id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
| depth
int64 1
7
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,631 |
['There is good reason to believe that either boron carbide is used as an abrasive and alloy ing agent or many bats feed on nectar and fruit rather than on insects.', 'One may reasonably assume that if boron carbide is used as an abrasive and alloy ing agent, then abortion lowers the risk of compilcations.', 'It is a fact that either eye muscles are specialized to allow acute vision both above and under the water or most green leaves have bitter taste.', 'Assuming eye muscles are specialized to allow acute vision both above and under the water, we know that if many bats feed on nectar and fruit rather than on insects, then abortion lowers the risk of compilcations.', 'Assuming most green leaves have bitter taste, we know that if many bats feed on nectar and fruit rather than on insects, then abortion lowers the risk of compilcations.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either boron carbide is used as an abrasive and alloy ing agent or many bats feed on nectar and fruit rather than on insects. One may reasonably assume that if boron carbide is used as an abrasive and alloy ing agent, then abortion lowers the risk of compilcations. It is a fact that either eye muscles are specialized to allow acute vision both above and under the water or most green leaves have bitter taste. Assuming eye muscles are specialized to allow acute vision both above and under the water, we know that if many bats feed on nectar and fruit rather than on insects, then abortion lowers the risk of compilcations. Assuming most green leaves have bitter taste, we know that if many bats feed on nectar and fruit rather than on insects, then abortion lowers the risk of compilcations.
|
The statement 'abortion lowers the risk of compilcations' can be considered true.
|
Abortion is about trust - trusting women's judgment.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [2], then [0].).
If [4], then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Abortion lowers the risk of compilcations.', 1: 'Boron carbide is used as an abrasive and alloy ing agent.', 2: 'Many bats feed on nectar and fruit rather than on insects.', 3: 'Eye muscles are specialized to allow acute vision both above and under the water.', 4: 'Most green leaves have bitter taste.'}
| 2 |
1,185 |
['Assuming bees are located in countrysides, we know that xenotransplantation is an alternative solution to organ transplants.', 'Provided that bufos have (part) vertebrate feet, we know that bees are located in countrysides.', 'The claim that bufos have (part) vertebrate feet is true.']
|
Assuming bees are located in countrysides, we know that xenotransplantation is an alternative solution to organ transplants. Provided that bufos have (part) vertebrate feet, we know that bees are located in countrysides. The claim that bufos have (part) vertebrate feet is true.
|
The statement that states xenotransplantation is an alternative solution to organ transplants is right.
|
The statement that states xenotransplantation is an alternative solution to organ transplants is right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then [1].
[2]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Xenotransplantation is an alternative solution to organ transplants.', 1: 'Bees are located in countrysides.', 2: 'Bufos have (part) vertebrate feet.'}
| 2 |
1,732 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: young adults avoid excess, or either whistleblowers are employees on trains who warn people to get off the tracks or diabetes can cause blood vessels in the retina to grow abnormally.', 'When either whistleblowers are employees on trains who warn people to get off the tracks or diabetes can cause blood vessels in the retina to grow abnormally is true, it follows that titanium dioxide is the most important pigment used to provide hiding in paint.', 'Provided that some people collect stamps or cars, we know that if young adults avoid excess, then titanium dioxide is the most important pigment used to provide hiding in paint.', 'It is rational to agree that some people collect stamps or cars.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: young adults avoid excess, or either whistleblowers are employees on trains who warn people to get off the tracks or diabetes can cause blood vessels in the retina to grow abnormally. When either whistleblowers are employees on trains who warn people to get off the tracks or diabetes can cause blood vessels in the retina to grow abnormally is true, it follows that titanium dioxide is the most important pigment used to provide hiding in paint. Provided that some people collect stamps or cars, we know that if young adults avoid excess, then titanium dioxide is the most important pigment used to provide hiding in paint. It is rational to agree that some people collect stamps or cars.
|
The statement that states titanium dioxide is the most important pigment used to provide hiding in paint is right.
|
The statement that states titanium dioxide is the most important pigment used to provide hiding in paint is right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
[4]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Titanium dioxide is the most important pigment used to provide hiding in paint.', 1: 'Young adults avoid excess.', 2: 'Whistleblowers are employees on trains who warn people to get off the tracks.', 3: 'Diabetes can cause blood vessels in the retina to grow abnormally.', 4: 'Some people collect stamps or cars.'}
| 2 |
1,404 |
['It is not the case that answers have important consequences.', "Whenever it is true that the statement 'if some people mistakenly believe that bony fish have shape vertebrae, then answers have important consequences' can be considered false, 'chokes disrupt an opponent's circulation or ability to breathe, causing unconsciousness' is true.", "When the statement 'if some people mistakenly believe that bony fish have shape vertebrae, then answers have important consequences' can be considered false is true, it follows that the notion that 'chokes disrupt an opponent's circulation or ability to breathe, causing unconsciousness' is untrue."]
|
It is not the case that answers have important consequences. Whenever it is true that the statement 'if some people mistakenly believe that bony fish have shape vertebrae, then answers have important consequences' can be considered false, 'chokes disrupt an opponent's circulation or ability to breathe, causing unconsciousness' is true. When the statement 'if some people mistakenly believe that bony fish have shape vertebrae, then answers have important consequences' can be considered false is true, it follows that the notion that 'chokes disrupt an opponent's circulation or ability to breathe, causing unconsciousness' is untrue.
|
The claim that bony fish have shape vertebrae is true.
|
The notion that 'bony fish have shape vertebrae' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Bony fish have shape vertebrae.', 1: 'Answers have important consequences.', 2: "Chokes disrupt an opponent's circulation or ability to breathe, causing unconsciousness."}
| 2 |
1,194 |
['Should it be the case that time is a nonmaterial dimension of the universe, it follows that grain has small pores.', 'Provided that either most bluebirds defend territory or eternity is being, we know that grain has small pores.', 'Either either all dogs are mammals or cults represent a force of religious innovation within a culture or creativity is part of the whole person.', 'On the condition that either all dogs are mammals or cults represent a force of religious innovation within a culture, it is definitely the case that either time is a nonmaterial dimension of the universe or either most bluebirds defend territory or eternity is being.', 'If creativity is part of the whole person, then either time is a nonmaterial dimension of the universe or either most bluebirds defend territory or eternity is being.']
|
Should it be the case that time is a nonmaterial dimension of the universe, it follows that grain has small pores. Provided that either most bluebirds defend territory or eternity is being, we know that grain has small pores. Either either all dogs are mammals or cults represent a force of religious innovation within a culture or creativity is part of the whole person. On the condition that either all dogs are mammals or cults represent a force of religious innovation within a culture, it is definitely the case that either time is a nonmaterial dimension of the universe or either most bluebirds defend territory or eternity is being. If creativity is part of the whole person, then either time is a nonmaterial dimension of the universe or either most bluebirds defend territory or eternity is being.
|
It is true that grain has small pores.
|
It is true that grain has small pores.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [4] or [5].) or [6].
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).
If [6], then (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Grain has small pores.', 1: 'Time is a nonmaterial dimension of the universe.', 2: 'Most bluebirds defend territory.', 3: 'Eternity is being.', 4: 'All dogs are mammals.', 5: 'Cults represent a force of religious innovation within a culture.', 6: 'Creativity is part of the whole person.'}
| 2 |
1,564 |
['One may reasonably assume that if either water softeners operate on the ion exchange process or affinity marketing is focused on the desires of consumers that belong to reference groups, then child care is provided for children ages six weeks through four years of age.', 'It is a fact that either either microtubules form part of the mitotic spindle that moves the chromosomes during cell division or some men study lizards or either water softeners operate on the ion exchange process or affinity marketing is focused on the desires of consumers that belong to reference groups.', 'The statement that states either microtubules form part of the mitotic spindle that moves the chromosomes during cell division or some men study lizards is false.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if either water softeners operate on the ion exchange process or affinity marketing is focused on the desires of consumers that belong to reference groups, then child care is provided for children ages six weeks through four years of age. It is a fact that either either microtubules form part of the mitotic spindle that moves the chromosomes during cell division or some men study lizards or either water softeners operate on the ion exchange process or affinity marketing is focused on the desires of consumers that belong to reference groups. The statement that states either microtubules form part of the mitotic spindle that moves the chromosomes during cell division or some men study lizards is false.
|
The idea that child care is provided for children ages six weeks through four years of age is true.
|
Child care is as individual as each of the children in our care.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Child care is provided for children ages six weeks through four years of age.', 1: 'Water softeners operate on the ion exchange process.', 2: 'Affinity marketing is focused on the desires of consumers that belong to reference groups.', 3: 'Microtubules form part of the mitotic spindle that moves the chromosomes during cell division.', 4: 'Some men study lizards.'}
| 2 |
1,401 |
["Whenever it is true that drinks are part of meals, 'if habitat loss causes most extinctions today, then excess nutrients alter the Bay's ecosystem by causing an overgrowth of algae' is true.", "One may reasonably assume that if if some birds never have their cage covered while others have their cage covered at night, then wood is dimensionally stable when the moisture content is above the fiber saturation point, then if habitat loss causes most extinctions today, then excess nutrients alter the Bay's ecosystem by causing an overgrowth of algae.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: some drug treatments the side effects of certain drugs can occasionally cause erectile problems, or more people means more consumption of resources and more generation of pollution.', 'One may reasonably assume that if some drug treatments the side effects of certain drugs can occasionally cause erectile problems, then either drinks are part of meals or if some birds never have their cage covered while others have their cage covered at night, then wood is dimensionally stable when the moisture content is above the fiber saturation point.', 'Should it be the case that more people means more consumption of resources and more generation of pollution, it follows that either drinks are part of meals or if some birds never have their cage covered while others have their cage covered at night, then wood is dimensionally stable when the moisture content is above the fiber saturation point.']
|
Whenever it is true that drinks are part of meals, 'if habitat loss causes most extinctions today, then excess nutrients alter the Bay's ecosystem by causing an overgrowth of algae' is true. One may reasonably assume that if if some birds never have their cage covered while others have their cage covered at night, then wood is dimensionally stable when the moisture content is above the fiber saturation point, then if habitat loss causes most extinctions today, then excess nutrients alter the Bay's ecosystem by causing an overgrowth of algae. We know that at least one of two things is true: some drug treatments the side effects of certain drugs can occasionally cause erectile problems, or more people means more consumption of resources and more generation of pollution. One may reasonably assume that if some drug treatments the side effects of certain drugs can occasionally cause erectile problems, then either drinks are part of meals or if some birds never have their cage covered while others have their cage covered at night, then wood is dimensionally stable when the moisture content is above the fiber saturation point. Should it be the case that more people means more consumption of resources and more generation of pollution, it follows that either drinks are part of meals or if some birds never have their cage covered while others have their cage covered at night, then wood is dimensionally stable when the moisture content is above the fiber saturation point.
|
One may reasonably assume that if habitat loss causes most extinctions today, then excess nutrients alter the Bay's ecosystem by causing an overgrowth of algae.
|
Should it be the case that habitat loss is also a major threat to rhinos, it follows that excess nutrients alter the Bay's ecosystem by causing an overgrowth of algae.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].). [SC1-1]
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).).
If [6], then (Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].)..
|
{0: 'Habitat loss causes most extinctions today.', 1: "Excess nutrients alter the Bay's ecosystem by causing an overgrowth of algae.", 2: 'Drinks are part of meals.', 3: 'Some birds never have their cage covered while others have their cage covered at night.', 4: 'Wood is dimensionally stable when the moisture content is above the fiber saturation point.', 5: 'Some drug treatments the side effects of certain drugs can occasionally cause erectile problems.', 6: 'More people means more consumption of resources and more generation of pollution.'}
| 2 |
1,530 |
["The statement that 'most organisms go through cellular respiration' is incorrect.", 'There is good reason to believe that either if individuals enter countries, then bodies have (part) lymphocytes or some bloodlines are prone to ear, eye and respiratory problems.', 'When if individuals enter countries, then bodies have (part) lymphocytes is true, it follows that either most organisms go through cellular respiration or atopic dermatitis is the most common of the many types of eczema.', "So long as some bloodlines are prone to ear, eye and respiratory problems, 'either most organisms go through cellular respiration or atopic dermatitis is the most common of the many types of eczema' is true."]
|
The statement that 'most organisms go through cellular respiration' is incorrect. There is good reason to believe that either if individuals enter countries, then bodies have (part) lymphocytes or some bloodlines are prone to ear, eye and respiratory problems. When if individuals enter countries, then bodies have (part) lymphocytes is true, it follows that either most organisms go through cellular respiration or atopic dermatitis is the most common of the many types of eczema. So long as some bloodlines are prone to ear, eye and respiratory problems, 'either most organisms go through cellular respiration or atopic dermatitis is the most common of the many types of eczema' is true.
|
The claim that atopic dermatitis is the most common of the many types of eczema holds true.
|
Atopic dermatitis is eczema.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].).
If [4], then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Atopic dermatitis is the most common of the many types of eczema.', 1: 'Most organisms go through cellular respiration.', 2: 'Individuals enter countries.', 3: 'Bodies have (part) lymphocytes.', 4: 'Some bloodlines are prone to ear, eye and respiratory problems.'}
| 2 |
1,656 |
['Should it be the case that the statement, most chalazions are further from the eyelid edge than styes, does not hold, it follows that the claim that either private speech takes place when children talk to themselves or most hearts pump rich blood does not correspond with reality.', 'When the statement, most chalazions are further from the eyelid edge than styes, does not hold is true, it follows that biological evolution demands genetic variability.', 'When biological evolution demands genetic variability is true, it follows that either private speech takes place when children talk to themselves or most hearts pump rich blood.']
|
Should it be the case that the statement, most chalazions are further from the eyelid edge than styes, does not hold, it follows that the claim that either private speech takes place when children talk to themselves or most hearts pump rich blood does not correspond with reality. When the statement, most chalazions are further from the eyelid edge than styes, does not hold is true, it follows that biological evolution demands genetic variability. When biological evolution demands genetic variability is true, it follows that either private speech takes place when children talk to themselves or most hearts pump rich blood.
|
We can assume that most chalazions are further from the eyelid edge than styes.
|
The statement 'most chalazions are further from the eyelid edge than styes' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3].
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Most chalazions are further from the eyelid edge than styes.', 1: 'Private speech takes place when children talk to themselves.', 2: 'Most hearts pump rich blood.', 3: 'Biological evolution demands genetic variability.'}
| 2 |
1,441 |
['It is a fact that either trips cause happens or the claim that apes are primates has no merit.', "So long as trips cause happens, 'if drip refers to drippers, spray to cyclic spraying and tunnel to tunnel ventilation, then butterflies are some of nature's loveliest and most intriguing pollinators' is true.", "Those that suggest if drip refers to drippers, spray to cyclic spraying and tunnel to tunnel ventilation, then butterflies are some of nature's loveliest and most intriguing pollinators are wrong."]
|
It is a fact that either trips cause happens or the claim that apes are primates has no merit. So long as trips cause happens, 'if drip refers to drippers, spray to cyclic spraying and tunnel to tunnel ventilation, then butterflies are some of nature's loveliest and most intriguing pollinators' is true. Those that suggest if drip refers to drippers, spray to cyclic spraying and tunnel to tunnel ventilation, then butterflies are some of nature's loveliest and most intriguing pollinators are wrong.
|
The claim that apes are primates has no merit.
|
The claim that apes are primates has no merit.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Apes are primates.', 1: 'Trips cause happens.', 2: 'Drip refers to drippers, spray to cyclic spraying and tunnel to tunnel ventilation.', 3: "Butterflies are some of nature's loveliest and most intriguing pollinators."}
| 2 |
1,132 |
['The statement that states ice shelves are ice masses that are floating on water but anchored to a land-based sheet of ice is false.', 'On the condition that either a vegetarian is a feeder or celebrity is a determinant, hybrid tomato variety, it is definitely the case that either ice shelves are ice masses that are floating on water but anchored to a land-based sheet of ice or obesity increases estrogen levels in women and can cause early menarche in young girls.', 'It is a fact that either a vegetarian is a feeder or celebrity is a determinant, hybrid tomato variety.']
|
The statement that states ice shelves are ice masses that are floating on water but anchored to a land-based sheet of ice is false. On the condition that either a vegetarian is a feeder or celebrity is a determinant, hybrid tomato variety, it is definitely the case that either ice shelves are ice masses that are floating on water but anchored to a land-based sheet of ice or obesity increases estrogen levels in women and can cause early menarche in young girls. It is a fact that either a vegetarian is a feeder or celebrity is a determinant, hybrid tomato variety.
|
obesity increases estrogen levels in women and can cause early menarche in young girls.
|
We know that the claim that obesity increases estrogen levels in women and can cause early menarche in young girls is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].).
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Obesity increases estrogen levels in women and can cause early menarche in young girls.', 1: 'Ice shelves are ice masses that are floating on water but anchored to a land-based sheet of ice.', 2: 'A vegetarian is a feeder.', 3: 'Celebrity is a determinant, hybrid tomato variety.'}
| 2 |
1,233 |
['Given that either tremolite is a mineral that forms in the presence of water or population density affects growth, it can be inferred that the claim that some rodents eat bait is false.', 'One may reasonably assume that if counseling is a resource that many people utilize when they want help getting unstuck, then the claim that some rodents eat bait is false.', 'It is rational to believe that either some creatures have wrinkles or static deformation is the permanent displacement of the ground due to the event.', 'Once we know some creatures have wrinkles, we also know that either either tremolite is a mineral that forms in the presence of water or population density affects growth or counseling is a resource that many people utilize when they want help getting unstuck.', 'Given that static deformation is the permanent displacement of the ground due to the event, it can be inferred that either either tremolite is a mineral that forms in the presence of water or population density affects growth or counseling is a resource that many people utilize when they want help getting unstuck.']
|
Given that either tremolite is a mineral that forms in the presence of water or population density affects growth, it can be inferred that the claim that some rodents eat bait is false. One may reasonably assume that if counseling is a resource that many people utilize when they want help getting unstuck, then the claim that some rodents eat bait is false. It is rational to believe that either some creatures have wrinkles or static deformation is the permanent displacement of the ground due to the event. Once we know some creatures have wrinkles, we also know that either either tremolite is a mineral that forms in the presence of water or population density affects growth or counseling is a resource that many people utilize when they want help getting unstuck. Given that static deformation is the permanent displacement of the ground due to the event, it can be inferred that either either tremolite is a mineral that forms in the presence of water or population density affects growth or counseling is a resource that many people utilize when they want help getting unstuck.
|
The claim that some rodents eat bait is false.
|
It is rational to agree that some rodents eat bait.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [3], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].).
If [5], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].).
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3]..
|
{0: 'Some rodents eat bait.', 1: 'Tremolite is a mineral that forms in the presence of water.', 2: 'Population density affects growth.', 3: 'Counseling is a resource that many people utilize when they want help getting unstuck.', 4: 'Some creatures have wrinkles.', 5: 'Static deformation is the permanent displacement of the ground due to the event.'}
| 2 |
1,173 |
['If buildable land is land still available for development, then either honey is a natural antibiotic or sporotrichosises are fungal infection.', 'Either permeability isa property or employment agencies have a major role to play in the workplace.', 'When permeability isa property is true, it follows that it is not true that either honey is a natural antibiotic or sporotrichosises are fungal infection.', "Whenever it is true that employment agencies have a major role to play in the workplace, 'it is not true that either honey is a natural antibiotic or sporotrichosises are fungal infection' is true."]
|
If buildable land is land still available for development, then either honey is a natural antibiotic or sporotrichosises are fungal infection. Either permeability isa property or employment agencies have a major role to play in the workplace. When permeability isa property is true, it follows that it is not true that either honey is a natural antibiotic or sporotrichosises are fungal infection. Whenever it is true that employment agencies have a major role to play in the workplace, 'it is not true that either honey is a natural antibiotic or sporotrichosises are fungal infection' is true.
|
It is not true that buildable land is land still available for development.
|
The claim that temptation is the devil's principal weapon for destroying people does not reflect reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
If [4], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Buildable land is land still available for development.', 1: 'Honey is a natural antibiotic.', 2: 'Sporotrichosises are fungal infection.', 3: 'Permeability isa property.', 4: 'Employment agencies have a major role to play in the workplace.'}
| 2 |
1,428 |
['If we know that the claim that cats also suffer from gingivitis with the development and consequences similar to that of dogs is false, then human mind is open to spiritualization.', 'It is rational to believe that either newborn babies are extremely vulnerable to unsanitary conditions or if we know that the claim that cats also suffer from gingivitis with the development and consequences similar to that of dogs is false, then the claim that human mind is open to spiritualization does not correspond with reality.', 'It is not true that newborn babies are extremely vulnerable to unsanitary conditions.']
|
If we know that the claim that cats also suffer from gingivitis with the development and consequences similar to that of dogs is false, then human mind is open to spiritualization. It is rational to believe that either newborn babies are extremely vulnerable to unsanitary conditions or if we know that the claim that cats also suffer from gingivitis with the development and consequences similar to that of dogs is false, then the claim that human mind is open to spiritualization does not correspond with reality. It is not true that newborn babies are extremely vulnerable to unsanitary conditions.
|
The statement that states cats also suffer from gingivitis with the development and consequences similar to that of dogs is right.
|
The statement that states cats also suffer from gingivitis with the development and consequences similar to that of dogs is right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Cats also suffer from gingivitis with the development and consequences similar to that of dogs.', 1: 'Human mind is open to spiritualization.', 2: 'Newborn babies are extremely vulnerable to unsanitary conditions.'}
| 2 |
1,567 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: if spherical geometry is shown using stereographic projection to the plane, then light is light, darkness is darkness, or some state laws prohibit the moving of house plants.', 'When if spherical geometry is shown using stereographic projection to the plane, then light is light, darkness is darkness is true, it follows that we know that the claim that arctic carnivores survive warm periods is false.', 'Either cartwheels are an acrobatic exercise commonly found in gymnastics or if some state laws prohibit the moving of house plants, then we know that the claim that arctic carnivores survive warm periods is false.', 'Those that suggest cartwheels are an acrobatic exercise commonly found in gymnastics are wrong.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: if spherical geometry is shown using stereographic projection to the plane, then light is light, darkness is darkness, or some state laws prohibit the moving of house plants. When if spherical geometry is shown using stereographic projection to the plane, then light is light, darkness is darkness is true, it follows that we know that the claim that arctic carnivores survive warm periods is false. Either cartwheels are an acrobatic exercise commonly found in gymnastics or if some state laws prohibit the moving of house plants, then we know that the claim that arctic carnivores survive warm periods is false. Those that suggest cartwheels are an acrobatic exercise commonly found in gymnastics are wrong.
|
We know that the claim that arctic carnivores survive warm periods is false.
|
The statement 'most arctic carnivores survive periods' can be considered false.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [3], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [3], then (Not [0].).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Arctic carnivores survive warm periods.', 1: 'Spherical geometry is shown using stereographic projection to the plane.', 2: 'Light is light, darkness is darkness.', 3: 'Some state laws prohibit the moving of house plants.', 4: 'Cartwheels are an acrobatic exercise commonly found in gymnastics.'}
| 2 |
1,967 |
['When if doses are medicine, then morning is when it suns itself, warming up before heading off to work in the garden is true, it follows that older children have physical findings similar to adults.', "So long as calves nurse for months, 'older children have physical findings similar to adults' is true.", 'If some poisonous predators feed on terrestrial arthropods, then either if doses are medicine, then morning is when it suns itself, warming up before heading off to work in the garden or calves nurse for months.', 'Those that suggest some poisonous predators feed on terrestrial arthropods are right.']
|
When if doses are medicine, then morning is when it suns itself, warming up before heading off to work in the garden is true, it follows that older children have physical findings similar to adults. So long as calves nurse for months, 'older children have physical findings similar to adults' is true. If some poisonous predators feed on terrestrial arthropods, then either if doses are medicine, then morning is when it suns itself, warming up before heading off to work in the garden or calves nurse for months. Those that suggest some poisonous predators feed on terrestrial arthropods are right.
|
It is rational to agree that older children have physical findings similar to adults.
|
It is rational to agree that older children have physical findings similar to adults.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3]. [SC1-1]
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].).
[4]
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3]..
|
{0: 'Older children have physical findings similar to adults.', 1: 'Doses are medicine.', 2: 'Morning is when it suns itself, warming up before heading off to work in the garden.', 3: 'Calves nurse for months.', 4: 'Some poisonous predators feed on terrestrial arthropods.'}
| 2 |
1,758 |
["The statement 'many women do find that urge incontinence occurs if they are very stressed' can be considered false.", 'Either fever usually indicates an infectious process going on in the body or if the claim that china is the birth place of the dragon and Chinese people is the offspring of dragon is false, then many women do find that urge incontinence occurs if they are very stressed.', 'It is a common misconception that fever usually indicates an infectious process going on in the body.']
|
The statement 'many women do find that urge incontinence occurs if they are very stressed' can be considered false. Either fever usually indicates an infectious process going on in the body or if the claim that china is the birth place of the dragon and Chinese people is the offspring of dragon is false, then many women do find that urge incontinence occurs if they are very stressed. It is a common misconception that fever usually indicates an infectious process going on in the body.
|
It is a simple truth that china is the birth place of the dragon and Chinese people is the offspring of dragon.
|
China is a country ruled by law.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'China is the birth place of the dragon and Chinese people is the offspring of dragon.', 1: 'Many women do find that urge incontinence occurs if they are very stressed.', 2: 'Fever usually indicates an infectious process going on in the body.'}
| 2 |
1,626 |
['Provided that the statement, air drying and floral pressing are age-old arts dating back to before Egyptian times, does not hold, we know that vegetable gardening is a great way to grow vegetables.', "Once we know those that suggest if the statement, air drying and floral pressing are age-old arts dating back to before Egyptian times, does not hold, then the statement that 'vegetable gardening is a great way to grow vegetables' is incorrect are wrong, we also know that insects are the largest group of invertebrate animals.", "So long as those that suggest if the statement, air drying and floral pressing are age-old arts dating back to before Egyptian times, does not hold, then the statement that 'vegetable gardening is a great way to grow vegetables' is incorrect are wrong, 'it is not the case that insects are the largest group of invertebrate animals' is true."]
|
Provided that the statement, air drying and floral pressing are age-old arts dating back to before Egyptian times, does not hold, we know that vegetable gardening is a great way to grow vegetables. Once we know those that suggest if the statement, air drying and floral pressing are age-old arts dating back to before Egyptian times, does not hold, then the statement that 'vegetable gardening is a great way to grow vegetables' is incorrect are wrong, we also know that insects are the largest group of invertebrate animals. So long as those that suggest if the statement, air drying and floral pressing are age-old arts dating back to before Egyptian times, does not hold, then the statement that 'vegetable gardening is a great way to grow vegetables' is incorrect are wrong, 'it is not the case that insects are the largest group of invertebrate animals' is true.
|
The statement 'air drying and floral pressing are age-old arts dating back to before Egyptian times' is true.
|
The statement 'air drying and floral pressing are age-old arts dating back to before Egyptian times' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Air drying and floral pressing are age-old arts dating back to before Egyptian times.', 1: 'Vegetable gardening is a great way to grow vegetables.', 2: 'Insects are the largest group of invertebrate animals.'}
| 2 |
1,096 |
["So long as infected plants wilt and die very quickly, 'democracy needs an enlightened citizenry if it is to function as a free society' is true.", 'Given that pap smears can also detect herpes, human papilloma virus infections, and cervical dysplasia, it can be inferred that if infected plants wilt and die very quickly, then it is not true that democracy needs an enlightened citizenry if it is to function as a free society.', "The statement 'pap smears can also detect herpes, human papilloma virus infections, and cervical dysplasia' is true."]
|
So long as infected plants wilt and die very quickly, 'democracy needs an enlightened citizenry if it is to function as a free society' is true. Given that pap smears can also detect herpes, human papilloma virus infections, and cervical dysplasia, it can be inferred that if infected plants wilt and die very quickly, then it is not true that democracy needs an enlightened citizenry if it is to function as a free society. The statement 'pap smears can also detect herpes, human papilloma virus infections, and cervical dysplasia' is true.
|
The statement that states infected plants wilt and die very quickly is false.
|
The statement that states infected plants wilt and die very quickly is false.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Infected plants wilt and die very quickly.', 1: 'Democracy needs an enlightened citizenry if it is to function as a free society.', 2: 'Pap smears can also detect herpes, human papilloma virus infections, and cervical dysplasia.'}
| 2 |
1,781 |
['The claim that earwigs have (part) quill feathers does not correspond with reality.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: either ruminants are quadrupeds or every object is made up of matter, or either earwigs have (part) quill feathers or those that suggest handles are located in car doors are wrong.', "The notion that 'either ruminants are quadrupeds or every object is made up of matter' is untrue."]
|
The claim that earwigs have (part) quill feathers does not correspond with reality. We know that at least one of two things is true: either ruminants are quadrupeds or every object is made up of matter, or either earwigs have (part) quill feathers or those that suggest handles are located in car doors are wrong. The notion that 'either ruminants are quadrupeds or every object is made up of matter' is untrue.
|
Those that suggest handles are located in car doors are wrong.
|
The claim that handles are located in car doors is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Handles are located in car doors.', 1: 'Earwigs have (part) quill feathers.', 2: 'Ruminants are quadrupeds.', 3: 'Every object is made up of matter.'}
| 2 |
1,499 |
['The claim that starlings also eat livestock rations and food found in garbage during the winter does not correspond with reality.', "So long as football is a game of repetition, 'either starlings also eat livestock rations and food found in garbage during the winter or a zalcitabine is an antiviral drug' is true.", 'We can assume that football is a game of repetition.']
|
The claim that starlings also eat livestock rations and food found in garbage during the winter does not correspond with reality. So long as football is a game of repetition, 'either starlings also eat livestock rations and food found in garbage during the winter or a zalcitabine is an antiviral drug' is true. We can assume that football is a game of repetition.
|
Many people rightly believe that a zalcitabine is an antiviral drug.
|
The claim that a zalcitabine is an antiviral drug is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'A zalcitabine is an antiviral drug.', 1: 'Starlings also eat livestock rations and food found in garbage during the winter.', 2: 'Football is a game of repetition.'}
| 2 |
1,074 |
['One may reasonably assume that if if underarm deodorants can cause cancer, then most tulip trees require basic maintenance, then most cushions reduce friction.', "So long as mantises have (part) shells, 'rats have (part) skulls' is true.", 'If the claim that either if underarm deodorants can cause cancer, then most tulip trees require basic maintenance or mantises have (part) shells is false, then complementary medicine is used in addition to conventional treatments.', 'The statement, complementary medicine is used in addition to conventional treatments, does not hold.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if if underarm deodorants can cause cancer, then most tulip trees require basic maintenance, then most cushions reduce friction. So long as mantises have (part) shells, 'rats have (part) skulls' is true. If the claim that either if underarm deodorants can cause cancer, then most tulip trees require basic maintenance or mantises have (part) shells is false, then complementary medicine is used in addition to conventional treatments. The statement, complementary medicine is used in addition to conventional treatments, does not hold.
|
We know that either most cushions reduce friction or rats have (part) skulls.
|
We know that either most cushions reduce friction or rats have (part) skulls.
|
TRUE
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]. [SC1-1]
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]..
|
{0: 'Most cushions reduce friction.', 1: 'Rats have (part) skulls.', 2: 'Underarm deodorants can cause cancer.', 3: 'Most tulip trees require basic maintenance.', 4: 'Mantises have (part) shells.', 5: 'Complementary medicine is used in addition to conventional treatments.'}
| 2 |
1,089 |
["Whenever it is true that if fatigue is also a common symptom of depression, then coots have (part) nuclei, 'the statement 'dogs have different requirements, depending on size, personality, etc' can be considered false' is true.", 'If most turtles follow ocean current, then if if fatigue is also a common symptom of depression, then coots have (part) nuclei, then dogs have different requirements, depending on size, personality, etc.', 'It is rational to agree that most turtles follow ocean current.']
|
Whenever it is true that if fatigue is also a common symptom of depression, then coots have (part) nuclei, 'the statement 'dogs have different requirements, depending on size, personality, etc' can be considered false' is true. If most turtles follow ocean current, then if if fatigue is also a common symptom of depression, then coots have (part) nuclei, then dogs have different requirements, depending on size, personality, etc. It is rational to agree that most turtles follow ocean current.
|
The claim that if fatigue is also a common symptom of depression, then coots have (part) nuclei is false.
|
The claim that if fatigue is also a common symptom of depression, then coots have (part) nuclei is false.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).
[3]
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Fatigue is also a common symptom of depression.', 1: 'Coots have (part) nuclei.', 2: 'Dogs have different requirements, depending on size, personality, etc.', 3: 'Most turtles follow ocean current.'}
| 2 |
1,609 |
['Assuming it is not the case that either skulls are the most common gorgon fossil discovery or most arctic foxes have heat insulation, we know that mites are most frequently ectoparasites of the skin, mucous membranes and feathers.', 'Provided that it is not the case that either skulls are the most common gorgon fossil discovery or most arctic foxes have heat insulation, we know that different species are organisms that look different.', 'If different species are organisms that look different, then it is not the case that mites are most frequently ectoparasites of the skin, mucous membranes and feathers.']
|
Assuming it is not the case that either skulls are the most common gorgon fossil discovery or most arctic foxes have heat insulation, we know that mites are most frequently ectoparasites of the skin, mucous membranes and feathers. Provided that it is not the case that either skulls are the most common gorgon fossil discovery or most arctic foxes have heat insulation, we know that different species are organisms that look different. If different species are organisms that look different, then it is not the case that mites are most frequently ectoparasites of the skin, mucous membranes and feathers.
|
It is rational to believe that either skulls are the most common gorgon fossil discovery or most arctic foxes have heat insulation.
|
The claim that either skulls are the most common gorgon fossil discovery or most arctic foxes have heat insulation is false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [3].
If [3], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Skulls are the most common gorgon fossil discovery.', 1: 'Most arctic foxes have heat insulation.', 2: 'Mites are most frequently ectoparasites of the skin, mucous membranes and feathers.', 3: 'Different species are organisms that look different.'}
| 2 |
1,000 |
['The claim that rhinos face problems does not correspond with reality.', 'If those that suggest if a sash is a band, then rhinos face problems are wrong, then resting cause relaxation.', "If those that suggest if a sash is a band, then rhinos face problems are wrong, then the notion that 'resting cause relaxation' is untrue."]
|
The claim that rhinos face problems does not correspond with reality. If those that suggest if a sash is a band, then rhinos face problems are wrong, then resting cause relaxation. If those that suggest if a sash is a band, then rhinos face problems are wrong, then the notion that 'resting cause relaxation' is untrue.
|
Those that suggest a sash is a band are wrong.
|
It is the case that a sash is a band.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'A sash is a band.', 1: 'Rhinos face problems.', 2: 'Resting cause relaxation.'}
| 2 |
1,392 |
["The claim that either culture is the accumulation of a nation's experience or tobacco smoke damages a child's overall health is false.", "It is rational to believe that either either primary growth refers to a. b. c. d. the germination of a seedling or fever is a helpful response to infection or unrelenting harassment can consume one's life.", "Assuming either primary growth refers to a. b. c. d. the germination of a seedling or fever is a helpful response to infection, we know that either culture is the accumulation of a nation's experience or tobacco smoke damages a child's overall health.", "Should it be the case that unrelenting harassment can consume one's life, it follows that some women are single with no children pursuing educational or career goals."]
|
The claim that either culture is the accumulation of a nation's experience or tobacco smoke damages a child's overall health is false. It is rational to believe that either either primary growth refers to a. b. c. d. the germination of a seedling or fever is a helpful response to infection or unrelenting harassment can consume one's life. Assuming either primary growth refers to a. b. c. d. the germination of a seedling or fever is a helpful response to infection, we know that either culture is the accumulation of a nation's experience or tobacco smoke damages a child's overall health. Should it be the case that unrelenting harassment can consume one's life, it follows that some women are single with no children pursuing educational or career goals.
|
We can assume that some women are single with no children pursuing educational or career goals.
|
It is not true that some women are single with no children pursuing educational or career goals.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [5], then [0].
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]..
|
{0: 'Some women are single with no children pursuing educational or career goals.', 1: "Culture is the accumulation of a nation's experience.", 2: "Tobacco smoke damages a child's overall health.", 3: 'Primary growth refers to a. b. c. d. the germination of a seedling.', 4: 'Fever is a helpful response to infection.', 5: "Unrelenting harassment can consume one's life."}
| 2 |
1,476 |
['It is a simple truth that ocular involvement can be the only sign of illness.', 'One may reasonably assume that if ocular involvement can be the only sign of illness, then shoes are located in desks.', 'Assuming shoes are located in desks, we know that sea birds drink water.']
|
It is a simple truth that ocular involvement can be the only sign of illness. One may reasonably assume that if ocular involvement can be the only sign of illness, then shoes are located in desks. Assuming shoes are located in desks, we know that sea birds drink water.
|
It is a simple truth that sea birds drink water.
|
Sea birds have salt glands too.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Sea birds drink water.', 1: 'Ocular involvement can be the only sign of illness.', 2: 'Shoes are located in desks.'}
| 2 |
1,799 |
['The statement, most snakes steal food, does not hold.', 'If it is not true that if weight training produces faster results and helps prepare the body to participate in sports, then fungi develop spores, then some thoraxes are part of wasps.', 'Once we know some thoraxes are part of wasps, we also know that most snakes steal food.']
|
The statement, most snakes steal food, does not hold. If it is not true that if weight training produces faster results and helps prepare the body to participate in sports, then fungi develop spores, then some thoraxes are part of wasps. Once we know some thoraxes are part of wasps, we also know that most snakes steal food.
|
Once we know weight training produces faster results and helps prepare the body to participate in sports, we also know that fungi develop spores.
|
Assuming weight training is the current term for the use of bar bells, we know that fungi develop spores.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [3].
If [3], then [2].
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Weight training produces faster results and helps prepare the body to participate in sports.', 1: 'Fungi develop spores.', 2: 'Most snakes steal food.', 3: 'Some thoraxes are part of wasps.'}
| 2 |
1,519 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that acetylene can also add to itself or to aldehydes and ketones.', "Whenever it is true that the statement that states either acetylene can also add to itself or to aldehydes and ketones or geologists study chemistry and physics as an essential part of their education is false, 'dentists have (part) legs' is true.", "Given that the statement that states either acetylene can also add to itself or to aldehydes and ketones or geologists study chemistry and physics as an essential part of their education is false, it can be inferred that the statement that 'dentists have (part) legs' is incorrect."]
|
Some people mistakenly believe that acetylene can also add to itself or to aldehydes and ketones. Whenever it is true that the statement that states either acetylene can also add to itself or to aldehydes and ketones or geologists study chemistry and physics as an essential part of their education is false, 'dentists have (part) legs' is true. Given that the statement that states either acetylene can also add to itself or to aldehydes and ketones or geologists study chemistry and physics as an essential part of their education is false, it can be inferred that the statement that 'dentists have (part) legs' is incorrect.
|
It is a simple truth that geologists study chemistry and physics as an essential part of their education.
|
It is a common misconception that geologists study chemistry and physics as an essential part of their education.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Geologists study chemistry and physics as an essential part of their education.', 1: 'Acetylene can also add to itself or to aldehydes and ketones.', 2: 'Dentists have (part) legs.'}
| 2 |
1,107 |
['There is good reason to believe that either either beaver fur consists of short fine hairs for warmth and longer hairs for waterproofing or some compounds help byproduct or coprolalia is basically compulsive swearing.', 'Given that coprolalia is basically compulsive swearing, it can be inferred that bumblebees have two antennae in the middle of the head between their eyes.', 'On the condition that either beaver fur consists of short fine hairs for warmth and longer hairs for waterproofing or some compounds help byproduct, it is definitely the case that most cuttlefishs see light.', 'Provided that most cuttlefishs see light, we know that bumblebees have two antennae in the middle of the head between their eyes.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either either beaver fur consists of short fine hairs for warmth and longer hairs for waterproofing or some compounds help byproduct or coprolalia is basically compulsive swearing. Given that coprolalia is basically compulsive swearing, it can be inferred that bumblebees have two antennae in the middle of the head between their eyes. On the condition that either beaver fur consists of short fine hairs for warmth and longer hairs for waterproofing or some compounds help byproduct, it is definitely the case that most cuttlefishs see light. Provided that most cuttlefishs see light, we know that bumblebees have two antennae in the middle of the head between their eyes.
|
The statement that states bumblebees have two antennae in the middle of the head between their eyes is right.
|
The statement that states bumblebees have two antennae in the middle of the head between their eyes is right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [4].
If [4], then [0].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Bumblebees have two antennae in the middle of the head between their eyes.', 1: 'Beaver fur consists of short fine hairs for warmth and longer hairs for waterproofing.', 2: 'Some compounds help byproduct.', 3: 'Coprolalia is basically compulsive swearing.', 4: 'Most cuttlefishs see light.'}
| 2 |
1,708 |
['At least one of two things is true: salmon have (part) rib cages, or antibodies are protein molecules.', "There is good reason to believe that either some caterpillars are bright colors, saying that they are poisenous or the statement that 'salmon have (part) rib cages' is incorrect.", 'The claim that some caterpillars are bright colors, saying that they are poisenous does not correspond with reality.']
|
At least one of two things is true: salmon have (part) rib cages, or antibodies are protein molecules. There is good reason to believe that either some caterpillars are bright colors, saying that they are poisenous or the statement that 'salmon have (part) rib cages' is incorrect. The claim that some caterpillars are bright colors, saying that they are poisenous does not correspond with reality.
|
It is reasonable to believe that antibodies are protein molecules.
|
It is not the case that antibodies are protein molecules.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Antibodies are protein molecules.', 1: 'Salmon have (part) rib cages.', 2: 'Some caterpillars are bright colors, saying that they are poisenous.'}
| 2 |
1,634 |
['It is rational to believe that either if asexual reproduction is the production of offspring from a single parent using mitosis, then baptism is about water, and water is about all sorts of things or most sloths eat fruit.', 'There is good reason to believe that either eurasia has (part) Kazakhstan or some people mistakenly believe that if asexual reproduction is the production of offspring from a single parent using mitosis, then baptism is about water, and water is about all sorts of things.', 'The statement that states eurasia has (part) Kazakhstan is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either if asexual reproduction is the production of offspring from a single parent using mitosis, then baptism is about water, and water is about all sorts of things or most sloths eat fruit. There is good reason to believe that either eurasia has (part) Kazakhstan or some people mistakenly believe that if asexual reproduction is the production of offspring from a single parent using mitosis, then baptism is about water, and water is about all sorts of things. The statement that states eurasia has (part) Kazakhstan is false.
|
The statement 'most sloths eat fruit' can be considered true.
|
The notion that 'most sloths eat fruit' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Not [3].
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Most sloths eat fruit.', 1: 'Asexual reproduction is the production of offspring from a single parent using mitosis.', 2: 'Baptism is about water, and water is about all sorts of things.', 3: 'Eurasia has (part) Kazakhstan.'}
| 2 |
1,223 |
["We know that at least one of two things is true: brotherhood evokes awareness of cosmic consciousness and the journey of the soul, or the notion that 'most meadowlarks have breasts' is untrue.", "On the condition that atomic electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of matter, it is definitely the case that the statement 'brotherhood evokes awareness of cosmic consciousness and the journey of the soul' can be considered false.", "The statement 'atomic electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of matter' can be considered true."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: brotherhood evokes awareness of cosmic consciousness and the journey of the soul, or the notion that 'most meadowlarks have breasts' is untrue. On the condition that atomic electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of matter, it is definitely the case that the statement 'brotherhood evokes awareness of cosmic consciousness and the journey of the soul' can be considered false. The statement 'atomic electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of matter' can be considered true.
|
The notion that 'most meadowlarks have breasts' is untrue.
|
The claim that meadowlarks have (part) flight feathers does not reflect reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most meadowlarks have breasts.', 1: 'Brotherhood evokes awareness of cosmic consciousness and the journey of the soul.', 2: 'Atomic electrons are responsible for the chemical properties of matter.'}
| 2 |
1,327 |
["So long as the claim that if land mines are a barbaric legacy of wars, then time of day can plays an important part in solving where the fish are does not reflect reality, 'constant acceleration is completely equivalent to a uniform gravitational field' is true.", 'If the claim that if land mines are a barbaric legacy of wars, then time of day can plays an important part in solving where the fish are does not reflect reality, then most war leads to poverty.', 'One may reasonably assume that if most war leads to poverty, then the claim that constant acceleration is completely equivalent to a uniform gravitational field is false.']
|
So long as the claim that if land mines are a barbaric legacy of wars, then time of day can plays an important part in solving where the fish are does not reflect reality, 'constant acceleration is completely equivalent to a uniform gravitational field' is true. If the claim that if land mines are a barbaric legacy of wars, then time of day can plays an important part in solving where the fish are does not reflect reality, then most war leads to poverty. One may reasonably assume that if most war leads to poverty, then the claim that constant acceleration is completely equivalent to a uniform gravitational field is false.
|
Provided that land mines are a barbaric legacy of wars, we know that time of day can plays an important part in solving where the fish are
|
It is a common misconception that if land mines are a barbaric legacy of wars, then time of day can plays an important part in solving where the fish are.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [3].
If [3], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Land mines are a barbaric legacy of wars.', 1: 'Time of day can plays an important part in solving where the fish are.', 2: 'Constant acceleration is completely equivalent to a uniform gravitational field.', 3: 'Most war leads to poverty.'}
| 2 |
1,102 |
['Assuming the claim that either some liquids retain temperature or graduates employ in occupations has no merit, we know that nits are often the first sign of a head lice infestation.', 'On the condition that we know that the claim that if the claim that either some liquids retain temperature or graduates employ in occupations has no merit, then it is a common misconception that nits are often the first sign of a head lice infestation is false, it is definitely the case that flowers usually have carpels , petals , sepals , and stamens.', "Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that if the claim that either some liquids retain temperature or graduates employ in occupations has no merit, then it is a common misconception that nits are often the first sign of a head lice infestation is false, 'it is not true that flowers usually have carpels , petals , sepals , and stamens' is true."]
|
Assuming the claim that either some liquids retain temperature or graduates employ in occupations has no merit, we know that nits are often the first sign of a head lice infestation. On the condition that we know that the claim that if the claim that either some liquids retain temperature or graduates employ in occupations has no merit, then it is a common misconception that nits are often the first sign of a head lice infestation is false, it is definitely the case that flowers usually have carpels , petals , sepals , and stamens. Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that if the claim that either some liquids retain temperature or graduates employ in occupations has no merit, then it is a common misconception that nits are often the first sign of a head lice infestation is false, 'it is not true that flowers usually have carpels , petals , sepals , and stamens' is true.
|
Either some liquids retain temperature or graduates employ in occupations.
|
The notion that 'either some liquids retain temperature or graduates employ in occupations' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Some liquids retain temperature.', 1: 'Graduates employ in occupations.', 2: 'Nits are often the first sign of a head lice infestation.', 3: 'Flowers usually have carpels , petals , sepals , and stamens.'}
| 2 |
1,704 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: most water helps toxins, or radium is present in low concentrations in most soils and rocks.', 'One may reasonably assume that if most water helps toxins, then either some dinghies are rowboats or pathogen causes problems.', 'It is not the case that either some dinghies are rowboats or pathogen causes problems.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: most water helps toxins, or radium is present in low concentrations in most soils and rocks. One may reasonably assume that if most water helps toxins, then either some dinghies are rowboats or pathogen causes problems. It is not the case that either some dinghies are rowboats or pathogen causes problems.
|
The statement that states radium is present in low concentrations in most soils and rocks is right.
|
The statement that states radium is present in low concentrations in most soils and rocks is right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Radium is present in low concentrations in most soils and rocks.', 1: 'Most water helps toxins.', 2: 'Some dinghies are rowboats.', 3: 'Pathogen causes problems.'}
| 2 |
1,475 |
['At least one of two things is true: most animals are located in hills, or milkweed is the exclusive diet of monarch larvae.', 'Once we know most animals are located in hills, we also know that anger is a natural human emotion.', 'Either valence electrons are all that are needed to describe bonding or if good angels are capable of patience, joy, compassion, curiosity, and sometimes anger, then bugs are one of the ways of speech.', 'On the condition that valence electrons are all that are needed to describe bonding, it is definitely the case that if milkweed is the exclusive diet of monarch larvae, then anger is a natural human emotion.', 'Should it be the case that if good angels are capable of patience, joy, compassion, curiosity, and sometimes anger, then bugs are one of the ways of speech, it follows that if milkweed is the exclusive diet of monarch larvae, then anger is a natural human emotion.']
|
At least one of two things is true: most animals are located in hills, or milkweed is the exclusive diet of monarch larvae. Once we know most animals are located in hills, we also know that anger is a natural human emotion. Either valence electrons are all that are needed to describe bonding or if good angels are capable of patience, joy, compassion, curiosity, and sometimes anger, then bugs are one of the ways of speech. On the condition that valence electrons are all that are needed to describe bonding, it is definitely the case that if milkweed is the exclusive diet of monarch larvae, then anger is a natural human emotion. Should it be the case that if good angels are capable of patience, joy, compassion, curiosity, and sometimes anger, then bugs are one of the ways of speech, it follows that if milkweed is the exclusive diet of monarch larvae, then anger is a natural human emotion.
|
It is rational to agree that anger is a natural human emotion.
|
Anger is a natural emotion.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (If [2], then [0].).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Anger is a natural human emotion.', 1: 'Most animals are located in hills.', 2: 'Milkweed is the exclusive diet of monarch larvae.', 3: 'Valence electrons are all that are needed to describe bonding.', 4: 'Good angels are capable of patience, joy, compassion, curiosity, and sometimes anger.', 5: 'Bugs are one of the ways of speech.'}
| 2 |
1,213 |
['Provided that if draws are poker, then ecological processes are dynamic and generally predictable, we know that either wind power produces minimal amounts of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas or h eat destroys the activity of many vitamins and enzymes.', "Whenever it is true that either wind power produces minimal amounts of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas or h eat destroys the activity of many vitamins and enzymes, 'medical science permits man to live, and reproduce, to a great age' is true.", 'It is a common misconception that medical science permits man to live, and reproduce, to a great age.']
|
Provided that if draws are poker, then ecological processes are dynamic and generally predictable, we know that either wind power produces minimal amounts of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas or h eat destroys the activity of many vitamins and enzymes. Whenever it is true that either wind power produces minimal amounts of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas or h eat destroys the activity of many vitamins and enzymes, 'medical science permits man to live, and reproduce, to a great age' is true. It is a common misconception that medical science permits man to live, and reproduce, to a great age.
|
It is not the case that if draws are poker, then ecological processes are dynamic and generally predictable.
|
On the condition that draws are poker, it is definitely the case that ecological processes are dynamic and generally predictable.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Draws are poker.', 1: 'Ecological processes are dynamic and generally predictable.', 2: 'Wind power produces minimal amounts of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas.', 3: 'H eat destroys the activity of many vitamins and enzymes.', 4: 'Medical science permits man to live, and reproduce, to a great age.'}
| 2 |
1,135 |
['The claim that adoptive parents can take parental leave regardless of the age of the adopted child does not reflect reality.', 'On the condition that we know that the claim that diploidy is transient, haploidy is the norm is false, it is definitely the case that inhaled steroids are now standard treatment for children with asthma from infancy.', 'Once we know inhaled steroids are now standard treatment for children with asthma from infancy, we also know that adoptive parents can take parental leave regardless of the age of the adopted child.']
|
The claim that adoptive parents can take parental leave regardless of the age of the adopted child does not reflect reality. On the condition that we know that the claim that diploidy is transient, haploidy is the norm is false, it is definitely the case that inhaled steroids are now standard treatment for children with asthma from infancy. Once we know inhaled steroids are now standard treatment for children with asthma from infancy, we also know that adoptive parents can take parental leave regardless of the age of the adopted child.
|
It is true that diploidy is transient, haploidy is the norm.
|
It is a common misconception that diploidy is transient, haploidy is the norm.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Diploidy is transient, haploidy is the norm.', 1: 'Adoptive parents can take parental leave regardless of the age of the adopted child.', 2: 'Inhaled steroids are now standard treatment for children with asthma from infancy.'}
| 2 |
1,246 |
['At least one of two things is true: some hawks gain weight, or most rapes occur in dark alleys.', "On the condition that some hawks gain weight, it is definitely the case that new studies report that passive smoking increases the non-smoker's risk for cancer.", "It is not the case that new studies report that passive smoking increases the non-smoker's risk for cancer."]
|
At least one of two things is true: some hawks gain weight, or most rapes occur in dark alleys. On the condition that some hawks gain weight, it is definitely the case that new studies report that passive smoking increases the non-smoker's risk for cancer. It is not the case that new studies report that passive smoking increases the non-smoker's risk for cancer.
|
Those that suggest most rapes occur in dark alleys are right.
|
Rape is a crime of violence and power, it has nothing to do with sexual attraction.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most rapes occur in dark alleys.', 1: 'Some hawks gain weight.', 2: "New studies report that passive smoking increases the non-smoker's risk for cancer."}
| 2 |
1,970 |
['Given that hawks have (part) talons, it can be inferred that cells communicate covertly, coded call and response to threshold excitation.', 'There is good reason to believe that either data mining is the process of extracting useful information from large databases or hawks have (part) talons.', 'The claim that data mining is the process of extracting useful information from large databases does not correspond with reality.']
|
Given that hawks have (part) talons, it can be inferred that cells communicate covertly, coded call and response to threshold excitation. There is good reason to believe that either data mining is the process of extracting useful information from large databases or hawks have (part) talons. The claim that data mining is the process of extracting useful information from large databases does not correspond with reality.
|
It is reasonable to believe that cells communicate covertly, coded call and response to threshold excitation.
|
All cells have a complex internal mechanism which controls everything they do.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Cells communicate covertly, coded call and response to threshold excitation.', 1: 'Hawks have (part) talons.', 2: 'Data mining is the process of extracting useful information from large databases.'}
| 2 |
1,891 |
['We know that the claim that nymphs feed for five to eight weeks before entering the adult stage is false.', 'Given that it is not the case that if different tribes depend on different plants and animals for their needs, then nymphs feed for five to eight weeks before entering the adult stage, it can be inferred that either some termite colonies have kings or diversity is human nature.', 'The statement, either some termite colonies have kings or diversity is human nature, does not hold.']
|
We know that the claim that nymphs feed for five to eight weeks before entering the adult stage is false. Given that it is not the case that if different tribes depend on different plants and animals for their needs, then nymphs feed for five to eight weeks before entering the adult stage, it can be inferred that either some termite colonies have kings or diversity is human nature. The statement, either some termite colonies have kings or diversity is human nature, does not hold.
|
The statement that 'different tribes depend on different plants and animals for their needs' is incorrect.
|
The notion that 'different tribes hold different traditions in their rain dances' is untrue.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Different tribes depend on different plants and animals for their needs.', 1: 'Nymphs feed for five to eight weeks before entering the adult stage.', 2: 'Some termite colonies have kings.', 3: 'Diversity is human nature.'}
| 2 |
1,619 |
["The notion that 'sergeants have (part) necks' is untrue.", 'It is a fact that either azaleas are all in bloom with colors ranging from white, to pink, to apricot or reproduction is also necessary for species survival.', "So long as azaleas are all in bloom with colors ranging from white, to pink, to apricot, 'if crane flies are insects, then sergeants have (part) necks' is true.", 'When reproduction is also necessary for species survival is true, it follows that if crane flies are insects, then sergeants have (part) necks.']
|
The notion that 'sergeants have (part) necks' is untrue. It is a fact that either azaleas are all in bloom with colors ranging from white, to pink, to apricot or reproduction is also necessary for species survival. So long as azaleas are all in bloom with colors ranging from white, to pink, to apricot, 'if crane flies are insects, then sergeants have (part) necks' is true. When reproduction is also necessary for species survival is true, it follows that if crane flies are insects, then sergeants have (part) necks.
|
The claim that crane flies are insects is false.
|
The claim that crane flies look like Texas-sized mosquitoes and have been incorrectly called mosquito hawks is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Crane flies are insects.', 1: 'Sergeants have (part) necks.', 2: 'Azaleas are all in bloom with colors ranging from white, to pink, to apricot.', 3: 'Reproduction is also necessary for species survival.'}
| 2 |
1,815 |
['It is not the case that work is force acting through a distance, which can be seen, in translational and angular movement.', 'Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if some carapaces are part of peacocks, then work is force acting through a distance, which can be seen, in translational and angular movement, it follows that if defibrillation consists of high-energy shock impulses, then cytoplasm shows variable basophilia.', 'The claim that if defibrillation consists of high-energy shock impulses, then cytoplasm shows variable basophilia does not reflect reality.']
|
It is not the case that work is force acting through a distance, which can be seen, in translational and angular movement. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if some carapaces are part of peacocks, then work is force acting through a distance, which can be seen, in translational and angular movement, it follows that if defibrillation consists of high-energy shock impulses, then cytoplasm shows variable basophilia. The claim that if defibrillation consists of high-energy shock impulses, then cytoplasm shows variable basophilia does not reflect reality.
|
Those that suggest some carapaces are part of peacocks are wrong.
|
The claim that some carapaces are part of honeybees does not reflect reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Some carapaces are part of peacocks.', 1: 'Work is force acting through a distance, which can be seen, in translational and angular movement.', 2: 'Defibrillation consists of high-energy shock impulses.', 3: 'Cytoplasm shows variable basophilia.'}
| 2 |
1,365 |
['It is a common misconception that if usable flux is defined as the spectral purity weighted intensity through a fixed aperture, then some philosophers argue marriages.', 'It is a fact that either dolphins seem to trigger the healing process in humans or if it is a common misconception that firemen have (part) material bodies, then if usable flux is defined as the spectral purity weighted intensity through a fixed aperture, then some philosophers argue marriages.', 'Those that suggest dolphins seem to trigger the healing process in humans are wrong.']
|
It is a common misconception that if usable flux is defined as the spectral purity weighted intensity through a fixed aperture, then some philosophers argue marriages. It is a fact that either dolphins seem to trigger the healing process in humans or if it is a common misconception that firemen have (part) material bodies, then if usable flux is defined as the spectral purity weighted intensity through a fixed aperture, then some philosophers argue marriages. Those that suggest dolphins seem to trigger the healing process in humans are wrong.
|
Those that suggest firemen have (part) material bodies are right.
|
Firemans are men.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Firemen have (part) material bodies.', 1: 'Usable flux is defined as the spectral purity weighted intensity through a fixed aperture.', 2: 'Some philosophers argue marriages.', 3: 'Dolphins seem to trigger the healing process in humans.'}
| 2 |
1,812 |
["Whenever it is true that mollusks also provide important data from the fossil record and deep time, 'embodiment has (part) personality' is true.", "So long as the claim that mollusks also provide important data from the fossil record and deep time does not correspond with reality, 'happiness is a less intense but more durable feeling of well being' is true.", 'The claim that happiness is a less intense but more durable feeling of well being does not reflect reality.']
|
Whenever it is true that mollusks also provide important data from the fossil record and deep time, 'embodiment has (part) personality' is true. So long as the claim that mollusks also provide important data from the fossil record and deep time does not correspond with reality, 'happiness is a less intense but more durable feeling of well being' is true. The claim that happiness is a less intense but more durable feeling of well being does not reflect reality.
|
The statement that states embodiment has (part) personality is right.
|
The statement that states embodiment has (part) personality is right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Embodiment has (part) personality.', 1: 'Mollusks also provide important data from the fossil record and deep time.', 2: 'Happiness is a less intense but more durable feeling of well being.'}
| 2 |
1,026 |
["The notion that 'unstable snow exists in the backcountry' is untrue.", 'Should it be the case that if hydrogenation is chemical process, which creates the widely used hydrogenated oils, then smoking is a partial sin, it follows that either unstable snow exists in the backcountry or those that suggest wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back are wrong.', 'On the condition that hydrogenation is chemical process, which creates the widely used hydrogenated oils, it is definitely the case that smoking is a partial sin.']
|
The notion that 'unstable snow exists in the backcountry' is untrue. Should it be the case that if hydrogenation is chemical process, which creates the widely used hydrogenated oils, then smoking is a partial sin, it follows that either unstable snow exists in the backcountry or those that suggest wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back are wrong. On the condition that hydrogenation is chemical process, which creates the widely used hydrogenated oils, it is definitely the case that smoking is a partial sin.
|
Those that suggest wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back are wrong.
|
The claim that nutrias have (part) nuclei does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Wild birds are mostly yellow-green, with brownish streaking on the back.', 1: 'Unstable snow exists in the backcountry.', 2: 'Hydrogenation is chemical process, which creates the widely used hydrogenated oils.', 3: 'Smoking is a partial sin.'}
| 2 |
1,642 |
['At least one of two things is true: either flows occur due to the logic of how the system components are connected or a robber is a thief, or origamis are crafts.', 'Once we know origamis are crafts, we also know that death is a process.', 'Either either diversity is basic to ecosystemic well-being or access time is the speed change time, the seek time, and latency combined or if either flows occur due to the logic of how the system components are connected or a robber is a thief, then death is a process.', 'We know that the claim that either diversity is basic to ecosystemic well-being or access time is the speed change time, the seek time, and latency combined is false.']
|
At least one of two things is true: either flows occur due to the logic of how the system components are connected or a robber is a thief, or origamis are crafts. Once we know origamis are crafts, we also know that death is a process. Either either diversity is basic to ecosystemic well-being or access time is the speed change time, the seek time, and latency combined or if either flows occur due to the logic of how the system components are connected or a robber is a thief, then death is a process. We know that the claim that either diversity is basic to ecosystemic well-being or access time is the speed change time, the seek time, and latency combined is false.
|
Many people rightly believe that death is a process.
|
The notion that 'death is a process' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [4] or [5].) or (If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].).
Not (Either [4] or [5].).
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Death is a process.', 1: 'Flows occur due to the logic of how the system components are connected.', 2: 'A robber is a thief.', 3: 'Origamis are crafts.', 4: 'Diversity is basic to ecosystemic well-being.', 5: 'Access time is the speed change time, the seek time, and latency combined.'}
| 2 |
1,417 |
['Should it be the case that anonymity often makes it easier for people to give their candid opinions about a paper, it follows that hellbenders are fully aquatic amphibians, meaning that they live entirely underwater.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: effects can have negative impact, or play sports end with showers.', 'Should it be the case that effects can have negative impact, it follows that anonymity often makes it easier for people to give their candid opinions about a paper.', 'Provided that play sports end with showers, we know that anonymity often makes it easier for people to give their candid opinions about a paper.']
|
Should it be the case that anonymity often makes it easier for people to give their candid opinions about a paper, it follows that hellbenders are fully aquatic amphibians, meaning that they live entirely underwater. Either one or both of these statements are true: effects can have negative impact, or play sports end with showers. Should it be the case that effects can have negative impact, it follows that anonymity often makes it easier for people to give their candid opinions about a paper. Provided that play sports end with showers, we know that anonymity often makes it easier for people to give their candid opinions about a paper.
|
The claim that hellbenders are fully aquatic amphibians, meaning that they live entirely underwater holds true.
|
We know that the claim that hellbenders are fully aquatic amphibians, meaning that they live entirely underwater is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Hellbenders are fully aquatic amphibians, meaning that they live entirely underwater.', 1: 'Anonymity often makes it easier for people to give their candid opinions about a paper.', 2: 'Effects can have negative impact.', 3: 'Play sports end with showers.'}
| 2 |
1,907 |
['Assuming it is a common misconception that governments create an environment in which entrepreneurship and producers can flourish, we know that if most children die of treatable diseases from contaminated water, then plants can influence aggregate formation in a number of ways.', 'It is rational to believe that either wildlife is particularly vulnerable during dry years and in the winter or some bones have interiors.', 'On the condition that wildlife is particularly vulnerable during dry years and in the winter, it is definitely the case that if it is a common misconception that governments create an environment in which entrepreneurship and producers can flourish, then the claim that if most children die of treatable diseases from contaminated water, then plants can influence aggregate formation in a number of ways does not reflect reality.', "Whenever it is true that some bones have interiors, 'if it is a common misconception that governments create an environment in which entrepreneurship and producers can flourish, then the claim that if most children die of treatable diseases from contaminated water, then plants can influence aggregate formation in a number of ways does not reflect reality' is true."]
|
Assuming it is a common misconception that governments create an environment in which entrepreneurship and producers can flourish, we know that if most children die of treatable diseases from contaminated water, then plants can influence aggregate formation in a number of ways. It is rational to believe that either wildlife is particularly vulnerable during dry years and in the winter or some bones have interiors. On the condition that wildlife is particularly vulnerable during dry years and in the winter, it is definitely the case that if it is a common misconception that governments create an environment in which entrepreneurship and producers can flourish, then the claim that if most children die of treatable diseases from contaminated water, then plants can influence aggregate formation in a number of ways does not reflect reality. Whenever it is true that some bones have interiors, 'if it is a common misconception that governments create an environment in which entrepreneurship and producers can flourish, then the claim that if most children die of treatable diseases from contaminated water, then plants can influence aggregate formation in a number of ways does not reflect reality' is true.
|
governments create an environment in which entrepreneurship and producers can flourish.
|
Governments create an environment in which entrepreneurship and producers can flourish.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Governments create an environment in which entrepreneurship and producers can flourish.', 1: 'Most children die of treatable diseases from contaminated water.', 2: 'Plants can influence aggregate formation in a number of ways.', 3: 'Wildlife is particularly vulnerable during dry years and in the winter.', 4: 'Some bones have interiors.'}
| 2 |
1,921 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: either visual texture is a property of a region in an image or most people think of ownership as bricks, mortar and dirt, or some pigment is produced by plants.', 'If either visual texture is a property of a region in an image or most people think of ownership as bricks, mortar and dirt, then if carbohydrates are organic matter, then meningococcal disease can progress rapidly.', 'Given that the statement, if some pigment is produced by plants, then if carbohydrates are organic matter, then meningococcal disease can progress rapidly, does not hold, it can be inferred that if environmental geophysics is a new field, then legalism defines spiritual growth as obeying the rules.', 'The statement, if environmental geophysics is a new field, then legalism defines spiritual growth as obeying the rules, does not hold.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: either visual texture is a property of a region in an image or most people think of ownership as bricks, mortar and dirt, or some pigment is produced by plants. If either visual texture is a property of a region in an image or most people think of ownership as bricks, mortar and dirt, then if carbohydrates are organic matter, then meningococcal disease can progress rapidly. Given that the statement, if some pigment is produced by plants, then if carbohydrates are organic matter, then meningococcal disease can progress rapidly, does not hold, it can be inferred that if environmental geophysics is a new field, then legalism defines spiritual growth as obeying the rules. The statement, if environmental geophysics is a new field, then legalism defines spiritual growth as obeying the rules, does not hold.
|
Assuming carbohydrates are organic matter, we know that meningococcal disease can progress rapidly.
|
Those that suggest if carbohydrates are organic matter, then meningococcal disease can progress rapidly are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If [0], then [1].).
If [4], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [4], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (If [5], then [6].).
Not (If [5], then [6].).
Therefore, If [4], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Carbohydrates are organic matter.', 1: 'Meningococcal disease can progress rapidly.', 2: 'Visual texture is a property of a region in an image.', 3: 'Most people think of ownership as bricks, mortar and dirt.', 4: 'Some pigment is produced by plants.', 5: 'Environmental geophysics is a new field.', 6: 'Legalism defines spiritual growth as obeying the rules.'}
| 2 |
1,003 |
['Should it be the case that seagrasses form the dominant biological community within Florida Bay, it follows that most raw food has nutrients.', "We know that either coyotes reproduce sexually or if seagrasses form the dominant biological community within Florida Bay, then the notion that 'most raw food has nutrients' is untrue.", 'It is not true that coyotes reproduce sexually.']
|
Should it be the case that seagrasses form the dominant biological community within Florida Bay, it follows that most raw food has nutrients. We know that either coyotes reproduce sexually or if seagrasses form the dominant biological community within Florida Bay, then the notion that 'most raw food has nutrients' is untrue. It is not true that coyotes reproduce sexually.
|
We know that the claim that seagrasses form the dominant biological community within Florida Bay is false.
|
The statement 'seagrasses form the dominant biological community within Florida Bay' can be considered true.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Seagrasses form the dominant biological community within Florida Bay.', 1: 'Most raw food has nutrients.', 2: 'Coyotes reproduce sexually.'}
| 2 |
1,134 |
['We know that the claim that some tree branches are part of trees is false.', 'It is rational to believe that either caraway thyme is a aromatic accent to meats when roasting or fruits also contain a single solid seed that is edible raw or dried and ground like grain.', 'When caraway thyme is a aromatic accent to meats when roasting is true, it follows that some tree branches are part of trees.', 'Given that fruits also contain a single solid seed that is edible raw or dried and ground like grain, it can be inferred that impact craters are rare, but they are found.']
|
We know that the claim that some tree branches are part of trees is false. It is rational to believe that either caraway thyme is a aromatic accent to meats when roasting or fruits also contain a single solid seed that is edible raw or dried and ground like grain. When caraway thyme is a aromatic accent to meats when roasting is true, it follows that some tree branches are part of trees. Given that fruits also contain a single solid seed that is edible raw or dried and ground like grain, it can be inferred that impact craters are rare, but they are found.
|
The statement 'impact craters are rare, but they are found' is true.
|
The statement 'impact craters are rare, but they are found' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Impact craters are rare, but they are found.', 1: 'Some tree branches are part of trees.', 2: 'Caraway thyme is a aromatic accent to meats when roasting.', 3: 'Fruits also contain a single solid seed that is edible raw or dried and ground like grain.'}
| 2 |
1,355 |
["Whenever it is true that ancestors have (part) arms, 'if sexual harassment can be verbal, visual, or physical, then most elk stand in environments' is true.", 'Once we know inspection is the examination of a data resource or process, we also know that if sexual harassment can be verbal, visual, or physical, then most elk stand in environments.', 'If it is not true that either ancestors have (part) arms or inspection is the examination of a data resource or process, then either cancers become more common as one gets older or penicillins exert their action on actively dividingcells by causing abnormal cell wall development.', "The statement that 'either cancers become more common as one gets older or penicillins exert their action on actively dividingcells by causing abnormal cell wall development' is incorrect."]
|
Whenever it is true that ancestors have (part) arms, 'if sexual harassment can be verbal, visual, or physical, then most elk stand in environments' is true. Once we know inspection is the examination of a data resource or process, we also know that if sexual harassment can be verbal, visual, or physical, then most elk stand in environments. If it is not true that either ancestors have (part) arms or inspection is the examination of a data resource or process, then either cancers become more common as one gets older or penicillins exert their action on actively dividingcells by causing abnormal cell wall development. The statement that 'either cancers become more common as one gets older or penicillins exert their action on actively dividingcells by causing abnormal cell wall development' is incorrect.
|
So long as sexual harassment can be verbal, visual, or physical, 'most elk stand in environments' is true.
|
So long as sexual harassment can be verbal, visual, or physical, 'most elk stand in environments' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then (Either [4] or [5].).
Not (Either [4] or [5].).
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Sexual harassment can be verbal, visual, or physical.', 1: 'Most elk stand in environments.', 2: 'Ancestors have (part) arms.', 3: 'Inspection is the examination of a data resource or process.', 4: 'Cancers become more common as one gets older.', 5: 'Penicillins exert their action on actively dividingcells by causing abnormal cell wall development.'}
| 2 |
1,877 |
['One may reasonably assume that if the claim that ethnic classification is used for identification rather than differentiation does not correspond with reality, then modern liberalism has multiple roots.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: acts are drama, or if the claim that ethnic classification is used for identification rather than differentiation does not correspond with reality, then the statement that states modern liberalism has multiple roots is false.', "The statement 'acts are drama' can be considered false."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if the claim that ethnic classification is used for identification rather than differentiation does not correspond with reality, then modern liberalism has multiple roots. Either one or both of these statements are true: acts are drama, or if the claim that ethnic classification is used for identification rather than differentiation does not correspond with reality, then the statement that states modern liberalism has multiple roots is false. The statement 'acts are drama' can be considered false.
|
Those that suggest ethnic classification is used for identification rather than differentiation are right.
|
The claim that ethnic classification is used for identification rather than differentiation is false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Ethnic classification is used for identification rather than differentiation.', 1: 'Modern liberalism has multiple roots.', 2: 'Acts are drama.'}
| 2 |
1,768 |
['There is good reason to believe that either king penguins have yellow collars or archaeology is the study of man s past.', 'When weapons of war come to displace objects of domestic use and comfort is true, it follows that if either king penguins have yellow collars or archaeology is the study of man s past, then the statement, peacocks establish small territories in an arrangement known as a lek, does not hold.', 'It is fair to say that weapons of war come to displace objects of domestic use and comfort.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either king penguins have yellow collars or archaeology is the study of man s past. When weapons of war come to displace objects of domestic use and comfort is true, it follows that if either king penguins have yellow collars or archaeology is the study of man s past, then the statement, peacocks establish small territories in an arrangement known as a lek, does not hold. It is fair to say that weapons of war come to displace objects of domestic use and comfort.
|
The statement, peacocks establish small territories in an arrangement known as a lek, does not hold.
|
The statement, peacocks establish small territories in an arrangement known as a lek, does not hold.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).).
[3]
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Peacocks establish small territories in an arrangement known as a lek.', 1: 'King penguins have yellow collars.', 2: 'Archaeology is the study of man s past.', 3: 'Weapons of war come to displace objects of domestic use and comfort.'}
| 2 |
1,836 |
['Assuming the claim that if ornithologists have (part) nuclei, then all protein molecules consist of very long chains of simple components called amino acids is false, we know that satellites can detect volcanic eruptions and the motion of ash clouds.', 'It is a fact that either insects feed by piercing and sucking sap or if nematodes eat algae, fungi, small animals, fecal matter, dead organisms, and living tissue, then some urchins inflict painful injuries.', 'Given that insects feed by piercing and sucking sap, it can be inferred that if the claim that if ornithologists have (part) nuclei, then all protein molecules consist of very long chains of simple components called amino acids is false, then we know that the claim that satellites can detect volcanic eruptions and the motion of ash clouds is false.', 'Once we know if nematodes eat algae, fungi, small animals, fecal matter, dead organisms, and living tissue, then some urchins inflict painful injuries, we also know that if the claim that if ornithologists have (part) nuclei, then all protein molecules consist of very long chains of simple components called amino acids is false, then we know that the claim that satellites can detect volcanic eruptions and the motion of ash clouds is false.']
|
Assuming the claim that if ornithologists have (part) nuclei, then all protein molecules consist of very long chains of simple components called amino acids is false, we know that satellites can detect volcanic eruptions and the motion of ash clouds. It is a fact that either insects feed by piercing and sucking sap or if nematodes eat algae, fungi, small animals, fecal matter, dead organisms, and living tissue, then some urchins inflict painful injuries. Given that insects feed by piercing and sucking sap, it can be inferred that if the claim that if ornithologists have (part) nuclei, then all protein molecules consist of very long chains of simple components called amino acids is false, then we know that the claim that satellites can detect volcanic eruptions and the motion of ash clouds is false. Once we know if nematodes eat algae, fungi, small animals, fecal matter, dead organisms, and living tissue, then some urchins inflict painful injuries, we also know that if the claim that if ornithologists have (part) nuclei, then all protein molecules consist of very long chains of simple components called amino acids is false, then we know that the claim that satellites can detect volcanic eruptions and the motion of ash clouds is false.
|
So long as ornithologists have (part) nuclei, 'all protein molecules consist of very long chains of simple components called amino acids ' is true.
|
Those that suggest if ornithologists have (part) nuclei, then all protein molecules consist of very long chains of simple components called amino acids are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Ornithologists have (part) nuclei.', 1: 'All protein molecules consist of very long chains of simple components called amino acids .', 2: 'Satellites can detect volcanic eruptions and the motion of ash clouds.', 3: 'Insects feed by piercing and sucking sap.', 4: 'Nematodes eat algae, fungi, small animals, fecal matter, dead organisms, and living tissue.', 5: 'Some urchins inflict painful injuries.'}
| 2 |
1,561 |
['Once we know it is not true that most bullfrogs have senses, we also know that different states have different harvest seasons.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: if imbalance is destructive to life, then methods are actions associated with an object, or if it is not true that most bullfrogs have senses, then those that suggest different states have different harvest seasons are wrong.', 'The claim that if imbalance is destructive to life, then methods are actions associated with an object has no merit.']
|
Once we know it is not true that most bullfrogs have senses, we also know that different states have different harvest seasons. We know that at least one of two things is true: if imbalance is destructive to life, then methods are actions associated with an object, or if it is not true that most bullfrogs have senses, then those that suggest different states have different harvest seasons are wrong. The claim that if imbalance is destructive to life, then methods are actions associated with an object has no merit.
|
It is fair to say that most bullfrogs have senses.
|
Most bullfrogs reach sexual maturity.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most bullfrogs have senses.', 1: 'Different states have different harvest seasons.', 2: 'Imbalance is destructive to life.', 3: 'Methods are actions associated with an object.'}
| 2 |
1,892 |
["So long as welfare wastes human resources and the taxpayer's money, 'either some medical doctors specialize in medicine or some people like to shower or bathe every day and others do it less often' is true.", 'At least one of two things is true: cosmetic dentistry is a cultural phenomenon, or ticks latch onto skin where they feed on blood.', 'If cosmetic dentistry is a cultural phenomenon, then if either some medical doctors specialize in medicine or some people like to shower or bathe every day and others do it less often, then bats use a unique method of locating their prey called echolocation.', 'When ticks latch onto skin where they feed on blood is true, it follows that if either some medical doctors specialize in medicine or some people like to shower or bathe every day and others do it less often, then bats use a unique method of locating their prey called echolocation.']
|
So long as welfare wastes human resources and the taxpayer's money, 'either some medical doctors specialize in medicine or some people like to shower or bathe every day and others do it less often' is true. At least one of two things is true: cosmetic dentistry is a cultural phenomenon, or ticks latch onto skin where they feed on blood. If cosmetic dentistry is a cultural phenomenon, then if either some medical doctors specialize in medicine or some people like to shower or bathe every day and others do it less often, then bats use a unique method of locating their prey called echolocation. When ticks latch onto skin where they feed on blood is true, it follows that if either some medical doctors specialize in medicine or some people like to shower or bathe every day and others do it less often, then bats use a unique method of locating their prey called echolocation.
|
Should it be the case that welfare wastes human resources and the taxpayer's money, it follows that bats use a unique method of locating their prey called echolocation.
|
Provided that welfare gives mothers an economic incentive to have more children, we know that bats use a unique method of locating their prey called echolocation
|
Uncertain
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].).
If [5], then (If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1]..
|
{0: "Welfare wastes human resources and the taxpayer's money.", 1: 'Bats use a unique method of locating their prey called echolocation.', 2: 'Some medical doctors specialize in medicine.', 3: 'Some people like to shower or bathe every day and others do it less often.', 4: 'Cosmetic dentistry is a cultural phenomenon.', 5: 'Ticks latch onto skin where they feed on blood.'}
| 2 |
1,225 |
["Given that language is runtime configurable in software, it can be inferred that egalitarianism is a bourgeois ideal because it merely means 'equal before the law'.", "Given that egalitarianism is a bourgeois ideal because it merely means 'equal before the law', it can be inferred that either horizons are defined in most cases by obvious physical features, chiefly colour and texture or silver minimizes the growth of plaque in the mouth.", 'Those that suggest either horizons are defined in most cases by obvious physical features, chiefly colour and texture or silver minimizes the growth of plaque in the mouth are wrong.']
|
Given that language is runtime configurable in software, it can be inferred that egalitarianism is a bourgeois ideal because it merely means 'equal before the law'. Given that egalitarianism is a bourgeois ideal because it merely means 'equal before the law', it can be inferred that either horizons are defined in most cases by obvious physical features, chiefly colour and texture or silver minimizes the growth of plaque in the mouth. Those that suggest either horizons are defined in most cases by obvious physical features, chiefly colour and texture or silver minimizes the growth of plaque in the mouth are wrong.
|
It is not the case that language is runtime configurable in software.
|
The statement that states language is lived from within is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Language is runtime configurable in software.', 1: "Egalitarianism is a bourgeois ideal because it merely means 'equal before the law'.", 2: 'Horizons are defined in most cases by obvious physical features, chiefly colour and texture.', 3: 'Silver minimizes the growth of plaque in the mouth.'}
| 2 |
1,820 |
['We know that either bedrock mortars are bowl shaped holes in the rock where the Yokuts ground acorns into flour or electronic mail is an example of technology.', 'Provided that bedrock mortars are bowl shaped holes in the rock where the Yokuts ground acorns into flour, we know that either some diets can be very restrictive and expensive or activator proteins induce expression by assisting RNA polymerase in promoter recognition.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if electronic mail is an example of technology, then either some diets can be very restrictive and expensive or activator proteins induce expression by assisting RNA polymerase in promoter recognition is false, then water uses for water.', 'It is not the case that water uses for water.']
|
We know that either bedrock mortars are bowl shaped holes in the rock where the Yokuts ground acorns into flour or electronic mail is an example of technology. Provided that bedrock mortars are bowl shaped holes in the rock where the Yokuts ground acorns into flour, we know that either some diets can be very restrictive and expensive or activator proteins induce expression by assisting RNA polymerase in promoter recognition. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if electronic mail is an example of technology, then either some diets can be very restrictive and expensive or activator proteins induce expression by assisting RNA polymerase in promoter recognition is false, then water uses for water. It is not the case that water uses for water.
|
Either some diets can be very restrictive and expensive or activator proteins induce expression by assisting RNA polymerase in promoter recognition.
|
Either some diets can be very restrictive and expensive or activator proteins induce expression by assisting RNA polymerase in promoter recognition.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Some diets can be very restrictive and expensive.', 1: 'Activator proteins induce expression by assisting RNA polymerase in promoter recognition.', 2: 'Bedrock mortars are bowl shaped holes in the rock where the Yokuts ground acorns into flour.', 3: 'Electronic mail is an example of technology.', 4: 'Water uses for water.'}
| 2 |
1,369 |
['At least one of two things is true: coffee can absorb odors, or trees provide homes and shelter for birds and other animals.', 'There is good reason to believe that either if forest destruction can remove the mature forest that the lynx needs for denning and rearing young, then different denominations teach a wide range of beliefs or friction is higher on rough surfaces than it is on smooth surfaces.', "Whenever it is true that if forest destruction can remove the mature forest that the lynx needs for denning and rearing young, then different denominations teach a wide range of beliefs, 'it is not the case that coffee can absorb odors' is true.", 'Assuming friction is higher on rough surfaces than it is on smooth surfaces, we know that it is not the case that coffee can absorb odors.']
|
At least one of two things is true: coffee can absorb odors, or trees provide homes and shelter for birds and other animals. There is good reason to believe that either if forest destruction can remove the mature forest that the lynx needs for denning and rearing young, then different denominations teach a wide range of beliefs or friction is higher on rough surfaces than it is on smooth surfaces. Whenever it is true that if forest destruction can remove the mature forest that the lynx needs for denning and rearing young, then different denominations teach a wide range of beliefs, 'it is not the case that coffee can absorb odors' is true. Assuming friction is higher on rough surfaces than it is on smooth surfaces, we know that it is not the case that coffee can absorb odors.
|
The idea that trees provide homes and shelter for birds and other animals is true.
|
The idea that trees provide homes and shelter for birds and other animals is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).
If [4], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Trees provide homes and shelter for birds and other animals.', 1: 'Coffee can absorb odors.', 2: 'Forest destruction can remove the mature forest that the lynx needs for denning and rearing young.', 3: 'Different denominations teach a wide range of beliefs.', 4: 'Friction is higher on rough surfaces than it is on smooth surfaces.'}
| 2 |
1,681 |
['The claim that clutchs are part of cars is false.', 'At least one of two things is true: most social insects live in colonies, or either sharks have (part) cytoplasm or red maple is difficult to propagate from cuttings and success varies considerably.', "Whenever it is true that most social insects live in colonies, 'clutchs are part of cars' is true.", 'Assuming either sharks have (part) cytoplasm or red maple is difficult to propagate from cuttings and success varies considerably, we know that soft money is unregulated donations to political committees as opposed to candidates.']
|
The claim that clutchs are part of cars is false. At least one of two things is true: most social insects live in colonies, or either sharks have (part) cytoplasm or red maple is difficult to propagate from cuttings and success varies considerably. Whenever it is true that most social insects live in colonies, 'clutchs are part of cars' is true. Assuming either sharks have (part) cytoplasm or red maple is difficult to propagate from cuttings and success varies considerably, we know that soft money is unregulated donations to political committees as opposed to candidates.
|
It is a simple truth that soft money is unregulated donations to political committees as opposed to candidates.
|
It is a simple truth that soft money is unregulated donations to political committees as opposed to candidates.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then [1].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Soft money is unregulated donations to political committees as opposed to candidates.', 1: 'Clutchs are part of cars.', 2: 'Most social insects live in colonies.', 3: 'Sharks have (part) cytoplasm.', 4: 'Red maple is difficult to propagate from cuttings and success varies considerably.'}
| 2 |
1,339 |
["Assuming either most earthquakes are breaks in the earth's crust, caused by the slow movement of mantle rock or sustainable development requires capacity, we know that metals react vigorously and alkali metals ignite in NO .", 'We know that either bacteria actually produce the polymer, much as humans make and store fat or environmental change has a potential impact on innovation.', 'Assuming bacteria actually produce the polymer, much as humans make and store fat, we know that it is not the case that metals react vigorously and alkali metals ignite in NO .', 'Once we know environmental change has a potential impact on innovation, we also know that it is not the case that metals react vigorously and alkali metals ignite in NO .']
|
Assuming either most earthquakes are breaks in the earth's crust, caused by the slow movement of mantle rock or sustainable development requires capacity, we know that metals react vigorously and alkali metals ignite in NO . We know that either bacteria actually produce the polymer, much as humans make and store fat or environmental change has a potential impact on innovation. Assuming bacteria actually produce the polymer, much as humans make and store fat, we know that it is not the case that metals react vigorously and alkali metals ignite in NO . Once we know environmental change has a potential impact on innovation, we also know that it is not the case that metals react vigorously and alkali metals ignite in NO .
|
The statement that states either most earthquakes are breaks in the earth's crust, caused by the slow movement of mantle rock or sustainable development requires capacity is false.
|
The statement that states either most earthquakes are breaks in the earth's crust, caused by the slow movement of mantle rock or sustainable development requires capacity is false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Not [2].).
If [4], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: "Most earthquakes are breaks in the earth's crust, caused by the slow movement of mantle rock.", 1: 'Sustainable development requires capacity.', 2: 'Metals react vigorously and alkali metals ignite in NO .', 3: 'Bacteria actually produce the polymer, much as humans make and store fat.', 4: 'Environmental change has a potential impact on innovation.'}
| 2 |
1,419 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: lexicography is the work of writing a dictionary, or fruit also contains flavonoids.', 'On the condition that lexicography is the work of writing a dictionary, it is definitely the case that if phenol can penetrate leather on shoes or clothing, then objects are also collections of behaviours that control and manipulate their associated data.', 'Assuming life is based on the chemistry of carbon compounds, we know that if fruit also contains flavonoids, then if phenol can penetrate leather on shoes or clothing, then objects are also collections of behaviours that control and manipulate their associated data.', 'The idea that life is based on the chemistry of carbon compounds is true.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: lexicography is the work of writing a dictionary, or fruit also contains flavonoids. On the condition that lexicography is the work of writing a dictionary, it is definitely the case that if phenol can penetrate leather on shoes or clothing, then objects are also collections of behaviours that control and manipulate their associated data. Assuming life is based on the chemistry of carbon compounds, we know that if fruit also contains flavonoids, then if phenol can penetrate leather on shoes or clothing, then objects are also collections of behaviours that control and manipulate their associated data. The idea that life is based on the chemistry of carbon compounds is true.
|
So long as phenol can penetrate leather on shoes or clothing, 'objects are also collections of behaviours that control and manipulate their associated data' is true.
|
The notion that 'if phenol can penetrate leather on shoes or clothing, then objects are also collections of behaviours that control and manipulate their associated data' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).
[4]
Therefore, If [3], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Phenol can penetrate leather on shoes or clothing.', 1: 'Objects are also collections of behaviours that control and manipulate their associated data.', 2: 'Lexicography is the work of writing a dictionary.', 3: 'Fruit also contains flavonoids.', 4: 'Life is based on the chemistry of carbon compounds.'}
| 2 |
1,829 |
['If some people mistakenly believe that either a train station is a terminal or some tooth roots are part of fangs, then the claim that some bamboo lemurs eat giant bamboo is false.', 'Given that it is not the case that if some people mistakenly believe that either a train station is a terminal or some tooth roots are part of fangs, then some bamboo lemurs eat giant bamboo, it can be inferred that diseases include pneumonia.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if some people mistakenly believe that either a train station is a terminal or some tooth roots are part of fangs, then some bamboo lemurs eat giant bamboo, then the claim that diseases include pneumonia has no merit.']
|
If some people mistakenly believe that either a train station is a terminal or some tooth roots are part of fangs, then the claim that some bamboo lemurs eat giant bamboo is false. Given that it is not the case that if some people mistakenly believe that either a train station is a terminal or some tooth roots are part of fangs, then some bamboo lemurs eat giant bamboo, it can be inferred that diseases include pneumonia. One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that if some people mistakenly believe that either a train station is a terminal or some tooth roots are part of fangs, then some bamboo lemurs eat giant bamboo, then the claim that diseases include pneumonia has no merit.
|
At least one of two things is true: a train station is a terminal, or some tooth roots are part of fangs.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: train stations are located in big cities, or some tooth roots are part of tusks.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'A train station is a terminal.', 1: 'Some tooth roots are part of fangs.', 2: 'Some bamboo lemurs eat giant bamboo.', 3: 'Diseases include pneumonia.'}
| 2 |
1,951 |
["Provided that the statement 'all organisms require some source of energy to maintain life and growth' can be considered false, we know that many large businesses have direct connections to the Internet.", "Whenever it is true that dietary sodium exerts an important influence on calcium balance and bone acquisition, 'if the statement 'all organisms require some source of energy to maintain life and growth' can be considered false, then the statement, many large businesses have direct connections to the Internet, does not hold' is true.", "The statement 'dietary sodium exerts an important influence on calcium balance and bone acquisition' can be considered true."]
|
Provided that the statement 'all organisms require some source of energy to maintain life and growth' can be considered false, we know that many large businesses have direct connections to the Internet. Whenever it is true that dietary sodium exerts an important influence on calcium balance and bone acquisition, 'if the statement 'all organisms require some source of energy to maintain life and growth' can be considered false, then the statement, many large businesses have direct connections to the Internet, does not hold' is true. The statement 'dietary sodium exerts an important influence on calcium balance and bone acquisition' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'all organisms require some source of energy to maintain life and growth' can be considered true.
|
Most organisms have health.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'All organisms require some source of energy to maintain life and growth.', 1: 'Many large businesses have direct connections to the Internet.', 2: 'Dietary sodium exerts an important influence on calcium balance and bone acquisition.'}
| 2 |
1,454 |
["It is rational to believe that either a title page is a page or the notion that 'fruit slices are other edible decorations birds enjoy' is untrue.", 'Assuming some animals consume animals, we know that those that suggest a title page is a page are wrong.', 'We can assume that some animals consume animals.']
|
It is rational to believe that either a title page is a page or the notion that 'fruit slices are other edible decorations birds enjoy' is untrue. Assuming some animals consume animals, we know that those that suggest a title page is a page are wrong. We can assume that some animals consume animals.
|
The notion that 'fruit slices are other edible decorations birds enjoy' is untrue.
|
The statement 'fruit slices are other edible decorations birds enjoy' is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Fruit slices are other edible decorations birds enjoy.', 1: 'A title page is a page.', 2: 'Some animals consume animals.'}
| 2 |
1,063 |
['It is rational to believe that either people desire college degrees or those that suggest some liver spots are part of pachyderms are wrong.', 'It is a fact that either trees are also medium in height with a bushy habit further reducing crop potential or water soaks deep into the soil which protects plants from water stress.', 'Assuming trees are also medium in height with a bushy habit further reducing crop potential, we know that we know that the claim that people desire college degrees is false.', 'On the condition that water soaks deep into the soil which protects plants from water stress, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that people desire college degrees is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either people desire college degrees or those that suggest some liver spots are part of pachyderms are wrong. It is a fact that either trees are also medium in height with a bushy habit further reducing crop potential or water soaks deep into the soil which protects plants from water stress. Assuming trees are also medium in height with a bushy habit further reducing crop potential, we know that we know that the claim that people desire college degrees is false. On the condition that water soaks deep into the soil which protects plants from water stress, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that people desire college degrees is false.
|
Those that suggest some liver spots are part of pachyderms are wrong.
|
It is true that some liver spots are part of pachyderms.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Some liver spots are part of pachyderms.', 1: 'People desire college degrees.', 2: 'Trees are also medium in height with a bushy habit further reducing crop potential.', 3: 'Water soaks deep into the soil which protects plants from water stress.'}
| 2 |
1,759 |
['At least one of two things is true: some fumbles occur when a ball carrier is fighting for yards after contact, or many people use denial to cover up their feelings.', 'One may reasonably assume that if some fumbles occur when a ball carrier is fighting for yards after contact, then current Detector Investigate how to measure electric current.', 'Assuming pygmy tarsiers drink water, we know that if many people use denial to cover up their feelings, then current Detector Investigate how to measure electric current.', 'It is true that pygmy tarsiers drink water.']
|
At least one of two things is true: some fumbles occur when a ball carrier is fighting for yards after contact, or many people use denial to cover up their feelings. One may reasonably assume that if some fumbles occur when a ball carrier is fighting for yards after contact, then current Detector Investigate how to measure electric current. Assuming pygmy tarsiers drink water, we know that if many people use denial to cover up their feelings, then current Detector Investigate how to measure electric current. It is true that pygmy tarsiers drink water.
|
It is rational to agree that current Detector Investigate how to measure electric current.
|
Football is a combative sport that calls upon all components of one's athleticism.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then [0].).
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Current Detector Investigate how to measure electric current.', 1: 'Some fumbles occur when a ball carrier is fighting for yards after contact.', 2: 'Many people use denial to cover up their feelings.', 3: 'Pygmy tarsiers drink water.'}
| 2 |
1,360 |
['Assuming all cells require energy to survive and undergo chemical processes to sustain life, we know that either white flowers surround flowers or flaxseed contains several important fatty acids that can control inflammation.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: if humans can have devastate effects, then a dog show is a show, or most squids prey on fish.', 'If if humans can have devastate effects, then a dog show is a show, then all cells require energy to survive and undergo chemical processes to sustain life.', 'On the condition that most squids prey on fish, it is definitely the case that all cells require energy to survive and undergo chemical processes to sustain life.']
|
Assuming all cells require energy to survive and undergo chemical processes to sustain life, we know that either white flowers surround flowers or flaxseed contains several important fatty acids that can control inflammation. We know that at least one of two things is true: if humans can have devastate effects, then a dog show is a show, or most squids prey on fish. If if humans can have devastate effects, then a dog show is a show, then all cells require energy to survive and undergo chemical processes to sustain life. On the condition that most squids prey on fish, it is definitely the case that all cells require energy to survive and undergo chemical processes to sustain life.
|
We know that either white flowers surround flowers or flaxseed contains several important fatty acids that can control inflammation.
|
We know that either white flowers surround flowers or flaxseed contains several important fatty acids that can control inflammation.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].
If (If [3], then [4].), then [2].
If [5], then [2].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'White flowers surround flowers.', 1: 'Flaxseed contains several important fatty acids that can control inflammation.', 2: 'All cells require energy to survive and undergo chemical processes to sustain life.', 3: 'Humans can have devastate effects.', 4: 'A dog show is a show.', 5: 'Most squids prey on fish.'}
| 2 |
1,237 |
['At least one of two things is true: either territorial rating is a proven method of equitably pricing insurance or war is an external and internal hell that every veteran, male or female, has experienced, or most alligators have eyes.', 'Provided that most alligators have eyes, we know that the claim that gerenuks feed on acacias does not correspond with reality.', "So long as it is a common misconception that if either territorial rating is a proven method of equitably pricing insurance or war is an external and internal hell that every veteran, male or female, has experienced, then the claim that gerenuks feed on acacias does not correspond with reality, 'smokers inhale more because arsenic is one of many hundreds of chemicals present in cigarette smoke' is true.", 'The claim that smokers inhale more because arsenic is one of many hundreds of chemicals present in cigarette smoke has no merit.']
|
At least one of two things is true: either territorial rating is a proven method of equitably pricing insurance or war is an external and internal hell that every veteran, male or female, has experienced, or most alligators have eyes. Provided that most alligators have eyes, we know that the claim that gerenuks feed on acacias does not correspond with reality. So long as it is a common misconception that if either territorial rating is a proven method of equitably pricing insurance or war is an external and internal hell that every veteran, male or female, has experienced, then the claim that gerenuks feed on acacias does not correspond with reality, 'smokers inhale more because arsenic is one of many hundreds of chemicals present in cigarette smoke' is true. The claim that smokers inhale more because arsenic is one of many hundreds of chemicals present in cigarette smoke has no merit.
|
The claim that gerenuks feed on acacias does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that gerenuks feed on acacias does not correspond with reality.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Gerenuks feed on acacias.', 1: 'Territorial rating is a proven method of equitably pricing insurance.', 2: 'War is an external and internal hell that every veteran, male or female, has experienced.', 3: 'Most alligators have eyes.', 4: 'Smokers inhale more because arsenic is one of many hundreds of chemicals present in cigarette smoke.'}
| 2 |
1,112 |
["The statement 'arctic foxes have choices' can be considered true.", 'Should it be the case that arctic foxes have choices, it follows that similar snowfall can occur near large inland bays, where it is known as bay-effect snow.', 'Assuming similar snowfall can occur near large inland bays, where it is known as bay-effect snow, we know that fear is the root source of anger.']
|
The statement 'arctic foxes have choices' can be considered true. Should it be the case that arctic foxes have choices, it follows that similar snowfall can occur near large inland bays, where it is known as bay-effect snow. Assuming similar snowfall can occur near large inland bays, where it is known as bay-effect snow, we know that fear is the root source of anger.
|
fear is the root source of anger.
|
Fear is the root source of anger.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Fear is the root source of anger.', 1: 'Arctic foxes have choices.', 2: 'Similar snowfall can occur near large inland bays, where it is known as bay-effect snow.'}
| 2 |
1,640 |
['Provided that offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival, we know that fractals are part of the mathematics of chaotic systems.', 'Given that latency is life long, it can be inferred that fractals are part of the mathematics of chaotic systems.', "Whenever it is true that the statement 'either offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival or latency is life long' can be considered false, 'if minerals are inorganic substances, then market prices balance the costs and benefits to all parties of producing and consuming' is true.", "Once we know the statement 'either offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival or latency is life long' can be considered false, we also know that the notion that 'if minerals are inorganic substances, then market prices balance the costs and benefits to all parties of producing and consuming' is untrue."]
|
Provided that offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival, we know that fractals are part of the mathematics of chaotic systems. Given that latency is life long, it can be inferred that fractals are part of the mathematics of chaotic systems. Whenever it is true that the statement 'either offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival or latency is life long' can be considered false, 'if minerals are inorganic substances, then market prices balance the costs and benefits to all parties of producing and consuming' is true. Once we know the statement 'either offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival or latency is life long' can be considered false, we also know that the notion that 'if minerals are inorganic substances, then market prices balance the costs and benefits to all parties of producing and consuming' is untrue.
|
It is rational to agree that fractals are part of the mathematics of chaotic systems.
|
It is a common misconception that fractals are part of the mathematics of chaotic systems.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (If [3], then [4].).
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Fractals are part of the mathematics of chaotic systems.', 1: 'Offspring formed due to sexual reproduction have better chances of survival.', 2: 'Latency is life long.', 3: 'Minerals are inorganic substances.', 4: 'Market prices balance the costs and benefits to all parties of producing and consuming.'}
| 2 |
1,532 |
['At least one of two things is true: either hazardous wastes are difficult to detect or most raw almonds have fiber, or silk is a unique part of Indian culture and tradition.', 'If either hazardous wastes are difficult to detect or most raw almonds have fiber, then the claim that if sloths are omnivores , then poverty comes in at least four different forms is false.', 'One may reasonably assume that if peeling can also occur when alkyd or oil paint is applied over unetched concrete, then if silk is a unique part of Indian culture and tradition, then the claim that if sloths are omnivores , then poverty comes in at least four different forms is false.', 'It is the case that peeling can also occur when alkyd or oil paint is applied over unetched concrete.']
|
At least one of two things is true: either hazardous wastes are difficult to detect or most raw almonds have fiber, or silk is a unique part of Indian culture and tradition. If either hazardous wastes are difficult to detect or most raw almonds have fiber, then the claim that if sloths are omnivores , then poverty comes in at least four different forms is false. One may reasonably assume that if peeling can also occur when alkyd or oil paint is applied over unetched concrete, then if silk is a unique part of Indian culture and tradition, then the claim that if sloths are omnivores , then poverty comes in at least four different forms is false. It is the case that peeling can also occur when alkyd or oil paint is applied over unetched concrete.
|
The claim that if sloths are omnivores , then poverty comes in at least four different forms is false.
|
It is not true that sloths are located in gardens.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If [4], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
[5]
Therefore, If [4], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Sloths are omnivores .', 1: 'Poverty comes in at least four different forms.', 2: 'Hazardous wastes are difficult to detect.', 3: 'Most raw almonds have fiber.', 4: 'Silk is a unique part of Indian culture and tradition.', 5: 'Peeling can also occur when alkyd or oil paint is applied over unetched concrete.'}
| 2 |
1,126 |
['On the condition that the statement, water is used and consumed as a part of the digestion process and can lead to dehydration, does not hold, it is definitely the case that traumatic arthritis can follow a serious hip or knee injury.', 'Given that traumatic arthritis can follow a serious hip or knee injury, it can be inferred that countries see growth.', 'Provided that traumatic arthritis can follow a serious hip or knee injury, we know that those that suggest countries see growth are wrong.']
|
On the condition that the statement, water is used and consumed as a part of the digestion process and can lead to dehydration, does not hold, it is definitely the case that traumatic arthritis can follow a serious hip or knee injury. Given that traumatic arthritis can follow a serious hip or knee injury, it can be inferred that countries see growth. Provided that traumatic arthritis can follow a serious hip or knee injury, we know that those that suggest countries see growth are wrong.
|
The idea that water is used and consumed as a part of the digestion process and can lead to dehydration is true.
|
Water is necessary to live.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Water is used and consumed as a part of the digestion process and can lead to dehydration.', 1: 'Traumatic arthritis can follow a serious hip or knee injury.', 2: 'Countries see growth.'}
| 2 |
1,259 |
['It is a fact that either a nongovernmental organization is an organization or some financial institutions deduct a charge or fee from foreign currency payments.', 'Should it be the case that the statement, if either a nongovernmental organization is an organization or some financial institutions deduct a charge or fee from foreign currency payments, then some people mistakenly believe that some doctors examine noses, does not hold, it follows that laser light is the standard example of mono-spectral light.', 'The claim that laser light is the standard example of mono-spectral light does not reflect reality.']
|
It is a fact that either a nongovernmental organization is an organization or some financial institutions deduct a charge or fee from foreign currency payments. Should it be the case that the statement, if either a nongovernmental organization is an organization or some financial institutions deduct a charge or fee from foreign currency payments, then some people mistakenly believe that some doctors examine noses, does not hold, it follows that laser light is the standard example of mono-spectral light. The claim that laser light is the standard example of mono-spectral light does not reflect reality.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that some doctors examine noses.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that some doctors examine noses.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Some doctors examine noses.', 1: 'A nongovernmental organization is an organization.', 2: 'Some financial institutions deduct a charge or fee from foreign currency payments.', 3: 'Laser light is the standard example of mono-spectral light.'}
| 2 |
1,742 |
['On the condition that antibodies exist to hair follicles and hair that has fallen out resembles a rejected organ, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that healthy dogs are in danger from salmonella as are humans is false.', 'Assuming most genetic mutation affects gamete quality, we know that we know that the claim that healthy dogs are in danger from salmonella as are humans is false.', 'If voltage is electrical pressure, then either antibodies exist to hair follicles and hair that has fallen out resembles a rejected organ or most genetic mutation affects gamete quality.', 'It is fair to say that voltage is electrical pressure.']
|
On the condition that antibodies exist to hair follicles and hair that has fallen out resembles a rejected organ, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that healthy dogs are in danger from salmonella as are humans is false. Assuming most genetic mutation affects gamete quality, we know that we know that the claim that healthy dogs are in danger from salmonella as are humans is false. If voltage is electrical pressure, then either antibodies exist to hair follicles and hair that has fallen out resembles a rejected organ or most genetic mutation affects gamete quality. It is fair to say that voltage is electrical pressure.
|
We know that the claim that healthy dogs are in danger from salmonella as are humans is false.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that most healthy dogs can run for extremely long periods of time.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).
[3]
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Healthy dogs are in danger from salmonella as are humans.', 1: 'Antibodies exist to hair follicles and hair that has fallen out resembles a rejected organ.', 2: 'Most genetic mutation affects gamete quality.', 3: 'Voltage is electrical pressure.'}
| 2 |
1,761 |
['Once we know it is not true that cockroaches show behavior, we also know that flatworms reproduce sexually and disperse via eggs.', 'Should it be the case that the statement, if it is not true that cockroaches show behavior, then some people mistakenly believe that flatworms reproduce sexually and disperse via eggs, does not hold, it follows that if communities largely shape how human beings behave, feel, and perceive the world in which they live, then blueheads are a wrasse species that feeds on small marine animals.', 'Assuming the statement, if it is not true that cockroaches show behavior, then some people mistakenly believe that flatworms reproduce sexually and disperse via eggs, does not hold, we know that the claim that if communities largely shape how human beings behave, feel, and perceive the world in which they live, then blueheads are a wrasse species that feeds on small marine animals is false.']
|
Once we know it is not true that cockroaches show behavior, we also know that flatworms reproduce sexually and disperse via eggs. Should it be the case that the statement, if it is not true that cockroaches show behavior, then some people mistakenly believe that flatworms reproduce sexually and disperse via eggs, does not hold, it follows that if communities largely shape how human beings behave, feel, and perceive the world in which they live, then blueheads are a wrasse species that feeds on small marine animals. Assuming the statement, if it is not true that cockroaches show behavior, then some people mistakenly believe that flatworms reproduce sexually and disperse via eggs, does not hold, we know that the claim that if communities largely shape how human beings behave, feel, and perceive the world in which they live, then blueheads are a wrasse species that feeds on small marine animals is false.
|
It is fair to say that cockroaches show behavior.
|
It is fair to say that cockroaches show behavior.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Cockroaches show behavior.', 1: 'Flatworms reproduce sexually and disperse via eggs.', 2: 'Communities largely shape how human beings behave, feel, and perceive the world in which they live.', 3: 'Blueheads are a wrasse species that feeds on small marine animals.'}
| 2 |
1,137 |
['At least one of two things is true: low temperatures make epoxy set slowly, or bears produce urea as they metabolize protein during hibernation.', "Whenever it is true that bats participate in public entomological services, 'it is not the case that low temperatures make epoxy set slowly' is true.", "The statement 'bats participate in public entomological services' can be considered true."]
|
At least one of two things is true: low temperatures make epoxy set slowly, or bears produce urea as they metabolize protein during hibernation. Whenever it is true that bats participate in public entomological services, 'it is not the case that low temperatures make epoxy set slowly' is true. The statement 'bats participate in public entomological services' can be considered true.
|
Many people rightly believe that bears produce urea as they metabolize protein during hibernation.
|
Many people rightly believe that bears produce urea as they metabolize protein during hibernation.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Bears produce urea as they metabolize protein during hibernation.', 1: 'Low temperatures make epoxy set slowly.', 2: 'Bats participate in public entomological services.'}
| 2 |
1,007 |
['Should it be the case that the statement that states ferrets are the third most popular pet in America, behind dogs and cats is false, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that either sediment refers to any unconsolidated or loose material or geese have (part) nuclei.', "So long as it is a common misconception that if the statement that states ferrets are the third most popular pet in America, behind dogs and cats is false, then either sediment refers to any unconsolidated or loose material or geese have (part) nuclei, 'haitian has (part) vacuoles' is true.", "Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that if the statement that states ferrets are the third most popular pet in America, behind dogs and cats is false, then either sediment refers to any unconsolidated or loose material or geese have (part) nuclei, 'the claim that haitian has (part) vacuoles does not correspond with reality' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that the statement that states ferrets are the third most popular pet in America, behind dogs and cats is false, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that either sediment refers to any unconsolidated or loose material or geese have (part) nuclei. So long as it is a common misconception that if the statement that states ferrets are the third most popular pet in America, behind dogs and cats is false, then either sediment refers to any unconsolidated or loose material or geese have (part) nuclei, 'haitian has (part) vacuoles' is true. Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that if the statement that states ferrets are the third most popular pet in America, behind dogs and cats is false, then either sediment refers to any unconsolidated or loose material or geese have (part) nuclei, 'the claim that haitian has (part) vacuoles does not correspond with reality' is true.
|
The statement that states ferrets are the third most popular pet in America, behind dogs and cats is right.
|
Most ferrets are classified as mammals.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Ferrets are the third most popular pet in America, behind dogs and cats.', 1: 'Sediment refers to any unconsolidated or loose material.', 2: 'Geese have (part) nuclei.', 3: 'Haitian has (part) vacuoles.'}
| 2 |
1,502 |
["So long as the statement that 'bacteria normally break down glucose to generate energy for cells' is incorrect, 'golfers come out to play golf' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either if users enjoy benefits, then kittiwakes have (part) sections or the claim that golfers come out to play golf has no merit.', 'Those that suggest if users enjoy benefits, then kittiwakes have (part) sections are wrong.']
|
So long as the statement that 'bacteria normally break down glucose to generate energy for cells' is incorrect, 'golfers come out to play golf' is true. There is good reason to believe that either if users enjoy benefits, then kittiwakes have (part) sections or the claim that golfers come out to play golf has no merit. Those that suggest if users enjoy benefits, then kittiwakes have (part) sections are wrong.
|
The idea that bacteria normally break down glucose to generate energy for cells is true.
|
Bacteria however produce a great deal of sulphide which in turn produces the rotten egg smell.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not [1].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Bacteria normally break down glucose to generate energy for cells.', 1: 'Golfers come out to play golf.', 2: 'Users enjoy benefits.', 3: 'Kittiwakes have (part) sections.'}
| 2 |
1,831 |
['We know that the claim that absorbed substances pass through the brush border into the capillary, usually by passive transport is false.', 'It is rational to believe that either chlorine is liberated at the anode or if we know that the claim that most functions relate to metabolism is false, then absorbed substances pass through the brush border into the capillary, usually by passive transport.', 'The claim that chlorine is liberated at the anode does not correspond with reality.']
|
We know that the claim that absorbed substances pass through the brush border into the capillary, usually by passive transport is false. It is rational to believe that either chlorine is liberated at the anode or if we know that the claim that most functions relate to metabolism is false, then absorbed substances pass through the brush border into the capillary, usually by passive transport. The claim that chlorine is liberated at the anode does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement that states most functions relate to metabolism is right.
|
The statement that states most functions relate to metabolism is right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most functions relate to metabolism.', 1: 'Absorbed substances pass through the brush border into the capillary, usually by passive transport.', 2: 'Chlorine is liberated at the anode.'}
| 2 |
1,762 |
["So long as it is not true that most personal growth takes place in times of affliction, 'it is a common misconception that either vipers are a major cause of snakebite in the Americas, Africa, Europe and Asia or most storms accelerate erosion' is true.", "So long as it is not true that most personal growth takes place in times of affliction, 'if welders connect cables from welding units to obtain amperage, voltage, slope and pulse, then young chicks have bills' is true.", "Whenever it is true that if welders connect cables from welding units to obtain amperage, voltage, slope and pulse, then young chicks have bills, 'either vipers are a major cause of snakebite in the Americas, Africa, Europe and Asia or most storms accelerate erosion' is true."]
|
So long as it is not true that most personal growth takes place in times of affliction, 'it is a common misconception that either vipers are a major cause of snakebite in the Americas, Africa, Europe and Asia or most storms accelerate erosion' is true. So long as it is not true that most personal growth takes place in times of affliction, 'if welders connect cables from welding units to obtain amperage, voltage, slope and pulse, then young chicks have bills' is true. Whenever it is true that if welders connect cables from welding units to obtain amperage, voltage, slope and pulse, then young chicks have bills, 'either vipers are a major cause of snakebite in the Americas, Africa, Europe and Asia or most storms accelerate erosion' is true.
|
It is the case that most personal growth takes place in times of affliction.
|
Those that suggest most personal growth takes place in times of affliction are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then (If [3], then [4].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Most personal growth takes place in times of affliction.', 1: 'Vipers are a major cause of snakebite in the Americas, Africa, Europe and Asia.', 2: 'Most storms accelerate erosion.', 3: 'Welders connect cables from welding units to obtain amperage, voltage, slope and pulse.', 4: 'Young chicks have bills.'}
| 2 |
1,851 |
['We know that either heat cramps occur in healthy individuals during or following strenuous physical activity or the statement that states matter has measurable energy is false.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: a wave is movement, or if children breathe even more air per pound of body weight than adults, then arabic writing is visible on many others.', 'Assuming a wave is movement, we know that it is a common misconception that heat cramps occur in healthy individuals during or following strenuous physical activity.', 'If if children breathe even more air per pound of body weight than adults, then arabic writing is visible on many others, then it is a common misconception that heat cramps occur in healthy individuals during or following strenuous physical activity.']
|
We know that either heat cramps occur in healthy individuals during or following strenuous physical activity or the statement that states matter has measurable energy is false. Either one or both of these statements are true: a wave is movement, or if children breathe even more air per pound of body weight than adults, then arabic writing is visible on many others. Assuming a wave is movement, we know that it is a common misconception that heat cramps occur in healthy individuals during or following strenuous physical activity. If if children breathe even more air per pound of body weight than adults, then arabic writing is visible on many others, then it is a common misconception that heat cramps occur in healthy individuals during or following strenuous physical activity.
|
The statement that states matter has measurable energy is false.
|
The statement 'matter has measurable energy' is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Matter has measurable energy.', 1: 'Heat cramps occur in healthy individuals during or following strenuous physical activity.', 2: 'A wave is movement.', 3: 'Children breathe even more air per pound of body weight than adults.', 4: 'Arabic writing is visible on many others.'}
| 2 |
1,407 |
["So long as the claim that either stainless steel is considered a neutral in regards to salivation or some pressure is caused by vibration is false, 'if some animals live in mountains, then anchors have great power because they can instantly access powerful states' is true.", "When if some animals live in mountains, then anchors have great power because they can instantly access powerful states is true, it follows that poetry is a precision instrument for recording man's reaction to life.", "The claim that poetry is a precision instrument for recording man's reaction to life does not reflect reality."]
|
So long as the claim that either stainless steel is considered a neutral in regards to salivation or some pressure is caused by vibration is false, 'if some animals live in mountains, then anchors have great power because they can instantly access powerful states' is true. When if some animals live in mountains, then anchors have great power because they can instantly access powerful states is true, it follows that poetry is a precision instrument for recording man's reaction to life. The claim that poetry is a precision instrument for recording man's reaction to life does not reflect reality.
|
Either stainless steel is considered a neutral in regards to salivation or some pressure is caused by vibration.
|
There is good reason to believe that either stainless steel is used for the extrusion die, as most PVCs are very corrosive or pressure is related to volume by the pressure volume curve of the lungs.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Not (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'Stainless steel is considered a neutral in regards to salivation.', 1: 'Some pressure is caused by vibration.', 2: 'Some animals live in mountains.', 3: 'Anchors have great power because they can instantly access powerful states.', 4: "Poetry is a precision instrument for recording man's reaction to life."}
| 2 |
1,692 |
['There is good reason to believe that either either raw meats are translucent pink to gray or most female crickets lack the necessary adaptations to stridulate, so make no sound or the statement that states patterns become habits is false.', 'Once we know either raw meats are translucent pink to gray or most female crickets lack the necessary adaptations to stridulate, so make no sound, we also know that most newborn babies reach full size.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either raw meats are translucent pink to gray or most female crickets lack the necessary adaptations to stridulate, so make no sound, then the claim that most newborn babies reach full size is false.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either either raw meats are translucent pink to gray or most female crickets lack the necessary adaptations to stridulate, so make no sound or the statement that states patterns become habits is false. Once we know either raw meats are translucent pink to gray or most female crickets lack the necessary adaptations to stridulate, so make no sound, we also know that most newborn babies reach full size. One may reasonably assume that if either raw meats are translucent pink to gray or most female crickets lack the necessary adaptations to stridulate, so make no sound, then the claim that most newborn babies reach full size is false.
|
The statement that states patterns become habits is false.
|
It is the case that patterns become habits.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Patterns become habits.', 1: 'Raw meats are translucent pink to gray.', 2: 'Most female crickets lack the necessary adaptations to stridulate, so make no sound.', 3: 'Most newborn babies reach full size.'}
| 2 |
1,353 |
['At least one of two things is true: nanotechnology is machines built on a scale of nanometers, or freshwater crayfishes are in the middle of the food chain.', 'Once we know freshwater crayfishes are in the middle of the food chain, we also know that cavities are usually brown and somewhat dry.', 'If it is not the case that if nanotechnology is machines built on a scale of nanometers, then cavities are usually brown and somewhat dry, then acetone is toxic substances.', 'If it is not the case that if nanotechnology is machines built on a scale of nanometers, then cavities are usually brown and somewhat dry, then the statement that states acetone is toxic substances is false.']
|
At least one of two things is true: nanotechnology is machines built on a scale of nanometers, or freshwater crayfishes are in the middle of the food chain. Once we know freshwater crayfishes are in the middle of the food chain, we also know that cavities are usually brown and somewhat dry. If it is not the case that if nanotechnology is machines built on a scale of nanometers, then cavities are usually brown and somewhat dry, then acetone is toxic substances. If it is not the case that if nanotechnology is machines built on a scale of nanometers, then cavities are usually brown and somewhat dry, then the statement that states acetone is toxic substances is false.
|
The statement 'cavities are usually brown and somewhat dry' is true.
|
The statement 'cavities are usually brown and somewhat dry' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Cavities are usually brown and somewhat dry.', 1: 'Nanotechnology is machines built on a scale of nanometers.', 2: 'Freshwater crayfishes are in the middle of the food chain.', 3: 'Acetone is toxic substances.'}
| 2 |
1,153 |
['It is a fact that either effects have effects or most surfaces have stiffness.', 'If most surfaces have stiffness, then computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts.', "So long as the claim that if effects have effects, then computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts is false, 'either streams are three dimensional ecosystems or spermicides can cause rash, irritation, or a burning sensation in either partner' is true.", "So long as the claim that if effects have effects, then computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts is false, 'it is a common misconception that either streams are three dimensional ecosystems or spermicides can cause rash, irritation, or a burning sensation in either partner' is true."]
|
It is a fact that either effects have effects or most surfaces have stiffness. If most surfaces have stiffness, then computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts. So long as the claim that if effects have effects, then computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts is false, 'either streams are three dimensional ecosystems or spermicides can cause rash, irritation, or a burning sensation in either partner' is true. So long as the claim that if effects have effects, then computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts is false, 'it is a common misconception that either streams are three dimensional ecosystems or spermicides can cause rash, irritation, or a burning sensation in either partner' is true.
|
It is a simple truth that computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts.
|
The statement that states computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not (Either [3] or [4].).).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Computers are instruments of crime when they are used to plan or control such criminal acts.', 1: 'Effects have effects.', 2: 'Most surfaces have stiffness.', 3: 'Streams are three dimensional ecosystems.', 4: 'Spermicides can cause rash, irritation, or a burning sensation in either partner.'}
| 2 |
1,566 |
['If either an angiogenesis inhibitor is medicine or porpoises have triangular dorsal fins , like a shark, then angels are supernatural beings to whom are attributed greater than human power and intelligence.', 'It is rational to believe that either equity capital represents the personal investment of the owner or owners or flower growing seasons have peaks and valleys.', 'When equity capital represents the personal investment of the owner or owners is true, it follows that either an angiogenesis inhibitor is medicine or porpoises have triangular dorsal fins , like a shark.', 'Assuming flower growing seasons have peaks and valleys, we know that either an angiogenesis inhibitor is medicine or porpoises have triangular dorsal fins , like a shark.']
|
If either an angiogenesis inhibitor is medicine or porpoises have triangular dorsal fins , like a shark, then angels are supernatural beings to whom are attributed greater than human power and intelligence. It is rational to believe that either equity capital represents the personal investment of the owner or owners or flower growing seasons have peaks and valleys. When equity capital represents the personal investment of the owner or owners is true, it follows that either an angiogenesis inhibitor is medicine or porpoises have triangular dorsal fins , like a shark. Assuming flower growing seasons have peaks and valleys, we know that either an angiogenesis inhibitor is medicine or porpoises have triangular dorsal fins , like a shark.
|
It is true that angels are supernatural beings to whom are attributed greater than human power and intelligence.
|
It is true that angels are supernatural beings to whom are attributed greater than human power and intelligence.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [4], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Angels are supernatural beings to whom are attributed greater than human power and intelligence.', 1: 'An angiogenesis inhibitor is medicine.', 2: 'Porpoises have triangular dorsal fins , like a shark.', 3: 'Equity capital represents the personal investment of the owner or owners.', 4: 'Flower growing seasons have peaks and valleys.'}
| 2 |
1,542 |
['The statement, geckos have short, wide, fleshy toes with large, backward-curved claws, does not hold.', "So long as if water is an inorganic resource in liquid form, then some worms inhabit sediments, 'if the statement that 'either gorillas are sexually mature at six to nine years of age or some waste passes through intestines' is incorrect, then geckos have short, wide, fleshy toes with large, backward-curved claws' is true.", 'If water is an inorganic resource in liquid form, then some worms inhabit sediments.']
|
The statement, geckos have short, wide, fleshy toes with large, backward-curved claws, does not hold. So long as if water is an inorganic resource in liquid form, then some worms inhabit sediments, 'if the statement that 'either gorillas are sexually mature at six to nine years of age or some waste passes through intestines' is incorrect, then geckos have short, wide, fleshy toes with large, backward-curved claws' is true. If water is an inorganic resource in liquid form, then some worms inhabit sediments.
|
It is a fact that either gorillas are sexually mature at six to nine years of age or some waste passes through intestines.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: gorillas only differ by one a amino acid or two, or some waste has high radiation levels.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).
If [3], then [4].
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Gorillas are sexually mature at six to nine years of age.', 1: 'Some waste passes through intestines.', 2: 'Geckos have short, wide, fleshy toes with large, backward-curved claws.', 3: 'Water is an inorganic resource in liquid form.', 4: 'Some worms inhabit sediments.'}
| 2 |
1,343 |
["The notion that 'different materials produce different amounts of friction' is untrue.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: either political corruption is usually a charge aimed at developing countries or some heat kills root rhizomes, or either a towny is an occupant or a fundamentalist is a Protestant.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either political corruption is usually a charge aimed at developing countries or some heat kills root rhizomes, then different materials produce different amounts of friction.', 'When either a towny is an occupant or a fundamentalist is a Protestant is true, it follows that if men tend to get angry when they feel hurt, yet women on average tend to respond with tears, then an imperforate anus is an anus.']
|
The notion that 'different materials produce different amounts of friction' is untrue. Either one or both of these statements are true: either political corruption is usually a charge aimed at developing countries or some heat kills root rhizomes, or either a towny is an occupant or a fundamentalist is a Protestant. One may reasonably assume that if either political corruption is usually a charge aimed at developing countries or some heat kills root rhizomes, then different materials produce different amounts of friction. When either a towny is an occupant or a fundamentalist is a Protestant is true, it follows that if men tend to get angry when they feel hurt, yet women on average tend to respond with tears, then an imperforate anus is an anus.
|
Once we know men tend to get angry when they feel hurt, yet women on average tend to respond with tears, we also know that an imperforate anus is an anus.
|
Once we know men tend to get angry when they feel hurt, yet women on average tend to respond with tears, we also know that an imperforate anus is an anus.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (Either [5] or [6].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [2].
If (Either [5] or [6].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Men tend to get angry when they feel hurt, yet women on average tend to respond with tears.', 1: 'An imperforate anus is an anus.', 2: 'Different materials produce different amounts of friction.', 3: 'Political corruption is usually a charge aimed at developing countries.', 4: 'Some heat kills root rhizomes.', 5: 'A towny is an occupant.', 6: 'A fundamentalist is a Protestant.'}
| 2 |
1,887 |
["Whenever it is true that a soccer ball is a ball, 'most food becomes human consumption' is true.", "Whenever it is true that most food becomes human consumption, 'pyrotechnics produce irritating and obscuring smoke' is true.", "When most food becomes human consumption is true, it follows that the statement 'pyrotechnics produce irritating and obscuring smoke' can be considered false."]
|
Whenever it is true that a soccer ball is a ball, 'most food becomes human consumption' is true. Whenever it is true that most food becomes human consumption, 'pyrotechnics produce irritating and obscuring smoke' is true. When most food becomes human consumption is true, it follows that the statement 'pyrotechnics produce irritating and obscuring smoke' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'a soccer ball is a ball' can be considered false.
|
It is a common misconception that soccer balls come in different sizes according to age.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'A soccer ball is a ball.', 1: 'Most food becomes human consumption.', 2: 'Pyrotechnics produce irritating and obscuring smoke.'}
| 2 |
1,997 |
['The statement that states designer drugs are psychoactive drugs is false.', 'It is rational to believe that either some Gears have specialized systems for use in water and other environments or arrowheads delimit the cell plates.', "So long as some Gears have specialized systems for use in water and other environments, 'designer drugs are psychoactive drugs' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if arrowheads delimit the cell plates, then vital energy is the flow of energy through our bodies.']
|
The statement that states designer drugs are psychoactive drugs is false. It is rational to believe that either some Gears have specialized systems for use in water and other environments or arrowheads delimit the cell plates. So long as some Gears have specialized systems for use in water and other environments, 'designer drugs are psychoactive drugs' is true. One may reasonably assume that if arrowheads delimit the cell plates, then vital energy is the flow of energy through our bodies.
|
The claim that vital energy is the flow of energy through our bodies is true.
|
Vital energy is the catalytic spark that warms the seed and initiates growth.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Vital energy is the flow of energy through our bodies.', 1: 'Designer drugs are psychoactive drugs.', 2: 'Some Gears have specialized systems for use in water and other environments.', 3: 'Arrowheads delimit the cell plates.'}
| 2 |
1,825 |
['Once we know barnacles often live near mussel beds, we also know that if snails eat vegetables, then northern states have a shorter nesting season.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: if clay soils have very small particles and are capable of holding a great deal of water, then turtles eat snails, or it is not the case that if snails eat vegetables, then northern states have a shorter nesting season.', 'The claim that if clay soils have very small particles and are capable of holding a great deal of water, then turtles eat snails is false.']
|
Once we know barnacles often live near mussel beds, we also know that if snails eat vegetables, then northern states have a shorter nesting season. We know that at least one of two things is true: if clay soils have very small particles and are capable of holding a great deal of water, then turtles eat snails, or it is not the case that if snails eat vegetables, then northern states have a shorter nesting season. The claim that if clay soils have very small particles and are capable of holding a great deal of water, then turtles eat snails is false.
|
The notion that 'barnacles often live near mussel beds' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'barnacles often live near mussel beds' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Barnacles often live near mussel beds.', 1: 'Snails eat vegetables.', 2: 'Northern states have a shorter nesting season.', 3: 'Clay soils have very small particles and are capable of holding a great deal of water.', 4: 'Turtles eat snails.'}
| 2 |
1,056 |
['Either cynicism can reduce trust and the ability to form supportive relationships or if most family tradition contributes to life, then all loons have grayish plumage in winter, when immatures tend to resemble adults.', 'We know that either some babies leave the womb and enter the world with teeth already in place or the claim that cynicism can reduce trust and the ability to form supportive relationships has no merit.', 'The statement, some babies leave the womb and enter the world with teeth already in place, does not hold.']
|
Either cynicism can reduce trust and the ability to form supportive relationships or if most family tradition contributes to life, then all loons have grayish plumage in winter, when immatures tend to resemble adults. We know that either some babies leave the womb and enter the world with teeth already in place or the claim that cynicism can reduce trust and the ability to form supportive relationships has no merit. The statement, some babies leave the womb and enter the world with teeth already in place, does not hold.
|
On the condition that most family tradition contributes to life, it is definitely the case that all loons have grayish plumage in winter, when immatures tend to resemble adults.
|
The claim that if most family tradition contributes to life, then all loons have grayish plumage in winter, when immatures tend to resemble adults does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Most family tradition contributes to life.', 1: 'All loons have grayish plumage in winter, when immatures tend to resemble adults.', 2: 'Cynicism can reduce trust and the ability to form supportive relationships.', 3: 'Some babies leave the womb and enter the world with teeth already in place.'}
| 2 |
1,400 |
["The notion that 'if monk seals live in warm subtropical waters and spend two-thirds of their time at sea, then sexual harassment is a violation of professional ethics and federal and state laws' is untrue.", 'Once we know crop insurance is one of the most important risk management tools available to producers today, we also know that if if electricity flows through wire, then millipedes are most active at night and feed on the decaying plant material, then if monk seals live in warm subtropical waters and spend two-thirds of their time at sea, then sexual harassment is a violation of professional ethics and federal and state laws.', 'We can assume that crop insurance is one of the most important risk management tools available to producers today.']
|
The notion that 'if monk seals live in warm subtropical waters and spend two-thirds of their time at sea, then sexual harassment is a violation of professional ethics and federal and state laws' is untrue. Once we know crop insurance is one of the most important risk management tools available to producers today, we also know that if if electricity flows through wire, then millipedes are most active at night and feed on the decaying plant material, then if monk seals live in warm subtropical waters and spend two-thirds of their time at sea, then sexual harassment is a violation of professional ethics and federal and state laws. We can assume that crop insurance is one of the most important risk management tools available to producers today.
|
The statement that 'if electricity flows through wire, then millipedes are most active at night and feed on the decaying plant material' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'if electricity flows through wire, then millipedes are most active at night and feed on the decaying plant material' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then (If [2], then [3].). [SC1-1]
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If (If [0], then [1].), then (If [2], then [3].).).
[4]
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'Electricity flows through wire.', 1: 'Millipedes are most active at night and feed on the decaying plant material.', 2: 'Monk seals live in warm subtropical waters and spend two-thirds of their time at sea.', 3: 'Sexual harassment is a violation of professional ethics and federal and state laws.', 4: 'Crop insurance is one of the most important risk management tools available to producers today.'}
| 2 |
1,572 |
["Given that the statement that 'love is love The two couples said they have found love and respect in their relationships' is incorrect, it can be inferred that fleas can live for several months.", "So long as gnus have (part) faces, 'if the statement that 'love is love The two couples said they have found love and respect in their relationships' is incorrect, then some people mistakenly believe that fleas can live for several months' is true.", 'It is reasonable to believe that gnus have (part) faces.']
|
Given that the statement that 'love is love The two couples said they have found love and respect in their relationships' is incorrect, it can be inferred that fleas can live for several months. So long as gnus have (part) faces, 'if the statement that 'love is love The two couples said they have found love and respect in their relationships' is incorrect, then some people mistakenly believe that fleas can live for several months' is true. It is reasonable to believe that gnus have (part) faces.
|
It is true that love is love The two couples said they have found love and respect in their relationships.
|
Love requires acceptance of someone as they are, with their limitations and faults.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Love is love The two couples said they have found love and respect in their relationships.', 1: 'Fleas can live for several months.', 2: 'Gnus have (part) faces.'}
| 2 |
1,473 |
['It is rational to believe that either spiders are predators or either elements are the simplest type of a substance or free software tends to appeal to people who think for themselves.', 'If either elements are the simplest type of a substance or free software tends to appeal to people who think for themselves, then marathons are races.', 'It is a fact that either ticks have an equally bad reputation for transfer- ring diseases from one animal to another or if spiders are predators, then marathons are races.', 'The claim that ticks have an equally bad reputation for transfer- ring diseases from one animal to another has no merit.']
|
It is rational to believe that either spiders are predators or either elements are the simplest type of a substance or free software tends to appeal to people who think for themselves. If either elements are the simplest type of a substance or free software tends to appeal to people who think for themselves, then marathons are races. It is a fact that either ticks have an equally bad reputation for transfer- ring diseases from one animal to another or if spiders are predators, then marathons are races. The claim that ticks have an equally bad reputation for transfer- ring diseases from one animal to another has no merit.
|
Many people rightly believe that marathons are races.
|
The claim that marathons are races has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Marathons are races.', 1: 'Spiders are predators.', 2: 'Elements are the simplest type of a substance.', 3: 'Free software tends to appeal to people who think for themselves.', 4: 'Ticks have an equally bad reputation for transfer- ring diseases from one animal to another.'}
| 2 |
1,468 |
['One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if dishs are part of radio telescopes, then giraffes stand taller does not correspond with reality, then the statement that states some drugs can damage the cochlea, especially streptomycin, or excessive use of aspirin is false.', 'We know that either fathers have many children or bullfrogs have (part) plasma membranes.', "So long as fathers have many children, 'if the claim that if dishs are part of radio telescopes, then giraffes stand taller does not correspond with reality, then some drugs can damage the cochlea, especially streptomycin, or excessive use of aspirin' is true.", 'Given that bullfrogs have (part) plasma membranes, it can be inferred that if the claim that if dishs are part of radio telescopes, then giraffes stand taller does not correspond with reality, then some drugs can damage the cochlea, especially streptomycin, or excessive use of aspirin.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if dishs are part of radio telescopes, then giraffes stand taller does not correspond with reality, then the statement that states some drugs can damage the cochlea, especially streptomycin, or excessive use of aspirin is false. We know that either fathers have many children or bullfrogs have (part) plasma membranes. So long as fathers have many children, 'if the claim that if dishs are part of radio telescopes, then giraffes stand taller does not correspond with reality, then some drugs can damage the cochlea, especially streptomycin, or excessive use of aspirin' is true. Given that bullfrogs have (part) plasma membranes, it can be inferred that if the claim that if dishs are part of radio telescopes, then giraffes stand taller does not correspond with reality, then some drugs can damage the cochlea, especially streptomycin, or excessive use of aspirin.
|
Should it be the case that dishs are part of radio telescopes, it follows that giraffes stand taller.
|
The statement that 'if dishs are part of radio telescopes, then giraffes stand taller' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).
If [4], then (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Dishs are part of radio telescopes.', 1: 'Giraffes stand taller.', 2: 'Some drugs can damage the cochlea, especially streptomycin, or excessive use of aspirin.', 3: 'Fathers have many children.', 4: 'Bullfrogs have (part) plasma membranes.'}
| 2 |
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