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Which of the following enzyme is absent in Wolman's disease?
|
Ans. D. Acid lipase (Ref. H-17th/ pg. 2454; Table 355-1)WOLMAN'S DISEASE# It is a lysosomal storage disorder, that occurs due to acid lipase deficiency.# Features: increased LDL levels, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, adrenal calcification and death in infancy itself.Disorders of Neutral LipidsDisorderEnzyme Deficiency (Specific Therapy)Stored MaterialClinical Types (Onset)Inheri-tanceNeuro- logic featuresLiver Spleen Enlarge- mentSkeletal DysplasiaEyeHemato logicUnique featuresWolman diseaseAcid lysoso- mal Lipase (BMT)Choles- terol esters, triglyce ridesInfantileARMild mental retarda- tion+++NoneNoneNoneAdrenal calcifi- cationCholes- teryl ester storage diseaseAcid lysoso- mal lipaseCholes- teryl estersChild- hoodARNoneHepato- megalyNoneNoneNoneCirrhosisFarber diseaseAcid cerami daseCeramideInfantile JuvenileAROccasio- nal men- tal retar- dation+-NoneMacular degene- rationNoneArthropa thy, subcu- taneous nodulePompe disease (135)Acid -gluco sidase (ET)Glyco- genInfantile late onsetARNeuro- muscu- lar+-NoneNoneNoneMyocar- diopathy
| 4 |
Cholestrol ester hydrolase
|
Acid hydrolase
|
Acyl-CoA carnitine
|
Acid lipase
|
Biochemistry
|
Lipids
|
a83b48f3-485f-4afd-b9fd-6bcd8f39f37f
|
single
|
Breast is a -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Modified sweat gland o Breast is a modified sweat gland. It is the apocrine type of sweat gland.
| 2 |
Endocrine gland
|
Modified sweat gland
|
Modified sebaceous gland
|
Holocrine gland
|
Unknown
| null |
adae8176-3142-4c7c-9710-45b6e338ab41
|
single
|
Which one of the following procedures is most likely to increase intraocular pressure of glaucoma patient –a) Use of atropineb) Decreased pressure in jugular veinc) High dose of vitamin Cd) Dark environmente) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
|
Any factor which dilates the pupil will precipitate the attack of acute congestive glaucoma. Such factors are dim light (watching a film in a cinema), and mydriatic drugs (atropine, tropicamide, cyclopentolate, phenylephrine).
Dilatation of the pupil increases the amount of apposition between iris and anteriorly placed lens with a considerable pressure resulting in relative papillary block. Consequently the aqueous collects in the posterior chamber and pushes the peripheral flaccid iris anteriorly (Iris bombe), resulting in appositional angle closure due to iridocorneal contact. Eventually there occurs a rise in IOP which is transient to begin with but slowly the appositional angle closure is converted to synechial angle closure due to formation of peripheral anterior synechiae (Goniosynechiae).
To counteract this, miotic (mainly pilocarpine) is used in the treatment to constrict pupil and pull the iris away from the angle.
| 3 |
b
|
c
|
ad
|
ab
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
081c1946-d513-40dd-bea2-1e68d16da82a
|
single
|
Normal serum uric acid levels in males is
|
serum uric acid male 3.1-7.0 mg/dL female 2.5-5.6 mg/dL Ref: RAM DAS NAYAK EXAM PREPARATORY MANUAL FOR UNDERGRADUATES 2nd ed. pg no: 784
| 1 |
3.1 - 7 mg/dl
|
2.5-5.6 mg/dl
|
1.2-3.3 mg/dl
|
1.8-4.4 mg/dl
|
Pathology
|
Urinary tract
|
8c4733e6-2128-44e1-a0be-1377fc363a51
|
single
|
A female presented with a history of episodes of altered sensorium, involuntary movements, memory deficits and headache since the last 6 months. 4 episodes occurred during the day and 2 during sleep. She has been married since 1 year. Most likely diagnosis is-
|
This patient has
Abnormal movements
Amnesia (memory deficit)
Episode during sleep
Amongst the given options, only epilepsy can present with a seizure during sleep. Other three options will not present as a seizure during sleep
| 1 |
Epilepsy
|
Somatization disorder
|
Somatoform disorder
|
Hypochondriasis
|
Psychiatry
| null |
4b5fc05b-61b1-4b49-9488-e3472c515df7
|
single
|
Best investigation for acute intestinal obstruction is:
|
Diagnosis - X-ray Abdomen: Confirm the clinical suspicion and define more accurately the site of obstruction (60% diagnostic accuracy) Supine radiographs: Dilated loops of small intestine without evidence of colonic distention, diagnose site and level of obstruction. Erect radiographs: Multiple air-fluid levels, which often layer in a step wise pattern Supine films are better than erect for diagnosis of intestinal obstruction CT SCAN Used in complex patients, in whom the diagnosis is not readily apparent Highly sensitive for diagnosing complete or high-grade obstruction of the small bowel and for determining the location and cause of obstruction. Less sensitive for paial small bowel obstruction. Useful for extrinsic cause of bowel obstruction (e.g. abdominal tumors, inflammatory disease, or abscess) and determining bowel strangulation. - Enteroclysis is investigation of choice in low-grade, intermittent SBO. - Barium studies: Precisely demonstrate the level of the obstruction and cause in ceain cases - Ultrasound: Useful in pregnant patients.
| 2 |
Barium studies
|
X-ray
|
USG
|
ERCP
|
Surgery
|
Intestinal obstruction
|
d8784495-890d-40b2-999c-14faa877d565
|
single
|
GemciGemitis effective in
|
Ref-Katzung 10/891 Gemitabine is an antimetabolite that is the drug of choice for pancreatic cancer
| 2 |
Head and neck cancers
|
Pancreatic cancer
|
Small cell lung cancer
|
Soft tissue sarcoma
|
Anatomy
|
Other topics and Adverse effects
|
b331ec8c-1497-4ffe-90bf-21616d203bea
|
multi
|
Features of left side Ca colon are
|
. Patient can have de novo multiple primary carcinomas in different pas of the colon at the same time, i.e. synchronous (5-10%), or can present with growth in different pas of the colon in different periods, i.e. metachronous (10-20%). Gross types: Annular, tubular, ulcerative, cauliflower like. Annular (stenosing) type: * It is more common on left side. * Here the growth spreads round the internal wall and so it often presents with intestinal obstruction. * Left sided growth presents with colicky pain, altered bowel habits (alternating constipation and diarrhoea), palpable lump, distension of abdomen due subacute/ chronic obstruction. Later may present like complete colonic obstruction. Tenesmus, with passage of blood and mucus, with alternate constipation and diarrhoea, is common. Bladder symptoms may warn colovesical fistula. ref:SRB&;s manual of surgery,ed 3,pg no 838
| 2 |
Anemia
|
Obstruction
|
Altered bowel habit
|
Melena
|
Surgery
|
G.I.T
|
d2791573-0a66-4eb6-bd4f-5d9f110700a0
|
single
|
Aphthous ulcers are known as -
|
Aphthous ulcers
Also known as Canker Sores
These are superficial Ulcerations of the oral mucosa.
The lesions may be Single or multiple.
Ulceration is surrounded by an erythematous halo and is Covered by a thin exudate.
| 1 |
Canker sores
|
Marjolin's ulcer
|
Curling's ulcer
|
Cushing ulcers
|
Pathology
| null |
0d972769-edcb-433c-bcd8-0fcb6fdc6a4a
|
single
|
All are true regarding brachial plexus injury, except
|
Preganglionic lesions have a better prognosis than postganglionic lesions* o Preanlionic Brachial Plexus Injury. o - preganglionic lesions represent root avulsions from the spinal cord o - preganglionic injuries have limited spontaneous recovery; o - surgical repair is impossible (bad pregnosis as compared to post-ganglionic lesion) o -- Exam. findings include: o - abnormal axonal reflex; o - Horner's syndrome: (pre-ganglionic injury) o - caused by avulsion of the T1 root resulting in interruption of the T1 sympathetic ganglion; o - results in interruption of sympathetic nerve supply to the eye; o - causes miosis (constriction of pupil), ptosis (dropping of upper eyelid), enophthalmos (sinking of the orbit), and anhydrosis (dry eyes); o - Diagnostic Studies: o -EMG: o - nerve conduction studies show absent motor conduction with intact sensory conduction; o - afferent sensory fibers will not undergo Wallerian degeneration following nerve root avulsion because cell bodies of afferent sensory fibers are located in dorsal root anlion which resides distally; o -if nerve conduction velocity demonstrates absence of both sensory and motor then lesion is pQj ganglionic; o - histamine test: o - differentiate preganglionic and postganglionic lesions; o - if the nerve is interrupted proximal to ganglion, there is anesthesia along its cutaneous course, but the normal axon response will be seen; o - normal axon response can be demonstrated by placing a drop of histamine on the skin o - the skin is scratched thru the histamine; o - triple response: o - vasodilatation, wheel formation, and flare; o - a sequential response consisting of cutaneous vasodilation and wheal formation are seen, the flare response is present; o - a normal response implies a preganlionic lesion and has a prognosis; o if the flare response is negative then the lesion may be at a site where recovery may be possible after repair
| 1 |
Preganglionic lesions have a better prognosis than postganglionic lesions
|
Erb's palsy causes paralysis of the abductors and external rotators of the shoulder
|
In Klumpke's palsy, Horner's syndrome may be present on the ipsilateral side
|
Histamine test is useful to differentiate between the preganglionic and postganglionic lesions
|
Surgery
| null |
35a15496-b452-427f-bf18-20d264e26781
|
multi
|
Ligamentum teres is remnant of -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Left umbilical vein o The ligament teres represents the obliterated left umbilical vein.Embryonic partRemnantsDuctus arteriosusLigamentum arteriosumUmbilical arteryProximal partSuperior vesical artery.Distal partMedial umbilical ligamentUmbilical veinLigament teresDuctus venosusLigamentum venosusSeptum primumFossa ovalisSeptum secondumAnnulus ovalis / Limbus fossa ovalis
| 2 |
Umbilical arteries
|
Left umbilical vein
|
Ductus-venosus
|
Ductus arteriosus
|
Anatomy
|
Embryology
|
0403d72c-ddc2-41a5-949e-258ee984157e
|
single
|
Interstitial nephritis is most commonly seen with -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Methicillin o Hematuria, Albuminuria and reversible interstitial nephritis are the specific adverse effect of methicillin. Remember o Methicillin - Intestitial nephritis o Oxacillin - Hepatitis o Nafcillin - Neutropenia o Ampicillin - Diarrhea
| 1 |
Methicillin
|
Ampicillin
|
Amoxycillin
|
Cloxacillin
|
Pharmacology
| null |
026d9d88-1115-4b30-b7a2-cd3651809482
|
single
|
Malignant neuroleptic syndrome is caused by:March 2009
|
Ans. C: AntipsychoticsNeuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) refers to the combination of hypehermia, rigidity, and autonomic dysregulation that can occur as a serious complication of the use of antipsychotic drugs.The list of atypical antipsychotic drugs that may cause NMS include olanzapine, risperidone, paliperidone, aripiprazole, ziprasidone, amisulpride, and quetiapine.Clozapine may also be associated with the development of NMS, but it appears to be less likely to manifest with extrapyramidal features, including rigidity and tremor.The most widely accepted mechanism by which antipsychotics cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome is that of dopamine D2 receptor antagonism.Central D2 receptor blockade in the hypothalamus, nigrostriatal pathways, and spinal cord leads to increased muscle rigidity and tremor extrapyramidal pathways. Hypothalamic D2 receptor blockade results in an elevated temperature set point and impairment of heat-dissipating mechanisms.Peripherally, antipsychotics lead to increased calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, resulting in increased contractility, which can contribute to hypehermia, rigidity, and muscle cell breakdown.
| 3 |
Antidepressants
|
Anxiolytics
|
Antipsychotics
|
Antiepileptics
|
Psychiatry
| null |
7a0d18a7-433d-445f-b68e-695b79afe3cd
|
single
|
Feathery appearance in jejunum is due to –
|
The nervous and villous coat of the jejunum are extensive and are thrown into folds, called Valvulae conniventes which give feathery appearance in the jejunum.
| 1 |
Valvulae conniventes
|
Haustrations
|
Luminal gas
|
Vascular network
|
Radiology
| null |
d432ca2c-435b-4c07-b5a6-3d687ad04c28
|
single
|
Daily release of ho rmonefrom mirena is -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 20 microgram Mirena:o It is levennogesterol releasing intrauterine contraceptive device system.o It measures about 32 x 32 mm.o It has a life span of 5 yearso It contains 52 mg of levenogesterol.o It releases 20 meg/ day of levenogesterol.
| 2 |
10 microgram
|
20 microgram
|
30 microgram
|
40 microgram
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Methods - Progestogen-Only Contraception
|
781195f7-fa9b-462a-9db1-1de4f7763f96
|
single
|
In the early stage of which of the following carcinoma, no lymphatics involved:
|
Ans. (a) Glottic CARef: Dhingra's ENT 5th ed. / 327* Most common laryngeal malignancies are squamous cell CA (90-95%).* It can be any of these three sites:Supraglottis2nd MC site. Nodal metastasis occur early. MC to middle jugular nodes Symptom: Throat pain, Dysphagia, referred pain to ear > HoarsenessGlottisMC site. Local spread present. Nodal metastasis is always absent as glottis has no (or very few) lymphatics. Symptoms: Hoarseness > Stridor > laryngeal obstructionSubglottis3rd MC site. Lymph nodes involved are: Prelaryngeal, Pretracheal, Paratracheal and Lower jugular nodes. Symptoms: Stridor > Hoarseness
| 1 |
Glottic CA
|
Infraglottic CA
|
Supraglottic CA
|
Hypopharyngeal CA
|
ENT
|
Tomour of Larynx
|
eee23968-1660-44ba-9d12-397a2a62cdbf
|
single
|
All the following are true about Upper End Of Tibia EXCEPT:
|
Patella has no aiculation with Tibia; it is aiculated to Femur Only. Ossification: Secondary Centre for the Upper End is present at bih and fuses with the shaft by 16 years in females and 18 in males. Both Medial and Lateral menisci are attached to the Intercondylar Area on tibia. Semi-membranosus muscle is attached to the medial condyle of tibia, posteriorly.
| 4 |
Ossification centre for the upper end fuses by 18 years
|
Meniscal Cailage is attached to the Intercondylar Area
|
Gives attachment to Semimembranosus
|
Posterior aspect of Patella aiculates with Upper End Of Tibia laterally
|
Anatomy
|
Bones Joints and Ligaments
|
da395a79-51b9-4408-9f11-69475bc27085
|
multi
|
Hyperkalemia shows the following changes in ECG, except
| null | 3 |
Increased T wave amplitude
|
Prolonged PR interval
|
ST depression
|
Prolonged QRS duration
|
Medicine
| null |
60df544e-e82b-47d0-bd8b-fca35fc7cd51
|
multi
|
Drug of choice among these for neonatal seizures:
|
Ans. A. PhenobarbitoneThe drug of choice for treating neonatal seizures is phenobarbitone. Its initial IV dose is 20-40mg/kg IV, followed by maintenance dose of 3-5mg/kg/dayIV/IM or oral.
| 1 |
Phenobarbitone
|
Phenytoin
|
Diazepam
|
Clobazam
|
Pediatrics
|
Central Nervous System
|
99259615-1192-4a5c-bacc-0a4a3ea31184
|
single
|
Tennis elbow is
|
Tennis elbow is a condition characterised by pain and tenderness at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus due to non-specific inflammation at the origin of the extensor muscles of the forearm.Maheswari 5th edition Pg: 302
| 1 |
Inflammation of lateral epicondyle of humerus
|
Inflammation of medial epicondyle of humerus
|
Avulsion injury of head of radius
|
Avulsion injury of olecranon process
|
Orthopaedics
|
Elbow injuries
|
2813d9d4-bf61-48e1-8058-9bbcc3c322eb
|
single
|
M/C type of breech presentation:
|
Ans is a, i.e. Frank breechRef Fernando Arias 4/e, p 375Varieties of breech:CompleteIncomplete:-Frank breech (70%)-Footling breech-Knee breech
| 1 |
Frank breech
|
Complete breech
|
Footling
|
Knee
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Malpresentation
|
5bef725d-7c7a-4987-ab0a-5b300b501f40
|
single
|
Presumptive count includes
|
Presumptive coliform test
In presumptive coliform test the most probable number of all coliform organisms (not only E.coh) are counted → Presumptive coliform count.
The methods are : -
Multiple tube method
Membrane filtration technique.
After analysing presumptive coliforrn count, E.coli count is confirmed by other tests, e.g., by Eijkman test or indole production..
| 2 |
No E. Coli
|
Coliform but not only E.
|
Gram negative bacilli
|
Any bacteria
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
104ef788-edc8-45e0-8ef2-a2ad76c38e27
|
single
|
Killian's dehiscence is seen in:
|
Ans. c (Cricopharynx). (Ref. Diseases of ENT by PL Dhingra, 3rd /pg. 290)# Inferior constrictor muscle has two parts:- Thyropharyngeus (oblique fibers)- Cricopharyngeus (transverse fibers)# Between these two parts exists a potential gap, known as "Killan's dehiscence" (gateway of tears).# Clinical significance:- Perforation during esophagoscopy- Pharyngeal pouchPHARYNGOESOPHAGEAL DIVERTICULUM (ZENKER DIVERTICULUM)# General Considerations- Zenker diverticulum originates from the posterior wall of the esophagus, in a triangular area of weakness limited:SS inferiorly by the cricopharyngeus muscle andSS superiorly by the inferior constrictor muscles (ie, the Killian triangle).- As the diverticulum enlarges, it tends to deviate from the midline, mostly to the left.# Pathogenesis- Zenker diverticulum results from either a lack of coordination between the pharyngeal contraction and the opening of the UES or a hypertensive UES.- Because of the increased intraluminal pressure, there is progressive herniation of mucosa and submucosa through the Killian triangle.Clinical Findings - Essentials of Diagnosis- Dysphagia, (the most common symptom)- Regurgitation of undigested food (with risk of aspiration).- Gurgling sounds in the neck.- Halitosis.# Imaging Studies- A barium swallow is the investigation of choice. It can also show a hiatal hernia.# Treatment- The standard treatment consists of excision of -the diverticulum and myotomy of the cricopharyngeus muscle, including the upper 3 cm of the posterior esophageal wall.- For small diverticula (ie, < 2 cm), myotomy alone is sufficient. As an alternative to the conventional treatment, a transoral endoscopic approach, using an endoscopic stapling instrument, can be used for diverticula between 3 cm and 6 cm in size.# Prognosis- The prognosis is excellent in about 90% of cases.
| 3 |
Oropharynx
|
Nasopharynx
|
Cricopharynx
|
Vocal cords
|
ENT
|
Pharynx
|
2c812472-e452-4cba-a0fa-fc178f9148a2
|
single
|
Type of graft, best suited for renal transplantation -
|
Although the best graft is-autograft, a renal graft can obviously not be an autograft.
So the best renal graft is an isograft.
| 4 |
Allograft
|
Autograft
|
Xenograft
|
Isograft
|
Microbiology
| null |
b04d724e-c87b-4261-ba68-bec6f30d227e
|
multi
|
True about Gilbe syndrome is:
|
Gilbe syndrome: Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia Paial deficiency of UDPglucuronyl transferase enzyme Jaundice precipitated by fasting Phenobarbitone, being an enzyme inducer, improves the condition by increasing the activity of UDP glucuronyl transferase enzyme
| 3 |
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
Starvation improves the condition
|
Phenobarbitone improves the condition
|
Life-threatening
|
Pediatrics
|
Liver disorders
|
930d7d7d-187f-43bc-b01d-97ea65599e6e
|
multi
|
'Tiger eye' appearance on MRI brain is characteristic feature of:
|
Ans. B. Hallervorden Spatz diseaseHallervorden- Spatz Disease (are neurodegenerative disorder of basal ganglia)DefinitionHallervorden- Spatz disease (HSD) is a rare disorder characterized by progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction and dementia. It's an iron metabolic disorder.Genetics1. The disease can be familial or sporadic. When familial, it is inherited recessively and has been linked to chromosome 20.2. Recently, a mutation in the pantothenate kinase (PANK2) gene on band 20pl3 has been described in patients with typical HSD.Clinical features: -1. Onset is most commonly in late childhood or early adolescence.2. progressive extrapyramidal dysfunction and dementia.3. Visual impairment from optic atrophy or retinal degeneration is not uncommon and can be the presenting symptom of the disease, although this is rare.MRIbilaterally symmetric hyperintense signal changes in anterior medial globus pallidus with surrounding hypointensity in the globus pallidus on T2-weighted images (Eye-of-the-tiger sign).
| 2 |
Refsum's disease
|
Hallervorden Spatz disease
|
NARP mitochondrial disease
|
Abetalipoproteinemia
|
Radiology
|
Nervous System
|
ed26feee-795c-41d7-85dc-26b36c6c3e02
|
multi
|
Most of the CO2 transported in the blood is
|
The CO2 that diffuses into red blood cells is rapidly hydrated to H2CO3 because of the presence of carbonic anhydrase.
The H2CO3 dissociates to H+ and HCO3-, and the H+ is buffered, primarily by hemoglobin, while the HCO3- enters the plasma.
| 4 |
Dissolved in plasma.
|
In carbamino compounds formed from plasma proteins.
|
In carbamino compounds formed from hemoglobin.
|
In HCO3–
|
Physiology
| null |
c42c9f8c-5dc1-4fb1-8a13-9d0d7fc05e75
|
single
|
Crypta Magna is the remnant of
|
Medial surface of each tonsil has 15-20 crypts, the largest of which is called Intratonsillar cleft or crypta Magna (which represents the persistence of the ventral poion of the second pharyngeal pouch)'.Ref: PL Dhingra, Diseases of Ear, Nose & Throat, 7th edition, pg no. 291
| 2 |
First Pharyngeal pouch
|
Second Pharyngeal pouch
|
Third pharyngeal pouch
|
Fouh pharyngeal pouch
|
ENT
|
Oral cavity & Oesophagus
|
f929aff2-b8c2-44f7-aebe-c02459ae88e5
|
single
|
Which is the true statement regarding megaloblasitc anemia-a) Megaloblastic precursors are present in bone marrowb) Mean corpuscular volume is increasedc) Serum LDH is increasedd) Thrombocytosis occurse) Target cells are found
| null | 3 |
ab
|
bc
|
abc
|
bcd
|
Pathology
| null |
ab5ef317-80a2-40dd-a936-e090da751d25
|
multi
|
A 30 year old primipara in labor with transverse lie treatment of choice is
|
Patients in labor with transverse lie can be managed by external cephalic version followed by surgical rupture of membrane But it is impoant to note that the patient is primigravuda with age 30years i.e, elderly primi so ECV is contraindicated This patient requires emergency cesaream section
| 2 |
Internal cephalic version
|
Emergency cesarean section
|
Wait and watch
|
External cephalic version
|
Anatomy
|
Abnormal labor
|
f6dc814c-4c1e-445a-a238-6eff973434ca
|
single
|
The early feature of Pott's paraplegia is -
|
Potts Paraplegia * It is a most serious complication of spinal TB,incidence is appr 20%. * MC in dorsal spine because it is the narrowest region,abcess remains confined under tension and even a small compromise can lead to neurological deficit,infection is common in this area and spinal cord terminates below L1 * Early onset paraplegia- occurs during active phase of disease,usually within 2 yrs-ourable prognosis * Late onset- After many yrs,poor prognosis Causes of Paraplegia * Early onset :-Inflammatory causes- Abcess(MC) Granulation tissue Circumscribed TB focus Post spinal disease Infective thrombosis Mechanical causes- Seuestrum in canal,infected degenerated disc in canal,pathological dislocation * Late Onset:- Reccurance Internal gibbus fibrous septa following healing Grades of Paraplegia I. Negligible - Patient unaware of Neuro-deficit, physician detects extensor planter and ankle or patella clonus II. Mild - Patient aware of deficit but manages to walk with/without suppo+signs of spasticity. Ill. Moderate - Non ambulatory because of severe weakness,paraplegia in extension on examination. IV. Severe - Pt unable to walk,Paraplegia in flexion with severe muscle spasm,near complete loss of sensation with sphincter disturbance. Management * Usually possible to diagnose clinically and by typical radiological signs.CT scan may be done to see type of veebral destruction,cause of paraplegia i.e.pus,sequestra etc * Treatment of Paraplegia: Three schools of thought:- 1.Innmediate operative decompression, of cord by ant debridement-* improvement occurs in sho time.Otherwise TB penetrates the duramaterrecovery impossible. 2.Initially immobilisation or complete bed rest,if no improvement in specified time than surgery. 3.Middle path regimen-wait for 4 weeks to recover with rest and ATT,if no improvement than surgical decompression. REF : MAHESWARI 9TH ED
| 3 |
Flexor spasm
|
Increased tendon jerk
|
Ankle clonus
|
Sensory loss
|
Orthopaedics
|
Skeletal infections
|
90dbca2f-c7e0-4e31-8a44-fd0887d62eee
|
single
|
Winter bottoms sign in sleeping sickness refers to -
|
Generalized or regional lymphadenopathy - Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy (Winterbottom sign) is characteristic of T brucei gambiense African trypanosomiasis
| 2 |
Unilateral conjunctivitis
|
Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy
|
Narcolepsy
|
Transient erythema
|
Microbiology
|
parasitology
|
73e99d3b-c06f-4d02-99e6-ee5ad7275a99
|
single
|
Compared with cow's milk, mother's milk has more -
|
Lactose content in cows milk-4.4g ,breast milk-7.4g per 100grams.REF.PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE.Editon-21.Page no.-582 table 21
| 1 |
Lactose
|
Vitamin D
|
Proteins
|
Fat
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
obstetrics,pediatrics and geriatrics
|
7424abce-b85b-42e5-83d1-2d0741b6b98f
|
single
|
C/F of Turner&;s syndrome:
|
Turner's syndrome 45,XO genotype sho strature neck is sho and webbed shield chest,high palate,low set ears lymphoedema of extremities at bih SHAW'S TEXTBOOK OF GYNAECOLOGY,Pg no:111,15th edition
| 2 |
Secondary amenorrhea
|
Edema of hands and feet
|
XY genotype
|
Mental retardation common
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Sexuality and intersexuality
|
46950810-7b8b-4048-be41-9026c2067c9d
|
single
|
Strength of sewage is expressed in terms of all EXCEPT:
|
Ans. d (Coliform count). (Ref. Park PSM 22nd/pg. 708)SEWAGE# It is wastewater from community containing solid and liquid excreta, derived from houses, street and yard washing, factories and industries.# It resembles dirt water with unpleasant smell.# Composition of sewage is 99.9% water.# Average adult person excretes daily some 100 gm of faeces.# "Strength" of sewage is expressed in terms of - BOD, COD and suspended solids.Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)# It is most imp. Test done on sewage.# It is a std test indicating organic content of the sewage.# It is defined as the amount of 02 absorbed by a sample of sewage during a specified temperature, generally 20 deg C for aerobic destruction or use of organic matter by living organisms. BOD values range from about 1 mg per litre for natural waters to about 300 mg/L for unRxed domestic sewage.Chemical oxygen demand (COD)Measures the O2 equivalent of that portion of the organic matter in a sample which is susceptible to oxidation by strong chemical oxidizer.Suspended solidsIf the amount of SS is 100 mg/L, the sewage is said to be weak; if the amount is 500 mg/L the sewage is said to be strong.
| 4 |
Biological Oxygen Demand
|
Chemical oxygen demand
|
Suspended solids
|
Coliform count
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Environment and Health
|
91490220-f450-425a-b08b-cb5afb14084e
|
multi
|
A bilipid layer is most permeable to -
|
Ans-DThe lipid bilayer is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules.Lipid soluble molecules readily enter the cellsMolecules that move rapidly through a given membrane (lipid bilayer) are said to have a high Permeabilitycoefficient: - as followsFig.: Permeability coefficients of water, some ions, and other small molecules in lipid bilayer membranes.Molecules that move rapidly through a given membrane are said to have high permeability coefficient.Now it is clear from above that, urea is more permeable > Glucose> K+> Na+
| 4 |
Potassium
|
Sodium
|
Glucose
|
Urea
|
Unknown
| null |
2c83bc82-0c12-48ae-84e7-3970674ff131
|
single
|
Essential amino acid amongst the following -
|
Ans. is 4d' i.e.. All Nutritionally Essential Nutritionally Nonessentiai Arginine - semi essential Alanine Histidine Asparagine Isoleucine Asparatate Leucine Cysteine Lysine Glutamate Methionine Glutamine Phenylalanine Glycine Threonine Praline Tryptophan Serine Valine Tyrosine
| 4 |
Valine
|
Lysine
|
Threonine
|
All
|
Unknown
| null |
6eef55c2-ff1c-4252-9c39-368d9df36121
|
multi
|
The following set of words can be used synonymously in epidemiology -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Latent infection and subclinical infection Though none of the given pairs can be used as synonymously, the best answer is 'c'.
| 3 |
Source and Reservoir
|
Index and primary case
|
Latent infection and subclinical infection
|
Serial interval and incubation period
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
3482a501-d805-4aeb-93d0-510bb55480b8
|
single
|
A patient presents with bilateral proptosis, heat intolerance and palpitations. Most unlikely diagnosis here would be
| null | 4 |
Hashismoto's thyropidittis
|
Thyroid adenoma
|
Diffuse thyroid goitre
|
Reidel,s thyroiditis
|
Surgery
| null |
0c05e387-5c3a-4b0a-a003-bee1db15d1d8
|
single
|
Iron is maximum in
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Meat
| 3 |
Pista
|
Cashewnut
|
Meat
|
Milk
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
29e28b81-8db2-455f-b075-21608e3db798
|
single
|
CSF rhinorrhea can be seen in:
| null | 4 |
Lefort 2 fracture.
|
Lefort 3 fracture.
|
Nasoethmoidal fracture.
|
All of the above.
|
Surgery
| null |
ed6737ed-1626-4680-b8d8-c66e8cc6907b
|
multi
|
Surgery for mitral stenosis during pregnancy is ideally done at :
|
14 weeks
| 1 |
14 weeks
|
20 weeks
|
28 weeks
|
32 weeks
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
5e79f9b6-31f1-426d-895d-c32f6e18d19c
|
multi
|
Following statements are true regarding first pharyngeal arch :
|
A i.e. Maxillary & mandibular prominences are formed; B i.e. Maxilla & Zygomatic bone are formed by intermembranous ossification; C i.e. Tensor palati formed by first arch
| 4 |
Maxillary & mandibular prominences are formed
|
Maxilla & Zygomatic bone are formed by intermembranous ossification
|
Tensor palati formed by first arch
|
All
|
Anatomy
| null |
b6dd0ee8-9fa1-4664-bb09-496c00aa2c65
|
multi
|
all are ture ragrding gall stones management except ?
|
medical management of gallstones : it should be cholesterol stone it should be radioluscent gallbladder should be functioning non acute symptoms size of stone <1.5cm ref : bailey and love 27th ed
| 2 |
it should be cholestrol stone
|
it should be radio opaque
|
function gallbladder
|
non acute symptoms
|
Surgery
|
All India exam
|
4c3587ae-04e4-4f29-b02f-2ecf5de8d0b6
|
multi
|
58-year-old man suffered road traffic accident and came to the hospital. He had multiple fractures in his lower limbs, ribs and lung contusion. Ultimately he succumbed to his injuries. At autopsy, a biopsy from the lung showed the following appearance. What is the likely cause of his death?
|
Indeed, fat embolism occurs in some 90% of individuals with severe skeletal injuries Fat embolism syndrome Term applied to the minority of patients who become symptomatic. It is characterized by:- Pulmonary insufficiency, Neurologic symptoms, Anemia, and Thrombocytopenia, Staining:- Because lipids are dissolved out of tissue preparations by the solvents routinely used in paraffin embedding, the microscopic demonstration of fat microglobules typically requires specialized techniques, including frozen sections and stains for fat (Sudan stain).
| 1 |
Fat embolism
|
Emphysema
|
Pulmonary embolism
|
Congestive hea failure
|
Pathology
|
Systemic Pathology
|
6d326b8d-e98a-4b85-824a-3d0dc338477d
|
single
|
Liver synthesizes all, except:
|
D i.e. ImmunoglobulinAlpha (a ) and beta (f3) globulins are produced by hepatocytes (liver), where as immunoglobins or gamma globins are produced by B- lymphocyte (plasma cell)Q.Proteins synthesized by liver areProteinFunctionAlbuminOrmotic regulator; and carrier protein binding hormone, aminoacids,sterioids, vitamins, & fatty acidsa-fetoproteinOsmotic regulator; binding and carrier protein for hormones, amino acids(although functions are unceain but because of its structural homology toalbumin these functions are assigned)ai-antiproteaseTrypsin & general (serum & tissue) protease inhibitoraz- macroglobulinSerum endoprotease inhibitorAntithrombin IIIProtease inhibitor of intrinsic coagulation system (1:1 binding)AngiotensinogenPrecursor to pressure peptide angiotensin IIApolipoprotein BLipid carrier assembly of lipoprotein paiclesAntithrombin C, Protein CInhibition of blood clottingCoagulation factors II, VII, IX, XBlood clottingCeruloplasminTranspo copper (6 atoms Cu/mol)C- reactive proteinQUnceain, tissue inflammation, bind complement C1qFibrinogenPrecursor to fibrin in hemostasisHaptoglobinQBind & transpo cell free hemoglobin (1:1 binding)I-ipno exinBinds to prophyrin, paicularly heme for heme recycling.Mediator of anabolic effects of growth hormone (binds to IGF-1 receptor)Insulin like growth factor IOrosomucoidUnceain, +- role in inflammationSterioid hormone binding globulinCarrier protein for steroid in bloodThyroxine binding globulinCarrier protein for thyroid hormone in bloodTrans- thyretin (Thyroid binding pre albumin)Carrier protein for thyroid hormone in bloodTransferrinTranspo of iron* Most of other plasma proteins except antibodies (yglobulins or immunoglobins) are synthesized in liverdeg.
| 4 |
C3 complement component
|
Hap Toglobin
|
Fibrinogen
|
Immunoglobulin
|
Physiology
| null |
42524ed0-0f34-45fa-9e1d-26cfec81c266
|
multi
|
Which of the following excludes painful stimuli from awareness:
|
A i.e. Repression Defence mechanism Definition Normal example Pathological example Repression - It is (unconscious or conscious) exclusion, expulsion - Forgetting; eg painful - Psychogenic or withholding of an unaccepted anxiety, pain or aspects of memory of amnesia distress provoking sturnuli (idea, impulse, emotion, or memories) from conscious awarenessQ. distressing events such as sexual abuse in - Repression when excessive gives rise - Primary repression is curbing of ideas before they childhood may be kept to neurotic have attained consciousness. Secondary repression out of awareness for sufferingQ, & is excludes from conscious awareness. The repressed many years. treated by analytic is not really forgotten & symbolic behaviour may be present. - It differs from suppression in extent of effecting conscious inhibition of painful impulses to the point of almost losing & not just postponing cherished goals. - Slips of tongue psychotherapy by finding more mature solutions to intrapsychic struggle. So conscious perception of discomfo, feelings & instincts is blocked in repression. Failure of repression results in anxiety. Suppression - Consciously or semiconsciously postponement of Voluantry decision of not (voluantry) focusing of attention on an impulse or conflict, which has reached conscious awareness. thinking about an argument while going for an exam. - Issues may be deliberately cutoff, but they are not avoided. So discomfo is acknowledge but minimized. Denial - Involuantry exclusion of unpleasant or painful - Grief - Psychoses reality from conscious awarenessQ by negating sensory data. Patient behaves as if unaware of - Children (3-6 years) - On knowing about - Terminal illness eg, after MI, on 2^d day something that lie may reasonably be expected to know. - Although repression defends against affects, denial terminal stage of cancer, patient may continue to patient is doing pushups & states abolishes external reality. live normally as if unaware. that there is nothing wrong with him. Projection - It is unconscious attribution (projection) of one's own Universal phenomenon Persecutory delusions altitudes (thoughts, feelings or urges) to another person because of intolerance or painful affect aroused by those; thereby rendering one's own thoughts or feelings more acceptable. So it is perceiving & reacting to unacceptable inner impulses & their derivatives as though they were outside the self. more common in children. and hallucinations. - A person who dislikes a colleague may attribute a reciprocal feeling of dislike to him; it is then easier to justify his own feelings of dislike for the colleague. Rationalization - Unconscious provision (offering) of false but logical (rational) & acceptable explanation in an attempt to justify attitudes, beliefs or behaviour that may otherwise be unacceptableQ. Underlying motives are instinctually determined Universal phenomenon. To explain behaviours resulting from other defence mechanisms. - Example, a husband leaving his wife at home (because he does not enjoy her company) falsely reassures himself that she is shy & would not enjoy going out. Distoion - Unconscious gross re-shaping of external reality to suit - Hallucinations & satisfy inner needs. - Wishful filling delusions & sustained feelings of delusional superiority (grandiosity) or excitement - Unrealistic megalomanic beliefs Passive * aggressive behaviour - Expressing anger or aggression towards other indirectly through passivity, (passive resistance), masochism, turning against self, and negativistic attitudes towards who place demands. These - ? demands are resented & opposed indirectly, through procrastination (delaying), stubbornness, intentional inefficiencyQ, failure and illness that affect others more than onself. Regression - Adopting of behaviour (psychological functioning) appropriate to an earlier stage of development to avoid - Essential for sleep, relaxation, orgasm in - Neurosis (mild)(2 - Psychosis (more the tension & conflict evoked at the present level of sexual intercourse, & pervasive regression) development. creative process - Dream - Mature adult indulging in childish playful activities. - Severe prolonged physical illness (1/t regression of dependence on others) Displacement - It is unconscious shifting (transfer) of emotions from Deflection of anger on a - PhobiaQ (especially one idea, object, person or situation with which it is properly associated, to another (less threatening) that resembles the original in some aspect or quality, and is less highly cathected or evokes less distress. For example, after recent death of his wife, a man blaming doctor for failure to give adequate care, and thus avoiding blaming himself for putting his work before her needs in last months of her life. substitute target in children) - OCDQ Inhibition Consciously (Kaplan) / Involuantry (Ahuja) limiting - Social shyness - OCDQ or renouncing (loss of) motivation to engage in some goal directed ego activity to prevent (evade) anxiety arising out of conflicts with unacceptable impulses - Writing or work blocks - PhobiaQ (eg. super ego) Undoing Unconsciously motivated acts which magically - Checking locks or gas - Compulsive acts in (symbolically) counteract unacceptable thoughts, behaviours, acts or impulses knobs to ensure safety - Automatically saying 'I am sorry' on bumping into some one. OCDQ - Compulsive rituals Reaction Unconscious transformation of unacceptable impulse Children > 3 years - Obscessive formation into exactly opposite. So adoptation of behaviour opposite to the behaviour that would reflect true feelings & intentions. compulsive personality trait - OCDQ Sublimation Unconscious channelization of unacceptable impulses into socially valuable & personally satisfying patterns - Channelization of sexual or aggressive impulses into creative activities ex aistic paintings - Turning the need to dominate others into organization of good works for charity Identification Unconscious adoption of characteristics or activities of another person into his or her ego system often to reduce the pain of separation or loss. Example a window may undeake same voluantry work that her husband used to do. - Pathological grief - Conversion disorder
| 1 |
Repression
|
Reaction formation
|
Projection
|
Rationalization
|
Psychiatry
| null |
5b6d90e8-4cf6-4fb4-b5c8-2c96d1dc4db1
|
single
|
The rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of catecholamines is catalyzed by
|
The rate limiting step in the synthesis of catecholamines is catalysed by tyrosine hydroxylase Ref : guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:605,606,607
| 1 |
Tyrosine hydroxylase
|
Dopa decarboxylase
|
Dopa mine f3 hydroxylase
|
Catechol-O-methyltransferase
|
Physiology
|
Nervous system
|
ee2d1dab-c3d5-4d8c-a168-5c79974db0d6
|
multi
|
A 25 year old male gives history of sudden painless loss of vision in one eye for the past 2 weeks. There is no history of trauma. On examination the anterior segment is normal but there is no fundal glow. Which one of the following is the most likely cause?
|
Ans. (a) Vitreous hemorrhageRef: Kanski 7/e, p. 730Sudden painless loss of vision with absence of fundal glow and a normal anterior chamber, in absence of trauma (spontaneous) is consistent with a diagnosis of spontaneous vitreous hemorrhage.Vitreous hemorrhageSudden painless loss of visionOptic atrophyGradual painless loss of visionDevelopmental cataractGradual painless loss of visionAcute angle closure glaucomaSudden painful loss of vision
| 1 |
Vitreous haemorrhage
|
Optic atrophy
|
Developmental cataract
|
Acute attack of angle closure glaucoma
|
Ophthalmology
|
Retina
|
48ca7f3b-1197-4614-8b1a-4a5ef7d3f6b6
|
single
|
Screening for condition recommended wrhen -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Early diagnosis can change disease course because of effective treatment o The disease to be screened should fulfil the following criteria before it is considered suitable for screening.1. The condition sougth should be an important health problem (in general, prevalence should be high).2. There should be a recognizable latent or early asymptomatic stage.3. The natural history of the contition, including development from latent to declared disease, should be adequately understood (so that we can know at what stage the process ceases to be reversible).4. There is a test that can detect the disease prior to the onset of signs and symptoms.5. facilities should be available for confirmation of the diagnosis.6. There is an effective treatment.7. There should be an agreed-on policy concerning whom to treat as patients (e.g., lower ranges of blood pressure; border-line diabetes).8. There is good evidence that early detection and treatment reduces morbidity and mortality.9. The expected benefits (e.g., the number of lives saved) of early detection exceed the risks and costs.
| 4 |
Low case fatality rate
|
Diagnostic tools not available
|
No effective treatment available
|
Early diagnosis can change disease course because of effective treatment
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Screening for Disease
|
187797ac-19f4-4c6d-9419-7d894c8fd4d6
|
single
|
Parathyroid hormone is responsible for all actions except:
|
A i.e. Absorption of phosphorus increaseParathyroid hormone increases phosphate excretion in urine due to decrease in reabsorption of phosphate in the proximal tubulesQ.
| 1 |
Absorption of phosphorous increase
|
Vit D absorption increases
|
Mobilizes calcium from bone
|
Increase intestinal absorption of calcium
|
Physiology
| null |
6bab5937-5032-4e0f-a4c6-8644b512d399
|
multi
|
In which of the following disease, the overall survival is increased by screening procedure -
|
.there is strong positive correlation between cancer colon and dietary fat.the studies have shown that increase in the dietary intake of fat has recently increased the incidence of ca colon in the western communities like japan.also dietary fibre intake is said to have a protective role in the development of carcinoma colon.the overall survival is increased by screening procedure - in the case of carcinoma colon. ref:park&;s textbook,22 nd ed,pg 600
| 3 |
Prostate Ca
|
Lung Cancer
|
Colon Ca
|
Ovarian Ca
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Screening
|
1aa2ec95-8b25-4b5e-aa51-e3789b9bdcc6
|
multi
|
Diuretic used in mountain sickness?
|
ACTIONS OF ACETAZOLAMIDE: i) Lowering of intraocular tension due to decreased formation of aqueous humor (it is rich in HC03). 2) Raised level of C02 in the brain and lowering of pH - sedation and elevation of seizure threshold. 3) Alteration of C02 transpo in lungs and tissues: - used in high altitude or mountain sickness ( Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, K.D Tripathi,6th edition )
| 3 |
Hydrochohiazide
|
Furesemide
|
Acetazolamide
|
Spironolactone
|
Pharmacology
|
Kidney
|
6646de41-8d52-43b0-b2aa-41ef2e847024
|
single
|
In treatment of Parkinsonism with Levodopa dose limiting toxicity is
|
(B) Vomitings # ADVERSE EFFECTS 2# HAEMATOLOGICAL Dose limiting toxicity> Leucopenia, nadir 21 - 28 days, recovery 28 - 35 days.> Thrombocytopenia, nadir 16 days, recovery 21 days.# GASTROINTESTINAL Dose limiting toxicity> Severe nausea and vomiting, duration 1-12 hours. Aggressive antiemetic prophylaxis is recommended.> Nausea is most severe on the first day of multiple day treatment.# LOCAL REACTIONS> Severe pain at injection site and along vein during administration. Slow infusion rate, and place an ice pack above the injection site. Further dilution of solution may be required.# MISCELLANEOUS> Hypotension, with single doses of 850 mg/m2 or greater.> Elevated liver function tests, venous occlusive disease, acute liver dystrophy with fatal thrombosis.> Increased blood urea and serum creatinine.> Reversible alopecia, facial paraesthesia, facial flushing.> Flu-like symptoms e.g. fever, myalgia, and malaise may occur, especially after large, single doses. Onset 7 days, duration 7-21 days.
| 2 |
Choriform movements
|
Vomitings
|
Tardive dyskinesia
|
Giddiness
|
Medicine
|
Miscellaneous
|
a91b4760-1cb4-4c4d-a83e-e5c6cc5cdcd2
|
single
|
The first sign of tetanus is
| null | 4 |
Dysphagia
|
Neck stiffness
|
Back pain
|
Trismus
|
Medicine
| null |
f419e5f8-ffaf-496e-b323-4f8de29fa129
|
single
|
Hanging in which body is fully suspended and feet are not touching the ground?
|
HANGING ON THE BASIS OF SUSPENSION Hanging in which body is fully suspended and feet are not touching the ground is called complete hanging. Hanging in which feet or pa of body touches the ground and the body is not fully suspended is called paial hanging.
| 2 |
Paial hanging
|
Complete hanging
|
Homicidal hanging
|
Suicidal hanging
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Hanging and strangulation
|
a7e4d76d-bd99-45b2-b173-cd05d4fac860
|
single
|
Hysteroscopy is used in all EXCEPT :
|
None
| 4 |
Uterine synechiae
|
Abnormal vaginal bleeding
|
Infeility
|
None
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
ccf1bb2c-a1df-4531-a030-2a936bccb32a
|
multi
|
Tryptophan is glucogenic & ketogenic by producing
|
The major metabolic fate of tryptophan is to be oxidized by tryptophan pyrrolase (tryptophan di-oxygenase) (Step 1, Fig. 17.8). It is a hemoprotein. The enzyme is inducible by coicosteroids.iii. In this major pathway, the total 11 carbon atoms of tryptophan are catabolized as formyl group (1C which enters the one-carbon pool), alanine (3C, entering the glucose pathway) and acetoacetate (4C, going to ketogenic pathway). So, tryptophan is both glucogenic and ketogenic. The remaining 3 carbons are removed as 3 CO2 molecules.Ref: DM Vasudevan - Textbook of Biochemistry, 6th edition, page no: 211
| 1 |
Acetyl CoA & alanine
|
Acetoacetate & fumarate
|
Acetoacetate & arginine
|
Arginine & alanine
|
Biochemistry
|
vitamins
|
f79105fa-3a81-4c66-a242-e1311e953d62
|
single
|
In Holmes-Adie pupil all are true except -
|
The Adie's tonic pupil. In this condition reaction to light is absent and to near reflex is very slow and tonic. The affected pupil is larger (anisocoria). Its exact cause is not known. It is usually unilateral, associated with absent knee jerk and occurs more often in young women. Adie's pupil constricts with weak pilocarpine (0.125%) drops, while normal pupil does not. Ref:AK Khurana 4thE pg 293
| 2 |
There is absent or retarded pupil reactions to light and near
|
Most cases are bilateral
|
Causes reduced or absent accommodation
|
Constricts with 2.5% methacholine
|
Ophthalmology
|
Neuro-ophthalmology
|
3cd72c66-ff0a-4e5c-9b9b-95be24dfd293
|
multi
|
Pitting edema indicates an excess of .... litres of fluid in tissue spaces -
| null | 3 |
2.5
|
3.5
|
4.5
|
5.5
|
Surgery
| null |
c60f2e5a-61b0-4499-a30d-63dafb4fde9d
|
single
|
Which of the following does not pass through cavernous sinus?
| null | 3 |
Occulomotor (III) nerve
|
Trochlear nerve
|
Medial cerebral artery
|
Trigeminal nerve
|
Anatomy
| null |
3d14c2a0-cf0f-42dd-979a-20a5c2058b9f
|
single
|
Mistuda reaction is read at
| null | 1 |
21st day
|
10th day
|
3rd day
|
45th day
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
96ce8e3c-aea0-4481-ac52-db9cb435abbf
|
single
|
True regarding IgA nephropathy is
|
IgA nephropathy, characterized by mesangial deposits of IgA-containing immune complexes, is the most common cause of the nephritic syndrome worldwide; it is also a common cause of recurrent hematuria; it commonly affects children and young adults and has a variable course. Ref: Robbins basic book of pathology 9th edition page 531 The clinical picture is usually characterized by recurrent bouts of haematuria that are often precipitated by mucosal infections. Mild proteinuria is usually present and occasionally nephrotic syndrome may develop. Ref: HARSH MOHAN TEXTBOOK OF PATHOLOGY 6th ed. pg no: 674 Histologically, the lesions in IgA nephropathy vary considerably.The glomeruli may be normal or may show mesangial widening and segmental inflammation confined to some glomeruli (focal proliferative GN); diffuse mesangial proliferation (mesangioproliferative GN); or (rarely) ove crescentic GN. The characteristic immunofluorescence picture is of mesangial deposition of IgA, often with C3 and properdin and smaller amounts of IgG or IgM. Ref: Robbins basic pathology 9th edition page 530
| 3 |
Usually seen in children <10 years of age
|
Microscopic hematuria is common presentation
|
Recurrent gross hematuria following respiratory infections
|
Decreased serum IgA
|
Pathology
|
Urinary tract
|
6ef5ff5d-49f3-4533-a7a5-b4a2f8f04d26
|
multi
|
Donovan bodies are seen in:
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Granuloma inguinale
| 1 |
Granuloma inguinale
|
LGV
|
Syphilis
|
Herpes genitalia4
|
Skin
| null |
e30d3f56-49f7-4bf4-a5f6-cc42166ff86a
|
single
|
Which of the following nerve innervates rhomboids minor muscle?
|
Dorsal scapular nerve innervates the rhomboids minor muscle which is involved in retraction of the scapula. Medial pectoral nerve innervates pectoralis minor which is involved in protraction, depression, and stabilization of scapula.Long thoracic nerve innervates serratus anterior which is involved in protraction and rotation of the scapula.Nerve to the subclavius innervates subclavius muscle which is involved in depression and stabilization of clavicle.Dorsal scapular nerve and ventral rami of C3 and C4 innervates levator scapulae muscle involved in elevation and downward rotation of scapula.
| 3 |
Medial pectoral nerve
|
Long thoracic nerve
|
Dorsal scapular nerve
|
Nerve to the subclavius
|
Anatomy
| null |
4360d1c0-89a1-48a2-9bf6-e9c99036d492
|
single
|
Example of neuromuscular blocker causing hypotension is:
|
The hypotension seen with the use of atracurium and mivacurium is due to release of histamine, whereas dTubocuranine causes hypotension histamine release and ganglion blockade. Ref: Miller's anesthesia-7th ed, Chapter 29.
| 4 |
Rocuronium
|
Vecuronium
|
Pancuronium
|
Atracurium
|
Anaesthesia
| null |
80252a64-26ce-4225-92ac-47f0de4d3142
|
single
|
Anthrol acts as purgative due to -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Irritant action o Anthroquinones (senna, cascara sagrada) are stimulant purgatives --> irritate the intestinal mucosa and thus stimulate motor activity.
| 1 |
Irritant action
|
Bulk formation in intestinal lumen
|
Osmotic action
|
Emollient effect
|
Pharmacology
| null |
8d26a97d-fde3-410e-b85b-48e4e6518c84
|
single
|
Which of the following sexually transmitted disease is diagnosed by Ito's test?
|
The Ito-Reenstierna test is an intradermal test, using inactivated Haemophilus ducreyi, for diagnosis of chancroid. Due to limited sensitivities for detection of circulating antibodies to H. ducreyi, serology has currently limited usefulness in the routine diagnosis of chancroid infection but may be useful in population-based epidemiological research as a screening method for past infection. Ref: Lautenschlager S (2012). Chapter 202. Chancroid. In Goldsmith L.A., Katz S.I., Gilchrest B.A., Paller A.S., Leffell D.J., Wolff K (Eds), Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, 8e.
| 3 |
Gonorrhoea
|
Herpes
|
Chancroid
|
Granuloma venereum
|
Microbiology
| null |
70a23529-fe33-4dd8-999a-bf70b4084332
|
multi
|
Which of the following finding is not suggestive of intrinsic hepatic fibrosis:
|
In caput medusa the blood flows away from the umbilicus and is suggestive of poal hypeension. The increased flow results in a venous hum. The abdominal distention due to ascites explains flank fullness and eveed umbilicus.
| 2 |
Bulging flanks
|
Collateral flow toward umbilicus
|
Eveed umbilicus
|
Venous hum
|
Medicine
|
Misc.
|
2a7a4c60-ade9-4129-bef1-3b78f40f25b5
|
single
|
Omega shaped epiglottis is seen in?
|
ANSWER: (A) LaryngomaiaciaREF: Dhingra 4th ed p.272In laryngomaiacia direct laryngoscopy shows elongated epiglottis, curled upon itself (omegashaped), floppy aryepiglottic folds and prominent arytenoids.Pediatric Epiglottis is omega-shaped and arytenoids relatively large covering significant portion of the posterior glottis.
| 1 |
Laryngomalacia
|
Epiglottitis
|
Tuberculosis
|
Carcinoma of epiglottis
|
ENT
|
Larynx
|
f71b0459-5bbe-468b-8efd-fbd457d5c1c8
|
single
|
Common injury to baby is -
|
The most common bone to be fractured in children and during birth is clavicle.
| 2 |
Fracture humerus
|
Fracture clavicle
|
Fracture scapula
|
Fracture femur
|
Orthopaedics
| null |
5bde04b4-a48c-40de-aa3d-2e3020c14829
|
single
|
Contact dermatitis is -
|
Contact dermatitis is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction. - delayed hypersensitivity sometimes results results from skin contact with a variety of chemicals - metals such as nickel and chromium, simple chemicals like dyes,drugs or plant allergens. The antigen activates specifically sensitised CD4 & CD8 T lymphocytes leading to the secretion of lymphokines and phagocyte accumulation. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no: 162,167 <\p>
| 4 |
Type-I hypersensitivity
|
Type-II hypersensitivity
|
Type-III hypersensitivity
|
Type-IV hypersensitivity
|
Microbiology
|
Immunology
|
08467e2a-95da-4a74-887c-2289fffc8c59
|
single
|
Gamma amino butyrate is synthesized from? -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Glutamate \Ref: Harper 29th/ e p. 304-305]o Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) is formed by decarboxylation of L-glutamate.Amino acidsBiological important compoundTyrosineCatecholamines (epinephrineQ, norepinephrineQ, dopamineQ), thyroxineQ, triiodothryonine, melanin Q.(Note: - Phenylalanine is the precursor of tyrosine, thus it can also give rise to all these compounds through tyrosine (phenylalanine - TyrosineQ - CatecholaminesQ, thyroxineQ, T3, melaninQ).TryptophanVitamin niacinQ, melatoninQ, SerotoninQGlycineQ,ArginineQ,methionineQCreatineQGlycine, cysteineBile saltsGlycineHeme.Aspartic acid andglutaminePyrimidine basesGlycineQ, aspartic acid, glutaminePurine basesQb-alanineCoenzyme-AArginineNitric oxideQGlutamateGama-amino butyric acid (GABA)
| 2 |
Fumarate
|
Glutamate
|
Histidine
|
Glycine
|
Biochemistry
|
Amino Acids Basics
|
9aff3318-c2e2-416e-b131-72d1529bbafb
|
single
|
Caloric requirement of adult male worker with moderate levels of activity is:-
|
Caloric requirement of Adult Male worker:- Sedentery levels of activity - 2320 Kcal/day Moderate levels of activity - 2730 Kcal/day Heavy levles of activity - 3490 Kcal/day. Caloric requirement of Adult Female worker:- Sedentery levels of activity - 1900 Kcal/day Moderate levels of activity - 2230 Kcal/day Heavy levles of activity - 2850 Kcal/day.
| 3 |
2320 Kcal /day
|
2230 Kcal /day
|
2730 Kcal/day
|
3490 kcal/day
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
RDA, Nutritional Requirements
|
b6deed39-8b87-4f63-af3d-3cab936ce08e
|
single
|
Which of the following is associated with adult polycystic kidney disease?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e. Berry Aneurysm in Circle of Willis Extrarenal anomalies seen in patients with adult polycystic kidney disease.||||CystsBerry aneurysmColonic diverticula*Mitral valve(a) Liver (M.C. Site)*(Present in 5-10%)(M C. extrarenal deformity )Prolapse*(b) Spleen* perforation is common (c) Pancreas* (d) Ovaries
| 1 |
Berry aneurysms in Circle of Willis
|
Saccular aneurysms of aorta
|
Fusiform aneurysms of aorta
|
Leutic aneurysms
|
Pathology
|
Miscellaneous (Kidney)
|
50d7e929-69bc-4731-9d94-b3fca1852ecc
|
single
|
Contraindications to major hepatic resection for metastatic disease include all of the following Except
|
HEPATIC RESECTION Indications * Parasitic and non-parasitic cysts. * Benign and primary malignant tumours of the liver. * A secondary tumour that involves by direct extensions like from carcinoma of the gallbladder or limited secondaries from carcinoma colon/carcinoids. * Trauma to the liver. Contraindication * Advanced cirrhosis Ref: SRB&;s manual of surgery,3 rd ed, pg no 559
| 4 |
Total hepatic involvement
|
Advanced cirrhosis
|
Extrahepatic tumor involvement
|
Jaundice from extrinsic ductal obstruction
|
Surgery
|
G.I.T
|
276670bc-dc92-4f3e-9c9d-242922e3abc0
|
multi
|
Muscle that causes flexion at elbow joint when forearm is semi - pronated
|
Brachioradialis causes flexion at elbow joint when forearm is semi - pronated.
| 4 |
Biceps brachii
|
Brachialis
|
Coracobrachialis
|
Brachioradialis
|
Anatomy
| null |
7a1584e4-5978-450a-9a23-8df97df816fc
|
single
|
Spermatogenesis begins at -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Puberty o Spermatogenesis refers to the process of formation of spermatozoa (sperm) from primitive germ cells (spermatogonia).o Spermatogenesis begins at puberty and continues throughout adult life to decline in old age.o In humans, it takes an average of 74 days to form a mature sperm from primitive germ cells.o Spermatogenesis occurs in seminiferous tubules.o Steps in spermatogenesis involve :i) Spermatogonia (primitive germ cells) undergo mitosis to form primary spermatocytes. Both spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes have diploid chromosomes (46 chromosomes or diploid of 23 chromosomes).ii) Primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis to form secondary spermatocytes. Secondary spermatocytes have haploid (23) chromosomes.iii) Secondary spermatocytes undergo mitosis to form spermatids.iv) Spermatids do not divide further but undergo morphological changes to form sperms (spermatozoa). This step of formation of spermatozoa from spermatids is called spermiogenesis. The spermiogenesis takes place in the deep folds of cytoplasm of sertoli cells.
| 3 |
Birth
|
5 years
|
Puberty
|
18 years
|
Anatomy
|
Fertilization and Development of Embryo
|
0ad006c2-aaa6-4f46-af8d-b9d18f5549bb
|
single
|
Which of the following drug is used for Lithium induced tremors?
|
Ans. B. PropranololNeurological Effects of lithium1. Tremor: postural tremor (8to12Hz) (treatment- b-Adrenergic receptor antagonists, such as propranolol)2. Cognitive Effects (dysphoria, lack of spontaneity, slowed reaction times and impaired memory)3. Other Neurological Effects: symptoms of mild parkinsonism, ataxia, dysarthria, Peripheral neuropathy, benign intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), findings resembling myasthenia gravis &increased risk of seizures.
| 2 |
Add valproate
|
Propranolol
|
Trihexyphenidyl
|
Tetrabenazine
|
Psychiatry
|
Pharmacotherapy In Psychiatry
|
3bd7b023-4cb2-408d-a87f-f3ce9833ce13
|
single
|
Extraocular muscle not supplied by oculomotor: (D. REPEAT 2011)
|
Ref: Basaks Essentials of Ophthalmology, 5th edition Explanation:EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLESTotal 6 muscles (4 Rectus and 2 Oblique muscles).Rectus musclesOrigin: Common origin from annular tendon of Zinn around the optic foramen at the apex of the orbit.Insertion: They are inserted to the sclera after piercing the Tenon's capsule.Superior obliqueOrigin: Common origin at the apex of the orbit from annular tenon of Zinn.Insertion: Sclera at supero-lateral part of the posterior part of globe.Inferior obliqueOrigin: Anteriorly, from the lower and inner orbital walls near lacrimal fossa.It is the ONLY Muscle NOT arising from the apex of orbit.Insertion: Sclera, at infero-lateral part of the posterior pole of the globe.Nerve supplyAH muscles are supplied by 3rd Cranial nerve {Oculomotor nerve) except lateral rectus and superior oblique.Lateral rectus supplied by 6th nerve < Abducens nerve)- L R6.Superior oblique supplied by 4th nerve {Trochlear nerve)- SO.,.ActionsMedial rectus: Adduction.Lateral rectus: Abduction.Superior reetus: Elevation on Abduction and Intorsion.Inferior rectus: Depression on Abduction and Extorsion.Superior oblique: Depression on Adduction and Intorsion.Inferior oblique: Elevation on Adduction and Extorsion.
| 1 |
Superior oblique
|
Super rectus
|
Medial rectus
|
Inferior oblique
|
Ophthalmology
|
Ocular Motility
|
77fc199f-9595-423c-bcda-bd90f784599b
|
single
|
Casoni's test is positive in
|
Ans. a (Echinococcus)TestUsed forAdrenolytic testPheochromocytomaAllen testIn patients with severe Raynaud's phenomenon and refractory digital ulcers due to distal ulnar artery occlusion.Anticholinesterase testMyasthenia gravisApnea testDemonstration that apnea is due to irreversible medullary damage.Bentiromide testis an indirect measure of pancreatic function and reflects intraluminal chymotrypsin activity. The test has excellent specificity but is not very sensitive.Bernstein testHeartburn is produced by heightened mucosal sensitivity and can be reproduced by infusion of dilute (0.1 N) hydrochloric acid.Casoni's testEchinococcosisCoomb's testIs the major tool for diagnosing autoimmune hemolysis. This test relies on the ability of antibodies specific for immunoglobulins (especially IgG) or complement components (especially C3) to agglutinate RBC coated with these proteins. With specific anti-IgG and anti-C3, the direct Coombs test detects IgG or C3 on the patient's RBC, which indicates the presence of immune hemolysis and may help define its cause.Desmopressin testSevere pituitary or nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus can be differentiated by administering desmopressin (DDAVP, 0.03 microg/kg subcutaneously or intravenously) and repeating the measurement of urine osmolarity 1 to 2 h later. An increase of >50% indicates severe pituitary Dl, whereas a smaller or absent response is strongly suggestive of nephrogenic Dl.Dexamethasone suppression testThe best screening procedure for Pituitary-Adrenal Suppressibility is the overnight dexamethasone suppression test.Dick testSusceptibility to scarlet fever was correlated with results of the Dick test, in which a small amount of erythrogenic toxin injected intradermally produced local erythema in susceptible individuals but elicited no response in those with specific.Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye test or the dihydrorhodamine (DHR) oxidation test.Deficiencies of oxidative metabolism are detected with either the two.Drop arm testThe diagnosis of a complete tear of the rotator cuff is suggested by the drop arm test in which the patient is unable to maintain his or her arm outstretched once it is passively abducted.Finkelstein's testDeQuervains tenosynovitis resulting from inflammation of the tendon sheath(s) involving the abductor poliicis longus or extensor pollicis brevis.Hydrogen breath testHydrogen breath testing after lactose ingestion may be performed for suspected lactase deficiency.Gastrin provocative tests(secretin stimu- lation test, the calcium infusion study, and a standard meal test)To differentiate between the causes of hypergastrinemia.Ham testFor many years, the diagnosis of PNH depended on the demonstration of the lysis of RBC after complement activation either by acid (Ham test) or by reduction in ionic strength (sucrose lysis test). These tests are inferior to the analysis of GPI-linked proteins (e.g., CD59, DAF) on RBC and granulocytes by flow cytometry.Head tilt testCardinal diagnostic feature of trochlear nerve palsy (The vertical diplopia is exacerbated by tilting the head towards the side with the muscle palsy, and alleviated by tilting it away)McMurray testA positive McMurray test may indicate a meniscal tear.Mazzotti testOnchocerciasisSwinging flashlight testTo elicit relative afferent pupillary defect (Marcus Gunn pupil). It is an extremely useful sign in retrobulbar optic neuritis and other optic nerve diseases, where it may be the sole objective evidence for disease.Schober testUseful measure of lumbar spine flexionString testStrongyloides stercoralisTyramine testTo evaluate postganglionic adrenergic function. In a postganglionic lesion, the response to tyramine is reduced and there is an excessive response to subthreshold doses of phenylephrine.Table tilt testNeurocardiogenic syncope
| 1 |
Echinococcus
|
Enterobius
|
Taenia solium
|
Taenia saginata
|
Microbiology
|
Parasitology
|
00c1dd5b-96c6-4cda-a43c-ad3790a49a5a
|
single
|
In comparison to breast milk, colostrum has a higher content of
|
Colostrum is the milk secreted during the first three days. It is yellow, thick and contains more of antibodies and fat-soluble vitamins.Transitional milk is that secreted during the following 2 weeks and contains plenty of immunoglobulins.This is followed by mature milk which is thin and watery.(refer to pgno: 430 Sheila 2nd edition)
| 2 |
Carbohydrates
|
Fat soluble vitamins
|
Water
|
Potassium
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
General obstetrics
|
11e07dff-2940-4e37-a1f6-361bd427b5b1
|
single
|
Drugs within the following groups react unourably with lithium
|
Causes worsening of lithium toxicity and renal damage
| 1 |
ACE inhibitors
|
Morphine
|
Valproate
|
Antipsychotics
|
Pharmacology
|
All India exam
|
fce0a6db-309c-46db-bd13-3550ab71486f
|
single
|
"Periglomerular" Fibrosis is considered typical of:
|
Chronic pylonephritis
| 1 |
Chronic pylonephritis
|
Chronic glomerulonephritis
|
Aerionephrosclerosis
|
Malignant hypeension
|
Pathology
| null |
8111f865-90ee-4734-995e-2cf697be7756
|
single
|
Which of the following can be ophthalmic complication of DM except -
|
Answer- D. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachmentOcular manifestations of diabetic retinopathy are-1) Non- proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)-MicroaneurysmsRetinal hemorrhageRetinal edema (Retinal thickening)- macular edema.2) Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR)Hallmark of PDR is the occurance of neovascularization3) Diabetic maculopathyCataract (Snowflake snow storm)Myopia (when there is sudden increase in blood sugar level)Rarely hypermetropiaCranial nerve palsy: 3rd (most common),4th, 5th,7th.Diabetic papillopathy
| 4 |
Papillopathy
|
Snowflake cataract
|
Retinopathy
|
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
2315fbec-c20b-4ed7-a1c2-7d351bbedafe
|
multi
|
In the entire human genome, coding DNA constitutes?
|
Ans. a. 2%
| 1 |
2%
|
1%
|
0.10%
|
4%
|
Physiology
| null |
f8dfd273-2779-4e7e-95db-97b24f14189a
|
single
|
Natural disasters are all except -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Accidental radioactive gas leak from factory o A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes,o Accidental radioactive gas leak from factory is most commonly a result of human or mechanical error and thus not a natural disaster.
| 4 |
Floods
|
Tomedo
|
Lightening strike
|
Accidental radioactive gas leak from factory
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Misc.
|
c930d295-dd3a-4012-81c2-e02e452546f0
|
multi
|
DOC for "rapid cyclers" type of bipolar disorder is-
| null | 2 |
Carbamazepine
|
Valproate
|
Phenytoin
|
Lithium
|
Psychiatry
| null |
0874a338-5de1-4c89-ba01-a6fe05ef1242
|
single
|
Surgery is not useful in
| null | 1 |
Cerebral oedema
|
Depressed fracture
|
Extral dural haemorrhage
|
Subdural haemorrhage
|
Surgery
| null |
74c0292e-a07f-41ed-8cde-966664aae7ca
|
single
|
A 40 year old man has chronic cough with fever for several months. The chest radiograph reveals a diffuse reticulondular pattern. Microscopically on transbronchial biopsy there are focal areas of inflammation containing epitheloid cell granuloma, Langhans giant cells, and lymphocytes. These findings are typical for which of the following type of hypersensitivity immunologic responses ?
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Type IV o Presence of epitheloid cell granuloma, Ianghans giant cells and lymphocytes is characteristic of chronic granulomatous inflammation
| 4 |
Type I
|
Type II
|
Type III
|
Type IV
|
Pathology
| null |
208d34d4-744b-423c-a4b5-d001bf14fbde
|
multi
|
Nicotinic acid -
|
Ans. is 'a1 i.e., Increases HDL Nicotinic acid (Niacin)o There are three main type of lipases related to metabolism of lipoproteins -1. Lipoprotein lipase - Present in blood vessels and causes hydrolysis of tryglvceride content of VLDL and chylomicrones.2. Hepatic lipase - Converts IDL to LDL by hydrolysing the triglyceride content of IDL,Hormone sensitive lipase - Present intraceliularly in peripheral tissue and causes intracellular lipolysis by hydrolysing triglycerides.o Niacin (Nicotinic acid) inhibits intracellular lipolysis by inhibiting hormone sensitive lipase - |- intracellular FFA to liver -| triglyceride synthesis.o Niacin also increases the activity of lipoprotein lipase - | hydrolysis of VLDL triglyceride.o Nicotinic acid also reduces the production of VLDL in liver by inhibiting TG-synthesis - indirectly the VLDL degradation products IDL and LDL are also reduced,o Nicotinic acid is the most effective drug to raise HDL-CH.o Increased HDL is due to interference of direct pathway of HDL cholesterol to liver which involves apo-Al - Niacin decreases apo-A1 mediated hepatic clearance,o Nicotinic acid is used in type I, III, IV & V hyperlipoproteinemias.
| 1 |
Increases HDL
|
Increased triglyceride synthesis
|
Type II hyperlipoproteinemia
|
Decreased hydrolysis of VLDL
|
Pharmacology
|
Hypolipidemic
|
e5a54479-48d8-4548-93dd-e640a37f1320
|
single
|
Giant 'a' waves in JVP occur in all except -
|
Because Tricuspid stenosis usually occurs in the presence of other obvious valvulardisease, the diagnosis may be missed unless it is considered. SevereTS is associated with marked hepatic congestion, often resultingin cirrhosis, jaundice, serious malnutrition, anasarca, and ascites.Congestive hepatomegaly and, in cases of severe tricuspid valvedisease, splenomegaly are present. The jugular veins are distended,and in patients with sinus rhythm there may be giant a waves. Thev waves are less conspicuous, and because tricuspid obstructionimpedes RA emptying during diastole, there is a slow y descent.In patients with sinus rhythm there may be prominent presystolicpulsations of the enlarged liver as well. Harrison's principle of internal medicine,18th edition,pg no.1946
| 3 |
Junctional rhythm
|
Pulmonay hypeension
|
Tricuspid regurgitation
|
Complete hea block
|
Medicine
|
C.V.S
|
666192fd-9a22-4afd-8180-b69b38b8fe3a
|
multi
|
The facultative anaerobic bacteria are those who are:
| null | 4 |
Unable to grow in the presence of oxygen
|
Unable to grow in the absence of oxygen
|
Able to grow in the presence of carbon dioxide
|
Able to grow in the presence or absence of oxygen
|
Microbiology
| null |
51279d1a-41eb-416a-8973-f6e4f73d3f3f
|
single
|
Treatment of Hirsutism in PCOD, Drug used is :
|
In PCOD with Hirustism,drugs given are; a.oral contraceptive b.anti androgens Antiandrogens in PCOD Used are spironolactone, cyproterone acetate, Flutamide and Finasteride Spironolactone in a dose of 100-200 mg daily, blocks the androgen receptors, reduces it production and increases its metabolism and thus prevents hirsutism in 60%cases. It is best given with combined oral pills to avoid irregular menstruation and possible feminisation of male fetus during therapy Maintainance dose after 6-12 months is 50mg of spironolactone with oral pills Ref : SHAW'S TEXTBOOKOF GYNECOLOGY; 15th edition; Pg no:117
| 3 |
Menopausal Gonadotropin
|
GnRH
|
Spironolactone
|
Hcg
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
PCOD, hirsutism and galactorrhea
|
1250a0d7-d557-4716-8a76-4b8cf4242fd9
|
single
|
Dermatophyte which does not involve nail
|
Trichophyton - Infect skin, Hair and nail.
Microsporum - Infect skin, Hair.
Epidermophyton - Infect skin, Nail.
| 2 |
Trichophyton
|
Microsporum
|
Epidermophyton
|
None of the above
|
Microbiology
| null |
1039153c-553e-40db-bb19-bb54e696c3a9
|
multi
|
Which of the following is the right order of psycho-sexual development:-
|
Freudian psychosexual stages of developmen Stage Age Erogenous Zone/Activities Oral 0-1 1/2 years Sucking biting chewing Anal 1 1/2 - 3 years Bowel and bladder control Phallic 3-6 years Genitalia Latency 6 - pubey Repression of sexual instincts Genital After pubey Adult sexual inclinations and interests
| 4 |
Oral - Phallic - Anal - Latent - Genital
|
Oral - Anal - Latent - Phallic - Genital
|
Anal - Oral - Phallic - Genital - Latent
|
Oral-Anal-Phallic-Latent - Genital phase
|
Psychiatry
|
Psychiatry Q Bank
|
85f512a5-2d0a-4fd6-a485-da9b5c7bb423
|
multi
|
Hypersecretory glaucoma is seen in-
|
"In epidemic dropsy, the aqueous shows raised level of histamine, prostaglandin and protein suggestion that the glaucoma is hypersecretory". Ref: pediatric Ophthalmology by PK Mukharjee 4th/e p.370
| 1 |
Epidemic dropsy
|
Marfan's syndrome
|
Hypeension
|
Diabetes
|
Ophthalmology
|
Miscellaneous
|
d3d8f25d-b337-4f95-a1dd-88a732da581b
|
single
|
An HIV-positive patient asks you if you can tell him the chances of him progressing to symptomatic AIDS. Which one of the following tests would be most useful?
|
HIV PCR, a nucleic acid amplification test for HIV RNA, has recently been shown to be the most valuable test for: monitoring a patient's progress during triple drug therapy and determining the chances of progression to AIDS. A viral load of 750,000 copies per ml significantly increases the chance of progression to AIDS within 5 years. The other tests listed do not accurately predict progression to AIDS.
| 3 |
CD4 lymphocyte count
|
HIV antibody test
|
HIV PCR
|
Neopterin
|
Microbiology
|
Virology (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses)
|
3eae4df2-379c-4e28-87dc-f3ea2694e8c8
|
single
|
Which of the following is the method of treating internal resorption:
| null | 1 |
Extirpation of pulp and calcium hydroxide dressing
|
b) Extirpation of pulp and formocresol dressing
|
c) Pulpotomy
|
Pulp capping
|
Dental
| null |
1dc7c9d3-fdc7-4853-a1ee-103586d19a68
|
single
|
Not seen in the first decade -
|
Ameloblastoma is not a childhood tumor.
Other three are childhood malignancies.
| 4 |
Retino blastoma
|
Rhabdomyosarcoma
|
Neuroblastoma
|
Ameloblastoma
|
Pediatrics
| null |
4eec5b7a-ec4d-4b40-a20f-44366dbee9d0
|
single
|
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