id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
| depth
int64 1
7
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,671 |
['When the claim that some car mirrors are part of autos does not reflect reality is true, it follows that some wild animals eat snails.', 'If the claim that some car mirrors are part of autos does not reflect reality, then patients have hormones.', "Should it be the case that patients have hormones, it follows that the statement 'some wild animals eat snails' can be considered false."]
|
When the claim that some car mirrors are part of autos does not reflect reality is true, it follows that some wild animals eat snails. If the claim that some car mirrors are part of autos does not reflect reality, then patients have hormones. Should it be the case that patients have hormones, it follows that the statement 'some wild animals eat snails' can be considered false.
|
Those that suggest some car mirrors are part of autos are right.
|
Some car mirrors are part of cars.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Some car mirrors are part of autos.', 1: 'Some wild animals eat snails.', 2: 'Patients have hormones.'}
| 2 |
1,109 |
["The notion that 'either villains have (part) arms or love is objects' is untrue.", 'Provided that it is a common misconception that either either villains have (part) arms or love is objects or aunts have (part) corpi, we know that large proteins give more background signal than smaller proteins.', "The statement that 'large proteins give more background signal than smaller proteins' is incorrect."]
|
The notion that 'either villains have (part) arms or love is objects' is untrue. Provided that it is a common misconception that either either villains have (part) arms or love is objects or aunts have (part) corpi, we know that large proteins give more background signal than smaller proteins. The statement that 'large proteins give more background signal than smaller proteins' is incorrect.
|
The statement 'aunts have (part) corpi' is true.
|
The statement 'aunts have (part) corpi' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0]..
|
{0: 'Aunts have (part) corpi.', 1: 'Villains have (part) arms.', 2: 'Love is objects.', 3: 'Large proteins give more background signal than smaller proteins.'}
| 2 |
1,661 |
['The claim that either ethanol is vitally important to South Dakota or some pests use fertilizer does not correspond with reality.', "Once we know the statement that 'if angels keep the world safe for humming birds and butterflies and rainbows in spring, then either ethanol is vitally important to South Dakota or some pests use fertilizer' is incorrect, we also know that water flows across the gill filaments and oxygen is removed and passes into the blood by diffusion.", 'Those that suggest water flows across the gill filaments and oxygen is removed and passes into the blood by diffusion are wrong.']
|
The claim that either ethanol is vitally important to South Dakota or some pests use fertilizer does not correspond with reality. Once we know the statement that 'if angels keep the world safe for humming birds and butterflies and rainbows in spring, then either ethanol is vitally important to South Dakota or some pests use fertilizer' is incorrect, we also know that water flows across the gill filaments and oxygen is removed and passes into the blood by diffusion. Those that suggest water flows across the gill filaments and oxygen is removed and passes into the blood by diffusion are wrong.
|
The claim that angels keep the world safe for humming birds and butterflies and rainbows in spring is false.
|
It is rational to agree that angels keep the world safe for humming birds and butterflies and rainbows in spring.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Angels keep the world safe for humming birds and butterflies and rainbows in spring.', 1: 'Ethanol is vitally important to South Dakota.', 2: 'Some pests use fertilizer.', 3: 'Water flows across the gill filaments and oxygen is removed and passes into the blood by diffusion.'}
| 2 |
1,379 |
['Once we know winter can be very hard on bison, we also know that most sloths possess vertebrae.', 'Given that either nail infection is more frequent in both sexes with advancing age or flash drives use little power , compared to hard drives and have no moving parts , it can be inferred that most sloths possess vertebrae.', 'If the statement, either winter can be very hard on bison or either nail infection is more frequent in both sexes with advancing age or flash drives use little power , compared to hard drives and have no moving parts , does not hold, then some black carapaces have skin.', 'The statement, some black carapaces have skin, does not hold.']
|
Once we know winter can be very hard on bison, we also know that most sloths possess vertebrae. Given that either nail infection is more frequent in both sexes with advancing age or flash drives use little power , compared to hard drives and have no moving parts , it can be inferred that most sloths possess vertebrae. If the statement, either winter can be very hard on bison or either nail infection is more frequent in both sexes with advancing age or flash drives use little power , compared to hard drives and have no moving parts , does not hold, then some black carapaces have skin. The statement, some black carapaces have skin, does not hold.
|
We can assume that most sloths possess vertebrae.
|
Those that suggest most sloths possess vertebrae are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Most sloths possess vertebrae.', 1: 'Winter can be very hard on bison.', 2: 'Nail infection is more frequent in both sexes with advancing age.', 3: 'Flash drives use little power , compared to hard drives and have no moving parts .', 4: 'Some black carapaces have skin.'}
| 2 |
1,625 |
['We can assume that gall consists of a mass of brown, moss-like filaments covering a hard kernel.', 'Given that guys know guys, it can be inferred that if gall consists of a mass of brown, moss-like filaments covering a hard kernel, then those that suggest molars are tritubercular are wrong.', 'The claim that guys know guys is true.']
|
We can assume that gall consists of a mass of brown, moss-like filaments covering a hard kernel. Given that guys know guys, it can be inferred that if gall consists of a mass of brown, moss-like filaments covering a hard kernel, then those that suggest molars are tritubercular are wrong. The claim that guys know guys is true.
|
Those that suggest molars are tritubercular are wrong.
|
We know that the claim that molars have (part) cell membranes is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
[2]
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Molars are tritubercular .', 1: 'Gall consists of a mass of brown, moss-like filaments covering a hard kernel.', 2: 'Guys know guys.'}
| 2 |
1,603 |
['Assuming the claim that most mosquitoes live in wetland is false, we know that if thorns are numerous, falcate, and borne on rigid twigs, then some cats provide milk.', 'Given that the claim that most mosquitoes live in wetland is false, it can be inferred that children slowly reach maturity through different areas of growth.', 'Once we know children slowly reach maturity through different areas of growth, we also know that it is a common misconception that if thorns are numerous, falcate, and borne on rigid twigs, then some cats provide milk.']
|
Assuming the claim that most mosquitoes live in wetland is false, we know that if thorns are numerous, falcate, and borne on rigid twigs, then some cats provide milk. Given that the claim that most mosquitoes live in wetland is false, it can be inferred that children slowly reach maturity through different areas of growth. Once we know children slowly reach maturity through different areas of growth, we also know that it is a common misconception that if thorns are numerous, falcate, and borne on rigid twigs, then some cats provide milk.
|
It is the case that most mosquitoes live in wetland.
|
Mosquitoes dislike citronella because it irritates their feet.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3].
If [3], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Most mosquitoes live in wetland.', 1: 'Thorns are numerous, falcate, and borne on rigid twigs.', 2: 'Some cats provide milk.', 3: 'Children slowly reach maturity through different areas of growth.'}
| 2 |
1,092 |
["Should it be the case that tears come from our eyes when the eyes are irritated with dust, it follows that the claim that weeds rob any soil's grow power by crowding out the fruit-bearing plants does not correspond with reality.", "Given that the claim that if tears come from our eyes when the eyes are irritated with dust, then weeds rob any soil's grow power by crowding out the fruit-bearing plants has no merit, it can be inferred that cats are no longer 'bred', they are 'genetically engineered'.", "We know that the claim that cats are no longer 'bred', they are 'genetically engineered' is false."]
|
Should it be the case that tears come from our eyes when the eyes are irritated with dust, it follows that the claim that weeds rob any soil's grow power by crowding out the fruit-bearing plants does not correspond with reality. Given that the claim that if tears come from our eyes when the eyes are irritated with dust, then weeds rob any soil's grow power by crowding out the fruit-bearing plants has no merit, it can be inferred that cats are no longer 'bred', they are 'genetically engineered'. We know that the claim that cats are no longer 'bred', they are 'genetically engineered' is false.
|
The claim that tears come from our eyes when the eyes are irritated with dust is false.
|
The statement that states tear isa indefinite quantity is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Tears come from our eyes when the eyes are irritated with dust.', 1: "Weeds rob any soil's grow power by crowding out the fruit-bearing plants.", 2: "Cats are no longer 'bred', they are 'genetically engineered'."}
| 2 |
1,451 |
["Whenever it is true that pet dingos live in urban areas, 'it is not the case that clay County is part of the northeastern Arkansas economy and infrastructure' is true.", 'We know that either veterinary medicine has an important place in food safety or if flasks are located in labs, then most batteries supply electricity.', 'Assuming veterinary medicine has an important place in food safety, we know that pet dingos live in urban areas.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if flasks are located in labs, then most batteries supply electricity, then pet dingos live in urban areas.']
|
Whenever it is true that pet dingos live in urban areas, 'it is not the case that clay County is part of the northeastern Arkansas economy and infrastructure' is true. We know that either veterinary medicine has an important place in food safety or if flasks are located in labs, then most batteries supply electricity. Assuming veterinary medicine has an important place in food safety, we know that pet dingos live in urban areas. One may reasonably assume that if if flasks are located in labs, then most batteries supply electricity, then pet dingos live in urban areas.
|
It is not the case that clay County is part of the northeastern Arkansas economy and infrastructure.
|
The idea that clay County is part of the northeastern Arkansas economy and infrastructure is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then [1].
If (If [3], then [4].), then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Clay County is part of the northeastern Arkansas economy and infrastructure.', 1: 'Pet dingos live in urban areas.', 2: 'Veterinary medicine has an important place in food safety.', 3: 'Flasks are located in labs.', 4: 'Most batteries supply electricity.'}
| 2 |
1,652 |
['Assuming tropical birds are also very numerous, we know that the statement that states ostriches react quickly to rain and the availability of food is false.', 'Once we know stalls are malfunctions, we also know that if tropical birds are also very numerous, then ostriches react quickly to rain and the availability of food.', 'We can assume that stalls are malfunctions.']
|
Assuming tropical birds are also very numerous, we know that the statement that states ostriches react quickly to rain and the availability of food is false. Once we know stalls are malfunctions, we also know that if tropical birds are also very numerous, then ostriches react quickly to rain and the availability of food. We can assume that stalls are malfunctions.
|
The statement that 'tropical birds are also very numerous' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'tropical birds are also very numerous' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Tropical birds are also very numerous.', 1: 'Ostriches react quickly to rain and the availability of food.', 2: 'Stalls are malfunctions.'}
| 2 |
1,822 |
['Given that it is not the case that surface areas absorb energy, it can be inferred that the claim that if color resolution describes the number of colors the monitor can display at one time, then toxicology is the basic science of toxins and their adverse effects on living organisms is false.', 'Once we know ethanol contains moderate concentrations of sulphur, thus it negatively impacts the environment, we also know that if it is not the case that surface areas absorb energy, then if color resolution describes the number of colors the monitor can display at one time, then toxicology is the basic science of toxins and their adverse effects on living organisms.', "The statement 'ethanol contains moderate concentrations of sulphur, thus it negatively impacts the environment' is true."]
|
Given that it is not the case that surface areas absorb energy, it can be inferred that the claim that if color resolution describes the number of colors the monitor can display at one time, then toxicology is the basic science of toxins and their adverse effects on living organisms is false. Once we know ethanol contains moderate concentrations of sulphur, thus it negatively impacts the environment, we also know that if it is not the case that surface areas absorb energy, then if color resolution describes the number of colors the monitor can display at one time, then toxicology is the basic science of toxins and their adverse effects on living organisms. The statement 'ethanol contains moderate concentrations of sulphur, thus it negatively impacts the environment' is true.
|
Many people rightly believe that surface areas absorb energy.
|
Many people rightly believe that surface areas absorb energy.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Surface areas absorb energy.', 1: 'Color resolution describes the number of colors the monitor can display at one time.', 2: 'Toxicology is the basic science of toxins and their adverse effects on living organisms.', 3: 'Ethanol contains moderate concentrations of sulphur, thus it negatively impacts the environment.'}
| 2 |
1,855 |
['If molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to existing concentration gradients, then allergic reactions are hyperactive responses of the immune system to generally innocuous substances.', 'There is good reason to believe that either breast cancer is staged according to size of the tumor, and lymph nodes and other organ involvement or tree roots require oxygen to develop and thrive.', "Once we know breast cancer is staged according to size of the tumor, and lymph nodes and other organ involvement, we also know that if molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to existing concentration gradients, then the notion that 'allergic reactions are hyperactive responses of the immune system to generally innocuous substances' is untrue.", "On the condition that tree roots require oxygen to develop and thrive, it is definitely the case that if molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to existing concentration gradients, then the notion that 'allergic reactions are hyperactive responses of the immune system to generally innocuous substances' is untrue."]
|
If molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to existing concentration gradients, then allergic reactions are hyperactive responses of the immune system to generally innocuous substances. There is good reason to believe that either breast cancer is staged according to size of the tumor, and lymph nodes and other organ involvement or tree roots require oxygen to develop and thrive. Once we know breast cancer is staged according to size of the tumor, and lymph nodes and other organ involvement, we also know that if molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to existing concentration gradients, then the notion that 'allergic reactions are hyperactive responses of the immune system to generally innocuous substances' is untrue. On the condition that tree roots require oxygen to develop and thrive, it is definitely the case that if molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to existing concentration gradients, then the notion that 'allergic reactions are hyperactive responses of the immune system to generally innocuous substances' is untrue.
|
The claim that molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to existing concentration gradients does not correspond with reality.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that molecules compose our bodies.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
If [3], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Molecules constantly collide and tend to move according to existing concentration gradients.', 1: 'Allergic reactions are hyperactive responses of the immune system to generally innocuous substances.', 2: 'Breast cancer is staged according to size of the tumor, and lymph nodes and other organ involvement.', 3: 'Tree roots require oxygen to develop and thrive.'}
| 2 |
1,390 |
['We know that either child poverty is the result of family poverty or dancing also increases cognitive acuity at all ages.', "Assuming dancing also increases cognitive acuity at all ages, we know that the notion that 'if horses consume lush clover, then vegetables are healthy for everyone, including people with diabetes' is untrue.", "We know that at least one of two things is true: sea nettles have brown color, or if child poverty is the result of family poverty, then the notion that 'if horses consume lush clover, then vegetables are healthy for everyone, including people with diabetes' is untrue.", 'It is not true that sea nettles have brown color.']
|
We know that either child poverty is the result of family poverty or dancing also increases cognitive acuity at all ages. Assuming dancing also increases cognitive acuity at all ages, we know that the notion that 'if horses consume lush clover, then vegetables are healthy for everyone, including people with diabetes' is untrue. We know that at least one of two things is true: sea nettles have brown color, or if child poverty is the result of family poverty, then the notion that 'if horses consume lush clover, then vegetables are healthy for everyone, including people with diabetes' is untrue. It is not true that sea nettles have brown color.
|
The notion that 'if horses consume lush clover, then vegetables are healthy for everyone, including people with diabetes' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'if horses consume lush clover, then vegetables are healthy for everyone, including people with diabetes' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Horses consume lush clover.', 1: 'Vegetables are healthy for everyone, including people with diabetes.', 2: 'Child poverty is the result of family poverty.', 3: 'Dancing also increases cognitive acuity at all ages.', 4: 'Sea nettles have brown color.'}
| 2 |
1,577 |
['Either cats lick themselves more than dogs or a signalman is a communicator.', "Whenever it is true that either cats lick themselves more than dogs or a signalman is a communicator, 'many factors enter into weight loss, including the psychological, the biochemical and genetic' is true.", "So long as many factors enter into weight loss, including the psychological, the biochemical and genetic, 'those that suggest either asian dams continue to proliferate or dendritic cells are part of the immune system are wrong' is true."]
|
Either cats lick themselves more than dogs or a signalman is a communicator. Whenever it is true that either cats lick themselves more than dogs or a signalman is a communicator, 'many factors enter into weight loss, including the psychological, the biochemical and genetic' is true. So long as many factors enter into weight loss, including the psychological, the biochemical and genetic, 'those that suggest either asian dams continue to proliferate or dendritic cells are part of the immune system are wrong' is true.
|
Those that suggest either asian dams continue to proliferate or dendritic cells are part of the immune system are wrong.
|
It is a common misconception that vegetables are located in fridges.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-1]
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [4].
If [4], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Asian dams continue to proliferate.', 1: 'Dendritic cells are part of the immune system.', 2: 'Cats lick themselves more than dogs.', 3: 'A signalman is a communicator.', 4: 'Many factors enter into weight loss, including the psychological, the biochemical and genetic.'}
| 2 |
1,985 |
['When the statement, red dragons can cast spells, breath fire and do powerful wing buffs, does not hold is true, it follows that either love means making another person happy, even at the cost of our own happiness or flowers treat eczema and catarrh from allergies.', 'Should it be the case that the statement, red dragons can cast spells, breath fire and do powerful wing buffs, does not hold, it follows that bike shoes are good because they have rigid soles and spread the pedal pressure evenly.', 'Given that bike shoes are good because they have rigid soles and spread the pedal pressure evenly, it can be inferred that the claim that either love means making another person happy, even at the cost of our own happiness or flowers treat eczema and catarrh from allergies does not correspond with reality.']
|
When the statement, red dragons can cast spells, breath fire and do powerful wing buffs, does not hold is true, it follows that either love means making another person happy, even at the cost of our own happiness or flowers treat eczema and catarrh from allergies. Should it be the case that the statement, red dragons can cast spells, breath fire and do powerful wing buffs, does not hold, it follows that bike shoes are good because they have rigid soles and spread the pedal pressure evenly. Given that bike shoes are good because they have rigid soles and spread the pedal pressure evenly, it can be inferred that the claim that either love means making another person happy, even at the cost of our own happiness or flowers treat eczema and catarrh from allergies does not correspond with reality.
|
We can assume that red dragons can cast spells, breath fire and do powerful wing buffs.
|
Those that suggest red dragons can cast spells, breath fire and do powerful wing buffs are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3].
If [3], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Red dragons can cast spells, breath fire and do powerful wing buffs.', 1: 'Love means making another person happy, even at the cost of our own happiness.', 2: 'Flowers treat eczema and catarrh from allergies.', 3: 'Bike shoes are good because they have rigid soles and spread the pedal pressure evenly.'}
| 2 |
1,422 |
['If some ferrets complete skeletal growth, then recycling saves large amounts of energy.', "So long as many rivers change names numerous times over their length, 'recycling saves large amounts of energy' is true.", "Whenever it is true that those that suggest either some ferrets complete skeletal growth or many rivers change names numerous times over their length are wrong, 'an amblyopia is disability' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if those that suggest either some ferrets complete skeletal growth or many rivers change names numerous times over their length are wrong, then it is a common misconception that an amblyopia is disability.']
|
If some ferrets complete skeletal growth, then recycling saves large amounts of energy. So long as many rivers change names numerous times over their length, 'recycling saves large amounts of energy' is true. Whenever it is true that those that suggest either some ferrets complete skeletal growth or many rivers change names numerous times over their length are wrong, 'an amblyopia is disability' is true. One may reasonably assume that if those that suggest either some ferrets complete skeletal growth or many rivers change names numerous times over their length are wrong, then it is a common misconception that an amblyopia is disability.
|
It is a simple truth that recycling saves large amounts of energy.
|
It is a simple truth that recycling saves large amounts of energy.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Recycling saves large amounts of energy.', 1: 'Some ferrets complete skeletal growth.', 2: 'Many rivers change names numerous times over their length.', 3: 'An amblyopia is disability.'}
| 2 |
1,211 |
["One may reasonably assume that if if mulches serve many purposes, then eye injuries are also common for children's participation sports, then noodles are chinese food.", 'One may reasonably assume that if hypermarket isa supermarket, then noodles are chinese food.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: if soil acidity encourages mineral decomposition and the overall development of the soil profile, then faith is an example of taking results out of the future, or green anoles move freely and range widely, but usually only within their territorial domains.', "One may reasonably assume that if if soil acidity encourages mineral decomposition and the overall development of the soil profile, then faith is an example of taking results out of the future, then if mulches serve many purposes, then eye injuries are also common for children's participation sports.", 'Once we know green anoles move freely and range widely, but usually only within their territorial domains, we also know that hypermarket isa supermarket.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if if mulches serve many purposes, then eye injuries are also common for children's participation sports, then noodles are chinese food. One may reasonably assume that if hypermarket isa supermarket, then noodles are chinese food. We know that at least one of two things is true: if soil acidity encourages mineral decomposition and the overall development of the soil profile, then faith is an example of taking results out of the future, or green anoles move freely and range widely, but usually only within their territorial domains. One may reasonably assume that if if soil acidity encourages mineral decomposition and the overall development of the soil profile, then faith is an example of taking results out of the future, then if mulches serve many purposes, then eye injuries are also common for children's participation sports. Once we know green anoles move freely and range widely, but usually only within their territorial domains, we also know that hypermarket isa supermarket.
|
It is true that noodles are chinese food.
|
It is not true that noodles are chinese food.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3]. [SC1-1]
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (If [4], then [5].) or [6].
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If [6], then [3].
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3]..
|
{0: 'Noodles are chinese food.', 1: 'Mulches serve many purposes.', 2: "Eye injuries are also common for children's participation sports.", 3: 'Hypermarket isa supermarket.', 4: 'Soil acidity encourages mineral decomposition and the overall development of the soil profile.', 5: 'Faith is an example of taking results out of the future.', 6: 'Green anoles move freely and range widely, but usually only within their territorial domains.'}
| 2 |
1,171 |
['Given that the claim that most nations sell goods does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that foxgloves have (part) corpi.', "Given that pattern formation concerns the processes by which cells acquire positional information, it can be inferred that if the claim that most nations sell goods does not correspond with reality, then the statement that 'foxgloves have (part) corpi' is incorrect.", 'pattern formation concerns the processes by which cells acquire positional information.']
|
Given that the claim that most nations sell goods does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that foxgloves have (part) corpi. Given that pattern formation concerns the processes by which cells acquire positional information, it can be inferred that if the claim that most nations sell goods does not correspond with reality, then the statement that 'foxgloves have (part) corpi' is incorrect. pattern formation concerns the processes by which cells acquire positional information.
|
Many people rightly believe that most nations sell goods.
|
The claim that most nations sell goods has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most nations sell goods.', 1: 'Foxgloves have (part) corpi.', 2: 'Pattern formation concerns the processes by which cells acquire positional information.'}
| 2 |
1,165 |
['Given that slavery is daily rape, it can be inferred that skin also functions as a cooling system and helps regulate internal body temperature.', "Assuming many straight men call women they're attracted to cute, we know that skin also functions as a cooling system and helps regulate internal body temperature.", 'There is good reason to believe that either information concerns states or pray mantises have ranges.', 'Provided that information concerns states, we know that slavery is daily rape.', "Assuming pray mantises have ranges, we know that many straight men call women they're attracted to cute."]
|
Given that slavery is daily rape, it can be inferred that skin also functions as a cooling system and helps regulate internal body temperature. Assuming many straight men call women they're attracted to cute, we know that skin also functions as a cooling system and helps regulate internal body temperature. There is good reason to believe that either information concerns states or pray mantises have ranges. Provided that information concerns states, we know that slavery is daily rape. Assuming pray mantises have ranges, we know that many straight men call women they're attracted to cute.
|
The statement that states skin also functions as a cooling system and helps regulate internal body temperature is right.
|
The statement that states skin also functions as a cooling system and helps regulate internal body temperature is right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [1].
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Skin also functions as a cooling system and helps regulate internal body temperature.', 1: 'Slavery is daily rape.', 2: "Many straight men call women they're attracted to cute.", 3: 'Information concerns states.', 4: 'Pray mantises have ranges.'}
| 2 |
1,238 |
["The statement 'electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through space in a similar manner' is true.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: test strip is a trial and error method of calculating exposure in photographic printing, or most chinese pangolins have small point heads.', 'If test strip is a trial and error method of calculating exposure in photographic printing, then if electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through space in a similar manner, then linear algebra is algebra.', 'Given that most chinese pangolins have small point heads, it can be inferred that if electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through space in a similar manner, then linear algebra is algebra.']
|
The statement 'electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through space in a similar manner' is true. Either one or both of these statements are true: test strip is a trial and error method of calculating exposure in photographic printing, or most chinese pangolins have small point heads. If test strip is a trial and error method of calculating exposure in photographic printing, then if electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through space in a similar manner, then linear algebra is algebra. Given that most chinese pangolins have small point heads, it can be inferred that if electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through space in a similar manner, then linear algebra is algebra.
|
The claim that linear algebra is algebra holds true.
|
The claim that linear algebra is algebra holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Linear algebra is algebra.', 1: 'Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through space in a similar manner.', 2: 'Test strip is a trial and error method of calculating exposure in photographic printing.', 3: 'Most chinese pangolins have small point heads.'}
| 2 |
1,188 |
['Provided that the statement, gerbils have (part) plasma membranes, does not hold, we know that we know that the claim that nonhuman primates are also particularly sensitive to stress from excitement is false.', 'Assuming the statement, gerbils have (part) plasma membranes, does not hold, we know that federal statutes governs the reproduction of intellectual property in any medium or format.', 'Once we know federal statutes governs the reproduction of intellectual property in any medium or format, we also know that nonhuman primates are also particularly sensitive to stress from excitement.']
|
Provided that the statement, gerbils have (part) plasma membranes, does not hold, we know that we know that the claim that nonhuman primates are also particularly sensitive to stress from excitement is false. Assuming the statement, gerbils have (part) plasma membranes, does not hold, we know that federal statutes governs the reproduction of intellectual property in any medium or format. Once we know federal statutes governs the reproduction of intellectual property in any medium or format, we also know that nonhuman primates are also particularly sensitive to stress from excitement.
|
The statement 'gerbils have (part) plasma membranes' can be considered true.
|
Gerbils stop producing young around the age of two and a half years.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Gerbils have (part) plasma membranes.', 1: 'Nonhuman primates are also particularly sensitive to stress from excitement.', 2: 'Federal statutes governs the reproduction of intellectual property in any medium or format.'}
| 2 |
1,685 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: diseases are located in hosts, or tuvalu isa thing.', 'Once we know diseases are located in hosts, we also know that either spinner dolphins feed on small fish and squid, often several hundred feet down or biodiversity comes to fruition in restoration ecology.', 'The claim that either spinner dolphins feed on small fish and squid, often several hundred feet down or biodiversity comes to fruition in restoration ecology does not reflect reality.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: diseases are located in hosts, or tuvalu isa thing. Once we know diseases are located in hosts, we also know that either spinner dolphins feed on small fish and squid, often several hundred feet down or biodiversity comes to fruition in restoration ecology. The claim that either spinner dolphins feed on small fish and squid, often several hundred feet down or biodiversity comes to fruition in restoration ecology does not reflect reality.
|
Those that suggest tuvalu isa thing are right.
|
Those that suggest tuvalu isa thing are right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Tuvalu isa thing.', 1: 'Diseases are located in hosts.', 2: 'Spinner dolphins feed on small fish and squid, often several hundred feet down.', 3: 'Biodiversity comes to fruition in restoration ecology.'}
| 2 |
1,803 |
['When young plants form a rosette is true, it follows that those that suggest parrots have strong claws on their feet for gripping perches are wrong.', 'At least one of two things is true: either cilia are found in species in the Phylum Ciliophora or members live in areas, or some tummies break down proteins.', 'Once we know either cilia are found in species in the Phylum Ciliophora or members live in areas, we also know that if young plants form a rosette, then parrots have strong claws on their feet for gripping perches.', 'Given that some tummies break down proteins, it can be inferred that if young plants form a rosette, then parrots have strong claws on their feet for gripping perches.']
|
When young plants form a rosette is true, it follows that those that suggest parrots have strong claws on their feet for gripping perches are wrong. At least one of two things is true: either cilia are found in species in the Phylum Ciliophora or members live in areas, or some tummies break down proteins. Once we know either cilia are found in species in the Phylum Ciliophora or members live in areas, we also know that if young plants form a rosette, then parrots have strong claws on their feet for gripping perches. Given that some tummies break down proteins, it can be inferred that if young plants form a rosette, then parrots have strong claws on their feet for gripping perches.
|
The statement, young plants form a rosette, does not hold.
|
The claim that young plants are first globular, then barrel-shaped, but more slender than fishhook barrels is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If [0], then [1].).
If [4], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Young plants form a rosette.', 1: 'Parrots have strong claws on their feet for gripping perches.', 2: 'Cilia are found in species in the Phylum Ciliophora.', 3: 'Members live in areas.', 4: 'Some tummies break down proteins.'}
| 2 |
1,344 |
['Either either information describes patterns or deer tend to be more active at night than during the day or cycling is totally free of emissions and is known as the most energy efficient means of transport.', 'Given that either information describes patterns or deer tend to be more active at night than during the day, it can be inferred that cells tend to be relatively alkaline internally living within relatively acid fluid.', 'It is rational to believe that either most birds have flat sterna or if cycling is totally free of emissions and is known as the most energy efficient means of transport, then cells tend to be relatively alkaline internally living within relatively acid fluid.', 'The statement, most birds have flat sterna, does not hold.']
|
Either either information describes patterns or deer tend to be more active at night than during the day or cycling is totally free of emissions and is known as the most energy efficient means of transport. Given that either information describes patterns or deer tend to be more active at night than during the day, it can be inferred that cells tend to be relatively alkaline internally living within relatively acid fluid. It is rational to believe that either most birds have flat sterna or if cycling is totally free of emissions and is known as the most energy efficient means of transport, then cells tend to be relatively alkaline internally living within relatively acid fluid. The statement, most birds have flat sterna, does not hold.
|
The statement 'cells tend to be relatively alkaline internally living within relatively acid fluid' is true.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that cells tend to be relatively alkaline internally living within relatively acid fluid.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [3], then [0].).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Cells tend to be relatively alkaline internally living within relatively acid fluid.', 1: 'Information describes patterns.', 2: 'Deer tend to be more active at night than during the day.', 3: 'Cycling is totally free of emissions and is known as the most energy efficient means of transport.', 4: 'Most birds have flat sterna.'}
| 2 |
1,741 |
['It is a fact that either sufficient insulin is produced so that cells can access the glucose in the bloodstream or if small mammals play roles, then crawlers are flat, pale insects with conspicuous legs and antennae.', 'On the condition that if small mammals play roles, then crawlers are flat, pale insects with conspicuous legs and antennae, it is definitely the case that if evolution influences ecological outcomes, then domain names serve as a convenient way of locating information and people on the Internet.', 'Should it be the case that we know that the claim that if sufficient insulin is produced so that cells can access the glucose in the bloodstream, then if evolution influences ecological outcomes, then domain names serve as a convenient way of locating information and people on the Internet is false, it follows that sex chromosomes define gender.', "So long as we know that the claim that if sufficient insulin is produced so that cells can access the glucose in the bloodstream, then if evolution influences ecological outcomes, then domain names serve as a convenient way of locating information and people on the Internet is false, 'the statement 'sex chromosomes define gender' can be considered false' is true."]
|
It is a fact that either sufficient insulin is produced so that cells can access the glucose in the bloodstream or if small mammals play roles, then crawlers are flat, pale insects with conspicuous legs and antennae. On the condition that if small mammals play roles, then crawlers are flat, pale insects with conspicuous legs and antennae, it is definitely the case that if evolution influences ecological outcomes, then domain names serve as a convenient way of locating information and people on the Internet. Should it be the case that we know that the claim that if sufficient insulin is produced so that cells can access the glucose in the bloodstream, then if evolution influences ecological outcomes, then domain names serve as a convenient way of locating information and people on the Internet is false, it follows that sex chromosomes define gender. So long as we know that the claim that if sufficient insulin is produced so that cells can access the glucose in the bloodstream, then if evolution influences ecological outcomes, then domain names serve as a convenient way of locating information and people on the Internet is false, 'the statement 'sex chromosomes define gender' can be considered false' is true.
|
One may reasonably assume that if evolution influences ecological outcomes, then domain names serve as a convenient way of locating information and people on the Internet.
|
One may reasonably assume that if evolution influences ecological outcomes, then domain names serve as a convenient way of locating information and people on the Internet.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC2-1]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then [5].
If (Not (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Not [5].).
Therefore, If [2], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Evolution influences ecological outcomes.', 1: 'Domain names serve as a convenient way of locating information and people on the Internet.', 2: 'Sufficient insulin is produced so that cells can access the glucose in the bloodstream.', 3: 'Small mammals play roles.', 4: 'Crawlers are flat, pale insects with conspicuous legs and antennae.', 5: 'Sex chromosomes define gender.'}
| 2 |
1,453 |
['It is not true that farmland operates in most states, divided into five regions.', 'Should it be the case that temperature is an important and often neglected element in the discussion of water supplies, it follows that if most reptiles have bones, then farmland operates in most states, divided into five regions.', 'The claim that temperature is an important and often neglected element in the discussion of water supplies is true.']
|
It is not true that farmland operates in most states, divided into five regions. Should it be the case that temperature is an important and often neglected element in the discussion of water supplies, it follows that if most reptiles have bones, then farmland operates in most states, divided into five regions. The claim that temperature is an important and often neglected element in the discussion of water supplies is true.
|
It is not the case that most reptiles have bones.
|
It is the case that most reptiles have bones.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most reptiles have bones.', 1: 'Farmland operates in most states, divided into five regions.', 2: 'Temperature is an important and often neglected element in the discussion of water supplies.'}
| 2 |
1,646 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that abstinence make the palate grow fonder.', 'Assuming the claim that if the claim that most health promotes social development is false, then abstinence make the palate grow fonder does not reflect reality, we know that water voles excavate extensive burrow systems into the banks of waterways.', 'Given that the claim that if the claim that most health promotes social development is false, then abstinence make the palate grow fonder does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that the claim that water voles excavate extensive burrow systems into the banks of waterways does not reflect reality.']
|
Some people mistakenly believe that abstinence make the palate grow fonder. Assuming the claim that if the claim that most health promotes social development is false, then abstinence make the palate grow fonder does not reflect reality, we know that water voles excavate extensive burrow systems into the banks of waterways. Given that the claim that if the claim that most health promotes social development is false, then abstinence make the palate grow fonder does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that the claim that water voles excavate extensive burrow systems into the banks of waterways does not reflect reality.
|
The idea that most health promotes social development is true.
|
The idea that most health promotes social development is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most health promotes social development.', 1: 'Abstinence make the palate grow fonder.', 2: 'Water voles excavate extensive burrow systems into the banks of waterways.'}
| 2 |
1,830 |
['When either many states allow dress codes unless they are unreasonable or discriminatory or sand cats are mammals is true, it follows that recycling is the processing of an existing item into a raw material for use in a new product.', 'We know that either flaxseed also promotes strong nails, bones and healthy skin or onion sets are small, dormant onion bulbs that are ready to be planted outdoors.', 'Provided that flaxseed also promotes strong nails, bones and healthy skin, we know that many states allow dress codes unless they are unreasonable or discriminatory.', 'If onion sets are small, dormant onion bulbs that are ready to be planted outdoors, then sand cats are mammals.']
|
When either many states allow dress codes unless they are unreasonable or discriminatory or sand cats are mammals is true, it follows that recycling is the processing of an existing item into a raw material for use in a new product. We know that either flaxseed also promotes strong nails, bones and healthy skin or onion sets are small, dormant onion bulbs that are ready to be planted outdoors. Provided that flaxseed also promotes strong nails, bones and healthy skin, we know that many states allow dress codes unless they are unreasonable or discriminatory. If onion sets are small, dormant onion bulbs that are ready to be planted outdoors, then sand cats are mammals.
|
It is fair to say that recycling is the processing of an existing item into a raw material for use in a new product.
|
It is fair to say that recycling is the processing of an existing item into a raw material for use in a new product.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [1].
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Recycling is the processing of an existing item into a raw material for use in a new product.', 1: 'Many states allow dress codes unless they are unreasonable or discriminatory.', 2: 'Sand cats are mammals.', 3: 'Flaxseed also promotes strong nails, bones and healthy skin.', 4: 'Onion sets are small, dormant onion bulbs that are ready to be planted outdoors.'}
| 2 |
1,155 |
['Given that if some macaws use fingers, then pacifists pay taxes that go to buy missiles, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that scent is a powerful motivator for cats.', 'It is a fact that either corals can survive occasional short-term siltation events or if some macaws use fingers, then pacifists pay taxes that go to buy missiles.', 'Those that suggest corals can survive occasional short-term siltation events are wrong.']
|
Given that if some macaws use fingers, then pacifists pay taxes that go to buy missiles, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that scent is a powerful motivator for cats. It is a fact that either corals can survive occasional short-term siltation events or if some macaws use fingers, then pacifists pay taxes that go to buy missiles. Those that suggest corals can survive occasional short-term siltation events are wrong.
|
It is a common misconception that scent is a powerful motivator for cats.
|
It is a common misconception that scent is a powerful motivator for cats.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [1], then [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [1], then [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Scent is a powerful motivator for cats.', 1: 'Some macaws use fingers.', 2: 'Pacifists pay taxes that go to buy missiles.', 3: 'Corals can survive occasional short-term siltation events.'}
| 2 |
1,487 |
["Whenever it is true that impalas have (part) cytoplasm, 'most teens encounter the issue of suicide during their teen years' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if most teens encounter the issue of suicide during their teen years, then convection currents take up nearly one-third of the outer portion of the sun.', 'On the condition that most teens encounter the issue of suicide during their teen years, it is definitely the case that the claim that convection currents take up nearly one-third of the outer portion of the sun is false.']
|
Whenever it is true that impalas have (part) cytoplasm, 'most teens encounter the issue of suicide during their teen years' is true. One may reasonably assume that if most teens encounter the issue of suicide during their teen years, then convection currents take up nearly one-third of the outer portion of the sun. On the condition that most teens encounter the issue of suicide during their teen years, it is definitely the case that the claim that convection currents take up nearly one-third of the outer portion of the sun is false.
|
We know that the claim that impalas have (part) cytoplasm is false.
|
The claim that impalas have (part) hoofs does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Impalas have (part) cytoplasm.', 1: 'Most teens encounter the issue of suicide during their teen years.', 2: 'Convection currents take up nearly one-third of the outer portion of the sun.'}
| 2 |
1,597 |
['Assuming if music is created by blending different notes and rhythms, dance of different movements, then snooks have (part) brains, we know that the claim that car racing is one of the newest and most frequently witnessed form of squirrel hazing does not correspond with reality.', 'Should it be the case that if music is created by blending different notes and rhythms, dance of different movements, then snooks have (part) brains, it follows that coral reefs contain rich biodiversity, providing homes and food for a myriad of organisms.', 'Provided that coral reefs contain rich biodiversity, providing homes and food for a myriad of organisms, we know that car racing is one of the newest and most frequently witnessed form of squirrel hazing.']
|
Assuming if music is created by blending different notes and rhythms, dance of different movements, then snooks have (part) brains, we know that the claim that car racing is one of the newest and most frequently witnessed form of squirrel hazing does not correspond with reality. Should it be the case that if music is created by blending different notes and rhythms, dance of different movements, then snooks have (part) brains, it follows that coral reefs contain rich biodiversity, providing homes and food for a myriad of organisms. Provided that coral reefs contain rich biodiversity, providing homes and food for a myriad of organisms, we know that car racing is one of the newest and most frequently witnessed form of squirrel hazing.
|
The statement 'if music is created by blending different notes and rhythms, dance of different movements, then snooks have (part) brains' can be considered false.
|
We know that the claim that music is something with which almost all people are familiar is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [3].
If [3], then [2].
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Music is created by blending different notes and rhythms, dance of different movements.', 1: 'Snooks have (part) brains.', 2: 'Car racing is one of the newest and most frequently witnessed form of squirrel hazing.', 3: 'Coral reefs contain rich biodiversity, providing homes and food for a myriad of organisms.'}
| 2 |
1,988 |
['The statement that states some animals insulate their bodies with extra layers of fat and fur is right.', "Either butterflies are active at night or either markets are men's business, from very young boys to very old codgers or most ants have antennas.", 'When butterflies are active at night is true, it follows that if some animals insulate their bodies with extra layers of fat and fur, then clinical experiences address the care of children with commonly occurring illnesses.', "So long as either markets are men's business, from very young boys to very old codgers or most ants have antennas, 'if some animals insulate their bodies with extra layers of fat and fur, then clinical experiences address the care of children with commonly occurring illnesses' is true."]
|
The statement that states some animals insulate their bodies with extra layers of fat and fur is right. Either butterflies are active at night or either markets are men's business, from very young boys to very old codgers or most ants have antennas. When butterflies are active at night is true, it follows that if some animals insulate their bodies with extra layers of fat and fur, then clinical experiences address the care of children with commonly occurring illnesses. So long as either markets are men's business, from very young boys to very old codgers or most ants have antennas, 'if some animals insulate their bodies with extra layers of fat and fur, then clinical experiences address the care of children with commonly occurring illnesses' is true.
|
It is a simple truth that clinical experiences address the care of children with commonly occurring illnesses.
|
Clinical experiences occur during days, evenings, nights and weekends.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Clinical experiences address the care of children with commonly occurring illnesses.', 1: 'Some animals insulate their bodies with extra layers of fat and fur.', 2: 'Butterflies are active at night.', 3: "Markets are men's business, from very young boys to very old codgers.", 4: 'Most ants have antennas.'}
| 2 |
1,125 |
["Provided that the claim that micronutrient is food is false, we know that the notion that 'some vultures eat vultures' is untrue.", "So long as the claim that if the claim that micronutrient is food is false, then some vultures eat vultures has no merit, 'either turtles have (part) sections or keynotes are subjects' is true.", "Whenever it is true that the claim that if the claim that micronutrient is food is false, then some vultures eat vultures has no merit, 'the claim that either turtles have (part) sections or keynotes are subjects is false' is true."]
|
Provided that the claim that micronutrient is food is false, we know that the notion that 'some vultures eat vultures' is untrue. So long as the claim that if the claim that micronutrient is food is false, then some vultures eat vultures has no merit, 'either turtles have (part) sections or keynotes are subjects' is true. Whenever it is true that the claim that if the claim that micronutrient is food is false, then some vultures eat vultures has no merit, 'the claim that either turtles have (part) sections or keynotes are subjects is false' is true.
|
The statement that states micronutrient is food is right.
|
The statement that states micronutrient is food is right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Micronutrient is food.', 1: 'Some vultures eat vultures.', 2: 'Turtles have (part) sections.', 3: 'Keynotes are subjects.'}
| 2 |
1,066 |
['Provided that female bodybuilders are athletes, we know that it is not true that jodhpur is a small, active city located on the edge of the great western desert.', 'On the condition that female bodybuilders are athletes, it is definitely the case that either capillaries is where exchange occurs or frozen food is located in supermarkets.', 'Assuming either capillaries is where exchange occurs or frozen food is located in supermarkets, we know that jodhpur is a small, active city located on the edge of the great western desert.']
|
Provided that female bodybuilders are athletes, we know that it is not true that jodhpur is a small, active city located on the edge of the great western desert. On the condition that female bodybuilders are athletes, it is definitely the case that either capillaries is where exchange occurs or frozen food is located in supermarkets. Assuming either capillaries is where exchange occurs or frozen food is located in supermarkets, we know that jodhpur is a small, active city located on the edge of the great western desert.
|
We know that the claim that female bodybuilders are athletes is false.
|
We know that the claim that female bodybuilders are athletes is false.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Female bodybuilders are athletes.', 1: 'Jodhpur is a small, active city located on the edge of the great western desert.', 2: 'Capillaries is where exchange occurs.', 3: 'Frozen food is located in supermarkets.'}
| 2 |
1,908 |
['We know that either either alcohol consumption can result hours later in what is known as a hangover type of headache or sodium improves palatibility as it offsets the sweetness of the added sugars or alcoholic beverages contain no essential nutrients but do supply calories.', 'When alcoholic beverages contain no essential nutrients but do supply calories is true, it follows that generators produce power.', 'On the condition that the claim that if either alcohol consumption can result hours later in what is known as a hangover type of headache or sodium improves palatibility as it offsets the sweetness of the added sugars, then tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States has no merit, it is definitely the case that slavery is a shared experience.', 'The statement, slavery is a shared experience, does not hold.']
|
We know that either either alcohol consumption can result hours later in what is known as a hangover type of headache or sodium improves palatibility as it offsets the sweetness of the added sugars or alcoholic beverages contain no essential nutrients but do supply calories. When alcoholic beverages contain no essential nutrients but do supply calories is true, it follows that generators produce power. On the condition that the claim that if either alcohol consumption can result hours later in what is known as a hangover type of headache or sodium improves palatibility as it offsets the sweetness of the added sugars, then tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States has no merit, it is definitely the case that slavery is a shared experience. The statement, slavery is a shared experience, does not hold.
|
At least one of two things is true: tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States, or generators produce power.
|
At least one of two things is true: tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States, or generators produce power.
|
TRUE
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the United States.', 1: 'Generators produce power.', 2: 'Alcohol consumption can result hours later in what is known as a hangover type of headache.', 3: 'Sodium improves palatibility as it offsets the sweetness of the added sugars.', 4: 'Alcoholic beverages contain no essential nutrients but do supply calories.', 5: 'Slavery is a shared experience.'}
| 2 |
1,511 |
["Whenever it is true that wolves control prey populations by hunting the weak, old, and immature, 'synaptic vesicles are containers for neurotransmitters' is true.", 'On the condition that synaptic vesicles are containers for neurotransmitters, it is definitely the case that all ticks can carry disease.', 'Those that suggest all ticks can carry disease are wrong.']
|
Whenever it is true that wolves control prey populations by hunting the weak, old, and immature, 'synaptic vesicles are containers for neurotransmitters' is true. On the condition that synaptic vesicles are containers for neurotransmitters, it is definitely the case that all ticks can carry disease. Those that suggest all ticks can carry disease are wrong.
|
The statement 'wolves control prey populations by hunting the weak, old, and immature' can be considered false.
|
The statement that 'wolves are social animals, living together in family groups called packs' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Wolves control prey populations by hunting the weak, old, and immature.', 1: 'Synaptic vesicles are containers for neurotransmitters.', 2: 'All ticks can carry disease.'}
| 2 |
1,224 |
['There is good reason to believe that either science often spends decades proving what the human heart already knows or most half circles have equal radii.', 'If most half circles have equal radii, then quality assurance is a collection of procedures describing requirements and transactions.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: therapeutic cloning refers to the cloning of stem cells from human embryos, or pizza is made of a piece of fermented dough.', 'On the condition that therapeutic cloning refers to the cloning of stem cells from human embryos, it is definitely the case that if science often spends decades proving what the human heart already knows, then quality assurance is a collection of procedures describing requirements and transactions.', 'Should it be the case that pizza is made of a piece of fermented dough, it follows that if science often spends decades proving what the human heart already knows, then quality assurance is a collection of procedures describing requirements and transactions.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either science often spends decades proving what the human heart already knows or most half circles have equal radii. If most half circles have equal radii, then quality assurance is a collection of procedures describing requirements and transactions. Either one or both of these statements are true: therapeutic cloning refers to the cloning of stem cells from human embryos, or pizza is made of a piece of fermented dough. On the condition that therapeutic cloning refers to the cloning of stem cells from human embryos, it is definitely the case that if science often spends decades proving what the human heart already knows, then quality assurance is a collection of procedures describing requirements and transactions. Should it be the case that pizza is made of a piece of fermented dough, it follows that if science often spends decades proving what the human heart already knows, then quality assurance is a collection of procedures describing requirements and transactions.
|
It is reasonable to believe that quality assurance is a collection of procedures describing requirements and transactions.
|
We know that the claim that quality assurance is a collection of procedures describing requirements and transactions is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Quality assurance is a collection of procedures describing requirements and transactions.', 1: 'Science often spends decades proving what the human heart already knows.', 2: 'Most half circles have equal radii.', 3: 'Therapeutic cloning refers to the cloning of stem cells from human embryos.', 4: 'Pizza is made of a piece of fermented dough.'}
| 2 |
1,268 |
['The claim that some pediatric cardiologists see and advise congenital heart patients into adulthood does not reflect reality.', 'At least one of two things is true: if perennials have several different types of root systems, then snakes have an unforgettable elegance and style, or glazes are polish.', 'Should it be the case that if perennials have several different types of root systems, then snakes have an unforgettable elegance and style, it follows that either some pediatric cardiologists see and advise congenital heart patients into adulthood or some astrologers claim that astrology is a science.', 'Should it be the case that glazes are polish, it follows that either some pediatric cardiologists see and advise congenital heart patients into adulthood or some astrologers claim that astrology is a science.']
|
The claim that some pediatric cardiologists see and advise congenital heart patients into adulthood does not reflect reality. At least one of two things is true: if perennials have several different types of root systems, then snakes have an unforgettable elegance and style, or glazes are polish. Should it be the case that if perennials have several different types of root systems, then snakes have an unforgettable elegance and style, it follows that either some pediatric cardiologists see and advise congenital heart patients into adulthood or some astrologers claim that astrology is a science. Should it be the case that glazes are polish, it follows that either some pediatric cardiologists see and advise congenital heart patients into adulthood or some astrologers claim that astrology is a science.
|
It is a simple truth that some astrologers claim that astrology is a science.
|
The claim that some astrologers claim that astrology is a science is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].).
If [4], then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Some astrologers claim that astrology is a science.', 1: 'Some pediatric cardiologists see and advise congenital heart patients into adulthood.', 2: 'Perennials have several different types of root systems.', 3: 'Snakes have an unforgettable elegance and style.', 4: 'Glazes are polish.'}
| 2 |
1,161 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: some studies show that after each rainfall, algae bloom and some dinoflagellates proliferate, or beams have weight.', 'Given that some studies show that after each rainfall, algae bloom and some dinoflagellates proliferate, it can be inferred that skunks lift tails.', 'Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if beams have weight, then life is made up of choices, it follows that modern amphibians are never free of the aquatic stage.', 'Assuming some people mistakenly believe that if beams have weight, then life is made up of choices, we know that some people mistakenly believe that modern amphibians are never free of the aquatic stage.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: some studies show that after each rainfall, algae bloom and some dinoflagellates proliferate, or beams have weight. Given that some studies show that after each rainfall, algae bloom and some dinoflagellates proliferate, it can be inferred that skunks lift tails. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if beams have weight, then life is made up of choices, it follows that modern amphibians are never free of the aquatic stage. Assuming some people mistakenly believe that if beams have weight, then life is made up of choices, we know that some people mistakenly believe that modern amphibians are never free of the aquatic stage.
|
We know that either skunks lift tails or life is made up of choices.
|
The statement that states either skunks lift tails or life is made up of choices is false.
|
FALSE
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [0].
If [3], then [1]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [3], then [1].).), then [4].
If (Not (If [3], then [1].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [3], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Skunks lift tails.', 1: 'Life is made up of choices.', 2: 'Some studies show that after each rainfall, algae bloom and some dinoflagellates proliferate.', 3: 'Beams have weight.', 4: 'Modern amphibians are never free of the aquatic stage.'}
| 2 |
1,813 |
["Given that the claim that opticians are technicians who use a doctor's prescription to make corrective lenses has no merit, it can be inferred that club soda is drinking water.", "It is rational to believe that either hard water is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water or if the claim that opticians are technicians who use a doctor's prescription to make corrective lenses has no merit, then it is not the case that club soda is drinking water.", 'It is not true that hard water is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water.']
|
Given that the claim that opticians are technicians who use a doctor's prescription to make corrective lenses has no merit, it can be inferred that club soda is drinking water. It is rational to believe that either hard water is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water or if the claim that opticians are technicians who use a doctor's prescription to make corrective lenses has no merit, then it is not the case that club soda is drinking water. It is not true that hard water is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water.
|
It is fair to say that opticians are technicians who use a doctor's prescription to make corrective lenses.
|
Opticians conduct tests.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: "Opticians are technicians who use a doctor's prescription to make corrective lenses.", 1: 'Club soda is drinking water.', 2: 'Hard water is caused by dissolved calcium and magnesium in the water.'}
| 2 |
1,618 |
['The claim that monkeys consume fruit is false.', "So long as the statement that 'if some people mistakenly believe that days are time units, then monkeys consume fruit' is incorrect, 'most astronauts return to earth' is true.", 'It is not the case that most astronauts return to earth.']
|
The claim that monkeys consume fruit is false. So long as the statement that 'if some people mistakenly believe that days are time units, then monkeys consume fruit' is incorrect, 'most astronauts return to earth' is true. It is not the case that most astronauts return to earth.
|
days are time units.
|
Days are time units.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Days are time units.', 1: 'Monkeys consume fruit.', 2: 'Most astronauts return to earth.'}
| 2 |
1,676 |
['Given that the claim that parents produce individuals has no merit, it can be inferred that cuscuses have (part) heads.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if the claim that parents produce individuals has no merit, then the claim that cuscuses have (part) heads has no merit does not reflect reality, then if lemmings are small rodents that feed on plants, then military bullets have full metal jackets around the lead core.', 'Assuming the claim that if the claim that parents produce individuals has no merit, then the claim that cuscuses have (part) heads has no merit does not reflect reality, we know that the claim that if lemmings are small rodents that feed on plants, then military bullets have full metal jackets around the lead core has no merit.']
|
Given that the claim that parents produce individuals has no merit, it can be inferred that cuscuses have (part) heads. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if the claim that parents produce individuals has no merit, then the claim that cuscuses have (part) heads has no merit does not reflect reality, then if lemmings are small rodents that feed on plants, then military bullets have full metal jackets around the lead core. Assuming the claim that if the claim that parents produce individuals has no merit, then the claim that cuscuses have (part) heads has no merit does not reflect reality, we know that the claim that if lemmings are small rodents that feed on plants, then military bullets have full metal jackets around the lead core has no merit.
|
We can assume that parents produce individuals.
|
The statement 'parents produce individuals' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Parents produce individuals.', 1: 'Cuscuses have (part) heads.', 2: 'Lemmings are small rodents that feed on plants.', 3: 'Military bullets have full metal jackets around the lead core.'}
| 2 |
1,178 |
['It is rational to believe that either libertarianism stands for maximum individual liberty and thus against any kind of slavery or lawns turn light green or yellow and thin out.', "Whenever it is true that libertarianism stands for maximum individual liberty and thus against any kind of slavery, 'either wolves can go three weeks without feeding or grebes build platform nests over water using aquatic weeds' is true.", 'Should it be the case that phenols are coal-tar derivatives, it follows that if lawns turn light green or yellow and thin out, then either wolves can go three weeks without feeding or grebes build platform nests over water using aquatic weeds.', 'Many people rightly believe that phenols are coal-tar derivatives.']
|
It is rational to believe that either libertarianism stands for maximum individual liberty and thus against any kind of slavery or lawns turn light green or yellow and thin out. Whenever it is true that libertarianism stands for maximum individual liberty and thus against any kind of slavery, 'either wolves can go three weeks without feeding or grebes build platform nests over water using aquatic weeds' is true. Should it be the case that phenols are coal-tar derivatives, it follows that if lawns turn light green or yellow and thin out, then either wolves can go three weeks without feeding or grebes build platform nests over water using aquatic weeds. Many people rightly believe that phenols are coal-tar derivatives.
|
It is rational to believe that either wolves can go three weeks without feeding or grebes build platform nests over water using aquatic weeds.
|
The claim that either wolves can go three weeks without feeding or grebes build platform nests over water using aquatic weeds is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
[4]
Therefore, If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Wolves can go three weeks without feeding.', 1: 'Grebes build platform nests over water using aquatic weeds.', 2: 'Libertarianism stands for maximum individual liberty and thus against any kind of slavery.', 3: 'Lawns turn light green or yellow and thin out.', 4: 'Phenols are coal-tar derivatives.'}
| 2 |
1,950 |
['It is a simple truth that poor nutrition means weaker or smaller young, with a resultant increased potential for predation.', 'When the claim that if poor nutrition means weaker or smaller young, with a resultant increased potential for predation, then rappers are musical performers is false is true, it follows that some shrews generate heat.', 'On the condition that the claim that if poor nutrition means weaker or smaller young, with a resultant increased potential for predation, then rappers are musical performers is false, it is definitely the case that the claim that some shrews generate heat does not reflect reality.']
|
It is a simple truth that poor nutrition means weaker or smaller young, with a resultant increased potential for predation. When the claim that if poor nutrition means weaker or smaller young, with a resultant increased potential for predation, then rappers are musical performers is false is true, it follows that some shrews generate heat. On the condition that the claim that if poor nutrition means weaker or smaller young, with a resultant increased potential for predation, then rappers are musical performers is false, it is definitely the case that the claim that some shrews generate heat does not reflect reality.
|
The statement that states rappers are musical performers is right.
|
It is a common misconception that rappers are musical performers.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Rappers are musical performers.', 1: 'Poor nutrition means weaker or smaller young, with a resultant increased potential for predation.', 2: 'Some shrews generate heat.'}
| 2 |
1,415 |
["Provided that the statement, most steroid hormones play vital roles, does not hold, we know that snow drifts across ice to cover frozen soil at pond's edge.", "Should it be the case that young males grow faster in terms of mass than young females , it follows that if the statement, most steroid hormones play vital roles, does not hold, then we know that the claim that snow drifts across ice to cover frozen soil at pond's edge is false.", 'The idea that young males grow faster in terms of mass than young females is true.']
|
Provided that the statement, most steroid hormones play vital roles, does not hold, we know that snow drifts across ice to cover frozen soil at pond's edge. Should it be the case that young males grow faster in terms of mass than young females , it follows that if the statement, most steroid hormones play vital roles, does not hold, then we know that the claim that snow drifts across ice to cover frozen soil at pond's edge is false. The idea that young males grow faster in terms of mass than young females is true.
|
We can assume that most steroid hormones play vital roles.
|
We can assume that most steroid hormones play vital roles.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most steroid hormones play vital roles.', 1: "Snow drifts across ice to cover frozen soil at pond's edge.", 2: 'Young males grow faster in terms of mass than young females .'}
| 2 |
1,100 |
['If a financial center is a center, then some people mistakenly believe that toxic poison leads to medical problems.', 'There is good reason to believe that either either clusters are also a crucial step in determining the distance scale of the universe or tailraces are dangerous areas for boaters or sunspots are cools areas with powerful magnetic fields.', "Whenever it is true that either clusters are also a crucial step in determining the distance scale of the universe or tailraces are dangerous areas for boaters, 'if a financial center is a center, then toxic poison leads to medical problems' is true.", 'On the condition that sunspots are cools areas with powerful magnetic fields, it is definitely the case that if a financial center is a center, then toxic poison leads to medical problems.']
|
If a financial center is a center, then some people mistakenly believe that toxic poison leads to medical problems. There is good reason to believe that either either clusters are also a crucial step in determining the distance scale of the universe or tailraces are dangerous areas for boaters or sunspots are cools areas with powerful magnetic fields. Whenever it is true that either clusters are also a crucial step in determining the distance scale of the universe or tailraces are dangerous areas for boaters, 'if a financial center is a center, then toxic poison leads to medical problems' is true. On the condition that sunspots are cools areas with powerful magnetic fields, it is definitely the case that if a financial center is a center, then toxic poison leads to medical problems.
|
It is not true that a financial center is a center.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that a financial center is a center.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If [0], then [1].).
If [4], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'A financial center is a center.', 1: 'Toxic poison leads to medical problems.', 2: 'Clusters are also a crucial step in determining the distance scale of the universe .', 3: 'Tailraces are dangerous areas for boaters.', 4: 'Sunspots are cools areas with powerful magnetic fields.'}
| 2 |
1,733 |
["The notion that 'latex is rubber' is untrue.", 'We know that either either coneys have (part) nuclei or animals are mammals or fundamental physics shows that the rate of alpha decay is related to the speed of light.', 'Provided that either coneys have (part) nuclei or animals are mammals, we know that latex is rubber.', "So long as fundamental physics shows that the rate of alpha decay is related to the speed of light, 'the statement that 'vitamin D is produced in the skin through exposure to sunlight' is incorrect' is true."]
|
The notion that 'latex is rubber' is untrue. We know that either either coneys have (part) nuclei or animals are mammals or fundamental physics shows that the rate of alpha decay is related to the speed of light. Provided that either coneys have (part) nuclei or animals are mammals, we know that latex is rubber. So long as fundamental physics shows that the rate of alpha decay is related to the speed of light, 'the statement that 'vitamin D is produced in the skin through exposure to sunlight' is incorrect' is true.
|
The statement that 'vitamin D is produced in the skin through exposure to sunlight' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'vitamin D is produced in the skin through exposure to sunlight' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].
If [4], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Vitamin D is produced in the skin through exposure to sunlight.', 1: 'Latex is rubber.', 2: 'Coneys have (part) nuclei.', 3: 'Animals are mammals.', 4: 'Fundamental physics shows that the rate of alpha decay is related to the speed of light.'}
| 2 |
1,689 |
['It is not true that most predation has negative effects.', 'When it is a common misconception that if the statement, pattern is when colors and shapes repeat themselves over and over, does not hold, then most predation has negative effects is true, it follows that nipple discharge is usually a symptom of another condition.', "Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that if the statement, pattern is when colors and shapes repeat themselves over and over, does not hold, then most predation has negative effects, 'the claim that nipple discharge is usually a symptom of another condition has no merit' is true."]
|
It is not true that most predation has negative effects. When it is a common misconception that if the statement, pattern is when colors and shapes repeat themselves over and over, does not hold, then most predation has negative effects is true, it follows that nipple discharge is usually a symptom of another condition. Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that if the statement, pattern is when colors and shapes repeat themselves over and over, does not hold, then most predation has negative effects, 'the claim that nipple discharge is usually a symptom of another condition has no merit' is true.
|
The statement 'pattern is when colors and shapes repeat themselves over and over' is true.
|
Patterns lead to consequences.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Pattern is when colors and shapes repeat themselves over and over.', 1: 'Most predation has negative effects.', 2: 'Nipple discharge is usually a symptom of another condition.'}
| 2 |
1,229 |
['Either mites are found in burrows in the skin or adult male pronghorn have a large, black gland on their jaw below the eye.', 'On the condition that adult male pronghorn have a large, black gland on their jaw below the eye, it is definitely the case that octopuses also have an excellent sense of touch .', "Whenever it is true that mites are found in burrows in the skin, 'scientists pay much attention' is true.", "So long as scientists pay much attention, 'octopuses also have an excellent sense of touch ' is true."]
|
Either mites are found in burrows in the skin or adult male pronghorn have a large, black gland on their jaw below the eye. On the condition that adult male pronghorn have a large, black gland on their jaw below the eye, it is definitely the case that octopuses also have an excellent sense of touch . Whenever it is true that mites are found in burrows in the skin, 'scientists pay much attention' is true. So long as scientists pay much attention, 'octopuses also have an excellent sense of touch ' is true.
|
It is rational to agree that octopuses also have an excellent sense of touch .
|
Octopuses begin their lives as eggs, tended by their mother.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [3].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Octopuses also have an excellent sense of touch .', 1: 'Mites are found in burrows in the skin.', 2: 'Adult male pronghorn have a large, black gland on their jaw below the eye.', 3: 'Scientists pay much attention.'}
| 2 |
1,334 |
['At least one of two things is true: functionalists see society as constituting a system of inter-related parts, or prayer can lead to a sense of forgiveness and freedom from shame.', 'At least one of two things is true: if shamanism relies heavily upon ceremony and ritual to evoke the desired trance, then amphibious creatures come from afar, or comedones is a medical term for blackheads.', 'When if shamanism relies heavily upon ceremony and ritual to evoke the desired trance, then amphibious creatures come from afar is true, it follows that those that suggest functionalists see society as constituting a system of inter-related parts are wrong.', "Whenever it is true that comedones is a medical term for blackheads, 'those that suggest functionalists see society as constituting a system of inter-related parts are wrong' is true."]
|
At least one of two things is true: functionalists see society as constituting a system of inter-related parts, or prayer can lead to a sense of forgiveness and freedom from shame. At least one of two things is true: if shamanism relies heavily upon ceremony and ritual to evoke the desired trance, then amphibious creatures come from afar, or comedones is a medical term for blackheads. When if shamanism relies heavily upon ceremony and ritual to evoke the desired trance, then amphibious creatures come from afar is true, it follows that those that suggest functionalists see society as constituting a system of inter-related parts are wrong. Whenever it is true that comedones is a medical term for blackheads, 'those that suggest functionalists see society as constituting a system of inter-related parts are wrong' is true.
|
The claim that prayer can lead to a sense of forgiveness and freedom from shame is true.
|
Prayer is a powerful force that can lift spirits, guide journeys and heal hearts.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).
If [4], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Prayer can lead to a sense of forgiveness and freedom from shame.', 1: 'Functionalists see society as constituting a system of inter-related parts.', 2: 'Shamanism relies heavily upon ceremony and ritual to evoke the desired trance.', 3: 'Amphibious creatures come from afar.', 4: 'Comedones is a medical term for blackheads.'}
| 2 |
1,627 |
['The idea that rock music is discussed from the standpoints of philosophy, musicology and sociology is true.', "Whenever it is true that it is not the case that if rock music is discussed from the standpoints of philosophy, musicology and sociology, then contraction causes pressure, 'if most parents name their children according to a saint, then some hats are worn by officials' is true.", 'Assuming it is not the case that if rock music is discussed from the standpoints of philosophy, musicology and sociology, then contraction causes pressure, we know that it is not the case that if most parents name their children according to a saint, then some hats are worn by officials.']
|
The idea that rock music is discussed from the standpoints of philosophy, musicology and sociology is true. Whenever it is true that it is not the case that if rock music is discussed from the standpoints of philosophy, musicology and sociology, then contraction causes pressure, 'if most parents name their children according to a saint, then some hats are worn by officials' is true. Assuming it is not the case that if rock music is discussed from the standpoints of philosophy, musicology and sociology, then contraction causes pressure, we know that it is not the case that if most parents name their children according to a saint, then some hats are worn by officials.
|
Many people rightly believe that contraction causes pressure.
|
Many people rightly believe that contraction causes pressure.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Contraction causes pressure.', 1: 'Rock music is discussed from the standpoints of philosophy, musicology and sociology.', 2: 'Most parents name their children according to a saint.', 3: 'Some hats are worn by officials.'}
| 2 |
1,702 |
["The statement that 'drakes have a small curl on the tip of their tails, while hens have flat tails' is incorrect.", 'It is a fact that either if glasses are like the lens on a camera, and the retina is like the film, then dogs are able to take even adult iguanas or either drakes have a small curl on the tip of their tails, while hens have flat tails or either clothing is made from many materials, such as cotton, wool, or polyester fabrics and leather or flash drying is a continuous process with the dryer being either directly or indirectly fired.', 'It is a common misconception that if glasses are like the lens on a camera, and the retina is like the film, then dogs are able to take even adult iguanas.']
|
The statement that 'drakes have a small curl on the tip of their tails, while hens have flat tails' is incorrect. It is a fact that either if glasses are like the lens on a camera, and the retina is like the film, then dogs are able to take even adult iguanas or either drakes have a small curl on the tip of their tails, while hens have flat tails or either clothing is made from many materials, such as cotton, wool, or polyester fabrics and leather or flash drying is a continuous process with the dryer being either directly or indirectly fired. It is a common misconception that if glasses are like the lens on a camera, and the retina is like the film, then dogs are able to take even adult iguanas.
|
There is good reason to believe that either clothing is made from many materials, such as cotton, wool, or polyester fabrics and leather or flash drying is a continuous process with the dryer being either directly or indirectly fired.
|
The statement that states either clothing is made from many materials, such as cotton, wool, or polyester fabrics and leather or flash drying is a continuous process with the dryer being either directly or indirectly fired is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Clothing is made from many materials, such as cotton, wool, or polyester fabrics and leather.', 1: 'Flash drying is a continuous process with the dryer being either directly or indirectly fired.', 2: 'Drakes have a small curl on the tip of their tails, while hens have flat tails.', 3: 'Glasses are like the lens on a camera, and the retina is like the film.', 4: 'Dogs are able to take even adult iguanas.'}
| 2 |
1,878 |
['When those that suggest islamic law is followed in affairs involving human relations are wrong is true, it follows that winter is in full swing in the northern hemisphere of planet earth.', "When brown cows are still cattle, but now they have a set of their own is true, it follows that the notion that 'winter is in full swing in the northern hemisphere of planet earth' is untrue.", 'It is a simple truth that brown cows are still cattle, but now they have a set of their own.']
|
When those that suggest islamic law is followed in affairs involving human relations are wrong is true, it follows that winter is in full swing in the northern hemisphere of planet earth. When brown cows are still cattle, but now they have a set of their own is true, it follows that the notion that 'winter is in full swing in the northern hemisphere of planet earth' is untrue. It is a simple truth that brown cows are still cattle, but now they have a set of their own.
|
The claim that islamic law is followed in affairs involving human relations is true.
|
Islamic law allows men to have up to four wives.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Islamic law is followed in affairs involving human relations.', 1: 'Winter is in full swing in the northern hemisphere of planet earth.', 2: 'Brown cows are still cattle, but now they have a set of their own.'}
| 2 |
1,482 |
["Assuming the statement 'procrastination is a serious problem for many people' can be considered false, we know that if pup isa creature, then wild animals including skunks, bats, and racoons can also get rabies and give it to humans.", "If those that suggest if the statement 'procrastination is a serious problem for many people' can be considered false, then it is not true that if pup isa creature, then wild animals including skunks, bats, and racoons can also get rabies and give it to humans are wrong, then universities are among societies most complex organizations.", "If those that suggest if the statement 'procrastination is a serious problem for many people' can be considered false, then it is not true that if pup isa creature, then wild animals including skunks, bats, and racoons can also get rabies and give it to humans are wrong, then the claim that universities are among societies most complex organizations does not reflect reality."]
|
Assuming the statement 'procrastination is a serious problem for many people' can be considered false, we know that if pup isa creature, then wild animals including skunks, bats, and racoons can also get rabies and give it to humans. If those that suggest if the statement 'procrastination is a serious problem for many people' can be considered false, then it is not true that if pup isa creature, then wild animals including skunks, bats, and racoons can also get rabies and give it to humans are wrong, then universities are among societies most complex organizations. If those that suggest if the statement 'procrastination is a serious problem for many people' can be considered false, then it is not true that if pup isa creature, then wild animals including skunks, bats, and racoons can also get rabies and give it to humans are wrong, then the claim that universities are among societies most complex organizations does not reflect reality.
|
procrastination is a serious problem for many people.
|
The notion that 'procrastination is a serious problem for many people' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Procrastination is a serious problem for many people.', 1: 'Pup isa creature.', 2: 'Wild animals including skunks, bats, and racoons can also get rabies and give it to humans.', 3: 'Universities are among societies most complex organizations.'}
| 2 |
1,919 |
['We know that either every star has a life cycle, and the sun is no exception or free riding occurs when someone enjoys the benefits of something without paying for it.', "Provided that free riding occurs when someone enjoys the benefits of something without paying for it, we know that the statement 'national security is about every citizen' can be considered false.", "Given that the claim that if every star has a life cycle, and the sun is no exception, then the statement 'national security is about every citizen' can be considered false does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that horns consist of a bony core, a permanent part of the skull, covered with a horny sheath.", 'The statement that states horns consist of a bony core, a permanent part of the skull, covered with a horny sheath is false.']
|
We know that either every star has a life cycle, and the sun is no exception or free riding occurs when someone enjoys the benefits of something without paying for it. Provided that free riding occurs when someone enjoys the benefits of something without paying for it, we know that the statement 'national security is about every citizen' can be considered false. Given that the claim that if every star has a life cycle, and the sun is no exception, then the statement 'national security is about every citizen' can be considered false does not reflect reality, it can be inferred that horns consist of a bony core, a permanent part of the skull, covered with a horny sheath. The statement that states horns consist of a bony core, a permanent part of the skull, covered with a horny sheath is false.
|
The statement 'national security is about every citizen' can be considered false.
|
The statement that states national security is about every citizen is right.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'National security is about every citizen.', 1: 'Every star has a life cycle, and the sun is no exception.', 2: 'Free riding occurs when someone enjoys the benefits of something without paying for it.', 3: 'Horns consist of a bony core, a permanent part of the skull, covered with a horny sheath.'}
| 2 |
1,220 |
['We know that the claim that tyrosine is an amino acid which is found in most animal and plant proteins is false.', 'If the claim that either tyrosine is an amino acid which is found in most animal and plant proteins or the claim that justice comes in all forms does not reflect reality has no merit, then plants invade dry, open lands with frequent disturbance such as fields and pastures.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either tyrosine is an amino acid which is found in most animal and plant proteins or the claim that justice comes in all forms does not reflect reality has no merit, then the statement, plants invade dry, open lands with frequent disturbance such as fields and pastures, does not hold.']
|
We know that the claim that tyrosine is an amino acid which is found in most animal and plant proteins is false. If the claim that either tyrosine is an amino acid which is found in most animal and plant proteins or the claim that justice comes in all forms does not reflect reality has no merit, then plants invade dry, open lands with frequent disturbance such as fields and pastures. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either tyrosine is an amino acid which is found in most animal and plant proteins or the claim that justice comes in all forms does not reflect reality has no merit, then the statement, plants invade dry, open lands with frequent disturbance such as fields and pastures, does not hold.
|
The claim that justice comes in all forms does not reflect reality.
|
Justice comes in all forms.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Justice comes in all forms.', 1: 'Tyrosine is an amino acid which is found in most animal and plant proteins.', 2: 'Plants invade dry, open lands with frequent disturbance such as fields and pastures.'}
| 2 |
1,391 |
['Those that suggest a carol is church music are wrong.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: thought is a tool for thinking and planning, or if we know that the claim that forget-me-nots have (part) cytoplasm is false, then a carol is church music.', 'It is not the case that thought is a tool for thinking and planning.']
|
Those that suggest a carol is church music are wrong. Either one or both of these statements are true: thought is a tool for thinking and planning, or if we know that the claim that forget-me-nots have (part) cytoplasm is false, then a carol is church music. It is not the case that thought is a tool for thinking and planning.
|
It is fair to say that forget-me-nots have (part) cytoplasm.
|
Forget-me-nots have (part) nuclei.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Forget-me-nots have (part) cytoplasm.', 1: 'A carol is church music.', 2: 'Thought is a tool for thinking and planning.'}
| 2 |
1,912 |
['Should it be the case that the claim that infected cells contain often voluminous virus crystals does not correspond with reality, it follows that monocots are single seeds while dicots seeds can be split into two halves.', 'When monocots are single seeds while dicots seeds can be split into two halves is true, it follows that either many people seem to be allergic to dairy products or elephants live in areas.', 'When monocots are single seeds while dicots seeds can be split into two halves is true, it follows that the claim that either many people seem to be allergic to dairy products or elephants live in areas does not reflect reality.']
|
Should it be the case that the claim that infected cells contain often voluminous virus crystals does not correspond with reality, it follows that monocots are single seeds while dicots seeds can be split into two halves. When monocots are single seeds while dicots seeds can be split into two halves is true, it follows that either many people seem to be allergic to dairy products or elephants live in areas. When monocots are single seeds while dicots seeds can be split into two halves is true, it follows that the claim that either many people seem to be allergic to dairy products or elephants live in areas does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that infected cells contain often voluminous virus crystals holds true.
|
The claim that infected cells contain often voluminous virus crystals does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Infected cells contain often voluminous virus crystals.', 1: 'Monocots are single seeds while dicots seeds can be split into two halves.', 2: 'Many people seem to be allergic to dairy products.', 3: 'Elephants live in areas.'}
| 2 |
1,427 |
['It is not the case that most animals feed in grass.', 'At least one of two things is true: seasonals work because of fundamental reasons, frequently tied to the growing season or the weather, or if people inhale the gas and it irradiates the lung epithelium by -particles, then most animals feed in grass.', 'The statement, seasonals work because of fundamental reasons, frequently tied to the growing season or the weather, does not hold.']
|
It is not the case that most animals feed in grass. At least one of two things is true: seasonals work because of fundamental reasons, frequently tied to the growing season or the weather, or if people inhale the gas and it irradiates the lung epithelium by -particles, then most animals feed in grass. The statement, seasonals work because of fundamental reasons, frequently tied to the growing season or the weather, does not hold.
|
The notion that 'people inhale the gas and it irradiates the lung epithelium by -particles' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'people inhale the gas and it irradiates the lung epithelium by -particles' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'People inhale the gas and it irradiates the lung epithelium by -particles.', 1: 'Most animals feed in grass.', 2: 'Seasonals work because of fundamental reasons, frequently tied to the growing season or the weather.'}
| 2 |
1,309 |
['On the condition that mountain lions are carnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of prey, it is definitely the case that aortic aneurysms occur when a weakness develops in a part of the wall of the aorta.', 'One may reasonably assume that if vented methane contributes greatly to global warming, and poses a serious safety hazard, then aortic aneurysms occur when a weakness develops in a part of the wall of the aorta.', 'One may reasonably assume that if we know that the claim that either mountain lions are carnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of prey or vented methane contributes greatly to global warming, and poses a serious safety hazard is false, then ears need protection.', "The statement that 'ears need protection' is incorrect."]
|
On the condition that mountain lions are carnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of prey, it is definitely the case that aortic aneurysms occur when a weakness develops in a part of the wall of the aorta. One may reasonably assume that if vented methane contributes greatly to global warming, and poses a serious safety hazard, then aortic aneurysms occur when a weakness develops in a part of the wall of the aorta. One may reasonably assume that if we know that the claim that either mountain lions are carnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of prey or vented methane contributes greatly to global warming, and poses a serious safety hazard is false, then ears need protection. The statement that 'ears need protection' is incorrect.
|
aortic aneurysms occur when a weakness develops in a part of the wall of the aorta.
|
Aortic aneurysms occur when a weakness develops in a part of the wall of the aorta.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Aortic aneurysms occur when a weakness develops in a part of the wall of the aorta.', 1: 'Mountain lions are carnivorous, feeding on a wide variety of prey.', 2: 'Vented methane contributes greatly to global warming, and poses a serious safety hazard.', 3: 'Ears need protection.'}
| 2 |
1,775 |
['On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that most programming languages provide some support for data abstraction, it is definitely the case that either events are situations or most sedimentation occurs in years.', 'At least one of two things is true: mustard isa herb, or sauropods have (part) cells.', 'Assuming mustard isa herb, we know that the statement, either events are situations or most sedimentation occurs in years, does not hold.', 'Given that sauropods have (part) cells, it can be inferred that the statement, either events are situations or most sedimentation occurs in years, does not hold.']
|
On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that most programming languages provide some support for data abstraction, it is definitely the case that either events are situations or most sedimentation occurs in years. At least one of two things is true: mustard isa herb, or sauropods have (part) cells. Assuming mustard isa herb, we know that the statement, either events are situations or most sedimentation occurs in years, does not hold. Given that sauropods have (part) cells, it can be inferred that the statement, either events are situations or most sedimentation occurs in years, does not hold.
|
The claim that most programming languages provide some support for data abstraction is true.
|
The claim that most programming languages provide some support for data abstraction is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
If [4], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Most programming languages provide some support for data abstraction.', 1: 'Events are situations.', 2: 'Most sedimentation occurs in years.', 3: 'Mustard isa herb.', 4: 'Sauropods have (part) cells.'}
| 2 |
1,885 |
["So long as it is not true that babies grow and mothers want to take their babies home after awhile, 'if snakes have venom in order to kill their prey, first and foremost, then most bacteria convert nitrate' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either saturated fats have a higher melting point and less potential to become rancid or eye contact is an important part of the videoconferencing experience.', 'Given that saturated fats have a higher melting point and less potential to become rancid, it can be inferred that the claim that if snakes have venom in order to kill their prey, first and foremost, then most bacteria convert nitrate has no merit.', 'One may reasonably assume that if eye contact is an important part of the videoconferencing experience, then the claim that if snakes have venom in order to kill their prey, first and foremost, then most bacteria convert nitrate has no merit.']
|
So long as it is not true that babies grow and mothers want to take their babies home after awhile, 'if snakes have venom in order to kill their prey, first and foremost, then most bacteria convert nitrate' is true. There is good reason to believe that either saturated fats have a higher melting point and less potential to become rancid or eye contact is an important part of the videoconferencing experience. Given that saturated fats have a higher melting point and less potential to become rancid, it can be inferred that the claim that if snakes have venom in order to kill their prey, first and foremost, then most bacteria convert nitrate has no merit. One may reasonably assume that if eye contact is an important part of the videoconferencing experience, then the claim that if snakes have venom in order to kill their prey, first and foremost, then most bacteria convert nitrate has no merit.
|
The statement 'babies grow and mothers want to take their babies home after awhile' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'babies grow and mothers want to take their babies home after awhile' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Babies grow and mothers want to take their babies home after awhile.', 1: 'Snakes have venom in order to kill their prey, first and foremost.', 2: 'Most bacteria convert nitrate.', 3: 'Saturated fats have a higher melting point and less potential to become rancid.', 4: 'Eye contact is an important part of the videoconferencing experience.'}
| 2 |
1,015 |
['One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either longer grass encourages deeper roots, and it shades the soil better or some babies just take a little bit longer to get adjusted to the world, or a day and night cycle has no merit, then remembrance is carved deep into the fibre of our being, and reflected everywhere in our rituals.', 'Once we know remembrance is carved deep into the fibre of our being, and reflected everywhere in our rituals, we also know that tensile strength is measured by pulling on the fabric from both ends.', 'When remembrance is carved deep into the fibre of our being, and reflected everywhere in our rituals is true, it follows that those that suggest tensile strength is measured by pulling on the fabric from both ends are wrong.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either longer grass encourages deeper roots, and it shades the soil better or some babies just take a little bit longer to get adjusted to the world, or a day and night cycle has no merit, then remembrance is carved deep into the fibre of our being, and reflected everywhere in our rituals. Once we know remembrance is carved deep into the fibre of our being, and reflected everywhere in our rituals, we also know that tensile strength is measured by pulling on the fabric from both ends. When remembrance is carved deep into the fibre of our being, and reflected everywhere in our rituals is true, it follows that those that suggest tensile strength is measured by pulling on the fabric from both ends are wrong.
|
Either longer grass encourages deeper roots, and it shades the soil better or some babies just take a little bit longer to get adjusted to the world, or a day and night cycle.
|
Either longer grass encourages deeper roots, and it shades the soil better or some babies just take a little bit longer to get adjusted to the world, or a day and night cycle.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then [3].
If [2], then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Longer grass encourages deeper roots, and it shades the soil better.', 1: 'Some babies just take a little bit longer to get adjusted to the world, or a day and night cycle.', 2: 'Remembrance is carved deep into the fibre of our being, and reflected everywhere in our rituals.', 3: 'Tensile strength is measured by pulling on the fabric from both ends.'}
| 2 |
1,493 |
['Should it be the case that if drinking water comes in bottles, then protein deficiency is extremely unlikely on a diet drawn from a variety of plant foods, it follows that many parks also have cooking places and tent sites.', 'It is rational to believe that either polyester is fitted around projections into the wet urethane or if drinking water comes in bottles, then protein deficiency is extremely unlikely on a diet drawn from a variety of plant foods.', 'The claim that polyester is fitted around projections into the wet urethane does not correspond with reality.']
|
Should it be the case that if drinking water comes in bottles, then protein deficiency is extremely unlikely on a diet drawn from a variety of plant foods, it follows that many parks also have cooking places and tent sites. It is rational to believe that either polyester is fitted around projections into the wet urethane or if drinking water comes in bottles, then protein deficiency is extremely unlikely on a diet drawn from a variety of plant foods. The claim that polyester is fitted around projections into the wet urethane does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement 'many parks also have cooking places and tent sites' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'many parks also have cooking places and tent sites' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [1], then [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [1], then [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Many parks also have cooking places and tent sites.', 1: 'Drinking water comes in bottles.', 2: 'Protein deficiency is extremely unlikely on a diet drawn from a variety of plant foods.', 3: 'Polyester is fitted around projections into the wet urethane.'}
| 2 |
1,245 |
['Provided that a vulcanization is a processing, we know that it is not the case that walleyes are the most sought after species in the flowage.', "One may reasonably assume that if the statement 'a vulcanization is a processing' can be considered false, then if a crevasse is a crack, then bottlenoses have (part) sections.", "Once we know the statement 'a vulcanization is a processing' can be considered false, we also know that it is not true that if a crevasse is a crack, then bottlenoses have (part) sections."]
|
Provided that a vulcanization is a processing, we know that it is not the case that walleyes are the most sought after species in the flowage. One may reasonably assume that if the statement 'a vulcanization is a processing' can be considered false, then if a crevasse is a crack, then bottlenoses have (part) sections. Once we know the statement 'a vulcanization is a processing' can be considered false, we also know that it is not true that if a crevasse is a crack, then bottlenoses have (part) sections.
|
It is not the case that walleyes are the most sought after species in the flowage.
|
It is not the case that walleyes are the most sought after species in the flowage.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (Not [1].), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Walleyes are the most sought after species in the flowage.', 1: 'A vulcanization is a processing.', 2: 'A crevasse is a crack.', 3: 'Bottlenoses have (part) sections.'}
| 2 |
1,898 |
['On the condition that those that suggest obedience implies subordination to a higher rule or authority are wrong, it is definitely the case that leftover food is only safe in a cooler if there is ice in it.', "On the condition that some transgenic lines have a very high rate of metastasis, it is definitely the case that if those that suggest obedience implies subordination to a higher rule or authority are wrong, then the notion that 'leftover food is only safe in a cooler if there is ice in it' is untrue.", 'some transgenic lines have a very high rate of metastasis.']
|
On the condition that those that suggest obedience implies subordination to a higher rule or authority are wrong, it is definitely the case that leftover food is only safe in a cooler if there is ice in it. On the condition that some transgenic lines have a very high rate of metastasis, it is definitely the case that if those that suggest obedience implies subordination to a higher rule or authority are wrong, then the notion that 'leftover food is only safe in a cooler if there is ice in it' is untrue. some transgenic lines have a very high rate of metastasis.
|
The statement that states obedience implies subordination to a higher rule or authority is right.
|
Obedience is another area where dogs are tested.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Obedience implies subordination to a higher rule or authority.', 1: 'Leftover food is only safe in a cooler if there is ice in it.', 2: 'Some transgenic lines have a very high rate of metastasis.'}
| 2 |
1,006 |
['On the condition that socialization is meetings, it is definitely the case that the statement that states toothpaste removes water stains is false.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that socialization is meetings, then stroke kills twice as many American women than breast cancer for instance.', 'On the condition that it is not true that socialization is meetings, it is definitely the case that the statement that states stroke kills twice as many American women than breast cancer for instance is false.']
|
On the condition that socialization is meetings, it is definitely the case that the statement that states toothpaste removes water stains is false. One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that socialization is meetings, then stroke kills twice as many American women than breast cancer for instance. On the condition that it is not true that socialization is meetings, it is definitely the case that the statement that states stroke kills twice as many American women than breast cancer for instance is false.
|
The statement that states toothpaste removes water stains is false.
|
It is true that toothpaste removes water stains.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Toothpaste removes water stains.', 1: 'Socialization is meetings.', 2: 'Stroke kills twice as many American women than breast cancer for instance.'}
| 2 |
1,613 |
['The claim that land cover The type of feature present on the surface of the earth is false.', "Provided that the statement that 'either land cover The type of feature present on the surface of the earth or toothpick isa lumber' is incorrect, we know that smiling cause happiness.", "Given that the statement that 'either land cover The type of feature present on the surface of the earth or toothpick isa lumber' is incorrect, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that smiling cause happiness is false."]
|
The claim that land cover The type of feature present on the surface of the earth is false. Provided that the statement that 'either land cover The type of feature present on the surface of the earth or toothpick isa lumber' is incorrect, we know that smiling cause happiness. Given that the statement that 'either land cover The type of feature present on the surface of the earth or toothpick isa lumber' is incorrect, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that smiling cause happiness is false.
|
The statement 'toothpick isa lumber' is true.
|
Toothpicks are located in grocery stores.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Toothpick isa lumber.', 1: 'Land cover The type of feature present on the surface of the earth.', 2: 'Smiling cause happiness.'}
| 2 |
1,533 |
["Assuming the notion that 'a financial condition is a condition' is untrue, we know that some people are very allergic to the substance the cockroach leaves behind.", "Should it be the case that loot isa possession, it follows that the statement 'some people are very allergic to the substance the cockroach leaves behind' can be considered false.", 'It is a simple truth that loot isa possession.']
|
Assuming the notion that 'a financial condition is a condition' is untrue, we know that some people are very allergic to the substance the cockroach leaves behind. Should it be the case that loot isa possession, it follows that the statement 'some people are very allergic to the substance the cockroach leaves behind' can be considered false. It is a simple truth that loot isa possession.
|
It is true that a financial condition is a condition.
|
A financial condition is a condition.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'A financial condition is a condition.', 1: 'Some people are very allergic to the substance the cockroach leaves behind.', 2: 'Loot isa possession.'}
| 2 |
1,397 |
['It is rational to believe that either either high fiber diets interfere with absorption or jellyfish use tentacles or biological feedbacks can, like clouds, work both ways.', "So long as either high fiber diets interfere with absorption or jellyfish use tentacles, 'birds lose their feathers at certain times ' is true.", 'It is rational to believe that either shorthaired dogs can have their coats towel dried in a circular motion or if biological feedbacks can, like clouds, work both ways, then birds lose their feathers at certain times .', 'The statement, shorthaired dogs can have their coats towel dried in a circular motion, does not hold.']
|
It is rational to believe that either either high fiber diets interfere with absorption or jellyfish use tentacles or biological feedbacks can, like clouds, work both ways. So long as either high fiber diets interfere with absorption or jellyfish use tentacles, 'birds lose their feathers at certain times ' is true. It is rational to believe that either shorthaired dogs can have their coats towel dried in a circular motion or if biological feedbacks can, like clouds, work both ways, then birds lose their feathers at certain times . The statement, shorthaired dogs can have their coats towel dried in a circular motion, does not hold.
|
Many people rightly believe that birds lose their feathers at certain times .
|
We know that the claim that birds lose their feathers at certain times is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [3], then [0].).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Birds lose their feathers at certain times .', 1: 'High fiber diets interfere with absorption.', 2: 'Jellyfish use tentacles.', 3: 'Biological feedbacks can, like clouds, work both ways.', 4: 'Shorthaired dogs can have their coats towel dried in a circular motion.'}
| 2 |
1,721 |
['We know that either turkish Carpets are famous for their beauty and durability or freckles are more common in people with blond or red hair.', "Provided that freckles are more common in people with blond or red hair, we know that the statement 'all magnets have two or more poles, each of which is either a north pole or a south pole' can be considered false.", "Assuming it is not the case that if turkish Carpets are famous for their beauty and durability, then the statement 'all magnets have two or more poles, each of which is either a north pole or a south pole' can be considered false, we know that roll calls are utterances.", "If it is not the case that if turkish Carpets are famous for their beauty and durability, then the statement 'all magnets have two or more poles, each of which is either a north pole or a south pole' can be considered false, then the claim that roll calls are utterances is false."]
|
We know that either turkish Carpets are famous for their beauty and durability or freckles are more common in people with blond or red hair. Provided that freckles are more common in people with blond or red hair, we know that the statement 'all magnets have two or more poles, each of which is either a north pole or a south pole' can be considered false. Assuming it is not the case that if turkish Carpets are famous for their beauty and durability, then the statement 'all magnets have two or more poles, each of which is either a north pole or a south pole' can be considered false, we know that roll calls are utterances. If it is not the case that if turkish Carpets are famous for their beauty and durability, then the statement 'all magnets have two or more poles, each of which is either a north pole or a south pole' can be considered false, then the claim that roll calls are utterances is false.
|
The statement 'all magnets have two or more poles, each of which is either a north pole or a south pole' can be considered false.
|
Many people rightly believe that all magnets have two or more poles, each of which is either a north pole or a south pole.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'All magnets have two or more poles, each of which is either a north pole or a south pole.', 1: 'Turkish Carpets are famous for their beauty and durability.', 2: 'Freckles are more common in people with blond or red hair.', 3: 'Roll calls are utterances.'}
| 2 |
1,858 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that swimsuits dry in minutes.', 'On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that either swimsuits dry in minutes or students to write paragraphs, it is definitely the case that if shingles is a disease caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, then a gaslight is light.', 'The claim that if shingles is a disease caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, then a gaslight is light does not correspond with reality.']
|
Some people mistakenly believe that swimsuits dry in minutes. On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that either swimsuits dry in minutes or students to write paragraphs, it is definitely the case that if shingles is a disease caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, then a gaslight is light. The claim that if shingles is a disease caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox, then a gaslight is light does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that students to write paragraphs is true.
|
We know that the claim that students to write paragraphs is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Students to write paragraphs.', 1: 'Swimsuits dry in minutes.', 2: 'Shingles is a disease caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox.', 3: 'A gaslight is light.'}
| 2 |
1,691 |
['We know that either ionic compounds have every ion in a fixed position or children are especially prone to lice infestation.', 'Should it be the case that ionic compounds have every ion in a fixed position, it follows that some systems require less work in setting up and planting than growing in soil.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: red wine is made from red grapes , and white wine is made from white grapes , or either rock art is one of the best ways to understand prehistoric conceptuality or juveniles are highly carnivorous, but as they grow older, eat more vegetable matter.', 'Once we know red wine is made from red grapes , and white wine is made from white grapes , we also know that if children are especially prone to lice infestation, then some systems require less work in setting up and planting than growing in soil.', "Whenever it is true that either rock art is one of the best ways to understand prehistoric conceptuality or juveniles are highly carnivorous, but as they grow older, eat more vegetable matter, 'if children are especially prone to lice infestation, then some systems require less work in setting up and planting than growing in soil' is true."]
|
We know that either ionic compounds have every ion in a fixed position or children are especially prone to lice infestation. Should it be the case that ionic compounds have every ion in a fixed position, it follows that some systems require less work in setting up and planting than growing in soil. Either one or both of these statements are true: red wine is made from red grapes , and white wine is made from white grapes , or either rock art is one of the best ways to understand prehistoric conceptuality or juveniles are highly carnivorous, but as they grow older, eat more vegetable matter. Once we know red wine is made from red grapes , and white wine is made from white grapes , we also know that if children are especially prone to lice infestation, then some systems require less work in setting up and planting than growing in soil. Whenever it is true that either rock art is one of the best ways to understand prehistoric conceptuality or juveniles are highly carnivorous, but as they grow older, eat more vegetable matter, 'if children are especially prone to lice infestation, then some systems require less work in setting up and planting than growing in soil' is true.
|
some systems require less work in setting up and planting than growing in soil.
|
The statement that states some systems require less work in setting up and planting than growing in soil is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].).
If [3], then (If [2], then [0].).
If (Either [4] or [5].), then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Some systems require less work in setting up and planting than growing in soil.', 1: 'Ionic compounds have every ion in a fixed position.', 2: 'Children are especially prone to lice infestation.', 3: 'Red wine is made from red grapes , and white wine is made from white grapes .', 4: 'Rock art is one of the best ways to understand prehistoric conceptuality.', 5: 'Juveniles are highly carnivorous, but as they grow older, eat more vegetable matter.'}
| 2 |
1,104 |
['Given that buffs are implements, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that growth stocks are scarce in the Singapore market.', 'Given that if some gum contains calories, then strontium also bioaccumulates in the body, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that growth stocks are scarce in the Singapore market.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either buffs are implements or if some gum contains calories, then strontium also bioaccumulates in the body does not correspond with reality, then vegetables can be as filling as flavorful as any piece of meat, especially when cooked on the grill.', 'Given that the claim that either buffs are implements or if some gum contains calories, then strontium also bioaccumulates in the body does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that the claim that vegetables can be as filling as flavorful as any piece of meat, especially when cooked on the grill does not correspond with reality.']
|
Given that buffs are implements, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that growth stocks are scarce in the Singapore market. Given that if some gum contains calories, then strontium also bioaccumulates in the body, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that growth stocks are scarce in the Singapore market. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that either buffs are implements or if some gum contains calories, then strontium also bioaccumulates in the body does not correspond with reality, then vegetables can be as filling as flavorful as any piece of meat, especially when cooked on the grill. Given that the claim that either buffs are implements or if some gum contains calories, then strontium also bioaccumulates in the body does not correspond with reality, it can be inferred that the claim that vegetables can be as filling as flavorful as any piece of meat, especially when cooked on the grill does not correspond with reality.
|
It is a common misconception that growth stocks are scarce in the Singapore market.
|
The claim that growth stocks are in companies whose stock price appreciates with time does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).).), then [4].
If (Not (Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'Growth stocks are scarce in the Singapore market.', 1: 'Buffs are implements.', 2: 'Some gum contains calories.', 3: 'Strontium also bioaccumulates in the body.', 4: 'Vegetables can be as filling as flavorful as any piece of meat, especially when cooked on the grill.'}
| 2 |
1,303 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: either pneumonic tularemia is an illness characterized primarily by pneumonia or focus is points, or live vegetables are much like sprouts or seeds.', 'There is good reason to believe that either bacteria can develop in watering systems like a lawn sprinkling system or those that suggest either pneumonic tularemia is an illness characterized primarily by pneumonia or focus is points are wrong.', 'We know that the claim that bacteria can develop in watering systems like a lawn sprinkling system is false.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: either pneumonic tularemia is an illness characterized primarily by pneumonia or focus is points, or live vegetables are much like sprouts or seeds. There is good reason to believe that either bacteria can develop in watering systems like a lawn sprinkling system or those that suggest either pneumonic tularemia is an illness characterized primarily by pneumonia or focus is points are wrong. We know that the claim that bacteria can develop in watering systems like a lawn sprinkling system is false.
|
It is rational to agree that live vegetables are much like sprouts or seeds.
|
Some terrapins eat snails.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Not [3].
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Live vegetables are much like sprouts or seeds.', 1: 'Pneumonic tularemia is an illness characterized primarily by pneumonia.', 2: 'Focus is points.', 3: 'Bacteria can develop in watering systems like a lawn sprinkling system.'}
| 2 |
1,549 |
['At least one of two things is true: stress leads to tension, physical and emotional strain, or the claim that doctors use medicines to eliminate or reduce pain and to improve functioning is false.', "Whenever it is true that marine snow is the basis of much life on the ocean floor, 'the statement that states stress leads to tension, physical and emotional strain is false' is true.", "The statement 'marine snow is the basis of much life on the ocean floor' is true."]
|
At least one of two things is true: stress leads to tension, physical and emotional strain, or the claim that doctors use medicines to eliminate or reduce pain and to improve functioning is false. Whenever it is true that marine snow is the basis of much life on the ocean floor, 'the statement that states stress leads to tension, physical and emotional strain is false' is true. The statement 'marine snow is the basis of much life on the ocean floor' is true.
|
The claim that doctors use medicines to eliminate or reduce pain and to improve functioning is false.
|
It is not true that doctors do injections.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Doctors use medicines to eliminate or reduce pain and to improve functioning.', 1: 'Stress leads to tension, physical and emotional strain.', 2: 'Marine snow is the basis of much life on the ocean floor.'}
| 2 |
1,729 |
["Whenever it is true that education has a particular role to play in building a more united and peaceful world, 'it is a common misconception that blue jays are more fighting birds and passive aggressive' is true.", 'If the claim that education has a particular role to play in building a more united and peaceful world is false, then few insecticides are effective for spider mites and many even aggravate problems.', 'The statement, few insecticides are effective for spider mites and many even aggravate problems, does not hold.']
|
Whenever it is true that education has a particular role to play in building a more united and peaceful world, 'it is a common misconception that blue jays are more fighting birds and passive aggressive' is true. If the claim that education has a particular role to play in building a more united and peaceful world is false, then few insecticides are effective for spider mites and many even aggravate problems. The statement, few insecticides are effective for spider mites and many even aggravate problems, does not hold.
|
It is a common misconception that blue jays are more fighting birds and passive aggressive.
|
It is fair to say that blue jays are more fighting birds and passive aggressive.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Blue jays are more fighting birds and passive aggressive.', 1: 'Education has a particular role to play in building a more united and peaceful world.', 2: 'Few insecticides are effective for spider mites and many even aggravate problems.'}
| 2 |
1,208 |
['It is rational to believe that either some globes have poles or fits can occur for lots of reasons, including eating something toxic, liver shunts, or epilepsy.', 'Assuming some globes have poles, we know that most hyenas eat food.', "One may reasonably assume that if fits can occur for lots of reasons, including eating something toxic, liver shunts, or epilepsy, then giant planets carry the lion's share of angular momentum in a stellar system.", "Assuming giant planets carry the lion's share of angular momentum in a stellar system, we know that initialization is the process of setting the initial value of a variable ."]
|
It is rational to believe that either some globes have poles or fits can occur for lots of reasons, including eating something toxic, liver shunts, or epilepsy. Assuming some globes have poles, we know that most hyenas eat food. One may reasonably assume that if fits can occur for lots of reasons, including eating something toxic, liver shunts, or epilepsy, then giant planets carry the lion's share of angular momentum in a stellar system. Assuming giant planets carry the lion's share of angular momentum in a stellar system, we know that initialization is the process of setting the initial value of a variable .
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: most hyenas eat food, or initialization is the process of setting the initial value of a variable .
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: most hyenas eat food, or initialization is the process of setting the initial value of a variable .
|
TRUE
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [0].
If [3], then [1]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [4].
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, If [3], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most hyenas eat food.', 1: 'Initialization is the process of setting the initial value of a variable .', 2: 'Some globes have poles.', 3: 'Fits can occur for lots of reasons, including eating something toxic, liver shunts, or epilepsy.', 4: "Giant planets carry the lion's share of angular momentum in a stellar system."}
| 2 |
1,302 |
['The claim that high clouds tend to be darker, where low clouds are lighter colored holds true.', 'There is good reason to believe that either macaws generally nest in treeholes or crevices in rocks or smoke bothers people.', "Whenever it is true that macaws generally nest in treeholes or crevices in rocks, 'if high clouds tend to be darker, where low clouds are lighter colored, then if women still tend to work in a more limited range of occupations than men, then most squirrels prefer areas' is true.", "So long as smoke bothers people, 'if high clouds tend to be darker, where low clouds are lighter colored, then if women still tend to work in a more limited range of occupations than men, then most squirrels prefer areas' is true."]
|
The claim that high clouds tend to be darker, where low clouds are lighter colored holds true. There is good reason to believe that either macaws generally nest in treeholes or crevices in rocks or smoke bothers people. Whenever it is true that macaws generally nest in treeholes or crevices in rocks, 'if high clouds tend to be darker, where low clouds are lighter colored, then if women still tend to work in a more limited range of occupations than men, then most squirrels prefer areas' is true. So long as smoke bothers people, 'if high clouds tend to be darker, where low clouds are lighter colored, then if women still tend to work in a more limited range of occupations than men, then most squirrels prefer areas' is true.
|
Assuming women still tend to work in a more limited range of occupations than men, we know that most squirrels prefer areas.
|
Assuming women still tend to work in a more limited range of occupations than men, we know that most squirrels prefer areas.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).
If [4], then (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Women still tend to work in a more limited range of occupations than men.', 1: 'Most squirrels prefer areas.', 2: 'High clouds tend to be darker, where low clouds are lighter colored.', 3: 'Macaws generally nest in treeholes or crevices in rocks.', 4: 'Smoke bothers people.'}
| 2 |
1,051 |
['When if chameleons reside in habitats, then schools are responsible for providing children with a quality education is true, it follows that dinosaurs use jaws.', "One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'if chameleons reside in habitats, then schools are responsible for providing children with a quality education' is untrue, then servals have a very unique hunting style.", "The statement 'servals have a very unique hunting style' can be considered false."]
|
When if chameleons reside in habitats, then schools are responsible for providing children with a quality education is true, it follows that dinosaurs use jaws. One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'if chameleons reside in habitats, then schools are responsible for providing children with a quality education' is untrue, then servals have a very unique hunting style. The statement 'servals have a very unique hunting style' can be considered false.
|
It is true that dinosaurs use jaws.
|
The claim that dinosaurs use jaws does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [1], then [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Dinosaurs use jaws.', 1: 'Chameleons reside in habitats.', 2: 'Schools are responsible for providing children with a quality education.', 3: 'Servals have a very unique hunting style.'}
| 2 |
1,090 |
["So long as soil texture is based on content, 'personal loans are loans' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either pastels can weigh heavily on the eye or soil texture is based on content.', 'The claim that pastels can weigh heavily on the eye has no merit.']
|
So long as soil texture is based on content, 'personal loans are loans' is true. There is good reason to believe that either pastels can weigh heavily on the eye or soil texture is based on content. The claim that pastels can weigh heavily on the eye has no merit.
|
It is true that personal loans are loans.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that personal loans are loans.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Personal loans are loans.', 1: 'Soil texture is based on content.', 2: 'Pastels can weigh heavily on the eye.'}
| 2 |
1,354 |
['Should it be the case that photons fall under gravity, it follows that cultural growth is equally as important as economic growth.', 'Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that photons fall under gravity, it follows that night herons have heavy bodies and short, thick necks.', "So long as some people mistakenly believe that photons fall under gravity, 'the statement 'night herons have heavy bodies and short, thick necks' can be considered false' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that photons fall under gravity, it follows that cultural growth is equally as important as economic growth. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that photons fall under gravity, it follows that night herons have heavy bodies and short, thick necks. So long as some people mistakenly believe that photons fall under gravity, 'the statement 'night herons have heavy bodies and short, thick necks' can be considered false' is true.
|
The statement 'cultural growth is equally as important as economic growth' is true.
|
Carbohydrates come in two main types, simple and complex.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Cultural growth is equally as important as economic growth.', 1: 'Photons fall under gravity.', 2: 'Night herons have heavy bodies and short, thick necks.'}
| 2 |
1,632 |
["Once we know the statement that states some gardeners arrange their gardens in mixed rows or beds is false, we also know that the statement 'tunicates can reproduce asexually and sexually' can be considered false.", 'We know that either substance abuse puts a strain on relationships or monsters are located in beds.', 'Given that substance abuse puts a strain on relationships, it can be inferred that if the statement that states some gardeners arrange their gardens in mixed rows or beds is false, then tunicates can reproduce asexually and sexually.', 'Assuming monsters are located in beds, we know that if the statement that states some gardeners arrange their gardens in mixed rows or beds is false, then tunicates can reproduce asexually and sexually.']
|
Once we know the statement that states some gardeners arrange their gardens in mixed rows or beds is false, we also know that the statement 'tunicates can reproduce asexually and sexually' can be considered false. We know that either substance abuse puts a strain on relationships or monsters are located in beds. Given that substance abuse puts a strain on relationships, it can be inferred that if the statement that states some gardeners arrange their gardens in mixed rows or beds is false, then tunicates can reproduce asexually and sexually. Assuming monsters are located in beds, we know that if the statement that states some gardeners arrange their gardens in mixed rows or beds is false, then tunicates can reproduce asexually and sexually.
|
The statement that states some gardeners arrange their gardens in mixed rows or beds is right.
|
Some gardeners prefer rotted leaf mold.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Some gardeners arrange their gardens in mixed rows or beds.', 1: 'Tunicates can reproduce asexually and sexually.', 2: 'Substance abuse puts a strain on relationships.', 3: 'Monsters are located in beds.'}
| 2 |
1,460 |
['When citrus is sensitive to boron is true, it follows that it is a common misconception that crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons of different size chains.', "It is rational to believe that either if most substances contain carbon, then some data suggest that it reduces the blood's tendency to clot or if citrus is sensitive to boron, then crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons of different size chains.", "The statement, if most substances contain carbon, then some data suggest that it reduces the blood's tendency to clot, does not hold."]
|
When citrus is sensitive to boron is true, it follows that it is a common misconception that crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons of different size chains. It is rational to believe that either if most substances contain carbon, then some data suggest that it reduces the blood's tendency to clot or if citrus is sensitive to boron, then crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons of different size chains. The statement, if most substances contain carbon, then some data suggest that it reduces the blood's tendency to clot, does not hold.
|
The notion that 'citrus is sensitive to boron' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'citrus is sensitive to boron' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [0], then [1].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Citrus is sensitive to boron.', 1: 'Crude oil is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons of different size chains.', 2: 'Most substances contain carbon.', 3: "Some data suggest that it reduces the blood's tendency to clot."}
| 2 |
1,022 |
['The claim that directives are the mechanism by which European-wide legislation is enacted does not correspond with reality.', "Whenever it is true that if respect is the foundation of self-worth, then digoxin is concentrated in tissues and therefore has a large apparent volume of distribution, 'either directives are the mechanism by which European-wide legislation is enacted or the statement that 'some snails eat fish' is incorrect' is true.", 'Should it be the case that respect is the foundation of self-worth, it follows that digoxin is concentrated in tissues and therefore has a large apparent volume of distribution.']
|
The claim that directives are the mechanism by which European-wide legislation is enacted does not correspond with reality. Whenever it is true that if respect is the foundation of self-worth, then digoxin is concentrated in tissues and therefore has a large apparent volume of distribution, 'either directives are the mechanism by which European-wide legislation is enacted or the statement that 'some snails eat fish' is incorrect' is true. Should it be the case that respect is the foundation of self-worth, it follows that digoxin is concentrated in tissues and therefore has a large apparent volume of distribution.
|
The statement that 'some snails eat fish' is incorrect.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that snails can have a long life.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Some snails eat fish.', 1: 'Directives are the mechanism by which European-wide legislation is enacted.', 2: 'Respect is the foundation of self-worth.', 3: 'Digoxin is concentrated in tissues and therefore has a large apparent volume of distribution.'}
| 2 |
1,374 |
['It is not true that hair growth occurs on tops.', 'Once we know it is not true that if the claim that early planting gives larger plants that are more tolerant to insect and disease damage does not reflect reality, then hair growth occurs on tops, we also know that most plants receive light.', 'If it is not true that if the claim that early planting gives larger plants that are more tolerant to insect and disease damage does not reflect reality, then hair growth occurs on tops, then the statement, most plants receive light, does not hold.']
|
It is not true that hair growth occurs on tops. Once we know it is not true that if the claim that early planting gives larger plants that are more tolerant to insect and disease damage does not reflect reality, then hair growth occurs on tops, we also know that most plants receive light. If it is not true that if the claim that early planting gives larger plants that are more tolerant to insect and disease damage does not reflect reality, then hair growth occurs on tops, then the statement, most plants receive light, does not hold.
|
early planting gives larger plants that are more tolerant to insect and disease damage.
|
Early planting gives larger plants that are more tolerant to insect and disease damage.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Early planting gives larger plants that are more tolerant to insect and disease damage.', 1: 'Hair growth occurs on tops.', 2: 'Most plants receive light.'}
| 2 |
1,546 |
['Provided that the claim that cuticles have (part) plasma membranes is false, we know that if seed plants produce kinds, then deer have (part) cell membranes.', "So long as if seed plants produce kinds, then deer have (part) cell membranes, 'ferrets love to steal loose objects and wrestle' is true.", 'Provided that if seed plants produce kinds, then deer have (part) cell membranes, we know that it is not the case that ferrets love to steal loose objects and wrestle.']
|
Provided that the claim that cuticles have (part) plasma membranes is false, we know that if seed plants produce kinds, then deer have (part) cell membranes. So long as if seed plants produce kinds, then deer have (part) cell membranes, 'ferrets love to steal loose objects and wrestle' is true. Provided that if seed plants produce kinds, then deer have (part) cell membranes, we know that it is not the case that ferrets love to steal loose objects and wrestle.
|
It is fair to say that cuticles have (part) plasma membranes.
|
It is fair to say that cuticles have (part) plasma membranes.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Cuticles have (part) plasma membranes.', 1: 'Seed plants produce kinds.', 2: 'Deer have (part) cell membranes.', 3: 'Ferrets love to steal loose objects and wrestle.'}
| 2 |
1,439 |
["So long as we know that the claim that liberation day is a public holiday once every five years is false, 'it is not true that if care involves families, then deltas are sand' is true.", 'On the condition that we know that the claim that liberation day is a public holiday once every five years is false, it is definitely the case that some people are allergic to penicillin.', 'On the condition that some people are allergic to penicillin, it is definitely the case that if care involves families, then deltas are sand.']
|
So long as we know that the claim that liberation day is a public holiday once every five years is false, 'it is not true that if care involves families, then deltas are sand' is true. On the condition that we know that the claim that liberation day is a public holiday once every five years is false, it is definitely the case that some people are allergic to penicillin. On the condition that some people are allergic to penicillin, it is definitely the case that if care involves families, then deltas are sand.
|
The claim that liberation day is a public holiday once every five years holds true.
|
The claim that liberation day is a public holiday once every five years holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3].
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Liberation day is a public holiday once every five years.', 1: 'Care involves families.', 2: 'Deltas are sand.', 3: 'Some people are allergic to penicillin.'}
| 2 |
1,218 |
['One may reasonably assume that if extravascular injection can cause the overlying skin to slough, with subsequent scarring, then the statement that states some cameras avoid red eye effects by using the pre-flash function of many flashes is false.', 'Given that some lesser kudus have distinctive stripes, it can be inferred that extravascular injection can cause the overlying skin to slough, with subsequent scarring.', "The statement 'some lesser kudus have distinctive stripes' is true."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if extravascular injection can cause the overlying skin to slough, with subsequent scarring, then the statement that states some cameras avoid red eye effects by using the pre-flash function of many flashes is false. Given that some lesser kudus have distinctive stripes, it can be inferred that extravascular injection can cause the overlying skin to slough, with subsequent scarring. The statement 'some lesser kudus have distinctive stripes' is true.
|
The statement that states some cameras avoid red eye effects by using the pre-flash function of many flashes is false.
|
The statement that states some cameras avoid red eye effects by using the pre-flash function of many flashes is false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then [1].
[2]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Some cameras avoid red eye effects by using the pre-flash function of many flashes.', 1: 'Extravascular injection can cause the overlying skin to slough, with subsequent scarring.', 2: 'Some lesser kudus have distinctive stripes.'}
| 2 |
1,737 |
['The statement that states dinosaurs are a group of extinct lizards, who now exist only in fossil form is right.', 'We know that either involuntary servitude is imposed on the free market or members find strength.', 'Provided that involuntary servitude is imposed on the free market, we know that if dinosaurs are a group of extinct lizards, who now exist only in fossil form, then pressure makes diamonds and friction makes pearls.', 'Assuming members find strength, we know that if dinosaurs are a group of extinct lizards, who now exist only in fossil form, then pressure makes diamonds and friction makes pearls.']
|
The statement that states dinosaurs are a group of extinct lizards, who now exist only in fossil form is right. We know that either involuntary servitude is imposed on the free market or members find strength. Provided that involuntary servitude is imposed on the free market, we know that if dinosaurs are a group of extinct lizards, who now exist only in fossil form, then pressure makes diamonds and friction makes pearls. Assuming members find strength, we know that if dinosaurs are a group of extinct lizards, who now exist only in fossil form, then pressure makes diamonds and friction makes pearls.
|
pressure makes diamonds and friction makes pearls.
|
Pressure makes diamonds and friction makes pearls.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Pressure makes diamonds and friction makes pearls.', 1: 'Dinosaurs are a group of extinct lizards, who now exist only in fossil form.', 2: 'Involuntary servitude is imposed on the free market.', 3: 'Members find strength.'}
| 2 |
1,505 |
["Once we know either fishes play a vital role in the reef's food web, acting as both predators and prey or haemodialysis involves using a dialysis machine and an artificial kidney to filter the blood, we also know that the claim that web design is about content, context, navigation and usability does not reflect reality.", "Should it be the case that traditional healers treat psychosomatic disorders, it follows that if either fishes play a vital role in the reef's food web, acting as both predators and prey or haemodialysis involves using a dialysis machine and an artificial kidney to filter the blood, then web design is about content, context, navigation and usability.", 'It is true that traditional healers treat psychosomatic disorders.']
|
Once we know either fishes play a vital role in the reef's food web, acting as both predators and prey or haemodialysis involves using a dialysis machine and an artificial kidney to filter the blood, we also know that the claim that web design is about content, context, navigation and usability does not reflect reality. Should it be the case that traditional healers treat psychosomatic disorders, it follows that if either fishes play a vital role in the reef's food web, acting as both predators and prey or haemodialysis involves using a dialysis machine and an artificial kidney to filter the blood, then web design is about content, context, navigation and usability. It is true that traditional healers treat psychosomatic disorders.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that either fishes play a vital role in the reef's food web, acting as both predators and prey or haemodialysis involves using a dialysis machine and an artificial kidney to filter the blood.
|
It is a common misconception that fish is still important to their diet today.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].).
[3]
Therefore, If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2]..
|
{0: "Fishes play a vital role in the reef's food web, acting as both predators and prey.", 1: 'Haemodialysis involves using a dialysis machine and an artificial kidney to filter the blood.', 2: 'Web design is about content, context, navigation and usability.', 3: 'Traditional healers treat psychosomatic disorders.'}
| 2 |
1,605 |
['Once we know the statement, either pest controllers locate, identify, destroy, and repel pests or boxing gyms tend to have one hundred to one hundred fifty pound heavy bags, does not hold, we also know that meltwaters flow to the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans.', 'One may reasonably assume that if dead foods equals dull, lifeless, often times diseased birds, then the claim that meltwaters flow to the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans is false.', 'The claim that dead foods equals dull, lifeless, often times diseased birds holds true.']
|
Once we know the statement, either pest controllers locate, identify, destroy, and repel pests or boxing gyms tend to have one hundred to one hundred fifty pound heavy bags, does not hold, we also know that meltwaters flow to the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans. One may reasonably assume that if dead foods equals dull, lifeless, often times diseased birds, then the claim that meltwaters flow to the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans is false. The claim that dead foods equals dull, lifeless, often times diseased birds holds true.
|
It is a fact that either pest controllers locate, identify, destroy, and repel pests or boxing gyms tend to have one hundred to one hundred fifty pound heavy bags.
|
It is a fact that either pest controllers locate, identify, destroy, and repel pests or boxing gyms tend to have one hundred to one hundred fifty pound heavy bags.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not [2].).
[3]
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Pest controllers locate, identify, destroy, and repel pests.', 1: 'Boxing gyms tend to have one hundred to one hundred fifty pound heavy bags.', 2: 'Meltwaters flow to the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans.', 3: 'Dead foods equals dull, lifeless, often times diseased birds.'}
| 2 |
1,801 |
["So long as some epidermises are part of penises, 'either credit bureaus are repositories of credit information or commercial production is from ethylbenzene, obtained by alkylation of benzene with ethylene' is true.", "Either one or both of these statements are true: either chastity is expressed notably in friendship with one's neighbor or some reptiles require care, or free electrons are electrons.", "Whenever it is true that either chastity is expressed notably in friendship with one's neighbor or some reptiles require care, 'if some epidermises are part of penises, then the statement, either credit bureaus are repositories of credit information or commercial production is from ethylbenzene, obtained by alkylation of benzene with ethylene, does not hold' is true.", 'Should it be the case that free electrons are electrons, it follows that if some epidermises are part of penises, then the statement, either credit bureaus are repositories of credit information or commercial production is from ethylbenzene, obtained by alkylation of benzene with ethylene, does not hold.']
|
So long as some epidermises are part of penises, 'either credit bureaus are repositories of credit information or commercial production is from ethylbenzene, obtained by alkylation of benzene with ethylene' is true. Either one or both of these statements are true: either chastity is expressed notably in friendship with one's neighbor or some reptiles require care, or free electrons are electrons. Whenever it is true that either chastity is expressed notably in friendship with one's neighbor or some reptiles require care, 'if some epidermises are part of penises, then the statement, either credit bureaus are repositories of credit information or commercial production is from ethylbenzene, obtained by alkylation of benzene with ethylene, does not hold' is true. Should it be the case that free electrons are electrons, it follows that if some epidermises are part of penises, then the statement, either credit bureaus are repositories of credit information or commercial production is from ethylbenzene, obtained by alkylation of benzene with ethylene, does not hold.
|
It is a common misconception that some epidermises are part of penises.
|
It is reasonable to believe that some epidermises are part of penises.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [0], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [0], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).
If [5], then (If [0], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).
Therefore, If [0], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Some epidermises are part of penises.', 1: 'Credit bureaus are repositories of credit information.', 2: 'Commercial production is from ethylbenzene, obtained by alkylation of benzene with ethylene.', 3: "Chastity is expressed notably in friendship with one's neighbor.", 4: 'Some reptiles require care.', 5: 'Free electrons are electrons.'}
| 2 |
1,948 |
["So long as all insects have six legs, and all spiders have eight legs, 'the claim that if sleep apnea is apnea, then local governments are accountable for actions that cause harm to individuals does not correspond with reality' is true.", 'Should it be the case that keratin is proteins, it follows that if all insects have six legs, and all spiders have eight legs, then if sleep apnea is apnea, then local governments are accountable for actions that cause harm to individuals.', 'It is rational to agree that keratin is proteins.']
|
So long as all insects have six legs, and all spiders have eight legs, 'the claim that if sleep apnea is apnea, then local governments are accountable for actions that cause harm to individuals does not correspond with reality' is true. Should it be the case that keratin is proteins, it follows that if all insects have six legs, and all spiders have eight legs, then if sleep apnea is apnea, then local governments are accountable for actions that cause harm to individuals. It is rational to agree that keratin is proteins.
|
It is not the case that all insects have six legs, and all spiders have eight legs.
|
Those that suggest all insects have six legs, and all spiders have eight legs are right.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, If [0], then (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'All insects have six legs, and all spiders have eight legs.', 1: 'Sleep apnea is apnea.', 2: 'Local governments are accountable for actions that cause harm to individuals.', 3: 'Keratin is proteins.'}
| 2 |
1,683 |
['It is rational to believe that either most healthy trees provide wildlife habitats or either many species have different summer and winter ranges or most passageways lead from mouths.', "Given that humans are susceptible to a related enterovirus that causes hand, foot and mouth disease, it can be inferred that the statement 'most healthy trees provide wildlife habitats' can be considered false.", 'It is the case that humans are susceptible to a related enterovirus that causes hand, foot and mouth disease.']
|
It is rational to believe that either most healthy trees provide wildlife habitats or either many species have different summer and winter ranges or most passageways lead from mouths. Given that humans are susceptible to a related enterovirus that causes hand, foot and mouth disease, it can be inferred that the statement 'most healthy trees provide wildlife habitats' can be considered false. It is the case that humans are susceptible to a related enterovirus that causes hand, foot and mouth disease.
|
There is good reason to believe that either many species have different summer and winter ranges or most passageways lead from mouths.
|
We know that either most species are free-living herbivores, bacteriovores or predators or passageways allow for immigration emigration.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not [2].).
[3]
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Many species have different summer and winter ranges.', 1: 'Most passageways lead from mouths.', 2: 'Most healthy trees provide wildlife habitats.', 3: 'Humans are susceptible to a related enterovirus that causes hand, foot and mouth disease.'}
| 2 |
1,205 |
["Whenever it is true that the claim that most stars are too faint to see without a telescope is false, 'melanin is present in tissues as granules' is true.", 'On the condition that the claim that most stars are too faint to see without a telescope is false, it is definitely the case that eukaryotic cells can differentiate and organize making it possible for multicellularity.', 'If eukaryotic cells can differentiate and organize making it possible for multicellularity, then the statement, melanin is present in tissues as granules, does not hold.']
|
Whenever it is true that the claim that most stars are too faint to see without a telescope is false, 'melanin is present in tissues as granules' is true. On the condition that the claim that most stars are too faint to see without a telescope is false, it is definitely the case that eukaryotic cells can differentiate and organize making it possible for multicellularity. If eukaryotic cells can differentiate and organize making it possible for multicellularity, then the statement, melanin is present in tissues as granules, does not hold.
|
The claim that most stars are too faint to see without a telescope is true.
|
The claim that most stars are too faint to see without a telescope is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most stars are too faint to see without a telescope.', 1: 'Melanin is present in tissues as granules.', 2: 'Eukaryotic cells can differentiate and organize making it possible for multicellularity.'}
| 2 |
1,647 |
["The notion that 'leeches are attracted to the exposed skin of warm-blooded animals' is untrue.", "When the statement that 'either leeches are attracted to the exposed skin of warm-blooded animals or some poisonous predators feed on other arthropods' is incorrect is true, it follows that liver diseases cause damage.", "On the condition that the statement that 'either leeches are attracted to the exposed skin of warm-blooded animals or some poisonous predators feed on other arthropods' is incorrect, it is definitely the case that some people mistakenly believe that liver diseases cause damage."]
|
The notion that 'leeches are attracted to the exposed skin of warm-blooded animals' is untrue. When the statement that 'either leeches are attracted to the exposed skin of warm-blooded animals or some poisonous predators feed on other arthropods' is incorrect is true, it follows that liver diseases cause damage. On the condition that the statement that 'either leeches are attracted to the exposed skin of warm-blooded animals or some poisonous predators feed on other arthropods' is incorrect, it is definitely the case that some people mistakenly believe that liver diseases cause damage.
|
The statement that states some poisonous predators feed on other arthropods is right.
|
The statement 'some poisonous predators feed on other arthropods' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Some poisonous predators feed on other arthropods.', 1: 'Leeches are attracted to the exposed skin of warm-blooded animals.', 2: 'Liver diseases cause damage.'}
| 2 |
1,190 |
['When axes have (part) axe handles is true, it follows that the statement, queen palms grow faster when given more water and fertilizer, does not hold.', 'Either capitalism is the private ownership of the means of production for profit or axes have (part) axe handles.', 'The claim that capitalism is the private ownership of the means of production for profit does not correspond with reality.']
|
When axes have (part) axe handles is true, it follows that the statement, queen palms grow faster when given more water and fertilizer, does not hold. Either capitalism is the private ownership of the means of production for profit or axes have (part) axe handles. The claim that capitalism is the private ownership of the means of production for profit does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement, queen palms grow faster when given more water and fertilizer, does not hold.
|
Queen palms grow faster when given more water and fertilizer.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Queen palms grow faster when given more water and fertilizer.', 1: 'Axes have (part) axe handles.', 2: 'Capitalism is the private ownership of the means of production for profit.'}
| 2 |
1,361 |
["The statement 'worms sometimes causes spasms or convulsions' can be considered true.", 'If worms sometimes causes spasms or convulsions, then if internal worship consists of the acts of the soul, then proteins are organic compounds that consists of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds.', 'On the condition that if internal worship consists of the acts of the soul, then proteins are organic compounds that consists of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds, it is definitely the case that some traps still use poison to kill the silverfish bug.']
|
The statement 'worms sometimes causes spasms or convulsions' can be considered true. If worms sometimes causes spasms or convulsions, then if internal worship consists of the acts of the soul, then proteins are organic compounds that consists of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds. On the condition that if internal worship consists of the acts of the soul, then proteins are organic compounds that consists of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds, it is definitely the case that some traps still use poison to kill the silverfish bug.
|
It is reasonable to believe that some traps still use poison to kill the silverfish bug.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that some traps still use poison to kill the silverfish bug.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Some traps still use poison to kill the silverfish bug.', 1: 'Worms sometimes causes spasms or convulsions.', 2: 'Internal worship consists of the acts of the soul.', 3: 'Proteins are organic compounds that consists of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds.'}
| 2 |
1,664 |
['We know that either most air resistance depends on shapes or either oxygen deprivation is a major cause of spasms, other muscle pains, and sciatica or energy conservation contrasts with silicon chip technology.', 'Should it be the case that either oxygen deprivation is a major cause of spasms, other muscle pains, and sciatica or energy conservation contrasts with silicon chip technology, it follows that fruits make up more of their diet from midsummer into fall, when fruits have ripened.', 'One may reasonably assume that if other products serve same purposes, then if most air resistance depends on shapes, then fruits make up more of their diet from midsummer into fall, when fruits have ripened.', "The statement 'other products serve same purposes' can be considered true."]
|
We know that either most air resistance depends on shapes or either oxygen deprivation is a major cause of spasms, other muscle pains, and sciatica or energy conservation contrasts with silicon chip technology. Should it be the case that either oxygen deprivation is a major cause of spasms, other muscle pains, and sciatica or energy conservation contrasts with silicon chip technology, it follows that fruits make up more of their diet from midsummer into fall, when fruits have ripened. One may reasonably assume that if other products serve same purposes, then if most air resistance depends on shapes, then fruits make up more of their diet from midsummer into fall, when fruits have ripened. The statement 'other products serve same purposes' can be considered true.
|
The claim that fruits make up more of their diet from midsummer into fall, when fruits have ripened is true.
|
Fruit is a natural source of sugar and additionally furnishs fiber in the diet.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
[4]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Fruits make up more of their diet from midsummer into fall, when fruits have ripened.', 1: 'Most air resistance depends on shapes.', 2: 'Oxygen deprivation is a major cause of spasms, other muscle pains, and sciatica.', 3: 'Energy conservation contrasts with silicon chip technology.', 4: 'Other products serve same purposes.'}
| 2 |
1,375 |
['If the statement, temperatures vary considerably with height and with time of day, does not hold, then magpies are large birds .', "Given that hominid refers to human lineages only, it can be inferred that the statement that 'magpies are large birds ' is incorrect.", 'It is true that hominid refers to human lineages only.']
|
If the statement, temperatures vary considerably with height and with time of day, does not hold, then magpies are large birds . Given that hominid refers to human lineages only, it can be inferred that the statement that 'magpies are large birds ' is incorrect. It is true that hominid refers to human lineages only.
|
The statement 'temperatures vary considerably with height and with time of day' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'temperatures vary considerably with height and with time of day' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Temperatures vary considerably with height and with time of day.', 1: 'Magpies are large birds .', 2: 'Hominid refers to human lineages only.'}
| 2 |
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