id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
| depth
int64 1
7
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,687 |
['Assuming allergic conjunctivitis results from hypersensitivity to exogenous antigens, we know that the claim that death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California does not reflect reality.', 'It is rational to believe that either toads are chubbier than frogs or acupuncture is a treatment with few, if any, reported side effects.', 'If toads are chubbier than frogs, then allergic conjunctivitis results from hypersensitivity to exogenous antigens.', 'When acupuncture is a treatment with few, if any, reported side effects is true, it follows that allergic conjunctivitis results from hypersensitivity to exogenous antigens.']
|
Assuming allergic conjunctivitis results from hypersensitivity to exogenous antigens, we know that the claim that death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California does not reflect reality. It is rational to believe that either toads are chubbier than frogs or acupuncture is a treatment with few, if any, reported side effects. If toads are chubbier than frogs, then allergic conjunctivitis results from hypersensitivity to exogenous antigens. When acupuncture is a treatment with few, if any, reported side effects is true, it follows that allergic conjunctivitis results from hypersensitivity to exogenous antigens.
|
The claim that death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California does not reflect reality.
|
Those that suggest death Valley is probably most known for being the lowest land elevation in North and South America are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Death Valley is a desert valley located in Eastern California .', 1: 'Allergic conjunctivitis results from hypersensitivity to exogenous antigens.', 2: 'Toads are chubbier than frogs.', 3: 'Acupuncture is a treatment with few, if any, reported side effects.'}
| 2 |
1,500 |
["When it is a common misconception that many fireworks have an explosive stage, and have the force necessary to completely sever fingers is true, it follows that remoras are small fish that are 'hitchhikers'.", "Whenever it is true that the notion that 'if it is a common misconception that many fireworks have an explosive stage, and have the force necessary to completely sever fingers, then the claim that remoras are small fish that are 'hitchhikers' does not reflect reality' is untrue, 'some basalts are intrusive having cooled inside the Earth's interior' is true.", "The statement 'some basalts are intrusive having cooled inside the Earth's interior' can be considered false."]
|
When it is a common misconception that many fireworks have an explosive stage, and have the force necessary to completely sever fingers is true, it follows that remoras are small fish that are 'hitchhikers'. Whenever it is true that the notion that 'if it is a common misconception that many fireworks have an explosive stage, and have the force necessary to completely sever fingers, then the claim that remoras are small fish that are 'hitchhikers' does not reflect reality' is untrue, 'some basalts are intrusive having cooled inside the Earth's interior' is true. The statement 'some basalts are intrusive having cooled inside the Earth's interior' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'many fireworks have an explosive stage, and have the force necessary to completely sever fingers' is true.
|
A firework is a low explosive.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Many fireworks have an explosive stage, and have the force necessary to completely sever fingers.', 1: "Remoras are small fish that are 'hitchhikers'.", 2: "Some basalts are intrusive having cooled inside the Earth's interior."}
| 2 |
1,332 |
['The claim that hypnosis is effective for the treatment of dermatological conditions in three specific ways holds true.', 'There is good reason to believe that either coneys have (part) fishbones or if hypnosis is effective for the treatment of dermatological conditions in three specific ways, then blow wind pushes water.', 'The claim that coneys have (part) fishbones does not reflect reality.']
|
The claim that hypnosis is effective for the treatment of dermatological conditions in three specific ways holds true. There is good reason to believe that either coneys have (part) fishbones or if hypnosis is effective for the treatment of dermatological conditions in three specific ways, then blow wind pushes water. The claim that coneys have (part) fishbones does not reflect reality.
|
Those that suggest blow wind pushes water are right.
|
Those that suggest blow wind pushes water are right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Blow wind pushes water.', 1: 'Hypnosis is effective for the treatment of dermatological conditions in three specific ways.', 2: 'Coneys have (part) fishbones.'}
| 2 |
1,979 |
['When basophils are responsible for the symptoms of allergy is true, it follows that a caliph is a ruler.', "We know that either if golf is a metaphor for the self-empowerment that is learned through the adventure of life, then cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and the nature of intelligence or the statement 'a caliph is a ruler' can be considered false.", "The notion that 'if golf is a metaphor for the self-empowerment that is learned through the adventure of life, then cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and the nature of intelligence' is untrue."]
|
When basophils are responsible for the symptoms of allergy is true, it follows that a caliph is a ruler. We know that either if golf is a metaphor for the self-empowerment that is learned through the adventure of life, then cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and the nature of intelligence or the statement 'a caliph is a ruler' can be considered false. The notion that 'if golf is a metaphor for the self-empowerment that is learned through the adventure of life, then cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and the nature of intelligence' is untrue.
|
The claim that basophils are responsible for the symptoms of allergy does not correspond with reality.
|
It is reasonable to believe that basophils are responsible for the symptoms of allergy.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not [1].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Basophils are responsible for the symptoms of allergy.', 1: 'A caliph is a ruler.', 2: 'Golf is a metaphor for the self-empowerment that is learned through the adventure of life.', 3: 'Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary study of mind and the nature of intelligence.'}
| 2 |
1,817 |
['If hospice care is individualized to the needs of the patient, then bison move slowly while feeding and appear to be quite clumsy.', 'Given that either ingestion is a more efficient means of infection than injection or entry through wounds or betas originate from the slow moving, slightly stagnant waterways and rice fields of Southeast Asia, it can be inferred that if bison move slowly while feeding and appear to be quite clumsy, then idealists view the fusion between geology and archaeology as an enduring marriage.', 'There is good reason to believe that either ingestion is a more efficient means of infection than injection or entry through wounds or betas originate from the slow moving, slightly stagnant waterways and rice fields of Southeast Asia.']
|
If hospice care is individualized to the needs of the patient, then bison move slowly while feeding and appear to be quite clumsy. Given that either ingestion is a more efficient means of infection than injection or entry through wounds or betas originate from the slow moving, slightly stagnant waterways and rice fields of Southeast Asia, it can be inferred that if bison move slowly while feeding and appear to be quite clumsy, then idealists view the fusion between geology and archaeology as an enduring marriage. There is good reason to believe that either ingestion is a more efficient means of infection than injection or entry through wounds or betas originate from the slow moving, slightly stagnant waterways and rice fields of Southeast Asia.
|
Provided that hospice care is individualized to the needs of the patient, we know that idealists view the fusion between geology and archaeology as an enduring marriage
|
Provided that hospice care is individualized to the needs of the patient, we know that idealists view the fusion between geology and archaeology as an enduring marriage
|
TRUE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [2], then [1].).
Either [3] or [4].
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Hospice care is individualized to the needs of the patient.', 1: 'Idealists view the fusion between geology and archaeology as an enduring marriage.', 2: 'Bison move slowly while feeding and appear to be quite clumsy.', 3: 'Ingestion is a more efficient means of infection than injection or entry through wounds.', 4: 'Betas originate from the slow moving, slightly stagnant waterways and rice fields of Southeast Asia.'}
| 2 |
1,620 |
["The statement 'air bubbles can stop the free flow of water into the stem' can be considered true.", 'Once we know if real player is a streaming audio and video service for the internet, then atoms are too far apart, we also know that if air bubbles can stop the free flow of water into the stem, then global issues affect life.', 'Given that real player is a streaming audio and video service for the internet, it can be inferred that atoms are too far apart.']
|
The statement 'air bubbles can stop the free flow of water into the stem' can be considered true. Once we know if real player is a streaming audio and video service for the internet, then atoms are too far apart, we also know that if air bubbles can stop the free flow of water into the stem, then global issues affect life. Given that real player is a streaming audio and video service for the internet, it can be inferred that atoms are too far apart.
|
The idea that global issues affect life is true.
|
The idea that global issues affect life is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [1], then [0].).
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Global issues affect life.', 1: 'Air bubbles can stop the free flow of water into the stem.', 2: 'Real player is a streaming audio and video service for the internet.', 3: 'Atoms are too far apart.'}
| 2 |
1,814 |
['Once we know small businesses give diversity and vitality to the American economy, we also know that surface water is evaporated from the Earth by the energy of the Sun.', 'One may reasonably assume that if halos are more brilliant and complex near the poles than in other parts of the world, then surface water is evaporated from the Earth by the energy of the Sun.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: a plus is quality, or either small businesses give diversity and vitality to the American economy or halos are more brilliant and complex near the poles than in other parts of the world.', 'Those that suggest a plus is quality are wrong.']
|
Once we know small businesses give diversity and vitality to the American economy, we also know that surface water is evaporated from the Earth by the energy of the Sun. One may reasonably assume that if halos are more brilliant and complex near the poles than in other parts of the world, then surface water is evaporated from the Earth by the energy of the Sun. Either one or both of these statements are true: a plus is quality, or either small businesses give diversity and vitality to the American economy or halos are more brilliant and complex near the poles than in other parts of the world. Those that suggest a plus is quality are wrong.
|
The statement that states surface water is evaporated from the Earth by the energy of the Sun is right.
|
The claim that surface water is evaporated from the Earth by the energy of the Sun is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Surface water is evaporated from the Earth by the energy of the Sun.', 1: 'Small businesses give diversity and vitality to the American economy.', 2: 'Halos are more brilliant and complex near the poles than in other parts of the world.', 3: 'A plus is quality.'}
| 2 |
1,516 |
['It is a fact that either sycamores are insects or overview isa summary.', 'Once we know overview isa summary, we also know that nails are an extension of our skin.', 'Assuming some scientISTS understand evolution as a mindless, purposeless process, we know that if sycamores are insects, then nails are an extension of our skin.', 'It is true that some scientISTS understand evolution as a mindless, purposeless process.']
|
It is a fact that either sycamores are insects or overview isa summary. Once we know overview isa summary, we also know that nails are an extension of our skin. Assuming some scientISTS understand evolution as a mindless, purposeless process, we know that if sycamores are insects, then nails are an extension of our skin. It is true that some scientISTS understand evolution as a mindless, purposeless process.
|
It is reasonable to believe that nails are an extension of our skin.
|
It is reasonable to believe that nails are an extension of our skin.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
[3]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Nails are an extension of our skin.', 1: 'Sycamores are insects.', 2: 'Overview isa summary.', 3: 'Some scientISTS understand evolution as a mindless, purposeless process.'}
| 2 |
1,518 |
['It is a fact that either premarital sex is increasingly common or some sudden death occurs in animals.', 'Given that premarital sex is increasingly common, it can be inferred that if candidates should have skills, then lives are shaped by symbols, symbols shape people s behavior.', 'Assuming the claim that if some sudden death occurs in animals, then if candidates should have skills, then lives are shaped by symbols, symbols shape people s behavior has no merit, we know that people steal, kill and sell themselves for money to purchase drugs.', 'On the condition that the claim that if some sudden death occurs in animals, then if candidates should have skills, then lives are shaped by symbols, symbols shape people s behavior has no merit, it is definitely the case that those that suggest people steal, kill and sell themselves for money to purchase drugs are wrong.']
|
It is a fact that either premarital sex is increasingly common or some sudden death occurs in animals. Given that premarital sex is increasingly common, it can be inferred that if candidates should have skills, then lives are shaped by symbols, symbols shape people s behavior. Assuming the claim that if some sudden death occurs in animals, then if candidates should have skills, then lives are shaped by symbols, symbols shape people s behavior has no merit, we know that people steal, kill and sell themselves for money to purchase drugs. On the condition that the claim that if some sudden death occurs in animals, then if candidates should have skills, then lives are shaped by symbols, symbols shape people s behavior has no merit, it is definitely the case that those that suggest people steal, kill and sell themselves for money to purchase drugs are wrong.
|
When candidates should have skills is true, it follows that lives are shaped by symbols, symbols shape people s behavior.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that if candidates should have skills, then lives are shaped by symbols, symbols shape people s behavior.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then [4].
If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [3], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Candidates should have skills.', 1: 'Lives are shaped by symbols, symbols shape people s behavior.', 2: 'Premarital sex is increasingly common.', 3: 'Some sudden death occurs in animals.', 4: 'People steal, kill and sell themselves for money to purchase drugs.'}
| 2 |
1,940 |
['It is a fact that either warm air has an ability to hold more moisture than cold air or if adult mosquitoes live for months, then wolves are built for stamina, possessing features tailored for long distance travel.', 'Once we know warm air has an ability to hold more moisture than cold air, we also know that religion is seen as something ancient.', 'Provided that if adult mosquitoes live for months, then wolves are built for stamina, possessing features tailored for long distance travel, we know that ethanol is a type of alcohol made by fermenting plant material, such as starch and sugar crops.', "Whenever it is true that ethanol is a type of alcohol made by fermenting plant material, such as starch and sugar crops, 'religion is seen as something ancient' is true."]
|
It is a fact that either warm air has an ability to hold more moisture than cold air or if adult mosquitoes live for months, then wolves are built for stamina, possessing features tailored for long distance travel. Once we know warm air has an ability to hold more moisture than cold air, we also know that religion is seen as something ancient. Provided that if adult mosquitoes live for months, then wolves are built for stamina, possessing features tailored for long distance travel, we know that ethanol is a type of alcohol made by fermenting plant material, such as starch and sugar crops. Whenever it is true that ethanol is a type of alcohol made by fermenting plant material, such as starch and sugar crops, 'religion is seen as something ancient' is true.
|
The statement that states religion is seen as something ancient is right.
|
The claim that religion is seen as something ancient does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then [0].
If (If [2], then [3].), then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (If [2], then [3].), then [4].
If [4], then [0].
Therefore, If (If [2], then [3].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Religion is seen as something ancient.', 1: 'Warm air has an ability to hold more moisture than cold air.', 2: 'Adult mosquitoes live for months.', 3: 'Wolves are built for stamina, possessing features tailored for long distance travel.', 4: 'Ethanol is a type of alcohol made by fermenting plant material, such as starch and sugar crops.'}
| 2 |
1,113 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: road rage is a driving force behind many accidents, or it is not true that plants require nitrate.', 'One may reasonably assume that if road rage is a driving force behind many accidents, then if most vascular plants have roots, then evidence indicates size.', 'It is not true that if most vascular plants have roots, then evidence indicates size.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: road rage is a driving force behind many accidents, or it is not true that plants require nitrate. One may reasonably assume that if road rage is a driving force behind many accidents, then if most vascular plants have roots, then evidence indicates size. It is not true that if most vascular plants have roots, then evidence indicates size.
|
It is not true that plants require nitrate.
|
It is not true that plants require nitrate.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Plants require nitrate.', 1: 'Road rage is a driving force behind many accidents.', 2: 'Most vascular plants have roots.', 3: 'Evidence indicates size.'}
| 2 |
1,612 |
['The claim that crux lies on the Milky Way and is surrounded by the constellation Centaurus on three sides is false.', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that either crux lies on the Milky Way and is surrounded by the constellation Centaurus on three sides or linear regression is used to find the stripe size at which the relative amplitude is zero, then some lagoons support fisheries that are very important for the island.', "One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that either crux lies on the Milky Way and is surrounded by the constellation Centaurus on three sides or linear regression is used to find the stripe size at which the relative amplitude is zero, then the notion that 'some lagoons support fisheries that are very important for the island' is untrue."]
|
The claim that crux lies on the Milky Way and is surrounded by the constellation Centaurus on three sides is false. One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that either crux lies on the Milky Way and is surrounded by the constellation Centaurus on three sides or linear regression is used to find the stripe size at which the relative amplitude is zero, then some lagoons support fisheries that are very important for the island. One may reasonably assume that if it is not the case that either crux lies on the Milky Way and is surrounded by the constellation Centaurus on three sides or linear regression is used to find the stripe size at which the relative amplitude is zero, then the notion that 'some lagoons support fisheries that are very important for the island' is untrue.
|
linear regression is used to find the stripe size at which the relative amplitude is zero.
|
Linear regression is a very widely known mathematical tool for modelling data.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Linear regression is used to find the stripe size at which the relative amplitude is zero.', 1: 'Crux lies on the Milky Way and is surrounded by the constellation Centaurus on three sides.', 2: 'Some lagoons support fisheries that are very important for the island.'}
| 2 |
1,037 |
['It is rational to believe that either all countries have programmes on cultural diversity and gender equity or sea grasses die off.', 'Given that sea grasses die off, it can be inferred that pictures are representations.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: either connective tissue separates the lobules or ethidium bromide is used to stain the gels after running, or some protozoan infection causes acute syndromes.', 'When either connective tissue separates the lobules or ethidium bromide is used to stain the gels after running is true, it follows that if all countries have programmes on cultural diversity and gender equity, then pictures are representations.', 'Provided that some protozoan infection causes acute syndromes, we know that if all countries have programmes on cultural diversity and gender equity, then pictures are representations.']
|
It is rational to believe that either all countries have programmes on cultural diversity and gender equity or sea grasses die off. Given that sea grasses die off, it can be inferred that pictures are representations. Either one or both of these statements are true: either connective tissue separates the lobules or ethidium bromide is used to stain the gels after running, or some protozoan infection causes acute syndromes. When either connective tissue separates the lobules or ethidium bromide is used to stain the gels after running is true, it follows that if all countries have programmes on cultural diversity and gender equity, then pictures are representations. Provided that some protozoan infection causes acute syndromes, we know that if all countries have programmes on cultural diversity and gender equity, then pictures are representations.
|
The statement 'pictures are representations' is true.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that pictures are representations.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [1], then [0].).
If [5], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Pictures are representations.', 1: 'All countries have programmes on cultural diversity and gender equity.', 2: 'Sea grasses die off.', 3: 'Connective tissue separates the lobules.', 4: 'Ethidium bromide is used to stain the gels after running.', 5: 'Some protozoan infection causes acute syndromes.'}
| 2 |
1,894 |
["On the condition that the notion that 'instruments are devices' is untrue, it is definitely the case that pitch is due to length, thickness, elasticity, and tension of vocal cords.", "On the condition that the claim that if the notion that 'instruments are devices' is untrue, then we know that the claim that pitch is due to length, thickness, elasticity, and tension of vocal cords is false is false, it is definitely the case that wind power is now cost-competitive with fossil fuel energy sources.", "Assuming the claim that if the notion that 'instruments are devices' is untrue, then we know that the claim that pitch is due to length, thickness, elasticity, and tension of vocal cords is false is false, we know that the claim that wind power is now cost-competitive with fossil fuel energy sources does not reflect reality."]
|
On the condition that the notion that 'instruments are devices' is untrue, it is definitely the case that pitch is due to length, thickness, elasticity, and tension of vocal cords. On the condition that the claim that if the notion that 'instruments are devices' is untrue, then we know that the claim that pitch is due to length, thickness, elasticity, and tension of vocal cords is false is false, it is definitely the case that wind power is now cost-competitive with fossil fuel energy sources. Assuming the claim that if the notion that 'instruments are devices' is untrue, then we know that the claim that pitch is due to length, thickness, elasticity, and tension of vocal cords is false is false, we know that the claim that wind power is now cost-competitive with fossil fuel energy sources does not reflect reality.
|
It is rational to agree that instruments are devices.
|
Instruments are made of wood.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Instruments are devices.', 1: 'Pitch is due to length, thickness, elasticity, and tension of vocal cords.', 2: 'Wind power is now cost-competitive with fossil fuel energy sources.'}
| 2 |
1,895 |
['The claim that rubella can cause deformities in babies if acquired during pregnancy is false.', 'Provided that butchers are a cruel and sadistic breed, we know that either rubella can cause deformities in babies if acquired during pregnancy or untreated allergies can lead to more serious conditions like sinusitis and asthma.', 'It is fair to say that butchers are a cruel and sadistic breed.']
|
The claim that rubella can cause deformities in babies if acquired during pregnancy is false. Provided that butchers are a cruel and sadistic breed, we know that either rubella can cause deformities in babies if acquired during pregnancy or untreated allergies can lead to more serious conditions like sinusitis and asthma. It is fair to say that butchers are a cruel and sadistic breed.
|
The statement 'untreated allergies can lead to more serious conditions like sinusitis and asthma' is true.
|
Untreated allergies can lead to serious chronic respiratory conditions.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Untreated allergies can lead to more serious conditions like sinusitis and asthma.', 1: 'Rubella can cause deformities in babies if acquired during pregnancy.', 2: 'Butchers are a cruel and sadistic breed.'}
| 2 |
1,992 |
['We know that either farmers can sequester carbon through the use of conservation tillage techniques or termites appear in colonies.', 'Either intellectual property is one way to enhance growth and competitiveness worldwide or critters have no depth perception.', 'Provided that intellectual property is one way to enhance growth and competitiveness worldwide, we know that the statement, farmers can sequester carbon through the use of conservation tillage techniques, does not hold.', 'One may reasonably assume that if critters have no depth perception, then the statement, farmers can sequester carbon through the use of conservation tillage techniques, does not hold.']
|
We know that either farmers can sequester carbon through the use of conservation tillage techniques or termites appear in colonies. Either intellectual property is one way to enhance growth and competitiveness worldwide or critters have no depth perception. Provided that intellectual property is one way to enhance growth and competitiveness worldwide, we know that the statement, farmers can sequester carbon through the use of conservation tillage techniques, does not hold. One may reasonably assume that if critters have no depth perception, then the statement, farmers can sequester carbon through the use of conservation tillage techniques, does not hold.
|
It is a simple truth that termites appear in colonies.
|
Termites are found on all continents except Antarctica .
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Termites appear in colonies.', 1: 'Farmers can sequester carbon through the use of conservation tillage techniques.', 2: 'Intellectual property is one way to enhance growth and competitiveness worldwide.', 3: 'Critters have no depth perception.'}
| 2 |
1,158 |
['At least one of two things is true: teachers have (part) sections, or institutional access is an efficient use of scarce universal service resources.', 'If chemotherapy can affect heart tissue, then the statement, teachers have (part) sections, does not hold.', 'The claim that chemotherapy can affect heart tissue holds true.']
|
At least one of two things is true: teachers have (part) sections, or institutional access is an efficient use of scarce universal service resources. If chemotherapy can affect heart tissue, then the statement, teachers have (part) sections, does not hold. The claim that chemotherapy can affect heart tissue holds true.
|
It is true that institutional access is an efficient use of scarce universal service resources.
|
Institutional access is a highly efficient use of telecommunications resources.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Institutional access is an efficient use of scarce universal service resources.', 1: 'Teachers have (part) sections.', 2: 'Chemotherapy can affect heart tissue.'}
| 2 |
1,154 |
["Given that either coral reefs are home to more kinds of life than any other ocean environment or virologic surveillance is the most important component in an early warning system, it can be inferred that the notion that 'either deontic logic is a modal logic with operators for permission, obligation and prohibition or yuppies are professionals' is untrue.", 'It is a fact that either many psychoactive drugs have the potential for altering the development of the nervous system or either coral reefs are home to more kinds of life than any other ocean environment or virologic surveillance is the most important component in an early warning system.', 'The claim that many psychoactive drugs have the potential for altering the development of the nervous system is false.']
|
Given that either coral reefs are home to more kinds of life than any other ocean environment or virologic surveillance is the most important component in an early warning system, it can be inferred that the notion that 'either deontic logic is a modal logic with operators for permission, obligation and prohibition or yuppies are professionals' is untrue. It is a fact that either many psychoactive drugs have the potential for altering the development of the nervous system or either coral reefs are home to more kinds of life than any other ocean environment or virologic surveillance is the most important component in an early warning system. The claim that many psychoactive drugs have the potential for altering the development of the nervous system is false.
|
The notion that 'either deontic logic is a modal logic with operators for permission, obligation and prohibition or yuppies are professionals' is untrue.
|
It is not true that deontic logic is formal logic.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Either [2] or [3]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Either [2] or [3].).
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Deontic logic is a modal logic with operators for permission, obligation and prohibition.', 1: 'Yuppies are professionals.', 2: 'Coral reefs are home to more kinds of life than any other ocean environment.', 3: 'Virologic surveillance is the most important component in an early warning system.', 4: 'Many psychoactive drugs have the potential for altering the development of the nervous system.'}
| 2 |
1,040 |
['One may reasonably assume that if log files are repositories of data produced by iterative programs, then soil erosion is a widespread problem in rural and urban Queensland.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either some cattle die of fluke infection or trees are so strong, but they have the ability to bend and move, then soil erosion is a widespread problem in rural and urban Queensland.', 'Given that angiosperms have to undergo a process called pollination before they can reproduce, it can be inferred that either log files are repositories of data produced by iterative programs or either some cattle die of fluke infection or trees are so strong, but they have the ability to bend and move.', 'We can assume that angiosperms have to undergo a process called pollination before they can reproduce.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if log files are repositories of data produced by iterative programs, then soil erosion is a widespread problem in rural and urban Queensland. One may reasonably assume that if either some cattle die of fluke infection or trees are so strong, but they have the ability to bend and move, then soil erosion is a widespread problem in rural and urban Queensland. Given that angiosperms have to undergo a process called pollination before they can reproduce, it can be inferred that either log files are repositories of data produced by iterative programs or either some cattle die of fluke infection or trees are so strong, but they have the ability to bend and move. We can assume that angiosperms have to undergo a process called pollination before they can reproduce.
|
The statement 'soil erosion is a widespread problem in rural and urban Queensland' is true.
|
The claim that soil erosion is a widespread problem in rural and urban Queensland is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).
[4]
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Soil erosion is a widespread problem in rural and urban Queensland.', 1: 'Log files are repositories of data produced by iterative programs.', 2: 'Some cattle die of fluke infection.', 3: 'Trees are so strong, but they have the ability to bend and move.', 4: 'Angiosperms have to undergo a process called pollination before they can reproduce.'}
| 2 |
1,585 |
["Whenever it is true that either ospreys have (part) nuclei or a letter writer is a communicator, 'aggression is an obvious form of perpetuating violence in society' is true.", 'Should it be the case that athletes exercise regularly to increase the blood flowing to their muscles, it follows that dioxide absorbs energy.', 'At least one of two things is true: either issues demand immediate attention or fluorinated materials have low values of critical surface energy, or either either ospreys have (part) nuclei or a letter writer is a communicator or athletes exercise regularly to increase the blood flowing to their muscles.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that either issues demand immediate attention or fluorinated materials have low values of critical surface energy.']
|
Whenever it is true that either ospreys have (part) nuclei or a letter writer is a communicator, 'aggression is an obvious form of perpetuating violence in society' is true. Should it be the case that athletes exercise regularly to increase the blood flowing to their muscles, it follows that dioxide absorbs energy. At least one of two things is true: either issues demand immediate attention or fluorinated materials have low values of critical surface energy, or either either ospreys have (part) nuclei or a letter writer is a communicator or athletes exercise regularly to increase the blood flowing to their muscles. Some people mistakenly believe that either issues demand immediate attention or fluorinated materials have low values of critical surface energy.
|
At least one of two things is true: aggression is an obvious form of perpetuating violence in society, or dioxide absorbs energy.
|
It is not the case that either aggression is an obvious form of perpetuating violence in society or dioxide absorbs energy.
|
FALSE
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [5] or [6].) or (Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].).
Not (Either [5] or [6].).
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]..
|
{0: 'Aggression is an obvious form of perpetuating violence in society.', 1: 'Dioxide absorbs energy.', 2: 'Ospreys have (part) nuclei.', 3: 'A letter writer is a communicator.', 4: 'Athletes exercise regularly to increase the blood flowing to their muscles.', 5: 'Issues demand immediate attention.', 6: 'Fluorinated materials have low values of critical surface energy.'}
| 2 |
1,805 |
['Provided that it is not the case that food includes bread, we know that if perspiration causes a desire to bathes, then ionization happens by giving atoms high energy.', 'It is rational to believe that either digital signals have peak power points much like the peak power point of a television signal or if it is not the case that food includes bread, then it is not the case that if perspiration causes a desire to bathes, then ionization happens by giving atoms high energy.', 'It is not true that digital signals have peak power points much like the peak power point of a television signal.']
|
Provided that it is not the case that food includes bread, we know that if perspiration causes a desire to bathes, then ionization happens by giving atoms high energy. It is rational to believe that either digital signals have peak power points much like the peak power point of a television signal or if it is not the case that food includes bread, then it is not the case that if perspiration causes a desire to bathes, then ionization happens by giving atoms high energy. It is not true that digital signals have peak power points much like the peak power point of a television signal.
|
It is a simple truth that food includes bread.
|
Food has energy.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Food includes bread.', 1: 'Perspiration causes a desire to bathes.', 2: 'Ionization happens by giving atoms high energy.', 3: 'Digital signals have peak power points much like the peak power point of a television signal.'}
| 2 |
1,592 |
['Either peacocks have (part) air sacs or if some trees have long thin needles, then leeches can display bright red, yellow, or orange spots or lines on their bodies.', "Once we know if some trees have long thin needles, then leeches can display bright red, yellow, or orange spots or lines on their bodies, we also know that the statement that 'if all current paints are subject to the effects of sunlight, water, and air, then gold is Zimbabwe's principal mined export' is incorrect.", "Whenever it is true that cats are more active during the evening hours, 'if peacocks have (part) air sacs, then the statement that 'if all current paints are subject to the effects of sunlight, water, and air, then gold is Zimbabwe's principal mined export' is incorrect' is true.", 'Many people rightly believe that cats are more active during the evening hours.']
|
Either peacocks have (part) air sacs or if some trees have long thin needles, then leeches can display bright red, yellow, or orange spots or lines on their bodies. Once we know if some trees have long thin needles, then leeches can display bright red, yellow, or orange spots or lines on their bodies, we also know that the statement that 'if all current paints are subject to the effects of sunlight, water, and air, then gold is Zimbabwe's principal mined export' is incorrect. Whenever it is true that cats are more active during the evening hours, 'if peacocks have (part) air sacs, then the statement that 'if all current paints are subject to the effects of sunlight, water, and air, then gold is Zimbabwe's principal mined export' is incorrect' is true. Many people rightly believe that cats are more active during the evening hours.
|
The statement that 'if all current paints are subject to the effects of sunlight, water, and air, then gold is Zimbabwe's principal mined export' is incorrect.
|
One may reasonably assume that if all current paints are subject to the effects of sunlight, water, and air, then gold is Zimbabwe's principal mined export.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC2-1]
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [5], then (If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
[5]
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'All current paints are subject to the effects of sunlight, water, and air.', 1: "Gold is Zimbabwe's principal mined export.", 2: 'Peacocks have (part) air sacs.', 3: 'Some trees have long thin needles.', 4: 'Leeches can display bright red, yellow, or orange spots or lines on their bodies.', 5: 'Cats are more active during the evening hours.'}
| 2 |
1,964 |
['Either problems relate to hazardous drug exposure or champs have (part) personality.', 'When problems relate to hazardous drug exposure is true, it follows that green tea is the latest, and possibly oldest, panacea.', "Given that problems relate to hazardous drug exposure, it can be inferred that the notion that 'green tea is the latest, and possibly oldest, panacea' is untrue."]
|
Either problems relate to hazardous drug exposure or champs have (part) personality. When problems relate to hazardous drug exposure is true, it follows that green tea is the latest, and possibly oldest, panacea. Given that problems relate to hazardous drug exposure, it can be inferred that the notion that 'green tea is the latest, and possibly oldest, panacea' is untrue.
|
The statement 'champs have (part) personality' can be considered true.
|
We know that the claim that champs have (part) personality is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Champs have (part) personality.', 1: 'Problems relate to hazardous drug exposure.', 2: 'Green tea is the latest, and possibly oldest, panacea.'}
| 2 |
1,266 |
['Provided that the claim that an elmwood is wood does not correspond with reality, we know that crabs are the ultimate mothers.', 'If the claim that an elmwood is wood does not correspond with reality, then a bulb is an electric lamp.', 'Provided that a bulb is an electric lamp, we know that the statement, crabs are the ultimate mothers, does not hold.']
|
Provided that the claim that an elmwood is wood does not correspond with reality, we know that crabs are the ultimate mothers. If the claim that an elmwood is wood does not correspond with reality, then a bulb is an electric lamp. Provided that a bulb is an electric lamp, we know that the statement, crabs are the ultimate mothers, does not hold.
|
It is the case that an elmwood is wood.
|
It is the case that an elmwood is wood.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'An elmwood is wood.', 1: 'Crabs are the ultimate mothers.', 2: 'A bulb is an electric lamp.'}
| 2 |
1,406 |
['It is a fact that either skin cancer is an occupational concern for people who work under the sun or advents are seasons.', "Whenever it is true that skin cancer is an occupational concern for people who work under the sun, 'the statement that 'japan has the world's second largest economy - an economy in deep recession' is incorrect' is true.", "Assuming the claim that if advents are seasons, then the statement that 'japan has the world's second largest economy - an economy in deep recession' is incorrect does not correspond with reality, we know that if cuttings are biological growth, then local governments are responsible for regulating land use.", 'It is a common misconception that if cuttings are biological growth, then local governments are responsible for regulating land use.']
|
It is a fact that either skin cancer is an occupational concern for people who work under the sun or advents are seasons. Whenever it is true that skin cancer is an occupational concern for people who work under the sun, 'the statement that 'japan has the world's second largest economy - an economy in deep recession' is incorrect' is true. Assuming the claim that if advents are seasons, then the statement that 'japan has the world's second largest economy - an economy in deep recession' is incorrect does not correspond with reality, we know that if cuttings are biological growth, then local governments are responsible for regulating land use. It is a common misconception that if cuttings are biological growth, then local governments are responsible for regulating land use.
|
The statement that 'japan has the world's second largest economy - an economy in deep recession' is incorrect.
|
The statement, japan is a volcanic country, does not hold.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then (If [3], then [4].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: "Japan has the world's second largest economy - an economy in deep recession.", 1: 'Skin cancer is an occupational concern for people who work under the sun.', 2: 'Advents are seasons.', 3: 'Cuttings are biological growth.', 4: 'Local governments are responsible for regulating land use.'}
| 2 |
1,294 |
['When if comprehension is the ultimate purpose of reading, then fuel is compressed to a point where the temperature is high enough for spontaneous combustion is true, it follows that imbalances result in weakness.', 'When imbalances result in weakness is true, it follows that either mindfulness perceives things deeply and with great clarity or vascular tissue is tube like structures that carries water and food to the rest of the plant.', 'Assuming imbalances result in weakness, we know that the claim that either mindfulness perceives things deeply and with great clarity or vascular tissue is tube like structures that carries water and food to the rest of the plant does not reflect reality.']
|
When if comprehension is the ultimate purpose of reading, then fuel is compressed to a point where the temperature is high enough for spontaneous combustion is true, it follows that imbalances result in weakness. When imbalances result in weakness is true, it follows that either mindfulness perceives things deeply and with great clarity or vascular tissue is tube like structures that carries water and food to the rest of the plant. Assuming imbalances result in weakness, we know that the claim that either mindfulness perceives things deeply and with great clarity or vascular tissue is tube like structures that carries water and food to the rest of the plant does not reflect reality.
|
The notion that 'if comprehension is the ultimate purpose of reading, then fuel is compressed to a point where the temperature is high enough for spontaneous combustion' is untrue.
|
Those that suggest comprehension is the ability to explain, interpret and extrapolate ideas, concepts and information are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (Not (Either [3] or [4].).).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Comprehension is the ultimate purpose of reading.', 1: 'Fuel is compressed to a point where the temperature is high enough for spontaneous combustion.', 2: 'Imbalances result in weakness.', 3: 'Mindfulness perceives things deeply and with great clarity.', 4: 'Vascular tissue is tube like structures that carries water and food to the rest of the plant.'}
| 2 |
1,604 |
["One may reasonably assume that if the statement that 'if power is power, even when a jerk has it, then mules are software' is incorrect, then if repetitive trauma can result in knuckle pads seen in boxers and surfers, then music is a force in each aspect in our lives.", 'Provided that if repetitive trauma can result in knuckle pads seen in boxers and surfers, then music is a force in each aspect in our lives, we know that either osteoclasts break down matrix while osteoblasts form new bone matrix or tempera paintings is paintings.', 'When if repetitive trauma can result in knuckle pads seen in boxers and surfers, then music is a force in each aspect in our lives is true, it follows that the claim that either osteoclasts break down matrix while osteoblasts form new bone matrix or tempera paintings is paintings has no merit.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if the statement that 'if power is power, even when a jerk has it, then mules are software' is incorrect, then if repetitive trauma can result in knuckle pads seen in boxers and surfers, then music is a force in each aspect in our lives. Provided that if repetitive trauma can result in knuckle pads seen in boxers and surfers, then music is a force in each aspect in our lives, we know that either osteoclasts break down matrix while osteoblasts form new bone matrix or tempera paintings is paintings. When if repetitive trauma can result in knuckle pads seen in boxers and surfers, then music is a force in each aspect in our lives is true, it follows that the claim that either osteoclasts break down matrix while osteoblasts form new bone matrix or tempera paintings is paintings has no merit.
|
Provided that power is power, even when a jerk has it, we know that mules are software
|
The claim that if power is power, even when a jerk has it, then mules are software is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [4] or [5].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not (Either [4] or [5].).).
Therefore, Not (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'Power is power, even when a jerk has it.', 1: 'Mules are software.', 2: 'Repetitive trauma can result in knuckle pads seen in boxers and surfers.', 3: 'Music is a force in each aspect in our lives.', 4: 'Osteoclasts break down matrix while osteoblasts form new bone matrix.', 5: 'Tempera paintings is paintings.'}
| 2 |
1,522 |
["At least one of two things is true: either sex is important to life on Earth or mobile phones are about to become even more useful as communications devices, or the statement 'ocelots have spots' can be considered false.", 'Either if futures are a distinct asset class different from securities, then malignant cells are typically more sensitive to slightly elevated temperatures or ingestion causes gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.', 'When if futures are a distinct asset class different from securities, then malignant cells are typically more sensitive to slightly elevated temperatures is true, it follows that the statement that states either sex is important to life on Earth or mobile phones are about to become even more useful as communications devices is false.', 'Assuming ingestion causes gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, we know that the statement that states either sex is important to life on Earth or mobile phones are about to become even more useful as communications devices is false.']
|
At least one of two things is true: either sex is important to life on Earth or mobile phones are about to become even more useful as communications devices, or the statement 'ocelots have spots' can be considered false. Either if futures are a distinct asset class different from securities, then malignant cells are typically more sensitive to slightly elevated temperatures or ingestion causes gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. When if futures are a distinct asset class different from securities, then malignant cells are typically more sensitive to slightly elevated temperatures is true, it follows that the statement that states either sex is important to life on Earth or mobile phones are about to become even more useful as communications devices is false. Assuming ingestion causes gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, we know that the statement that states either sex is important to life on Earth or mobile phones are about to become even more useful as communications devices is false.
|
The statement 'ocelots have spots' can be considered false.
|
The claim that ocelots have spots is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
If [5], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Ocelots have spots.', 1: 'Sex is important to life on Earth.', 2: 'Mobile phones are about to become even more useful as communications devices.', 3: 'Futures are a distinct asset class different from securities.', 4: 'Malignant cells are typically more sensitive to slightly elevated temperatures.', 5: 'Ingestion causes gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.'}
| 2 |
1,018 |
['When it is a common misconception that leadership involves the ability to bring about a desired change or action from or with others is true, it follows that family history is the expansive expression of eternal love.', 'We know that either vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane , and release their contents outside the cell or if it is a common misconception that leadership involves the ability to bring about a desired change or action from or with others, then the statement that states family history is the expansive expression of eternal love is false.', 'The statement, vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane , and release their contents outside the cell , does not hold.']
|
When it is a common misconception that leadership involves the ability to bring about a desired change or action from or with others is true, it follows that family history is the expansive expression of eternal love. We know that either vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane , and release their contents outside the cell or if it is a common misconception that leadership involves the ability to bring about a desired change or action from or with others, then the statement that states family history is the expansive expression of eternal love is false. The statement, vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane , and release their contents outside the cell , does not hold.
|
The claim that leadership involves the ability to bring about a desired change or action from or with others holds true.
|
The claim that leadership involves the ability to bring about a desired change or action from or with others holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Leadership involves the ability to bring about a desired change or action from or with others.', 1: 'Family history is the expansive expression of eternal love.', 2: 'Vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane , and release their contents outside the cell .'}
| 2 |
1,425 |
["When the statement that 'organs have ability' is incorrect is true, it follows that numbats feed almost exclusively on termites only occasionally eating other ants.", 'Given that nutrition can affect the mind in positive or negative ways, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that numbats feed almost exclusively on termites only occasionally eating other ants is false.', 'It is true that nutrition can affect the mind in positive or negative ways.']
|
When the statement that 'organs have ability' is incorrect is true, it follows that numbats feed almost exclusively on termites only occasionally eating other ants. Given that nutrition can affect the mind in positive or negative ways, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that numbats feed almost exclusively on termites only occasionally eating other ants is false. It is true that nutrition can affect the mind in positive or negative ways.
|
It is rational to agree that organs have ability.
|
It is rational to agree that organs have ability.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Organs have ability.', 1: 'Numbats feed almost exclusively on termites only occasionally eating other ants.', 2: 'Nutrition can affect the mind in positive or negative ways.'}
| 2 |
1,527 |
['On the condition that grebes are birds, it is definitely the case that all animals obtain their food, directly or indirectly, from plants.', 'Provided that addiction is modeled as an unobserved stock that accumulates stochastically, we know that all animals obtain their food, directly or indirectly, from plants.', 'Should it be the case that if head trauma creates lipid peroxidation, then most birds feed on fly insects, it follows that either grebes are birds or addiction is modeled as an unobserved stock that accumulates stochastically.', 'Provided that head trauma creates lipid peroxidation, we know that most birds feed on fly insects.']
|
On the condition that grebes are birds, it is definitely the case that all animals obtain their food, directly or indirectly, from plants. Provided that addiction is modeled as an unobserved stock that accumulates stochastically, we know that all animals obtain their food, directly or indirectly, from plants. Should it be the case that if head trauma creates lipid peroxidation, then most birds feed on fly insects, it follows that either grebes are birds or addiction is modeled as an unobserved stock that accumulates stochastically. Provided that head trauma creates lipid peroxidation, we know that most birds feed on fly insects.
|
We can assume that all animals obtain their food, directly or indirectly, from plants.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that all animals obtain their food, directly or indirectly, from plants.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [3], then [4].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'All animals obtain their food, directly or indirectly, from plants.', 1: 'Grebes are birds.', 2: 'Addiction is modeled as an unobserved stock that accumulates stochastically.', 3: 'Head trauma creates lipid peroxidation.', 4: 'Most birds feed on fly insects.'}
| 2 |
1,308 |
['It is fair to say that tuna fish are located in containers.', 'On the condition that most cellar spiders have thin legs, it is definitely the case that if tuna fish are located in containers, then the claim that most herbivores eat vegetable matter does not correspond with reality.', "The statement 'most cellar spiders have thin legs' is true."]
|
It is fair to say that tuna fish are located in containers. On the condition that most cellar spiders have thin legs, it is definitely the case that if tuna fish are located in containers, then the claim that most herbivores eat vegetable matter does not correspond with reality. The statement 'most cellar spiders have thin legs' is true.
|
The claim that most herbivores eat vegetable matter does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that most herbivores eat vegetable matter does not correspond with reality.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
[2]
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Most herbivores eat vegetable matter.', 1: 'Tuna fish are located in containers.', 2: 'Most cellar spiders have thin legs.'}
| 2 |
1,622 |
["When the notion that 'selenium can be toxic in overdose' is untrue is true, it follows that people sometimes bring water from wet places to hot deserts so plants can grow.", "On the condition that either zoos exhibit apes or most kerosene heaters get hot enough on top to cook food, it is definitely the case that if the notion that 'selenium can be toxic in overdose' is untrue, then we know that the claim that people sometimes bring water from wet places to hot deserts so plants can grow is false.", 'It is rational to believe that either zoos exhibit apes or most kerosene heaters get hot enough on top to cook food.']
|
When the notion that 'selenium can be toxic in overdose' is untrue is true, it follows that people sometimes bring water from wet places to hot deserts so plants can grow. On the condition that either zoos exhibit apes or most kerosene heaters get hot enough on top to cook food, it is definitely the case that if the notion that 'selenium can be toxic in overdose' is untrue, then we know that the claim that people sometimes bring water from wet places to hot deserts so plants can grow is false. It is rational to believe that either zoos exhibit apes or most kerosene heaters get hot enough on top to cook food.
|
The statement that states selenium can be toxic in overdose is right.
|
The statement that states selenium can be toxic in overdose is right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Selenium can be toxic in overdose.', 1: 'People sometimes bring water from wet places to hot deserts so plants can grow.', 2: 'Zoos exhibit apes.', 3: 'Most kerosene heaters get hot enough on top to cook food.'}
| 2 |
1,794 |
['Those that suggest potassium is an essential important material are right.', "So long as it is a common misconception that if potassium is an essential important material, then ginger plants thrive in light, 'palaces have (part) bedrooms' is true.", "Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that if potassium is an essential important material, then ginger plants thrive in light, 'the claim that palaces have (part) bedrooms does not correspond with reality' is true."]
|
Those that suggest potassium is an essential important material are right. So long as it is a common misconception that if potassium is an essential important material, then ginger plants thrive in light, 'palaces have (part) bedrooms' is true. Whenever it is true that it is a common misconception that if potassium is an essential important material, then ginger plants thrive in light, 'the claim that palaces have (part) bedrooms does not correspond with reality' is true.
|
The statement that states ginger plants thrive in light is right.
|
Ginger plants thrive in climates.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Ginger plants thrive in light.', 1: 'Potassium is an essential important material.', 2: 'Palaces have (part) bedrooms.'}
| 2 |
1,062 |
["The statement 'cottages are located in wood' can be considered true.", 'It is rational to believe that either plant herbs that discourage insects or if cottages are located in wood, then racism is one form of discrimination.', 'The claim that plant herbs that discourage insects does not reflect reality.']
|
The statement 'cottages are located in wood' can be considered true. It is rational to believe that either plant herbs that discourage insects or if cottages are located in wood, then racism is one form of discrimination. The claim that plant herbs that discourage insects does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that racism is one form of discrimination is true.
|
It is a common misconception that racism is one form of discrimination.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Racism is one form of discrimination.', 1: 'Cottages are located in wood.', 2: 'Plant herbs that discourage insects.'}
| 2 |
1,079 |
['lightning traverses a tree with a tendency to deviate from it and follow a path of least resistance.', 'Once we know lightning traverses a tree with a tendency to deviate from it and follow a path of least resistance, we also know that racism is based on the singular idea that some people are inferior to others.', "Whenever it is true that racism is based on the singular idea that some people are inferior to others, 'most trouts have teeth' is true."]
|
lightning traverses a tree with a tendency to deviate from it and follow a path of least resistance. Once we know lightning traverses a tree with a tendency to deviate from it and follow a path of least resistance, we also know that racism is based on the singular idea that some people are inferior to others. Whenever it is true that racism is based on the singular idea that some people are inferior to others, 'most trouts have teeth' is true.
|
Many people rightly believe that most trouts have teeth.
|
Trout can only live in healthy waterways where there is plenty of trout food.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then [2].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Most trouts have teeth.', 1: 'Lightning traverses a tree with a tendency to deviate from it and follow a path of least resistance.', 2: 'Racism is based on the singular idea that some people are inferior to others.'}
| 2 |
1,680 |
["So long as it is a common misconception that thrips are active all year in year-round greenhouses, 'innovations are revolutionary implementations of inventions' is true.", "So long as innovations are revolutionary implementations of inventions, 'most spiders possess bodies' is true.", 'The claim that most spiders possess bodies does not correspond with reality.']
|
So long as it is a common misconception that thrips are active all year in year-round greenhouses, 'innovations are revolutionary implementations of inventions' is true. So long as innovations are revolutionary implementations of inventions, 'most spiders possess bodies' is true. The claim that most spiders possess bodies does not correspond with reality.
|
It is true that thrips are active all year in year-round greenhouses.
|
It is true that thrips are active all year in year-round greenhouses.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Thrips are active all year in year-round greenhouses.', 1: 'Innovations are revolutionary implementations of inventions.', 2: 'Most spiders possess bodies.'}
| 2 |
1,193 |
['When the statement that states frogs can live equally well in water or on land is false is true, it follows that most owls eat their prey whole-bones, beaks, feet, and feathers.', 'Either dyspnea can happen even when the levels of oxygen in the blood are normal or either an appliance is a device or marrow is a substance found inside bones.', 'Should it be the case that dyspnea can happen even when the levels of oxygen in the blood are normal, it follows that it is not true that most owls eat their prey whole-bones, beaks, feet, and feathers.', 'Provided that either an appliance is a device or marrow is a substance found inside bones, we know that it is not true that most owls eat their prey whole-bones, beaks, feet, and feathers.']
|
When the statement that states frogs can live equally well in water or on land is false is true, it follows that most owls eat their prey whole-bones, beaks, feet, and feathers. Either dyspnea can happen even when the levels of oxygen in the blood are normal or either an appliance is a device or marrow is a substance found inside bones. Should it be the case that dyspnea can happen even when the levels of oxygen in the blood are normal, it follows that it is not true that most owls eat their prey whole-bones, beaks, feet, and feathers. Provided that either an appliance is a device or marrow is a substance found inside bones, we know that it is not true that most owls eat their prey whole-bones, beaks, feet, and feathers.
|
frogs can live equally well in water or on land.
|
Most frogs emerge from lakes.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Frogs can live equally well in water or on land.', 1: 'Most owls eat their prey whole-bones, beaks, feet, and feathers.', 2: 'Dyspnea can happen even when the levels of oxygen in the blood are normal.', 3: 'An appliance is a device.', 4: 'Marrow is a substance found inside bones.'}
| 2 |
1,750 |
['Assuming some people mistakenly believe that most eagles fly over water, we know that water pepper is a vasoconstrictor.', "Whenever it is true that water pepper is a vasoconstrictor, 'herons have special feathers that break up into powder' is true.", "The statement 'herons have special feathers that break up into powder' can be considered false."]
|
Assuming some people mistakenly believe that most eagles fly over water, we know that water pepper is a vasoconstrictor. Whenever it is true that water pepper is a vasoconstrictor, 'herons have special feathers that break up into powder' is true. The statement 'herons have special feathers that break up into powder' can be considered false.
|
It is reasonable to believe that most eagles fly over water.
|
It is reasonable to believe that most eagles fly over water.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most eagles fly over water.', 1: 'Water pepper is a vasoconstrictor.', 2: 'Herons have special feathers that break up into powder.'}
| 2 |
1,181 |
['Once we know some cubs enter the world unwanted from birth, we also know that bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart.', "So long as an auditorium is an area, 'bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart' is true.", 'We know that either circumcision is a very painful procedure, performed on a completely innocent and unsuspecting baby or either some cubs enter the world unwanted from birth or an auditorium is an area.', 'We know that the claim that circumcision is a very painful procedure, performed on a completely innocent and unsuspecting baby is false.']
|
Once we know some cubs enter the world unwanted from birth, we also know that bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart. So long as an auditorium is an area, 'bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart' is true. We know that either circumcision is a very painful procedure, performed on a completely innocent and unsuspecting baby or either some cubs enter the world unwanted from birth or an auditorium is an area. We know that the claim that circumcision is a very painful procedure, performed on a completely innocent and unsuspecting baby is false.
|
bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart.
|
It is not the case that bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart valves or the lining of the heart.', 1: 'Some cubs enter the world unwanted from birth.', 2: 'An auditorium is an area.', 3: 'Circumcision is a very painful procedure, performed on a completely innocent and unsuspecting baby.'}
| 2 |
1,535 |
['Once we know adrenal involvement can present with features of addisonian syndrome, we also know that small vessels can anchor closer to the outer mole.', 'Should it be the case that either forms are manners or cypress swamps serve many vital wetland functions, it follows that small vessels can anchor closer to the outer mole.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: either most respiration uses energy or a state of affairs is a state, or either adrenal involvement can present with features of addisonian syndrome or either forms are manners or cypress swamps serve many vital wetland functions.', 'It is not the case that either most respiration uses energy or a state of affairs is a state.']
|
Once we know adrenal involvement can present with features of addisonian syndrome, we also know that small vessels can anchor closer to the outer mole. Should it be the case that either forms are manners or cypress swamps serve many vital wetland functions, it follows that small vessels can anchor closer to the outer mole. We know that at least one of two things is true: either most respiration uses energy or a state of affairs is a state, or either adrenal involvement can present with features of addisonian syndrome or either forms are manners or cypress swamps serve many vital wetland functions. It is not the case that either most respiration uses energy or a state of affairs is a state.
|
small vessels can anchor closer to the outer mole.
|
We know that the claim that small vessels can anchor closer to the outer mole is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [4] or [5].) or (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).
Not (Either [4] or [5].).
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Small vessels can anchor closer to the outer mole.', 1: 'Adrenal involvement can present with features of addisonian syndrome.', 2: 'Forms are manners.', 3: 'Cypress swamps serve many vital wetland functions.', 4: 'Most respiration uses energy.', 5: 'A state of affairs is a state.'}
| 2 |
1,484 |
["The statement that 'social capital is vital for solving social problems' is incorrect.", "So long as balance is cosmic law, 'either social capital is vital for solving social problems or caracals are usually solitary, and both sexes maintain territories' is true.", "The statement 'balance is cosmic law' is true."]
|
The statement that 'social capital is vital for solving social problems' is incorrect. So long as balance is cosmic law, 'either social capital is vital for solving social problems or caracals are usually solitary, and both sexes maintain territories' is true. The statement 'balance is cosmic law' is true.
|
The claim that caracals are usually solitary, and both sexes maintain territories holds true.
|
The claim that caracals are usually solitary, and both sexes maintain territories holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Caracals are usually solitary, and both sexes maintain territories.', 1: 'Social capital is vital for solving social problems.', 2: 'Balance is cosmic law.'}
| 2 |
1,200 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: wind determines the pattern isotherms take and their speed of movement, or it is not the case that most soil microbes produce substances.', 'If anarchy is the rule in Kosovo, then the claim that wind determines the pattern isotherms take and their speed of movement has no merit.', 'anarchy is the rule in Kosovo.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: wind determines the pattern isotherms take and their speed of movement, or it is not the case that most soil microbes produce substances. If anarchy is the rule in Kosovo, then the claim that wind determines the pattern isotherms take and their speed of movement has no merit. anarchy is the rule in Kosovo.
|
It is not the case that most soil microbes produce substances.
|
It is not the case that most soil microbes produce substances.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most soil microbes produce substances.', 1: 'Wind determines the pattern isotherms take and their speed of movement.', 2: 'Anarchy is the rule in Kosovo.'}
| 2 |
1,364 |
['One may reasonably assume that if koalas are located in natural habitats, then it is not true that roots live in association with other organisms mycorrhizae.', "Given that birds also lunge and bite, often holding onto an opponent's head or wings, it can be inferred that it is not true that roots live in association with other organisms mycorrhizae.", "Either conditions affect fetal development or either koalas are located in natural habitats or birds also lunge and bite, often holding onto an opponent's head or wings.", "The statement 'conditions affect fetal development' can be considered false."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if koalas are located in natural habitats, then it is not true that roots live in association with other organisms mycorrhizae. Given that birds also lunge and bite, often holding onto an opponent's head or wings, it can be inferred that it is not true that roots live in association with other organisms mycorrhizae. Either conditions affect fetal development or either koalas are located in natural habitats or birds also lunge and bite, often holding onto an opponent's head or wings. The statement 'conditions affect fetal development' can be considered false.
|
It is not true that roots live in association with other organisms mycorrhizae.
|
It is not true that roots live in association with other organisms mycorrhizae.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Roots live in association with other organisms mycorrhizae.', 1: 'Koalas are located in natural habitats.', 2: "Birds also lunge and bite, often holding onto an opponent's head or wings.", 3: 'Conditions affect fetal development.'}
| 2 |
1,991 |
["Whenever it is true that it is not the case that squirrels live in large areas, 'the statement, diagnoses lead to diseases, does not hold' is true.", 'Should it be the case that the statement, if it is not the case that squirrels live in large areas, then diagnoses lead to diseases, does not hold, it follows that a duffle is a bag.', 'Should it be the case that the statement, if it is not the case that squirrels live in large areas, then diagnoses lead to diseases, does not hold, it follows that the claim that a duffle is a bag does not reflect reality.']
|
Whenever it is true that it is not the case that squirrels live in large areas, 'the statement, diagnoses lead to diseases, does not hold' is true. Should it be the case that the statement, if it is not the case that squirrels live in large areas, then diagnoses lead to diseases, does not hold, it follows that a duffle is a bag. Should it be the case that the statement, if it is not the case that squirrels live in large areas, then diagnoses lead to diseases, does not hold, it follows that the claim that a duffle is a bag does not reflect reality.
|
It is rational to agree that squirrels live in large areas.
|
The claim that squirrels live in large areas is false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Squirrels live in large areas.', 1: 'Diagnoses lead to diseases.', 2: 'A duffle is a bag.'}
| 2 |
1,462 |
['The statement, price is determined by supply and demand, does not hold.', 'There is good reason to believe that either cancer is partly due to environmental factors, genetics and the normal aging process or insulation is isolation.', 'Once we know cancer is partly due to environmental factors, genetics and the normal aging process, we also know that either price is determined by supply and demand or buntings are fabric.', 'One may reasonably assume that if insulation is isolation, then either price is determined by supply and demand or buntings are fabric.']
|
The statement, price is determined by supply and demand, does not hold. There is good reason to believe that either cancer is partly due to environmental factors, genetics and the normal aging process or insulation is isolation. Once we know cancer is partly due to environmental factors, genetics and the normal aging process, we also know that either price is determined by supply and demand or buntings are fabric. One may reasonably assume that if insulation is isolation, then either price is determined by supply and demand or buntings are fabric.
|
It is rational to agree that buntings are fabric.
|
Buntings are finchs.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
If [3], then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Buntings are fabric.', 1: 'Price is determined by supply and demand.', 2: 'Cancer is partly due to environmental factors, genetics and the normal aging process.', 3: 'Insulation is isolation.'}
| 2 |
1,356 |
['It is rational to believe that either either most crickets are stout and more compact than katydids or compartments are rooms or it is a common misconception that if electricity is an extremely inefficient form of heating, then sandy bottoms enhance the growth and variety of aquatic vegetation.', 'Should it be the case that dreams can cover a vast range of knowledge, from personal insight to prophetic revelation, it follows that the claim that either most crickets are stout and more compact than katydids or compartments are rooms does not reflect reality.', 'The claim that dreams can cover a vast range of knowledge, from personal insight to prophetic revelation is true.']
|
It is rational to believe that either either most crickets are stout and more compact than katydids or compartments are rooms or it is a common misconception that if electricity is an extremely inefficient form of heating, then sandy bottoms enhance the growth and variety of aquatic vegetation. Should it be the case that dreams can cover a vast range of knowledge, from personal insight to prophetic revelation, it follows that the claim that either most crickets are stout and more compact than katydids or compartments are rooms does not reflect reality. The claim that dreams can cover a vast range of knowledge, from personal insight to prophetic revelation is true.
|
It is a common misconception that if electricity is an extremely inefficient form of heating, then sandy bottoms enhance the growth and variety of aquatic vegetation.
|
It is a common misconception that if electricity is an extremely inefficient form of heating, then sandy bottoms enhance the growth and variety of aquatic vegetation.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
[4]
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Electricity is an extremely inefficient form of heating.', 1: 'Sandy bottoms enhance the growth and variety of aquatic vegetation.', 2: 'Most crickets are stout and more compact than katydids.', 3: 'Compartments are rooms.', 4: 'Dreams can cover a vast range of knowledge, from personal insight to prophetic revelation.'}
| 2 |
1,002 |
['We know that either carbohydrates are the only fuel that can be broken down and used anaerobically or iron oxides are one of the most important solid phases controlling As behavior in natural systems.', 'Either either calcium plays a role in blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and cell metabolism or homosexuals have normal levels of circulating sex hormones or if either carbohydrates are the only fuel that can be broken down and used anaerobically or iron oxides are one of the most important solid phases controlling As behavior in natural systems, then the statement that states drug stores sell products designed to encourage side sleeping, including an anti-snoring pillow is false.', 'The claim that either calcium plays a role in blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and cell metabolism or homosexuals have normal levels of circulating sex hormones has no merit.']
|
We know that either carbohydrates are the only fuel that can be broken down and used anaerobically or iron oxides are one of the most important solid phases controlling As behavior in natural systems. Either either calcium plays a role in blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and cell metabolism or homosexuals have normal levels of circulating sex hormones or if either carbohydrates are the only fuel that can be broken down and used anaerobically or iron oxides are one of the most important solid phases controlling As behavior in natural systems, then the statement that states drug stores sell products designed to encourage side sleeping, including an anti-snoring pillow is false. The claim that either calcium plays a role in blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and cell metabolism or homosexuals have normal levels of circulating sex hormones has no merit.
|
The statement that states drug stores sell products designed to encourage side sleeping, including an anti-snoring pillow is false.
|
The claim that drug stores sell hydrocodone has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Drug stores sell products designed to encourage side sleeping, including an anti-snoring pillow.', 1: 'Carbohydrates are the only fuel that can be broken down and used anaerobically.', 2: 'Iron oxides are one of the most important solid phases controlling As behavior in natural systems.', 3: 'Calcium plays a role in blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and cell metabolism.', 4: 'Homosexuals have normal levels of circulating sex hormones.'}
| 2 |
1,478 |
['Should it be the case that the statement that states snowflakes are ice crystal is false, it follows that molds produce tiny spores to reproduce.', 'Assuming dust mites are one of the most common causes of allergies, we know that some people mistakenly believe that molds produce tiny spores to reproduce.', 'The claim that dust mites are one of the most common causes of allergies is true.']
|
Should it be the case that the statement that states snowflakes are ice crystal is false, it follows that molds produce tiny spores to reproduce. Assuming dust mites are one of the most common causes of allergies, we know that some people mistakenly believe that molds produce tiny spores to reproduce. The claim that dust mites are one of the most common causes of allergies is true.
|
The claim that snowflakes are ice crystal holds true.
|
The claim that snowflakes are ice crystal holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Snowflakes are ice crystal.', 1: 'Molds produce tiny spores to reproduce.', 2: 'Dust mites are one of the most common causes of allergies.'}
| 2 |
1,695 |
['Once we know either some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day or proteins are based on polypeptides , which are unique sequences of amino acids , we also know that it is not the case that either isotopes are different forms of the same element or casualties are victims.', 'Provided that air contains dioxide, we know that it is not the case that either isotopes are different forms of the same element or casualties are victims.', "Given that the statement that 'either either some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day or proteins are based on polypeptides , which are unique sequences of amino acids or air contains dioxide' is incorrect, it can be inferred that flash floods can occur with little or no warning-and can reach full peak within minutes.", 'The statement that states flash floods can occur with little or no warning-and can reach full peak within minutes is false.']
|
Once we know either some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day or proteins are based on polypeptides , which are unique sequences of amino acids , we also know that it is not the case that either isotopes are different forms of the same element or casualties are victims. Provided that air contains dioxide, we know that it is not the case that either isotopes are different forms of the same element or casualties are victims. Given that the statement that 'either either some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day or proteins are based on polypeptides , which are unique sequences of amino acids or air contains dioxide' is incorrect, it can be inferred that flash floods can occur with little or no warning-and can reach full peak within minutes. The statement that states flash floods can occur with little or no warning-and can reach full peak within minutes is false.
|
It is not the case that either isotopes are different forms of the same element or casualties are victims.
|
Either isotopes are different forms of the same element or casualties are victims.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [4], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].).), then [5].
Not [5].
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]..
|
{0: 'Isotopes are different forms of the same element.', 1: 'Casualties are victims.', 2: 'Some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day .', 3: 'Proteins are based on polypeptides , which are unique sequences of amino acids .', 4: 'Air contains dioxide.', 5: 'Flash floods can occur with little or no warning-and can reach full peak within minutes.'}
| 2 |
1,253 |
['Those that suggest grapefruit isa tree are wrong.', "Should it be the case that the statement that 'if some people mistakenly believe that chelation is an equilibrium process with a strong tendency to the chelated form, then grapefruit isa tree' is incorrect, it follows that getting cause disappointment.", "The statement 'getting cause disappointment' can be considered false."]
|
Those that suggest grapefruit isa tree are wrong. Should it be the case that the statement that 'if some people mistakenly believe that chelation is an equilibrium process with a strong tendency to the chelated form, then grapefruit isa tree' is incorrect, it follows that getting cause disappointment. The statement 'getting cause disappointment' can be considered false.
|
It is fair to say that chelation is an equilibrium process with a strong tendency to the chelated form.
|
It is not the case that chelation is an equilibrium process with a strong tendency to the chelated form.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Chelation is an equilibrium process with a strong tendency to the chelated form.', 1: 'Grapefruit isa tree.', 2: 'Getting cause disappointment.'}
| 2 |
1,667 |
["When the statement that 'vitamins contain vitamin minerals' is incorrect is true, it follows that either bryophytes are desiccation tolerant or suction cups are devices.", "Should it be the case that the statement that 'vitamins contain vitamin minerals' is incorrect, it follows that pharmacists say threadworms are about as easy to pass on between people as the common cold.", 'One may reasonably assume that if pharmacists say threadworms are about as easy to pass on between people as the common cold, then it is not true that either bryophytes are desiccation tolerant or suction cups are devices.']
|
When the statement that 'vitamins contain vitamin minerals' is incorrect is true, it follows that either bryophytes are desiccation tolerant or suction cups are devices. Should it be the case that the statement that 'vitamins contain vitamin minerals' is incorrect, it follows that pharmacists say threadworms are about as easy to pass on between people as the common cold. One may reasonably assume that if pharmacists say threadworms are about as easy to pass on between people as the common cold, then it is not true that either bryophytes are desiccation tolerant or suction cups are devices.
|
It is rational to agree that vitamins contain vitamin minerals.
|
It is rational to agree that vitamins contain vitamin minerals.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3].
If [3], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Vitamins contain vitamin minerals.', 1: 'Bryophytes are desiccation tolerant.', 2: 'Suction cups are devices.', 3: 'Pharmacists say threadworms are about as easy to pass on between people as the common cold.'}
| 2 |
1,085 |
['It is not true that birds lack teeth.', 'Either corals can be either rock hard or soft or either cooked meats are pearly white with pink and red shadings or some studies show that women eat more when they exercise more.', 'If corals can be either rock hard or soft, then birds lack teeth.', "Once we know either cooked meats are pearly white with pink and red shadings or some studies show that women eat more when they exercise more, we also know that the statement 'pets often have litters at inconvenient times and in unusual places' can be considered false."]
|
It is not true that birds lack teeth. Either corals can be either rock hard or soft or either cooked meats are pearly white with pink and red shadings or some studies show that women eat more when they exercise more. If corals can be either rock hard or soft, then birds lack teeth. Once we know either cooked meats are pearly white with pink and red shadings or some studies show that women eat more when they exercise more, we also know that the statement 'pets often have litters at inconvenient times and in unusual places' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'pets often have litters at inconvenient times and in unusual places' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'pets often have litters at inconvenient times and in unusual places' can be considered false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).
If [2], then [1].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Pets often have litters at inconvenient times and in unusual places.', 1: 'Birds lack teeth.', 2: 'Corals can be either rock hard or soft.', 3: 'Cooked meats are pearly white with pink and red shadings.', 4: 'Some studies show that women eat more when they exercise more.'}
| 2 |
1,969 |
['There is good reason to believe that either either hose is used for watering plants or most aphids feed on juice or either instant adhesive creates a secure seal on corners and joints or asian ceramics are rich in both traditions.', "Whenever it is true that either hose is used for watering plants or most aphids feed on juice, 'spirit is atmospheres' is true.", 'On the condition that music is carried by birds in flight, it is definitely the case that if either instant adhesive creates a secure seal on corners and joints or asian ceramics are rich in both traditions, then tall grass develops deeper roots for increased foliage.', 'The idea that music is carried by birds in flight is true.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either either hose is used for watering plants or most aphids feed on juice or either instant adhesive creates a secure seal on corners and joints or asian ceramics are rich in both traditions. Whenever it is true that either hose is used for watering plants or most aphids feed on juice, 'spirit is atmospheres' is true. On the condition that music is carried by birds in flight, it is definitely the case that if either instant adhesive creates a secure seal on corners and joints or asian ceramics are rich in both traditions, then tall grass develops deeper roots for increased foliage. The idea that music is carried by birds in flight is true.
|
We know that either spirit is atmospheres or tall grass develops deeper roots for increased foliage.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: spirits often appear on film as globules, or tall grass provides food and shelter for the grasshoppers.
|
Uncertain
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Either [4] or [5].).
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
If (Either [4] or [5].), then [1]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [6], then (If (Either [4] or [5].), then [1].).
[6]
Therefore, If (Either [4] or [5].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Spirit is atmospheres.', 1: 'Tall grass develops deeper roots for increased foliage.', 2: 'Hose is used for watering plants.', 3: 'Most aphids feed on juice.', 4: 'Instant adhesive creates a secure seal on corners and joints.', 5: 'Asian ceramics are rich in both traditions.', 6: 'Music is carried by birds in flight.'}
| 2 |
1,075 |
['It is fair to say that parasites are able to travel almost anywhere in soft tissue, including the brain.', 'Once we know those that suggest if parasites are able to travel almost anywhere in soft tissue, including the brain, then households have electronic equipment are wrong, we also know that piperazine works by paralyzing the worms.', 'If those that suggest if parasites are able to travel almost anywhere in soft tissue, including the brain, then households have electronic equipment are wrong, then the claim that piperazine works by paralyzing the worms does not reflect reality.']
|
It is fair to say that parasites are able to travel almost anywhere in soft tissue, including the brain. Once we know those that suggest if parasites are able to travel almost anywhere in soft tissue, including the brain, then households have electronic equipment are wrong, we also know that piperazine works by paralyzing the worms. If those that suggest if parasites are able to travel almost anywhere in soft tissue, including the brain, then households have electronic equipment are wrong, then the claim that piperazine works by paralyzing the worms does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that households have electronic equipment holds true.
|
Households have holdings of wealth in many other forms.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Households have electronic equipment.', 1: 'Parasites are able to travel almost anywhere in soft tissue, including the brain.', 2: 'Piperazine works by paralyzing the worms.'}
| 2 |
1,786 |
['One may reasonably assume that if if gars have (part) plasma membranes, then pointers are variables following all the normal naming convention of non - pointer variables, then catholics schools teach more than religion, they teach faith.', 'We know that either most compounds enhance effects or if focal edema is associated with hard exudate rings resulting from leakage from microaneurysms, then enviromental concerns are concerns only seemingly when they clearly affect human health.', "Whenever it is true that most compounds enhance effects, 'if if gars have (part) plasma membranes, then pointers are variables following all the normal naming convention of non - pointer variables, then it is not the case that catholics schools teach more than religion, they teach faith' is true.", 'When if focal edema is associated with hard exudate rings resulting from leakage from microaneurysms, then enviromental concerns are concerns only seemingly when they clearly affect human health is true, it follows that if if gars have (part) plasma membranes, then pointers are variables following all the normal naming convention of non - pointer variables, then it is not the case that catholics schools teach more than religion, they teach faith.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if if gars have (part) plasma membranes, then pointers are variables following all the normal naming convention of non - pointer variables, then catholics schools teach more than religion, they teach faith. We know that either most compounds enhance effects or if focal edema is associated with hard exudate rings resulting from leakage from microaneurysms, then enviromental concerns are concerns only seemingly when they clearly affect human health. Whenever it is true that most compounds enhance effects, 'if if gars have (part) plasma membranes, then pointers are variables following all the normal naming convention of non - pointer variables, then it is not the case that catholics schools teach more than religion, they teach faith' is true. When if focal edema is associated with hard exudate rings resulting from leakage from microaneurysms, then enviromental concerns are concerns only seemingly when they clearly affect human health is true, it follows that if if gars have (part) plasma membranes, then pointers are variables following all the normal naming convention of non - pointer variables, then it is not the case that catholics schools teach more than religion, they teach faith.
|
It is a common misconception that if gars have (part) plasma membranes, then pointers are variables following all the normal naming convention of non - pointer variables.
|
If gars have (part) plasma membranes, then pointers are variables following all the normal naming convention of non - pointer variables.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).).
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Gars have (part) plasma membranes.', 1: 'Pointers are variables following all the normal naming convention of non - pointer variables.', 2: 'Catholics schools teach more than religion, they teach faith.', 3: 'Most compounds enhance effects.', 4: 'Focal edema is associated with hard exudate rings resulting from leakage from microaneurysms.', 5: 'Enviromental concerns are concerns only seemingly when they clearly affect human health.'}
| 2 |
1,658 |
['Given that the claim that if parishes are like counties in other states, then rice is eaten all over the globe is false, it can be inferred that either some chemicals can also damage the skin or some pandas perform handstands.', 'If the claim that if parishes are like counties in other states, then rice is eaten all over the globe is false, then many gardeners have a tenuous relationship with cats.', "So long as many gardeners have a tenuous relationship with cats, 'it is not true that either some chemicals can also damage the skin or some pandas perform handstands' is true."]
|
Given that the claim that if parishes are like counties in other states, then rice is eaten all over the globe is false, it can be inferred that either some chemicals can also damage the skin or some pandas perform handstands. If the claim that if parishes are like counties in other states, then rice is eaten all over the globe is false, then many gardeners have a tenuous relationship with cats. So long as many gardeners have a tenuous relationship with cats, 'it is not true that either some chemicals can also damage the skin or some pandas perform handstands' is true.
|
If parishes are like counties in other states, then rice is eaten all over the globe.
|
If parishes are like counties in other states, then rice is eaten all over the globe.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [4].
If [4], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).)..
|
{0: 'Parishes are like counties in other states.', 1: 'Rice is eaten all over the globe.', 2: 'Some chemicals can also damage the skin.', 3: 'Some pandas perform handstands.', 4: 'Many gardeners have a tenuous relationship with cats.'}
| 2 |
1,465 |
["So long as deformities result in such defects, 'some people mistakenly believe that circumcision involves removing the foreskin , which shields the head of the penis' is true.", 'On the condition that cottonmouths have (part) chests, it is definitely the case that some people mistakenly believe that circumcision involves removing the foreskin , which shields the head of the penis.', "So long as the notion that 'either deformities result in such defects or cottonmouths have (part) chests' is untrue, 'geneticists are concerned with how traits are passed from generation to generation' is true.", 'It is a common misconception that geneticists are concerned with how traits are passed from generation to generation.']
|
So long as deformities result in such defects, 'some people mistakenly believe that circumcision involves removing the foreskin , which shields the head of the penis' is true. On the condition that cottonmouths have (part) chests, it is definitely the case that some people mistakenly believe that circumcision involves removing the foreskin , which shields the head of the penis. So long as the notion that 'either deformities result in such defects or cottonmouths have (part) chests' is untrue, 'geneticists are concerned with how traits are passed from generation to generation' is true. It is a common misconception that geneticists are concerned with how traits are passed from generation to generation.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that circumcision involves removing the foreskin , which shields the head of the penis.
|
The statement 'circumcision involves removing the foreskin , which shields the head of the penis' is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Circumcision involves removing the foreskin , which shields the head of the penis.', 1: 'Deformities result in such defects.', 2: 'Cottonmouths have (part) chests.', 3: 'Geneticists are concerned with how traits are passed from generation to generation.'}
| 2 |
1,920 |
['We know that either either some viruses are so destructive they can wipe out an entire disk or windows are located in front doors or assets are bank accounts, certificates of deposit, and stocks.', "One may reasonably assume that if cigarettes are the most common type of Tabasco, and snuff, then the statement that 'either some viruses are so destructive they can wipe out an entire disk or windows are located in front doors' is incorrect.", 'We can assume that cigarettes are the most common type of Tabasco, and snuff.']
|
We know that either either some viruses are so destructive they can wipe out an entire disk or windows are located in front doors or assets are bank accounts, certificates of deposit, and stocks. One may reasonably assume that if cigarettes are the most common type of Tabasco, and snuff, then the statement that 'either some viruses are so destructive they can wipe out an entire disk or windows are located in front doors' is incorrect. We can assume that cigarettes are the most common type of Tabasco, and snuff.
|
The claim that assets are bank accounts, certificates of deposit, and stocks holds true.
|
Asset is a set of software products and tools for content management, distribution and e-publishing.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Assets are bank accounts, certificates of deposit, and stocks.', 1: 'Some viruses are so destructive they can wipe out an entire disk.', 2: 'Windows are located in front doors.', 3: 'Cigarettes are the most common type of Tabasco, and snuff.'}
| 2 |
1,038 |
['At least one of two things is true: fire spreads in all directions, radiant and hot, or children grow and develop at different rates.', 'One may reasonably assume that if rodents can smell the old urine from other rodents, then the claim that fire spreads in all directions, radiant and hot has no merit.', 'We can assume that rodents can smell the old urine from other rodents.']
|
At least one of two things is true: fire spreads in all directions, radiant and hot, or children grow and develop at different rates. One may reasonably assume that if rodents can smell the old urine from other rodents, then the claim that fire spreads in all directions, radiant and hot has no merit. We can assume that rodents can smell the old urine from other rodents.
|
The statement 'children grow and develop at different rates' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'children grow and develop at different rates' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Children grow and develop at different rates.', 1: 'Fire spreads in all directions, radiant and hot.', 2: 'Rodents can smell the old urine from other rodents.'}
| 2 |
1,944 |
['We know that either smoking is another risk factor for cervical cancer or either hyraxes are small and solidly built with a short stump for a tail or birds have feathers for protection from different weather conditions.', "When raw sewage causes pollution that harms human and aquatic health is true, it follows that the statement that 'smoking is another risk factor for cervical cancer' is incorrect.", 'The idea that raw sewage causes pollution that harms human and aquatic health is true.']
|
We know that either smoking is another risk factor for cervical cancer or either hyraxes are small and solidly built with a short stump for a tail or birds have feathers for protection from different weather conditions. When raw sewage causes pollution that harms human and aquatic health is true, it follows that the statement that 'smoking is another risk factor for cervical cancer' is incorrect. The idea that raw sewage causes pollution that harms human and aquatic health is true.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: hyraxes are small and solidly built with a short stump for a tail, or birds have feathers for protection from different weather conditions.
|
We know that either hyraxes differ in colour based on species and on the environments that they are found in or birds make adjustment.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not [2].).
[3]
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Hyraxes are small and solidly built with a short stump for a tail.', 1: 'Birds have feathers for protection from different weather conditions.', 2: 'Smoking is another risk factor for cervical cancer.', 3: 'Raw sewage causes pollution that harms human and aquatic health.'}
| 2 |
1,725 |
['There is good reason to believe that either a museum is a repository or it is not true that either poor balance is often the result of a restless mind or distracted attention or plants are mostly rhizomatous.', 'Once we know a museum is a repository, we also know that all mammals have hair at least some time in their lives.', 'The claim that all mammals have hair at least some time in their lives has no merit.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either a museum is a repository or it is not true that either poor balance is often the result of a restless mind or distracted attention or plants are mostly rhizomatous. Once we know a museum is a repository, we also know that all mammals have hair at least some time in their lives. The claim that all mammals have hair at least some time in their lives has no merit.
|
It is not true that either poor balance is often the result of a restless mind or distracted attention or plants are mostly rhizomatous.
|
It is a fact that either poor balance is often the result of a restless mind or distracted attention or plants are mostly rhizomatous.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Poor balance is often the result of a restless mind or distracted attention.', 1: 'Plants are mostly rhizomatous.', 2: 'A museum is a repository.', 3: 'All mammals have hair at least some time in their lives.'}
| 2 |
1,436 |
['At least one of two things is true: mouses are located in garages, or health information is the number one topic people look for in the internet.', "Whenever it is true that the statement that states if either mouses are located in garages or health information is the number one topic people look for in the internet, then either internet users are highly educated, intelligent, informed consumers or glaciers are in retreat on every continent is false, 'generators have harness energy' is true.", "The statement 'generators have harness energy' can be considered false."]
|
At least one of two things is true: mouses are located in garages, or health information is the number one topic people look for in the internet. Whenever it is true that the statement that states if either mouses are located in garages or health information is the number one topic people look for in the internet, then either internet users are highly educated, intelligent, informed consumers or glaciers are in retreat on every continent is false, 'generators have harness energy' is true. The statement 'generators have harness energy' can be considered false.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: internet users are highly educated, intelligent, informed consumers, or glaciers are in retreat on every continent.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: internet users are highly educated, intelligent, informed consumers, or glaciers are in retreat on every continent.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Internet users are highly educated, intelligent, informed consumers.', 1: 'Glaciers are in retreat on every continent.', 2: 'Mouses are located in garages.', 3: 'Health information is the number one topic people look for in the internet.', 4: 'Generators have harness energy.'}
| 2 |
1,140 |
['Should it be the case that it is not true that either strong winds blow loose soil from the ground after plowing, especially during droughts or some tail fins are part of mollies, it follows that it is a common misconception that spores undergo mitosis to produce the multicellular gametophyte generation.', "So long as the statement, if it is not true that either strong winds blow loose soil from the ground after plowing, especially during droughts or some tail fins are part of mollies, then spores undergo mitosis to produce the multicellular gametophyte generation, does not hold, 'nutrients play important roles' is true.", 'Assuming the statement, if it is not true that either strong winds blow loose soil from the ground after plowing, especially during droughts or some tail fins are part of mollies, then spores undergo mitosis to produce the multicellular gametophyte generation, does not hold, we know that the claim that nutrients play important roles does not reflect reality.']
|
Should it be the case that it is not true that either strong winds blow loose soil from the ground after plowing, especially during droughts or some tail fins are part of mollies, it follows that it is a common misconception that spores undergo mitosis to produce the multicellular gametophyte generation. So long as the statement, if it is not true that either strong winds blow loose soil from the ground after plowing, especially during droughts or some tail fins are part of mollies, then spores undergo mitosis to produce the multicellular gametophyte generation, does not hold, 'nutrients play important roles' is true. Assuming the statement, if it is not true that either strong winds blow loose soil from the ground after plowing, especially during droughts or some tail fins are part of mollies, then spores undergo mitosis to produce the multicellular gametophyte generation, does not hold, we know that the claim that nutrients play important roles does not reflect reality.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: strong winds blow loose soil from the ground after plowing, especially during droughts, or some tail fins are part of mollies.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: strong winds blow loose soil from the ground after plowing, especially during droughts, or some tail fins are part of mollies.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Strong winds blow loose soil from the ground after plowing, especially during droughts.', 1: 'Some tail fins are part of mollies.', 2: 'Spores undergo mitosis to produce the multicellular gametophyte generation.', 3: 'Nutrients play important roles.'}
| 2 |
1,818 |
['If the statement, seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline, does not hold, then lads have (part) necks.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: healthy anger is directed against wrong-doing, or if the statement, seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline, does not hold, then it is not true that lads have (part) necks.', "The statement that 'healthy anger is directed against wrong-doing' is incorrect."]
|
If the statement, seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline, does not hold, then lads have (part) necks. Either one or both of these statements are true: healthy anger is directed against wrong-doing, or if the statement, seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline, does not hold, then it is not true that lads have (part) necks. The statement that 'healthy anger is directed against wrong-doing' is incorrect.
|
We can assume that seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and alkaline.', 1: 'Lads have (part) necks.', 2: 'Healthy anger is directed against wrong-doing.'}
| 2 |
1,602 |
['When deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer is true, it follows that dietary fiber is found only in foods that come from plants.', "Whenever it is true that more people require more food and more space to live, and they create more waste, 'if deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer, then the claim that dietary fiber is found only in foods that come from plants does not correspond with reality' is true.", 'The statement that states more people require more food and more space to live, and they create more waste is right.']
|
When deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer is true, it follows that dietary fiber is found only in foods that come from plants. Whenever it is true that more people require more food and more space to live, and they create more waste, 'if deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer, then the claim that dietary fiber is found only in foods that come from plants does not correspond with reality' is true. The statement that states more people require more food and more space to live, and they create more waste is right.
|
The claim that deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer is false.
|
The claim that deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer is false.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer.', 1: 'Dietary fiber is found only in foods that come from plants.', 2: 'More people require more food and more space to live, and they create more waste.'}
| 2 |
1,745 |
['The statement that states leadership is where no control is needed because of the healthy leadership is false.', 'Given that the statement, if german culture is oriented around consensus and rules, then leadership is where no control is needed because of the healthy leadership, does not hold, it can be inferred that oil offers benefits.', 'The claim that oil offers benefits is false.']
|
The statement that states leadership is where no control is needed because of the healthy leadership is false. Given that the statement, if german culture is oriented around consensus and rules, then leadership is where no control is needed because of the healthy leadership, does not hold, it can be inferred that oil offers benefits. The claim that oil offers benefits is false.
|
We know that the claim that german culture is oriented around consensus and rules is false.
|
Those that suggest german culture is oriented around consensus and rules are right.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'German culture is oriented around consensus and rules.', 1: 'Leadership is where no control is needed because of the healthy leadership.', 2: 'Oil offers benefits.'}
| 2 |
1,471 |
['One may reasonably assume that if it is a common misconception that guilt is a psychological problem that is very real, then the claim that cardamom oil extracts from cardamom seeds is false.', 'Assuming the statement that states if it is a common misconception that guilt is a psychological problem that is very real, then cardamom oil extracts from cardamom seeds is false, we know that vitamin E regulates mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation.', 'Should it be the case that the statement that states if it is a common misconception that guilt is a psychological problem that is very real, then cardamom oil extracts from cardamom seeds is false, it follows that the claim that vitamin E regulates mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation has no merit.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if it is a common misconception that guilt is a psychological problem that is very real, then the claim that cardamom oil extracts from cardamom seeds is false. Assuming the statement that states if it is a common misconception that guilt is a psychological problem that is very real, then cardamom oil extracts from cardamom seeds is false, we know that vitamin E regulates mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation. Should it be the case that the statement that states if it is a common misconception that guilt is a psychological problem that is very real, then cardamom oil extracts from cardamom seeds is false, it follows that the claim that vitamin E regulates mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation has no merit.
|
The statement 'guilt is a psychological problem that is very real' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'guilt is a psychological problem that is very real' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Guilt is a psychological problem that is very real.', 1: 'Cardamom oil extracts from cardamom seeds.', 2: 'Vitamin E regulates mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide generation.'}
| 2 |
1,342 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: wetlands are sponge-like, in that they soak up rain to help prevent possible floods, or hookworms actually attach themselves to the dog s intestinal wall.', "Should it be the case that wetlands are sponge-like, in that they soak up rain to help prevent possible floods, it follows that the notion that 'a sporozoite is a sporozoan' is untrue.", "Assuming the statement 'if hookworms actually attach themselves to the dog s intestinal wall, then the notion that 'a sporozoite is a sporozoan' is untrue' can be considered false, we know that imagination is a contagious disease.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that imagination is a contagious disease.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: wetlands are sponge-like, in that they soak up rain to help prevent possible floods, or hookworms actually attach themselves to the dog s intestinal wall. Should it be the case that wetlands are sponge-like, in that they soak up rain to help prevent possible floods, it follows that the notion that 'a sporozoite is a sporozoan' is untrue. Assuming the statement 'if hookworms actually attach themselves to the dog s intestinal wall, then the notion that 'a sporozoite is a sporozoan' is untrue' can be considered false, we know that imagination is a contagious disease. Some people mistakenly believe that imagination is a contagious disease.
|
The notion that 'a sporozoite is a sporozoan' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'a sporozoite is a sporozoan' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'A sporozoite is a sporozoan.', 1: 'Wetlands are sponge-like, in that they soak up rain to help prevent possible floods.', 2: 'Hookworms actually attach themselves to the dog s intestinal wall.', 3: 'Imagination is a contagious disease.'}
| 2 |
1,416 |
['When superstitions encourage people to believe that a certain action can cause an unrelated event is true, it follows that cholesterol is synthesized in livers.', 'Assuming if some galaxies produce lots of infant stars, then digestion takes place in the intestine, we know that the claim that cholesterol is synthesized in livers does not reflect reality.', 'Given that some galaxies produce lots of infant stars, it can be inferred that digestion takes place in the intestine.']
|
When superstitions encourage people to believe that a certain action can cause an unrelated event is true, it follows that cholesterol is synthesized in livers. Assuming if some galaxies produce lots of infant stars, then digestion takes place in the intestine, we know that the claim that cholesterol is synthesized in livers does not reflect reality. Given that some galaxies produce lots of infant stars, it can be inferred that digestion takes place in the intestine.
|
We know that the claim that superstitions encourage people to believe that a certain action can cause an unrelated event is false.
|
Those that suggest superstitions encourage people to believe that a certain action can cause an unrelated event are right.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Superstitions encourage people to believe that a certain action can cause an unrelated event.', 1: 'Cholesterol is synthesized in livers.', 2: 'Some galaxies produce lots of infant stars.', 3: 'Digestion takes place in the intestine.'}
| 2 |
1,711 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that rainforests are essential to life itself.', "So long as nests serve as breeding, feeding and sleeping platforms and act as territorial flags, 'either rainforests are essential to life itself or it is not true that schoolgirls are girls' is true.", 'It is the case that nests serve as breeding, feeding and sleeping platforms and act as territorial flags.']
|
Some people mistakenly believe that rainforests are essential to life itself. So long as nests serve as breeding, feeding and sleeping platforms and act as territorial flags, 'either rainforests are essential to life itself or it is not true that schoolgirls are girls' is true. It is the case that nests serve as breeding, feeding and sleeping platforms and act as territorial flags.
|
It is not true that schoolgirls are girls.
|
It is not true that schoolgirls are girls.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).
[2]
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Schoolgirls are girls.', 1: 'Rainforests are essential to life itself.', 2: 'Nests serve as breeding, feeding and sleeping platforms and act as territorial flags.'}
| 2 |
1,557 |
['It is a fact that either some emergency brakes are part of automobiles or bats have teeth.', 'Provided that some emergency brakes are part of automobiles, we know that peruvian beads seem to come in many shapes and sizes.', 'Provided that some emergency brakes are part of automobiles, we know that the statement that states peruvian beads seem to come in many shapes and sizes is false.']
|
It is a fact that either some emergency brakes are part of automobiles or bats have teeth. Provided that some emergency brakes are part of automobiles, we know that peruvian beads seem to come in many shapes and sizes. Provided that some emergency brakes are part of automobiles, we know that the statement that states peruvian beads seem to come in many shapes and sizes is false.
|
Those that suggest bats have teeth are right.
|
Some bats achieve sexual maturity in their first year, others in their second.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Bats have teeth.', 1: 'Some emergency brakes are part of automobiles.', 2: 'Peruvian beads seem to come in many shapes and sizes.'}
| 2 |
1,050 |
['One may reasonably assume that if private lines are bands, then it is a common misconception that either proton events take places or most tapeworms develop in intestines.', 'Provided that some trees have types, we know that it is a common misconception that either proton events take places or most tapeworms develop in intestines.', "Whenever it is true that the claim that either private lines are bands or some trees have types is false, 'phototropism is a growth of a plant toward a unidirectional light source' is true.", "The notion that 'phototropism is a growth of a plant toward a unidirectional light source' is untrue."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if private lines are bands, then it is a common misconception that either proton events take places or most tapeworms develop in intestines. Provided that some trees have types, we know that it is a common misconception that either proton events take places or most tapeworms develop in intestines. Whenever it is true that the claim that either private lines are bands or some trees have types is false, 'phototropism is a growth of a plant toward a unidirectional light source' is true. The notion that 'phototropism is a growth of a plant toward a unidirectional light source' is untrue.
|
It is a common misconception that either proton events take places or most tapeworms develop in intestines.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: proton events take places, or most tapeworms develop in intestines.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [3], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Proton events take places.', 1: 'Most tapeworms develop in intestines.', 2: 'Private lines are bands.', 3: 'Some trees have types.', 4: 'Phototropism is a growth of a plant toward a unidirectional light source.'}
| 2 |
1,162 |
['The claim that some jackals reach maturity does not reflect reality.', 'Given that it is a common misconception that if serology is of no value in the diagnosis of genital tract chlamydial infection , then some jackals reach maturity, it can be inferred that airborne mercury is captured by rain drops and deposited on the landscape when it rains.', "Given that it is a common misconception that if serology is of no value in the diagnosis of genital tract chlamydial infection , then some jackals reach maturity, it can be inferred that the notion that 'airborne mercury is captured by rain drops and deposited on the landscape when it rains' is untrue."]
|
The claim that some jackals reach maturity does not reflect reality. Given that it is a common misconception that if serology is of no value in the diagnosis of genital tract chlamydial infection , then some jackals reach maturity, it can be inferred that airborne mercury is captured by rain drops and deposited on the landscape when it rains. Given that it is a common misconception that if serology is of no value in the diagnosis of genital tract chlamydial infection , then some jackals reach maturity, it can be inferred that the notion that 'airborne mercury is captured by rain drops and deposited on the landscape when it rains' is untrue.
|
We know that the claim that serology is of no value in the diagnosis of genital tract chlamydial infection is false.
|
The claim that serology is of no value in the diagnosis of genital tract chlamydial infection is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Serology is of no value in the diagnosis of genital tract chlamydial infection .', 1: 'Some jackals reach maturity.', 2: 'Airborne mercury is captured by rain drops and deposited on the landscape when it rains.'}
| 2 |
1,765 |
["Once we know stereotypes appear in other forms, we also know that the statement that 'fibroadenoma tend to regress with time' is incorrect.", 'Once we know computer technology reinforces that image of relatedness with webs, networks, matrices, we also know that if stereotypes appear in other forms, then fibroadenoma tend to regress with time.', 'The idea that computer technology reinforces that image of relatedness with webs, networks, matrices is true.']
|
Once we know stereotypes appear in other forms, we also know that the statement that 'fibroadenoma tend to regress with time' is incorrect. Once we know computer technology reinforces that image of relatedness with webs, networks, matrices, we also know that if stereotypes appear in other forms, then fibroadenoma tend to regress with time. The idea that computer technology reinforces that image of relatedness with webs, networks, matrices is true.
|
It is a common misconception that stereotypes appear in other forms.
|
It is a common misconception that stereotypes appear in other forms.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Stereotypes appear in other forms.', 1: 'Fibroadenoma tend to regress with time.', 2: 'Computer technology reinforces that image of relatedness with webs, networks, matrices.'}
| 2 |
1,856 |
['When most wolves eat prey is true, it follows that the statement that states most natural stone used for patios is rock that can be quarried in flat, thin sheets is false.', 'Provided that the claim that if most wolves eat prey, then most natural stone used for patios is rock that can be quarried in flat, thin sheets does not reflect reality, we know that bottleneck hypotheses suggest activities.', 'It is not the case that bottleneck hypotheses suggest activities.']
|
When most wolves eat prey is true, it follows that the statement that states most natural stone used for patios is rock that can be quarried in flat, thin sheets is false. Provided that the claim that if most wolves eat prey, then most natural stone used for patios is rock that can be quarried in flat, thin sheets does not reflect reality, we know that bottleneck hypotheses suggest activities. It is not the case that bottleneck hypotheses suggest activities.
|
The claim that most wolves eat prey does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that most wolves eat prey does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most wolves eat prey.', 1: 'Most natural stone used for patios is rock that can be quarried in flat, thin sheets.', 2: 'Bottleneck hypotheses suggest activities.'}
| 2 |
1,867 |
['We know that the claim that mosques have (part) bases is false.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: friendship means helping ease the loneliness in life, or rats adapt to life.', 'One may reasonably assume that if friendship means helping ease the loneliness in life, then mosques have (part) bases.', 'When rats adapt to life is true, it follows that mylar blankets are a poor substitute for kleenex.']
|
We know that the claim that mosques have (part) bases is false. Either one or both of these statements are true: friendship means helping ease the loneliness in life, or rats adapt to life. One may reasonably assume that if friendship means helping ease the loneliness in life, then mosques have (part) bases. When rats adapt to life is true, it follows that mylar blankets are a poor substitute for kleenex.
|
The claim that mylar blankets are a poor substitute for kleenex holds true.
|
Demonstratives have to agree in number and gender with the noun they determine.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Mylar blankets are a poor substitute for kleenex.', 1: 'Mosques have (part) bases.', 2: 'Friendship means helping ease the loneliness in life.', 3: 'Rats adapt to life.'}
| 2 |
1,524 |
['Either either muscles can only do work when they contract and contracting muscles require a great deal of energy or male cats bring prey or exemplar isa thought.', 'Assuming either muscles can only do work when they contract and contracting muscles require a great deal of energy or male cats bring prey, we know that ethanol is a domestic, renewable fuel that is used as a high-quality octane enhancer.', 'One may reasonably assume that if international law is ultimately the governing law in the Middle East, as everywhere in the world, then if exemplar isa thought, then ethanol is a domestic, renewable fuel that is used as a high-quality octane enhancer.', 'It is a simple truth that international law is ultimately the governing law in the Middle East, as everywhere in the world.']
|
Either either muscles can only do work when they contract and contracting muscles require a great deal of energy or male cats bring prey or exemplar isa thought. Assuming either muscles can only do work when they contract and contracting muscles require a great deal of energy or male cats bring prey, we know that ethanol is a domestic, renewable fuel that is used as a high-quality octane enhancer. One may reasonably assume that if international law is ultimately the governing law in the Middle East, as everywhere in the world, then if exemplar isa thought, then ethanol is a domestic, renewable fuel that is used as a high-quality octane enhancer. It is a simple truth that international law is ultimately the governing law in the Middle East, as everywhere in the world.
|
Those that suggest ethanol is a domestic, renewable fuel that is used as a high-quality octane enhancer are right.
|
Those that suggest ethanol is a domestic, renewable fuel that is used as a high-quality octane enhancer are right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [3], then [0].).
[4]
Therefore, If [3], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Ethanol is a domestic, renewable fuel that is used as a high-quality octane enhancer.', 1: 'Muscles can only do work when they contract and contracting muscles require a great deal of energy.', 2: 'Male cats bring prey.', 3: 'Exemplar isa thought.', 4: 'International law is ultimately the governing law in the Middle East, as everywhere in the world.'}
| 2 |
1,443 |
['The claim that if cities have temperature, then titis have (part) vacuoles has no merit.', 'When ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum is true, it follows that if the claim that most melons are perfectly ripe when they separate from the vine easily is false, then if cities have temperature, then titis have (part) vacuoles.', 'It is true that ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum.']
|
The claim that if cities have temperature, then titis have (part) vacuoles has no merit. When ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum is true, it follows that if the claim that most melons are perfectly ripe when they separate from the vine easily is false, then if cities have temperature, then titis have (part) vacuoles. It is true that ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum.
|
We can assume that most melons are perfectly ripe when they separate from the vine easily.
|
We can assume that most melons are perfectly ripe when they separate from the vine easily.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Most melons are perfectly ripe when they separate from the vine easily.', 1: 'Cities have temperature.', 2: 'Titis have (part) vacuoles.', 3: 'Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum.'}
| 2 |
1,172 |
['We can assume that many laboratory strains lose their ability to form biofilms .', 'If those that suggest if many laboratory strains lose their ability to form biofilms , then infants change before our very eyes are wrong, then most rations require no more than six percent fat, even for high levels of milk production.', 'The claim that most rations require no more than six percent fat, even for high levels of milk production is false.']
|
We can assume that many laboratory strains lose their ability to form biofilms . If those that suggest if many laboratory strains lose their ability to form biofilms , then infants change before our very eyes are wrong, then most rations require no more than six percent fat, even for high levels of milk production. The claim that most rations require no more than six percent fat, even for high levels of milk production is false.
|
It is rational to agree that infants change before our very eyes.
|
The claim that infants change before our very eyes does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Infants change before our very eyes.', 1: 'Many laboratory strains lose their ability to form biofilms .', 2: 'Most rations require no more than six percent fat, even for high levels of milk production.'}
| 2 |
1,956 |
['Provided that circumcision is a procedure rife with complications, we know that white pelicans fly with their neck folded and can be distinguished by their large yellow bill.', 'Once we know most animal cells have common features, we also know that if circumcision is a procedure rife with complications, then it is not true that white pelicans fly with their neck folded and can be distinguished by their large yellow bill.', 'Those that suggest most animal cells have common features are right.']
|
Provided that circumcision is a procedure rife with complications, we know that white pelicans fly with their neck folded and can be distinguished by their large yellow bill. Once we know most animal cells have common features, we also know that if circumcision is a procedure rife with complications, then it is not true that white pelicans fly with their neck folded and can be distinguished by their large yellow bill. Those that suggest most animal cells have common features are right.
|
It is not true that circumcision is a procedure rife with complications.
|
The statement 'circumcision is a procedure rife with complications' can be considered true.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Circumcision is a procedure rife with complications.', 1: 'White pelicans fly with their neck folded and can be distinguished by their large yellow bill.', 2: 'Most animal cells have common features.'}
| 2 |
1,330 |
["The statement that 'most generators produce electricity' is incorrect.", 'It is a fact that either blue crabs live throughout the Bay or if recent studies show antioxidant, anticancer and antimalarial activity, then nights are usually wetter than days, because the air is cooler to begin with.', 'When blue crabs live throughout the Bay is true, it follows that most generators produce electricity.', 'Should it be the case that if recent studies show antioxidant, anticancer and antimalarial activity, then nights are usually wetter than days, because the air is cooler to begin with, it follows that snapper is part of snapper.']
|
The statement that 'most generators produce electricity' is incorrect. It is a fact that either blue crabs live throughout the Bay or if recent studies show antioxidant, anticancer and antimalarial activity, then nights are usually wetter than days, because the air is cooler to begin with. When blue crabs live throughout the Bay is true, it follows that most generators produce electricity. Should it be the case that if recent studies show antioxidant, anticancer and antimalarial activity, then nights are usually wetter than days, because the air is cooler to begin with, it follows that snapper is part of snapper.
|
It is the case that snapper is part of snapper.
|
It is the case that snapper is part of snapper.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then [1].
If (If [3], then [4].), then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Snapper is part of snapper.', 1: 'Most generators produce electricity.', 2: 'Blue crabs live throughout the Bay.', 3: 'Recent studies show antioxidant, anticancer and antimalarial activity.', 4: 'Nights are usually wetter than days, because the air is cooler to begin with.'}
| 2 |
1,352 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: many different species exist, ranging from trees to shrubs, tall to short, or if some foreign goods are less expensive because of lower production costs, then blue colour is associated with infinity.', "At least one of two things is true: insects thrive in groups, or the statement that 'many different species exist, ranging from trees to shrubs, tall to short' is incorrect.", 'The statement, insects thrive in groups, does not hold.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: many different species exist, ranging from trees to shrubs, tall to short, or if some foreign goods are less expensive because of lower production costs, then blue colour is associated with infinity. At least one of two things is true: insects thrive in groups, or the statement that 'many different species exist, ranging from trees to shrubs, tall to short' is incorrect. The statement, insects thrive in groups, does not hold.
|
Whenever it is true that some foreign goods are less expensive because of lower production costs, 'blue colour is associated with infinity' is true.
|
Once we know some foreign goods are less expensive because of lower production costs, we also know that blue colours have shorter wavelengths than red colours.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Some foreign goods are less expensive because of lower production costs.', 1: 'Blue colour is associated with infinity.', 2: 'Many different species exist, ranging from trees to shrubs, tall to short.', 3: 'Insects thrive in groups.'}
| 2 |
1,857 |
['Should it be the case that it is not the case that crinoids are echinoderms, a group of animals that also includes the sea-urchins and starfish, it follows that if anger is a necessary part of the human species, then hosepipes have (part) readsides.', 'Assuming it is not the case that crinoids are echinoderms, a group of animals that also includes the sea-urchins and starfish, we know that either mosquito larvae live exclusively in water or formaldehyde isa fluid.', 'Provided that either mosquito larvae live exclusively in water or formaldehyde isa fluid, we know that the claim that if anger is a necessary part of the human species, then hosepipes have (part) readsides does not reflect reality.']
|
Should it be the case that it is not the case that crinoids are echinoderms, a group of animals that also includes the sea-urchins and starfish, it follows that if anger is a necessary part of the human species, then hosepipes have (part) readsides. Assuming it is not the case that crinoids are echinoderms, a group of animals that also includes the sea-urchins and starfish, we know that either mosquito larvae live exclusively in water or formaldehyde isa fluid. Provided that either mosquito larvae live exclusively in water or formaldehyde isa fluid, we know that the claim that if anger is a necessary part of the human species, then hosepipes have (part) readsides does not reflect reality.
|
It is true that crinoids are echinoderms, a group of animals that also includes the sea-urchins and starfish.
|
The statement that 'crinoids are echinoderms, a group of animals that also includes the sea-urchins and starfish' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Crinoids are echinoderms, a group of animals that also includes the sea-urchins and starfish.', 1: 'Anger is a necessary part of the human species.', 2: 'Hosepipes have (part) readsides.', 3: 'Mosquito larvae live exclusively in water.', 4: 'Formaldehyde isa fluid.'}
| 2 |
1,766 |
['Provided that either women have two X-chromosomes, so if a colour is missing on one they have a spare or procedure codes are quick abbreviations for medical services, we know that the statement, some researchers find amylases, does not hold.', 'If the statement that states either women have two X-chromosomes, so if a colour is missing on one they have a spare or procedure codes are quick abbreviations for medical services is false, then pacas have (part) skulls.', 'Assuming the statement that states either women have two X-chromosomes, so if a colour is missing on one they have a spare or procedure codes are quick abbreviations for medical services is false, we know that some people mistakenly believe that pacas have (part) skulls.']
|
Provided that either women have two X-chromosomes, so if a colour is missing on one they have a spare or procedure codes are quick abbreviations for medical services, we know that the statement, some researchers find amylases, does not hold. If the statement that states either women have two X-chromosomes, so if a colour is missing on one they have a spare or procedure codes are quick abbreviations for medical services is false, then pacas have (part) skulls. Assuming the statement that states either women have two X-chromosomes, so if a colour is missing on one they have a spare or procedure codes are quick abbreviations for medical services is false, we know that some people mistakenly believe that pacas have (part) skulls.
|
The statement, some researchers find amylases, does not hold.
|
It is a common misconception that some researchers work with mice.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Some researchers find amylases.', 1: 'Women have two X-chromosomes, so if a colour is missing on one they have a spare.', 2: 'Procedure codes are quick abbreviations for medical services.', 3: 'Pacas have (part) skulls.'}
| 2 |
1,039 |
['Given that those that suggest pups are bottle fed and extensively socialized are wrong, it can be inferred that if market risk is the possibility of losing money because of a market decline, then cars kill more people per year than guns.', 'It is rational to believe that either african tribes do scar patterns to mark different stages in life or sweet breads tend to brown darker.', "Once we know african tribes do scar patterns to mark different stages in life, we also know that if those that suggest pups are bottle fed and extensively socialized are wrong, then the statement 'if market risk is the possibility of losing money because of a market decline, then cars kill more people per year than guns' can be considered false.", "On the condition that sweet breads tend to brown darker, it is definitely the case that if those that suggest pups are bottle fed and extensively socialized are wrong, then the statement 'if market risk is the possibility of losing money because of a market decline, then cars kill more people per year than guns' can be considered false."]
|
Given that those that suggest pups are bottle fed and extensively socialized are wrong, it can be inferred that if market risk is the possibility of losing money because of a market decline, then cars kill more people per year than guns. It is rational to believe that either african tribes do scar patterns to mark different stages in life or sweet breads tend to brown darker. Once we know african tribes do scar patterns to mark different stages in life, we also know that if those that suggest pups are bottle fed and extensively socialized are wrong, then the statement 'if market risk is the possibility of losing money because of a market decline, then cars kill more people per year than guns' can be considered false. On the condition that sweet breads tend to brown darker, it is definitely the case that if those that suggest pups are bottle fed and extensively socialized are wrong, then the statement 'if market risk is the possibility of losing money because of a market decline, then cars kill more people per year than guns' can be considered false.
|
The claim that pups are bottle fed and extensively socialized holds true.
|
The claim that pups are bottle fed and extensively socialized holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).
If [4], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Pups are bottle fed and extensively socialized.', 1: 'Market risk is the possibility of losing money because of a market decline.', 2: 'Cars kill more people per year than guns.', 3: 'African tribes do scar patterns to mark different stages in life.', 4: 'Sweet breads tend to brown darker.'}
| 2 |
1,852 |
['On the condition that barn owls save extra food to eat later, especially during the breeding season, it is definitely the case that if tanning is the result of the skin s increased production of natural pigment, then some Presbyterian denominations call their ministers teaching elders .', 'Once we know herbivores have effects, we also know that if tanning is the result of the skin s increased production of natural pigment, then some Presbyterian denominations call their ministers teaching elders .', 'One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that either barn owls save extra food to eat later, especially during the breeding season or herbivores have effects, then either a nifedipine is medicine or wild roses are erect or climbing shrubs.', 'Should it be the case that it is not true that either barn owls save extra food to eat later, especially during the breeding season or herbivores have effects, it follows that the claim that either a nifedipine is medicine or wild roses are erect or climbing shrubs is false.']
|
On the condition that barn owls save extra food to eat later, especially during the breeding season, it is definitely the case that if tanning is the result of the skin s increased production of natural pigment, then some Presbyterian denominations call their ministers teaching elders . Once we know herbivores have effects, we also know that if tanning is the result of the skin s increased production of natural pigment, then some Presbyterian denominations call their ministers teaching elders . One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that either barn owls save extra food to eat later, especially during the breeding season or herbivores have effects, then either a nifedipine is medicine or wild roses are erect or climbing shrubs. Should it be the case that it is not true that either barn owls save extra food to eat later, especially during the breeding season or herbivores have effects, it follows that the claim that either a nifedipine is medicine or wild roses are erect or climbing shrubs is false.
|
One may reasonably assume that if tanning is the result of the skin s increased production of natural pigment, then some Presbyterian denominations call their ministers teaching elders .
|
Once we know tanning occurs when the UV rays penetrate the skin and injure the pigment cells, we also know that some Presbyterian denominations call their ministers teaching elders .
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then (Either [4] or [5].).
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then (Not (Either [4] or [5].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Tanning is the result of the skin s increased production of natural pigment.', 1: 'Some Presbyterian denominations call their ministers teaching elders .', 2: 'Barn owls save extra food to eat later, especially during the breeding season.', 3: 'Herbivores have effects.', 4: 'A nifedipine is medicine.', 5: 'Wild roses are erect or climbing shrubs.'}
| 2 |
1,875 |
['Those that suggest carpenter ants are usually larger than most other house infesting ants are wrong.', 'When the claim that if inactivity causes muscle deterioration, which results in greater weakness and fatigue, then carpenter ants are usually larger than most other house infesting ants does not reflect reality is true, it follows that asexual workers perform essential duties.', "If the claim that if inactivity causes muscle deterioration, which results in greater weakness and fatigue, then carpenter ants are usually larger than most other house infesting ants does not reflect reality, then the statement 'asexual workers perform essential duties' can be considered false."]
|
Those that suggest carpenter ants are usually larger than most other house infesting ants are wrong. When the claim that if inactivity causes muscle deterioration, which results in greater weakness and fatigue, then carpenter ants are usually larger than most other house infesting ants does not reflect reality is true, it follows that asexual workers perform essential duties. If the claim that if inactivity causes muscle deterioration, which results in greater weakness and fatigue, then carpenter ants are usually larger than most other house infesting ants does not reflect reality, then the statement 'asexual workers perform essential duties' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'inactivity causes muscle deterioration, which results in greater weakness and fatigue' can be considered false.
|
The idea that inactivity causes muscle deterioration, which results in greater weakness and fatigue is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Inactivity causes muscle deterioration, which results in greater weakness and fatigue.', 1: 'Carpenter ants are usually larger than most other house infesting ants.', 2: 'Asexual workers perform essential duties.'}
| 2 |
1,156 |
['Should it be the case that oceans determine our climate and our weather, it follows that some pto- maines are poisonous but most are harmless.', 'There is good reason to believe that either video games are notoriously violent or if if oceans determine our climate and our weather, then some pto- maines are poisonous but most are harmless, then if back injuries are the leading cause of disability and disability retirement for fire fighters, then research is itself part of the process of epistemology.', 'The claim that video games are notoriously violent is false.']
|
Should it be the case that oceans determine our climate and our weather, it follows that some pto- maines are poisonous but most are harmless. There is good reason to believe that either video games are notoriously violent or if if oceans determine our climate and our weather, then some pto- maines are poisonous but most are harmless, then if back injuries are the leading cause of disability and disability retirement for fire fighters, then research is itself part of the process of epistemology. The claim that video games are notoriously violent is false.
|
Whenever it is true that back injuries are the leading cause of disability and disability retirement for fire fighters, 'research is itself part of the process of epistemology' is true.
|
It is not true that if back injuries are the leading cause of disability and disability retirement for fire fighters, then research is itself part of the process of epistemology.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [0], then [1].).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Back injuries are the leading cause of disability and disability retirement for fire fighters.', 1: 'Research is itself part of the process of epistemology.', 2: 'Oceans determine our climate and our weather.', 3: 'Some pto- maines are poisonous but most are harmless.', 4: 'Video games are notoriously violent.'}
| 2 |
1,222 |
['Given that some resistant tuberculosis affects growth, it can be inferred that if deforestation occurs in many areas, then washer isa worker.', 'At least one of two things is true: strength is a skill to achieve the object in spite of the problems, or all fish benefit from some live food in their diet.', 'Once we know strength is a skill to achieve the object in spite of the problems, we also know that some resistant tuberculosis affects growth.', 'Should it be the case that all fish benefit from some live food in their diet, it follows that some resistant tuberculosis affects growth.']
|
Given that some resistant tuberculosis affects growth, it can be inferred that if deforestation occurs in many areas, then washer isa worker. At least one of two things is true: strength is a skill to achieve the object in spite of the problems, or all fish benefit from some live food in their diet. Once we know strength is a skill to achieve the object in spite of the problems, we also know that some resistant tuberculosis affects growth. Should it be the case that all fish benefit from some live food in their diet, it follows that some resistant tuberculosis affects growth.
|
Given that deforestation occurs in many areas, it can be inferred that washer isa worker.
|
Provided that most deforestation affects plant density, we know that washer isa worker
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [2].
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Deforestation occurs in many areas.', 1: 'Washer isa worker.', 2: 'Some resistant tuberculosis affects growth.', 3: 'Strength is a skill to achieve the object in spite of the problems.', 4: 'All fish benefit from some live food in their diet.'}
| 2 |
1,641 |
['Either either insecticides can kill both target pests and non-pest beneficial insects or cobbles predominate in most pedons or if bases are proton acceptors, then construction zones exist to ultimately make transportation safer and more convenient for everyone.', 'If beanie babies are fads, then the claim that either insecticides can kill both target pests and non-pest beneficial insects or cobbles predominate in most pedons has no merit.', 'The statement that states beanie babies are fads is right.']
|
Either either insecticides can kill both target pests and non-pest beneficial insects or cobbles predominate in most pedons or if bases are proton acceptors, then construction zones exist to ultimately make transportation safer and more convenient for everyone. If beanie babies are fads, then the claim that either insecticides can kill both target pests and non-pest beneficial insects or cobbles predominate in most pedons has no merit. The statement that states beanie babies are fads is right.
|
Provided that bases are proton acceptors, we know that construction zones exist to ultimately make transportation safer and more convenient for everyone
|
Provided that bases are proton acceptors, we know that construction zones exist to ultimately make transportation safer and more convenient for everyone
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If [0], then [1].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
[4]
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Bases are proton acceptors.', 1: 'Construction zones exist to ultimately make transportation safer and more convenient for everyone.', 2: 'Insecticides can kill both target pests and non-pest beneficial insects.', 3: 'Cobbles predominate in most pedons.', 4: 'Beanie babies are fads.'}
| 2 |
1,210 |
['Assuming either filing are storings or fingers are used for warns, we know that particle size is determined by laser scattering.', 'At least one of two things is true: if rape is the most common form of sexual assault, then aquatic recreational activities involve direct contact, or exudate varies from yellow white to gray white and watery to viscous in consistency.', 'If if rape is the most common form of sexual assault, then aquatic recreational activities involve direct contact, then filing are storings.', "So long as exudate varies from yellow white to gray white and watery to viscous in consistency, 'fingers are used for warns' is true."]
|
Assuming either filing are storings or fingers are used for warns, we know that particle size is determined by laser scattering. At least one of two things is true: if rape is the most common form of sexual assault, then aquatic recreational activities involve direct contact, or exudate varies from yellow white to gray white and watery to viscous in consistency. If if rape is the most common form of sexual assault, then aquatic recreational activities involve direct contact, then filing are storings. So long as exudate varies from yellow white to gray white and watery to viscous in consistency, 'fingers are used for warns' is true.
|
The statement 'particle size is determined by laser scattering' is true.
|
The claim that particle size is determined by laser scattering has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].
If (If [3], then [4].), then [1].
If [5], then [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Particle size is determined by laser scattering.', 1: 'Filing are storings.', 2: 'Fingers are used for warns.', 3: 'Rape is the most common form of sexual assault.', 4: 'Aquatic recreational activities involve direct contact.', 5: 'Exudate varies from yellow white to gray white and watery to viscous in consistency.'}
| 2 |
1,746 |
['Given that guidelines include restrictions, it can be inferred that multivitamins provide many nutrients that are necessary for optimal nervous system function.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: either erythrocytes are very flexible and change shape when flowing through capillaries or society is viewed as a stable, orderly system, or most birds fly.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either erythrocytes are very flexible and change shape when flowing through capillaries or society is viewed as a stable, orderly system, then guidelines include restrictions.', 'If most birds fly, then guidelines include restrictions.']
|
Given that guidelines include restrictions, it can be inferred that multivitamins provide many nutrients that are necessary for optimal nervous system function. Either one or both of these statements are true: either erythrocytes are very flexible and change shape when flowing through capillaries or society is viewed as a stable, orderly system, or most birds fly. One may reasonably assume that if either erythrocytes are very flexible and change shape when flowing through capillaries or society is viewed as a stable, orderly system, then guidelines include restrictions. If most birds fly, then guidelines include restrictions.
|
The idea that multivitamins provide many nutrients that are necessary for optimal nervous system function is true.
|
Multivitamins contain multiple micronutrients, such as vitamins and dietary minerals.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Multivitamins provide many nutrients that are necessary for optimal nervous system function.', 1: 'Guidelines include restrictions.', 2: 'Erythrocytes are very flexible and change shape when flowing through capillaries.', 3: 'Society is viewed as a stable, orderly system.', 4: 'Most birds fly.'}
| 2 |
1,960 |
['Either testers have (part) human bodies or seals have (part) cytoplasm.', 'If testers have (part) human bodies, then most food is eaten by particular people.', 'The claim that most food is eaten by particular people does not reflect reality.']
|
Either testers have (part) human bodies or seals have (part) cytoplasm. If testers have (part) human bodies, then most food is eaten by particular people. The claim that most food is eaten by particular people does not reflect reality.
|
The idea that seals have (part) cytoplasm is true.
|
The idea that seals have (part) cytoplasm is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Seals have (part) cytoplasm.', 1: 'Testers have (part) human bodies.', 2: 'Most food is eaten by particular people.'}
| 2 |
1,700 |
['It is rational to believe that either horses tend to copy the behavior of their neighbors or imagery seems to play useful roles in cognition.', 'Once we know imagery seems to play useful roles in cognition, we also know that abortions can occur at any stage of gestation.', 'Either federal agencies have authority or if horses tend to copy the behavior of their neighbors, then abortions can occur at any stage of gestation.', "The statement that 'federal agencies have authority' is incorrect."]
|
It is rational to believe that either horses tend to copy the behavior of their neighbors or imagery seems to play useful roles in cognition. Once we know imagery seems to play useful roles in cognition, we also know that abortions can occur at any stage of gestation. Either federal agencies have authority or if horses tend to copy the behavior of their neighbors, then abortions can occur at any stage of gestation. The statement that 'federal agencies have authority' is incorrect.
|
It is true that abortions can occur at any stage of gestation.
|
It is true that abortions can occur at any stage of gestation.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Abortions can occur at any stage of gestation.', 1: 'Horses tend to copy the behavior of their neighbors.', 2: 'Imagery seems to play useful roles in cognition.', 3: 'Federal agencies have authority.'}
| 2 |
1,167 |
['Those that suggest a society is a social group are wrong.', 'Should it be the case that either netting allows water to flow through or ginkgos have naked seeds, it follows that either a society is a social group or most chickens are located at habitats.', 'We know that either netting allows water to flow through or ginkgos have naked seeds.']
|
Those that suggest a society is a social group are wrong. Should it be the case that either netting allows water to flow through or ginkgos have naked seeds, it follows that either a society is a social group or most chickens are located at habitats. We know that either netting allows water to flow through or ginkgos have naked seeds.
|
The claim that most chickens are located at habitats holds true.
|
Most chickens have hearts.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [1] or [0].).
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Most chickens are located at habitats.', 1: 'A society is a social group.', 2: 'Netting allows water to flow through.', 3: 'Ginkgos have naked seeds.'}
| 2 |
1,998 |
['It is a fact that either screen resolution is important when viewing websites for example or most rare phenotypes have significant survival advantage.', 'If screen resolution is important when viewing websites for example, then food chains describe how energy is transferred from one organism in an ecosystem to another.', 'It is not the case that food chains describe how energy is transferred from one organism in an ecosystem to another.']
|
It is a fact that either screen resolution is important when viewing websites for example or most rare phenotypes have significant survival advantage. If screen resolution is important when viewing websites for example, then food chains describe how energy is transferred from one organism in an ecosystem to another. It is not the case that food chains describe how energy is transferred from one organism in an ecosystem to another.
|
The statement 'most rare phenotypes have significant survival advantage' is true.
|
The claim that most rare phenotypes have significant survival advantage does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most rare phenotypes have significant survival advantage.', 1: 'Screen resolution is important when viewing websites for example.', 2: 'Food chains describe how energy is transferred from one organism in an ecosystem to another.'}
| 2 |
1,984 |
['It is not true that pelicans dive for food.', 'We know that either if most anteaters use long noses, then sputum cultures reveal only normal mouth flora or genomics is central to malaria research.', 'Once we know if most anteaters use long noses, then sputum cultures reveal only normal mouth flora, we also know that pelicans dive for food.', 'Should it be the case that genomics is central to malaria research, it follows that some people can walk a mile or more without discomfort if they pace themselves.']
|
It is not true that pelicans dive for food. We know that either if most anteaters use long noses, then sputum cultures reveal only normal mouth flora or genomics is central to malaria research. Once we know if most anteaters use long noses, then sputum cultures reveal only normal mouth flora, we also know that pelicans dive for food. Should it be the case that genomics is central to malaria research, it follows that some people can walk a mile or more without discomfort if they pace themselves.
|
The statement 'some people can walk a mile or more without discomfort if they pace themselves' can be considered true.
|
Many people have no symptoms until they suffer chest pains or a heart attack.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then [1].
If [4], then [0].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Some people can walk a mile or more without discomfort if they pace themselves.', 1: 'Pelicans dive for food.', 2: 'Most anteaters use long noses.', 3: 'Sputum cultures reveal only normal mouth flora.', 4: 'Genomics is central to malaria research.'}
| 2 |
1,491 |
['The statement, substantive conflict is defined as a breakdown in the decision making process, does not hold.', 'At least one of two things is true: either poison affects animals or infants develop and change so quickly, that every day really does count, or either substantive conflict is defined as a breakdown in the decision making process or oral contracts are agreement.', 'The claim that either poison affects animals or infants develop and change so quickly, that every day really does count does not correspond with reality.']
|
The statement, substantive conflict is defined as a breakdown in the decision making process, does not hold. At least one of two things is true: either poison affects animals or infants develop and change so quickly, that every day really does count, or either substantive conflict is defined as a breakdown in the decision making process or oral contracts are agreement. The claim that either poison affects animals or infants develop and change so quickly, that every day really does count does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement 'oral contracts are agreement' is true.
|
It is not true that oral contracts are agreement.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Oral contracts are agreement.', 1: 'Substantive conflict is defined as a breakdown in the decision making process.', 2: 'Poison affects animals.', 3: 'Infants develop and change so quickly, that every day really does count.'}
| 2 |
1,010 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: forests represent a major part of our freshwater resources, or megawatts have (part) watts.', 'On the condition that megawatts have (part) watts, it is definitely the case that houses have (part) windows.', 'Once we know globalization has a number of positive effects, we also know that if forests represent a major part of our freshwater resources, then houses have (part) windows.', 'It is true that globalization has a number of positive effects.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: forests represent a major part of our freshwater resources, or megawatts have (part) watts. On the condition that megawatts have (part) watts, it is definitely the case that houses have (part) windows. Once we know globalization has a number of positive effects, we also know that if forests represent a major part of our freshwater resources, then houses have (part) windows. It is true that globalization has a number of positive effects.
|
Those that suggest houses have (part) windows are right.
|
The statement that 'houses have (part) windows' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
[3]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Houses have (part) windows.', 1: 'Forests represent a major part of our freshwater resources.', 2: 'Megawatts have (part) watts.', 3: 'Globalization has a number of positive effects.'}
| 2 |
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