manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

chunk_id stringlengths 3 9	chunk stringlengths 1 100
81_79	University of New Zealand, with the study of Māori becoming eligible for a degree of Bachelor of
81_80	Arts in 1928.
81_81	Throughout all this, Ngata also remained deeply involved in the affairs of his Ngāti Porou iwi,
81_82	particularly as regards land development. He was instrumental in establishing the land
81_83	incorporation scheme whereby unused Māori land with multiple owners was amalgamated under a farm
81_84	manager—often Pākehā, who developed and ran the farm. In government he was able to arrange for the
81_85	transfer of four blocks of farm land to Te Puea Herangi and her husband. He arranged grants and
81_86	government loans to help her develop farms for Waikato. He fired the Pākehā farm manager and
81_87	replaced him with Te Puea. He arranged a car for her so she could travel around her estates. In
81_88	1934, during the depression, the public, media and parliament became alarmed at the large sums of
81_89	money being gifted to Te Puea and others. A royal commission was held and Ngata was found guilty of
81_90	irregularities in expenditure and negligence in administration, but no major scandals were
81_91	unearthed. His land projects up to 1934 had involved the expenditure of £500,000, most of which was
81_92	recoverable. Ngata resigned in December 1934. Ngata fought for higher living standards for the
81_93	Māori people, and was very active during an economic depression in New Zealand in the Thirties,
81_94	developing large farms which provided jobs and helped to restore the dignity of many Māori.
81_95	Ngata was knighted as a Knight Bachelor in the 1927 King's Birthday Honours, only the third Māori
81_96	(after Carroll and Pomare) to receive this honour.
81_97	Ministerial career
81_98	In the 1928 election, the United Party (a rebranding of the old Liberal Party, to which Ngata
81_99	belonged) won an unexpected victory. Ngata was returned to Cabinet, becoming Minister of Native
81_100	Affairs. He was ranked third within Cabinet, and occasionally served as acting Deputy Prime
81_101	Minister. Ngata remained extremely diligent in his work, and was noted for his tirelessness. Much
81_102	of his ministerial work related to land reforms, and the encouragement of Māori land development.
81_103	Ngata continued to believe in the need to rejuvenate Māori society, and worked strongly towards
81_104	this goal.
81_105	In 1929, Ngata's wife Arihia Ngata and his eldest son Mākarini died of dysentery. After Arihia's
81_106	death, Ngata married Te Rīringi Tūhou in 1932.
81_107	In 1932 Ngata and his Department of Native Affairs came under increasing criticism from other
81_108	politicians. Many believed that Ngata was pressing ahead too fast, and the large amount of activity
81_109	that Ngata ordered had caused organizational difficulties within the department. An inquiry into
81_110	Ngata's department was held, and it was discovered that one of Ngata's subordinates had falsified
81_111	accounts. Ngata himself was severely criticised for disregarding official regulations which he had
81_112	often felt were inhibiting progress. It was also alleged that Ngata had shown favouritism to Ngāti
81_113	Porou and Waikato, especially Te Puea and her husband Rawiri Tumokai Katipa. Bob Semple, a leading
81_114	Labour politician, said the Royal Commission investigation showed one of the worst specimens of
81_115	abuse of political power, maladministration, misappropriation of public funds as well as a betrayal
81_116	of trust. Ngata, while denying any personal wrongdoing, accepted responsibility for the actions of
81_117	his department and was dismissed from his ministerial position.
81_118	Māori leaders, such as Te Puea, were angry at Ngata for discrediting and embarrassing Māori.
81_119	Later life and legacy
81_120	Although Ngata had resigned from Cabinet, he still remained in Parliament. He was awarded the King
81_121	George V Silver Jubilee Medal in 1935. In the 1935 election, the Labour Party was triumphant –
81_122	Ngata went into Opposition, although the new Labour government retained many of his land reform
81_123	programs. Ngata remained in Parliament until the 1943 election, when he was finally defeated by a
81_124	Labour-Rātana candidate, Tiaki Omana. He had been a member of parliament for almost 38 consecutive
81_125	years, breaking the previous record of 32 years set by James Carroll and coming close to Maurice
81_126	O'Rorke overall record of nearly 39 years. Both marks were later surpassed by Rex Mason.
81_127	Ngata stood again for his seat in the 1946 election, but was unsuccessful. He remained involved in
81_128	politics despite leaving Parliament. He gave advice on Māori affairs to both Peter Fraser (a Labour
81_129	Prime Minister) and Ernest Corbett (a National Minister of Māori Affairs), and arranged
81_130	celebrations of the Treaty of Waitangi's centenary in 1940. In the Second World War, he once again
81_131	helped gather Māori recruits. On 22 June 1950, he was appointed to Parliament's upper house, the
81_132	Legislative Council, but was too ill by this time to take his seat.
81_133	In 1948, Ngata's second wife, Lady Te Rīringi, died, and he married Hēne Te Kira not long before
81_134	his own death.
81_135	On 7 May 1948, Ngata received an honorary doctorate in literature (LittD) from the Victoria
81_136	College. At the same ceremony, his youngest son Hēnare graduated with a Bachelor of Arts.
81_137	Ngata died in Waiomatatini on 14 July 1950, following a brief illness, and was buried beside his
81_138	first wife Lady Arihia behind their home 'The Bungalow' in Waiomatatini. He is remembered for his
81_139	great contributions to Māori culture and language. His image appears on New Zealand's $50 banknote.
81_140	Sir Āpirana and Lady Arihia Ngata guided the design of the St. Michael and All Angels' Chapel at
81_141	Hukarere Girls College, and the chapel was consecrated on 1 November 1953.
81_142	Several schools have houses named after him, including Rangiora High School, Tauranga Boys'
81_143	College, Rotorua Intermediate, Cashmere High School, Te Aute College (where Ngata went), Te Puke
81_144	High School, Wainuiomata High School and Otumoetai Intermediate.
81_145	Ngata has inspired all sorts of politicians today, who follow his blend of progressive
81_146	conservatism. As controversial as he was adulated, Ngata's legacy is still very complicated. While
81_147	many have praised him for tireless work to promote the Māori language (especially in a white-based,
81_148	right-wing political environment), others have criticised and even derided him for corruption,
81_149	conservatism and not taking the views of all his iwi into account while making incredibly important
81_150	decisions on his own. He has also given some apparent credence to the views of right-wing
81_151	politicians such as Winston Peters and Don Brash.
81_152	Family legacy
81_153	On 19 October 2009, Āpirana Ngata's last surviving daughter, Mate Huatahi Kaiwai (born Ngata), died
81_154	at her residence at Ruatoria, East Cape, New Zealand, aged 94. She was interred next to her late
81_155	husband Kaura-Ki-Te-Pakanga Kaiwai and her son Tanara Kaiwai at Pukearoha Urupa. In the 2004 New
81_156	Year Honours she had been made a Companion of the Queen's Service Order (QSO) for community
81_157	service.
81_158	Ngata's youngest son, Sir Hēnare Ngata, died on 11 December 2011 aged 93. He was Māori
81_159	vice-president of the National Party from 1967 to 1969 and stood as the National Party candidate
81_160	for Eastern Māori in 1969.
81_161	Ngata's grandson Hōri Mahue Ngata wrote a widely used Māori-English dictionary. Notes References
81_162	External links from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
81_163	1874 births 1950 deaths Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
81_164	Members of the New Zealand Legislative Council New Zealand Liberal Party MPs
81_165	University of Auckland alumni University of Canterbury alumni People from Te Araroa
81_166	New Zealand Knights Bachelor Māori culture Māori language New Zealand people of World War I
81_167	New Zealand people of World War II New Zealand lawyers People educated at Te Aute College
81_168	United Party (New Zealand) MPs New Zealand MPs for Māori electorates Māori MLCs Māori MPs
81_169	New Zealand Māori lawyers Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives Apirana Ngāti Porou
81_170	Unsuccessful candidates in the 1946 New Zealand general election
81_171	Unsuccessful candidates in the 1943 New Zealand general election
81_172	New Zealand politicians awarded knighthoods
82_0	John Wanamaker Department Store was one of the first department stores in the United States.
82_1	Founded by John Wanamaker in Philadelphia, it was influential in the development of the retail
82_2	industry including as the first store to use price tags. At its zenith in the early 20th century,
82_3	Wanamaker's also had a store in New York City at Broadway and Ninth Street. Both employed extremely
82_4	large staffs. By the end of the 20th century, there were 16 Wanamaker's outlets, but after years of
82_5	change the chain was bought by Albert Taubman, and added to his previous purchase of Woodward &

81_79

University of New Zealand, with the study of Māori becoming eligible for a degree of Bachelor of

81_80

Arts in 1928.

81_81

Throughout all this, Ngata also remained deeply involved in the affairs of his Ngāti Porou iwi,

81_82

particularly as regards land development. He was instrumental in establishing the land

81_83

incorporation scheme whereby unused Māori land with multiple owners was amalgamated under a farm

81_84

manager—often Pākehā, who developed and ran the farm. In government he was able to arrange for the

81_85

transfer of four blocks of farm land to Te Puea Herangi and her husband. He arranged grants and

81_86

government loans to help her develop farms for Waikato. He fired the Pākehā farm manager and

81_87

replaced him with Te Puea. He arranged a car for her so she could travel around her estates. In

81_88

1934, during the depression, the public, media and parliament became alarmed at the large sums of

81_89

money being gifted to Te Puea and others. A royal commission was held and Ngata was found guilty of

81_90

irregularities in expenditure and negligence in administration, but no major scandals were

81_91

unearthed. His land projects up to 1934 had involved the expenditure of £500,000, most of which was

81_92

recoverable. Ngata resigned in December 1934. Ngata fought for higher living standards for the

81_93

Māori people, and was very active during an economic depression in New Zealand in the Thirties,

81_94

developing large farms which provided jobs and helped to restore the dignity of many Māori.

81_95

Ngata was knighted as a Knight Bachelor in the 1927 King's Birthday Honours, only the third Māori

81_96

(after Carroll and Pomare) to receive this honour.

81_97

Ministerial career

81_98

In the 1928 election, the United Party (a rebranding of the old Liberal Party, to which Ngata

81_99

belonged) won an unexpected victory. Ngata was returned to Cabinet, becoming Minister of Native

81_100

Affairs. He was ranked third within Cabinet, and occasionally served as acting Deputy Prime

81_101

Minister. Ngata remained extremely diligent in his work, and was noted for his tirelessness. Much

81_102

of his ministerial work related to land reforms, and the encouragement of Māori land development.

81_103

Ngata continued to believe in the need to rejuvenate Māori society, and worked strongly towards

81_104

this goal.

81_105

In 1929, Ngata's wife Arihia Ngata and his eldest son Mākarini died of dysentery. After Arihia's

81_106

death, Ngata married Te Rīringi Tūhou in 1932.

81_107

In 1932 Ngata and his Department of Native Affairs came under increasing criticism from other

81_108

politicians. Many believed that Ngata was pressing ahead too fast, and the large amount of activity

81_109

that Ngata ordered had caused organizational difficulties within the department. An inquiry into

81_110

Ngata's department was held, and it was discovered that one of Ngata's subordinates had falsified

81_111

accounts. Ngata himself was severely criticised for disregarding official regulations which he had

81_112

often felt were inhibiting progress. It was also alleged that Ngata had shown favouritism to Ngāti

81_113

Porou and Waikato, especially Te Puea and her husband Rawiri Tumokai Katipa. Bob Semple, a leading

81_114

Labour politician, said the Royal Commission investigation showed one of the worst specimens of

81_115

abuse of political power, maladministration, misappropriation of public funds as well as a betrayal

81_116

of trust. Ngata, while denying any personal wrongdoing, accepted responsibility for the actions of

81_117

his department and was dismissed from his ministerial position.

81_118

Māori leaders, such as Te Puea, were angry at Ngata for discrediting and embarrassing Māori.

81_119

Later life and legacy

81_120

Although Ngata had resigned from Cabinet, he still remained in Parliament. He was awarded the King

81_121

George V Silver Jubilee Medal in 1935. In the 1935 election, the Labour Party was triumphant –

81_122

Ngata went into Opposition, although the new Labour government retained many of his land reform

81_123

programs. Ngata remained in Parliament until the 1943 election, when he was finally defeated by a

81_124

Labour-Rātana candidate, Tiaki Omana. He had been a member of parliament for almost 38 consecutive

81_125

years, breaking the previous record of 32 years set by James Carroll and coming close to Maurice

81_126

O'Rorke overall record of nearly 39 years. Both marks were later surpassed by Rex Mason.

81_127

Ngata stood again for his seat in the 1946 election, but was unsuccessful. He remained involved in

81_128

politics despite leaving Parliament. He gave advice on Māori affairs to both Peter Fraser (a Labour

81_129

Prime Minister) and Ernest Corbett (a National Minister of Māori Affairs), and arranged

81_130

celebrations of the Treaty of Waitangi's centenary in 1940. In the Second World War, he once again

81_131

helped gather Māori recruits. On 22 June 1950, he was appointed to Parliament's upper house, the

81_132

Legislative Council, but was too ill by this time to take his seat.

81_133

In 1948, Ngata's second wife, Lady Te Rīringi, died, and he married Hēne Te Kira not long before

81_134

his own death.

81_135

On 7 May 1948, Ngata received an honorary doctorate in literature (LittD) from the Victoria

81_136

College. At the same ceremony, his youngest son Hēnare graduated with a Bachelor of Arts.

81_137

Ngata died in Waiomatatini on 14 July 1950, following a brief illness, and was buried beside his

81_138

first wife Lady Arihia behind their home 'The Bungalow' in Waiomatatini. He is remembered for his

81_139

great contributions to Māori culture and language. His image appears on New Zealand's $50 banknote.

81_140

Sir Āpirana and Lady Arihia Ngata guided the design of the St. Michael and All Angels' Chapel at

81_141

Hukarere Girls College, and the chapel was consecrated on 1 November 1953.

81_142

Several schools have houses named after him, including Rangiora High School, Tauranga Boys'

81_143

College, Rotorua Intermediate, Cashmere High School, Te Aute College (where Ngata went), Te Puke

81_144

High School, Wainuiomata High School and Otumoetai Intermediate.

81_145

Ngata has inspired all sorts of politicians today, who follow his blend of progressive

81_146

conservatism. As controversial as he was adulated, Ngata's legacy is still very complicated. While

81_147

many have praised him for tireless work to promote the Māori language (especially in a white-based,

81_148

right-wing political environment), others have criticised and even derided him for corruption,

81_149

conservatism and not taking the views of all his iwi into account while making incredibly important

81_150

decisions on his own. He has also given some apparent credence to the views of right-wing

81_151

politicians such as Winston Peters and Don Brash.

81_152

Family legacy

81_153

On 19 October 2009, Āpirana Ngata's last surviving daughter, Mate Huatahi Kaiwai (born Ngata), died

81_154

at her residence at Ruatoria, East Cape, New Zealand, aged 94. She was interred next to her late

81_155

husband Kaura-Ki-Te-Pakanga Kaiwai and her son Tanara Kaiwai at Pukearoha Urupa. In the 2004 New

81_156

Year Honours she had been made a Companion of the Queen's Service Order (QSO) for community

81_157

service.

81_158

Ngata's youngest son, Sir Hēnare Ngata, died on 11 December 2011 aged 93. He was Māori

81_159

vice-president of the National Party from 1967 to 1969 and stood as the National Party candidate

81_160

for Eastern Māori in 1969.

81_161

Ngata's grandson Hōri Mahue Ngata wrote a widely used Māori-English dictionary. Notes References

81_162

External links from the Dictionary of New Zealand Biography

81_163

1874 births 1950 deaths Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand

81_164

Members of the New Zealand Legislative Council New Zealand Liberal Party MPs

81_165

University of Auckland alumni University of Canterbury alumni People from Te Araroa

81_166

New Zealand Knights Bachelor Māori culture Māori language New Zealand people of World War I

81_167

New Zealand people of World War II New Zealand lawyers People educated at Te Aute College

81_168

United Party (New Zealand) MPs New Zealand MPs for Māori electorates Māori MLCs Māori MPs

81_169

New Zealand Māori lawyers Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives Apirana Ngāti Porou

81_170

Unsuccessful candidates in the 1946 New Zealand general election

81_171

Unsuccessful candidates in the 1943 New Zealand general election

81_172

New Zealand politicians awarded knighthoods

82_0

John Wanamaker Department Store was one of the first department stores in the United States.

82_1

Founded by John Wanamaker in Philadelphia, it was influential in the development of the retail

82_2

industry including as the first store to use price tags. At its zenith in the early 20th century,

82_3

Wanamaker's also had a store in New York City at Broadway and Ninth Street. Both employed extremely

82_4

large staffs. By the end of the 20th century, there were 16 Wanamaker's outlets, but after years of

82_5

change the chain was bought by Albert Taubman, and added to his previous purchase of Woodward &