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Nephrocalcinosis is seen in -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Medullary sponge kidneyo Deposition of calcium stones on renal papillae is called nephrocalcinosis.o Nephrocalcinosis seen in -Renal tubular acidosis type I (A). Bater's syndrome Excess calcium intake Medullary sponge kidney Multiple myeloma Sarcoidosis Severe hypercalciuria Vitamin-D intoxication TB kidney (Love & Bailey) Hyperparathyroidism Metastatic bone disease
| 2 |
Hypoparathyroidism
|
Medullary sponge kidney
|
DM
|
All
|
Pathology
| null |
bdb01cb1-4786-4cb8-859a-29cab09cf35d
|
multi
|
CSF in meningococcal meningitis shows
|
CSF examination in Meningococcal meningitis: one poion of the CSF is centrifuged and gram-stained smears are prepared from the deposit. Meningococci will be seen inside the polymorphs but extracellularly also. Gram-negative diplococci in pus cells are seen. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and panicker's; 10th edition; Page no: 232
| 2 |
Gram positive Diplococci in pus cells
|
Gram negative Diplococci in pus cells
|
Gram negative bacilli
|
Gram positive bacilli
|
Microbiology
|
Bacteriology
|
d8e24090-3565-4fee-ac4a-41c3612bf23f
|
single
|
All of the following are causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia lead to urine sodium > 20 except?
|
OPTION B - Vomiting It will induce dehydration and lead to renal conservation of salt and water . OPTION A - Renal Losses Tubular damage explains salt wasting and high urine sodium. OPTION C - Cerebral salt wasting syndrome Release of BNP will promote natriuresis and salt wasting . OPTION D - Mineralocoicoid deficiency Aldosterone deficiency will also cause salt wasting .
| 2 |
Renal losses
|
Vomiting
|
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome
|
Mineralocoicoid deficiency
|
Medicine
|
Electrolyte Imbalance
|
396de9ce-f7c3-4c03-8128-ab54ccaaa039
|
multi
|
Which vaccine among the following options is not kept in the freezer component in Cold Chain
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., DPT o A vaccine which must be stored in the cold part but never allowed to freeze. # Typhoid # DPT # TT # Hepatitis B # DT # BCG # Diluents Important facts- o All vaccines are usually stored (for routine storage) in the refrigerator (ILR), i.e. at +2 to +8degC (even OPV). o But OPV is stored in the freezer at -20 to -40degC, if required for prolonged storage. o Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) can also be stored in the freezer (i.e. freeze-dried). o Vaccines which must never be allowed to freeze are typhoid, DPT, TT, DT, BCG, hepatitis B and diluents.
| 3 |
OPV
|
Measles
|
DPT
|
Rubella
|
Unknown
| null |
4ff8968e-33a1-411f-a2fa-66fb7c076444
|
multi
|
All of the following drugs are used as immunosuppressants EXCEPT:
|
1 . Calcineurin inhibitors (Specific T-cell inhibitors) Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin), Tacrolimus 2. Antiproliferative drugs (Cytotoxic drugs) Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Chlorambucil, Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 3. Glucocoicoids Prednisolone and others 4. Antibodies Muromonab CD3, Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) Rho(D) immunoglobulin, etc Whereas cephalosporins come under Beta-Lactam antibiotics which are related to penicillins ESSENTIALS OF MEDICINE PHARMACOLOGY SIXTH EDITION -K. D TRIPATHI Page 851 IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT
| 3 |
Glucocoicoids
|
Cyclosporine
|
Cephalosporin
|
Azathioprine
|
Pharmacology
|
Immunomodulators
|
8be2191a-0267-48f4-93e1-b8e7b2b9c494
|
multi
|
Optic radiations arise from
|
Answer- A. Lateral Geniculate bodyThe optic radiations (geniculocalcarine pathway) extend from the lateral geniculate body to the visual coex. Inferior fibres of optic radiations ,subserve upper visual fields and superior fibres subserve inferior visual fields.The visual pathway staing from retina consists of optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, lateral geniculate bodies, optic radiations, visual coex.
| 1 |
Lateral Geniculate body
|
Medial Geniculate Body
|
Superior colliculus
|
Inferior colliculus
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
b8746014-7e0b-4fc3-947c-6510efa4663c
|
single
|
Overall most common cancer in wold
| null | 1 |
Lung cancer
|
Colon cancer
|
Breast cancer
|
Thyroid carcinoma
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
897a2bbd-e8be-41a8-bef5-09f85808e83b
|
multi
|
If a new sputum smear positive patient of tuberculosis continues to be smear positive at the end of intensive phase of category I treatment under DOTS, fuher management of this patient would be to -
|
<p> Patients in category I &II , who have a positive sputum smear at the end of the initial intensive phase , receive an additional month of intensive phase treatment. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:188. <\p>
| 3 |
Sta category I treatment again
|
Treat. him as failure and sta category II treatmenet under DOTS
|
Continue the intensive phase or treatment for one more month
|
Sta continuation phase under category I
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Communicable diseases
|
7be13155-394b-4742-9bd9-ae924c3a8a59
|
single
|
Which of the following porphyrias is not inherited as an Autosomal Dominant disorder-
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Congenital erythropoietic porphyria Inheritance of Porphyrias Autosomal dominant Autosomal Recessive X-linked o Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) o ALA dehydratase deficiency o X-linked protoporphyria o Porphyria cutanea Tarda (PCT) o Congenital erythropoietic porphyria o Hereditary coproporphyria (HCP) o Erythropoietic protoporphyria o Variegate porphyria (VP)
| 2 |
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
|
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
|
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
|
Hereditary Coproporphyria
|
Pathology
| null |
a27a4fa3-0330-4423-b235-ff7a9afccf24
|
single
|
Following statements about Fibrolamellar carcinoma of Liver are TRUE, EXCEPT:
|
In fibrolamellar carcinoma, AFP is within the normal range in most cases. Mild elevations of AFP may be seen in 10-15% of cases, but are usually below 200ng /ml. Fibrolamellar HCC is a disease of younger adults often teenagers and predominantly females. Patients typically have elevated neurotensin levels, normal LFTs and has no cirrhosis. It occurs multifocally in the liver and is non resectable. It shows metastasis to lungs and locoregional lymph nodes. Surgical resection is the best management option, even for metastases, as these tumors respond much less well to chemotherapy than adult-type HCC. Ref: Gastrointestinal and Liver Tumors edited by Wolfgang Scheppach, page 264. Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases edited by Satdarshan P. S. Monga page 849. Harrison's principles of internal medicine 18 e chapter 92.
| 4 |
Females do not have increased incidence than males
|
Has good prognosis
|
Not associated with liver cirrhosis
|
Serum AFP levels are usually >1000 mg/ltr
|
Pathology
| null |
534ca8bd-ce44-4e2b-ad65-1a8dd7d1f414
|
multi
|
Man is intermediate host of:
|
Malaria REF: Jawett's 24th edition Section VI. Parasitology > Chapter 46. Medical Parasitology Repeat in December 2011, June 2009 Man is the defenitive host in most parasitic infections except in: Echino co ccus granulosus Plasmodium Taenia Solium(man is both defenitive and intermediate host) Toxoplasma gondii Sarcocytis lindemanii
| 1 |
Malaria
|
Filaria
|
Dengue
|
Plague
|
Microbiology
| null |
1842fee9-fbd6-4fa3-98be-941012d17055
|
single
|
The most potent topical coicosteroids is -
|
Super potent topical coicosteroids Clobetasol propionate 0.05% halobetasolpropionate 0.05% betametnasone dipropionate 0.05% Fitzpatricks textbook of dermatology, principles of topical therapy page 3363
| 3 |
Hydrocoisone butyrate cream 0.1%
|
Betamethasone valerate cream 0.1%
|
Clobetasol propionate cream 0.5%
|
Clobetasone butyrate cream 0.5%
|
Dental
|
miscellaneous
|
59c75b13-dd32-4607-bfae-c6961f6bba77
|
single
|
In a man lifting up suitcase, posterior dislocation of glenohumeral joint is prevented by:
|
Ans. (c) CoracobrachialisRef: Maheshwari 5th ed. / 88* Glenohumeral joint is the most important joint of shoulder complex.* It is a synovial ball and socket articulation between the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula.* Movements at this joint includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation and circumduction.* Posterior dislocation of glenohumeral (shoulder) joint would be prevented by the muscle which originate posteriorly and inserted anteriorly.# For Example: Corachobrachialis muscle originate from Coracoid process of scapula and inserted at Medial aspect of shaft of humerus.* The net vector of pull of this muscle would be anteriorly, opposing the posterior dislocation of shoulder joint.Origin & Insertions of Muscles Around Shoulder Joint:MuscleOriginInsertionDeltoidAnt. Fibres- Lateral l/3rd of anterior border of clavicleMiddle Fibres- Lateral border of acromionPosterior Fibres- Lower lip of crest of spineDeltoid Tuberosity of humerusCoracobra- chialisCoracoid process of scapulaMedial aspect of shaft of humerusLatissimus dorsiPosterior l/3rd of iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spine of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, lower 4 ribs inferior angle of scapulaFloor of bicipital grooveBicepsLong head: supra glenoid tubercle of scapulaShort head: coracoids process of scapulaTuberosity of radiusThe classical clinical feature of posterior dislocation of shoulder is- arm is held in medial rotation and is locked in that position, and an examiner can not externally rotate it.
| 3 |
Deltoid
|
Latissimus dorsi
|
Coracobrachialis
|
Short head of biceps
|
Orthopaedics
|
Dislocation of Shoulder
|
e534066a-c227-47d6-a472-4fedcdb48912
|
single
|
Most common presentation of Renal Tuberculosis is:
|
Answer is B (Sterile Pyuria): The most common clinical presentation of Urological Tuberculosis is Sterile Pyuria. 'The most common clinical presentation of urological tuberculosis is sterile pyuria and painless hematuria - Textbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine `Renal Tuberculosis is probably underdiagnosed because it is frequently asymptomatic Many cases are diagnosed as a result of routine detection of sterile pyuria. The development of symptoms reflects a more advanced stage of disease' - Oxford Textbook of Medicine Classical Renal Tuberculosis Early Clinical Features: Symptoms of cystitis; Microscopic or macroscopic hematuria; Pyuria with negative bacterial culture (`sterile pyuria'); Constitutional symptoms. Late Clinical Features: Nephrolithiasis and ureteral colic; Intractable frequency and urgency; Refractory hypeension; Renal insufficiency due to obstructive nephropathy.
| 2 |
Renal colic
|
Sterile Pyuria
|
Intractable urgency
|
Painful micturition
|
Medicine
| null |
e56ad4f2-ebdb-4b21-b582-1f95b7b41a11
|
single
|
All the following drugs are used in various regimens of medical termination of pregnancy except
|
Various Regimens for Medical Termination of PregnancyFirst TrimesterMifepristone/MisoprostolMifepristone, 200-600 mg orally; followed in 24-48 hr by:Misoprostol, 200-600 mg orally or 400-800 mg vaginally, buccally, or sublinguallyMisoprostol Alone800 mg vaginally or sublingually every 3 hr for 3 dosesMethotrexate/MisoprostolMethotrexate, 50 mg/m2 BSA intramuscularly or orally; followed in 3-7 days by:Misoprostol, 800 mg vaginally. Repeat if needed 1 week aer methotrexate initially givenSecond TrimesterMifepristone/MisoprostolMifepristone, 200 mg orally; followed in 24-48 hr by:Misoprostol, 400 mg vaginally or buccally every 3 hr up to 5 dosesMisoprostol AloneMisoprostol, 600-800 mg vaginally; followed by 400 mg vaginally or buccally every 3 hr up to 5 dosesDinoprostone20 mg vaginal suppository every 4 hrConcentrated Oxytocin50 units oxytocin in 500 mL of normal saline infused during 3 hr; then 1-hr diuresis (no oxytocin); then escalate sequentially in a similar fashion through 150, 200,250, and finally 300 units of oxytocin each in 500 mL normal salineReference: William's Obstetrics; 25th edition; Chapter 18; Aboion
| 4 |
Methotrexate
|
Mifepristone
|
Misoprostol
|
Mefenamic acid
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
General obstetrics
|
bac0d9c1-f179-4627-9a7d-1714956e44ce
|
multi
|
A complete denture patient presents with angular cheilitis. A review of recent medical examination revealed that vitamin deficiency is not a factor. A possible predisposing factor is:
|
A closed or insufficient vertical dimension of occlusion is thought to be the one predisposing condition for angular cheilitis, which usually is associated with Candida albicans.
Improperly balanced occlusion or poor contour of the denture base are not predisposing conditions for angular cheilitis.
| 2 |
Excessive vertical dimension of occlusion
|
A closed or insufficient vertical dimension of occlusion
|
Improper balance of the occlusion
|
Poor contour of the denture base
|
Dental
| null |
60afc23d-7b33-4d7a-968e-056c8d78d364
|
single
|
Drug–induced colitis is most frequently associated with :
| null | 3 |
Neomycin
|
Vancomycin
|
Clindamycin
|
Chloramphenicol
|
Pharmacology
| null |
16b0237e-d87e-4884-bb16-b8d50c2748df
|
single
|
If an adolescent boy falls on a out-stretched hand, the most common bone to be injured is
|
C i.e. Scaphoid
| 3 |
Fracture of lower end of radius
|
Fracture of both bones of forearm
|
Scaphoid fracture
|
Supracondylar fracture of humerus
|
Surgery
| null |
87c4d89a-606e-4b18-8dab-8805def910c0
|
multi
|
Following is true of pyonephrosis except:
|
Ans. (b) Always unilateralRef: Smith 17th Edition, Pages 204-206# In pyonephrosis kidney is a bag of pus.# Most common cause is stones followed by Infected hydronephrosis and acute pyelonephritis# Mostly unilateral but can be bilateral also# Percutaneous nephrostomy is the initial treatment# Subcapsular nephrectomy is needed sometimes.
| 2 |
Commonly associated with renal calculi
|
Always unilateral
|
Is a complication of hydronephrosis
|
Follows acute pyelonephritis
|
Surgery
|
Kidney & Ureturs
|
4decaac5-0cfa-4fe8-aafd-5d52e9093661
|
multi
|
A 5-year-old child comes to hospital with history of loose stools but no history of fever or blood in stools. Mother says he is irritable and drinks water if given. On examination eyes are sunken and on Skin pinch test--the skin retracted within two seconds but not immediately. What will be the appropriate management?
|
This child has acute diarrhea with some dehydration. So, the treatment of choice is ORS with zinc for 14 days. For treatment of some dehydration, 75 ml/kg ORS has to be given over 4 hours.
| 4 |
Administer the first dose of IV antibiotic and immediately refer to higher centre
|
Give oral antibiotics and ORS and ask the mother to continue the same and visit again next day
|
Consider severe dehydration sta IV fluids, IV antibiotics and refer to higher centre
|
ORS with zinc for 14 days
|
Pediatrics
|
Disorders of Gastrointestinal System Including Diarrhea
|
c0624084-d8dc-467e-bbb6-fc0754352424
|
single
|
Mucous retention cysts are most commonly found on:
|
Mucous retention cysts are more commonly found on the lower lip, the floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. The pooled up saliva causes dilation of the duct and development of an aneurysm-like lesion lined by epithelium.
The retention phenomenon involving accessory salivary gland structures occurs most frequently on the lower lip, but may also occur on the palate, cheek, tongue (involving the glands of Blandin-Nuhn), and floor of the mouth.
Ref: Shafer's textbook of oral pathology 7th edition page 543
| 1 |
Lower lip
|
Floor of the mouth
|
Buccal mucosa
|
All of the above
|
Pathology
| null |
3343bf31-019e-49df-8ffd-00cfd78d2ab3
|
multi
|
Which one is not true regarding pseudocyst of pancreas
|
Percutaneous aspiration is preferred only in cases of infected cyst and abscesses, other wise internal drainage is the t/t of choice. Epigastric mass is the main symptom of the pseudocyst. Increased level of amylase is usually elevated with pancreatic pseudocysts Ref - Srb's manual of surgery 5e p690
| 4 |
Increase level of amylase
|
Epigastric mass
|
Cystogastrostomy is the ideal T/t
|
Percutaneus aspiration is the T/t
|
Anatomy
|
G.I.T
|
3843d62c-0290-4f6d-bdc4-f4a8fa22a710
|
multi
|
patient with atrial fibrillation which is false
|
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION CLINICAL FEATURES Palpitations, which are sensations of a racing, uncomfoable, irregular heabeat or a flip-flopping in your chest. Weakness. Reduced ability to exercise. Fatigue. Lightheadedness. Dizziness. Shoness of breath. Chest pain. ECG Features of Atrial Fibrillation Irregularly irregular rhythm. No P waves. Absence of an isoelectric baseline. Variable ventricular rate. QRS complexes usually < 120 ms unless pre-existing bundle branch block, accessory pathway, or rate related aberrant conduction ref : harrisons 21st ed
| 1 |
Brain imaging is not done
|
p wave is absent
|
anticoagulants added
|
palpitations are present
|
Medicine
|
All India exam
|
73c7c347-bab6-4a1f-9d6a-0f396decfb8d
|
multi
|
All of the following may be associated with massive proteinuria except -a) Amyloidsisb) Renal vein thrombosisc) Polycystic kidneysd) Polyarteritis nodosa
| null | 4 |
ab
|
bc
|
bd
|
cd
|
Pathology
| null |
9d5df9fa-12bd-4f31-9400-98e777f14f0d
|
multi
|
Microvesicular steatohepatosis seen in
|
Option a, c, d have macrovesicular steatosis.
| 2 |
Diabetes mellitus
|
Reye syndrome
|
LIpodystrophy
|
Phosphorces intoxication
|
Pathology
| null |
7989f4e8-7cab-4a18-9215-af8eee15818f
|
single
|
Disulfiram like reaction is seen with -
|
Ans is 'c' i.e. Metronidazole o Disulfiram is used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenaseo "Disulfiram plus alcohol, even small amounts, produce flushing, throbbing in head and neck, throbbing headache, respiratory difficulty, nausea, copious vomiting, sweating, thirst, chest pain, palpitation, dyspnea, hyperventilation, tachycardia, hypotension, syncope, marked uneasiness, weakness, vertigo, blurred vision, and confusiono In severe reactions there may be respiratory depression, cardiovascular collapse, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, acute congestive heart failure, unconsciousness, convulsions, and death"o Drugs associated with Disulfiram like reactions are1) Antibiotics (nitroimidazoles), e.g. metronidazole2) First-generation sulfonylureas, e.g. tolbutamide and chlorpropamide3) Several cephalosporin drugs, including cefoperazone, cefamandole and cefotetan.4) Griseofulvin5) Procarbazine6) Temposil, or citrated calcium carbimide.
| 3 |
Lithium
|
Terbinafine
|
Metronidazole
|
Olanzapine
|
Psychiatry
|
Alcohol-Related Disorders
|
d592fc0c-254c-4408-8f7e-fba7f440c6d5
|
single
|
Which is a causative organism for malignant ot externa
|
Ans. (b) BacteriaRef: Dhingra's ENT 5th ed. 157-58* Malignant otitis externa is caused by pseudomonas infection in elderly, diabetics & patients on the immune- compromised drugs .* Early manifestation resembles diffuse otitis externa. Patients have severe pain & appearance of granulation in meatus.Infectious Etiology of Ear CanalBacterialFungalViral* Localized otitis externa* Diffuse otitis externa* Malignant otitis externa* Otomycosis* Herpes zoster oticus* Otitis externa hemorrhagica
| 2 |
Virus
|
Bacteria
|
Fungi
|
Protozoa
|
ENT
|
Ear
|
543a6e92-ace5-465b-83ff-7b38b1c93ed8
|
single
|
The following is usually the first sign of pubey in girls ?
|
Adolescence: Stage of transmission from childhood to adulthood. During this stage, there will be an appearance of sexual characters with changes in cognition and psychology. Adolescence refers to this entire process, pubey refers to the physical aspect. Age 10-19 year is considered as a period of adolescence and pubey marks the early half of adolescence. Pubey in girls stas with breast development( thelarche) anytime between 8-13 years. This is followed by an appearance of pubic hair ( pubarche) and subsequently menstruation ( menarche), occurring at an average of 12.6 years. Menarche occurs after 2-21/2 years of thelarche. In boys, the earliest change is an increase in testicular size( testicular volume reaching 4 ml) and this occurs between 9-14 years. This is followed by an appearance of pubic hair and lengthening of the penis. Spermarche( sperm production) stas during mid-adolescence. Laryngeal growth, manifesting as cracking of voice, begins in boys in mid-pubey, deepening of voice is complete by end of pubey. During pubey, boys gain 20-30 cm and girls 16-28 cm of height. Peak growth velocity in girls occurs before attainment of menarche. Boys have their peak growth in later stages of pubey. Reference: GHAI Essential pediatrics, 8th edition
| 4 |
Onset of menstruation
|
Appearance of pubic hair
|
Change in voice
|
Increase in breast size
|
Pediatrics
|
Adolescence
|
25a8465b-23c0-4115-8ea8-b6ca3706376c
|
multi
|
One gray equals
|
SI unit of radiation absorbed dose is GRAY (1 Gy= 1J/Kg)Absorbed dose is the energy absorbed as ionization or excitation per unit mass of the material irradiated.The concept of absorbed dose applies to all kinds of ionizing radiation (direct and indirect) and to any material.Before 1980 the international dose of absorbed dose is RAD1 Gy=100 rad (1rad=1cGy=10 mGy)(Ref: Farr&;s Physics for Medical Imaging, 2nd Edition, Page No 17)
| 2 |
10 RAD
|
100 RAD
|
1000 RAD
|
10000RAD
|
Radiology
|
All India exam
|
9c8e94bf-5259-4e1c-8924-f910c96c00f6
|
single
|
60 yrs old male with poor stream of urine, post void residual urine is 400ml, b/l hydronephrosis and prostate weighing 70 g. His urea is 120 and creatinine 3.5. Ideal "next immediate" step
|
Foley catheter is a flexible tube that a clinician passes through the urethra and into the bladder to drain urine. It is the most common type of indwelling urinary catheter. Foley catheters are used during the following situations: On patients who are anesthesized or sedated for surgery or other medical care On comatose patients On some incontinent patients On patients whose prostate is enlarged to the point that urine flow from the bladder is cut off On patients with acute urinary retention On patients who are unable due to paralysis or physical injury to use either standard toilet facilities or urinals Following urethral surgeries Following ureterectomy On patients with kidney disease whose urine output must be constantly and accurately measured Before and after cesarean section Before and after hysterectomy On patients who have had genital injury On anorexic patients who are unable to use standard toilets due to physical weakness and whose urine output must be constantly measured On patients with fibromyalgia who cannot control their bladder On patients who have severe skin impairment and/or breakdown Ref: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foley_catheter
| 1 |
Catheterize with Foley catheter
|
B/L PC Nephrostomies
|
CT to rule out Ca
|
MRI pelvis
|
Surgery
|
Urology
|
c6e14d8a-d602-4880-a430-5c8e5dd74150
|
multi
|
Dystrophic calcification is commonly seen in
|
(C) Atheromatous plaque # DYSTROPHIC CALCIFICATION:> Calcium and phosphorus metabolism and serum levels are normal and calcification occurs as a result of local abnormality in tissue.> Circumstances is which dystrophic calcification occurs: Necrotic tissue: Fat necrosis; Caseation necrosis in the centre of granuloma; Dead parasites (cysticercosis, hydatid cyst etc.) Abnormal blood vessels & heart: Atheromatous plaque; Organized thrombi in veins; Abnormal cardiac valve> Aging or damaged tissue: Pineal gland; Laryngeal cartilage; Monekeberg's medial sclerosis> Neoplasm: Brain tumor (meningioma,craniopharyngioma, oligodendroglioma); Papillary carcinoma thyroid; Serous tumors of ovary; Breast carcinoma; Chondrosarcoma> Tumor Calcinosis: Formation of nodular non neoplastic calcific masses in subcutaneous tissue
| 3 |
Hyperparathyroidism
|
Vitamin D deficiency
|
Atheromatous plaque
|
Renal disease
|
Pathology
|
Misc.
|
bb5cc9b0-f573-413b-8825-0062b1a226ab
|
single
|
All are true about autism EXCEPT:
|
ANSWER: (B) Child is able to interactREF: Kaplan & Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry 10tEl Edition p. 1194, Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Psychiatry Chapter 37Major Diagnostic Features of Dsm-iv Pervasive Developmental DisordersFeatureAutisticDisorderAsperger'sDisorderChildhoodDisintegrativeDisorderRett'sDisorderPervasive Developmental Disorder NOSSocial impairment+++++Language or communication disorder+ +++Repetitive interests and activities+++++Onset prior to 36 months+ + Average intelligence + Period of normal development +-t- Loss of skills in several areas +
| 2 |
Age between 18-24 months
|
Child is able to interact
|
Repetitive behavior is seen
|
Language is not well developed
|
Psychiatry
|
Intellectual disability, communication, autism, and ADHD
|
7e5081bf-51c1-40cc-9b92-f8c91b5c0b05
|
multi
|
Which of the following are radioactive?
|
Ans. CO 60
| 2 |
CO 59
|
CO 60
|
Yt 90
|
None
|
Radiology
| null |
ec08de5b-7c0c-408f-8d92-aa284c073749
|
multi
|
In a patient of rheumatic carditis full dose of steroid is given for -
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 12 weeks
| 4 |
3 weeks
|
6 weeks
|
9 weeks
|
12 weeks
|
Pediatrics
| null |
b9323bd4-4d92-4294-a64e-2c9e7ce8a315
|
single
|
The apex of the upright human lung compared with the base has:
|
The apex of the upright human lung has a high ventilation perfusion Ratio.Therefore, the apex has a higher alveolar PO2 than the base. The other choices are incorrect because the ventilation of the apex is lower than that of the base, the pH in endcapillary blood is higher because of the reduced PCO2 at the apex, the blood flow is lower as already stated, and the alveoli are larger because of the regional differences of intrapleural pressure.
| 1 |
A higher PO2
|
A higher ventilation
|
A lower pH in end-capillary blood
|
A higher blood flow
|
Physiology
|
Respiratory System Pa 1
|
3f2758ad-cf38-408e-9c6c-9240b7a3005d
|
single
|
Rose spot is associated with
|
a. Typhoid fever(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1390)Skin rash in Enteric fever:In 25% of cases, a macular or maculopapular rash (rose spots) may be visible around the 7th-10th day of the illnessLesions may appear in crops of 10-15 on the lower chest and abdomen and last 2-3 daysThese lesions may be difficult to see in dark-skinned children.
| 1 |
Typhoid fever
|
Malaria
|
Scarlet fever
|
Wilson disease
|
Pediatrics
|
General Considerations - Infectious Diseases
|
e6bbdc0e-4461-49c9-ad07-8a650c67e8c4
|
single
|
Therapeutic drug monitoring is used in ?
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Digoxin Therapeutic drug monitoring is paicularly useful in following situations ? 1. Drugs with low safety margin ? Digoxin Aminoglycoside antibiotics Anticonvulsants Lithium Antiarrythmics Tricyclic antidepressants Theophylline 2. If individual variations are large - Antidepressants, Lithium 3. Potentially toxic drugs used in presence of renal failure - Aminoglycoside antibiotic, vancomycin, cyclosporine 4. In case of poisoning 5. In case of failure of response without any apparent reason - Antimicrobials 6. To check patient compliance -. Psycho-pharmacological agents. Drugs whose response is easily measurable eg. hypoglycaemics (metformin), antihypeensive, diuretics, oral anticoagulants and general anaesthetics, monitoring of plasma conc. is of no value.
| 4 |
Diuretic
|
Metformin
|
Levodopa
|
Digoxin
|
Pharmacology
| null |
3713f087-cf1d-4d81-a775-37274f7544b3
|
single
|
All among the following are true about Papilledema EXCEPT :
|
Blurring of margins of optic disc is the earliest sign of papilledema. Papilledema B/L non inflammatory disc edema with increased ICT. |sed ICT - disturbance in axoplasmic flow. Dilation & touosity of vessels. Elevation of disc. Headache, morning stiffness, projectile vomiting. Enlargement of blind spot. Paton's line (circumferential folds of retinal nerve fiber layer ). Pseudotumor cerebri: Raised ICT a/w papilledema, seen in patients without any intracranial lesion. Atrophic papilledema occurs 6-9 months after initial attack (like features of optic atrophy). Papilledema Normal Optic disc
| 1 |
Earliest sign is enlargement of blind spot
|
Circumferential folds of retinal nerve fiber layer
|
Atrophic papilledema occurs 6-9 months after initial attack
|
Bilateral non inflammatory disc edema with increased ICT
|
Ophthalmology
|
Neuro Ophthalmology
|
7273b7bc-340d-4204-9a3e-0266e7ab6ba1
|
multi
|
When an outcome is compared with intended objectives, it is called as -
|
Input-output analysis is an economic technique.In the health feild,input refers to all health service activities which consume resources and output refers to such useful outcomes as cases treated ,lives saved or inoculations performed (refer pgno:872 park 23 rd edition)
| 2 |
Monitoring
|
Evaluation
|
Input-output analysis
|
Network analysis
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Health education & planning
|
464d0f98-f200-45fd-b0c6-e0253ff3f5b5
|
multi
|
Polycythemia is associated with all the following cancers except
|
*Paraneoplastic syndromes -Syndromes which occur due to hormonal proteins produced by a "Non-endocrine tumor". So if you find an endocrine tumor, you may safely exclude it from the option.*Malignancies associated with polycythemia are the Gastric carcinoma, Renal carcinoma, Cerebellar hemangioma and Hepatocellular carcinoma.Ref: Robbins 8/e p 321
| 3 |
Stomach cancer
|
Liver cancer
|
Prostrate cancer
|
Renal cell cancer
|
Pathology
|
General pathology
|
1ec777f1-3009-422f-b8ca-4b84c102eee2
|
multi
|
Most common renal condition in HIV patient is-
|
About 50%of HIV -infected patients with kidney disease have HIV -associated nephropathy (HIVAN) on biopsy. The ledion in HIVAN is FSGS, and present with nephrotic range proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. They do not commonly have edema, hypeension or Hyperlipidemia In HIV -infected patients not yet on therapy .the presence of HIVAN is an indication to sta anti retroviral therapy. Ref:Harrison 20 th edition pg no 2149
| 2 |
Membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis
|
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
Difftise proliferative glomerulonephritis
|
Medicine
|
Kidney
|
ceeaf9fb-ec29-46d8-a86f-57b1a4e62fac
|
single
|
Nerve Conduction is slowest in
|
Ans. (a) C fibers(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.94)A a - highest conduction velocity (70 - 120 m/s)C fibers - slowest conduction velocity (0.5 - m/s)
| 1 |
C fibers
|
A alpha
|
A beta
|
A delta
|
Physiology
|
Nervous System
|
ce94ef9a-bcc6-48e4-b28c-5fcba8127b71
|
single
|
Drug contraindicated in uterine fibroid:
|
Ans. B Estrogen Ref.: Shaws 15th ed. 1359; Williams Gynecology Ch: 9 * Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasms that typically originate from the myometrium. They are often referred to as uterine myomas, and are incorrectly called fibroids because the considerable amount of collagen contained in many of them creates a fibrous consistency. Estrogen has a hormonal role in the patho-physiology of formation of fibroids. * Drugs used to decrease the size of the fibroid: # GnRH analogue (Buserelin, Nafarelin, Goserelin, Triptorelin, Leuprorelin acetate) # GnRH antagonist: Cetrirelix, Ganirelix # Mifepristone (anti-progesterone) # Danazol
| 2 |
Danazol
|
Estrogen
|
Mifepristone
|
GnRH analogue
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Treatment and Recurrence
|
adc0bcef-c9c0-4142-9ebd-c47af10058d0
|
single
|
Charcot's Joint includes all of the following except :
|
Answer is D (Ahrogryposis multiplex congenita) : Syringomyelia, Leprosy and diabetes are all common causes fin- Neuropathic / Charcot joint disease. Ahrogryposis multiplex congenita comprises a non progressive condition characterized by multiple joint contractures found throughout the body at bih. Charcot joint has not been mentioned in association with Ahrogryposis multiplex. Charcot joint : Neuropathic joint - Neuropathic joint disease (Charcot's joint) is a progressive destructive ahritis associated with loss of pain sensation, proprioception or both. Without these protective reflexes joints are subject to repeated trauma, resulting in progressive cailage and bone damage. Disorders associated with Neuropathic joint disease/Charcot's joint Diabetes Mellitus Tabes Dorsalis Meningomyelocele Syringomyclia Amyloidosis Leprosy Congenital indifference to pain Peroneal muscular atrophy (Charcot-Marie Tooth disease) Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause for Neuropathic joint disease Q
| 4 |
Syringomyelia
|
Leprosy
|
Diabetes
|
Ahrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
|
Medicine
| null |
e69dc183-6eb5-43af-a8de-11124e9bdaf3
|
multi
|
A previously healthy 45-yr-old labourer suddenly develops acute lower back pain with right-leg pain & weakness of dorsiflexion of the right great toe. Which of the following is true -
|
Sudden onset of back pain with radiation to lower limb (right leg pain) and weakness of dorsiflexion of the right great toe in a laborer suggest the diagnosis of PID.
Progression of neurological impairment (for example weakness of toe extension to foot drop) is an indication for surgery.
| 2 |
Immediate treatment should include analgesics muscle relaxants & back strengthening exercises
|
The appearance of the foot drop indicate early surgical intervention
|
If the nerurological signs resolve within 2 to 3 weeks but low back pain persists, the proper treatment would include fusion of affected Lumbar vertebra
|
If the neurological signs fail to resolve within 1 week, Lumbar laminectomy and excision of any herniated nucleus pulposus should be done
|
Orthopaedics
| null |
f3a809dd-6d4b-4acb-8cbc-7e4565e768e8
|
multi
|
Umbilical aery doppler finding which will most significantly predict the intrauterine deaths of the foetus -
|
Please note, the question is 'Which pattern predicts fetal death' hence do not mark 'Absent systolic flow' which no more predicts, but is diagnostic of fetal death. Reversal of diastolic flow most significantly predict the intra uterine deaths of the foetus. Umbilical aery doppler done to assess fetal well being in high risk pregnancy. The order of worsening is estimated in the following sequence Diastolic notching Increased S/D ratio, due to decreased diastolic flow Absent end diastolic flow Reversal of end diastolic flow: most ominous sign, requiring immediate intervention
| 1 |
Reversal of diastolic flow
|
Absent diastolic flow
|
Absent systolic flow
|
Presence of diastolic notch
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, Intrapaum and Antepaum Fetal Surviellance
|
06fdc589-2395-4472-8eb0-28856b64d45c
|
single
|
The average life cycle of cyclops is about -
|
Cyclops or water flea is crustacean present in collections of fresh water. It's a tiny ahropod just visible to trained eyes. It swims with jerky movements. The life cycle is about 3 months It is an intermediate host of Guinea worm disease. Man acquires infection by drinking water containing infected cyclops. REFERENCE: PARK'S TEXTBOOK OF PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE, 25TH EDITION, PG NO. 842
| 3 |
1 month
|
2 months Bihar
|
3 months
|
4 months
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
|
Environment and health
|
4d6ae5da-13f8-4964-99da-caebbc0c0755
|
single
|
Volume of ECF in body is
|
Total body weight = 0.6 × body weight
ICF = 0.4 × body weight
ECF = 0.2 × body weight
Plasma = 0.05 × body weight
Interstitial fluid = 0.15 × body weight
| 2 |
0.1 × body weight
|
0.2 × body weight
|
0.3 × body weight
|
0.4 × body weight
|
Physiology
| null |
5dde0f3d-d4d7-42d8-a78d-51ae7e0ede92
|
single
|
Contents of deep perenial pouch include all of the following except
|
The deep perenial pouch includes deep transverse perineal pouch,membraneous poion of urethra,bulbourethral gland.Deep perineal pouch is the anatomic spacde enclosed by perineum and located superior to the perinial membrane. ref - BDC vol2 6e pg 355,360
| 3 |
Dorsal nerve of penis
|
Bulbourethral gland
|
Root of penis
|
Sphincter urethrae
|
Anatomy
|
Abdomen and pelvis
|
92a7fdc6-ef2f-451c-b586-88c26db15112
|
multi
|
Most malignant tumor of salivary glands ?
|
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Adenoid cystic carcinoma "Adenoid cystic carcinoma has been described as one of the most biologically aggressive and destructive malignant neoplasms, presenting a tendency for local recurrance and late distant metastasis throughout the course of disease." The adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma are all agggressive malignant tumors that carry a poor prognosis regardless of treatment. The acinic cell carcinoma and the mucoepidermoid carcinoma, although undoubtedly malignant tumors with a potential for local invasion and metastatic spread, are frequently very low grade histologically and do not require the radical treatment needed for more aggressive tumors. Cysadenolymphoma (Wahin's tumor) is a benign tumor.
| 3 |
Pleomorphic adenoma
|
Wahin tumor
|
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
|
Acinic cell tumor
|
Pathology
| null |
0c49e1ac-5743-4168-827f-89c6480490b3
|
single
|
Civatte bodies are found in -
|
In Lichen's planus, anucleate necrotic basal cells may become incorporated into the inflamed papillary dermis, where they are referred to as colloid bodies or civatte bodies.
| 1 |
Lichen Planus
|
Psoriasis
|
Dermatophytosis
|
Vitiligo
|
Pathology
| null |
cfdc6a80-efbb-42de-85cf-c80b36c3c6b1
|
single
|
Which of the following is not a cause of the generalized increase in bone density in adults?
|
Caffey's disease (Infantile cortical hyperplasia) causes a generalized increase in bone density in children.
Causes of a generalized increase in bone density in adults:- Myeloproliferative disorders, myelosclerosis, renal osteodystrophy, poisoning (lead), fluorosis, osteoblastic metastasis, lymphoma, mastocytosis, Paget's disease, Metabolic (Hypercalcemia), and idiopathic.
| 4 |
Myelosclerosis
|
Renal osteodystrophy
|
Fluorosis
|
Caffey's disease
|
Radiology
| null |
975e1af7-ac26-4c45-bd71-950795fbe6d9
|
single
|
vesicles over erythematous plaques in T3 dermatome region of trunk. Which of fle following would be the most likely causative or:,tn?
|
Ans. a. Varicella zoster A 60-year-old male presents with painful, grouped vesicles over erythematous plaques in T dermatome region of trunk. Varicella zoster is the most likely causative organism.
| 1 |
Varicella zoster
|
Herpes simplex
|
Pox virus
|
Papilloma virus
|
ENT
| null |
f6738100-1453-4ef2-b9ed-06ea7092ee1d
|
single
|
The most common primary cause of intraocular tumor in children-
|
*Most common intraocular tumor of childhood is retinoblastoma. Ref:Khurana 7th/e p.314,
| 1 |
Retinoblastoma
|
Rhabdomyosarcoma
|
Neuroblastoma
|
Melanoma
|
Ophthalmology
|
Tumors
|
071f0b53-73df-480c-9370-79cb71e13cb9
|
single
|
Which type of FSGS has worst prognosis
|
Collapsing variant has the worst prognosis.
It is also associated with HIV.
| 2 |
Perihilar variant
|
Collapsing variant
|
Glomerular tip variant
|
Cellular variant
|
Pathology
| null |
8f94c323-f70f-42a3-a7ed-9e3ffd33a6ac
|
single
|
Baonella heaselae causes all except -
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Oroya fever Baonella henselae causes Cat scratch disease (Afipia felis also causes cat scratch disease) Bacillary angiomatosis (B. quintana also causes angiomatosis) Bacillary peliosis Bacteremia Endocarditis (SABE) Oroya fever is caused by Baonella bacilliformis.
| 1 |
Oroya fever
|
Cat scratch disease
|
Bacillary angiomatosis
|
SABE
|
Microbiology
| null |
fc0542be-d100-4667-9fc0-7d2efcb3864f
|
multi
|
Fistula leading to highest electrolyte imbalance is:
|
In general, the more proximal the fistula in the intestine, the more serious the problem, with greater fluid and electrolyte loss. The drainage has a greater digestive capacity, and the distal segment is not available for absorption of nutrients. Fistula leading to highest electrolyte imbalance is Duodenal fistula
| 2 |
Gastric
|
Duodenal
|
Sigmoid
|
Rectal
|
Surgery
|
Small intestine
|
7bde9f8f-ae7f-47f3-8447-f19ef90b47e8
|
single
|
Drug monitoring is required for the following
|
(A) Lithium# Lithium is generally taken with food, although its absorption is not markedly affected by the presence of food.> Doses vary widely and are adjusted based on measurements of the levels of lithium in the blood.> Early in therapy, dose adjustments are made as often as every 5 to 7 days to establish the correct dose.> Patients with kidney diseases excrete less lithium from the body and, therefore, require lower doses.
| 1 |
Lithium
|
Paracetamol
|
Ampicillin
|
Olanzapine
|
Pharmacology
|
Miscellaneous (Pharmacology)
|
a30e69ea-0bc8-430d-b0a9-5731266ae7ac
|
single
|
Patient comes with crush injury to upper limb, doctor is concerned about gangrene and sepsis what can help decide between amputation and limb salvage?
|
Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) used as predictor of eventual amputation versus limb salvage in crushing injuries. Higher the score lower the chances of salvage. Type Points (Depending on severity) Shock group 0-2 Ischemia group 1-4 Velocity of trauma 1-4 Age group 0-1 Total score 11 Mess Score: Total Score is 11, six or less consistent with a salvageable limb. Seven or greater amputation is generally the eventual result. Crush syndrome Limb is compressed for a prolonged period and after extended use of pneumatic antishock garment resulting in hypoperfusion and myonecrosis in the crushed limb. When the limb is released from the compression, toxic metabolites get released to cause reperfusion injury. Can result in a systemic reaction due to tissue necrosis. Free myoglobin can lead to acute tubular necrosis and renal failure. Myonecrosis can lead to metabolic acidosis with hyperkalaemia and hypocalcaemia.
| 1 |
MESS
|
GCS score
|
Gustilo-Anderson classification
|
ASIA guidelines
|
Orthopaedics
|
Amputations and Spos Injury
|
5ab6ff74-176f-40ed-abde-14c6c633b297
|
single
|
Which of the following is a contraindication for breastfeeding?
|
d. Active untreated TB(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 287)Related to baby: Galactosemia, Lactose intoleranceRelated to mother:AbsoluteRelative contraindications to breastfeedingMother on Chemotherapy or RadiotherapyConditionCommentMaternal HIVContraindicated in developed countries; In developing countries, mixed feeding is contraindicatedActive untreated TBBreastfeeding is contraindicated until completion of at least 2 weeks of antitubercular therapyVaricella-zosterInfant should not have direct contact to active lesions; Infant should receive immune globulinHerpes simplex infectionBreastfeeding is contraindicated with active herpetic lesions of the breast
| 4 |
Hep A
|
Hep B
|
CMV
|
Active untreated TB
|
Pediatrics
|
Nutrition
|
39f77a15-0e22-417e-a2c7-f76788fca787
|
single
|
The drug of choice in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation is
| null | 2 |
Digitalis
|
Procainamide
|
Verapamil
|
Adenosine
|
Medicine
| null |
f90f28fa-dbc3-4cc3-88bd-20139734bb79
|
single
|
Prostate glands is homologous to:
|
Ans. is c, i.e. Skene glandsRef: COGDT 11th/ed, p24Glands in maleHomologous glands in females* Prostate gland* Skene glands/paraurethral glands* Cowper's gland* Bartholin gland* Glands of Littre (in penile urethra)* Glands of labia majora* Glands of labia minora
| 3 |
Bartholin's gland
|
Cowper's gland
|
Skene glands
|
Bulbourethral glands
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
|
Gynaecological Anatomy
|
32ccfc53-032f-4e88-9072-ab633137bf5f
|
single
|
Skull of a male differs from that of a female by all of the following except -
|
As a general rule, muscular markings are more prominent and marked on male skeleton.
Capacity of male skull is 1500-1550 cc.
Orbits of male’s are square and frontal eminences are small.
| 2 |
Capacity greater than 1500 c.c
|
Muscular markings over occiput are less marked
|
Orbits square
|
Frontal eminence small
|
Forensic Medicine
| null |
a0eac10c-3d19-4e40-9f35-ab66a7ffb5b9
|
multi
|
The windswept deformity is seen in-
|
Windswept deformity is seen in rickets.
Also know
The windswept deformity is also seen in RA, physical osteochondromatosis, and hereditary dysplasia (epiphyseal dysplasia).
| 3 |
Achondroplasia
|
Ankylosing spondylitis
|
Rickets
|
Scurvy
|
Orthopaedics
| null |
78ed81cf-b987-4fde-bbce-520f07836c4d
|
single
|
At what atmosphere pressure gradient barotraumatic otitis media occurs
| null | 2 |
80 mm of Hg
|
90 mm of Hg
|
100 mm of Hg
|
120 mm of Hg
|
ENT
| null |
e4d65690-8244-49e0-b643-15fa1d458d00
|
single
|
True statement about latch bridge mechanism
|
Latch bridge mechanism is seen in smooth muscle. In smooth muscle, even after depolarisation of muscle cross bridge continue to cling for sometime leading to sustained contraction of smooth muscle.
| 2 |
Binding of tropomyosin to actin
|
Sustained contraction of smooth muscle with low consumption of energy
|
Variability of tension at particular length
|
None of the above
|
Physiology
| null |
0cd94b02-db41-4d25-a841-88e76c9e9c7d
|
multi
|
Brachy cephalic individual usually has
| null | 2 |
Narrow dental arches
|
Broad dental arches
|
Normal dental arches
|
B or C
|
Dental
| null |
8a4ae396-82f3-4fa0-8b61-1fec618f2a16
|
multi
|
Isolation has a definitive value in all except:
|
Hepatitis E
| 4 |
Diphtheria
|
Cholera
|
Pneumonic Plague
|
Hepatitis E
|
Social & Preventive Medicine
| null |
2c371147-3ab2-403b-b3e1-9b2b95e46267
|
multi
|
All are features of RPGN except
|
Answer is A (Rapid recovery) : RPGN is characterised by rapidly progressive renal disease which culminates in End stage renal disease (ESRF) within months after onset. Recovery is rare. RPGN is characterized by a Subacute glomerular inflammation with : Nephritic urinary sediment, i.e. RBC casts, WBC casts Sub-nephrotic non-selective proteinuria (proteinuria < 3.5 g/24 hr) (selective proteinuria is a feature of minimal change disease) Oliguria and Edema Hypeension Presence of crescents pathologically
| 1 |
Rapid recovery
|
Crescent formation
|
Hypeension
|
Non-selective proteinuria
|
Medicine
| null |
edd6b9ad-50a9-407d-9871-851b52db8859
|
multi
|
Drug with beta adrenergic blocking, with antioxidant, with calcium channel blocking, with alpha 1 antagonist activity' is -
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Carvedilol Carvedilolo Carvedilol is b1 + b2 + a1 adrenoceptor blocker with a : b blocking property of 1 : 9.o It has antioxidant and antimitotic property.o It produces peripheral vasodilation due to a-l blockade as well as calcium channel blockade (direct effect).o It is used in hypertension and angina.o It is used as cardioprotective in CHF.o t 1/2 is 2-8 hrs.o It is eliminated through liver and kidney,o It causes orthostatic hypotension.
| 2 |
Esmolol
|
Carvedilol
|
Nebivolol
|
Levobunolol
|
Pharmacology
|
Anti Adrenergic System
|
80a9ad83-09df-4f8c-b138-bb0ebe428c3f
|
single
|
Cobicistat is used along which of the following antiretroviral drug?
|
Cobicistat, with trade name Tybost (formerly GS-9350) is a licensed drug for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV/AIDS). Its major mechanism of action is through the inhibition of human CYP3A proteins. Like ritonavir (Norvir), cobicistat is of interest for its ability to inhibit liver enzymes that metabolize other medications used to treat HIV, notably elvitegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor and darunavir. By combining cobicistat with elvitegravir, higher concentrations of the latter are achieved in the body with lower dosing, theoretically enhancing elvitegravir's viral suppression while diminishing its adverse side-effects. Indinavir and Ritonavir both are use protease inhibitor use for HIV patient.
| 2 |
Indinavir
|
Darunavir
|
Ritonavir
|
Saquvinavir
|
Pharmacology
|
JIPMER 2017
|
92d8b2d9-aae0-4c0e-bb8e-7c46e6092e6e
|
single
|
Maximum global warming is by?
|
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Desflurane Desflurane is a greenhouse gas. It causes maximum global warming. Global warming potential (as an equal amount of O2) Isoflurane 210 times Sevoflurane 510 times Desflurane 1620 times
| 1 |
Desflurane
|
Isoflurane
|
Sevoflurane
|
Halothane
|
Anaesthesia
| null |
a9556210-9b96-4d21-baae-b02e56fa0bf9
|
single
|
Chancre redux is a clinical feature of -
| null | 1 |
Early relapsing syphilis
|
Late syphilis
|
Chancroid
|
Recurrent herpes simplex infection
|
Microbiology
| null |
eae879ac-23b1-4599-bc8f-73507e8fb858
|
single
|
The instrument formula of a Gingival margin trimmer is 12 1/2-100-7-14. This instrument cannot be used for:
|
The gingival margin trimmer is designed to produce a proper bevel on gingival enamel margins of proximoocclusal preparations. When the second number in the formula is 90 to 100, the pair is used on the distal gingival margin. When this number is 85 to 75, the pair is used to bevel the mesial margin. The 100 and 75 pairs are for inlay/onlay preparations with steep gingival bevels. The 90 and 85 pairs are for amalgam preparations with gingival enamel bevels that decline gingivally only slightly. Among other uses for these instruments is the rounding or beveling of the axiopulpal line angle of two-surface preparations.
Ref: Sturdevant's art and science of operative dentistry. 4th edition page 315
| 2 |
Distal gingival preparation
|
Mesial gingival preparation
|
Inlay preparation with steep gingival bevel
|
Onlay preparation with steep gingival bevel
|
Dental
| null |
a5e5911d-9442-42e9-9667-13a27ce25662
|
single
|
Which of the following drugs is associated with gingival hyperplasia?
| null | 3 |
Dihydropyridines
|
Tetracyclines
|
Cyclosporin
|
Metronidazole
|
Dental
| null |
627f2a03-dddf-4c3c-9e30-d51866190d58
|
single
|
Most common cause of pseudoaneurysm
|
Answer- B. TraumaWhen wall, is ruptured and there is collection of blood outside the vessel wall (extravascular hematoma) that is freelycommunicating with vessel wall - false aneurysm (Pseudoaneurysm). Most common cause of false aneurysm is Trauma.
| 2 |
iv drug abuse
|
Trauma
|
Congenital
|
None
|
Surgery
| null |
ab0254ae-1ed9-4633-97e5-0a1e1e1956d8
|
multi
|
Brinell hardness number of a dental gold alloy is directly proportional to its :
|
The Brinell hardness number is related to the proportional limit and the ultimate tensile strength of dental gold alloys. Because the test is a relatively simple one, it may often be conveniently used as an index of properties that involve more complex test methods. The Brinell hardness test is one of the oldest tests employed for determining the hardness of metals.
Key Concept: The Brinell hardness number is related to the proportional limit and the ultimate tensile strength of dental gold alloys.
Phillips dental materials 12th edition page no 64
| 1 |
Tensile strength
|
Elongation
|
Modulus of elasticity
|
Modulus of resilience
|
Dental
| null |
28c76656-cfaf-4dcf-897e-6e98ea005c0c
|
multi
|
Neurotrophic keratopathy is caused by -
|
Neuroparalytic keratitis occurs due to paralysis of the sensory nerve supply of the cornea. Causes I.Congenital 1.Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome) 2.Congenital insensitivity to Pain. 3.Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. II.Acquired 1.Following alcohol-block or electrocoagulation of Gasserian ganglion or section of the sensory root of trigeminal nerve for trigeminal neuralgia. 2.A neoplasm pressing on Gasserian ganglion. 3.Gasserian ganglion destruction due to acute infection in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. 4.Acute infection of Gasserian ganglion by herpes simplex virus. 5.Syphilitic (luetic) neuropathy. 6.Involvement of corneal nerves in leprosy. 7.Injury to Gasserian ganglion Reference:Comprehensive ophthalmology,AK Khurana,4th edition,page no.107
| 3 |
Bell's palsy
|
Facial and trigeminal nerve palsy both
|
Trigeminal nerve palsy
|
All of the above
|
Ophthalmology
|
Cornea and sclera
|
bcae18f5-1ddd-4138-a631-bc09c0c9375e
|
multi
|
True about Perseveration?
|
Ans. A. Persistent and inappropriate repetition of same wordsPerseveration: it is mental operations tend to persist beyond the point of relevance in response to a question.For e.g. a person is asked1. What is your name? he gives correct answer2. Where u live? he gives the same answer but not relevant3. What u do? He again gives the same answerIt is a sign of organic brain disease-- nearly pathognomic sign but may be seen in schizophrenia. It is of 3 types:* Compulsive repetition* Impairment of switching* Ideational perseveration
| 1 |
Persistent and inappropriate repetition of same words
|
Clang association
|
Characteristic of schizophrenia
|
Word salad
|
Psychiatry
|
Schizophrenia
|
7217870c-77f6-4522-8617-a4018b70477c
|
multi
|
Most common site of carcinoma of stomach in developed countries is
|
The proximal stomach is now the most common site for gastriccancer in resource-rich western countriesIt can be seen that just under 60% of all of the malignancies occurring in the oesophagus and stomach occur in proximity to the oesophago-gastric junction.This high prevalence of proximal gastric cancer is not seen in Japan, where distal cancer still predominates, as it does in most of the rest of the world.Bailey and Love 27e pg: 1132
| 1 |
Proximal stomach
|
Gastric antrum
|
Lesser curvature
|
Greater curvature
|
Surgery
|
G.I.T
|
52ac7564-e4c4-4273-b5c2-c634c2831303
|
single
|
A 23-year-old man with hemophilia is recently wheelchair bound. Which of the following best accounts for this development?
|
Hemarthrosis refers to bleeding into the joint cavity. It is associated with joint swelling and is a crippling complication of hemophilia. Repeated bleeding may cause deformities and may limit the mobility of the joints. Hematemesis (choice B) is vomiting blood. Hematocephalus (choice C) is an intracranial infusion of blood. Hematochezia (choice D) is passage of blood caused by lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Hemoptysis (choice E) is coughing up blood.Diagnosis: Hemophilia, hemarthrosis
| 1 |
Hemarthrosis
|
Hematemesis
|
Hematocephalus
|
Hematochezia
|
Pathology
|
Hemodynamics
|
31217ea5-a1f1-4e7e-b917-e38db8c6d566
|
single
|
A 9-years-old female child presented with polyuria, polydipsia and metabolic acidosis. On slit lamp examination crystal deposits are seen in cornea. What is the diagnosis?
|
b. Cystinosis(Ref: Nelson 20/e p 2529-2530)Features of renal tubular dysfunction like polyuria, polydipsia and metabolic acidosis, along with presence of crystal deposits in cornea on slit lamp examination of eye suggest a diagnosis of Cystinosis
| 2 |
Cystinuria
|
Cystinosis
|
Cystothioninuria
|
Homocysteinuria
|
Pediatrics
|
Kidney
|
1f9df3c1-6fff-40ce-8054-bab5a4284d88
|
single
|
Acetylcholine receptors are decreased in:September 2009
|
Ans. D: Myasthenia gravisMyasthenia gravis is a serious and sometimes fatal disease in which skeletal muscles are weak and tire easily. It is caused by the formation of circulating antibodies to the muscle type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These antibodies destroy some of the receptors and bind others to neighboring receptors, triggering their removal by endocytosis. The reason for the development of autoimmunity to acetylcholine receptors in this disease is still unknown. Another condition that resembles myasthenia gravis is Lambe-Eaton syndrome. In this condition, muscle weakness is caused by antibodies against one of the Ca2+ channels in the nerve endings at the neuromuscular junction. This decreases the normal Ca2+ influx that causes acetylcholine release. However, muscle strength increases with prolonged contractions as more Ca2+ is released.
| 4 |
Lambe-Eaton syndrome
|
Parkinson disease
|
Alzheimer disease
|
Myasthenia gravis
|
Physiology
| null |
33733ada-7e47-4a3c-96ee-a8a044a9ee38
|
single
|
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is seen in all except?
|
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Gitelman syndrome
| 4 |
RTA1
|
Diarrhea
|
Uraemia
|
Gitelman syndrome
|
Medicine
|
Fluid & Electrolyte
|
4098411b-3e68-47e2-a401-ac79215f8870
|
multi
|
Which of the following hepatitis viruses has significant perinatal transmission -
| null | 3 |
Hepatitis E virus
|
Hepatitis C virus
|
Hepatitis B virus
|
Hepatitis A virus
|
Medicine
| null |
b322abd2-8118-41b4-a388-1e29a22cffe8
|
single
|
All of the following nerves have general visural fibers except
|
Olfactory nerve belongs to SSA (special somatic afferent) neural column.
Cranial nerve 1, 2 and 8 are under SSA.There nerve brings spaecial sensahirns (smell, visim, hearing and balance) from the periphery.
GVE(General Viscural Efferent) nerval column belongs to autonomic nervous system and supplies the three effectors : cardiac muscles, smooth muscle and glands.
Occulomotor nerve supplies to smooth muscles under this neural column.
Facial nerve has superior salivatory nucleus and glassopharyngeal nerve has inferior salivary nucleus smooth muscle of glands under this column.
| 1 |
Olfactory
|
Oculomotor
|
Facial
|
Glossophangngeal
|
Anatomy
| null |
91c1ba2c-17ec-4c3a-a5c1-165000fa6eaa
|
multi
|
Mucous membrane of vagina is lined by:
|
Ans. A: Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous epithelium
| 1 |
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous epithelium
|
Keratinized Stratified Squamous epithelium
|
Columnar cells
|
Cuboidal epithelium
|
Anatomy
| null |
a708ee95-cf8f-40f0-951e-3e9c286a5ff4
|
single
|
Which antiepileptic drug does not act inhibition of sodium channels?
|
It is an inhibitor of GABAtransaminase, the enzyme which degrades GABA. Anticonvulsant action may be due to increase in synaptic GABA concentration Ref: KD TRIPATHI 8thh ed.
| 1 |
Vigabatrin
|
Carbamazepine
|
Lamotrigine
|
Pheriytoin
|
Pharmacology
|
Central Nervous system
|
6bae83f7-6523-4671-8ed7-c11ea4ba416e
|
single
|
According to disabilities ACT 1995. Seventh disability is usually refferred to as ?
|
Mental illness According to disabilities act 1995, the disabilities are:- i) Blindness ii) Low vision iii) Leprosy cured iv) Hearing impairment v) Locomotor disability vi) Mental retardation vii) Mental illness
| 2 |
Neurological abnormality
|
Mental illness
|
Substance abuse
|
Disability due to road traffic accident
|
Psychiatry
| null |
3db1b9ee-4f47-4fc2-8283-4cd25d238392
|
multi
|
Lallo, the 25-year-old man, presented with h/o of pain, redness & watering of left eye for last 1 day. There is also intolerance to light. Most probable diagnosis is –
|
First see the information in question :
Pain, redness & watering (lacrimation)
Intolerance to light (Photophobia)
Acute posterior uveitis does not cause pain, redness, photophobia and lacrimation. The most prominent symptom is diminished vision especially if the lesion involves macula, maculopapillary bundle and optic nerve.
In Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, initially there are symptoms of conjunctivitis, i.e. conjunctival congestion, lacrimation, chemosis, lid hemorrhage and conjunctival hemorrhage. Conical involvement (Photophobia) occurs at around one week after onset of conjunctivitis. In this question, all the symptoms are appearing at same time (since one day).
Now we are left with keratitis (corneal ulcer) and acute anterior uveitis. Both can present with pain, redness, lacrimation and photophobia. We cannot differentiate between these two on the basis of information provided in the question.
But, we have to choose one option, and keratitis seems to be best because :-
The more classical signs of anterior uveitis, i.e. KPs and aqueous flare have not been mentioned in the question.
Photophobia is more prominent in conical involvement.
| 1 |
Keratitis
|
Acute anterior uveitis
|
Acute posterior uveitis
|
Epidemic kerato conjunctivitis
|
Ophthalmology
| null |
64496c6d-a1e8-4ceb-9d52-2e27c3b61da6
|
multi
|
The greatest total cross-sectional area in the circulatory system is of
|
The greatest cross sectional area in the circulatory system is of capillaries. The total cross-sectional area is minimum for the aoa. Characteristics of Various Types of Blood Vessels in Systemic Circulation: Vessel Lumen Diameter Wall Thickness Approx. Total cross sectional area (Cm2) % of Blood volume contained * Aoa 2.5cm 2mm 4.5 2 Aery 0.4cm 1mm 20 8 Aeriole 30 mcm 1 mcm 400 1 Capillary 5 mcm 1 mcm 4500 5 Venule 20 mcm 2 mcm 4000 54 Vein 0.5cm 0.5mm 40 54 Vena cava 3 cm 1.5mm 18 54 *In systemic vessels; there is an aditional 12% in the hea and 18% in the pulmonary circulation. Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology 26th edition Pgno: 559
| 2 |
Aoa
|
Capillaries
|
Venules
|
Vene cavea
|
Physiology
|
Cardiovascular system
|
5fda4dd2-ed2c-4191-b7f1-8907b806b949
|
single
|
Elevated androgens in PCOD
|
Elevated androgen convert vellus hair into coarse terminal hair. This conversion is irreversible.
| 2 |
Convert terminal hair to vellus hair irreversibly.
|
Convert vellus hair to terminal hair irreversibly.
|
Reversible conversion of vellus hair to terminal hair.
|
Reversible conversion of terminal hair to vellus hair.
|
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
| null |
6961eeaf-07ce-4e87-a518-335feb78c0cf
|
single
|
Which of the following increases castability of base metal alloys?
|
Beryllium refines grain size, which increases strength, and lowers the fusion temperature of the alloys, which improves castability. Manganese and silicon also improve the castability of the alloys.
Phillips 12 ed page no 375
| 2 |
Tin
|
Beryllium
|
Molybdenum
|
Carbon
|
Dental
| null |
5821c658-a7e0-4d17-bf07-357106040a58
|
multi
|
Which diuretic could be considered appropriate for combining with ACE inhibitors?
|
Ans. (C) Hydrochlorothiazide(Ref: Katzung 10/e p571; KDT 8/e p632)*ACE inhibitors are contra-indicated in the presence of hyperkalemia. Aldosterone antagonists (like spironolactone and epleronone) and epithelial sodium channel blockers (like amiloride and triamterene) are potassium sparing diuretics and should not be combined with ACE inhibitors. Thiazides on the other hand cause hypokalemia and can be combined with ACE inhibitors.
| 3 |
Spironolactone
|
Eplerenone
|
Hydrochlorothiazide
|
Amiloride
|
Pharmacology
|
Diuretics and Antidiuretics
|
c5f8e78b-3fe6-4c76-ae62-b4255de9d72b
|
multi
|
Advantages of complete veneer crown include all of the above except:
|
Advantages of complete veneer crown
Most effective retention and resistance.
Alteration in tooth form and occlusion possible.
Disadvantages of complete veneer crown
Extensive tooth preparation.
Margins are close to gingiva and need meticulous maintenance.
| 3 |
Most effective retention and resistance.
|
Alteration in tooth form and occlusion possible.
|
Margins are close to gingiva.
|
None of the above
|
Dental
| null |
910c1050-e737-4cb7-8e30-e3454eb9f630
|
multi
|
A stenotic valve is removed from a 70-year-old man. The value demonstrates hard nodular masses heaped up within the sinuses of Valsalva. On microscopic section, the acellular masses stain darkly blue with hematoxylin and eosin. Which of the following is the MOST significant constituent of the masses?
|
The valvular disease is calcific aoic stenosis, a disease of the elderly in which nodules of calcium salts, notably calcium phosphate salts, form as a result of dystrophic calcification. Dystrophic calcification can also be seen at sites of previous necrosis of many etiologies (coagulative, caseous, liquefactive, or enzymatic fat necrosis) and in advanced atherosclerosis.Calcium oxalates are found in some kidney stones.Complexed iron is seen in hemosiderin deposits, often at sites where there has been previous hemorrhage or if there is a systemic overload of iron.Magnesium phosphates are found in some kidney stones. Ref: Taylor R.D., Asinger R.W. (2009). Chapter 29. Long-Term Anticoagulation for Cardiac Conditions. In M.H. Crawford (Ed), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Cardiology, 3e.
| 2 |
Calcium oxalates
|
Calcium phosphates
|
Complexed iron
|
Magnesium phosphates
|
Pathology
| null |
bced69b7-71d6-49ba-8fce-fae41c26c50f
|
single
|
Turner syndrome is maximally associated with ?
|
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Coarctation of aoa Among the given options Aoic coarctation is most common.
| 2 |
Horseshoe kidney
|
Coarctation of aoa
|
VSD
|
ASD
|
Pediatrics
| null |
d3766a3b-3ce3-4307-8e2e-03e0801eb44e
|
multi
|
Ego's defence mechanism "Undoing" is typically seen in -
|
Undoing is seen in OCD.
| 3 |
Depression
|
Schizophrenia
|
Obsessive compulsive neurosis
|
Hysteria
|
Psychiatry
| null |
122621e7-e8da-48c4-8e50-c329f295995d
|
multi
|
The period of normalcy is seen between two psychotic episodes. The diagnosis is
|
Bipolar mood disorder earlier known as manic-depressive psychosis is characterised by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in the same patient at different times. These episodes can occur in any sequence. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no73)
| 2 |
Schizophrenia
|
Manic depressive psychosis (MDP)
|
Alcoholism
|
Depression
|
Psychiatry
|
Mood disorders
|
d0635db6-7a3e-4fb0-9bf4-31090de8b949
|
single
|
Patient with bleeding due to platelet function defects has which of the following features?
|
Platelet defect are of two types- Functional defect and quantitative defect . Platelet function defect - - Normal platelet count - | Bleeding Time - Bernard Soulier disease ,VWD, Glanzmann's disease
| 2 |
Normal platelet count and normal bleeding time
|
Normal platelet count and increased bleeding time
|
Decreased platelet count and increased bleeding time
|
Normal platelet count and decreased bleeding time
|
Pathology
|
Platelet
|
39c766c9-c8fb-4281-a8a9-f9ae3647d959
|
single
|
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