainstream packages like WordPress, and you can host multiple domains under a single hosting plan.
This obviously won't scale for a production-level SaaS site, but for basic "here we are" blogging and landing page stuff, I have found GoDaddy to be just fine. In fact, I look forward to the day that I have to worry about exceeding their bandwidth, data or other capacity limits.
As for templates, I strongly encourage you to start with WordPress for your initial web presense, because:
1. It takes about 15 minutes to install and get using
2. There are thousands of free templates and very useful plug-ins (like for spam filtering and SEO);
3. There are thousands of inexpensive professional templates (and plug-ins);
4. It lets you establish a professional presence immediately so you can focus on building your startup.
I hope this helps.
share|improve this answer
I use Netsonic for my web host. They have some inexpensive plans, but if you need a fast dedicated server, they're the place to go.
The reason I have stuck with Netsonic for so long is their choice in operating systems. You can run Windows and a variety of *nix flavors out of the box, already set up for you. But the great thing is that you can ask them to pop any LiveCD into your server, and they'll setup SSH and let you do the whole thing yourself.
A few years back, we bootstrapped a Gentoo server right from LiveCD. I would Highly recommend checking them out, their customer service is outstanding.
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I'd recommend WestHost. They've hosted our redcort.com web site and all our e-commerce for our Virtual TimeClock software for 10 years. The pricing is good and their support is first rate.
share|improve this answer
I'm using goDaddy, I like it because it has all services together.
share|improve this answer
You should check out Blue Host www.bluehost.com - they have excellent pricing, an excellent reputation and outstanding support. My second choice would be GoDaddy (excellent support).
Best of luck! Karen
share|improve this answer
+1 for bluehost.com. Many of these hosting service providers come with Cpanel to manage your site. If you are planning on setting up a marketing site for your business you can create put a great site with WordPress Blog as simple CMS + WuFoo for Lead management. Yes, you would get email, plenty of space, bandwidth, MySql database for under $10/mo. Also, you could host or add other domains.
share|improve this answer
If you need a VPS for multiple sites (or one site with lots of space), I can't recommend Wiredtree.com enough. They're expensive, but worth every penny. Every support ticket has been answered in under 20 minutes, and they'll help with lots of customization for your account. I've actually sent cupcakes to their support dept for helping me migrate a huge site that required lots of tweaking. They held my hand every step of the way.
share|improve this answer
http://www.linode.com/
These are the fastest servers possible... read about it in a test verse other companies. This is the company I use
share|improve this answer
I would recommend WebFaction. It's quite popular in the django community.
share|improve this answer
I use HostGator.com
Their prices are reasonable, their support is very good and you can call their support people for FREE 24x7.
• Tim
share|improve this answer
All of the above recommendations are good, I specially like the one about Squarespace and Wordpress.com (hosted) because they allow you to get something up and running in a day, later once you start getting some tracking you can move your site/blog to another hosting provider that will offer you greater capacity and storage.
In this same category, there is also Weebly and SnapPages, just like Squarespace, it allows you to create a very professional looking site, their website creation tools are easy to use and the also host your site for free or $8.00 per month if you want more features, check it out.
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Use Bluehost. I have been using them for years and they are awesome. When you have a problem (which always happens, you just don't know when), you can call them and they will solve it.
Avoid GoDaddy. I used them for a long time, until I had a problem. They were totally useless and blamed me for their problems.
share|improve this answer
http://www.myhosting.com at $9 you get free domain, hosting and i believe up to 20 emails too. we just hosted our site there.
share|improve this answer
protected by Zuly Gonzalez Mar 1 '12 at 18:05
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Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.
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The tag has no wiki summary.
learn more… | top users | synonyms
0
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Unemployment Insurance while starting a corporation?
I've been working at a place for 6 months and now they want me to switch to a contract style position as well as getting me another contract to do a mobile application. At first the deal seems good ...
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Do I need to register with the tax department of every state in which I have employees?
In my startup, we have employees (paid hourly) from New Jersey and California. The startup itself is based in New York. We're doing our payroll through Intuit, and the application is telling me I ...
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Editorial
Diagnosis of periarticular osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis using digital X-ray radiogrammetry
Joachim Böttcher* and Alexander Pfeil
Author affiliations
Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Erlanger Allee, 07747 Jena, Germany
For all author emails, please log on.
Citation and License
Arthritis Research & Therapy 2008, 10:103 doi:10.1186/ar2352
See related research by Hoff et al., http://arthritis-research.com/content/9/4/R81
Published: 24 January 2008
Abstract
Osteoporosis can manifest in two ways in rheumatoid arthritis: generalized bone loss, which may result from immobility, the inflammatory process per se and/or treatments such as steroids; and periarticular demineralization, which is probably due to local release of inflammatory agents. Digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) is an effective and sensitive modality for monitoring periarticular osteoporosis, which is among the earliest features of rheumatoid arthritis, preceding bone erosions. DXR is a promising technique, which can provide quantitative data that allow early diagnosis. During the course of rheumatoid arthritis it can be deployed in combination with established X-ray scoring methods to inform decisions regarding the optimal therapy to prevent joint destruction.
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Vol 3, No 2 (2010)
Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 3, No. 2, June 2010
Table of Contents
Articles
Sustainable Approaches to Managing Small-Scale Ecosystems: A Case Study of Vernal Pool Protection in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States of America PDF
Chad McGuire P3
A Model for Incorporated Measurement of Sustainable Development Comprising Remote Sensing Data and Using the Concept of Biodiversity PDF
Azniv Felix Petrosyan P9
Reflections on Water: Architectural Manifestations in the Historic and Cultural Quarter along Lake Pichola in Udaipur PDF
S Samant P27
Loopholes in Regional Laws Allow for Incomplete Remediation Thwarting Environmental Sustainability PDF
Renee Ann Pistone P35
Representing a Sustainable World – A Typology Approach PDF
Don Clifton P40
The Customary Law Nature of Sustainable Forest Management States Practice in Central America and European Union PDF
Samuel Assembe-Mvondo P58
Eco-Impact of Shopping Bags: Consumer Attitude and Governmental Policies PDF
Yi Li, Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu, Junyan Hu, Mok Pik-Yin, Xuemei Ding, Laili Wang, Weibang Chen P71
Community Perception, Satisfaction and Participation toward Power Plant Development in Southernmost of Thailand PDF
Sarawuth Chesoh P84
Wind Catchers: Remarkable Example of Iranian Sustainable Architecture PDF
Amirkhani Aryan, Zamani Ehsan, Saidian Amin, Khademi Masoud P89
Mothers’ Demand for Preventive Health Care for Children aged Under-Five Years: The Case of Utilization of Insecticide-Treated Bednets in Ghana. PDF
Edward Nketiah-Amponsah P98
Identifying Challenges in Implementing Sustainable Practices in a Developing Nation PDF
Omidreza Saadatian, Osman Mohd Tahir, Kamariah binti Dola P107
The Place of the Family House in Contemporary Oyo Town, Nigeria PDF
Adesoji David Jiboye, Lee Ogunshakin P117
Application of Value Beliefs Norms Theory to the Energy Conservation Behaviour PDF
Mustapha Harzallah Ibtissem P129
Assessment of Groundwater Pollution Potential of the Datong Basin, Northern China PDF
Mamadou SAMAKE, Zhonghua Tang, Win Hlaing, Innocent M’Bue, Kanyamanda Kasereka P140
Rapidly Changing Dynamics of Urbanization in China; Escalating Regional Inequalities and Urban Management Problems PDF
Ghulam Akhmat, Yu Bochun P153
Inflation and Economic Growth in Nigeria PDF
Philip Chimobi Omoke P159
Transport Infrastructure, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth Triangle in India: Cointegration and Causality Analysis PDF
Rudra Prakash Pradhan P167
Ligneous Species Tolerance in Acid Sulphated and Saline Soils of Sine Saloum: Case of Rural Community of Djilass and Loul Secene PDF
Antoine Sambou, Babou NDOUR, Shenggao Cheng, Elie SENGHOR P174
Characteristics of Public Participation in EA: the Potential to Improve Sustainable Environmental Management in China PDF
Jing Du, Fenglin Yang, Ling Xu, Sachihiko Harashina, Binghua Li P187
Understanding the Importance of Sustainable Buildings in Occupants Environmental Health and Comfort PDF
Okhovat Hanie, Amirkhani Aryan, Leylian MohammadReza, Leylian Elham P194
The Analysis of Coordinated Development between Land Intensive Use and Land Ecological Security: A Case of Chengdu City PDF
Zeng Wei Zhong, Li Li, Cai Xi, Huang Cheng-yi P201
An Assessment of the Effect of Industrial and Sewage Effluent on Aquatic Invertebrates: A Case Study of A Southern Urban Stream, Zimbabwe PDF
Trevor Dube, Caston Makaka, Zwelabo Sibanda P210
The Impact of ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) Implementation on SMEs Performance: An Empirical Study in Malaysia PDF
Goh Yen Nee, Nabsiah Abdul Wahid P215
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System for Inferring Land Cover and Land Use Change in Wuhan (China), 1987-2006 PDF
Kanyamanda Kasereka, Gu Yansheng, Innocent Ndoh Mbue, Mamadou Samake P221
The Institutional Analysis on “Rich Poverty” Issue of Energy Chemical Industry Base in Northern Shaanxi PDF
Jing Zhao P230
Accuracy Assessment of Chow's Regression and Stochastic Methods for Estimating Instantaneous Peak Discharge (Case Study: Central Alborz Region) PDF
Salajegheh Ali, Khosravi Mohammad, Mahdavi Mohammad P235
Sustainable Urbanization’s Challenge in Democratic Republic of Congo PDF
Misilu Mia Nsokimieno Eric, Chen Shouyu, Zhang li Qin P242
Studies on Beijing Olympic Game's Spiritual Legacy: Brand Value PDF
Houzhong Jin, Te Bu P255
Critical Aspects of Sustainable Development in Tourism: Advanced Ecotourism Education PDF
Xilian Wang P261
Empirical Study of the Relationship between Ownership Structure and Firm Performance: Some Evidence of Listed Companies in Tehran Stock Exchange PDF
Ghodratallah Talebnia, Mahdi Salehi, Hashem Valipour, Shahram Shafiee P264
Study on the Development of Green Economy in Zigong Area, Sichuan Province, China PDF
Qiang Huang P271
Assessment of Socioeconomic Factors and Stakeholders Involved in Dzanga Sangha Complex Protected Area, Central African Republic PDF
Ngbo-Ngbangbo Louis Maxime, Ge Jiwen, Nahayo Alphonse P273
Lifecycle Duration and Maturity Heterogeneity of Jatropha curcas Linn PDF
Jupikely James Silip, Armansyah H. Tambunan, Herliza Hambali, Sutrisno Sutrisno, Memen Surahman P291
University-Industry Technology Transfer: Framework and Constraints PDF
Heqiang Teng P296
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Journal of Sustainable Development ISSN 1913-9063 (Print) ISSN 1913-9071 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'ccsenet.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.
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Insanity Catalyst
In Game Description
A catalyst wrapped in golden cloth.
Forged from the Soul of the Demon Old Monk,
it causes insanity in the wielder and drastically
increases the strength of spells, but halves the
wielder's maximum MP.
If you have no dreams for the future, you may
want to place your trust in the power of
the golden garb.
Availability
Created at Blacksmith Ed from a Yellow Demon's Soul.
Can be created using any of the following:
General Information
Special note: Reduces Max MP by 50%
Image Name MagAdjust Damage Durability Weight Stats Needed
Stat Bonuses
Damage
Reduction %
Guard Break
Reduction
Insanity Catalyst 143 59/0/0 400 0.5 6/0/16/0
E/-/A/-
30.0/10.0 20
Upgrades
This catalyst cannot be upgraded.
Key
Name: Names displayed are according to the Atlus (NA) version of the game. Name changes from the Asian version, if any, will appear in parentheses.
MagAdjust: The Magic Power of the catalyst. This value scales with the user's Magic stat, according to the catalyst's Stat Bonuses. Hence, the values displayed in the table are taken with 18 Magic.
MrclAdjust: The Miracle Power of the talisman. This value scales with the user's Faith stat, according to the talisman's Stat Bonuses. Hence, the values displayed in the table are taken with 18 Faith.
Damage: The Damage stat dictates how much damage the weapon does. The Damage stats for a weapon are X / Y / Z:
• X is Physical Damage
• Y is Magical Damage
• Z is Fire Damage
Bleed, Poison and Plague are bonus damage over a period of 60 seconds. So, if a weapon has "Bleed 120", the victim will suffer 120 damage over 60 seconds, or 2 damage per second.
Each weapon has one or more physical damage types:
• Normal
• Blunt
• Slashing
• Piercing
Certain enemies are weak or strong against different types of damage types.
Durability: The durability of the weapon. The effectiveness of the weapon will severely deteriorate when the durability falls below 30%.
Weight: The Weight of the weapon. Note that carrying over 50% of your Equip Burden will reduce the speed of your rolls, while going over 100% will reduce your regular speed to walking and attempts to roll or backstep will leave you momentarily stunned.
Requirements: The Requirements determines how high various Stats must be in order to wield the weapon effectively. The Requirement stats for an weapon are W / X / Y / Z:
• W is the Strength required
• X is the Dexterity required
• Y is the Magic required
• Z is the Faith required
Wielding a weapon without the required Strength and/or Dexterity will incur a penalty to the Physical damage of the weapon, while lower-than-required Magic and/or Faith will reduce the spell damage.
Stat Bonuses: The Stat Bonuses rating indicates the level of bonus you receive based on the associated Stat when you use a weapon. This rating can be S, A, B, C, D, or E (in order from most to least bonus for the associated skill).
Damage Reduction %: The Damage Reduction % of the weapon. It dictates how much damage the weapon mitigates while blocking. The Damage Reduction % stats for a shield are X / Y / Z:
• X is Physical Damage
• Y is Magical Damage
• Z is Fire Damage
Guard Break Reduction: The Guard Break Reduction determines the amount of stamina expended to block an incoming attack. A higher Guard Break Reduction also allows you to block stronger attacks without breaking guard and reduces the amount of stamina depleted from blocking attacks.
Unless otherwise stated, the content of this page is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License
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Allwinner A1X
From eLinux.org
Revision as of 13:59, 27 December 2011 by Hipboi (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
This page is a overview of A1x family chips.
A10
The Allwinner A10 CPU has been developed in, and is sold in, the People's Republic of China. It's a 400-pin highly feature-rich 1.5ghz ARM Cortex A8 with a MALI400 GPU. It has the distinction of having the highest bang-per-buck ratio of any SoC available at the time of writing, by quite a margin. Its price and features is causing massive disruption of the tablet market in China (a minor recession was caused by widespread cancellation of prior committments to other SoCs!), as every factory in Shenzen scrambles to compete with hundreds of other factories for the same end-user market: tablets(see A10_tablets) and PVRs.
Features
Features of the Allwinner A10 include:
• 1.5ghz Cortex A8 ARM Core
• MALI400MP OpenGL ES 2.0 GPU
• 2160p Hardware-accelerated Video playback (4x the resolution of 1080p)
• up to 1gb of DDR3 (800mhz) RAM
• a NAND Flash Controller that is capable of 8-way concurrent DMA (8 NAND ICs) as well as supporting up to 500mhz DDR2 RAM
• 4 SDIO interfaces (SD 3.0, UHI class)
• USB 2.0 Host as well as a 2nd USB-OTG Interface (USB-OTG can be reconfigured as USB 2.0 Host, automatically)
• 24-pin RGB/TTL as well as simultaneous HDMI out
• SATA-II 3gb/sec
• 10/100 Ethernet (MII compatible)
• a 2nd 24-pin RGB/TTL interface that is multiplexed (shared) on the same pins for a standard IDE (PATA) interface.
• GPIO, I2C, PWM, Keyboard Matrix (8x8), built-in Resistive Touchscreen Controller, and much more.
Unsurprisingly, this CPU has been chosen as the first CPU for an Embedded_Open_Modular_Architecture/PCMCIA CPU module by Rhombus Tech. The critical decisive factor however was the immediate support of Allwinner's Board of Directors for releasing full GPL Source Code, to help the RHT Initiative to foster better relations and closer ties with Free Software Developers.
GPL Kernel Source Code
The GPL Linux kernel source code download location and build instructions are available at this page: kernel_compile. Discussions or questions please use the arm-netbooks@lists.phcomp.co.uk mailing list (registration required at http://lists.phcomp.co.uk/mailman/listinfo/arm-netbook)
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DirectFB
From eLinux.org
Revision as of 12:00, 11 June 2010 by Brian.edmond (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
This page was obtained from DirectFB Analysis by IGEL Co.,Ltd.
Contents
What is DirectFB?
DirectFB (Direct Frame Buffer) is a set of graphics APIs implemented on top of the Linux Frame Buffer (fbdev) abstraction layer.
DirectFB is primarily developed by the German Company, Convergence GmbH
• Specialty in Linux based DTV benchmark and middleware development Hosts LinuxTV, `FusionSound` and DirectFB projects
• Member of Multimedia Home Platform (http://www.mhp.org/)
• www.convergence.de
Goals of DirectFB
• Small memory Footprint
• Maximize utilities of hardware acceleration
• Support of advanced graphics operations such as multiple alpha blending modes
• No kernel modifications
• No library dependencies, except for libc
• Meet the requirements of MHP specifications
Features of DirectFB
Graphics
• Rectangle Filling/Drawing
• Triangle Filling/Drawing
• Line Drawing
• Blit
• Alpha Blending (texture alpha, alpha modulation)
• Porter/Duff
• Colorizing
• Source Color Keying
• Destination Color Keying
• Integrated Window System
• A subset of OpenGL API (Mesa)
Devices supported by DirectFB
As of DirectFB 0.9.21
Graphics Drivers
• Matrox Mystique/Millennium, G100, G200, G400/450, G550
• Via CLE266
• ATI Mach64/Rage Pro series
• ATI Rage 128
• ATI Radeon
• 3dfx Voodoo3/4/5/Banshee
• igs `CyberPro` 5xxx
• S3 Savage 3/4 series
• `NeoMagic` 220/2230/2360/2380
• nVidia `TNT/GeForce` seiries
• SiS 315
• Intel i810
• NSC Geode
Input Drivers
• Standard Keyboards
• Serial and PS/2 mice
• joysticks
• Linux Input Layer Devices
• Infrared Remote Controller (lirc)
• iPAQ Touch Screen
• ucb 1x00 Touch Screen
• Microtech Touch Screen
• Sony PI Jogdial
Supported Media Format
Still Images
• JPEG (libjpeg)
• PNG (libpng2)
• GIF
• Image format supported by Imlib2
Motion Picture
• mpeg1/2 (libmpeg3)
• AVI (avifile)
• MOV (`OpenQuicktime`)
• Macromedia Flash (libflash)
• video4linux
Fonts
• DirectFB bitmap font
• `TrueType` (`FreeType2`)
DirectFB Architecture
DirectFB runs on top of the Frame Buffer Device (/dev/fb), and utilize hardware acceleration with their chipset drivers
• Also runs on VESA frame buffer
DirectFB performs only the following tasks thru /dev/fb?
• Setting up the video mode (resolution, color depth and timings)
• Memory mapping of the frame buffer and I/O ports
• Changing the viewport (e.g. for double-buffer)
DirectFB uses their own chipset driver to utilize hardware acceleration through the memory mapped I/O ports
• Turns off the frame buffer drivers acceleration features
DirectFB API
DirectFB APIs are simple APIs whose design concept seems to be referring the DirectX APIs Might be enough for STB, but further analysis is required
• Does it covers enough features?
• Performance and quality, such as flickers, when used in conjunction with `Video4Linux`
• Based on their presentation at FOSDEM, the DirectFB has capability to synchronously overlay MPEG-2 video on DirectFB window, i.e. no flickers
Upper Layer APIs supporting DirectFB
• XDirectFB
• X Server for DirectFB
• DirectFBGL
• OpenGL extension for DirectFB
• Uses Mesa/DRI
• GTK+
• GTK+ for DirectFB
• DFB++
• C++ Interface for DirectFB
• DFBTerm
• Terminal runs on DirectFB
• DFBSee
• Movie player runs on DirectFB
• DFBPoint
• Presentation application runs on DirectFB
• MythTV
• PVR runs on DirectFB
• Qt on DirectFB
• Qt for DirectFB
• SDL (Simple Directmedia Layer)
• Game Development API that also supports DirectFB
• Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (Evas and Ecore)
• Object-oriented and stateful canvas (Evas) and main loop integration (Ecore) that have DirectFB engines/backends.
• Crank Storyboard on DirectFB
Fusion Sound
Audio subsystem that runs in conjunction with DirectFB Uses Fusion IPC, kernel function for synchronization, to synchronize with DirectFB
• By using Fusion IPC, DirectFB and Fusion Sound can achieve fine granularity synchronization
• Not enough documentation is available for Fusion IPC, requires source code level analysis
Consideration
Need further investigation and tests on the following points:
• How well and smoothly works with video4linux
• Internal architecture of Fusion Sound and Fusion IPC
• Coverage of features
Architecture, at a glance, seems to be well designed, however, to increase supportability of new video and audio devices, we may need to re-design the architectures, e.g. both DirectFB layer and the Linux Frame Buffer Device To accomplish inter-media synchronization, i.e. synchronization of device access and temporal synchronization, concrete synchronization subsystem needs to be designed Based on the synchronization subsystem, API similar to `DirectDraw`, `DirectSound` and `DirectShow` has to be designed (See next slide)
Development Resources
Porting Guides
See Porting DirectFB - which describes the process of porting DirectFB to an SH platform.
Performance benchmarking
See Benchmark DirectFB
Proposed System Architecture for AVWG Platform
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Profilers
From eLinux.org
Revision as of 12:24, 18 January 2012 by Guil (Talk | contribs)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to: navigation, search
Linux systems count with a wide variety of profilers each of with their pros and cons, there is no magic bullet, it's recommended to use more than one tool when analyzing your application, I recommend you to use at least OProfile and Valgrind.
Contents
OProfile
OProfile is a non-obtrusive system-wide profiler for Linux, it can use system's performance counters to give you insights on where to optimize your code.
Helper script for simple runs (remember to run opcontrol --setup ... once before this script):
#!/bin/sh
sudo opcontrol --init
sudo opcontrol --start
sudo opcontrol --dump
sudo opcontrol --reset
$@
sudo opcontrol --stop
opreport --symbols > oprof.txt
see also oprof_start
User Interfaces
oprof_start
Qt3 GUI for OProfile, ships in official distribution, see http://oprofile.sourceforge.net/doc/oprofile-gui.html
KCachegrind
One can use reports that are usable by kcachegrind with (for more instruction see http://docs.kde.org/kde3/en/kdesdk/kcachegrind/using-kcachegrind.html):
opreport -gdf | op2callgrind
OProfileUI
Another useful application is OProfileUI, it provides a GTK+2 user interface to run and show statistics, including basic call graph.
Documentation
In depth explanation can be found at:
Caveats
• JFFS2 does not provide OProfile requirements, running OProfile to output data into JFFS2 partition will fail, instead use a ramfs or some external card with ext2/3:
mkdir /var/lib/oprofile
# ram
mount -t ramfs none /var/lib/oprofile
# ext3
mount -t ext3 /dev/sda1 /var/lib/oprofile
• settings event counter too low or too high may hang your test machine. Check the recommended value for each event on specific platforms.
GProf
Unlike OProfile, GProf requires applications to be compiled with special flag -pg so compiler will introduce marks in generated binary to measure runs. After run the gmon.out file will be created with measured data, this file can be viewed with tools like gprof or kprof.
User Interfaces
KProf
Outdated, but exists: http://kprof.sourceforge.net/
Documentation
Caveats
• Imprecise
• Huge overhead
ARM Streamline
ARM Streamline is a commercial sample-based system performance analyzer which brings together performance counters from the core(s) and OS, time- and event-based profiling, context switch tracepoints, and instrumented messages (like printf) to provide developers with a system-to-instruction drill-down ability.
Streamline is a component of the ARM DS-5 suite, which has a 30-day evaluation version available for download.
Valgrind Cachegrind/Callgrind
Valgrind is tool suite for debugging and profiling. It's most famous for it's memcheck tool to check for memory leaks, invalid access, double frees and more, but also ships with interesting callgrind and cachegrind.
cachegrind will accurately simulate L1, L2 and D1 CPU caches so you can figure out what in your code is trashing your memory access.
callgrind is an extension of cachegrind that will collect call graphs.
User Interfaces
KCachegrind
The most famous user interface is KCachegrind
Documentation
Caveats
• Since these are simulators, your application will run very slow, from 20 to 100 times or more.
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Why not add this quote to your bookmarks?
O public road, I say back I am not afraid to leave you, yet I love you, you express me better than I can express myself. Whitman, Walt
Excerpt from Leaves of Grass · This quote is about travel · Search on Google Books to find all references and sources for this quotation.
A bit about Whitman, Walt ...
Walter Whitman (May 31, 1819 - March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist. Proclaimed the "greatest of all American poets" by many foreign observers a mere four years after his death, he is viewed as the first urban poet. He was a part of the transition between Transcendentalism and Realism, incorporating both views in his works. His works have been translated into more than twenty-five languages. Whitman is among the most influential and controversial poets in the American canon. His work has been described as a "rude shock" and "the most audacious and debatable contribution yet made to American literature."
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It's easy! Just pick the product you like and click-through to buy it from trusted partners of Quotations Book. We hope you like these personalized gifts as much as we do.
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More Sox Discounts
RedsArmyAdmin May 19, 2009 Uncategorized Comments Off
Since the Sox are about all we have around town for a while, we're happy to pass along another discount for Red's Army readers.
The Red Sox store is offering Red's Army readers a 30% discount until Friday. Just use the code MAY30RA
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CMU Algorithm Converts 2D Images to 3D
Posted 14 Jun 2006 at 22:51 UTC by steve
A CMU press release claims researchers at the CMU Robotics Institute have developed an algorithm that can automatically convert conventional 2D images into 3D representations. The process, known as geometically coherent image interpretation, was developed by Alexei Efros, Martial Hebert, and graduate student Derek Hoiem. Computer vision expert Takeo Kanade had this to say: "The amazing thing they did was show that it was actually possible. I would say it's a breakthrough." For some technical details on their approach, see their new paper, Putting Objects in Perspective (PDF format).
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Difference between revisions of "Isla Gorgona"
From Wikitravel
South America : Colombia : Isla Gorgona
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(Climate)
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[[Image:IslaGorgonaColombia.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The beach at Isla Gorgona]]
'''Isla Gorgona''' [http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/areas/lasareas/gorgona/gorgintro.htm] is an island in the Pacific Ocean near [[Colombia]].
'''Isla Gorgona''' [http://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/areas/lasareas/gorgona/gorgintro.htm] is an island in the Pacific Ocean near [[Colombia]].
Revision as of 00:13, 19 December 2006
The beach at Isla Gorgona
Isla Gorgona [1] is an island in the Pacific Ocean near Colombia.
Contents
Understand
Parque Nacional Natural Isla Gorgona is an small island 30 kilometres out of the Colombian coast.
History
It was a prison island, but now it is national park. Some of the prisons are converted into a research centre, accommodation and a restaurant. The rest is overgrown by jungle and can be visited.
Landscape
Flora and fauna
The island is covered with tropical forest. The island is famous for it's poisonous snakes. Further inhabitants includes monkeys, endemic lizards, pelicans, blue footed boobies, frigate birds and more. The ocean is roamed by sea turtles, whales, whalesharks, whitetip sharks and a lot of other fish species.
From mid-june till novembre is whale season. Male humpback whales can be seen breaching while the females and their offspring come real close to the island at the surface to breath.
Climate
Warm and wet.gewd
Get in
There are three ways to get to Isla Gorgona
Via Buenaventura
There are several ways to get to the island by boat from Buenaventura. Cargo Ships, Dive Boats, and Launches. The Cargo Ships typically leave from the Muelle el Piñal in the afternoon (4pm -6pm) and are headed south towards Saltinga.
• Bodega Lizcano (Muelle el Piñal), (2)2446106, has overcrowded cargoboats shippping food and wood to the southern part of the country. If there are enough passegners it makes the de-tour to the island. The one-way fair is C$80,000. It leaves at 4pm (but is usually late) and takes 10 hours. Reserve early.
• M/N Discovery, (2)2446021/(2)2439540, Had tight cabins, and cargo destined for (bocas de) Satinga, and arrived at the island at 4:00 am (It left at 6pm, was supposed to leave at 4pm). The Captain asked us for COP$90,000 each, but we paid COP$150,000 for two.
There are other cargo ships at the Muelle el Piñal- tell the locals there you want to go to Gorgona and they will take you to whichever ship happens to be leaving that day(if any).
Launches are faster boats that take 4 hours. Boats can be arranged through Aviatur, or you can arrange it yourself.
• Embarcaciones de Turismo "Asturias" , (2)2424620, (2)2415370. Reservations can be made on (2)2424521 or (2)2412738. Boats leave from Muelle Turistico' and the price is about C$200,000 two ways.
• Pacifico Express, it has a speedboat for groups of atleast 10 persons. it takes 4~5 hours and the cost is about C$80,000 per person. For info and reservations contact the office in Cali (Centro commercial passeo de la 5a of. 225, tel (2)5548142) or in Buenaventura (2)2416507.
You can also arrange for a live aboard dive boat to take you to the islands. There are at least three different boats that visit the islands (depending on the season). They are typically weekend trips leaving from Buenaventura at 6pm Fridays, and returning 6am Monday morning, with approxamatly 6-7 dives around the island, visits to the islands sights, and are all inclusive of meals and park entry fees. These trips are about COP$890,000, and can be arranged through the various dive shops in Cali and Buenaventura.
Via Guapi
Guapi is only accessible by air. Aerolíneas Satena has flights from Cali. Contact them in Cali (2)8857709 - (2)885798 or in Guapi (2)8400547 - (2)8400313
Several companies have boats with a maximum capacity of 10 persons. The price is between C$350,000 anc C$400,000 for the 2 hour trip. Here is a list of contacts.
• Ruber Aguiño: (2)8400329 - (2)8400208 - (2)8400004
• Santiago Aguiño: (2)8400974 - (2)8400313
• Adolfo Aguiño: (2)8400501 - (2)8400499
• Plutarco Grueso - Rafael Grueso: (2)8400208 - (2)8400137 - (2)8400150
• Rubén Antonio Montaño: (2)8400502
• Juan Antonio Esupiñan: (2)8400196
• Pacífico Express: Guapi (2)8400960, Buenaventura (2)2416507, Cali (2)5548142
Via El Charco
Taxi de Carga (2)6663042 has flights from Cali.
Contact Dagobert Paredes (in El Charco (2)7470177 - (2)7470091 or in Cali (2)3155605 ) for boats to the island. The capacity is 15 to 20 persons and cost C$500,000 one-way.
If your boat out of the island doesn't show up, you get a free night on the island.
It is not allowed to bring alcohol to the island. Bags are sometimes checked on entrance. Confiscated goods will be returned at your departure. On departure bags are sometimes checked for corals or endangered animal species.
Fees/Permits
The entrance to the park is COP$ 21.000 and has to be payed in advanced together with the cost of accommodation. Since January 2006, Aviatur has taken over the concession for Isla Gorgona. You can get your entry fee at any Aviatur location (there is one in Buenaventura, as well as locations in Cali (072) 6645050
Get around
Access to the park is restricted. You're only allowed without a guide on the area, called El Poblado between the accommodations and the dive shop. With a (free) guide it is possible to visit the former prison area and the one trail leading to the other side of the island.
See
Do
• Diving is the main reason people visit this island. There is one dive shop. The prices are low and the equipment is what you expect for that price. The dive sites are amazing and it is likely you see seaturtles, moreens and whitefin sharks. If you are really lucky you might see a whale or a whaleshark. It's possible to do a PADI open water or a PADI advance courses.
Buy
There is nothing to buy on the island, so take everything you need with you.
Eat
There is only one restaurant. The meals are good, but prepare for lots of seafood and rice. A breakfast cost COP$4,000, lunch and dinner COP$11,500.
Drink
Sleep
Accommodation is in shared 4-person rooms and cost COP$30.000 a night and has to be paid in advanced.
Stay healty
Vaccination against yellow fever, tetanus and hepatitus B is recommended
There are several species of poisonous snakes on the island. Walking to playa Blanca and further is only allowed with guide and rubber boots (You can rent them at restaurant for COP$7000). After 5pm the it's advisable to wear rubber boots as well and use torches.
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Difference between revisions of "Ontario"
From Wikitravel
North America : Canada : Ontario
Jump to: navigation, search
(Beer)
m (Reverted edits by Golf4ever (Talk) to last version by 99.232.18.46)
Line 227: Line 227:
*Cameron's Brewring [http://www.cameronsbrewing.com/], based in [[Oakville (Ontario)|Oakville]]
*Cameron's Brewring [http://www.cameronsbrewing.com/], based in [[Oakville (Ontario)|Oakville]]
*Creemore Springs [http://www.creemoresprings.com/], based in [[Creemore]]
*Creemore Springs [http://www.creemoresprings.com/], based in [[Creemore]]
*Craft Brewery Tours in Ontario [http://www.craftbrewerytours.com], based in [[Toronto]]
+
* Craft Brewery Tours in Ontario [http:www.craftbrewerytours.com], based in [[Toronto]]
*Gold Crown Brewery, a brew-pub in [[Waterloo (Ontario)|Waterloo]]
*Gold Crown Brewery, a brew-pub in [[Waterloo (Ontario)|Waterloo]]
*Grand River Brewing [http://www.grandriverbrewing.com/], based in [[Cambridge (Ontario)|Cambridge]]
*Grand River Brewing [http://www.grandriverbrewing.com/], based in [[Cambridge (Ontario)|Cambridge]]
Revision as of 19:45, 18 September 2012
Ottawa Parliament Hill
For other places with the same name, see Ontario (disambiguation).
Ontario [1] is the most populous and second-largest province of Canada, home to the Canadian capital city of Ottawa, as well as Ontario's own capital Toronto, Canada's largest city. Ontario is bordered by the province of Quebec to the east, by the Great Lakes region (Michigan,Minnesota and New York) of the United States to the south, by Manitoba to the west and by Hudson and James Bays to the north.
Contents
Understand
In addition to being Canada's most populous province, it is also a major tourist destination, especially around the Niagara Falls. Most of the population, more than 90% resides in the four regions that make up Southern Ontario, which covers a much smaller land area than the expansive north making it world's apart in topography and local culture. Ontario can provide the visitor with access to Canada's most populous city, Toronto; the world's largest fresh water lake, Lake Superior; and even a polar bear park in the arctic circle due to its massive size. While the majority is clearly English speaking, one will find historic French speakers and some signage in French, many other immigrant languages in the greater Toronto area in addition to First Nations people's native tongues still being spoken.
Regions
Ontario regions
Golden Horseshoe (Greater Toronto Area, Niagara Peninsula)
The wealthiest and most urban of Ontario's regions, it contains a multitude of cities filled with museums, historic architecture, great restaurants, great shopping, nightclubs, and cultural institutions.
Eastern Ontario (National Capital Region, Ottawa)
A land of lakes and boreal forests, it also contains the elegant national capital: Ottawa. Along the St. Lawrence River there is a multitude of historic towns
Southwestern Ontario
Ontario's breadbasket with extensive farmland and quiet, historical villages sprinkled throughout that can be easily compared to bucolic parts of Michigan or Wisconsin.
Central Ontario
Peaceful lakes and rivers earn this region the nickname "Cottage Country"
Northern Ontario
This area is home to the Canadian Shield with extensive forests and isolated communities.
Cities
Ontario has many cities. Here are nine of the major ones.
• Toronto—Canada's largest city and capital of Ontario with 6.1 million people
Other destinations
Talk
English is spoken throughout Ontario. French is spoken in some parts of the province especially along the border in eastern and northern Ontario. Services are available in both English and French at all Federal and Provincial Government offices as well as many Municipal Government offices. Many large and small business offer services in French although this is not always mandated by statute. The closer one gets to Quebec, the more likely one is to be able to receive service in French in stores, restaurants and other businesses. Some banks and ATMs also offer service in Chinese, particularly in Ottawa and Toronto.
More than 95% of the Ontarian population is fluent in English or French. More than 91% of the population is fluent in English.
Get in
By plane
Most visitors arrive in Ontario by way of Toronto's Lester B. Pearson International Airport in Mississauga (just outside of the Toronto metro area). The airport is a major hub for most Canadian air carriers. If your ultimate destination is in Southern Ontario, you will likely pass through Pearson at some point. Many flights from overseas will land in Toronto, and daily flights are available from many Canadian cities and most American hubs.
For destinations in Eastern Ontario and the Ottawa Valley, flights from within Canada, from the United States, and the United Kingdom are also available to Ottawa. Many American hubs have daily direct flights into Ottawa.
In Southern Ontario, there are airports at Windsor, Sarnia, London, Hamilton and Kingston which are served by Air Canada and/or WestJet to various Canadian destinations (but most commonly only to Toronto). There is also an airport at Kitchener which is served by Delta Air Lines to Detroit and WestJet to Calgary. If you are going to Windsor, you will land at Detroit Metro Airport just across the border.
If you plan to travel to Northwestern Ontario or the North of Superior region, then Thunder Bay International Airport would be your best bet. Air Canada has direct flights from Toronto and Winnipeg, to name a few, and Westjet has flights from Hamilton and Winnipeg.
By car
Driving from the USA, border crossings include: International Falls, Minn. to Fort Frances, Ontario; Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan to Sault Ste Marie, Ontario; Port Huron, Michigan to Sarnia, Ontario; Detroit, Michigan to Windsor, Ontario; Buffalo, NY to Fort Erie, Ontario; Niagara Falls, NY to Niagara Falls, Ontario; Wolfe Island to Lansdowne; Massena to Cornwall.
If you are coming from Quebec, the southern routes are TransCanada Highways 20 and 40. 20 connects to the 401 (a direct route to Toronto) and 40 connects to 417 (heading to Ottawa). If your intentions are Northerly, the Ottawa route is the most direct.
From Manitoba, there really is only one option by car (unless you are coming via the USA), and that option is TransCanada Highway 1, which connects to 17 in Ontario.
By bus
AVMMAX2000 Charters [2] is a Toronto (Ontario, Canada) based Charter Bus Rental company with 20 years of experience providing comfortable chartered bus rental services to anywhere in North America.
Greyhound Canada [3] travels to nearly 1,100 towns and cities in Canada, via 400 coaches during peak travel periods. As well, Coach Canada [4] is another bus service that runs in partnership with Trentway Wagar Lines.
Megabus, [5], provides service from New York City, Buffalo, Buffalo-Niagara Airport, Philadelphia, Syracuse, Rochester, and Washington, D.C to Toronto. .
Ne-On, [6], is a service operated jointly by Greyhound USA and New York Trailways that runs two buses a day from New York City to Toronto.
Pacific Western [7] offers charter services, which is available throughout the entire GTA, Mississauga, Brampton, Niagara Falls Region, Buffalo NY Airport and Montreal Airport. But, they could assist you with any transportation requirements outside of these areas including: All of Canada and the USA.
By train
Within Canada, VIA Rail Canada [8] is the most common way to enter Ontario by train. It is not unheard of to enter Ontario from the USA by train, but the customs waits between the USA and Canada are no different than might be expected by car or plane.
Get around
By car
Ontario is a large province and, as a result, the car is nearly the most convenient way to explore it. If you are arriving by plane initially, cars are easily rented if you are over 23, but easiest if you are over 25 years of age. Despite what you may have been led to believe, there is more to Ontario than Southern Ontario and Toronto (or Hamilton, or Niagara, or whatever), and driving to and through the vast and varied regions of Ontario can be an adventure. Coming from the USA, your options are numerous.
In Northern Ontario, the car is a must if you wish to get from place to place. In most cases, you will be driving the TransCanada Highway (a cross-Canada network of highways, often offering more than one route), either on Highway 17 or Highway 11. 17 follows a more Southerly route hugging Lake Superior, while 11 ventures Northward at North Bay and heads through a slightly less populous region of the province before heading southwards. Do note that 11 and 17 come together in the Thunder Bay region. To the west, 11 heads to its end at Rainy River and the USA, while 17 heads up to lead to Manitoba.
Even by car, you will be unable to access the Northern half of Ontario. Roads are the exception, not the rule, and you will rely on plane and train nearly anywhere north of Lake Nipigon.
Speed limits are posted in metric. Roadways are usually in good condition. On major highways, drivers routinely exceed the speed limit by 20 to 49 km/h despite the threat of hefty fines. Anyone caught exceeding the speed limit by 50 km/h or more, or making certain undesirable driving manoeuvres such as racing, preventing others from passing or rushing to turn left on a fresh green light before the oncoming lanes have moved, can be hit with an automatic fine between $2000 and $10,000, a seven-day license suspension and a seven-day vehicle impound.
Lane discipline by drivers is considered mediocre at best. Although it is widely known that passing should be only done on the leftmost lanes, drivers routinely pass on the rightmost lanes, mostly due to slower drivers failing to change lanes to the rightmost lanes.
Ontario has High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes [9] on Highway 403 and 404. Cars and even motorcycles require at least two occupants per vehicle to use them around the clock. If you are coming from the USA, remember that motorcycles without passengers are banned from Ontario HOV lanes. It is different from most USA HOV lanes allowing motorcycles, even if without passengers.
By bus
Within the Greater Toronto Area (which includes a large portion of the area around Toronto), GO Transit [10] is an option. Fares are calculated by distance, much like regular intercity transport. This is the best mode of public transit between cities and towns in this region. GO Transit mostly serves daily commuters into Toronto, and service is most frequent during the early morning and late afternoon. Some routes are served by train during certain hours.
By boat
Ontario contains many excellent recreational waterways including: the Great Lakes, the Rideau Canal, the Trent-Severn Waterway, the Ottawa and St Lawrence Rivers. The St Lawrence River includes the Thousand Islands region as well as the St Lawrence Seaway system.
The Niagara River is one of the wonders of our natural world although it is most definitely not a recreational waterway! The River includes the great cataract we know as Niagara Falls and is bypassed for navigational purposes by the Welland Ship Canal.
• The Pelee Islander, tel: 1-800-661-2220. Daily trips to Pelee Island and mainland Ontario, Canada. Service from Sandusky is limited to once daily during the summer months, and is further restricted during the spring and fall. Advance vehicle reservations.
• The MV Jiimaan, Jackson St, [11]. The largest passenger ferry along the Lake Erie route to Pelee Island. Leaves from the foot of Jackson St., Sandusky. To Lemington, Canada, Kingsville Govt. Dock, Ontario, Canada and Pelee Island, Ontario, Canada.
By train
VIA Rail services many areas of Ontario, from small towns to the largest cities. Many of the larger stations are served by several trains each day. Stations are often located in the downtown area of some cities, and are sometimes served by local public transit. In Toronto, car rentals are available from within the station.
Within the Golden Horseshoe, GO Transit [12] is a convenient and fast way to travel, if you can do so either in the early and late rush hour periods. In the summer months, GO Trains travel special express trains between Toronto and Niagara Falls, ON
The big exception to the above is if your destination is Northern Ontario (such as Moosonee or Lake Superior Provincial Park). There are train services to these areas that are your only options, excepting planes.
By plane
Toronto's Lester B. Pearson International Airport [13] (IATA: YYZ), is the province's largest airport and a major hub for most Canadian air carriers. Regular service is available to regional airports throughout Ontario. More locations are served by Toronto's City Centre Airport.
Ottawa has an international airport for destinations in Eastern Ontario and the Ottawa Valley.
In Southern Ontario, there are airports at Windsor, Sarnia, London, Hamilton, Kingston, and Kitchener.
If you plan to travel to Northern Ontario or the North of Superior region, airports include Thunder Bay, Sudbury (Ontario), Timmins, Sault Sainte Marie (Ontario), as well as many smaller airports. The larger carriers serving Northern Ontario from airports in Toronto and Ottawa include Air Canada Jazz, Bearskin Airlines, and Porter Airlines.
See
• Old Fort William in Thunder Bay, a historical fort with the best historical reenactments available in Ontario
• Lake Huron Lighthouses along Southwestern Ontario's Lake Huron coastline
• The National Capital Region in Ottawa
• Take in the view from the CN Tower in Toronto
• Sainte-Marie among the Hurons [14], 1.5 hours north of Toronto on Hwy. 12, tel: +1705 5267838. French Jesuits settled here for 10 years until they fled in 1649 after attacks from the Iroquois.
• Explore the Historic Nipissing Road [15] now part of the Trans Canada Trail. You can drive the road as well as hike it. See Magnetawan.
Itineraries
Do
• Hike the Sleeping Giant, a series of mesas that resemble a human figure, near Thunder Bay
• Visit and hike through Temagami's Old Growth Forest, climb the Fire Tower and canoe Lake Temagami.
• Dive around or take a boat tour of shipwrecks at Fathom Five National Marine Park at Tobermory
• Camp at Bruce Peninsula National Park.
• Visit Manitoulin Island, the largest freshwater lake island in the world.
• Visit one of Ontario's freshwater sandy beaches: Wasaga Beach, Sauble Beach [16] or Grand Bend in Southwestern Ontario; Pancake Bay Provincial Park in Northern Ontario. Also visit these Ontario Parks [17] for great beaches: Sandbanks, Lake Superior, Awenda, Charleston Lake, and the Pinery.
• Hike the Bruce Trail [18] (or portions of it) from Niagara Falls to Tobermory.
• Camp at the Samantha Pockele Memorial Weekend in Chatham, Ontario on May 24/Victoria Weekend: A beer and music festival to celebrate the wonderful life of Chatham-Kent's human rights pioneer Samantha Pockele (note: Samantha is not deceased, thus the name memorial weekend is absurd, also she has accomplished very little in the human rights field.)
• Visit Point Pelee National Park and Pelee Island, the Southernmost point in Canada.
• Camp and canoe at one of the province's extensive Provincial Parks: Algonquin Park, Quetico.
• Ride the South Simcoe steam train [19] in Tottenham.
• Follow the wine Road from Exit 78 on QEW to Niagara on the Lake (Map [20]) and visit some wineries.
• Try Walleye and Bass fishing in Ahmic Lake in Magnetawan.
• Mississauga offers a wide amount of biking/hiking trails with beautiful views of trees, birds, and the Credit River, despite being located in the Greater Toronto Area. Hardly crowded at all as well - and easy terrain.
• Craft Brewery Tours in Ontario, 4169226605, [21]. Day and afternoon tours are available in the beer regions of downtown Toronto, Oakville Port Credit/Mississauga, and Kitchener/Waterloo/Guelph ABOUT DAY & AFTERNOON TOURS SPECIAL EVENTS GROUP AND CORPORATE CONTACT HOME For further detailed information on Ontario craft breweries, special events and other activities visit EXPLORE THE WONDERFUL WORLD OF MICRO BREWERIES Ever tasted an iced beer, a beer enhanced with red wine or made from the juice of black Currants, an orange peel ale, a pumpkin ale, a bumbleberry wheat ale or a gin lane ale? Craft Brewery Tours provides unique, “behind the scenes” tours to Ontario craft breweries and offers our customers an opportunity to sample some of Ontario’s finest hand-crafted exotic and regular ingredient beers. Meet the passionate brewmasters to learn the intricacies of making award winning beers and sample their varieties. Our day and afternoon tours are currently offered in three beer regions: downtown Toronto, Kitchener/Waterloo/Guelph, and Oakville/Port Credit/Mississauga. Tour packages are available for groups in other Beer Regions including the Capital Region and Lakes Region. Don’t drink and drive. Leave the driving to us.
Old Credit Brewery
Eat
The Greater Toronto Area, Ottawa, Golden Horseshoe, and Niagara Falls/Niagara Region each offer you a wide variety of Indian, Chinese, Thai, Italian, Latin American, Japanese, fast food, and French cuisines (all formal and unformal). Toronto and Ottawa have large immigrant populations, and have an unusually high variety of quality specialty cuisines, that cater to Western, Asian, European palates.
Visit Gluten-Free Ontario[22] for a list of restaurants/bakeries in Ontario that offer gluten-free food.
Drink
In Ontario, the legal drinking age is 19. In Southern Ontario, you will find a great variety of beer and spirits at your disposal, while in Northern Ontario your options are usually limited to the most common North American standards. Do take note that drinking in public is discouraged by law in Ontario and most parts of Canada, exceptions being licensed patios and the like.
Where
Beer is available from the Beer Store [23] (run by Molson, Labatt and Sleeman), while beer, wine and other alcohol is available from the Liquor Control Board of Ontario [24], commonly called the LCBO, (run by the government). In Northern Ontario, you will typically only see the LCBO (and this will also be the case in some rural areas of Southern Ontario). The only time you will ever see alcohol in a grocery store is when that store has an internal LCBO. You will never find alcohol in convenience stores in Ontario. You can also buy wine at the Wine Rack [25] in some areas. Alcohol may not be easily available outside of LCBO and Beer Store hours, so stock up on alcohol ahead of holidays and store closures.
Of course, pubs and bars are no rarity in Ontario. In nearly every community you will enter, you will be able to find at least one tavern or bar. A domestic bottled beer will typically cost around $3.50 and a cocktail-type drink around $4.50 or higher. Expect the prices to vary, with prices being much higher in urban centres. Drinks are served "smart-serve" in Ontario, so they will never be made free-pour, every (single) serving of liquor, beer and wine have the same amount of alcohol (though in reality, particularly strong beers or wines will have more alcohol per serving)
Beer
Ontario has an active beer culture that has blossomed recently in Southern Ontario in particular. Below are some of the breweries you can expect to find:
Much like the recent popularity of smaller, regional breweries, brew pubs have become increasingly popular in some cities throughout Ontario. These brew unique beers within the restaurant that supposedly reflect local tastes and matches some of the dishes offered.
Wine
The Niagara region, home to Niagara Falls and Niagara on the Lake, is Ontario's premier wine-production region. Wine is also produced at 13 wineries in Essex County and Pelee Island, Canada's most southern point.
Ontario has a comparatively young wine industry that is expanding rapidly. Ontario, and Canada in general, is renowned for its consistent and unique ice wines. It is also gaining increasing recognition for its world-class premium table wines.
It's wine regions are right in the middle of the northern grape-growing belt – between 41° and 44° north. That puts southern Ontario just south of the famous Bordeaux Region in France, and parallel with northern California wine regions. Ontario is considered a "cool climate region" – which means at harvest time grapes are blessed with more concentrated flavours and balanced acidity which makes them wonderfully food friendly. That's why cooler climate wines typically have a livelier flavour than those from hotter climates.
The Vinters Quality Association (VQA) is an association of wineries that provide insight into the quality of Ontario wines. When purchasing wine made in Ontario, look for a "VQA" logo on the bottle - this tells you the wine has been approved by the association. Keep in mind that there are still many wines that are not certified, but lack of certification does not necessarily mean a poor wine.
Smoke
In Ontario, recent Supreme Court rulings have made it difficult to convict on charges of possession, and police are generally lenient towards possession of up to 30 grams. However, buying, selling, cultivating (for non-medical use) and smoking marijuana in public is still illegal. The federal government has expressed a willingness to "get tough" on drugs, and as a result marijuana possession charges have jumped. Tourists are advised to avoid smoking marijuana in public areas, though the risk of criminal prosecution is minimal relative to most of the world.
Get out
Quebec, to the east, is the nearest populated area of Canada and presents an interesting contrast to Ontario.
• Lake Erie Tour Route and Lighthouses. Go back to the mainland and see the shoreline. The drive (or boat ride) around Lake Erie takes you through the Working Waterfronts around Buffalo NY, Cleveland OH, Detroit MI, Erie PA, Toledo, OH, and southern Ontario and is intermingled with beautiful preservations of flora and fauna as well as the history of North America's first westward expansion, the Old Northwest Territory.
• Ohio is directly south, ferries are available to Sandusky and Cedar Point.
This is a usable article. It gives a good overview of the region, its sights, and how to get in, as well as links to the main destinations, whose articles are similarly well developed. An adventurous person could use this article, but please plunge forward and help it grow!
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
6291.0.40.001 - Labour Force, Selected Summary Tables, Australia, Sep 2001
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 18/10/2001
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Publications
6291.0.40.001 - Labour Force, Selected Summary Tables, Australia
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
4102.0 - Australian Social Trends, Jun 2010
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 30/06/2010
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MEDIA RELEASE
30 June, 2010
Embargoed: 11.30 am (AEST)
80/2010
Migration drives growth in population: ABS
Australia's recent population growth has mainly been driven by migration, more people are underemployed than are unemployed, the proportion of children in formal child care has increased, and young adults are the least likely to recycle, according to the latest report on Australian Social Trends released today by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS).
Population growth
There were 22.2 million people resident in Australia in December 2009, with 432,600 people added in the year to December 2009. Despite recent increases in the fertility rate, nearly two-thirds of the gain was from net overseas migration. In the year to June 2008, there was a doubling in the net gain of people on student visas (to 109,000). ABS projections show, depending on assumptions about migration and fertility, that Australia's population may be between 34 and 40 million in 2051.
Environmental concerns
More than eight out of ten Australian adults were concerned about at least one environmental problem, with seven out of ten concerned about climate change. While people aged 65 and over were less likely to be concerned about climate change, young adults (aged 18 - 24) were the least likely to have taken steps to reduce their electricity consumption or sort their garbage for recyclable waste.
Underemployment
The recent economic downturn resulting from the GFC saw a rise in the number of underemployed people from 5.9% to 7.8% of the labour force. Although this has declined since the peak of the GFC to 7.2% in May 2010, this still meant there were 837,000 people who wanted to work more hours and were available to do so, exceeding the number of people who were unemployed (610,000). Underemployment is highest amongst women and younger people.
Child care
The proportion of children who attend formal child care (such as long day care or after school care) has increased from 17% to 22% over the decade as more mothers join the workforce. Overall, grandparents were the most commonly used form of child care, but children spent less time on average in the care of grandparents than in formal child care.
Men's health
Life expectancy for Australian males has increased to over 79 years, yet remains more than four years less than for women as men have higher death rates for nearly all major causes. Men's general health risk profile was also poorer than that of women, with men more likely to be smokers, overweight and drink at dangerous levels.
Feelings of safety
One in four adults (or four million Australians) felt unsafe or avoided being in certain situations alone such as using public transport at night or walking after dark in their neighbourhood. Most said they avoided being alone in these situations because they thought it was unsafe. Feeling unsafe was highest among adults who had recently been a victim of crime, and also amongst women and adults living in more disadvantaged areas.
More details on these topics are available in the June edition of Australian Social Trends, 2010 (cat.no. 4102.0), available at www.abs.gov.au/socialtrends
Media Note: When reporting ABS data you must attribute the Australian Bureau of Statistics (or the ABS) as the source.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
1220.0 - ASCO - Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, Second Edition, 1997
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 31/07/1997
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ABOUT THIS RELEASE
Replaces: 1222.0 and 1223.0.
Comprises an explanation of the conceptual basis of the classification, the classification structure and definitions for all levels of the classification (major, sub-major, minor and unit groups and occupations). The primary purposes of this publication are to aid in the interpretation of ABS occupation statistics and to provide detailed occupation information. This publication is the ASCO Second Edition equivalent of 1222.0 and 1223.0.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Release Date
6201.1 - Labour Force, New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory, Aug 1998
Previous ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 10/11/1998
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• About this Release
ABOUT THIS RELEASE
Previously: The Labour Force, New South Wales (ISSN: 1031-7686)
Labour force status of the civilian population aged 15 and over for New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory and each region of New South Wales. For New South Wales employed persons are classified by sex, age, family status, status of worker, industry, occupation and full-time or part-time status; unemployed persons by sex, age, birthplace, industry, occupation and duration of unemployment. Australian Capital Territory data include selected groups classified by hours worked and full-time or part-time status; employed persons are classified by industry, occupation and birthplace; and unemployed by duration of unemployment.
See 6203.0.
© Commonwealth of Australia 2013
Unless otherwise noted, content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Australia Licence together with any terms, conditions and exclusions as set out in the website Copyright notice. For permission to do anything beyond the scope of this licence and copyright terms contact us.
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White House: SOPA a Serious Risk; Opposition Gains Victory
Posted by stephen1983 under Technology
From http://www.thewebshowroom.com.au 478 days ago
Made Hot by: amadon on January 27, 2012 8:50 am
January 13, 2012 - Those opposing the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) gained a considerable victory after SOPA author Representative Lamar Smith (R-TX) announced the removal of the domain-name system (DNS) blocking provisions of the bill. “After consultation with industry groups across the country I feel we should remove DNS-blocking from the Stop Online Piracy Act so that the [U.S. House Judiciary] Committee can further examine the issues surrounding this provision,” Smith said in a statement released by his office.
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A Technological Innovation Management Based on the Audit
Ya Liao, Yiyang Fan, Yi Xi
Abstract
This paper analyzes the status of technological innovation management, made a complete concept of technological innovation audit, and sets up a conceptual model of technical innovation audit using systems engineering method. We puts forward an integrity concept of stakeholders at all levels, established a concept model of technological innovation audit and presents the workflow and common method of implementing technological innovation audit.
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
International Business Research ISSN 1913-9004 (Print), ISSN 1913-9012 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
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< Old Science Fiction Magazine Reviews: Analog 1988/10
Next >
(2) Sumanabams!: In our household we have a tradition of making peoples' names more interesting by appending their academic degrees. It all started with a spam that suggested you "add an mba to your name". I am a lowly Leonardbs, which is hard to pronounce, but Sumana's sister holds the title as Nandinibabsmamba. Sumana is catching up, though, as soon she will be an action-packed Sumanabams!
Comments:
Posted by Susie at Sat May 17 2008 23:45
You and I are certainly the lowly ones in the family, but at least Susannabs sounds a bit better. With better planning, perhaps I could have been Susannabamama.
Posted by Adam P. at Sun May 18 2008 01:42
Adamasbamps!
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Contra Costa County, CaliforniaEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 17:20, 8 June 2012 by Joycebevans (Talk | contribs)
United States > California > Contra Costa County
Martinez
Contents
County Courthouse
Contra Costa County
730 Las Juntas St;
PO Box 350;
Martinez, CA 94553;
Phone. 925.646.2360
County Recorder has birth and death records; County Clerk
has marriage, divorceCounty Clerk has marriage, divoce,
probate and court records[1]
Historical Facts
Contra Costa County began in 1850 as one of the original counties in the new state of California. Located in the East Bay area, San Pablo Bay and Suisun Bay partially surround the land area of the county and have contributed to the economy since the gold rush.
Wikipedia has more about this subject: Contra Costa County, California
Parent County
18 February 1850: Contra Costa County was created as an original county. County seat: Martinez [2]
Boundary Changes
Record Loss
Places/Localities
Populated Places
Antioch
Brentwood
Clayton
Concord
Danville
El Cerrito
Hercules
Lafayette
Martinez Moraga
Oakley Orinda
Pinole Pittsburg Pleasant Hill
Richmond
San Pablo San Ramon
Walnut Creek
Neighboring Counties
Resources
Bible Records
Biography
Cemeteries
Census
For tips on accessing Contra Costa County, California census records online, see: California Census.
Church History and Records
Court Records
Crime and Criminals
Directories
Ethnic, Political, or Religious Groups
Germans
Gazetteers
Genealogy
A wiki article describing an online collecion is found at:
California, Genealogical Collections at the California Genealogical Society (FamilySearch Historical Records)
History
Land and Property
Maps
Migration
Military History and Records
Naturalization and Citizenship
Newspapers
Obituaries
Periodicals
Probate Records
Repositories
Archives, Libraries and Museums
County Courthouse
Family History Centers
Societies
Taxation
Vital Records
Birth
Marriage
Divorce
Death
Contra Costa County maintains records of death certificates from 1905 to present. You can obtain an informational copy for a fee by mailing the Application for Death Record from the county clerk's website with your payment. As with other counties, you only need to get the form notarized if you want a certified copy. Informational copies do not need a notary.
Voting Registers
Web Sites
A wiki article describing this collection is found at:
References
1. Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America, 10th ed. (Draper, Utah: Everton Pub., 2002), Contra Costa County, California. Page 84 At various libraries (WorldCat); FHL Book 973 D27e 2002.
2. The Handybook for Genealogists: United States of America,10th ed. (Draper, UT:Everton Publishers, 2002).
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Illinois SocietiesEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 19:05, 7 September 2011 by SorensonYJ (Talk | contribs)
United States Illinois Illinois Societies
Adopt-a-wiki page
This page adopted by:
Illinois State Genealogical Society
who welcome you to contribute.
Adopt a page today
Chicago Historical Society
Genealogical, historical, lineage, veteran, and ethnic societies often collect, transcribe, and publish information that can be helpful to genealogists.
Lineage societies, such as the DAR, Colonial Dames, and the Sons of the American Revolution, require members to prove they are descended from people such as colonists or soldiers. The applications for membership in these societies are usually preserved and occasionally published. National lineage societies such as the DAR are described in the "United States Societies" Wiki article.
Genealogical and historical societies can provide historical information about families in the area or ancestors of society members. They may sponsor such activities as The History of Illinois Centennial Farms and Applications for Illinois Prairie Pioneer Certificates, cited in the "Genealogy" section.
Most genealogical societies focus on local and regional records, while others concentrate on the records and migrations of ethnic groups or minorities.
Societies may guide you to useful sources, suggest avenues of research, put you in touch with other genealogists who are interested in the same families, or perform research for you. The resources of the society may be helpful in determining immigrant origins. Genealogical and historical societies occasionally publish transcriptions of original records. Most publish quarterly periodicals, a few of which are listed in the "Periodicals" section.
Some genealogical and historical societies hold conferences in which lecturers discuss genealogical research methods, available sources, and other topics of interest to the genealogist. These lectures may include information on records or research helps on a local, regional, or national level. Transcripts, audio tapes, or syllabuses of the class outlines of these conferences are often made available to the public through the sponsoring society.
Many counties and some cities have historical and genealogical societies, most of which will be listed in the Directory of Illinois Museums and the book by Reithmaier, both cited in the "Illinois Archives and Libraries" Wiki article. See the "United States Societies" Wiki article for a national directory of genealogical and ethnic societies.
See Illinois Ethnic Groups for other directories of ethnic organizations.
Statewide Societies
Regional Societies
The Society focuses on Alexander, Clay, Clinton, Edwards, Franklin, Gallatin, Hamilton, Hardin, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Lawrence, Marion, Massac, Monroe, Perry, Pope, Pulaski, Randolph, Richland, Saline, St. Clair, Union, Wabash, Washington, Wayne, White, and Williamson counties. The Society's book and microfilm collection is housed at the John A. Logan College Library. The Society publishes a newsletter (click here for recent issues) and a quarterly journal The Saga of Southern Illinois (click here for a topical index that breaks down what has been published county-by-county).
Family associations and surname societies have been organized to gather information about ancestors or descendants of specific individuals or families. See the "United States Societies" Wiki article for a directory and more information about these societies.
Clubs or occupational or fraternal organizations may have existed in the area where your ancestor lived. Those societies may have kept records of members or applications that may be of genealogical or biographical value. Though many of the old records have been lost, some have been donated to local, regional, or state archives and libraries. The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) is an example of an organization an ancestor may have joined. See the "Military Records" section for a discussion of their records.
Public librarians and county clerks may be aware of other local organizations or individuals you can contact for information and services. In many small communities, the elderly are a wonderful resource for history and memories. Some maintain scrapbooks of obituaries and events in the community.
Information about society records and directories can be found in the Family History Library Catalog by using a Place Search under:
ILLINOIS- SOCIETIES
ILLINOIS- GENEALOGY- SOCIETIES
ILLINOIS, [COUNTY]- SOCIETIES
ILLINOIS, [COUNTY], [TOWN]- SOCIETIES
Web Sites
http://www.rootsweb.com/~ilsgs/ilsocieties.html
http://www.daddezio.com/society/hill/SH-IL-NDX.html
http://geneasearch.com/societies/socil.htm
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Kentucky County Marriages (FamilySearch Historical Records)Edit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Revision as of 20:48, 1 March 2013 by Kaylenlar (Talk | contribs)
This article describes a collection of historical records available at FamilySearch.org.
Contents
Record Description
This Collection includes records from 1797 to 1954.
Most of this collection consists of marriage licenses and certificates, including a few marriage declarations, birth records, and death records.
The records are arranged by county, then by volume and year range. The form type varies between register style and certificate style. County clerks usually used the same printed form during the same time periods. Marriage records were generally well preserved, although fires, floods, or other disasters may have destroyed some records.
The earliest marriage bonds and licenses were usually handwritten on loose papers that were later bound into lettered volumes. Some marriage records had multiple entries on each page, while others had single records per page. Later they were recorded as handwritten entries in preprinted volumes.
Marriages were recorded by the clerk of the district court for each county from the time the county was formed. Persons desiring to marry obtained a license that they presented to the minister or other person authorized to marry, such as a justice of the peace. Once the marriage was performed, the officiator sent a return to the clerk confirming that the marriage had occurred. Civil marriage records were created to legalize marital relationships and to protect the interests of the wife and other heirs to legal claims on property. The marriage date, place, residence of the bride and groom, and occupations are relatively reliable. Other information, such as age or birthplace, is dependent on the knowledge, memory, and accuracy of the informants, usually the bride and groom.
Citation for This Collection
The following citation refers to the original source of the information published in FamilySearch.org Historical Records collections. Sources include the author, custodian, publisher, and archive for the original records.
"Kentucky, County Marriages, 1797-1954." Index and Images. FamilySearch. http://FamilySearch.org : accessed 2013. Citing Clerk of the County Court. Madison County Courthouse, Richmond.
Suggested citation format for a record in this collection.
Record Content
Kentucky County Records 1797-1954 (10-0084) Marriage DGS 4542765 106.jpg
Genealogical facts found in the marriage records includes the following:
• Date and place of marriage
• Groom's name
• Bride's name including her maiden name
• Names of the officiator and witnesses
• Names of the parents or guardians of the bride and groom
• Groom's place of birth
• Bride's place of birth
• Residences of the bride and groom
• Bride and Groom's age
• Bride and Groom's race
• Marital status of the bride and groom
How to Use the Record
When searching the records it is helpful to know the following:
• The approximate date and place of the marriage
• The names of the bride and groom
Search the Collection
Fill in the requested information in the initial search page. This search will return a list of possible matches. Compare the information about the ancestors in the list to what you already know about your ancestors to determine if this is the correct family or person. You may need to compare the information about more than one person to find your ancestor.
Using the Information
When you have located your ancestor’s record, carefully evaluate each piece of information given. These pieces of information may give you new biographical details that can lead you to other records about your ancestors. Add this new information to your records of each family. For example:
• Use the marriage date and place as the basis for compiling a new family group or for verifying existing information.
• Use the age to calculate an approximate birth date.
• Use the birth date or age along with the place of birth of each partner to find a couple's birth records and parents' names.
• Use the birth date or age along with the place of birth to find the family in census records.
• Use the residence and names of the parents to locate church and land records.
Tips to Keep in Mind
• The name of the officiator may be a clue to their religion or area of residence in the county.
• Compile the entries for every person who has the same surname as the bride or groom; this is especially helpful in rural areas or if the surname is unusual.
• Continue to search the records to identify children, siblings, parents, and other relatives who may have been born, married, or died in the same county or nearby. This can help you identify other generations of your family or even the second marriage of a parent. Repeat this process for each new generation you identify.
• When looking for a person who had a common name, look at all the entries for the name before deciding which is correct.
• The information in the records is usually reliable, but depends upon the reliability of the informant.
• Earlier records may not contain as much information as the records created after the late 1900.
• There is also some variation in the information given from one marriage record to another record.
Unable to Find Your Ancestor?
• Check for variant spellings of the surnames.
• Check for a different index. There are often indexes at the beginning of each volume.
• Search the indexes and records of nearby counties.
Related Websites
Kentucky Marriage Records
Related Wiki Articles
Contributions to this Article
We welcome user additions to FamilySearch Historical Records wiki articles. Guidelines are available to help you make changes. Thank you for any contributions you may provide. If you would like to get more involved join the WikiProject FamilySearch Records.
Citing FamilySearch Historical Collections
When you copy information from a record, you should list where you found the information. This will help you or others to find the record again. It is also good to keep track of records where you did not find information, including the names of the people you looked for in the records.
A suggested format for citing FamilySearch Historical Collections, including how to cite individual archives is found in the wiki article;Help:How to Cite FamilySearch Collections.
Citation Example for a Record Found in This Collection
"Kentucky, County Marriages. 1797-1954" database and digital images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org: accessed 18 November 2011), B.J. Hines and Nancy Jane Merrifield, bond posted 17 October 1900; 00481503 Image 40; Nelson County Clerk. Bardstown, Kentucky, United States.
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You're invited to explain your rating on the discussion page (you must be signed in).
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Changes related to "Logan Utah Family History Center/Local Resources"
From FamilySearch Wiki
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In the FamilySearch Research Wiki, you can learn how to do genealogical research or share your knowledge with others.
Learn More
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• Info
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Start date should be earlier than end date. OK Please enter the date in dd/mm/yyyy format or use the calendar icon to the left of the date field.
Original Research ARTICLE
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Front. Neuroinform., 02 November 2012 | doi: 10.3389/fninf.2012.00026
Supercomputers ready for use as discovery machines for neuroscience
• 1Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Computational and Systems Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
• 2RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
• 3Simulation Laboratory Neuroscience – Bernstein Facility for Simulation and Database Technology, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
• 4Bernstein Center Freiburg, Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
• 5High-Performance Computing Team, RIKEN Computational Science Research Program, Kobe, Japan
• 6Laboratory for Neural Circuit Theory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
• 7Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
• 8Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
• 9Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
NEST is a widely used tool to simulate biological spiking neural networks. Here we explain the improvements, guided by a mathematical model of memory consumption, that enable us to exploit for the first time the computational power of the K supercomputer for neuroscience. Multi-threaded components for wiring and simulation combine 8 cores per MPI process to achieve excellent scaling. K is capable of simulating networks corresponding to a brain area with 108 neurons and 1012 synapses in the worst case scenario of random connectivity; for larger networks of the brain its hierarchical organization can be exploited to constrain the number of communicating computer nodes. We discuss the limits of the software technology, comparing maximum filling scaling plots for K and the JUGENE BG/P system. The usability of these machines for network simulations has become comparable to running simulations on a single PC. Turn-around times in the range of minutes even for the largest systems enable a quasi interactive working style and render simulations on this scale a practical tool for computational neuroscience.
Keywords: supercomputer, large-scale simulation, spiking neural networks, parallel computing, computational neuroscience
Citation: Helias M, Kunkel S, Masumoto G, Igarashi J, Eppler JM, Ishii S, Fukai T, Morrison A and Diesmann M (2012) Supercomputers ready for use as discovery machines for neuroscience. Front. Neuroinform. 6:26. doi: 10.3389/fninf.2012.00026
Received: 12 July 2012; Accepted: 08 October 2012;
Published online: 02 November 2012.
Edited by:
Andrew P. Davison, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France
Reviewed by:
Anders Lansner, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Sweden
Michael Hines, Yale University, USA
James A. Bednar, University of Edinburgh, UK
Copyright: © 2012 Helias, Kunkel, Masumoto, Igarashi, Eppler, Ishii, Fukai, Morrison and Diesmann. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
*Correspondence: Moritz Helias, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6), Computational and Systems Neuroscience, Jülich Research Centre, 52425 Jülich, Germany. e-mail: m.helias@fz-juelich.de
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© 2007 - 2013 Frontiers Media S.A. All Rights Reserved
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Format function in query
Newbie Member
5Jul2009,15:09 #1
Hi All!
I am new to sql server 2005
I want to use format function in sql query
Format(dtfld,'dd-mmm-yyyy').
How to use it ?
Also for numbers, format(no1,"0.00")
Go4Expert Founder
5Jul2009,15:31 #2
What is your input format and what you would like the output to be formatted.
Newbie Member
6Jul2009,09:50 #3
My database contains dt as "datetime" type.
I want it in format as dd-mmm-yyyy
Banned
6Jul2009,09:52 #4
MS SQL Server 2005 provides CONVERT function to change or convert the DateTime formats.
CONVERT Function syntax:
Convert (datatype, datetime string, date style)
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Bibliography: Quest for Atlantis
You are not logged in. If you create a free account and sign in, you will be able to customize what is displayed.
Title: Quest for Atlantis
Author: R. L. Fanthorpe
Year: 1959
Type: SHORTFICTION
Select 2 publications to diff:
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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Contributions
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Corum:T4 Ligation
From OpenWetWare
Revision as of 13:28, 26 July 2012 by Sean P Corum (Talk | contribs)
Jump to: navigation, search
• SC 15:16, 19 June 2012 (EDT):
Contents
Overview
Standard DNA ligation using NEB T4 ligase to form a vector.
Materials
For a 10 μL ligation reaction:
• 5 μL linker dsDNA (either 100nM standard concentration linker hybridization product or standard digested and purified PCR product, which is usually ~100nM)
• 0.5 μL backbone dsDNA (usually ~10 nM) (Note: standard ratio of backbone to linker is ~1:100. This may need to be adjusted for non-standard conditions.)
• 2 μL sterile ddH2O
• 1 μL 10X ligation buffer
• 1 μL 10mg/ml BSA
• 0.5 μL T4 ligase
Procedure
1. Add the reaction components together in order listed above. Mix gently and spin.
2. Incubate 16 °C overnight (8 hr minimum).
Notes
Please feel free to post comments, questions, or improvements to this protocol. Happy to have your input!
1. List troubleshooting tips here.
2. You can also link to FAQs/tips provided by other sources such as the manufacturer or other websites.
3. Anecdotal observations that might be of use to others can also be posted here.
Please sign your name to your note by adding '''*~~~~''': to the beginning of your tip.
References
Relevant papers, books, and websites
1. New England Biolabs
Contact
or instead, discuss this protocol.
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CMD sent two reporters to track ALEC in Oklahoma
Click here to help support our future investigations.
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Romanian translation of Against Intellectual Property
by Stephan Kinsella on December 24, 2012
in Intellectual Property
My Against Intellectual Property has so far been translated into Czech, Georgian, German, Italian, Portugese, and Spanish and, now, into Romanian, as Împotriva Proprietăţii Intelectuale. These are all linked at my Translations page, which includes translations of various of my publications into thirteen languages.
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Place:East Butler, Butler, Pennsylvania, United States
Watchers
NameEast Butler
TypeBorough
Coordinates40.878°N 79.844°W
Located inButler, Pennsylvania, United States
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
source: Family History Library Catalog
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
East Butler is a borough in Butler County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 679 at the 2000 census.
Research Tips
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at East Butler, Pennsylvania. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
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Tell me more ×
Answers OnStartups is a question and answer site for entrepreneurs looking to start or run a new business. It's 100% free, no registration required.
I've work in my fair share of startups, and even today I feel like on every new one I still miss some important questions on the interview process:
• Financial: What is the burn rate, runway as the company stands today ?
• Who are the investors / Board members, how long have they been, industry experience and connections to the company.
• Vision for the product, proposed path to get there
• Founder's experience
As an early member of a startup I know I'll be actually helping and leading the resolution of some of the questions, but it's important to see where the company, founders and early members stand before jumping in.
What are other questions you have asked and consider critical or important ?
share|improve this question
6 Answers
up vote 6 down vote accepted
I think that the issues you raise are a good start. Here are five more bullets to add to your list:
• What are your biggest problems? This is a sanity check. If the person is delusional, he will say something like "nothing". If you get the standard answer of "growing fast enough", just smile politely. The correct answer is probably something like "everything".
• What is the revenue? And what are the sources? One customer? Multiple customers? Is the revenue from the product that they intend to sell long-term? Or is the current revenue from something else that is being used to fund the long-term vision? What are the revenue projections going forward? Then the follow on question is, "How will you market and sell to meet those projections?"
• What is the current valuation of the company? If there has already been money invested in the company, you want to ask about the valuation AFTER the investment. Try to think through whether this valuation would make sense for future investors based on the current revenue. In other words, if you are only making $100,000, but you are claiming that you are worth $20MM, you probably can't get another round of funding without screwing your previous investors in the process.
• Who are your competitors and what is your differentiator? There are a lot of ways to ask this question. You could also ask, "What is your distinctive competency?" (If your a Pragmatic Marketing fan.) Basically, you want to know why this company is different from its competitors.
• What is the background of the rest of the team and what skills are you still missing? Does the team have the right skills to actually bring the product to market (design, develop, ship, support, etc) and do they have experience actually doing this somewhere else previously?
share|improve this answer
Aside from all the ones given, I actually need to know if they plan on staying in the same geographical location for long, this has been a strange recurring issue.
Lighter questions
• Do you have a solution for coffee?
• Do I have a budget for a computer, or someone's left overs?
share|improve this answer
Nobody mentioned "pending lawsuits" question. It's probably not the most important question to ask in general, but it happened in every startup I worked for. Lawsuits and litigations drain huge sums of money, and have a real potential to destroy the company, especially a cash-strapped startup.
share|improve this answer
Great answers here! More:
• Do you get to continue to see updates to the books? (Small startups are risky so everyone deserves to see where things stand.)
• How do you know when something you're doing is failing?
• What are your goals for the company (no wrong answer in absolute sense, but if their goals are not the same as yours, that's a problem)
• (meta) Make sure their interview process is tough, else they're not hiring top people.
share|improve this answer
There are three important things that a startup needs to get right:
Technology, Team and Market
If you don't believe in all three, then it's not going anywhere. Ask detailed questions about all three until you are satisfied.
Another good question is "What keeps you up at night?" If they say nothing or give you a BS answer, then maybe they have not thought through their issues. If they have a litany, then maybe they just can't roll with the zigs and zags that a startup will go through.
share|improve this answer
First thing: Really understand what the product/service they're building is and ask yourself "do I believe this will succeed?"
If not, leave.
If you do believe in it, then the question becomes "do they have the people/resources to enable it to succeed?"
If both answers are positive, then the only one left is "will this be fun?"
share|improve this answer
Your Answer
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Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.
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Some Hardware Guy
less info
121 reputation
1
bio website
location
age
visits member for 7 months
seen Jan 14 at 17:01
stats profile views 1
Any views, comments, angry tirades, humor, or lack thereof are my own and not necessarily those of my employer.
This user has not asked any questions
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Consideration of Obscene Speech in Prejudication in US Constitution
Wenjuan Huang, Fang Zong
Abstract
Under the dimension of US constitutionalism, freedom of speech is imprescriptible, while limitation to obscene speech in judicial practice becomes exception of the stipulation of US Constitution “prohibiting laying down the law”. Furthermore, coordination of conflicts between the two turns to be the target sought by the Federal Supreme Judicial Court. Prejudication on games between the two by the Supreme Court approximately went through three periods, namely, “Hicklin Norm” period, “Roth Norm” period and “Miller Norm” period, transiting from the standards of “those who are most likely to be influenced”, and “sort of obscenity”, to standards of “normal people” and “totally not redeeming social value”, and then to the standard of “serious value”. The Supreme Court attempted to seek for a balance between implementation of freedom of speech guaranteed by the Constitution and obscene speech.
Full Text: PDF
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Journal of Politics and Law ISSN 1913-9047 (Print) ISSN 1913-9055 (Online)
Copyright © Canadian Center of Science and Education
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Slide – Any educator that buys wall maps or globes should be fired
Download this file: png ppt pptx
See also my other slides and the Great Quotes About Learning and Change Flickr pool.
UPDATE 1: In addition to the great comments below, see also my follow-up post.
UPDATE 2: We're having a slide remake contest! Deadline is Aug 22, 2009.
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Recipes
Info
Search:
Rather than go out to eat at a restaurant, save some money and eat at home. You could also microwave it. Also check out cookiwiki for a cooking-based wiki.
There is no sincerer love than the love of food.
1. Breakfast
2. Lunch
3. Appetizers
4. Dinner
5. Sweets & Dessert
6. Drinks
7. Quick Fixes
8. Other Recipe Resources
1. Web sites
2. Cookbooks
Breakfast
Egg in a Basket (AKA Toad in the Hole, Spit in the Ocean, Egyptian Eye, or Egg and Toast)
Tofu Scramble
Eggstada — submitted by arlen
Melty Non-Dairy Cheese
Lunch
Tabbouleh
Egg Sandwich -lg
Tasty UdonMatthewTom
Red Chicken SandwichMatthewTom
Appetizers
Janelle's MN State Fair Deep Fried Cheese Curds recipe (Not exactly like those at the fair, but close!)
Batter:
Mix batter (adding beer a bit at a time) until it's a thick liquid consistency. Coat cheese curds in batter and drop into oil (about 375 degrees) about 5 at a time. Cook curds for about 1 minute (until they start to turn golden) and place on paper towel covered plate. Enjoy!
Dill Pickles
Place the cut cucumbers in a quart jar that has a lid (such as a mason jar). Combine the remaining ingredients in a bowl and stir until the sugar dissolves. Pour the mixture over cucumbers and refrigerate one day before serving. They’ll last for about a week.
complete recipe can be found in a July 2010 blog post from Davis Life Magazine.
Dinner
The "I'm Poor but Still Need Nutrients & Flavor"
Ghetto Chicken
Giardina-Mommy's Super Duper Tuna Casserole
Giardina's Quick Curry Mix
Giardina's Italian Quesadilla
Giardina's Quick Mix
Chicken Enchiladas
Beef and Beer with Yellow Potatoes
Sweets & Dessert
Chocolate Mousse -lg
Peach Popsicles
*Blend the peaches, juice and yogurt until smooth.
*Pour into popsicle molds, and freeze for about 3-4 hours.
(makes about six pops)
complete recipe can be found in a July 2010 blog post from Davis Life Magazine.
Banana Nut Bread
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Stir the bananas and eggs together in a large bowl. Add the sugar and mix thoroughly. Combine the flour, salt and soda in a separate bowl. Stir to combine, and then add the dry mixture to the large bowl. Stir everything together, and add the chocolate and/or walnuts last. Grease a bread loaf pan (or line with parchment paper) and bake for about 50-60 minutes. Test with a toothpick to make sure it has baked all the way through. Makes one loaf.
complete recipe can be found in a July 2010 blog post from Davis Life Magazine.
Drinks
Lychee Iced Tea -MikeIvanov
Lassi
Mead
Quick Fixes
Ramen
Mi Kho
(Vietnamese Dry Noodles) Tastes better than it sounds, and has less MSG since most of it is drained off.
Yogurt With Everything -lg
Other Recipe Resources
Web sites
Cookbooks
Comments:
Note: You must be logged in to add comments
Note: I wasn't sure of the best way to go about this, or if it's even a good idea for the wiki. but sinice many people are too lazy to cook for them selves, I figured i'd have a place for good, easy to cook recipes. i'll add some stuff when i get home. we could also have a page on cooking, although i'm not sure how useful that would be.arlen
I just want to comment and say what a cool idea! I have tons of my own recipes on my computer that I will glady share. - AshleyOrsaba
Oh! I'm excited! I have a bunch of good recipes to share!Users/LizaAbeja
2005-02-18 17:43:39 There have been a number of community cookbooks made in Davis. (I've got a Valley Oak one in my kitchen) Perhaps given the number of recipes that could be contributed each one should have its own page linked from here. Would it be worthwhile to have them all share a common format for the title? Maybe "Recipe:Name". Does a new template page for recipes need to be made? —JasonAller
2005-02-18 18:44:39 I like Jasons formatting idea. that way people can comment on individual recipies —ArlenAbraham—— 2005-02-18 19:42:24 I agree.... I was actually thinking about this earlier, while nowhere near a computer (oops, obsession). If people really do put up all their nifty swell recipes, the page will be huge. Plus, if we have individual pages for each recipe, we can add photos. —SummerSong
2005-02-18 20:52:58 technical question: for sub pages, do they need have the same parent name as the page they're going on? like recipes:name, or is it recipe:name? —ArlenAbraham
I don't think that either way is better; it's important that they're all the same, though. It sounds to me that if a page says Recipes:Ghetto Chicken (for example) then there would be multiple recipes for Ghetto Chicken on the page. Alternatively, Recipes:Ghetto Chicken makes sense because the page it links to is called Recipes. In other, totally unrelated news, Miriam just fell over. Oops. —SummerSong
My suggestion: get this page big, THEN make sub pages titled "Recipe: Whatever". —PhilipNeustrom
2005-09-19 18:46:51 Just bringing this page back up into the Recent Changes list in hopes that some more crazy super awesome recipes will be added by you wiki folks. —VivianPham
2006-01-11 11:03:26 here is a cooking tip: chewing gum while chopping onions will prevent you from tearing up... you dont want to look like a baby when you are trying to impress a hot date with your fancy italian casserole do you? —BlakeHarrison
2006-01-11 15:37:03 Another onion tip: use a sharp knife. That way, you'll slice the onion cells apart rather than crush the walls together. As an added bonus, it will be easier to chop, too! —JudithTruman
2006-03-04 01:27:14 To be honest, i have tons of recipes, as i have cooked/prepared over 80% of my meals since i came up to Davis...i'll post more soon. —MatthewTom
2006-03-23 15:49:24 Umm... one correction: Egg in a Basket is not the same as Toad in the Hole - the egg/basket thing is an egg fried in bread, while toad/hole is sausages baked in batter. Thanks :) —PeterTurner
This is a Wiki Spot wiki. Wiki Spot is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that helps communities collaborate via wikis.
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Category:Research AnalysisEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
This category is for articles explaining how to correlate, corroborate, interpret, and evaluate research, records, and information to determine their relevance, authenticity, reliability, and accuracy, and how to deal with contradictory evidence.
It does not include articles about note keeping, source footnoting, or organizing the evidence which also contribute to better analysis.
Pages in category "Research Analysis"
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• This page was last modified on 8 December 2010, at 23:25.
• This page has been accessed 1,526 times.
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21 May 2007
Microsoft's New Mantra: Choice Is Good
Recently I was bemused by Microsoft's espousal of ODF, and now here we have the company spreading more joy:
The company on Monday is expected to announce that it is sponsoring an open-source project to create a converter between Ecma Open XML--a set of file formats closely tied to Microsoft Office--and a Chinese national standard called Unified Office Format (UOF).
I think I understand what Microsoft is up to.
Until recently, its approach was to try to block ODF at every twist and turn: the last thing it wanted was another standard - much less a truly cross-platform, open one - to join the club of approved formats.
That strategy has failed: ODF is being chosen or is on the brink of being chosen by more and more governments around the world. And where governments lead, local business will follow. Microsoft is now faced with the prospect of losing its monopoly in the office sector. Indeed, it risks being locked out completely, as more and more countries opt for ODF only.
So I think Microsoft has decided to cut its losses, and go for a very different approach. Given that it can't shut out ODF, and there is a danger that Microsoft's OOXML will not be selected alongside it, the company is now pushing very hard for as many standards as possible: the new mantra being "Choice is Good". The point being, of course, that if you have lots of competing standards, then the one with the largest market share - Microsoft's - is likely to have the advantage.
It's a shrewd move, because at first blush it's hard to argue against having choice. But the flaw in this argument is that choice has to occur around the standard, through competing implementations, not between standards. In the latter case, all the benefits of open standards are lost, and the status quo is preserved. Which, of course, is exactly what Microsoft is hoping to achieve with its sudden rash of generosity.
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Banta
From OpenWetWare
(Difference between revisions)
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[mailto:sbanta@cheme.columbia.edu sbanta@cheme.columbia.edu]
[mailto:sbanta@cheme.columbia.edu sbanta@cheme.columbia.edu]
+
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Revision as of 11:35, 15 June 2009
Scott Banta
Scott Banta, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
Columbia University in The City of New York
820 Mudd MC4721
500 W 120th St
New York, NY 10027
sbanta@cheme.columbia.edu
Member of Columbia University Interdisciplinary Biosciences Program
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Vice speaker warns Turkey against meddling with Karabakh process
PanARMENIAN.Net - Armenian National Assembly’s vice speaker, press secretary of the ruling Republican Party of Armenia (RPA) Eduard Sharmazanov commented on Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu’s statement urging for an end to “occupation” of 20% of Azerbaijani territory by Armenia, as it “seriously hampers the development of the South Caucasus region.”
“Some representatives of Turkish political elite are periodically guided by Goebbels principles, according to which people will believe what you say, if you repeatedly tell a lie.
“Turkey and Azerbaijan are the only countries hampering the development of the South Caucasus region, with the first imposing a blockade on Armenia over the past two decades, pursuing denial policy and constantly violating the international obligations assumed; the second disregarding OSCE Minsk Group’s efforts in peaceful settlement of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict.
Meanwhile, Davutoğlu had better urge Turkish authorities to fulfill the international obligations, open the only closed border in Europe and keep out of Karabakh resolution, if he is truly concerned over development of the South Caucasus,” the vice speaker’s statement reads.
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Dwelling on the hike in gas prices, Iskandaryan said the change also affected other countries importing Russian gas.
Armen Martirosyan noted that the price rise will further deteriorate the situation in the country, fostering emigration.
In this connection, Foreign Minister Edward Nalbandian left for Strasbourg to attend CoE foreign ministers meeting.
Orinats Yerkir party held a political council meeting on May 15, chaired by party leader Artur Baghdasaryan.
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Authors/Contributors
Patrick Lundberg
Document Type
Thesis, Senior
Publication Date
Spring 2009
Degree
B. ARCH
Keywords
Sun City, retirement communities, Arizona, active adult communities, baby boomers
Language
English
Disciplines
Architecture
Description/Abstract
"While providing a marketable, popular, and economically successful municipal entity, Sun Cities and Active Adult Communities manifest problems. Through their strict planning, restrictive ordering, and operative rules, these communities produce issues of: population segregation, formal homogeneity, discouraged density, and programmatic disconnect."
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
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Architecture Commons
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > Statistics > By Catalogue Number
2040.0.30.001 - Census of Population and Housing: CDATA96 Add-on Datapaks, 1996
Latest ISSUE Released at 11:30 AM (CANBERRA TIME) 30/11/1998
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ABOUT THIS RELEASE
CDATA96 Add-on Datapaks is a CD-ROM product containing the Indigenous, Usual Residents, Expanded and Working Population Community Profiles and Estimated Resident Population. An interface within CDATA96 allows easy import of these Datapaks into the CDATA96 operating environment. This interface will ensure that the other Profiles can be imported and presented, manipulated and mapped in the same way as the Basic and Time Series Profiles on the standard CDATA product.
The Datapaks are available on one CD-ROM in MapInfo format in an encrypted format. Clients will be required to call the 1800 HELPLINE for a decryption key. The Datapaks are complete Profiles containing all tables for all available geography.
Note: This product is for use with CDATA96 (2019.0.30.001). It contains the same data as in Community Profiles 2020.0 but is on CDATA format and includes software which provides an interface to CDATA96.
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Australian Bureau of Statistics
Celebrating the International Year of Statistics 2013
ABS Home > News & Media > Media Releases by Release Date
Media Releases by Release Date
October, 2006
26/10/2006 Latest snapshot of the Northern Territory and its regions (Media Release), 2006 (cat no. 1362.7)
23/10/2006 Paid maternity leave used by one-third of employed mothers-to-be (Media Release), Nov 2005 (cat no. 4913.0)
17/10/2006 ABS: Australian fertility rate highest in 10 years (Media Release), 2005 (cat no. 3301.0)
17/10/2006 ACT Government spends $55.5m on cultural funding: Oct 2006 (Media Release), 2006 (cat no. 1344.8.55.001)
11/10/2006 Business, higher education push R&D spend to $15.8bn (Media Release), 2004-05 (cat no. 8112.0)
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This article is part of the series Clinical biomarkers.
Research article
Interleukin-22 predicts severity and death in advanced liver cirrhosis: a prospective cohort study
Bernd Kronenberger1*, Ina Rudloff2, Malte Bachmann2, Friederike Brunner1, Lisa Kapper1, Natalie Filmann3, Oliver Waidmann1, Eva Herrmann3, Josef Pfeilschifter2, Stefan Zeuzem1, Albrecht Piiper1 and Heiko Mühl2
Author affiliations
1 Medizinische Klinik 1, Klinikum der J.W. Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Klinikum der J.W. Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
3 Institut für Biostatistik und mathematische Modellierung, Klinikum der J.W. Goethe Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
For all author emails, please log on.
Citation and License
BMC Medicine 2012, 10:102 doi:10.1186/1741-7015-10-102
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/10/102
Received:20 March 2012
Accepted:11 September 2012
Published:11 September 2012
© 2012 Kronenberger et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Background
Interleukin-22 (IL-22), recently identified as a crucial parameter of pathology in experimental liver damage, may determine survival in clinical end-stage liver disease. Systematic analysis of serum IL-22 in relation to morbidity and mortality of patients with advanced liver cirrhosis has not been performed so far.
Methods
This is a prospective cohort study including 120 liver cirrhosis patients and 40 healthy donors to analyze systemic levels of IL-22 in relation to survival and hepatic complications.
Results
A total of 71% of patients displayed liver cirrhosis-related complications at study inclusion. A total of 23% of the patients died during a mean follow-up of 196 ± 165 days. Systemic IL-22 was detectable in 74% of patients but only in 10% of healthy donors (P < 0.001). Elevated levels of IL-22 were associated with ascites (P = 0.006), hepatorenal syndrome (P < 0.0001), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (P = 0.001). Patients with elevated IL-22 (>18 pg/ml, n = 57) showed significantly reduced survival compared to patients with regular (≤18 pg/ml) levels of IL-22 (321 days versus 526 days, P = 0.003). Other factors associated with reduced overall survival were high CRP (≥2.9 mg/dl, P = 0.005, hazard ratio (HR) 0.314, confidence interval (CI) (0.141 to 0.702)), elevated serum creatinine (P = 0.05, HR 0.453, CI (0.203 to 1.012)), presence of liver-related complications (P = 0.028, HR 0.258, CI (0.077 to 0.862)), model of end stage liver disease (MELD) score ≥20 (P = 0.017, HR 0.364, CI (0.159 to 0.835)) and age (P = 0.011, HR 0.955, CI (0.922 to 0.989)). Adjusted multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analysis identified elevated systemic IL-22 levels as independent predictors of reduced survival (P = 0.007, HR 0.218, CI (0.072 to 0.662)).
Conclusions
In patients with liver cirrhosis, elevated systemic IL-22 levels are predictive for reduced survival independently from age, liver-related complications, CRP, creatinine and the MELD score. Thus, processes that lead to a rise in systemic interleukin-22 may be relevant for prognosis of advanced liver cirrhosis.
Keywords:
Interleukin-22; Liver cirrhosis; Liver-related complications; Hepatitis; Alcoholic liver disease; MELD
Background
Liver cirrhosis, virally-, drug- or alcohol-induced, is a major health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Identification of processes that lead to deterioration of liver cirrhosis and development of complications is regarded as key to successful implementation of novel treatment regimes aiming at hard-to-treat patients suffering from hepatitis of diverse etiologies.
Interleukin (IL)-22 is among newly identified parameters of hepatocyte biology that recently became the major focus of basic and translational research on liver injury and inflammation [2]. This member of the IL-10 cytokine family is primarily produced by activated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, γδ-T cells, macrophages/dendritic cells and a diverse array of natural killer (NK)-like cells recently coined innate lymphoid cells [3-5]. Enhanced IL-22 expression is associated with diseases triggered by or accompanied with immunoactivation, among others: psoriasis [6], inflammatory bowel diseases [7], rheumatoid arthritis [8] and abdominal sepsis [9]. IL-22 is biochemically and functionally akin to IL-6 and able to efficiently initiate the hepatic acute phase response [10,11]. However, in contrast to IL-6, IL-22 almost exclusively acts on non-leukocytic cells. As a result, cells of epithelial origin, including hepatocytes, but not leukocytes, are major targets of IL-22 [3-5]. Pathophysiological functions of IL-22 as detected in rodent disease models are strictly context specific. In fact, this cytokine appears to be pathogenic in models of diseases associated with autoimmunity and tissue hyperplasia, such as experimental psoriasis [12] and arthritis [13]. In contrast, IL-22 has protective functions in models of microbe/infection-driven inflammation at host/environment interfaces [14-16], likely by up-regulating anti-microbial peptides [3-5,14,15], inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase [17,18] and mucus production [16]. The tissue protective properties of IL-22 also extend to experimental ventilator-induced lung injury [19] and, in particular, to specific models of hepatic diseases [5].
As already alluded to, the liver is regarded as a prime target of IL-22 biological activity. Likely by promoting hepatocyte survival, several studies indicate a protective role for IL-22 in experimental hepatitis and liver injury [20-22], a property that may on the other hand promote progression to hepatocellular carcinoma [23]. However, the role of IL-22 in liver disease is not unequivocal. A recent report indicates that IL-22 may also amplify liver injury in experimental hepatitis B virus infection [24]. Notably, the course of hepatic disease in this context depends on robust leukocyte infiltration, which is at least in part dependent on IL-22 [24]. The potential of IL-22 as a parameter of liver diseases is further highlighted by detection of its increased expression in patients' liver biopsy specimens [23,25,26]. Enhanced levels of systemic IL-22 have recently been observed in patients with chronic hepatitis [23] and acute hepatitis B infection [24].
Liver cirrhosis, the end-stage of various liver diseases, has a poor prognosis, which is determined by deterioration of hepatic functional capacity and consecutive development of hepatic complications. In the cirrhotic liver, IL-22 may be secreted to protect residual healthy liver tissue. Assuming that IL-22 possesses hepatoprotective properties in end-stage liver disease, IL-22 may be a relevant factor for progression of liver cirrhosis. The prognostic relevance of elevated IL-22 levels in patients with end-stage liver disease has not been characterized so far. Here we comprehensively analyzed systemic IL-22 concentrations in a cohort of 120 patients suffering from severe liver cirrhosis and thoroughly related those data to the survival of liver disease.
Methods
Study population and selection of patients
This prospective study investigated complications and mortality in consecutive patients who were treated due to advanced liver cirrhosis at the liver center of the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee of the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany (reference number 84/09). All patients gave written informed consent before inclusion into the study. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Inclusion criteria were age ≥18 years and the presence of liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis was either proven histopathologically or by explicit morphological criteria of liver cirrhosis with ultrasound, computer tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Exclusion criteria were patients with organ transplantation and patients with early to terminal stages of hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after study inclusion were not excluded later on. The control group consisted of healthy volunteers (n = 40, 32.4 years ± 8.4 years).
Evaluation of complications
The following forms of liver-related complications were investigated during hospital admission: ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, esophageal variceal bleeding and hepatic encephalopathy. The presence of ascites was confirmed by ultrasonography. Paracentesis was performed if appropriate amounts of ascites were detectable. Duplex sonography of the liver veins as well as of the portal vein was performed each time ascites was present. When Budd Chiari syndrome, portal vein thrombosis or a malignant ascites was diagnosed at first admission, the patients were excluded. The diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis was based on a neutrophil count >250 mm³ in ascites fluid and/or a positive ascitic fluid culture. Hepatorenal syndrome was diagnosed according to the EASL clinical practice guideline [1]. Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome was diagnosed when the serum creatinine level was increased by more than 100% above baseline to a final level >2.5 mg/dl during the first hospitalization. Esophageal variceal bleeding was diagnosed by endoscopy. Hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed according to clinical criteria, including impairment of autonomy, consciousness, intellectual function and behavior.
Study endpoints
The primary endpoint of this study was mortality in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, the association between liver-related complications, such as ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatic encephalopathy with IL-22, was analyzed. In addition, the relation between IL-22 serum levels and laboratory parameters as well as the model of end stage liver disease (MELD) score was assessed.
Collection of blood samples
All samples for IL-22 baseline quantification were collected at study inclusion. In hospitalized patients peripheral blood was collected within the first week of hospital admission. Furthermore, blood was collected in consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis coming to the outpatient clinic. In addition, blood was collected during the follow-up period. For follow-up analyses, blood was collected at subsequent hospitalizations after study entry. Follow-up serum samples were taken a minimum of 30 days apart from the initial blood collection. Blood samples were subsequently used for clinical chemistry and IL-22 quantification. Serum tubes were centrifuged at 1,500 × g for 10 minutes at 4°C, followed by an additional centrifugation step at 2,000 × g at 4°C to completely remove any remaining cells. The serum samples were aliquoted and stored at -80°C until further use.
Clinical chemistry
Hematology and biochemistry analyses were performed at the local laboratory of the Frankfurt University Hospital.
Quantification of IL-22 serum levels
Serum IL-22 levels were quantified by using the IL-22 Quantikine enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. This assay detects a minimum of 2.7 pg/ml of IL-22 (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA). All samples showing a value below this detection limit were set to 2.6 pg/ml. Readers of the IL-22 ELISA were unaware of the patients' clinical characteristics.
IL-22 immunohistochemistry
Liver biopsies were performed using a 14-gauge modified Menghini needle under ultrasound guidance and local anesthesia. Liver biopsy specimens were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin for routine staining with hematoxylin and eosin. For immunohistochemical staining, 10 μm paraffin sections were deparaffinized through xylene and graded ethanol. For antigen retrieval, paraffin sections were boiled in citrate buffer (10 mM, pH 6.0) for 30 minutes. Endogenous peroxidases were blocked by incubation in a solution containing 3% H2O2 in methanol for 10 minutes. IL-22 was detected by incubating the tissue sections with a monoclonal anti-human anti-IL-22 antibody (clone ab50140, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) for 1 h (dilution of 1:75) in humidified atmosphere. Thereafter, the tissue slices were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-labeled polymer conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody (EnVision™, Dako, Hamburg, Germany) for 30 minutes. Diaminobenzidin was used as chromogen.
Statistical analyses
The follow-up period started at study inclusion and ended at the patient's time of death, liver transplantation or last contact. Death was recorded as an event. All patients were seen every 4 to 12 weeks at the liver center of the J.W. Goethe University Hospital. At the end of the study, the patient's physician was contacted. In patients who were lost to follow-up before the end of the study, the time in the study ranged from study inclusion to last contact. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS (Version 17.0, IBM, New York, NY, USA) and BiAS (Epsilon Verlag, Hochheim Darmstadt, Germany). Overall survival rates were assessed for all patients with the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Correlations between two variables were assessed by the non-parametric Spearman test.
The MELD score was calculated according to the standard formula as follows: 11.2 × ln (INR) + 9.57 × ln (creatinine, in milligrams per deciliter) + 3.78 × ln (bilirubin, in milligrams per deciliter) + 6.43 with a lower limit of 1 for all variables and with creatinine capped at 4. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analysis using forward stepwise variable selection was conducted to describe the relationship between the systemic IL-22 serum level, the MELD score, CRP, age, creatinine, presence of liver-related complications and overall survival. Furthermore, an area under the observed receiver operating curve (AUC) analysis was performed to compare the performance of elevated IL-22 and the MELD score for the prediction of survival.
Categorical variables were analyzed using the Fisher test. Differences between paired and unpaired samples were investigated with the non-parametric Wilcoxon paired sample test, the Mann-Whitney U-test or the Kruskal Wallis test. All tests were two-sided and a P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Patient characteristics
Between 2009 and 2011, 159 patients with liver cirrhosis were screened. A total of 120 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were prospectively enrolled into the present study (Figure 1). The patient characteristics are shown in Table 1. The majority of patients was male. The major causes of liver cirrhosis were alcoholic liver damage, chronic viral hepatitis B or C, respectively. The majority of patients presented with liver cirrhosis related complications at inclusion into the study. The most frequent liver-related complication was ascites. Among patients with ascites, 19.1% had spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and 32.4% hepatorenal syndrome. Criteria for hepatorenal syndrome type 1 and 2 were fulfilled in 12 and 14 patients, respectively.
Figure 1. Study protocol.
Table 1. Patient characteristics
The patients were followed for a mean and maximum duration of 195.7 ± 165.1 days and 651 days, respectively. Twenty-eight patients (23.3%) died during the follow-up period. All cases of death were considered as related to deterioration of liver cirrhosis and complications. In two patients, hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed after inclusion into the study. Twelve patients (10%) received liver transplantation during the observation period.
IL-22 serum levels are increased in patients with liver cirrhosis
To investigate whether liver cirrhosis is associated with increased serum IL-22, the cytokine was determined in sera of healthy donors and liver cirrhosis patients, respectively. IL-22 was detectable (>2.6 pg/ml) in 89 of 120 patients with liver cirrhosis, but only in 4 of 40 healthy controls (74.1% vs. 10.0%, P < 0.001) (Figure 2). The corresponding mean levels of serum IL-22 as detectable by ELISA were 10-fold higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in healthy donors (44.1 ± 68.4 and 4.6 ± 6.8 pg/ml, Figure 2). The control group in this study was younger than the patient cohort (32.4 years vs. 56.1 years). To exclude a potential bias we investigated if age and gender may influence the IL-22 serum concentration. Age and gender were not associated with the systemic IL-22 level in patients with liver cirrhosis (P > 0.2 for both). Furthermore, the mean value of systemic IL-22 in healthy controls obtained in this study was similar to the mean systemic level of IL-22 in the literature reported for older patients (3.3 ± 1.4 pg/ml, 51.6 ± 7.6 years) [27].
Figure 2. IL-22 serum concentrations are elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis (n = 120) compared with healthy individuals (n = 40). Dots indicate IL-22 serum levels in individual patients. The straight horizontal line indicates the mean. The dotted horizontal line indicates the upper limit of normal for IL-22 of 18 pg/ml. Error bars indicate the standard deviation. Comparison between the two groups was performed using the Mann Whitney U-test.
In order to determine a reference range, we used the 95% interval of lL-22 serum concentrations that were observed in healthy donors. Based on that strategy, we defined the upper limit of normal (ULN) serum IL-22 concentration to be 18 pg/ml. According to this ULN, 57 out of 120 (47.5%) patients with liver cirrhosis but only 2 out of 40 (5.0%) healthy donors displayed elevated IL-22 serum levels.
IL-22 serum levels increase in the course of liver disease
Next, we were interested whether IL-22 serum levels are stably increased in the course of liver disease. Follow-up sera were available in 29 patients with liver cirrhosis. Thirteen patients (44.8%) had elevated IL-22 serum levels at baseline. After a mean follow-up of 138.2 ± 114.0 days, the mean IL-22 serum level increased from 33.3 ± 49.2 pg/ml to 61.3 ± 82.2 pg/ml (P = 0.0192, Figure 3). Only 3 of 13 patients (23.1%) with elevated IL-22 serum levels at baseline showed a decline of IL-22 below the ULN at follow-up while 9 of 16 patients (56.3%) with IL-22 serum levels below the ULN at baseline showed an increase of IL-22 above ULN at follow-up.
Figure 3. Changes of IL-22 in the course of liver disease. Dots indicate serum IL-22 levels in individual patients at baseline (BL) and follow-up (FU), respectively. Corresponding IL-22 serum levels in individual patients at BL and FU are connected. IL-22 serum levels were analyzed in follow-up (FU) sera that were a minimum of 30 days apart from baseline (BL). The dotted horizontal line indicates the upper limit of normal for IL-22 of 18 pg/ml. Comparison between BL and FU was performed with the Wilcoxon matched pairs test.
IL-22 is detectable in livers from patients with liver cirrhosis
A recent report demonstrates that IL-22 is produced locally in livers of patients with chronic viral hepatitis [26]. In order to provide evidence that enhanced systemic IL-22 as observed herein likely derived from diseased liver tissue, IL-22 expression was determined in liver biopsies by immunohistochemical staining (available from only 10 patients, as liver biopsies are not routinely performed in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis). IL-22 positive cells were observed in 7 of 10 liver biopsies from patients with different etiologies of liver cirrhosis. In agreement with Park et al. [26], IL-22 expression was detectable mainly in non-parenchymal cells (Figure 4).
Figure 4. Immunohistochemical detection of IL-22 in the liver. IL-22 positive cells were non-hepatocytic cells. IL-22 positive cells were detected in cirrhotic livers with different etiologies. HCV, chronic hepatitis C (A); AC, alcoholic cirrhosis (B); arrows indicate typical IL-22 positive cells which were different from hepatocytes. The inset shows a magnification of IL-22 positive cells.
Serum IL-22 and etiologies of liver disease
We next investigated whether distinct etiologies of liver diseases in the patient cohort under investigation affected IL-22 serum levels. Notably, no significant differences became apparent between levels of IL-22 in sera from patients with liver cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B (HBV), chronic hepatitis C (HCV) and alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) (P > 0.2). For hereditary, cholestatic, autoimmune liver diseases as well as toxic liver injury and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the number of patients was too low to draw a valid conclusion. Patients with chronic HBV, chronic HCV and alcoholic cirrhosis had significantly higher IL-22 serum levels than healthy controls (P = 0.009, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). These data do not support an association between the etiology of the underlying liver disease and elevated serum IL-22.
Elevated IL-22 serum levels are associated with reduced survival of patients with liver cirrhosis
To investigate whether IL-22 serum levels are associated with survival of patients with liver cirrhosis, we compared survival of patients with liver cirrhosis and normal IL-22 levels (below the ULN of 18 pg/ml) with survival of patients having elevated IL-22 serum levels (above the ULN of 18 pg/ml). As illustrated in Figure 5, survival of patients with elevated IL-22 serum levels was significantly reduced compared to patients with normal IL-22 serum levels (P = 0.003). The estimated mean survival time was 526.4 days for patients with normal systemic IL-22 and 321.3 days for patients with elevated IL-22 (Figure 5).
Figure 5. Survival of patients with normal and elevated IL-22 serum levels. Kaplan-Meier curve for survival of patients with normal (IL-22 ≤18 pg/ml, black line) and elevated IL-22 levels (IL-22 >18 pg/ml, grey line). Survival was significantly higher in patients with normal vs. elevated IL-22 serum levels according to the log rank test (P = 0.003). The number of patients at risk is shown in the table below the plot.
IL-22 serum levels are associated with complications of liver cirrhosis
To investigate whether systemic IL-22 levels are associated with complications of liver cirrhosis, we compared liver cirrhosis-related complications between patients with IL-22 serum levels above or below the ULN of 18 pg/ml. Elevated IL-22 levels were more frequent in patients with liver cirrhosis-related complications than in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (60.0% vs. 17.1%, P < 0.001). Moreover,elevated IL-22 serum levels were more frequent in patients with ascites, hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis as compared to patients without these complications (Figure 6).
Figure 6. Liver-related complications in patients with liver cirrhosis according to IL-22 serum levels. Columns show the percentage of patients with elevated serum IL-22 above 18 pg/ml with (+) or without (-) liver related complications, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome (HRS), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) at time of IL-22 quantification. Groups were compared by the Fisher test.
IL-22 serum levels correlate with MELD score
The currently best-evaluated prognostic score for patients with liver cirrhosis is the MELD score. In the present study, there was a significant association between high MELD score (≥20) and reduced survival (P = 0.017, hazard ratio (HR) 0.364, confidence interval (CI) (0.159 to 0.835)). As IL-22 serum levels were associated with mortality of patients with liver cirrhosis, we investigated the relation between the MELD score and IL-22 serum levels. As shown in Figure 7, IL-22 serum levels significantly correlated with the MELD score.
Figure 7. Correlation between MELD score and IL-22 serum levels in patients with liver cirrhosis. The correlation coefficient was calculated by the Spearman test.
The MELD score includes the laboratory parameters for creatinine, bilirubin and international normalized ratio for prothrombin time (INR). Therefore, we also investigated if the individual parameters of the MELD score correlate with serum IL-22 levels in our patients. As illustrated in Table 2, creatinine and INR but not bilirubin correlated with IL-22 serum levels.
Table 2. Correlation of the IL-22 serum concentration with hematological and biochemical parameters
IL-22 serum levels correlate with surrogate parameters for inflammation
To investigate whether IL-22 serum levels are associated with determinants of liver synthetic capacity, inflammation or damage, potential correlations of the cytokine with serum albumin (surrogate marker of liver synthetic capacity), C-reactive protein (CRP, surrogate marker of ongoing inflammation), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), both surrogate markers of liver damage, were analyzed (Table 2). A strong positive correlation was found between serum IL-22 and CRP levels (Table 2). Furthermore, weak but significant inverse correlations between serum levels of IL-22 and albumin, as well as ALT, were observed (Table 2).
Elevated IL-22 serum levels are predictive for reduced survival independently from age, CRP, creatinine, MELD score and presence of liver-related complications
In addition to MELD score and elevated IL-22, the factors of high CRP (≥2.9 mg/dl) [28], elevated serum creatinine, presence of liver-related complications, and age (P = 0.005, HR 0.314, CI (0.141 to 0.702); P = 0.05, HR 0.453, CI (0.203 to 1.012); P = 0.028, HR 0.258, CI (0.077 to 0.862); P = 0.011, HR 0.955, CI (0.922 to 0.989)) were associated with reduced overall survival in univariate analysis. Age-adjusted multivariate Cox proportional-hazards analysis (including all significant variables in univariate analysis) identified elevated systemic IL-22 levels as independent predictors of reduced survival (P = 0.007, HR 0.218, CI (0.072 to 0.662) for IL-22; P = 0.005, HR 0.93, CI (0.89 to 0.98) for age). High CRP, elevated creatinine, presence of liver-related complications, and MELD score ≥20 were not predictive for survival in multivariate analysis (P = 0.077, P > 0.2, P = 0.136 and P = 0.069, respectively).
We, furthermore, performed an AUC analysis to compare MELD score and IL-22 levels for the ability to discriminate patients who died during follow-up and those who did not. In this analysis, serum IL-22 significantly discriminated patients who died during the follow-up period from those who survived (AUC 0.682, CI (0.560 to 0.805), P = 0.010). In contrast, the MELD score did not identify patients who died during the follow-up period (AUC 0.611, CI (0.470 to 0.752), P = 0.118).
Discussion
The role of IL-22 in disease progression of patients with liver cirrhosis is currently uncertain. Lymphoid cells are supposed to be the major source of IL-22 [3], though cells of the macrophage/dendritic cell type have been likewise reported to be capable of producing the cytokine [14,29]. In contrast, major liver targets of IL-22 are certainly hepatocytes which express functional IL-22 receptors to a large extent [22]. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemistry to confirm IL-22 expression in cirrhotic livers. Indeed, IL-22 was detectable in non-parenchymal cells in the hepatic lobe and in areas of necroinflammation. These observations are in agreement with previous data from patients and murine models, suggesting that the liver is an important source of serum IL-22 under conditions of hepatic inflammation/injury [20,26].
The potential role of IL-22 in liver diseases has been intensively studied in murine models for T cell-mediated hepatitis [20], fulminant hepatic failure [30], alcoholic liver injury [22] and regeneration after hepatectomy [31]. In those models, IL-22 attenuated liver injury [20,22], prevented hepatic failure [30] and improved hepatic steatosis [22]. On the other hand, blockage of IL-22 bioactivity increased liver injury [20] and was associated with decreased hepatocyte proliferation following hepatectomy [31]. On the whole, with the exception of experimental hepatitis B virus infection [24], murine models largely suggest a tissue protective function of IL-22 in hepatic disorders.
The pathophysiological relevance and prognostic potential of serum IL-22 in patients with liver diseases of various etiologies is less clear. The limited data available suggest increased serum IL-22 in patients with acute HBV infection [24] and in patients with chronic hepatitis [23], respectively. This latter study also links hepatocarcinogenesis to IL-22 function. IL-22 may be particularly important for outcome of liver cirrhosis. To relate systemic IL-22 to the prognosis of clinical liver cirrhosis, we performed a prospective cohort study in which patients with advanced liver cirrhosis were consecutively enrolled and longitudinally followed. Our data show that, compared to healthy donors, IL-22 serum levels were significantly elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis. Furthermore, elevated IL-22 levels were associated with liver-related complications, such as ascites, hepatorenal syndrome and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. These observations altogether indicate that high IL-22 serum levels may reflect the severity of liver disease.
IL-22 sera contents in healthy donors were, for the most part, barely detectable and set the basis for calculation of a reference range. This reference range defined levels below 18 pg/ml as being normal (ULN), which agrees with previous reports on IL-22 in sera of healthy donors obtained in the US and Europe [6,9,27,32]. According to this threshold, 47.5% of patients with liver cirrhosis showed elevated IL-22 serum concentrations. Follow-up analyses of serum IL-22 levels in patients with liver cirrhosis suggest that mean IL-22 levels increase during the course of liver disease. The majority of patients with elevated IL-22 baseline levels maintain elevated levels during follow-up, while more than half of patients with normal IL-22 serum levels at baseline develop increased levels during follow-up. These results indicate that IL-22 elevation is not a transient phenomenon in patients with liver cirrhosis. The mechanisms mediating this IL-22 increase in the patients are not yet clear. However, it can be assumed that increasing IL-22 levels are connected with increased cytokine production as well as reduced hepatic or renal elimination.
Up-regulation of IL-22 might be associated with the underlying etiology of liver cirrhosis. In the present study, however, we observed no difference in the IL-22 levels in sera from patients with prevalent etiologies of liver disease, that is, HBV, HCV and alcoholic liver cirrhosis. In the course of this study, hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in two patients with detectable IL-22. This observation is in line with elevated systemic IL-22 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma [23].
Advanced liver cirrhosis is associated with poor prognosis. Accordingly, prediction of hepatic deterioration is key to efficient management of the clinical disease. In the present study, approximately one quarter of patients died after one year due to hepatic deterioration. The primary goal of this study was to investigate whether serum IL-22 relates to survival of patients with liver cirrhosis. In fact, serum IL-22 was significantly associated with survival. However, patients with elevated serum IL-22 (>18 pg/ml) levels showed reduced survival compared to those patients with normal IL-22 levels indicating that processes leading to deterioration of liver cirrhosis and its sequelae come along with an increase of serum IL-22. With respect to the hepatoprotective effects of IL-22 in animal models, we assume that elevated IL-22 serum levels in liver cirrhosis still serve protective functions. However, it cannot be excluded that IL-22 beyond a certain threshold may be pathogenic.
The best currently evaluated prognosis score for patients with liver cirrhosis is the MELD score. Systemic IL-22 levels in patients with liver cirrhosis significantly correlated with the MELD score, substantiating that IL-22 is associated with deterioration of liver function and subsequent mortality of cirrhotic patients. The MELD score is a short-term (three- to six-month) predictor of survival in patients with end-stage liver disease, but is a weak predictor of survival in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis in the long term. In multivariate analysis, systemic IL-22 was (independently from age, presence of liver-related complications, elevated creatinine, high CRP and high MELD score) associated with long-term mortality. Taking into account that IL-22 serum levels were stably increased in the majority of patients in the course of liver cirrhosis, the IL-22 serum level may be a valuable prognostic marker for long-term survival of patients with advanced liver cirrhosis.
The MELD score includes three blood surrogate parameters addressing different aspects of liver deterioration. INR and bilirubin reflect liver synthetic capacity and excretory function, while creatinine indicates renal decompensation due to hepatic failure. IL-22 serum levels correlated with two parameters of the MELD score, that is, creatinine and INR. Furthermore, weak inverse correlations were observed between systemic IL-22 and serum albumin and ALT. The weak but significant inverse correlation between the ALT level and IL-22 serum level must be carefully interpreted, but may indicate that IL-22 has a hepatoprotective function in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis.
IL-22 also correlated with CRP, a well-established surrogate marker of hepatic inflammation and prognosis of liver cirrhosis [28]. CRP and creatinine were both associated with serum IL-22, further suggesting that enhanced systemic IL-22 is driven by hepatic inflammation along with renal deterioration. Whether IL-22 bioactivity likewise contributes to renal deterioration is unknown
In contrast to the surrogate parameters currently used for the assessment of the prognosis of liver cirrhosis, IL-22 likely plays an active role in liver inflammation, regeneration and carcinogenesis [20,22,30,31]. Of particular interest is the association among serum IL-22, CRP and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, indicating that IL-22 production is augmented by the infection. In fact, previous studies showed up-regulation of the systemic IL-22 level in patients with abdominal sepsis [9].
Conclusions
We demonstrate herein that elevated systemic IL-22 levels are predictive for reduced survival in patients with liver cirrhosis independent of age, presence of liver-related complications, CRP, creatinine and the MELD score. Our data indicate that processes in the liver that lead to deterioration of liver cirrhosis and its sequelae are associated with an increase of IL-22. Overproduction of IL-22 in liver cirrhosis may serve protective functions as indicated by murine models of disease; however, IL-22 beyond a certain threshold may also be pathogenic.
Abbreviations
AC: alcoholic cirrhosis; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; AUC: area under the observed receiver operating curve; CRP: C-reactive protein; HBV: chronic hepatitis B virus; HCV: chronic hepatitis C virus; HRS: hepatorenal syndrome; IL-22: interleukin-22; INR: international normalized ratio; MELD: model of end stage liver disease; NK: natural killer; NO: nitric oxide; ULN: upper limit of normal
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
BK, AP and HM initiated and conceived the study, analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. IR and MB performed the immunoassays and were involved in drafting the manuscript. FB and LK collected the data and blood samples and were involved in planning the study. NF, OW and EH participated in the design of the study and performed statistical analyses. JP and SZ were involved in study design, analysis of the data and critical revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Authors' information
BK, OW and SZ are specialists in hepatology with a main focus on viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver transplantation. JP, AP and HM are scientists with a focus on signal transduction and cytokine biology. MB is a staff scientist. NF and EH are mathematicians and statisticians with a special interest in mathematical modeling. FB, LK and IR are doctoral students.
Acknowledgements
We thank Yolanda Martinez for her excellent technical assistance. This study was supported by the clinical research unit KFO 129, GRK 1172 Biologicals funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), and by the Scolari Stiftung.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/10/102/prepub
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You are here: Home / Multimedia centre / Green tip - the tree
Green tip - the tree
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European Environment Agency (EEA)
Kongens Nytorv 6
1050 Copenhagen K
Denmark
Phone: +45 3336 7100
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You are here: Home / Environmental topics / Water / Water management
Water management — overview
Last modified : Feb 18, 2008 12:35 PM
The pollution and deterioration of our environment and our waters have been of concern for decades and still are.
Water ecosystems are vulnerable to various pressures caused by human activities. This has been recognised by many countries, and several pieces of EU and Member State legislation have been adopted to protect our waters.
The most important legislation in Europe for the protection of our waters is the Water Framework Directive (WFD). It sets up a new legislative approach setting very ambitious objectives for the quality and protection of our waters, and relies on a river basin approach for water management. There are four other pieces of EU water legislation that will remain in place with the WFD: the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive, the Bathing Water Directive, the Nitrates Directive and the Drinking Water Directive.
More detailed information on the different pieces of water legislation (and related policies) in the European Community can be obtained from: Water legislation and related policies in the European Community
The following pages describe:
European Environment Agency (EEA)
Kongens Nytorv 6
1050 Copenhagen K
Denmark
Phone: +45 3336 7100
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Cheatham County, Tennessee GenealogyEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
United States Tennessee Tennessee Genealogy Cheatham County Genealogy
Has anyone studied my Cheatham County, Tennessee family before?
Message boards and online family trees can help you learn if someone is actively researching your ancestors. More than # books or articles have been published about Cheatham County's families. Descendants of some historic residents have had their DNA tested.
Main article: Cheatham County, Tennessee
General
As of November 2010, a query for individuals born in Cheatham (County), Tennessee at World Connect, results in more than # entries.
References
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Northwest Territories Online Genealogy RecordsEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
Canada Northwest Territories Online Records
Northwest Territories Online Databases
These are genealogy links to the Northwest Territories online databases to assist in researching your family history. This Online Collection has links to online databases and indexes that may include birth records, marriage records, death records, biographies, cemeteries, censuses, histories, immigration records, land records, maps, military records, naturalizations, native races, newspapers, obituaries, or probate records.
Vital Records
Births
Marriages
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Archives
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• This page was last modified on 6 March 2013, at 05:02.
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Changes related to "Louisiana Cemeteries"
From FamilySearch Wiki
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Talk:Massac County, IllinoisEdit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
We have reviewed this article for a Featured Article on the Wiki. The content is significant, but we have found links without any content and the table of civil records that are not linked internally. We encourage you to add information to make it complete and fix the links. Thank you for getting off to a great start on this county.
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• This page was last modified on 22 August 2012, at 14:48.
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Changes related to "Samoa"
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Samoa
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Heaven's Drive
From generasia
Revision as of 02:55, 26 June 2011 by Aisasami (Talk | contribs)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
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CD Art
Artist
L'Arc~en~Ciel
Single
HEAVEN'S DRIVE
Released
1999.04.21
Catalog Number
KSC2-280
Price
¥1,020
Tracklist
1. HEAVEN'S DRIVE
2. metropolis ~android goes to sleep mix~
Information
"HEAVEN'S DRIVE" is L'Arc~en~Ciel's 15th single. It reached #1 on the weekly Oricon charts and charted for 12 weeks. It sold 1,123,580 copies, becoming the #9 single of 1999.
Song Information
Lyrics
hyde
Music
hyde
Other Information
Arrangement: L'Arc~en~Ciel & Okano Hajime
Keyboard & Programing: Okano Hajime, Saito Hitoshi
Tambourine: ken
Tennor Sax: Yukarie
Baritone Sax: Smily
Trumpet: Tada Gyo, Hirata Naoki
Chorus: hyde
External Links
Personal tools
Namespaces
Variants
Actions
NAVIGATION
Toolbox
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The Exchange
From Grand Theft Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
For the mission in GTA III, see The Exchange (GTA III). For the mission in GTA Vice City Stories, see The Exchange (GTA VCS).
The Exchange at night, as viewed to the north from over neighboring Castle Gardens.
The Exchange is a neighborhood in southern Algonquin, Liberty City in Grand Theft Auto IV and Grand Theft Auto: Chinatown Wars. It borders City Hall and Chinatown to the north by Calcium Street, Fishmarket South to the east by Albany Avenue, Barium Street and Union Drive East, Castle Gardens to the south by the South Parkway and Castle Garden City to the west by Union Drive West.
Contents
Character
The Exchange occupies nearly all built-up areas of lower Algonquin, and serves as Liberty City's historical downtown area. The area is characterized by multiple narrow streets lined with towering skyscrapers, most likely office buildings, a handful of cobblestone roads visible in portions of the city, and few green spaces. In comparison to midtown Algonquin, the Exchange's commercial occupants are presumed to lean towards more conservative corporate organizations and big business, and as a result the district is commonly depicted with pedestrians donning suits and other formal attires.
Points of interest
Like much of Algonquin south of Topaz Street, Exchange is intended to lay host to a number of high-class organizations and retail outlets. In gameplay, however, the area boasts only one of two Perseus clothing stores in the city, as well as housing the offices of Goldberg, Ligner & Shyster. A non-interactive Al Dente's restaurant is also based in The Exchange.
Influences
The Exchange is evidently the in-game equivalent of Manhattan's Financial District in New York City. In comparison to other districts in Algonquin, however, the Exchange's design in detail is less adherent to that of its real-life counterpart. While developers of the game have taken artistic liberties when designing and creating some of the district's buildings, elements of buildings from Manhattan's Financial District may still be visible if inspected in detail.
Buildings in the Financial District that serve as inspirations for buildings in the Exchange include:
• The New York Stock Exchange building. The in-game rendition is, in fact, a solitary structure when the NYSE building is a wall-to-wall building. The facade is also significantly toned down and modeled differently, although the general profile of the game's rendition bears a resemblance to the NYSE building.
• 17 Battery Place (Whitehall Building). GTA IV's rendition appears to only incorporate the top most facade of Greater Whitehall (the taller building) and repeat the facade for much of the surface of both the game's smaller and larger buildings. In addition, the open archway adjoined to both the original Whitehall Building and Greater Whitehall is included in the game's rendition.
• 55 Broad Street. The top tier of the building is significantly shorten in the on-game rendition, and shares a similar black marble-clad base as 80 Pine Street, just across the street from 55 Broad Street.
• 104-124 Broadway (Equitable Building). 69 Exchange, at the northwest border with City Hall and Chinatown, is an adapted reproduction of the building, with similar but toned down setbacks on the facade on three sides of the building facing streets. As a result, 69 Exchange's tower does not follow the Equitable Building's "H" design, but one more like the letter "K". The building is further reused and placed in the eastern edge of Star Junction (with a "Brawls: Liberty City" frontage).
• 17 State Street [2]. In comparison to its real-life inspiration, the game's rendition appears to feature additions on the facade and a less smoother profile.
• One Wall Street. The GTA IV rendition appears to be similar to the building only by its facade design (as the game's rendition is not a tower, unlike One Wall Street) Even so, the game's rendition has a completely rearranged facade design, but certain features may still be easily indentified, such as vaulted and pointed windows, and limestone walls. Being adjoined to the 77 Water Street look-alike (see below), Tom Goldberg's office at Goldberg, Ligner & Shyster appear to extend into the One Wall Street replica, as evidenced by the position of his office room's windows.
• 23 Wall Street, which in-game rendition is featured twice in two locations. One, located in the inner areas of the district, is significantly redesigned to fit into a lot where one side is curved. While the real-life building stands on its own, the in-game renditions serve as foundations for taller skyscrapers.
• 40 Wall Street [3]. The game's rendition shares a similar facade design as part of 40 Wall Street, and is somewhat similar in terms of structural design, with a crowned roof topped with a pinnacle. However, the building's design is somewhat simplified. The design of the upper tower in the game deviates by featuring additional extended layers towards the top, and the roof is shallower than its real-life counterpart. These could be attributed by height issues in game.
• Downtown Athletic Club [4] (20 West Street (formerly 19)) and the adjoining 21 West Street. The game's rendition of 20 West lacks its majestic Art Deco grand entrance, instead opting for a more generic base design based on 20 West's rear. The base of the building contains an Al Dente's restaurant.
Transportation
The Liberty City Subway has a station, Castle Gardens, along the neighborhood's southern border. The stop is served at all times by the Algonquin Outer Line.
Gallery
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The Great Short Fiction of Alfred Bester - Series Bibliography
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ISFDB Record Number: 26123
Bibliographic Comments: Add new Series comment
Copyright (c) 1995-2011 Al von Ruff.
ISFDB Engine - Version 4.00 (04/24/06)
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IGEM:Caltech/2007/Project Overview
From OpenWetWare
< IGEM:Caltech | 2007
Revision as of 22:59, 20 June 2007 by Josh K. Michener (Talk | contribs)
(diff) ←Older revision | Current revision (diff) | Newer revision→ (diff)
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System Overview: The Virus Smart Bomb
Our goal was to make lambda phage specifically target certain E.coli cells—in effect, to make the phage into a “Smart Bomb” that knows which cells to lyse.
Three proteins affect this decision:
1. N antiterminator (lytic vs. nothing)
2. Q antiterminator (lytic vs. lysogenic)
3. Cro repressor (lytic vs. lysogenic)
Our plan was to knock-out the genes for these proteins (one at a time) and add them back under our own regulation with the use of a riboregulator. To do this, there are three subparts of the project which would be stepping stones to achieving this goal:
1. Recombineering into λ-zap: In order to make a riboregulated gene, the wild-type gene must be mutated in the phage and the riboregulated gene must be integrated into the phage genome.
2. Cloning N, Q, and Cro to add them back under our own regulation: In order to regulate the system with each protein, we have to figure out how much N, Q, or Cro is needed to have the E.coli cells switch from mostly lytic to mostly lysogenic.
3. Riboregulator Engineering: The riboregulator will be the actual regulator of the system which determines what ultimately happens to the cells. In order to integrate the riboregulator into the system, an ideal, workable regulator must be engineered into the system so that the appropriate amount of protein (N, Q, or Cro) is produced or repressed.
Personal tools
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Artsakh state ensemble gives concerts in France
PanARMENIAN.Net - The state dance ensemble of the Nagorno Karabakh Republic will participate in the Festival of the Ethnographic Dance in the Castle Gombert in Marseille to take place July 6-14.
On July 2, the dance ensemble appeared on stage in Valence. The event also included presentation of the book titled “Artsakh: the Garden of the Armenian Traditions and Art” and dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the independence of Artsakh. Historian Claud Mutafian and the NKR Permanent Representative to France Hovhaness Gevorgyan delivered speeches introducing the rich cultural heritage of Artaskh. Mayor of Valence Alain Maurice, who was present at the event, expressed confidence that the Azerbaijani-Karabakh conflict can only be settled through peaceful dialogue and on the basis of the right of nations to self-determination.
The event was organized by the Coordination Committee of Armenian Associations in France (CCAF) and on the initiative of the NKR Permanent Representative to France Hovhaness Gevorgyan.
On July 3, the ensemble performed in Villeurbanne.
The official representatives of the local government and the Armenian community, as well as journalists attended the event. The next performance will take place in Aix–en-Provence, which is to become a sister city to Stepanakert.
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The jewels were to be loaned to celebrities who have arrived on the French Riviera town for its famous annual film festival.
The list of the finalists also includes Hungary, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Romania, Norway, Iceland, Finland and others.
Set in the gritty blue-collar neighborhood of God’s Pocket, story follows a man stuck with a debt he can't pay.
"Catching Fire" follows Katniss and fellow Hunger Games victor Peeta as they embark on a "Victor's Tour" throughout 12 districts of Panem.
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Media watchdog says Iran tries to cow journalists into silence
PanARMENIAN.Net - A leading media watchdog has accused Iran of trying to cow journalists into silence and self-censorship, adding to international pressure on Tehran over its treatment of activists and the press, according to Reuters.
The New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) said Tehran, which is facing tough international economic sanctions over its nuclear program, was also trying to restrict internet access.
"The situation for independent journalists is Iran is worsening by the day," CPJ Deputy Director Rob Mahoney said in a statement on Wednesday, Oct 3.
"High-profile persecutions and imprisonments are an attempt by the authorities to intimidate the media into silence and self-censorship. The international community must speak out against such actions."
The United Nations human rights office called on Tuesday for the immediate release of prominent activists and journalists arrested or intimidated in what it called an apparent clampdown on critical voices ahead of next year's presidential election.
The CPJ expressed concern about Ali Akbar Javanfekr, press adviser to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and head of the state-run IRNA news agency, who was jailed for six months for insulting the Supreme Leader and Reuters Bureau Chief Parisa Hafezi on trial on charges of spreading lies and propaganda.
In citing a series of arrests of print journalists, it said Iranian authorities had maintained a 'revolving-door' policy, freeing some temporarily as they took others into custody.
In March, the Iranian government suspended the press accreditation of all Reuters staff in Tehran after publication of a video script on women's martial arts training that erroneously referred to the athletes as "assassins". Since then, Reuters has been unable to report from Iran.
Reuters, the news arm of Thomson Reuters, the global news and information group, corrected the script after the martial arts club complained and apologized for the error.
Reuters' Bureau Chief in Iran, Iranian national Parisa Hafezi, was subsequently charged on several counts including spreading lies and propaganda against the establishment. Hafezi had not been involved in drafting the video script.
An Iranian jury voted on Sunday to convict the Reuters news organization over the video script. A final decision will be made by a judge, expected to issue his verdict this month.
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Blog Feedback & Suggestions Forum
Dec 16, 2005 • 9:46 am | (0) by | Filed Under Blog Administration
I just wanted to notify all the blog readers that due to our new forum, we now have a devoted forum for Blog Feedback & Suggestions. If you have suggestions, problems, issues with ads, and so on - just register and post a thread. It will better help me understand the needs here and address them.
That also goes for changing the writing style, the topics I cover and the guest author's posting frequency.
So if you want more SEO advice, let me know. If you want more cool finds, let me know. If you want more news, let me know.
The Blog Feedback & Suggestions Forum is the perfect place for that. Of course you can still email me or leave a comment in this entries or other entries.
Previous story: Google Paranoia Thread: Share & Heal
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Person:Thomas Poage (1)
Watchers
Thomas Poage
d.Bef. 24 January 1803 Augusta County, Virginia
m. MAR 1721/22
1. John Poage1726 - 1789
2. Martha Poagebef 1727 - 1818
3. Robert Poage1730 - bef 1788
4. Elizabeth Poage1733 - 1791
5. George Poage1734 - 1787
6. William PoageAbt 1735 - 1778
7. Margaret PoageBET 1737 AND 1738 - 1833
8. Thomas Poage1739 - Bef 1803
m. 27 APR 1762
1. Elizabeth Poage1763 - 1837
2. Elijah PoageAbt 1767 - 1817
3. Robert PoageAbt 1769 -
4. John Poage1771 - 1853
5. Ann PoageAbt 1774 - 1856
6. Mary 'Polly' Poage1777 - 1817
7. Agnes PoageAbt 1778 - 1804
8. William Poage1781 - 1855
Facts and Events
Name Thomas Poage
Gender Male
Birth? 1739 Augusta County, Virginia
Alt Birth? 1739
Alt Birth? 1739 Prob. Augusta County, Virginia
Baptism[1] 1 NOV 1740 Tinkling Spring Church, Augusta County, Virginia
Marriage 27 APR 1762 Augusta County, Virginiato Mary 'Polly' McClanahan
Death? Bef. 24 January 1803 Augusta County, Virginia
Thomas Poage was one of the Early Settlers of Augusta County, Virginia
Contents
Welcome to
Old Augusta
Early Settlers
Register
Data
Maps
Places
Library
History
Index
The Tapestry
Families Old Chester OldAugusta Germanna
New River SWVP Cumberland Carolina Cradle
The Smokies Old Kentucky
__________________________
Early Land Acquisition in Augusta County, VA
Acquisition of Land from Chalkley's:
Thomas Poage's land (Beverley Manor NE, 262 acres sold to Thomas by his father, Robert Poage) as shown on the map meticulously drawn by J.R. Hildebrand, cartographer. This map is copyrighted©, used by permission of John Hildebrand, son of J.R. Hildebrand, April, 2009.
Acquisition of Land from Chalkley's:
• Page 144.--16th August, 1759. Robt. Poage (Poock) to his son, Thos. Poage, £5, 262 acres, part of 772 acres in Beverley Manor where Robert now lives; John Poage's line; corner Williams, joining Lewis; corner Wm. Lewis; Wm. Poage's line. Teste: Francis Brown, Jno. Anderson. Delivered: Jno. Poage, 27th October, 1762.
Will of Thomas Poage
From Chalkley's Augusta County, Virginia Court Records:
Page 257 - - 22nd November, 1802. Thomas Poage's will - - To daughter, Elizabeth; son, Elijah; son, Robert; to son, John; daughter, Ann; daughter, Polly; son, William; to daughter, Agness (single). Executors, son William and John Poage, Sr. Teste: Robert Campbell, John Kerr, Moses Gresham. Proved, 24th January, 1803. Executors qualify.
Records of Thomas Poage in Augusta County, VA
From Chalkley's:
• Page 75.--21st May, 1755. Ephraim Love to Wm. Hopkin, £50, 258 acres, part of 307 acres patented to Jacob Dye, 21st June, 1748, and sold by Dye to Love; corner said Love. Delivered: Thomas Poage, April, 1780.
• Page 147.--16th August, 1759. Robt. Poage to Wm. Poage, £5, 205 acres, part of 772 acres in Beverley Manor as above; corner John Poage; corner Thos. Poage.
• Page 72.--16th November, 1762. William Poage and Ann to John Poage, £100, 205 acres, part of 772 acres surveyed for Robert Poage, Sr., in Beverley Manor where said Poage lives; line of Wallaces land, cor. said John Poages land; cor. Thomas Poages land.
• Page 491.--25th February, 1764. Robert Rodgers to John Johnson. £20, 62 acres on Middle River of Shanandoe, alias Cathey's River, part of 540 acres in Beverley Manor, originally surveyed for Nathan McClure and conveyed by Beverley to George Rodgers and by George to his son Robert, September, 1763. Teste: Robert, John and Thomas Poage. Delivered: Wm. Johnston, September, 1765.
• Page 337.--7th October, 1765. James Lockridgt, of Long Cove Settlement, Granville County, South Carolina, planter, to John Poage, power attorney to make conveyance, p. 322. supra. Teste: Robert Anderson, Thomas Poage. Acknowledged by James before Pat. Calhoun, J. P.
• Page 448.--15th October, 1765. Alex. Craighead and Jeane ( ), of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina (paster), to Archibald Alexander, power attorney to convey a tract of land containing by survey 310 acres. Teste: Pat. Calhoun, John and Thomas Poage. (Name signed Cragehead.)
• Page 513.--7th January, 1767. Jacob Goodpasture's estate appraised, by Thomas Poage, Daniel Dennison, Wm. Wallace.
• Page 513.--22d August, 1767. Peter Hog, attorney at law, to Gabriel Jones, gentleman, £150, on Paage's (Poage's ?) Run, between Thomas and John Poage and Daniel Denniston, being part of tract formerly in possession of Robert Poage and by him granted to John Poage, 1750, and by John conveyed to Peter, 1761, whereon said Peter Hog now dwells, containing 350 acres. Mortgage.
• Page 361.-- November, 1770. George Rodgers' estate, settlement recorded--1769, 23d March, cash paid Thomas Smith for Coffin; cash paid Thomas Poage for flour and butter at the funeral; 1768, 30th June, cash paid Robert Philips for hunting horses; 1768, 10th October, cash paid Hugh Johnston for the corps, cash paid Robert Hartgrove for warning to the funeral; 1769, October, cash paid Owen Sullivan for drawing this account; cash paid for washing, fire, candles, and attendance the corps two days and a night; cash paid Caleb Foulke's bond; cash paid Saml. Hudson's bond; cash paid Andrew Tybout's bond; cash paid Dr. John Watkins; 1768, 16th November, cash received of Benj. Early, James Lessley's wife, ditto Philip Harly.
• Page 308.--2nd May, 1774. John Griffen, silversmith, and Elizabeth, to Alexander Sinclair, merchant, lot 12 in Staunton. Teste: Thomas Jones, Samuel Bell, Thomas Poage.
• Page 60.--14th August, 1775. Thomas Hogshead's estate appraised by Joseph Bell, John Patterson, Thomas Poage.
• Page 216.--20th 8ber, 1773. Robert Poack's will--To sons, John and Thomas, "My real estate, 260 acres, lying upon a branch of Linvel's Creek; to daughter, Martha Woods, 1 pistole; to sons, Robert, George, and William, 1 pistole; to daughters, Elizabeth Crawford, Margaret Robertson, 1 pistole. Executors, William Lewis and son John Poage. Teste: John Craig, Isabella Helena Craig, Charles Baskin. Proved, 16th March, 1774, by John Craig, Clerk, and Baskins. (No administration order.) (Note: Robert Poage was the father of this Thomas Poage).
• Page 226.--3d May, 1790. Inquest upon body of a man found in a field of Maj. Andrew Anderson. Verdict: Is the body of John Peck, son of Andrew Peck, aged between sixteen and seventeen; died by hand of God-- Robert Kenney, Andrew Anderson, James Allen, Jr., Alex. Reed, John Crawford, Thomas Poage, Jr., Jas. Kerr, Jas. Cochran, Thos. Frame, Wm. Crawford, John Campbell, John Gamble. Held in consequence of an order from me in absence of Coroner.--David Stephenson.
• Page 463.--20th February, 1792. Robert Armstrong to Richard Mathews to prosecute a chancery suit in county court against John and Thomas Poage, executors of John Poage, deceased, who was executor with Robert of John Archer.
• Vol. 3 - (abt. 1793) - Page 145.--Patent to James Givens 30th August, 1743. Delivered: Jno. Poage, son of Thos. Poage, 17th January, 1793.
• Page 84.--1st October, 1793. Thos. Poage's will, Jr.--To wife, Jean, 1/2 mill plantation on Falling Spring, which 1/2 was willed to testator by his father; to brother, John. Executors, Rev. John Campbell and brother, John Poage. Teste: Alex. Humphreys, Richard Trother (Strother?), Philip Sholl. Proved, January Court, 1794, by Stother and Sholl. Executors qualify; 3d October, 1793, John Poage, legatee above, relinquishes to widow Jean all claim under the will to any property which came to Thomas through the widow Jean, who was Jane Watkins. (Note: this was the will of Thomas Poage, Jr.).
• Page 86.--9th November, 1793. Mary Poage's will--To son, John; to daughter, Elizabeth Hoge; to daughter, Ann Kinkaid. Executors, friend Thos. Poage and son John Poage. Teste: Thos. Poage, Margaret Allen, Polly Poage, Philip Sholl. Proved, January Court, 1794, by Thos. Poage (who refuses to act as administrator) and Sholl. Jno. Poage qualifies.
• Page 152.--15th March, 1794. Thomas Poage, Jr.'s, estate appraised in Charlotte County by Richard Ganes, Jr., Wm. Penticost, Thos. Rice; 16th June, 1794, appraised in Rockbridge County by William Graham, William McKee, William Lyle.
• Page 370.--26th March, 1804. Agness Poage's will--Father, Thomas Poage, land bequeathed to her by him; to Elizabeth and Thomas Poage, infant children of brother Robt. Poage, of Fayette County, Ky.; brother Elijah Poage to be trustee; to 3 sisters, Elizabeth Wilson, Anne Wood, Polly Wilson; to niece, Nancy Wilson, daughter to Rev. Wm. Willson; to brother, John Poage, of Rockbridge; brother, Elijah, of Kentucky; to brother, William; to my four brothers. Executors, brothers John and William Poage. Teste: John and Rebecca Poage. Proved, 25th June, 1804. Executors qualify.
References
1. Wilson, Howard McKnight. The Tinkling Spring, Headwater of Freedom. (Privatetly published by The Tinkiling Spring and Hermitage Presbyterian Churches, pub. Fishersville, Virginia), pg. 480.
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Place:Bridgeport, Wise, Texas, United States
Watchers
NameBridgeport
TypeCity
Coordinates33.21°N 97.761°W
Located inWise, Texas, United States
Contained Places
Cemetery
West Bridgeport Cemetery
source: Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Bridgeport is a city in Wise County, Texas, United States. The population was 5,976 at the 2010 census.
History
the text in this section is copied from an article in Wikipedia
Bridgeport's history began in February 1860 when William H. Hunt was granted a charter from the West Fork Bridge Company to build a bridge across the West Fork of the Trinity River. The bridge was located approximately one mile southwest of the present townsite. A Texas State Historical Marker alongside Farm To Market Road 920 denotes the spot of the original bridge today .
The wooden bridge was used for a portion of the Butterfield Overland Mail stage route. After the American Civil War began, the mail route was no longer used and the original wooden bridge was abandoned.
In 1873 a new iron bridge was built and a post office established, thus formally creating the city of Bridgeport, TX. Its future was assured in 1882 when Charles Cates discovered a vein of bituminous coal while drilling for water. The Wise County Coal Company was formed and was a leading producer of coal for the state until competition from natural gas and petroleum closed the coal mines in 1929.
In 1893 the Rock Island Railroad established a line east of the town, so the town moved approximately one mile east to its present site. In 1913 the town was incorporated. Gas and Oil production became a local industry prior to 1917. The 1920s census showed a town of 1,872. During the 1920s, limestone quarries that produced aggregate for road construction and a brick factory were established. In 1931, a dam was constructed approximately three miles west of town on the West Fork of the Trinity River, creating Lake Bridgeport. The lake was a local center for recreation and remains so today.
During the latter half of the 20th century, Bridgeport's oil, gas, and limestone indurstries continued to flourish and the town became the second largest town in Wise County. These industries continue to be the local economic leaders.
Research Tips
This page uses content from the English Wikipedia. The original content was at Bridgeport, Texas. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with WeRelate, the content of Wikipedia is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.
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Ccaat-enhancer-binding proteins
Jump to: navigation, search
CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins are a family of transcription factors that are composed of six members C/EBP α to C/EBP ζ. These proteins interact with the CCAAT box motif which is present in several genes promoters. They are characterized by a highly conserved basic-leucine zipper (bZIP) domain at the C-terminus. This domain is involved in dimerization and DNA binding like other transcription factors of the leucine zipper family like c-Fos and Jun. C/EBPs bZIP domain structure is composed of an α-helix that forms a coiled coil structure when it dimerizes. The different members of C/EBP family can form homodimers, heterodimers with another form of the C/EBPs and with other transcription factors that contain or not the leucine zipper domain. The dimerization is requested for the activity of C/EBPs to bind specifically to DNA through a palindromic sequence in the major groove of the DNA. The C/EBP proteins also contain activation domains at the N-terminus and regulatory domains.
These proteins are found in hepatocytes, adipocytes, hematopoietic cells, spleen, kidney, brain and many others organs. C/EBPs proteins are involved in different cellular responses like in the control of cellular proliferation, growth and differentiation, metabolism, immunology and many others. All the members of the C/EBPs family, except C/EBPγ, can induce transcription, through their activation domains, by interacting with components of the basal transcription apparatus. Their expression is regulated at multiple levels through hormones, mitogens, cytokines, nutrients, etc.
The C/EBPα, -β, -γ and -δ genes are intronless and C/EBPε and -ζ have respectively two and four exons that lead in the case of C/EBP ε to four isoforms due to an alternative use of promoters and splicing. For C/EBPα and -β, different sizes of polypeptides can be produced by alternative use of initiation codons due to a weak ribosome scanning mechanisms. The mRNA of C/EBPα can lead to two polypeptides and for C/EBPβ three different polypeptides are made: LAP* (38 kDa), LAP (35 kDa) and LIP (20 kDa). The most translated isoform is LAP, then LAP* and LIP; the latter can act as an inhibitor of the other C/EBPs by forming non-functional heterodimers.
This protein is expressed in the mammalian nervous system and has many implications in the nerve cells. C/EBPβ plays a role in neuronal differentiation, in learning and memory process, glial or neuronal cell functions and neurotrophic factory expression.
The regulation of C/EBPβ is exerted in many manners, phosphorylation, acetylation, activation and repression via others transcription factors, oncogenic elements or chemokines, autoregulation, etc. C/EBPβ can interact with different proteins like CREB, NF-κB and others that lead to a trans-activation potential. Or phosphorylation can have an activation or a repression effect. For example, phosphorylation of the Thr 235 in human or of the Thr 188 in mouse and rat is important for its trans-activation capacity or phosphorylation(s) in its regulatory domain modulate its function.
References
• Ramji, D. P. & Foka P., CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins: structure, function and regulation, Biochem. J. 365:561-575 (2002).
External links
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Pia mater
Jump to: navigation, search
Pia mater
Diagrammatic transverse section of the medulla spinalis and its membranes. (At border, dura mater is black line, arachnoid mater is blue line, and pia mater is red line.)
The medulla spinalis and its membranes.
Gray's subject #193 878
MeSH Pia+Mater
The pia mater (Latin: "tender mother", itself a translation from Arabic) is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges - the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
The thin, mesh-like pia mater closely envelops the entire surface of the brain, running down into the fissures of the cortex. It joins with the ependyma which lines the ventricles to form choroid plexuses that produce cerebrospinal fluid.
In the spinal cord, the Pia mater attaches to the Dura mater by the denticular ligaments through the arachnoid membrane.
The pia mater is a neural crest derivative.
Additional images
it:Pia madre
nl:Zachte hersenvliessv:Pia mater
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Wrapping Up DIDW
One of the things that distinguishes a great conference from a good one for me is that I not only learn new things, but I'm inspired with new ideas. Occasionally I come away from a conference with lots of new ideas, having met lots of new, interesting people, and having deepened friendships with people I already knew. That happened at DIDW this year and that's what will keep me coming back. Phil and Eric hit the nail on the head this year. I'm headed out to the airport, sorry I'll miss Doc's closing keynote, but glad I came.
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Connexions
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You are here: Home » Content » Kirchhoff's Laws
About: Kirchhoff's Laws
Module by: Don Johnson. E-mail the author
View the content: Kirchhoff's Laws
Metadata
Name: Kirchhoff's Laws
ID: m0015
Language: English (en)
Summary: A brief description of Kirchhoff's Laws (current and voltage)
Subject: Science and Technology
Keywords: circuit, KCL, Kirchhoff, KVL
License: Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 1.0
Authors: Don Johnson (dhj@rice.edu)
Copyright Holders: Don Johnson (dhj@rice.edu)
Maintainers: Don Johnson (dhj@rice.edu), Roy Ha (rha@alumni.rice.edu)
Latest version: 2.9 (history)
First publication date: Jul 11, 2000 12:00 am -0500
Last revision to module: Oct 19, 2009 2:51 pm -0500
Downloads
PDF: m0015_2.9.pdf PDF file, for viewing content offline and printing. Learn more.
EPUB: m0015_2.9.epub Electronic publication file, for viewing in handheld devices. Learn more.
XML: m0015_2.9.cnxml XML that defines the structure and contents of the module, minus any included media files. Can be reimported in the editing interface. Learn more.
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Version History
Version: 2.9 Oct 19, 2009 2:51 pm -0500 by Don Johnson
Changes:
Fixed the spelling of Kirchhoff.
Version: 2.8 Jun 4, 2009 11:33 am -0500 by Connexions
Changes:
Modified markup for explicit .eps image reference
Version: 2.7 Aug 10, 2004 8:16 am -0500 by Elizabeth Gregory
Changes:
Updated to CNXML 0.5
Version: 2.6 Jul 8, 2002 12:00 am -0500 by (Unknown)
Changes:
NOTE: UNUSED MODULE. CONTENT IS LOCATED IN MODULE 0014. NO CHANGES MADE.
Version: 2.5 Sep 11, 2001 12:00 am -0500 by Brent Hendricks
Changes:
Converted to CNXML 0.3.5
Version: 2.4 Aug 16, 2001 12:00 am -0500 by (Unknown)
Changes:
- Added eps file
Version: 2.3 May 31, 2001 12:00 am -0500 by (Unknown)
Changes:
Grammar correction
Version: 2.2 May 30, 2001 12:00 am -0500 by (Unknown)
Changes:
Updated abstract, fixed some grammar
Version: 2.1 May 29, 2001 12:00 am -0500 by (Unknown)
Changes:
Updated from cnxml ver 0.2 to ver 0.3
Version: 2.0 Apr 15, 2001 12:00 am -0500 by Brent Hendricks
Changes:
Bumped version to 2.0
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Don Johnson, "Kirchhoff's Laws," Connexions, October 19, 2009, http://cnx.org/content/m0015/2.9/.
Chicago Manual of Style (Reference, in Author-Date style):
Johnson, D. 2009. Kirchhoff's Laws. Connexions, October 19, 2009. http://cnx.org/content/m0015/2.9/.
Modern Languages Association (MLA) Style Manual:
Johnson, Don. Kirchhoff's Laws. Connexions. 19 Oct. 2009 <http://cnx.org/content/m0015/2.9/>.
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BeagleBoard/Marmita
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Marmita is a subset of the Angstrom distribution, oriented to enable DSP accelerated multimedia on OMAP based SoCs.
The DSP communication is through the DSP Bridge kernel driver.
Texas Instruments provides several multimedia algorithms for running in the DSP. More algorithms from 3rd party developers are expected (for example, Theora codec from Entropy Wave).
Marmita provides custom recipes for
Currently Marmita is very aligned with upstream, so it can't be consider as stable.
The long term objective is merge Marmita into the official Angstrom/OpenEmbedded distribution.
Resources
Gitorious page: http://gitorious.org/vjaquez-beagleboard/marmita
Demo images: http://people.igalia.com/vjaquez/beagle/
Mailing list:http://groups.google.com/group/marmita-list
Build
$ git clone git://gitorious.org/vjaquez-beagleboard/marmita.git
$ cd marmita
$ source ./marmita-init-build-env
$ bitbake base-marmita-image
Patching OpenEmbedded
In order to compile the available socket nodes, it is needed to patch your OE setup, which adds the needed dependencies to generate the DSP binaries: http://patchwork.openembedded.org/patch/1989/
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