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True about simple randomization is-
|
Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine 23rd edition *With this procedure,the sample is drawn in such a way that each unit has an equal chance of being drawn in the sample.
| 1 |
Every person has an equal chance of selection
|
Less number of samples are obtained
|
Also known as systemic randomization
|
Groups are not distributed
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Biostatistics
|
e394ef15-5500-49e4-98f1-2b33a58966a8
|
multi
|
Consider the following in a newborn:1, Hea rate of 1102. Slow and Irregular respiratory effo3. Flaccid muscle tone4. No reflex irritability5. Blue colorWhat is the Apgar score in this case?
|
For blue color point 0, for hea rate more than 110 points 2, for flaccid muscle tone point 0, for Slow and irregular respiratory movements point 1. For APGAR score, Refer page no 535 of Textbook of obstetrics, Sheila Balakrishnan, 2 nd edition.
| 2 |
1
|
3
|
5
|
7
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Fetus
|
89ebd2e5-ed57-45d5-9c49-3ec6b1ada95d
|
single
|
Leukoplakia with the worst prognosis is seen on the:
| null | 2 |
Dorsum of tongue
|
Floor of mouth
|
Buccal mucosa
|
Palate
|
Pathology
| null |
954c8c16-c92b-42b2-9dd0-d682220c0fef
|
single
|
Endoplasmic reticulum is not involved in ?
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., DNA synthesis Endoplasmic reticulum are involved in :-Rough ER : Protein synthesis (hormones, enzymes etc.)Smooth ER: Triglyceride synthesis, steroid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, Phospholipid synthesis, fatty acid chain elongation.
| 3 |
Protein synthesis
|
Steroid synthesis
|
DNA synthesis
|
Triglyceride synthesis
|
Biochemistry
| null |
e85cbc6d-0eb2-4d62-93fe-1b90d911142a
|
single
|
In a young patient presenting with recurrent vitreous hemorrhage, diagnosis is-
|
Ans. (a) Eale's diseaseRef: Pearson's 22/e, p. 344Eale's disease is characterized by recurrent bilateral vitreous hemorrhage in young adult (20 - 30 yrs) males.
| 1 |
Eale's disease
|
CRVO
|
Proliferative retinopathy
|
Coat's disease
|
Ophthalmology
|
Retina
|
fa9c33dd-b81b-4b0e-9db9-d7f293c98b68
|
single
|
Genital elephantiasis is caused by -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Lymphogranuloma venerum Lymphogranuloma venerum (lymphogranuloma inguinale)o LGV is caused by chlamydia trachomatis , serotypes LI, L2, L3. Serotype L2 is the most common cause. The clinical course of LGV consist of following three stages: -1) First stage (Primary LGV) : - Self limited, Single, asymptomatic, painless, nonbleeding genital ulcer.2) Secondary stage : - Painful inguinal lymphadenopathy (Remember - Ulcer is pain less but lymphodenopathy is tender & painful). Swollen lymph nodes coalesce to form bubos , i.e., matted lymph nodes. Buboes may rupture to form discharging sinus. Groove's sign - Enlarge lymph nodes both above and below inguinal ligament.3) Tertiary LGV (genitorectal syndrome): - Characterized by proctocolitis.o Complications of LGV1) Esthiomene Enlargement, thickening and fibrosis of labia.2) Elephantiasis of the genitals3) Rectal stricture4) Systemic - Arthritis, pneumonitis, Perihepatitiso Frei's test was used for diagnosis (not used now)o Treatment - Doxycycline/tetracycline is DOC. Erythromycin is an alternative.
| 4 |
Donovanosis
|
Congenital syphilis
|
Herpes genitalis
|
Lymphogranuloma venerum
|
Microbiology
|
Misc.
|
1a740e89-c07d-4cfb-bfbb-ef18ef802f73
|
single
|
A 2 year old child comes with ear discharge, seborrheic dermatitis, polyuria and hepatos- plenomegaiy. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Langerhan's cell histiocytosis o Langherhans cells histiocytosis is a histocvtic. disorder most commonly characterized bv a single or multiple osteolytic bone lesions demonstrating infiltration with histiocytes.o Histiocytic disorders are derived from mononuclear phagocytic cells (macrophages) and dendritic cells which have several different originl and locations.o The generic term histiocyte refers to several types of cells including langherhan cells, monocytes/macrophages and dermal/interstitial dendritic cells.o Langherhans cells histiocytosis is so named because the morphology and the immunophenotype of the abnormal cells is similar to that of langherhans cells which are specialized dendritic cells found in skin and mucosa.o Gene expression array data have shown that skin langherhan cells is not the cell of origin for LCH rather it is a myeloid dendritic cell that express the same antigen (CDla, CD207) as the skin langherhans cells.o For now 'langherhan cell histiocytosis remains the preferred nomenclature, although new termanology may evolve when the precise origin of CD 207 cells in LCH is fully understood.o The historical terms histiocytosis X, letterer siwe disease, hand schuller Christian disease and diffuse reticuloendotheliosis should be abandoned.o The term eosinophilic granuloma can sometimes be used to describe pathology of langherhan s cells histiocytosis.Diagnosis of LCHo LCH is diagnosed upon biopsyo A biopsy of an osteolytic bone lesion or skin lesion is generally preferred.# Langherhan cells are recognized on the basis of morphological criteria# The identity must then be confirmed by either positive immunohistochemical staining for CD1a and CD207 by the identification of Birbeck granules.o Biopsy of involved tissue usually demonstrates heterogenous collection of langherhan cells with eosinophils, neutrophils, small lymphocytes and histiocytes.Morphology of the langherhan cells# Langherhan cells are large oval mononuclear cells with few cytoplasmic vacuoles, little or no phagocytic material and slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm.# Nucleus is prominent with fine chromatin and thin nuclear membranes with grooved folded or indented nuclear contours imparting twisted towel.# Unlike dermal langherhan cells these cells do not have dendritic cell processes.# Similar to dermal langherhan cells, those in LCH express the histiocyte marker CDla. S100 and CD207 and contain Birbeck granules.Birbeck granules# Intracytoplasmic rod shaped organelles with central striations that can be demonstrated on electron microscopy.# Occasionally there is terminal vesicular dilatation giving the Birbeck granules the appearance of "tennis racket". | ||||||||Bone (77%)Skin (39%)LyphnodesLiverSpleenOral mucosaLung (10%)CNS (16%)o Occurs in majority of patientso Usually asymptomatico Lytic 'punched' out lesiono Usually present as eczematous rasho Ulcerative lesions in axilla inguinal folds genitalia or perianal regiono Seborrhic dermatitiso Lymphadenopathyo Enlarged thymus or mediastinal nodeso Hepatic dysfunctiono Hepatomao Sclerosing cholangitiso Massive Splenomegalyo Cytopeniaso Intra oral masso Gingivitiso Mucosal ulcerso Loose teetho Non productive cough dyspnoea chest pain or constitutional symptomso Risk of CNS invol- ment varies with bone involvemento CNS inolve- ment occurs more with involvement of facial and anterior middle cranial fossao Diabetes insipidus and symptoms of neuro- degeneration
| 3 |
Leukemia
|
Lymphoma
|
Langerhan's cell histiocytosis
|
Germ cell tumor
|
Medicine
|
Blood
|
05a2ae45-ac1e-4854-9314-8a326f4a3fa8
|
single
|
Pre-cancerous lesion of bone?
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., All of above Pre-cancerous lesion of bone Multiple exostoses Ollier's disease Benign giant cell tumor Osteoblastoma Chondroblastoma Chronic osteomyelitis Paget's disease
| 4 |
Paget disease
|
Chronic osteomyelitis
|
Benign giant cell tumor
|
All of above
|
Pediatrics
| null |
71166df5-fb80-4925-b092-02c24ca3b5d6
|
multi
|
All are true about P-value except
|
• ‘Type I error is usually fixed in advance’ by the choice of level of significance employed in the test
• Type I error is more serious than Type II error
• Power of a test: 1 – b
– Is probability of rejecting a Null hypothesis when a predetermined clinically significant difference is indeed present
– Power can be increased by increasing the no. of subjects in a trial
| 4 |
Is the probability of committing Type-I error
|
When P-value is less than a, the result is statistically significant
|
Is the chance that the presence of difference is concluded when actually there is none
|
Is equal to 1-b
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
7b2f5b5e-b71d-47e1-b796-b4511d52912a
|
multi
|
Which of the following TRUE about rhinosporidiosis? NOT RELATED - ENT
|
Presents as a nasal polyp Rhinosporidiosis - It is fungal granuloma caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. The disease mostly affects nose and nasopharynx The disease is acquired through contaminated water of ponds and cow-pets Presents as a leafy, polypoidal mass, pink to purple in colour and attached to nasal septum or lateral wall, sometimes it extends into the nasopharynx and may hang behind the soft palate The mass is very vascular and bleeds easily on touch its surface is studded with white dots representing the sporangia of fungus Early stages complains of nasal discharge which is often blood-tinged or nasal stuffiness Sometimes frank epistaxis is the only presenting complaint Diagnosis is made by biopsy, not possible to culture Treatment - complete excision of the mass with diathermy knife and cauterization of its base, Dapsone has been tried with some success.
| 3 |
The most common organism is Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis
|
Seen only in immunocompromised patients
|
Presents as a nasal polyp
|
Can be diagnosed by isolation of the organism
|
Pharmacology
|
All India exam
|
6419594a-fc15-4b9d-8f81-475aeef91b36
|
multi
|
You have treated the simple and undisplaced fracture of shaft of right tibia in a nine year girl with above knee plaster cast. Parents want to know the prognosis of union of the fractured limb which was affected by polimoyelitis four years age. What is the bet possible advice will you offer to the parents ?
|
"There is no significant delay in the rate of fracture healing in poliomyelitis". — Skeletal injury in children
| 3 |
Fracture will unite slowly
|
Fracture will not unite
|
Fracture will unite normally
|
Fracture will unite on attaining puberty
|
Orthopaedics
| null |
1b3e5bc0-050e-4828-aee1-477ffec874d8
|
multi
|
Following are listed as (SpA) spondyloahritis features except
|
The spondyloahritides is a group of overlapping disorders that share ceain clinical features and genetic associations. These disorders include ankylosing spondylitis (AS), reactive ahritis, psoriatic ahritis and spondylitis, enteropathic ahritis and spondylitis, juvenile onset spondyloahritis (SpA), and undifferentiated SpA. The similarities in clinical manifestations and genetic predisposition suggest that these disorders share pathogenic mechanisms. Reference: Harrison&;s Principles of Internal Medicine; 20th edition; Chapter 384;
| 4 |
Dactylitis
|
Enthesitis
|
HLA b27
|
Cervical sprain
|
Orthopaedics
|
Spinal injuries
|
570e4f29-6447-4374-8971-5413558605f8
|
multi
|
False about Japanese encephalitis:
|
No Man to Man transmission.
| 3 |
Pigs are amplifier hosts
|
Culicine mosquitoes are vectors
|
Man to Man transmission
|
Case fatality rate is about 20-40%
|
Medicine
| null |
4a0862b4-bcbf-4550-96ac-bfcc283e4e92
|
multi
|
There is no interruption in the axons but disruption of the myelin sheath is called:
|
(Neuropraxia) (51-M) (230-Apley's 8th)NEUROPRAXIA - It is due to mechanical pressure causing segmental demyelination and is seen typically in "crutch palsy" pressure paralysis in states of drunkenness (Saturday night palsy) and the milder types of tourniquet palsy.* Reversible physiological nerve conduction block in which there is loss of some types of sensation and muscle power followed by spontaneous recovery after a few days or weeks.Type of injuryPathologyDegenerationTinel's sign* Neurapraxia- Physiologically interruption anatomically normalNilAbsent* Axonotmesis- Axons broken nerve intactProximally + distallyAdvancing* Neurotmesis- Axons as well as nerve brokenProximally + distallyStatic
| 1 |
Neuropraxia
|
Axonotmesis
|
Neurotmesis
|
Transient ischaemia
|
Orthopaedics
|
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
|
d2dab956-17f0-478e-a3ef-7328bcea7f7d
|
multi
|
All of the following statements are true about Hemolytic uramic syndrome except -
| null | 4 |
Uraemia
|
Hypofibhrinogenemia
|
Thrombocytopenia
|
Positive coomb's test
|
Medicine
| null |
a328c84c-a7f6-46ab-ae92-feba3ea74242
|
multi
|
The reciprocal inhibition of antagonist muscle upon lateral gaze is explained by
|
A i.e. Sherrington's law
| 1 |
Sherrington's law
|
Hering's law
|
Laplace law
|
Hick's law
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
02b56e1d-0bbb-4e12-a734-1bf586d338cb
|
single
|
Thyroxine is synthesized from:
|
In dopaminergic cells in the brain, tyrosine is conveed to levodopa by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH).TH is the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine.In the adrenal medulla, tyrosine is conveed into the catecholamine hormones norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine.The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in the colloid of the thyroid also are derived from tyrosine.
| 3 |
Phenylalanine
|
Tryptophan
|
Tyrosine
|
None of the above
|
Biochemistry
| null |
c6c17aeb-7a98-4e2a-9d65-dc61fa27fa3e
|
multi
|
In Schwaz formula for calculation of creatinine clearance in a child, the constant depends on the following EXCEPT
|
Schwaz formula (for creatine clearance in child) is Creatinine clearance = K x height/creatinine K = constant that depends upon age, muscle mass, method of creatinine estimation.
| 4 |
Age
|
Method of estimation of creatinine
|
Mass
|
Severity of renal failure
|
Pediatrics
|
Acute and Chronic Kidney Disease
|
f71da4b0-570c-4f4e-b3d8-1d481dbd2c25
|
multi
|
30-year old male presents with flaccid bullae on an erythematous base and erosions over the oral mucous membrane. The blisters developed painful erosions rupture. What would be the most likely finding on an immunofluorescent examination of the sl biopsy of this patient?
|
Ans. c. Fish net IgG deposition in epidermis
| 3 |
Lincear IgA deposition in dermopeidermal junction
|
Linear IgG deposition in dermoepidermal junction
|
Fish net IgG deposition in epidermis
|
Granular deposits of IgA in dermal papillae
|
ENT
| null |
dd88479d-12d2-419e-9d78-1175aaafe823
|
single
|
A 38-year-old man presented with episodes of severe headache. CNS imaging shows evidence of coical sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT). His mother has history of spontaneous recurrent DVT of bilateral lower limbs. Which of the following testing is the least likely to be indicated in this patient?
|
The patient is likely to have a hypercoagulable state, which is responsible for thrombosis at unusual site (coical venous sinus). There is positive family history of thrombosis also, indicating the underlying risk factor to be inherited. Hypercoagulable States: Primary (Genetic) Factor V Leiden mutation Prothrombin G20210A mutation (noncoding sequence variant leading to increased prothrombin levels) Increased levels of factors VIII, IX, XI, or fibrinogen (genetics unknown) Antithrombin III deficiency Protein C deficiency Protein S deficiency Fibrinolysis defects Homozygous homocystinuria (deficiency of cystathione b-synthetase) - increased homocysteine level Antiphospholipid antibodies are found in APLA syndrome which gives rise to secondary (acquired) hypercoagulable state.
| 1 |
Antiphospholipid antibodies
|
Factor V Leiden mutation
|
Plasma homocysteine level
|
Plasma antithrombin level
|
Pathology
|
Myocardial Infarction
|
a3f7d154-56c9-4d61-b975-c6ba2e902d3b
|
single
|
Which among the following is false about Non Bacterial Thrombotic Embolism(NBTE) :
|
Vegetation in SLE Vegetation in NBTE Small, sterile, firm Both surface of valve Lower surface> upper surface Libman sack endocarditis Marantic endocarditis Along the line of closure Non invasive Don't elicit inflammatory reaction Small, Sterile Friable: Embolism Seen in - Ca Pancreases- AML M3 Vegetation of IE Vegetation Of RHD Large, multiple Friable High risk of embolism Vegetation at periphery Deposition of bacteria in multiple Organ like kidney and Brain. Small, sterile Along line of closure Firm - less chance of embolism
| 3 |
Marantic endocarditis
|
Thrombi on the leaflets of the cardiac valves
|
Vegetations elicit inflammatory reaction
|
Non invasive in nature
|
Pathology
|
Endocarditis
|
ce4d3e8f-d66f-465e-8446-211b32aa43d6
|
multi
|
With respect to anorexia nervosa following is true except -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Menorrhagia ANOREXIA NERVOSAo The term "anorexia nervosa " is a misnomer as loss of appetite is a rare symptom. This disorder is characterized by self imposed dietary restrictions leading to malnutrition and severe weight loss.Clinical featureso Females are far more commonly affected than males. Onset usually occurs between the age of 10-30 years, usually in mid adolescence. A deliberate and persistent restriction of food is usually the earliest presenting symptom. There is intense fear of becoming of obese, even if body becomes very thin and underweight,o There is a body-image disturbance. The person is unable to perceive the body size accurately,o Some patients cannot continuously control their voluntary restriction of food intake and So have eating binges. These binges usually occur secretly and often at night and are frequently followed by self-induced vomiting. Patients abuse laxatives and even diuretics to lose iveight, and ritualistic exercising, extensive cycling, walking, jogging and running are common activities.o Patients with anorexia nervosa exhibit peculiar behavior about food. They hide food all over the house, frequently carry large quantities of candies in their pockets and purses. They try to dispose of food in their napkins or hide in their pockets, while eating meals. They cut their meat into very small pieces and spend a great deal of time rearranging the pieces on their plates,o There is significant weight loss and patient is underweight.o Amenorrhea is seen in almost all women and loss of libido may occur in male patients. There may be poor sexual adjustment.o Obsessive compulsive neurosis, depression and anxiety like psychiatric illness may coexist,o Complications of malnutrition may occur, e.g., hypoglycemia, hypothermia, low BP, bradycardia, leucopenia, endocrine changes (raised GH and Cortisol, reduced gonadotrophin), and appearance of lanugo hair.
| 4 |
Phobic avoidance of normal weight
|
Overperception of body image
|
Self induced vomiting
|
Menorrhagia
|
Psychiatry
|
Personality Disorders
|
87cc96c0-7e67-4304-a113-4daa6ee41126
|
multi
|
All are true about primary CNS lymphoma except
|
Primary CNS lymphoma accounts for 2% of extra-nodal lymphomas and 1% of intra-cranial tumors. It is the most common CNS neoplasm in immunosuppressed individuals, including those with AIDS and immunosuppression after
transplantation. Most primary brain lymphomas are of B-cell origin. In the setting of immunosuppression, the cells in nearly all such tumors are latently infected by Epstein-Barr virus. Overall, primary lymphomas of the CNS are aggressive, with relatively poor response to chemotherapy compared with peripheral lymphomas. Diffuse large-cell B-cell lymphomas are the most common histologic group. Within the tumor malignant cells infiltrate the parenchyma of the brain and accumulate around blood vessels. Reticulin stains demonstrate that the infiltrating cells are separated from one another by silver-staining material; this pattern, referred to as “hooping,” is characteristic of primary brain lymphoma.
| 2 |
Most primary brain lymphomas are of B-cell origin.
|
Anaplastic large cell lymphomas are the most common histologic group.
|
Hooping is characteristic of primary brain lymphoma.
|
Primary lymphomas of the CNS are aggressive
|
Unknown
| null |
89336c3b-995d-4186-9568-97c5ab4df025
|
multi
|
A young boy presented with lesion over his right buttock which had peripheral scaling and central scarring. The investigation of choice would be –
|
The boy is having lupus vulgaris because the lesions have central scarring.
Central Scarring is a feature of lupus vulgaris.
Diagnosis of lupus vulgaris is confirmed by Biopsy.
Remember
Feature
Central clearing
Central Scarring
Central Crusting
Disease
Tinea corporis
Lupus Vulgaris
Leishmaniasis
Investigation
KOH Smear
Biopsy
LD body demonstration
| 3 |
Tzank Smear
|
KOH preparation
|
Biopsy
|
Saboraud's agar
|
Dental
| null |
2f12aa4d-cba6-4a47-a881-8b27c5b854cc
|
single
|
A ventrolateral cordotomy is performed to produce relief of pain from the right leg. It is effective because it interrupts the:
|
Answer is B (Left Lateral Spinothalamic tract): `Neurosurgical Operations on the Spinal Cord' Pain sensations from the right leg are carried the contralateral Lateral Spinothalamic tract. Ventrolateral cordotomy (surgical procedure of ablating selected pain conducting tracts) of the Left Spinothalamic Tract should effectively relieve pain from the right lower extremity. Ventrolateral Cordotomy Ventrolateral cordotomy is a surgical procedures in which the spinal anterolateral ascending system, for transmission of nociception (pain) known as the spinothalamic tract is interrupted for the relief of severe, intractible pain (cancer pain) not responding to any other conventional measures of pain control. Ventrolateral cordotomy can be performed by both, percutaneous and open surgical techniques. Ventrolateral cordotomy has been shown to be most effective in the treatment of intermittent shooting pain and evoked pain such as allodynia and hyperpathia, which is essentially mediated by the Lateral Spinothalamic Tract. The optimal candidate for such a procedure is a patient with unilateral severe pain (usually with malignant cancer) not adequately treated with less invasive measures. Fibres carrying sensation of 'pain' decussate (cross obliquely) to the opposite side within the spinal cord (over one to five segments) and ascend in the contralateral white column as the Lateral spinothalamic Tract. The Left spinothalamic tract carries sensation of pain from the Right side of the body. Cordotomy (ventrolateral) therefore aims to interrupt the lateral spinothalamic tract ascending contralaterallv to the painful side. Fibres carrying sensation of pain' decussate (cross obliquely) to the opposite side within the spinal cord and ascend in the contralateral white column as the Lateral Spinothalamic Tract.
| 2 |
Left Dorsal Column
|
Left Lateral Spinothalamic tract
|
Right Lateral Spinothalamic tract
|
Right Coicospinal tract
|
Medicine
| null |
1a65738c-e56d-4f28-af4f-69fb3bd92730
|
single
|
Most common complication of central venous catheter
|
C i.e. Catheter related infection
| 3 |
Local bleeding
|
Thrombosis
|
Catheter related infection
|
Pneumotherax
|
Anaesthesia
| null |
e0ef736f-4115-4fa1-9b48-3891bb54be93
|
single
|
Di's collar is seen in the following condition:
|
After the bullet has perforated the skin, the elasticity of the skin causes the skin defect to contract. The skin is abraded (abrasion collar) around the hole due to rubbing of the gyrating body of the bullet against the inveed epidermis and heat of the bullet. A black coloured ring "grease or di collar" (bullet wipe soiling) is seen as narrow ring of skin, lining the defect, and is sharply outlined. This is caused from the removal of substances from the bullet as it passes through the skin. It is more marked in a distant shot. Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by K S Narayan Reddy, 27th edition, Page 196.
| 1 |
Firearm entry
|
Firearm exit wound
|
Both of the above
|
None of the above
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
2b8807a8-a56c-4157-bf33-ea6d0c501788
|
multi
|
Low serum haptoglobin in hemolysis is masked by-
|
Robbins basic pathology 8th edition, page no 424, Answer is option 1, bile duct obstruction Actually in hemolysis haptoglobin level decreases because some hemoglobin invariably escapes into the plasma. It is problably absent also. Haptoglobin is a circulating protein that binds and clears free hemoglobin. But the decreased level of haptoglobin is masked by the bile suct obstruction.
| 1 |
Bile duct obstruction
|
Liver disease
|
Malnutrition
|
Pregnacy
|
Pathology
|
Haematology
|
ada06b48-ed31-45ca-8ce6-cf1fbcc6fe7b
|
single
|
Severe generalized edema is called as:
|
Severe generalized edema is called as Anasarca/dropsy.
| 2 |
Pitting edema.
|
Anasarca.
|
Myxoedema
|
Dependent edema
|
Pathology
| null |
89a5d955-df24-45fa-9d07-3389dd876196
|
multi
|
Uterine height is greater than gestational age of the patient in a case of all except -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., IUGR o Uterine height greater than gestational age in case of:a) Wrong datesb) Polyhydramniosc) Pregnancy with fibroid uterusd) Multiple pregnancy
| 2 |
Fibroid uterus
|
IUGR
|
Wrong dates
|
Polyhydramnios
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Malformation of the Female Generative Organs
|
3c0cc99f-705c-466e-8748-23cdeda3ce4d
|
multi
|
Which is non lymphatic filarisis
| null | 1 |
Loa loa
|
Wucheria bancrofti
|
Brugia malai
|
Brugia timori
|
Microbiology
| null |
3f7b2a40-d05a-4bb4-bf80-4bbe5ff611b7
|
single
|
Which of the following health committee recommended a medical and health education commission for reform in health and medical education on the times of University Grants Commission?
| null | 1 |
Shrivastav Committee
|
Mukerji Committee
|
Chadah Committee
|
Kartar Singh Committee
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
18c5cfb1-c934-47b5-8552-af9b58dcb634
|
single
|
Ability of an organism to induce clinically apparent illness is known as:
|
Infectivity: It is the ability of an infectious agent to invade and multiply in a host. Pathogenicity: It is the ability of an organism to induce clinically apparent illness. Virulence: It is the propoion of clinical cases resulting in severe clinical disease. Ref: Park, 21st Edition, Page 34.
| 2 |
Infectivity
|
Pathogenicity
|
Virulence
|
Viability
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
418a334c-586e-4033-a843-77af1134c4ae
|
multi
|
True statement regarding ileum is -
|
Lymphatic patches (peyer's patches) are placed lengthwise along the antimesenteric border of the intestine.
Vili in ileum is finger-like.
The ileum is a midgut derivative and is therefore supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.
Ileum joins the caecum on posterior-medial aspect of coecum.
| 2 |
Tongue shaped villi in the lumen
|
Lymphatic patch along antimesenteric border
|
Supplied by inferior mesenteric vessels
|
Joins caecum at anterior surface
|
Anatomy
| null |
79ac19dd-7907-4a39-a8eb-62e7ce58aed2
|
multi
|
Pericardial space is present between -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e.. Parietal and visceral pericardium o Pericardial space (pericardial cavity) lies between parietal serous pericardium and visceral serous pericardium.
| 4 |
Endocardium and pericardium
|
Epicardium and pericardium
|
Endocardium and epicardium
|
Parietal and visceral pericardium
|
Anatomy
|
Pericardium & Heart
|
862aa969-e839-4cd4-a68e-d3deb058111a
|
single
|
The Principal site of absorption of Sodium is :
|
A i.e. Proximal convoluted tubuleNormally about 60% of the filtered Na+ is reabsorbed in the proximal tubuleQ.Sodium ReabsorptionPercentageSite60%Proximal tubuleQ (by N a+ - H+ exchange)30%Thick ascending limb (by Na+ - 2C1+ - K+ cotranspo)7%Distal convoluted tubule (by Na+ - Cl- cotranspo)3%Collecting duct. ( ENaC channels)
| 1 |
Proximal convoluted tubule
|
Distal convoluted tubule
|
Loop of Henle (thick poion)
|
Collecting duct
|
Physiology
| null |
29c8b7ba-f249-4155-b5a8-fc5d8e8232d5
|
single
|
Which of the following is not a pa of management in grade III dog bite infected with rabies?
|
1. Wound should never be stitched immediately to prevent additional trauma that may help in spread of the virus in the deeper tissue. 2. "If suturing is necessary, then it has to be done after 24-48 hrs later, applying minimum stitches under the coverage of anti rabies serum locally"- Park. 3. Cleansing - wound should be scrubbed well immediately with soap & water - soap kills the virus effectively. 4. Chemical treatment- wound is treated with quaternary ammonium compounds (like cetavlon or tincture iodine) 5. Category III (Major risk): Type of exposure- Single or multiple transdermal bites with oozing of blood, Licks on broken skin (fresh wounds) or mucous membrane, Bite by wild animals /bat. Recommended prophylaxis (WHO)- Wound management, Rabies immunoglobulin, Rabies vaccine, Observe the dog for 10 days.
| 2 |
Vaccination
|
Stitch the wound with antibiotic coverage
|
Wash with soap and water.
|
Administration of anti-rabies serum and vaccination.
|
Microbiology
|
Virology Pa-2 (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses)
|
c6144774-b0e1-4d97-9d00-6105347504f0
|
single
|
Virus responsible for non immune hydrops foetalis is?
|
Parvovirus is the commonest infectious etiology for hydrops foetalis. The other viruses implicated include Cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B virus, Herpes simplex virus, Rubella virus and Adenovirus. Ref : Dutta book of obstetrics 8th Ed
| 4 |
Cytomegalovirus
|
Herpes simplex virus
|
Hepatitis B virus
|
Parvovirus
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
All India exam
|
91dfa7a4-321c-4e45-8b8d-f6fe7622f7dd
|
single
|
Abdominal pain, fat malabsorption and frothy stools suggests of
|
Giardia lamblia is an intestinal flagellate , infection acquired by ingestion of contaminated water and food and also by ano- oral sexual practice The parasite attaches itself to the epithelial surface of duodenum and jejunum causes a disturbance of intestinal function , leading to malabsorption of fat .patient complaints of loose stool and steatorroea. Baveja textbook of parasitology , 3rd edition.
| 3 |
Amoebiasis
|
Bacillary dysentry
|
Giardiasis
|
Pancreatic enzyme deficiency
|
Microbiology
|
parasitology
|
9786a3f5-290b-4109-8cd8-1c9db0024043
|
single
|
Most common cause of placenta pre:
|
A history of prior cesarean section and uterine curettage are significantly associated in patients with placenta pre. Placenta pre is most commonly found in Multiparous but most common cause is Previous cesarean section.
| 4 |
Myomectomy
|
Primigravida
|
Multigravida
|
Previous cesarean section
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Antepaum Haemorrhage
|
292bd4f0-eddb-4529-9ff5-e95b1b48e2b8
|
single
|
Pulp therapy which sweet name associated with
| null | 1 |
Formocresol pulpotomy
|
Beech wood cresol pulpotomy
|
Non vital pulpotomy
|
Pulpectomy
|
Dental
| null |
d8ca012c-511b-4c9b-8fd9-f0c058401ef1
|
single
|
36 year G2 P1 comes for antenatal visit at 10 weeks gestation. Her first child was female with ambiguous genitalia at birth, died at 6 months of age due to metabolic problem. Since this is her precious pregnancy, How would you counsel regarding risk of having child with ambiguous genitalia
|
This case scenario is suggestive of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. This is autosomal recessive disorder.
So, if any couple has had one affected child, subsequent baby has 1 in 4 chance of having similar disability.
| 3 |
No risk of having affected child in subsequent pregnancies
|
Double the risk of having affected child
|
Baby will have one in four chance of having same disability
|
This pregnancy is unaffected, but future pregnancies carry high risk
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
bed15719-16d1-45b9-874c-3825ddbcc374
|
single
|
Which of the following is an example of a directly acting toxin?
|
Directly acting toxins:
Some toxins act directly by combining with a critical molecular component or cellular organelle. For example, in mercuric chloride poisoning, mercury binds to the sulfhydryl groups of various cell membrane proteins, causing inhibition of ATP-dependent transport and increased membrane permeability.
| 2 |
Acetaminophen
|
Mercuric chloride
|
Carbon tetrachloride
|
Bromobenzene
|
Pathology
| null |
84417b6d-a932-48f4-b1ca-078df22f57b5
|
single
|
Hymen tear in virgin is most commonly located at -
|
Ref: Textbook of Forensic medicine and toxicology (V.V.Pillay) 17th edition, page no.355 As a result of sexualintercourse, hymen is usually torn posteriorly, with unilateral or bilateral tears extending to the point of its attachment to the vaginal wall. These ruptures bleed freely when, heal by scar formation.
| 1 |
4-8 O'clock
|
5-11 O'clock
|
9-12 O'clock
|
1-6 O'clock
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Sexual offences and infanticide
|
6dc6210e-8c74-42d7-b634-81a5d25ae8db
|
single
|
Which does not handle free radicals inside lens –
|
Enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms :- Reduced glutathione (most important), glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase.
Non-enzymatic defence mechanisms :- Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and possibly carotenoids.
Some textbooks have also mentioned vitamin A as an anti-oxidant in lens. But, the best answer here is vitamin A because all other options have been mentioned as anti-oxidants in all textbooks, while vitamin A has been mentioned only in some textbooks.
| 1 |
Vitamin A
|
Vitamin C
|
Vitamin E
|
Catalase
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
cba03ded-f472-4c22-b7c9-c4874e285cc1
|
single
|
Which of the following investigation is BEST used for placental localization?
|
The most accurate method for localisation of placenta is ultrasonogram. Its advantages are: It carries no risk to mother and fetus. It is the only method by which edge of the placenta can be seen, which helps in deciding the mode of delivery. Placental tissue shows up an area of fine speckling. Its fetal surface appear as a fine line and is seen readily when the placenta is attached to the anterior uterine wall. When on the posterior wall it is not so easily seen unless there is a sufficient interface between the pool of liquor and the placenta. Ref: Manual Of Obstetrics (2Nd Edition) By Daftary page 233.
| 2 |
X-ray
|
Ultrasonography
|
Amniography
|
Clinically
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
5ebc1f87-ac38-455e-a1d1-17935e1dbd1b
|
multi
|
Largest diameter of pelvic cavity: March 2013
|
Ans. D i.e. All are same Maternal pelvis MC type: Gynaecoid Platypelloid/ flat pelvis: Transverse diameter is more than AP diameter Least common type of pelvis: Platypelloid Deep transverse arrest/ persistent occipito posterior position is common in: Android pelvis AP diameter more than transverse diameter: Anthropoid pelvis Face to pubis delivery is common in: Anthropoid pelvis Shoest diameter of pelvic inlet: Obstetric conjugate
| 4 |
Anteroposterior
|
Oblique
|
Transverse
|
All are same
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
afb42df6-c1d4-4439-b60e-e521657a2bc0
|
multi
|
Deep brain stimulation used in treatment of?
|
Ans. B.)Parkinsonism Deep brain stimulation It is a neurosurgical procedure involving the implantation of a medical device called a neurostimulator (sometimes referred to as a 'brain pacemaker'), which sends electrical impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (brain nuclei) for the treatment of movement and neuropsychiatric disorders. DBS in select brain regions has provided therapeutic benefits for otherwise-treatment-resistant disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, chronic pain, major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved DBS as a treatment for essential tremor and Parkinson's disease in 1997, dystonia in 2003, and OCD in 2009.DBS is also used in research studies to treat chronic pain, PTSD,and has been used to treat various affective disorders, including major depression; none of these applications of DBS have yet been FDA-approved.
| 2 |
Depression
|
Parkinsonism
|
Dementia
|
Delirium
|
Psychiatry
| null |
02db3460-aa5a-44a4-adff-c11e1ef35665
|
single
|
The persistent suppression of bacterial growth that may occur after limited exposure to some antimicrobial drug is called?
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Post antibiotic effect
| 3 |
Time dependent killing
|
Concentration dependent killing
|
Post antibiotic effect
|
Sequential blockade
|
Pharmacology
| null |
6b62a0b3-2adc-4321-a3a4-8a3af08c0512
|
multi
|
Normally, the rate of the heart beat in a human is determined by:
| null | 3 |
The bundle of His
|
All cardiac muscle
|
The sinoatrial node
|
The cervical ganglion
|
Physiology
| null |
662966dd-56e9-4df6-baf0-9093a8b92c4d
|
multi
|
Most commonly varicose veins are seen with :
|
Ans. is 'a' ie. long saphenous vein (Schwart, 7/e, p 1021) (not mentioned in 8/e)" The usual distribution of veins is below the knee in branches of the greater saphenous system*
| 1 |
Long saphenous vein
|
Short saphenous vein
|
Both
|
popliteal and femoral vein
|
Surgery
|
Varicose Veins
|
7dd2a7bb-d87f-4a49-8c83-ba4a7fa424e5
|
multi
|
Which is not produced enteroendocrinally
|
Enteroendocrinal cells are the hormone secreting cells present in the glands or mucosa of the GIT particularly stomach & intestine. The enteroendocrinal cells present in gastric glands are
G cells- secrete gastrin
Enterochromaffin (EC) cells- secrete serotonin
Enterochromaffin like (ECL) cells- secrete histamine
| 1 |
Intrinsic factor
|
Secretin
|
Motilin
|
GIP
|
Physiology
| null |
59612fe0-6641-4c4c-acaa-483171f65def
|
multi
|
Charles Phillips procedure?
|
Ans. C. Recurrent small bowel obstruction. (Ref LB 25th pg. 1198)Rx of acute intestinal obstruction# GI drainage# Fluid and electrolyte replacement# Relief of obstruction# Surgical Rx is necessary for most cases of intestinal obstruction but should be delayed until resuscitation is complete, provided there is no sign of strangulation or evidence of closed-loop obstruction.Indications for early surgical intervention# Obstructed or strangulated external hernia# Internal intestinal strangulation# Acute obstructionRX OF RECURRENT INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION DUE TO ADHESIONSSeveral procedures may be considered in the presence of recurrent obstruction, including:# Repeat adhesiolysis (enterolysis) alone;# Noble's plication operation;# Charles Phillipss transmesenteric plication;# intestinal intubation.Their relative efficacy remains unclear.In Noble's intestinal plication all involved intestine is freed. Adjacent coils (average length 15-20 cm) are sutured with serosal sutures to form gentle curves. If only a proportion of the small bowel is plicated, the mesentery must be united to prevent internal hernias. This procedure is time-consuming, and associated with a high morbidity and recurrent symptoms.In the Charles-Phillips operation. following adhesiolysis, the bowel is placed in an orderly fashion and three long synthetic sutures are passed through the mesentery of the plicated bowel, each doubled hack upon itself and tied loosely. The stitch should pass a few centimetres from the bowel wall and not be adjacent to it. The resultant bowel should look like a packet of sausages. Results from this procedure are relatively good.Intraluminal tube insertion (Baker), via a Witzel jejunostomv or gastrostomy, may facilitate the formation of gentle curves. Most tubes have an inflatable balloon near the tip to facilitate placement within the caecum. This procedure is associated with a long postoperative ileus, and reports of outcome are conflicting.RX OF VOLVULUS:# May involve the small intestine, Caecum, or sigmoid colon; neonatal nidgut volvulus secondary to midgut malrotation is life-threatening.# The commonest spontaneous type in adult is sigmoid volvulus.# Sigmoid volvulus can be relieved by decompression per anum# Surgery is required to prevent or relieve ischemia.Rx of MECONIUM ILEUS# Uncomplicated meconium ileus may respond to Rx with hyperosmolar gastrografin enema; this draws fluid into the gut lumen and also has detergent properties, which help to liquefy the meconium.# Meconium ileus complicated by intestinal perforation, volvulus, or atresia, or unresponsive to enemas, demands surgery.# Various surgical procedures are used including intestinal resection and temporary stoma formation, resection and primary anastomosis, and, in uncomplicated cases, enterostomy and irrigation of the bowel.# The Bishop-Koop operation with its irrigating stoma is now only rarely used.Rx of INTESTINAL ATRESIA# In most cases of jejunal or ileal atresia, the distal end of the dilated proximal small bowel is resected and primary end- to-end anastomosis is possible.# Ocassionally, a temporary stoma is required before definitive repair.
| 3 |
Small bowel atresia
|
Meconium ileus
|
Recurrent small bowel obstruction
|
Sigmoid volvulus
|
Surgery
|
Small & Large Intestine
|
49fc3ec1-3f85-4bdc-93da-0e223ecfa3d7
|
multi
|
Tranylcyprominle (MAO Inhibitor) should be avoided with ............... as it causes dangerous drug interaction:
|
MAO inhibitor with tricyclcic anti depressants (amitriptyline), reserpine , guanethidine can cause excitement , rise in BP and body temperature. This is due to their initial NA releasing it uptake blocking action. MAO inhibitor also interacts with cold and cough remedies that contain sympathetomimetic , levodopa , barbiturates, alcohol, opiod and antihistamine and antiparkinsonian anticholinergic . REF: KD Tripati 8th edition
| 2 |
Morphine
|
Amitriptyline
|
Alprazolam
|
Alprazolam
|
Pharmacology
|
Central Nervous system
|
8424d4c4-6d20-4938-aaea-778848efbee7
|
single
|
NADH CoQ reductase is inhibited by
|
Inhibitors of electron transpo chainComplex I Complex II Complex III Complex IV AmobarbitalRotenonePericidin AGuanethidine Chlorpromazine Malonate Carboxin Antimycin A, BAL Naphthoquinone PhenforminCarbon monoxide CyanideHydrogen sulphide Azide Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylationuBlocking reentry of protons through ATP synthase - Oligomycin , VenturicidinuInhibitors of ATP - ADP exchange - Atractyloside , BongregateuIonophores - Valinomycin , GramicidinUncouplers of oxidative phosphorylationuPhysiological uncouplers - Thermogenin, Thyroxine, Long chain fatty acids, Unconjugated bilirubinuSynthetic uncouplers - 2,4 Dinitrophenol, 2,4 Dinitrocresol, Calcium, Aspirin, DicoumarolHarper's illustrated Biochemistry , 30th ed , page 133
| 1 |
Rotenone
|
CO
|
Antimycin
|
Atractyloside
|
Biochemistry
|
Respiratory chain
|
de51c89e-0cc5-4be9-8475-cb3a2e32c621
|
multi
|
Hypervitaminosis of which of the following will cause bony abnormalities?
|
HYPERVITAMINOSIS A: Chronic hypervitaminosis A results from excessive ingestion of preformed vitamin A (retinol or retinyl ester), generally for several weeks or months. Toxicity can be induced in adults and children with chronic daily intakes of 15,000 mg and 6,000 mg, respectively. Signs of subacute or chronic toxicity can include a headache; vomiting; anorexia; dry, itchy desquamating skin; seborrheic cutaneous lesions; fissuring at the corners of the mouth; alopecia and/or coarsening of the hair; bone abnormalities; swelling of the bones; enlargement of the liver and spleen; diplopia; increased intracranial pressure; irritability; stupor; limited motion; and dryness of the mucous membranes; desquamation of the palms and the soles of the feet. Radiographs may show hyperostosis affecting several long bones, especially in the middle of the shafts. As there is no antidote for hypervitaminosis A, the prevention of this condition is most impoant. Ref: Nelson textbook of pediatrics; 20th edition; Chapter 48 Vitamin A Deficiencies and Excess
| 1 |
Vit A
|
Vit D
|
Vit C
|
Vit E
|
Pediatrics
|
Nutrition
|
70796a80-d1d2-49ae-9e8e-dd24d213be26
|
single
|
Regarding Gherlin which is false
|
Ghrelin is secreted primarily by the stomach and appears to play an impoant role in the central control of food intake. It also stimulates growth hormone secretion by acting directly on receptors in the pituitary.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology, 23rd edition Page no: 448
| 2 |
Secreted from oxyntic cells
|
Increases fat deposition
|
Stimulates appetite
|
Secretion increased in anorexia
|
Physiology
|
Nervous system
|
0ba32de4-4a46-41f4-8ab7-a54190282ddf
|
multi
|
Apremilast is
|
Ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody to the shared IL-23/IL-12p40 subunit, is an efficacious treatment for psoriasis and has shown promise in Psoriatic ahritis in clinical trials. Other newer drugs that have shown efficacy for both psoriasis and PsA include the anti-IL-17 pathway agents, such as secukinumab and brodalumab, and an oral phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, apremilast. Data on the oral Jak inhibitor, tofacitinib, has been very limited but promising. Ref: Harrison&;s Principles of Internal Medicine; 20th ed KD TRIPATHI 9th ed
| 2 |
PDE 3 inhibitor
|
PDE 4 inhibitor
|
PDE 5 inhibitor
|
PDE 6 inhibitor
|
Pharmacology
|
Immunomodulators
|
a2c691c3-0d1a-48bf-8466-4197c1be377b
|
single
|
who gave the concept of generativity versus stagnation
|
ERIC ERIKSON ERIC ERIKSON gave the psychosocail stages of development There are 8 psychosocial stages A person has to succesfully pass one stage to move to the next stage If he gets arrested in one stage he may develop some disorders Ref. kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pf no. 485
| 2 |
freud
|
erikson
|
lorenz
|
bleuler
|
Anatomy
|
Treatment in psychiatry
|
7ddf0b77-43e2-4589-8e6b-c6312980f01d
|
single
|
A cranial nerves carrying the pain sensations from tip of tongue is:
|
V3
| 3 |
VI
|
V2
|
V3
|
VII
|
Anatomy
| null |
58ffb7da-e1aa-42c1-ac11-64ccc2af2c79
|
single
|
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used in all except: (REPEAT)
|
Neoadjuvant therapy, an adjunctive therapy given before a definitive treatment, is an essential component of modern multidisciplinary cancer therapy. Although neoadjuvant or induction therapy does not contribute the most to the treatment outcome, it may improve the result substantially. For example, neoadjuvant therapy allows patients with large breast cancer to undergo breast-conserving surgery. It enables patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer to have their vocal function preserved. Many patients with rectal cancer can avoid permanent colostomy after undergoing this approach. In addition, in ceain cancers, neoadjuvant therapy may improve long-term survival. Recent years have seen an increase in the popularity of this treatment technique. In locally advanced rectal, laryngeal, and breast cancer, neoadjuvant therapy enables organ preservation; however, it does not improve overall survival when compared with definitive treatment followed by adjuvant therapy. In locally advanced bladder and cervical cancer, patients who undergo neoadjuvant therapy before radical surgery appear to have better survival than those receiving definitive therapy alone; however, it is unclear if the neoadjuvant approach will be superior to definitive therapy followed by adjuvant therapy. REFERENCE: www.medscape.com
| 3 |
Esophageal carcinoma
|
Breast carcinoma
|
Thyroid carcinoma
|
Non-small cell carcinoma of lung
|
Pharmacology
|
Chemotherapy
|
255865fc-15c3-4cee-b683-56f5cc7532c8
|
multi
|
In hepatocellular carcinoma, risk factor most impoant is -
|
Answer is 'c' i.e. Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is the most impoant risk factor for HCC. "75-85% of HCC occur in patients with macronodular cirrhosis" - Harrison
| 3 |
Alcoholic hepatitis
|
Schistosomiasis
|
Cirrhosis
|
Fasciolepsis bush infestation
|
Surgery
| null |
b7f90e0f-c396-4092-bfa8-bfd29d87a4b5
|
single
|
Safe injection strategy will reduce the occurance of:
|
Ans: a (Hepatitis B) Ref: Park, 19 ed, p. 179Not much to explain. All the others--hepatitis E, typhoid, hepatitits A, are water-borne diseases.
| 1 |
Hepatitis B
|
Hepatitis A
|
Typhoid
|
Hepatitis E
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Communicable Diseases
|
7902f72d-0d8b-4ef1-a2db-4575cf6c2c88
|
single
|
All are live vaccines except -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Salk Salk vaccine is killed polio vaccine. 17 D is yellow fever live vaccine.
| 3 |
17 - D
|
Rubella
|
Salk
|
Measles
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
4144daba-ecf6-4bbf-a5c8-bde8c1c4a00e
|
multi
|
In Neonatal cholestasis direct bilirubin is -
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., >20% Neonatal cholestasiso Prolonge elevation of serum level of conjugated bilirubin beyond the 1st 14 days of life,o Causes may be:InfectiousGeneticMetabolicMechanical obstruction (Biliary)IdiopathicPathological Jaundice (Ghai TYep. 147)STB (Serum Total bilirubin) > 5 mg;dl DI10mg''dID212-13 thereaftero Appearence of Jaundice within 24 hour,o Jaundice beyound 3 week (In Nelson beyond 2 week),o Conjugated bilirubin.o Direct reacting bilirubin >2 mg'dl at any time, or more than 20% of total serum bilirubin (Journal America! Family Physician)--Feb. 2000
| 3 |
>10%
|
>15%
|
>20%
|
>25%
|
Pediatrics
|
Digestive System Disorders
|
785b1126-a154-4c45-8c37-920e1727356b
|
single
|
You are examining a patient and finds that the joints have hypermobility and hyperextensibility. Which of the following is NOT associated with joint hyperextensibility?
|
Some conditions associated with hyperextensibility of joints are: Marfans syndrome Ehler's - Danlos syndrome Stickler syndrome Homocystinuria Primary hyperparathyroidism Note: Hyper extensibility of fingers and hands may be seen in Cailage hair hypoplasia, Cutis laya and fragile X syndrome. Hurler's syndrome is associated with stiffness of joints. Ref: Meharban Singh, Edition 3, Page - 137.
| 4 |
Stickler Syndrome
|
Hyperlysinemia
|
Fragile X syndrome
|
Hurler's syndrome
|
Pediatrics
| null |
35180836-5f9b-43a3-97d9-8406c2c469e9
|
single
|
A teenager girl with moderate acne is also complaining of irregular menses. Drug of choice with be-
|
In Acne with associated endocrinological abnormalities like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) manifests with obesity, hirsutism, androgenetic alopecia and acne. Oestrogens and antiandrogens(cyproterone acetate, spirono lactone, flutamide) and agents designed to inhibit the endogenous production of androgens by the ovary(oral contraceptives and gonadotropin releasing agonists) or adrenal gland(low dose glucocoicoids ) are used Reference Harrison20th edition pg 1206
| 4 |
Oral jsotretinon
|
Oral acitretin
|
Oral minocycline
|
Cyproterone acetate
|
Dental
|
Anatomy of skin
|
2a5cf7fe-a222-4ea1-a8a3-0d0f4ac4d364
|
single
|
The most cost-effective family planning method is-
|
Vasectomy and IUD are one of the most cost-effective methods of contraception. Most impoant demographic feility indicator is -NRR. To achieve NRR-1, CPR should be >60%, ideal contraception is sterilization .
| 1 |
Vasectomy
|
Barrier method
|
DMPA
|
Oral pills
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Census, SRS, NFHS, DLHS, VRS
|
df974d3b-a86b-4aef-a7dd-a28dde2edb82
|
single
|
True about t 1/2 ?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Time required to reduce the plasma conc. to half Half life PA It is the time required to reduce the plasma concentration to half (50%) of the original value. It determines the dosing interval and time required to reach the steady state. It is a secondary pharmakokinetic parameter derived from two primary parameters, volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance (CL).
| 1 |
Time required to reduce the plasma conc. to half
|
Zero order kinetics - t 1/2 remains constant
|
First order kinetics - t 1/2 increases
|
Complete drug elimination occurs in 2-3 t 1/2
|
Pharmacology
| null |
71c2069a-f344-4685-af3e-f476a3027a19
|
multi
|
In Dacryocystorhinostomy, opening is done into:
|
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery is a procedure that aims to eliminate fluid and mucus retention within the lacrimal sac, and to increase tear drainage for relief of epiphora (water running down the face). Classic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) requires an external incision and drilling through the lacrimal bone into the middle meatus.
| 2 |
Superior meatus
|
Middle meatus
|
Inferior meatus
|
None of the above
|
ENT
| null |
299f0074-2884-41f5-9b1a-c11013bd8e9b
|
multi
|
A woman is said to be having menorrhagia if the menstrual blood loss is more than :
|
80 ml
| 4 |
20 ml
|
40 ml
|
60 ml
|
80 ml
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
38998651-0013-4f9b-8e70-a203b625fc2b
|
single
|
Ketamine is useful as an anesthetic agent in
|
Ketamine is a potent bronchodilator and relieves bronchospasm -Intravenous anaesthetic agent of choice in asthmatic Ketamine increases ICT, IOP and cardiac oxygen demand, therefore contraindicated in other three conditionsNote-Inhalation anaesthetic agent of choice in asthmatics is halothane.(Refer: Morgan and Mikhail's Clinical Anaesthesiology, 5th edition, pg no. 182 - 184)
| 3 |
Ischemic hea disease
|
Intracranial hemorrhage
|
Hyperactive airways
|
Glaucoma
|
Anaesthesia
|
All India exam
|
82b0a445-9a84-4231-b4c8-fa7205ff6c63
|
single
|
Muscae volitantes are seen in -
|
Muscae volitantes: These are physiological opacities and represent the residues of primitive hyaloid vasculature. Patient perceives them as fine dots and filaments, which often drift in and out of the visual field, against a bright background (e.g., clear blue sky). Ref:comprehensive ophthalmology AK Khurana page no 245 REF IMG
| 3 |
Vitreous detachment
|
Vitreous hemorrhage
|
Remains of primitive hyaloid vasculature
|
Eale's disease
|
Ophthalmology
|
Vitreous and retina
|
04b05780-a8f1-49d7-a503-1d4708df88ef
|
single
|
The bacterium that is most commonly used in genetic engineering is
|
GENETIC ENGINEERINGEngineering is the application of science to social needs. Recombinant plasmids may be introduced into a bacterial host, frequently E coli, by forced transformation. Alternatively, electroporation is a procedure that introduces DNA into bacteria using an electrical gradient.Ref: Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology; Twenty-Seventh Edition; Chapter 7; Microbial Genetics
| 1 |
Escherichia
|
Klebsiella
|
Proteus
|
Serratia
|
Microbiology
|
general microbiology
|
edcfb9f1-3948-47b5-92a6-885629bd432a
|
single
|
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding drugs in the treatment of Parkinsonism?
|
Levodopa is very effective in the treatment of Parkinsonism. It initially resolves hypokinesia and rigidity but later on tremors are also reduced. It is more effective than Amantadine. Amantadine is an antiviral drug that can be used in Parkinsonism. Central anticholinergic drugs are the agents of choice for the treatment of drugs induced Parkinsonism. REF KD TRIPATHI 8TH ED.
| 3 |
Amantadine causes ankle edema
|
Levodopa is effective in reducing tremors
|
Amantadine is more effective than levodopa
|
Anti-muscarinic agents are effective in drug induced Parkinsonism
|
Pharmacology
|
Central Nervous system
|
1103cdd8-92d9-4eae-8f9f-2e3d869496ce
|
multi
|
Which of the following periodontal disease is associated with haematological disorder?
| null | 1 |
AIDS
|
Hypophosphatemia
|
Wegeners Granulomatosis
|
Histiocytoses - X
|
Dental
| null |
5df5cc5a-9fd6-4eaa-9702-d5415ce65a51
|
single
|
Which of the following is not seen in congenital syphilis:-
|
Congenital syphilis if develops: <2yrs - Early >2 yrs - Late Asymptomatic Hutchinson's Triad (Deafness + Interstitial keratitis + Hutchinson's teeth) Nasal stuffiness (rhinitis) k/a snuffles' as nasal stuffiness is known as snuffles in early congenital syphilis Periostitis U/L enlargement of sternoclavicular poion of the clavicle (k/a Higoumenaki sign) Vesiculo bullous rashes Frontal bossing, anterior Bowing of legs Genital ulcer: In Primary Syphilis.
| 3 |
Higoumenaki sign
|
Hutchinson teeth
|
Genital ulcers
|
Periostitis
|
Dental
|
Sexually Transmitted Infections
|
62146196-24ab-4f8a-a3c8-949137be3764
|
single
|
An 8 year old child with acute lymphadenopathy, fever, 20% lymphocytosis indicates the diagnosis of ?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Infectious mononucleiosis Here the question seems incomplete. Most probably they have asked about atypical lymphocytosis. Infectious mononucleiosis is characterized by classic triad of : Fever, Sore throat, Posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. This classic triad is seen in > 80% of the patients. The W.B.C. count is characteristically increased. Lymphocytosis is demonstrable with 10-20% of them being atypical. The atypical lymphocytes are called Downey cell. These cells have higher cytoplasm to nucleus ratio.
| 1 |
Infectious mononucleosis
|
ALL
|
Pulmonary Koch's
|
alpha-hemolytic Streptococcal
|
Pediatrics
| null |
9a50016e-35c9-43af-a182-43c63f8a3294
|
multi
|
Austin Flint Murmur is commonly mistaken for the murmur of: March 2007
|
Ans. D: Mitral stenosis
| 4 |
Mitral regurgitation
|
Pulmonary regurgitation
|
Tricuspid stenosis
|
Mitral stenosis
|
Medicine
| null |
55add4b5-010e-4693-9a06-aaaa1ca3d1e0
|
single
|
22 year old male presents with bony mass in the metaphyseal region of right knee with typical sun ray appearance and CT Scan of the chest reveals osteoblastic metastases. What is the most probable diagnosis?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Osteosarcoma* 22 year old male with bony mass in the metaphyseal region of right knee with typical sun ray appearance and CT Scan of the chest with osteoblastic metastases is most likely to be suffering from osteosarcoma.
| 1 |
Osteosarcoma
|
Chondrosarcoma
|
Ewings sarcoma
|
Osteochondroma
|
Orthopaedics
|
Bone Tumour
|
1ef1ba19-0f09-4339-8121-2cd9547a2350
|
single
|
All of the following are included in grievous injury/ hu except:
|
D i.e. Abrasion of the face
| 4 |
Loss of testis
|
Loss of eye
|
Loss of kidney
|
Abrasion of the face
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
92510260-6ebf-4b68-a94d-0bc17d5e2fb4
|
multi
|
True about dysplastic nevus syndrome all except
|
It is autosomal dominant disorder.
| 1 |
Autosomal recessive
|
Half of such patients develop melanoma by age 60 years
|
Associated with mutations in BRAF and NRAS
|
Disorder with numerous dysplastic nevi
|
Pathology
| null |
103d3fe8-55f6-4de5-bf2c-5f6fd130869b
|
multi
|
Which of the following nerve is first affected in berry aneurysm:
|
Ans.(a) 3rd nerveRef: Harrison 19th ed. /1784-85* Most common cranial nerve affected in unruptured berry aneurysm is the 3rd cranial nerve which will present as ipsilateral ptosis, diplopia and strabismus.
| 1 |
3 rd nerve
|
4th nerve
|
5th nerve
|
6th nerve
|
Medicine
|
Cranial Nerve Disorders
|
f5664165-8e89-4831-b7f0-d00018697ac1
|
single
|
Mechanism of action of an oral contraceptive containing a combination of oestrogen-progestin is the following except-
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Inhibition of motility of the uterine tubes Mechanism of action of OCPs 1. Inihibition of gonadotropin release from pitutary by reinforcement of normal feedback inhibition No prevulatory LH surge No ovulation This is the most impoant mechanism. Thickning of cervical mucus secretion (due to progesterone) ---> hostile to sperm penetration. Even if ovulation and feilization occur, the blastocyte fails to implant because endometrium is either hyperproliferative or hypersecretory - not suitable for nidation -> Impoant in case of postcoital pill. Uterine and tubal contractions may be modified to disour feilization. Postcoital pills may dislodge a just implated blastocyte or may interfere feilization/implantation.
| 3 |
Inhibition of ovulation
|
A change in the cervical mucus
|
Inhibition of motility of the uterine tubes
|
All
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
1e2b98dc-ab7e-499b-888a-db0cc5c6f387
|
multi
|
PESA / MESA is helpful in :
|
Post testicular azoospermia
| 3 |
Pre testicular azoospermia
|
Testicular azoospermia
|
Post testicular azoospermia
|
Asthenospermia
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
947d2f37-e91e-44a8-b8bc-32a24290b317
|
single
|
A 25 year old male presents with recurrent lip edema to the OPD. On performing lab investigations, it revealed |C4, |C1-INH levels, |C1-INH function, normal C1q levels. What is the most probable diagnosis?
|
Hereditary angioedema(HAE) Disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling (angioedema). 3 main types of HAE. Type I and II are caused by a mutation in the SERPING1 gene that makes the C1 inhibitor protein while type III is often due to a mutation of the factor KhII gene. This results in increased amounts of bradykinin which promotes swelling. Distinguishing b/w HAE & AAE( Acquired angioedema): C1q levels normal-HAE C1q levels low-AAE Type 1 HAE-Low C1-INH level & low C4 level Type 2 HAE- Normal or elevated C1-INH level & low C4 level. Function of C1-INH is reduced in both type 1 & 2 HAE.
| 1 |
Hereditary angioedema Type 1
|
Hereditary angioedema Type 2
|
Acquired angioedema Type 1
|
Acquired angioedema Type 2
|
Dental
|
Eczema and related disorders
|
982f6d0c-649b-43d0-93c1-6d2620a054a6
|
single
|
True regarding vessels of the umbilical cord:
|
Umbilical cord: The umbilical cord consist of two aeries and one vein. The aeries carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta and the vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus.Umbilical Cord: Initially, there are four vessels two aeries and two veins.Of the two umbilical veins, the right vein disappears by the 4th month, leaving behind one vein (left) which carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus. (Remember : Left vein is left behind). The aeries carry the venous blood from the fetus to the placenta. Abnormalities:Single umbilical aery is present in about 1% of cases. This finding is sometimesIt is referred to as a 2-vessel cord. The loss of 1 umbilical aery likely occurs secondary to thrombotic atrophy of a previously normal aery. Less likely, the loss may result from primary agenesis of the aery. It is the left umbilical aery that is more commonly absent. It is more common in twins and in babies born of diabetic mothers. It is frequently associated with congenital malformation of the fetus. Ref: 1) Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Obstetrics. Volume 1, edited by Eberhard Merz, Page 1042) Textbook of obstetrics, By Dutta, 4th Edition, Page 40
| 3 |
One aery and one vein
|
Two aeries and two vein
|
Two aeries and the left vein
|
Two vein and the left aery
|
Anatomy
| null |
fd3875bc-fd09-4c51-a943-44f86d57fe47
|
multi
|
All are predictors of 5 day treatment failure in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding Except?
|
The variables most consistently found to predict 5-day treatment failure are HVPG > 20 mm Hg Child-Pugh class C Active bleeding at endoscopy Ref:Journal of Hepatology 2010
| 4 |
HVPG > 20 mm Hg
|
Child C status
|
Active bleeding at endoscopy
|
Prolonged prothrombin time
|
Medicine
| null |
654c01a9-5b41-497e-891e-fd31c07a1296
|
multi
|
A subcentre in a hilly area caters to a population of -
|
The subcentre is the peripheral outpost of the existing health delivery system in rural areas .They are being established on the basis of one subcenter for every 5000 population in general and one for every 3000 population in hilly,tribal and backward areas (refer pgno:903 park 23rd edition)
| 3 |
1000
|
2000
|
3000
|
5000
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Health care of community & international health
|
b911b2c0-bc62-415f-acf6-24471204f9c2
|
single
|
A five-day-old, full term male infant was severely cyanotic at bih. His chest X ray showed 'Egg-on -side' appearance. Prostaglandin E1 was administered initially and later balloon atrial septosomy was done which showed improvement in oxygenation. The most likely diagnosis of this infant is:
|
- Given features suggests towards diagnosis of TGA Transposition of the great vessels with an intact ventricular septum presents with early cyanosis, normal-sized hea, normal or slightly increased pulmonary vascular markings, and an ECG showing right-axis detion and right ventricular hyperophy - Balloon atrial septostomy: Helpful in a baby with TGA with intact ventricular septum for initial stabilization, It creates a communication between the left and right atria - helps in mixing blood of systemic and pulmonary circulations & maintain relatively better oxygenation. -TREATMENT OF TGA: PGE1 analogue - Keep ductus aeriosus open Balloon atrial septostomy / Rashkind procedure - Emergency procedure Aerial switch operation / Jatene's repair - Definitive surgery
| 2 |
Tetralogy Fallot
|
Transposition of great vessels
|
Truncus aeriosus
|
Tricuspid atresia
|
Pediatrics
|
Other hea diseases in children
|
57a78816-abea-4070-b25e-b311610691ee
|
multi
|
All increase the chances of Deep Vein Thrombosis except-
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Superficial thrombophlebitis Superficial thrombophlebitis is localized to the superficial veins. It does not result in deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. o Oral contraceptive pills : Contributes by increasing blood hypercoagulability o Hypeension : Contributes by endothelial injury which results from the hemodynamic stress associated with hypeension. H.T. may precipitate congestive hea failure and hence stasis. o Myocardial infarction : immobilization following myocardial infarction may account for its high incidence in such cases. This contributes by stasis.
| 3 |
Oral contraceptive pills
|
Hypeension
|
Superficial thrombophlebitis
|
Myocardial Infection
|
Pathology
| null |
d7b6a62a-0f12-48d3-b8be-34809569b41d
|
multi
|
Pott puffy tumour occurs as complication of which sinusitis:
|
If infection in the frontal sinus spreads to the marrow of the frontal bone, localized osteomyelitis with bone destruction can result in a doughy swelling of the forehead classically described as Pott puffy tumour.
| 1 |
Frontal
|
Sphenoid
|
Ethmoid
|
None of the above
|
ENT
| null |
846fda18-d1ef-4cef-b5b6-5fd3e1f1829b
|
multi
|
Out of 11 births in a hospital, 5 babies weighed over 2.5 kg and 5 weighed less than 2.5 kg. What value dose 2.5 represent -
|
Median
Is an average, to obtain this, the data is first arranged in an ascending or descending order of magnitude and then the value of the middle observation is located which is called median.
In the question, 5 value are below 2.5 and 5 value are above 2.5, so if we arrange the data in increasing or decreasing order 2.5 will represent the middle one and can be taken as median average of given data.
| 3 |
Geometric average
|
Arithmetic average
|
Median average
|
Mode
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
e560671f-25f3-43ab-8466-afdcad5b0248
|
single
|
Inhibitor of FOF1 ATPase in Electron transpo chain ?
|
Oligomycin Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation These compounds directly inhibit phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.Oligomycin inhibits Fa component of FoFi ATPase.Atractiloside inhibits translocase, a transpo protein that transpos ADP into mitochondria for phosphorylation into ATP.
| 2 |
Antimycin
|
Oligomycin
|
2, 4 dinitrophenol
|
Barbiturate
|
Biochemistry
| null |
dd1eaf4d-0738-4a69-b752-4acc525fdbbd
|
single
|
The type of injury is:
|
Ans. (D). Pressure abrasionThe picture shows ligature mark, which is an example of pressure abrasion.It cannot be patterned abrasion, as the pattern of the ligature is not reflected in this mark.Types of abrasion:Tangential rubbing forcePerpendicular compression forceScratch & GrazePressure & patterned abrasion
| 4 |
Scratch abrasion
|
Patterned abrasion
|
Graze abrasion
|
Pressure abrasion
|
Forensic Medicine
|
Sexual Offenses
|
a1d5a8cd-81df-42e7-b032-2751c19022ab
|
single
|
Shoest pa of the colon is
|
The large intestine begins in the right iliac region of the pelvis, just at or below the waist, where it is joined to the end of the small intestine at the cecum, the ileocaecal valve. It then continues as the colon ascending the abdomen, across the width of the abdominal cavity as the transverse colon, and then descending to the rectum and its endpoint at the anal canal. Overall, in humans, the large intestine is about 1.5 meters (5 ft) long, which is about one-fifth of the whole length of the gastrointestinal tract. Ref - BDC 6e vol2 pg271-273
| 1 |
Ascending colon
|
Descending colon
|
Transverse colon
|
Sigmoid colon
|
Anatomy
|
Abdomen and pelvis
|
e9666686-c4a7-4400-a829-1ffc3e12ebf9
|
single
|
Which of the following is used in forgeries as ink remover solution -
| null | 4 |
Sulphuric acid
|
Nitric acid
|
Carbolic acid
|
Oxalic acid
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
4dd58226-c2f2-47e0-bf9b-4fc6c13f522d
|
single
|
Causes of a transudate ascites include all the following except:
| null | 1 |
Tuberculosis
|
Nephrotic syndrome
|
Hypoproteinemia
|
Congestive cardiac failure
|
Medicine
| null |
6107409c-e9e2-4d73-b53a-5850237e3a0f
|
multi
|
Reinke edema is associated with:
|
Reinke Edema has the following features. Strong association with cigarette smoking and heavy voice use. Diffuse edematous changes of the vocal cords. Usually bilateral.
| 2 |
Alcoholism
|
Smoking
|
Malnutrition
|
None of the above
|
ENT
| null |
0fa4e408-0fc7-4a71-9420-6badd495ff54
|
multi
|
Radicontrast reactions are mostly:
|
Ans. Anaphylactoid reactions
| 1 |
Anaphylactoid reactions
|
IgE-Mediated reactions
|
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions
|
Immune complex mediated reactions
|
Radiology
| null |
844bad3e-01cd-451e-b2ad-9a2f7952510a
|
single
|
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