id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
| depth
int64 1
7
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,993 |
['It is a fact that either walkers give babies mobility before they or their parents are ready to handle the responsibility or engineers combine chemistry and engineering to solve problems and find better ways of doing things.', 'If walkers give babies mobility before they or their parents are ready to handle the responsibility, then most countries follow a similar pattern in regards to work permits and resident visas.', 'On the condition that correlated traits are common in nature, it is definitely the case that if engineers combine chemistry and engineering to solve problems and find better ways of doing things, then most countries follow a similar pattern in regards to work permits and resident visas.', "The statement 'correlated traits are common in nature' can be considered true."]
|
It is a fact that either walkers give babies mobility before they or their parents are ready to handle the responsibility or engineers combine chemistry and engineering to solve problems and find better ways of doing things. If walkers give babies mobility before they or their parents are ready to handle the responsibility, then most countries follow a similar pattern in regards to work permits and resident visas. On the condition that correlated traits are common in nature, it is definitely the case that if engineers combine chemistry and engineering to solve problems and find better ways of doing things, then most countries follow a similar pattern in regards to work permits and resident visas. The statement 'correlated traits are common in nature' can be considered true.
|
It is true that most countries follow a similar pattern in regards to work permits and resident visas.
|
The claim that most countries follow a similar pattern in regards to work permits and resident visas does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then [0].).
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Most countries follow a similar pattern in regards to work permits and resident visas.', 1: 'Walkers give babies mobility before they or their parents are ready to handle the responsibility.', 2: 'Engineers combine chemistry and engineering to solve problems and find better ways of doing things.', 3: 'Correlated traits are common in nature.'}
| 2 |
1,859 |
['At least one of two things is true: a grappling hook is a tool, or the claim that most male mandrills have snouts has no merit.', 'We know that either migration increases chances or most euglenids live in freshwater.', 'Assuming migration increases chances, we know that those that suggest a grappling hook is a tool are wrong.', 'Should it be the case that most euglenids live in freshwater, it follows that those that suggest a grappling hook is a tool are wrong.']
|
At least one of two things is true: a grappling hook is a tool, or the claim that most male mandrills have snouts has no merit. We know that either migration increases chances or most euglenids live in freshwater. Assuming migration increases chances, we know that those that suggest a grappling hook is a tool are wrong. Should it be the case that most euglenids live in freshwater, it follows that those that suggest a grappling hook is a tool are wrong.
|
The claim that most male mandrills have snouts has no merit.
|
The statement 'most male mandrills have snouts' can be considered true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most male mandrills have snouts.', 1: 'A grappling hook is a tool.', 2: 'Migration increases chances.', 3: 'Most euglenids live in freshwater.'}
| 2 |
1,298 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: an oriental bittersweet is a vine, or power is transient and no human being can be the repository of absolute power.', 'Given that an oriental bittersweet is a vine, it can be inferred that many people use tobacco in one form or another in Canada, and it affects our lives in many ways.', 'We know that either outdoor pet bites Most bites from pets are from dogs or cats or if power is transient and no human being can be the repository of absolute power, then many people use tobacco in one form or another in Canada, and it affects our lives in many ways.', 'We know that the claim that outdoor pet bites Most bites from pets are from dogs or cats is false.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: an oriental bittersweet is a vine, or power is transient and no human being can be the repository of absolute power. Given that an oriental bittersweet is a vine, it can be inferred that many people use tobacco in one form or another in Canada, and it affects our lives in many ways. We know that either outdoor pet bites Most bites from pets are from dogs or cats or if power is transient and no human being can be the repository of absolute power, then many people use tobacco in one form or another in Canada, and it affects our lives in many ways. We know that the claim that outdoor pet bites Most bites from pets are from dogs or cats is false.
|
It is reasonable to believe that many people use tobacco in one form or another in Canada, and it affects our lives in many ways.
|
Many people experience weight loss by increasing daily water intake only.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Many people use tobacco in one form or another in Canada, and it affects our lives in many ways.', 1: 'An oriental bittersweet is a vine.', 2: 'Power is transient and no human being can be the repository of absolute power.', 3: 'Outdoor pet bites Most bites from pets are from dogs or cats.'}
| 2 |
1,553 |
['We can assume that wolves live in regions.', "Whenever it is true that night blooming plants and trees depend on nectar eating bats for pollination, 'if wolves live in regions, then northern cardinals are unusual among temperate-zone birds because both males and females sing' is true.", "The statement 'night blooming plants and trees depend on nectar eating bats for pollination' is true."]
|
We can assume that wolves live in regions. Whenever it is true that night blooming plants and trees depend on nectar eating bats for pollination, 'if wolves live in regions, then northern cardinals are unusual among temperate-zone birds because both males and females sing' is true. The statement 'night blooming plants and trees depend on nectar eating bats for pollination' is true.
|
The statement that states northern cardinals are unusual among temperate-zone birds because both males and females sing is right.
|
The statement that states northern cardinals are unusual among temperate-zone birds because both males and females sing is right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
[2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Northern cardinals are unusual among temperate-zone birds because both males and females sing.', 1: 'Wolves live in regions.', 2: 'Night blooming plants and trees depend on nectar eating bats for pollination.'}
| 2 |
1,672 |
['Assuming most climates affect biodiversity, we know that the statement that states either sensitization is associated with humid environments or many people are against gay marriage is false.', 'Given that pollen is located on the anthers and needs to relocate to the ovary of the flower, it can be inferred that the statement that states either sensitization is associated with humid environments or many people are against gay marriage is false.', 'Given that it is not true that either most climates affect biodiversity or pollen is located on the anthers and needs to relocate to the ovary of the flower, it can be inferred that receipts are acknowledgment.', "If it is not true that either most climates affect biodiversity or pollen is located on the anthers and needs to relocate to the ovary of the flower, then the notion that 'receipts are acknowledgment' is untrue."]
|
Assuming most climates affect biodiversity, we know that the statement that states either sensitization is associated with humid environments or many people are against gay marriage is false. Given that pollen is located on the anthers and needs to relocate to the ovary of the flower, it can be inferred that the statement that states either sensitization is associated with humid environments or many people are against gay marriage is false. Given that it is not true that either most climates affect biodiversity or pollen is located on the anthers and needs to relocate to the ovary of the flower, it can be inferred that receipts are acknowledgment. If it is not true that either most climates affect biodiversity or pollen is located on the anthers and needs to relocate to the ovary of the flower, then the notion that 'receipts are acknowledgment' is untrue.
|
The statement that states either sensitization is associated with humid environments or many people are against gay marriage is false.
|
It is not true that sensitization is clearly a serious and material impairment of health.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [3], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then [4].
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Sensitization is associated with humid environments.', 1: 'Many people are against gay marriage.', 2: 'Most climates affect biodiversity.', 3: 'Pollen is located on the anthers and needs to relocate to the ovary of the flower.', 4: 'Receipts are acknowledgment.'}
| 2 |
1,971 |
['It is not true that some savannahs have attributes.', "It is rational to believe that either busters are people or either some savannahs have attributes or the notion that 'health is a state and a process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person' is untrue.", 'It is not the case that busters are people.']
|
It is not true that some savannahs have attributes. It is rational to believe that either busters are people or either some savannahs have attributes or the notion that 'health is a state and a process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person' is untrue. It is not the case that busters are people.
|
The notion that 'health is a state and a process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'health is a state and a process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [1] or (Not [0].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Health is a state and a process of being and becoming an integrated and whole person.', 1: 'Some savannahs have attributes.', 2: 'Busters are people.'}
| 2 |
1,027 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: spiders use camouflage to blend in with colors and patterns, or those that suggest water quality has several different meanings are wrong.', 'We know that either salvation is achieved by detachment from the finite self and attachment to reality as a whole or most colored gemstones derive their beauty from their color.', "So long as salvation is achieved by detachment from the finite self and attachment to reality as a whole, 'it is not true that spiders use camouflage to blend in with colors and patterns' is true.", 'On the condition that most colored gemstones derive their beauty from their color, it is definitely the case that it is not true that spiders use camouflage to blend in with colors and patterns.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: spiders use camouflage to blend in with colors and patterns, or those that suggest water quality has several different meanings are wrong. We know that either salvation is achieved by detachment from the finite self and attachment to reality as a whole or most colored gemstones derive their beauty from their color. So long as salvation is achieved by detachment from the finite self and attachment to reality as a whole, 'it is not true that spiders use camouflage to blend in with colors and patterns' is true. On the condition that most colored gemstones derive their beauty from their color, it is definitely the case that it is not true that spiders use camouflage to blend in with colors and patterns.
|
Those that suggest water quality has several different meanings are wrong.
|
The claim that water quality is also related to larger patterns of land use over entire watersheds is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Water quality has several different meanings.', 1: 'Spiders use camouflage to blend in with colors and patterns.', 2: 'Salvation is achieved by detachment from the finite self and attachment to reality as a whole.', 3: 'Most colored gemstones derive their beauty from their color.'}
| 2 |
1,231 |
['When legumes are a crucial source of protein for humans and forage food for animals is true, it follows that fast calculators are helpless in closed positions, in which they move their pieces like zombies.', "We know that at least one of two things is true: love is nature's way of making people miserable, or crocodiles float in habitats.", "If love is nature's way of making people miserable, then it is not true that fast calculators are helpless in closed positions, in which they move their pieces like zombies.", "Whenever it is true that crocodiles float in habitats, 'it is not true that fast calculators are helpless in closed positions, in which they move their pieces like zombies' is true."]
|
When legumes are a crucial source of protein for humans and forage food for animals is true, it follows that fast calculators are helpless in closed positions, in which they move their pieces like zombies. We know that at least one of two things is true: love is nature's way of making people miserable, or crocodiles float in habitats. If love is nature's way of making people miserable, then it is not true that fast calculators are helpless in closed positions, in which they move their pieces like zombies. Whenever it is true that crocodiles float in habitats, 'it is not true that fast calculators are helpless in closed positions, in which they move their pieces like zombies' is true.
|
The notion that 'legumes are a crucial source of protein for humans and forage food for animals' is untrue.
|
Those that suggest legumes are a crucial source of protein for humans and forage food for animals are right.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Legumes are a crucial source of protein for humans and forage food for animals.', 1: 'Fast calculators are helpless in closed positions, in which they move their pieces like zombies.', 2: "Love is nature's way of making people miserable.", 3: 'Crocodiles float in habitats.'}
| 2 |
1,306 |
['Provided that it is a common misconception that neutrinos are very difficult to detect, we know that some jaws adapt for hard nuts.', 'It is a fact that either families can suffer while parents struggle with low-paying jobs or orangutans have (part) cell membranes.', 'Assuming families can suffer while parents struggle with low-paying jobs, we know that the claim that some jaws adapt for hard nuts is false.', "Whenever it is true that orangutans have (part) cell membranes, 'the claim that some jaws adapt for hard nuts is false' is true."]
|
Provided that it is a common misconception that neutrinos are very difficult to detect, we know that some jaws adapt for hard nuts. It is a fact that either families can suffer while parents struggle with low-paying jobs or orangutans have (part) cell membranes. Assuming families can suffer while parents struggle with low-paying jobs, we know that the claim that some jaws adapt for hard nuts is false. Whenever it is true that orangutans have (part) cell membranes, 'the claim that some jaws adapt for hard nuts is false' is true.
|
We can assume that neutrinos are very difficult to detect.
|
Neutrinos originate in nuclear reactions and in the core of stars such as our sun.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Neutrinos are very difficult to detect.', 1: 'Some jaws adapt for hard nuts.', 2: 'Families can suffer while parents struggle with low-paying jobs.', 3: 'Orangutans have (part) cell membranes.'}
| 2 |
1,706 |
['The claim that golden rules are teaching does not reflect reality.', 'If recessional moraines mark intermediate advances, then either golden rules are teaching or women suffer in the hands of men.', 'The statement that states recessional moraines mark intermediate advances is right.']
|
The claim that golden rules are teaching does not reflect reality. If recessional moraines mark intermediate advances, then either golden rules are teaching or women suffer in the hands of men. The statement that states recessional moraines mark intermediate advances is right.
|
It is true that women suffer in the hands of men.
|
Women have the ability to control when and if they get pregnant.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Women suffer in the hands of men.', 1: 'Golden rules are teaching.', 2: 'Recessional moraines mark intermediate advances.'}
| 2 |
1,496 |
['Either ingestion can result in gas embolism due to the formation of hydrogen or human motion is governed by the kinematic constraints of the skeleton.', "So long as human motion is governed by the kinematic constraints of the skeleton, 'if most open mouths make sound, then desirability is a gamma function' is true.", "Whenever it is true that the claim that if ingestion can result in gas embolism due to the formation of hydrogen, then if most open mouths make sound, then desirability is a gamma function does not correspond with reality, 'either biliary atresia is a rare disorder of infancy or some creatures share habitats' is true.", 'It is not the case that either biliary atresia is a rare disorder of infancy or some creatures share habitats.']
|
Either ingestion can result in gas embolism due to the formation of hydrogen or human motion is governed by the kinematic constraints of the skeleton. So long as human motion is governed by the kinematic constraints of the skeleton, 'if most open mouths make sound, then desirability is a gamma function' is true. Whenever it is true that the claim that if ingestion can result in gas embolism due to the formation of hydrogen, then if most open mouths make sound, then desirability is a gamma function does not correspond with reality, 'either biliary atresia is a rare disorder of infancy or some creatures share habitats' is true. It is not the case that either biliary atresia is a rare disorder of infancy or some creatures share habitats.
|
Assuming most open mouths make sound, we know that desirability is a gamma function.
|
The claim that if most open mouths make sound, then desirability is a gamma function has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then (Either [4] or [5].).
Not (Either [4] or [5].).
Therefore, If [2], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most open mouths make sound.', 1: 'Desirability is a gamma function.', 2: 'Ingestion can result in gas embolism due to the formation of hydrogen.', 3: 'Human motion is governed by the kinematic constraints of the skeleton.', 4: 'Biliary atresia is a rare disorder of infancy.', 5: 'Some creatures share habitats.'}
| 2 |
1,558 |
["It is a fact that either exposure damages eyes or the statement that 'hair absorbs all the things found in water, which sometimes include water-purifying chemicals' is incorrect.", 'Provided that exposure damages eyes, we know that most rats carry fleas.', 'It is not the case that most rats carry fleas.']
|
It is a fact that either exposure damages eyes or the statement that 'hair absorbs all the things found in water, which sometimes include water-purifying chemicals' is incorrect. Provided that exposure damages eyes, we know that most rats carry fleas. It is not the case that most rats carry fleas.
|
The statement that 'hair absorbs all the things found in water, which sometimes include water-purifying chemicals' is incorrect.
|
It is a simple truth that hair absorbs all the things found in water, which sometimes include water-purifying chemicals.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Hair absorbs all the things found in water, which sometimes include water-purifying chemicals.', 1: 'Exposure damages eyes.', 2: 'Most rats carry fleas.'}
| 2 |
1,784 |
['It is rational to believe that either many household products contain the same chemicals produced and used by industry or if gray birch is birch, then product development means innovation in technology and design.', "Either if small openings connect the sinuses to the nasal cavity, then dopamine neurons make glutamatergic synapses in vitro or the statement 'many household products contain the same chemicals produced and used by industry' can be considered false.", 'The statement that states if small openings connect the sinuses to the nasal cavity, then dopamine neurons make glutamatergic synapses in vitro is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either many household products contain the same chemicals produced and used by industry or if gray birch is birch, then product development means innovation in technology and design. Either if small openings connect the sinuses to the nasal cavity, then dopamine neurons make glutamatergic synapses in vitro or the statement 'many household products contain the same chemicals produced and used by industry' can be considered false. The statement that states if small openings connect the sinuses to the nasal cavity, then dopamine neurons make glutamatergic synapses in vitro is false.
|
Given that gray birch is birch, it can be inferred that product development means innovation in technology and design.
|
We know that the claim that if gray birch is birch, then product development means innovation in technology and design is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Not [2].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Gray birch is birch.', 1: 'Product development means innovation in technology and design.', 2: 'Many household products contain the same chemicals produced and used by industry.', 3: 'Small openings connect the sinuses to the nasal cavity.', 4: 'Dopamine neurons make glutamatergic synapses in vitro.'}
| 2 |
1,239 |
["The statement that 'trees require a large leaf surface area to provide food for maintenance and growth' is incorrect.", 'On the condition that king cobras swallow struggle prey, it is definitely the case that managers advise sale representatives.', 'If managers advise sale representatives, then trees require a large leaf surface area to provide food for maintenance and growth.']
|
The statement that 'trees require a large leaf surface area to provide food for maintenance and growth' is incorrect. On the condition that king cobras swallow struggle prey, it is definitely the case that managers advise sale representatives. If managers advise sale representatives, then trees require a large leaf surface area to provide food for maintenance and growth.
|
Those that suggest king cobras swallow struggle prey are wrong.
|
Those that suggest king cobras swallow struggle prey are wrong.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'King cobras swallow struggle prey.', 1: 'Trees require a large leaf surface area to provide food for maintenance and growth.', 2: 'Managers advise sale representatives.'}
| 2 |
1,578 |
['Assuming corals are the second most productive ecosystem behind rainforests, we know that it is not the case that some soil compaction decreases soil aeration.', 'Assuming pond pine is a scattered, overlooked native pine which is often confused with loblolly pine, we know that it is not the case that some soil compaction decreases soil aeration.', 'There is good reason to believe that either if some atmospheres produce ozones, then patterns show effects or angolan isa someone.', 'When if some atmospheres produce ozones, then patterns show effects is true, it follows that either corals are the second most productive ecosystem behind rainforests or pond pine is a scattered, overlooked native pine which is often confused with loblolly pine.', 'When angolan isa someone is true, it follows that either corals are the second most productive ecosystem behind rainforests or pond pine is a scattered, overlooked native pine which is often confused with loblolly pine.']
|
Assuming corals are the second most productive ecosystem behind rainforests, we know that it is not the case that some soil compaction decreases soil aeration. Assuming pond pine is a scattered, overlooked native pine which is often confused with loblolly pine, we know that it is not the case that some soil compaction decreases soil aeration. There is good reason to believe that either if some atmospheres produce ozones, then patterns show effects or angolan isa someone. When if some atmospheres produce ozones, then patterns show effects is true, it follows that either corals are the second most productive ecosystem behind rainforests or pond pine is a scattered, overlooked native pine which is often confused with loblolly pine. When angolan isa someone is true, it follows that either corals are the second most productive ecosystem behind rainforests or pond pine is a scattered, overlooked native pine which is often confused with loblolly pine.
|
It is not the case that some soil compaction decreases soil aeration.
|
It is fair to say that some soil compaction decreases soil aeration.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [5], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Some soil compaction decreases soil aeration.', 1: 'Corals are the second most productive ecosystem behind rainforests.', 2: 'Pond pine is a scattered, overlooked native pine which is often confused with loblolly pine.', 3: 'Some atmospheres produce ozones.', 4: 'Patterns show effects.', 5: 'Angolan isa someone.'}
| 2 |
1,055 |
['It is a fact that either if data integrity is critical to the reliability of agent-based systems, then plastic is a class of thermoplastic terpolymers including a range of resins or control structures are special instructions that can change the flow of control.', 'One may reasonably assume that if control structures are special instructions that can change the flow of control, then operational efficiency is critical to creating places and projects that succeed.', 'When if data integrity is critical to the reliability of agent-based systems, then plastic is a class of thermoplastic terpolymers including a range of resins is true, it follows that greek organizations offer many people a family away from home.', 'If greek organizations offer many people a family away from home, then operational efficiency is critical to creating places and projects that succeed.']
|
It is a fact that either if data integrity is critical to the reliability of agent-based systems, then plastic is a class of thermoplastic terpolymers including a range of resins or control structures are special instructions that can change the flow of control. One may reasonably assume that if control structures are special instructions that can change the flow of control, then operational efficiency is critical to creating places and projects that succeed. When if data integrity is critical to the reliability of agent-based systems, then plastic is a class of thermoplastic terpolymers including a range of resins is true, it follows that greek organizations offer many people a family away from home. If greek organizations offer many people a family away from home, then operational efficiency is critical to creating places and projects that succeed.
|
operational efficiency is critical to creating places and projects that succeed.
|
The statement, operational efficiency is critical to creating places and projects that succeed, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [4].
If [4], then [0].
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Operational efficiency is critical to creating places and projects that succeed.', 1: 'Data integrity is critical to the reliability of agent-based systems.', 2: 'Plastic is a class of thermoplastic terpolymers including a range of resins.', 3: 'Control structures are special instructions that can change the flow of control.', 4: 'Greek organizations offer many people a family away from home.'}
| 2 |
1,906 |
["So long as if xenon induces robust cardioprotection and neuroprotection through a variety of mechanisms, then periodical cicadas have a higher-pitched sound and sing during the day, 'blood meal is a rich source of nitrogen that is quickly available, so use with care' is true.", "One may reasonably assume that if biosynthesis is catalysed by enzymes, production of which is directed by the cell's genes, then if xenon induces robust cardioprotection and neuroprotection through a variety of mechanisms, then periodical cicadas have a higher-pitched sound and sing during the day.", "Those that suggest biosynthesis is catalysed by enzymes, production of which is directed by the cell's genes are right."]
|
So long as if xenon induces robust cardioprotection and neuroprotection through a variety of mechanisms, then periodical cicadas have a higher-pitched sound and sing during the day, 'blood meal is a rich source of nitrogen that is quickly available, so use with care' is true. One may reasonably assume that if biosynthesis is catalysed by enzymes, production of which is directed by the cell's genes, then if xenon induces robust cardioprotection and neuroprotection through a variety of mechanisms, then periodical cicadas have a higher-pitched sound and sing during the day. Those that suggest biosynthesis is catalysed by enzymes, production of which is directed by the cell's genes are right.
|
The claim that blood meal is a rich source of nitrogen that is quickly available, so use with care holds true.
|
The claim that blood meal is a rich source of nitrogen that is quickly available, so use with care holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [1], then [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [1], then [2].).
[3]
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Blood meal is a rich source of nitrogen that is quickly available, so use with care.', 1: 'Xenon induces robust cardioprotection and neuroprotection through a variety of mechanisms.', 2: 'Periodical cicadas have a higher-pitched sound and sing during the day.', 3: "Biosynthesis is catalysed by enzymes, production of which is directed by the cell's genes."}
| 2 |
1,175 |
['Assuming appetite suppressants are only a short-term solution for the treatment of obesity, we know that businesses are the largest consumers of computer services products.', 'Assuming we know that the claim that appetite suppressants are only a short-term solution for the treatment of obesity is false, we know that if thieves have (part) body substances, then net speed involves the entire context of dot com hiring needs, growth cycles, time to market.', "Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that appetite suppressants are only a short-term solution for the treatment of obesity is false, 'the statement, if thieves have (part) body substances, then net speed involves the entire context of dot com hiring needs, growth cycles, time to market, does not hold' is true."]
|
Assuming appetite suppressants are only a short-term solution for the treatment of obesity, we know that businesses are the largest consumers of computer services products. Assuming we know that the claim that appetite suppressants are only a short-term solution for the treatment of obesity is false, we know that if thieves have (part) body substances, then net speed involves the entire context of dot com hiring needs, growth cycles, time to market. Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that appetite suppressants are only a short-term solution for the treatment of obesity is false, 'the statement, if thieves have (part) body substances, then net speed involves the entire context of dot com hiring needs, growth cycles, time to market, does not hold' is true.
|
Those that suggest businesses are the largest consumers of computer services products are right.
|
Those that suggest businesses are the largest consumers of computer services products are right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (Not [1].), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Businesses are the largest consumers of computer services products.', 1: 'Appetite suppressants are only a short-term solution for the treatment of obesity.', 2: 'Thieves have (part) body substances.', 3: 'Net speed involves the entire context of dot com hiring needs, growth cycles, time to market.'}
| 2 |
1,014 |
['Given that we know that the claim that friction stimulates the genitals and causes the male to ejaculate is false, it can be inferred that it is not true that heat is lost through surface area.', 'Either asterisks are software or some aphids are important vectors of plant diseases.', 'If asterisks are software, then if we know that the claim that friction stimulates the genitals and causes the male to ejaculate is false, then heat is lost through surface area.', 'When some aphids are important vectors of plant diseases is true, it follows that if we know that the claim that friction stimulates the genitals and causes the male to ejaculate is false, then heat is lost through surface area.']
|
Given that we know that the claim that friction stimulates the genitals and causes the male to ejaculate is false, it can be inferred that it is not true that heat is lost through surface area. Either asterisks are software or some aphids are important vectors of plant diseases. If asterisks are software, then if we know that the claim that friction stimulates the genitals and causes the male to ejaculate is false, then heat is lost through surface area. When some aphids are important vectors of plant diseases is true, it follows that if we know that the claim that friction stimulates the genitals and causes the male to ejaculate is false, then heat is lost through surface area.
|
It is true that friction stimulates the genitals and causes the male to ejaculate.
|
Friction occurs when two bodies rub against each other.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Friction stimulates the genitals and causes the male to ejaculate.', 1: 'Heat is lost through surface area.', 2: 'Asterisks are software.', 3: 'Some aphids are important vectors of plant diseases.'}
| 2 |
1,077 |
["The statement 'feelings affect thinking and learning' is true.", 'Provided that shingles cause a painful skin rash and sometimes chronic pain, we know that if feelings affect thinking and learning, then corrections is a cheap way of dealing with offenders.', 'The claim that shingles cause a painful skin rash and sometimes chronic pain holds true.']
|
The statement 'feelings affect thinking and learning' is true. Provided that shingles cause a painful skin rash and sometimes chronic pain, we know that if feelings affect thinking and learning, then corrections is a cheap way of dealing with offenders. The claim that shingles cause a painful skin rash and sometimes chronic pain holds true.
|
Those that suggest corrections is a cheap way of dealing with offenders are right.
|
Corrections are drops.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
[2]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Corrections is a cheap way of dealing with offenders.', 1: 'Feelings affect thinking and learning.', 2: 'Shingles cause a painful skin rash and sometimes chronic pain.'}
| 2 |
1,031 |
['We know that either vestibules are small enclosed, areas located at a doorway that serve many purposes or some aircraft noise is weather related.', "Once we know vestibules are small enclosed, areas located at a doorway that serve many purposes, we also know that the statement that 'if physiognomy is divination by the face, then most snails eat vegetables' is incorrect.", "Either most raccoons catch food or if some aircraft noise is weather related, then the statement that 'if physiognomy is divination by the face, then most snails eat vegetables' is incorrect.", 'The statement that states most raccoons catch food is false.']
|
We know that either vestibules are small enclosed, areas located at a doorway that serve many purposes or some aircraft noise is weather related. Once we know vestibules are small enclosed, areas located at a doorway that serve many purposes, we also know that the statement that 'if physiognomy is divination by the face, then most snails eat vegetables' is incorrect. Either most raccoons catch food or if some aircraft noise is weather related, then the statement that 'if physiognomy is divination by the face, then most snails eat vegetables' is incorrect. The statement that states most raccoons catch food is false.
|
The statement that 'if physiognomy is divination by the face, then most snails eat vegetables' is incorrect.
|
Those that suggest physiognomies become like gypsum, wax or ivory are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Physiognomy is divination by the face.', 1: 'Most snails eat vegetables.', 2: 'Vestibules are small enclosed, areas located at a doorway that serve many purposes.', 3: 'Some aircraft noise is weather related.', 4: 'Most raccoons catch food.'}
| 2 |
1,481 |
["Whenever it is true that a sex organ is an organ, 'phototropism is tropism' is true.", 'At least one of two things is true: carbon is the major nutrient cycled within wetlands, or specialized cells can concentrate heavy metals, which are then deposited in the tunic.', "Whenever it is true that carbon is the major nutrient cycled within wetlands, 'a sex organ is an organ' is true.", 'Given that specialized cells can concentrate heavy metals, which are then deposited in the tunic, it can be inferred that a sex organ is an organ.']
|
Whenever it is true that a sex organ is an organ, 'phototropism is tropism' is true. At least one of two things is true: carbon is the major nutrient cycled within wetlands, or specialized cells can concentrate heavy metals, which are then deposited in the tunic. Whenever it is true that carbon is the major nutrient cycled within wetlands, 'a sex organ is an organ' is true. Given that specialized cells can concentrate heavy metals, which are then deposited in the tunic, it can be inferred that a sex organ is an organ.
|
phototropism is tropism.
|
The notion that 'phototropism is tropism' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Phototropism is tropism.', 1: 'A sex organ is an organ.', 2: 'Carbon is the major nutrient cycled within wetlands.', 3: 'Specialized cells can concentrate heavy metals, which are then deposited in the tunic.'}
| 2 |
1,310 |
["We know that at least one of two things is true: some snakes are located on regions, or the statement 'plants range from dwarfs to mature specimens' can be considered false.", 'If some snakes are located on regions, then most dolphins have year lifespans.', 'The claim that most dolphins have year lifespans does not reflect reality.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: some snakes are located on regions, or the statement 'plants range from dwarfs to mature specimens' can be considered false. If some snakes are located on regions, then most dolphins have year lifespans. The claim that most dolphins have year lifespans does not reflect reality.
|
The statement 'plants range from dwarfs to mature specimens' can be considered false.
|
The statement that states plants range from dwarfs to mature specimens is right.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Plants range from dwarfs to mature specimens.', 1: 'Some snakes are located on regions.', 2: 'Most dolphins have year lifespans.'}
| 2 |
1,311 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that severe infection causes symptoms.', 'Assuming we know that the claim that anthro voice is minority wake-up call to listen to locals who don t want to be colonized is false, we know that characteristics contribute to differences.', 'If characteristics contribute to differences, then severe infection causes symptoms.']
|
Some people mistakenly believe that severe infection causes symptoms. Assuming we know that the claim that anthro voice is minority wake-up call to listen to locals who don t want to be colonized is false, we know that characteristics contribute to differences. If characteristics contribute to differences, then severe infection causes symptoms.
|
The statement that states anthro voice is minority wake-up call to listen to locals who don t want to be colonized is right.
|
Transactional law is the polar opposite of litigation.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Anthro voice is minority wake-up call to listen to locals who don t want to be colonized.', 1: 'Severe infection causes symptoms.', 2: 'Characteristics contribute to differences.'}
| 2 |
1,883 |
['It is rational to believe that either hair loss is rare with mitomycin or swing is one of the greatest, funnest types of music ever invented.', "Whenever it is true that hair loss is rare with mitomycin, 'if laminators are skilled workers, then black bears are the most widely found and most numerous kind of bear in North America' is true.", 'Assuming it is not true that if swing is one of the greatest, funnest types of music ever invented, then if laminators are skilled workers, then black bears are the most widely found and most numerous kind of bear in North America, we know that tarsiers have (part) pedal extremities.', 'The statement, tarsiers have (part) pedal extremities, does not hold.']
|
It is rational to believe that either hair loss is rare with mitomycin or swing is one of the greatest, funnest types of music ever invented. Whenever it is true that hair loss is rare with mitomycin, 'if laminators are skilled workers, then black bears are the most widely found and most numerous kind of bear in North America' is true. Assuming it is not true that if swing is one of the greatest, funnest types of music ever invented, then if laminators are skilled workers, then black bears are the most widely found and most numerous kind of bear in North America, we know that tarsiers have (part) pedal extremities. The statement, tarsiers have (part) pedal extremities, does not hold.
|
If laminators are skilled workers, then black bears are the most widely found and most numerous kind of bear in North America.
|
If laminators are skilled workers, then black bears are the most widely found and most numerous kind of bear in North America.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Laminators are skilled workers.', 1: 'Black bears are the most widely found and most numerous kind of bear in North America.', 2: 'Hair loss is rare with mitomycin.', 3: 'Swing is one of the greatest, funnest types of music ever invented.', 4: 'Tarsiers have (part) pedal extremities.'}
| 2 |
1,788 |
['At least one of two things is true: software piracy is rampant in India, or elephants are charismatic creatures.', 'When software piracy is rampant in India is true, it follows that fuel cells can also supply heat and electricity for homes and buildings.', 'Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if elephants are charismatic creatures, then fuel cells can also supply heat and electricity for homes and buildings, it follows that dikes now protect wetlands from erosion, control the water levels, and stabilize the vegetation.', 'On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that if elephants are charismatic creatures, then fuel cells can also supply heat and electricity for homes and buildings, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that dikes now protect wetlands from erosion, control the water levels, and stabilize the vegetation is false.']
|
At least one of two things is true: software piracy is rampant in India, or elephants are charismatic creatures. When software piracy is rampant in India is true, it follows that fuel cells can also supply heat and electricity for homes and buildings. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that if elephants are charismatic creatures, then fuel cells can also supply heat and electricity for homes and buildings, it follows that dikes now protect wetlands from erosion, control the water levels, and stabilize the vegetation. On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that if elephants are charismatic creatures, then fuel cells can also supply heat and electricity for homes and buildings, it is definitely the case that we know that the claim that dikes now protect wetlands from erosion, control the water levels, and stabilize the vegetation is false.
|
The claim that fuel cells can also supply heat and electricity for homes and buildings holds true.
|
Fuel cells represent the largest part of the electrically-driven sector.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Fuel cells can also supply heat and electricity for homes and buildings.', 1: 'Software piracy is rampant in India.', 2: 'Elephants are charismatic creatures.', 3: 'Dikes now protect wetlands from erosion, control the water levels, and stabilize the vegetation.'}
| 2 |
1,045 |
['When some salamanders survive in environments is true, it follows that seat belts are a first defense against traffic injuries and fatalities.', 'Given that if some salamanders survive in environments, then seat belts are a first defense against traffic injuries and fatalities, it can be inferred that some polystyrene has insulation properties.', 'One may reasonably assume that if some polystyrene has insulation properties, then results have particular importance.']
|
When some salamanders survive in environments is true, it follows that seat belts are a first defense against traffic injuries and fatalities. Given that if some salamanders survive in environments, then seat belts are a first defense against traffic injuries and fatalities, it can be inferred that some polystyrene has insulation properties. One may reasonably assume that if some polystyrene has insulation properties, then results have particular importance.
|
results have particular importance.
|
Results have particular importance.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [2].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [3].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Results have particular importance.', 1: 'Some salamanders survive in environments.', 2: 'Seat belts are a first defense against traffic injuries and fatalities.', 3: 'Some polystyrene has insulation properties.'}
| 2 |
1,103 |
["The statement that 'elements vary in the saturating power of their atoms' is incorrect.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: if acupuncture is one of the safest therapies available, if performed by a competent acupuncturist, then cell growth results in development, or animals damage crops.', 'Should it be the case that if acupuncture is one of the safest therapies available, if performed by a competent acupuncturist, then cell growth results in development, it follows that if acid deposition threatens forests as a result of soil acidification, then elements vary in the saturating power of their atoms.', 'Assuming animals damage crops, we know that if acid deposition threatens forests as a result of soil acidification, then elements vary in the saturating power of their atoms.']
|
The statement that 'elements vary in the saturating power of their atoms' is incorrect. Either one or both of these statements are true: if acupuncture is one of the safest therapies available, if performed by a competent acupuncturist, then cell growth results in development, or animals damage crops. Should it be the case that if acupuncture is one of the safest therapies available, if performed by a competent acupuncturist, then cell growth results in development, it follows that if acid deposition threatens forests as a result of soil acidification, then elements vary in the saturating power of their atoms. Assuming animals damage crops, we know that if acid deposition threatens forests as a result of soil acidification, then elements vary in the saturating power of their atoms.
|
The claim that acid deposition threatens forests as a result of soil acidification has no merit.
|
It is the case that acid deposition threatens forests as a result of soil acidification.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [0], then [1].).
If [4], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Acid deposition threatens forests as a result of soil acidification.', 1: 'Elements vary in the saturating power of their atoms.', 2: 'Acupuncture is one of the safest therapies available, if performed by a competent acupuncturist.', 3: 'Cell growth results in development.', 4: 'Animals damage crops.'}
| 2 |
1,760 |
['The claim that narrators describe realm is false.', 'Should it be the case that pharmacies try to help people everyday, it follows that either narrators describe realm or if group chats are virtual rooms filled with people hosting various discussions at the same time, then pattern baldness is largely hereditary, and while it has several treatments, there is no cure.', 'It is true that pharmacies try to help people everyday.']
|
The claim that narrators describe realm is false. Should it be the case that pharmacies try to help people everyday, it follows that either narrators describe realm or if group chats are virtual rooms filled with people hosting various discussions at the same time, then pattern baldness is largely hereditary, and while it has several treatments, there is no cure. It is true that pharmacies try to help people everyday.
|
Should it be the case that group chats are virtual rooms filled with people hosting various discussions at the same time, it follows that pattern baldness is largely hereditary, and while it has several treatments, there is no cure.
|
Should it be the case that group chats are virtual rooms filled with people hosting various discussions at the same time, it follows that pattern baldness is largely hereditary, and while it has several treatments, there is no cure.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).
[3]
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Group chats are virtual rooms filled with people hosting various discussions at the same time.', 1: 'Pattern baldness is largely hereditary, and while it has several treatments, there is no cure.', 2: 'Narrators describe realm.', 3: 'Pharmacies try to help people everyday.'}
| 2 |
1,001 |
['Given that search engines are websites that provide a means of searching the Internet for a particular subject, it can be inferred that glass is disguises.', 'Either appendages are adapted for pierc- ing and sucking in parasitic copepods and isopods or search engines are websites that provide a means of searching the Internet for a particular subject.', 'The statement that states appendages are adapted for pierc- ing and sucking in parasitic copepods and isopods is false.']
|
Given that search engines are websites that provide a means of searching the Internet for a particular subject, it can be inferred that glass is disguises. Either appendages are adapted for pierc- ing and sucking in parasitic copepods and isopods or search engines are websites that provide a means of searching the Internet for a particular subject. The statement that states appendages are adapted for pierc- ing and sucking in parasitic copepods and isopods is false.
|
The statement 'glass is disguises' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'glass is disguises' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Glass is disguises.', 1: 'Search engines are websites that provide a means of searching the Internet for a particular subject.', 2: 'Appendages are adapted for pierc- ing and sucking in parasitic copepods and isopods.'}
| 2 |
1,823 |
["Whenever it is true that legal immigrants work hard, pay their taxes, and serve America, 'diatoms are ubiquitous and occur in abundance in both fresh and marine environments' is true.", 'Provided that spores are the units of asexual reproduction, because a single spore develops into a new organism, we know that turtles pull their heads and feet into their shells to protect themselves.', 'On the condition that it is not the case that either legal immigrants work hard, pay their taxes, and serve America or spores are the units of asexual reproduction, because a single spore develops into a new organism, it is definitely the case that bone starts to replace cartilage.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that bone starts to replace cartilage.']
|
Whenever it is true that legal immigrants work hard, pay their taxes, and serve America, 'diatoms are ubiquitous and occur in abundance in both fresh and marine environments' is true. Provided that spores are the units of asexual reproduction, because a single spore develops into a new organism, we know that turtles pull their heads and feet into their shells to protect themselves. On the condition that it is not the case that either legal immigrants work hard, pay their taxes, and serve America or spores are the units of asexual reproduction, because a single spore develops into a new organism, it is definitely the case that bone starts to replace cartilage. Some people mistakenly believe that bone starts to replace cartilage.
|
It is a fact that either diatoms are ubiquitous and occur in abundance in both fresh and marine environments or turtles pull their heads and feet into their shells to protect themselves.
|
It is rational to believe that either some diatoms produce substances or turtles often catch midday rays by basking on a rock or log.
|
Uncertain
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [0].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Diatoms are ubiquitous and occur in abundance in both fresh and marine environments.', 1: 'Turtles pull their heads and feet into their shells to protect themselves.', 2: 'Legal immigrants work hard, pay their taxes, and serve America.', 3: 'Spores are the units of asexual reproduction, because a single spore develops into a new organism.', 4: 'Bone starts to replace cartilage.'}
| 2 |
1,710 |
["Whenever it is true that either chamomile flowers are the most popular for steam facials or sweet Cherries are very tall growers and are inclined to develop weak crotches, 'depression can appear in many ways' is true.", 'If heat stroke is a life-threatening condition, then depression can appear in many ways.', 'Should it be the case that heat is used for cooking, it follows that either either chamomile flowers are the most popular for steam facials or sweet Cherries are very tall growers and are inclined to develop weak crotches or heat stroke is a life-threatening condition.', 'The claim that heat is used for cooking is true.']
|
Whenever it is true that either chamomile flowers are the most popular for steam facials or sweet Cherries are very tall growers and are inclined to develop weak crotches, 'depression can appear in many ways' is true. If heat stroke is a life-threatening condition, then depression can appear in many ways. Should it be the case that heat is used for cooking, it follows that either either chamomile flowers are the most popular for steam facials or sweet Cherries are very tall growers and are inclined to develop weak crotches or heat stroke is a life-threatening condition. The claim that heat is used for cooking is true.
|
The claim that depression can appear in many ways holds true.
|
The claim that depression can appear in many ways holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].).
[4]
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3]..
|
{0: 'Depression can appear in many ways.', 1: 'Chamomile flowers are the most popular for steam facials.', 2: 'Sweet Cherries are very tall growers and are inclined to develop weak crotches.', 3: 'Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition.', 4: 'Heat is used for cooking.'}
| 2 |
1,614 |
["On the condition that it is a common misconception that china is the world's third largest oil consumer after the United States and Japan, it is definitely the case that video poker is basically the same as draw poker, but is in the form of a slot machine.", 'One may reasonably assume that if video poker is basically the same as draw poker, but is in the form of a slot machine, then insufficient iron can cause a zinc deficiency.', 'When video poker is basically the same as draw poker, but is in the form of a slot machine is true, it follows that it is not true that insufficient iron can cause a zinc deficiency.']
|
On the condition that it is a common misconception that china is the world's third largest oil consumer after the United States and Japan, it is definitely the case that video poker is basically the same as draw poker, but is in the form of a slot machine. One may reasonably assume that if video poker is basically the same as draw poker, but is in the form of a slot machine, then insufficient iron can cause a zinc deficiency. When video poker is basically the same as draw poker, but is in the form of a slot machine is true, it follows that it is not true that insufficient iron can cause a zinc deficiency.
|
The statement 'china is the world's third largest oil consumer after the United States and Japan' can be considered true.
|
China burns more coal than any other country in the world.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: "China is the world's third largest oil consumer after the United States and Japan.", 1: 'Video poker is basically the same as draw poker, but is in the form of a slot machine.', 2: 'Insufficient iron can cause a zinc deficiency.'}
| 2 |
1,790 |
['Those that suggest if cataracts are diseases, then women develop menstrual irregularities, even amenorrhea are wrong.', 'There is good reason to believe that either either nicotine constricts the arteries in the extremities or most sloths eat plants or guanacos have heads.', 'On the condition that either nicotine constricts the arteries in the extremities or most sloths eat plants, it is definitely the case that either if cataracts are diseases, then women develop menstrual irregularities, even amenorrhea or rain checks are promise.', 'If guanacos have heads, then either if cataracts are diseases, then women develop menstrual irregularities, even amenorrhea or rain checks are promise.']
|
Those that suggest if cataracts are diseases, then women develop menstrual irregularities, even amenorrhea are wrong. There is good reason to believe that either either nicotine constricts the arteries in the extremities or most sloths eat plants or guanacos have heads. On the condition that either nicotine constricts the arteries in the extremities or most sloths eat plants, it is definitely the case that either if cataracts are diseases, then women develop menstrual irregularities, even amenorrhea or rain checks are promise. If guanacos have heads, then either if cataracts are diseases, then women develop menstrual irregularities, even amenorrhea or rain checks are promise.
|
rain checks are promise.
|
The claim that rain checks are promise does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).
If [5], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]..
|
{0: 'Rain checks are promise.', 1: 'Cataracts are diseases.', 2: 'Women develop menstrual irregularities, even amenorrhea.', 3: 'Nicotine constricts the arteries in the extremities.', 4: 'Most sloths eat plants.', 5: 'Guanacos have heads.'}
| 2 |
1,408 |
["Provided that we know that the claim that plants represent the first trophic level is false, we know that the statement 'raglans have (part) hems' can be considered false.", 'Given that we know that the claim that plants represent the first trophic level is false, it can be inferred that bones swell up with dampness and the cold.', 'One may reasonably assume that if bones swell up with dampness and the cold, then raglans have (part) hems.']
|
Provided that we know that the claim that plants represent the first trophic level is false, we know that the statement 'raglans have (part) hems' can be considered false. Given that we know that the claim that plants represent the first trophic level is false, it can be inferred that bones swell up with dampness and the cold. One may reasonably assume that if bones swell up with dampness and the cold, then raglans have (part) hems.
|
The statement 'plants represent the first trophic level' is true.
|
The statement 'plants represent the first trophic level' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Plants represent the first trophic level.', 1: 'Raglans have (part) hems.', 2: 'Bones swell up with dampness and the cold.'}
| 2 |
1,736 |
["The notion that 'chemotherapy causes side effects' is untrue.", 'We know that either chloride is a greenish gas that irritates the bronchi or if it is not true that most birds eat blackberries, then chemotherapy causes side effects.', 'The statement that states chloride is a greenish gas that irritates the bronchi is false.']
|
The notion that 'chemotherapy causes side effects' is untrue. We know that either chloride is a greenish gas that irritates the bronchi or if it is not true that most birds eat blackberries, then chemotherapy causes side effects. The statement that states chloride is a greenish gas that irritates the bronchi is false.
|
It is a simple truth that most birds eat blackberries.
|
The notion that 'most birds eat blackberries' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most birds eat blackberries.', 1: 'Chemotherapy causes side effects.', 2: 'Chloride is a greenish gas that irritates the bronchi.'}
| 2 |
1,957 |
['When if bite wounds require medical attention, then respiration occurs in all cells of all organisms is true, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that goldfishes eat dry food.', 'Should it be the case that blood meals are necessary during each stage of growth, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that goldfishes eat dry food.', 'When the claim that either if bite wounds require medical attention, then respiration occurs in all cells of all organisms or blood meals are necessary during each stage of growth is false is true, it follows that if particle attributes Particle attributes influence the ratio of aeration to water-holding porosity, then some fuel contains energy.', 'Given that the claim that either if bite wounds require medical attention, then respiration occurs in all cells of all organisms or blood meals are necessary during each stage of growth is false, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that if particle attributes Particle attributes influence the ratio of aeration to water-holding porosity, then some fuel contains energy is false.']
|
When if bite wounds require medical attention, then respiration occurs in all cells of all organisms is true, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that goldfishes eat dry food. Should it be the case that blood meals are necessary during each stage of growth, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that goldfishes eat dry food. When the claim that either if bite wounds require medical attention, then respiration occurs in all cells of all organisms or blood meals are necessary during each stage of growth is false is true, it follows that if particle attributes Particle attributes influence the ratio of aeration to water-holding porosity, then some fuel contains energy. Given that the claim that either if bite wounds require medical attention, then respiration occurs in all cells of all organisms or blood meals are necessary during each stage of growth is false, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that if particle attributes Particle attributes influence the ratio of aeration to water-holding porosity, then some fuel contains energy is false.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that goldfishes eat dry food.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that goldfishes eat dry food.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3]. [SC1-1]
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [3], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].).), then (If [4], then [5].).
If (Not (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].).), then (Not (If [4], then [5].).).
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3]..
|
{0: 'Goldfishes eat dry food.', 1: 'Bite wounds require medical attention.', 2: 'Respiration occurs in all cells of all organisms.', 3: 'Blood meals are necessary during each stage of growth.', 4: 'Particle attributes Particle attributes influence the ratio of aeration to water-holding porosity.', 5: 'Some fuel contains energy.'}
| 2 |
1,366 |
["We know that at least one of two things is true: hens generally produce eggs by the dozen over a two-week period, or the notion that 'american mistletoe grows mainly through the southern states on a wide variety of trees' is untrue.", 'Once we know hens generally produce eggs by the dozen over a two-week period, we also know that electricity is the type of energy that is invisible.', 'Once we know hens generally produce eggs by the dozen over a two-week period, we also know that the statement that states electricity is the type of energy that is invisible is false.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: hens generally produce eggs by the dozen over a two-week period, or the notion that 'american mistletoe grows mainly through the southern states on a wide variety of trees' is untrue. Once we know hens generally produce eggs by the dozen over a two-week period, we also know that electricity is the type of energy that is invisible. Once we know hens generally produce eggs by the dozen over a two-week period, we also know that the statement that states electricity is the type of energy that is invisible is false.
|
The notion that 'american mistletoe grows mainly through the southern states on a wide variety of trees' is untrue.
|
The statement, american mistletoes have leaves, does not hold.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'American mistletoe grows mainly through the southern states on a wide variety of trees.', 1: 'Hens generally produce eggs by the dozen over a two-week period.', 2: 'Electricity is the type of energy that is invisible.'}
| 2 |
1,918 |
['Given that pain following walking or running can be the sign of an underlying hip problem, it can be inferred that depression is a major appetite depressant.', "Whenever it is true that the statement 'if pain following walking or running can be the sign of an underlying hip problem, then the notion that 'depression is a major appetite depressant' is untrue' can be considered false, 'all life depends on the natural presence of greenhouse gases' is true.", "Assuming the statement 'if pain following walking or running can be the sign of an underlying hip problem, then the notion that 'depression is a major appetite depressant' is untrue' can be considered false, we know that the notion that 'all life depends on the natural presence of greenhouse gases' is untrue."]
|
Given that pain following walking or running can be the sign of an underlying hip problem, it can be inferred that depression is a major appetite depressant. Whenever it is true that the statement 'if pain following walking or running can be the sign of an underlying hip problem, then the notion that 'depression is a major appetite depressant' is untrue' can be considered false, 'all life depends on the natural presence of greenhouse gases' is true. Assuming the statement 'if pain following walking or running can be the sign of an underlying hip problem, then the notion that 'depression is a major appetite depressant' is untrue' can be considered false, we know that the notion that 'all life depends on the natural presence of greenhouse gases' is untrue.
|
It is not true that pain following walking or running can be the sign of an underlying hip problem.
|
The statement that 'some pain is caused by disorder' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Pain following walking or running can be the sign of an underlying hip problem.', 1: 'Depression is a major appetite depressant.', 2: 'All life depends on the natural presence of greenhouse gases.'}
| 2 |
1,267 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: childhood is a time to grow, to experience, to discover, to know, to be, or anaerobic organisms proliferate.', 'If childhood is a time to grow, to experience, to discover, to know, to be, then cork has (part) sections.', 'If we know that the claim that if anaerobic organisms proliferate, then cork has (part) sections is false, then drugs are of immense benefit to modern society and have enhanced and prolonged life.', 'Provided that we know that the claim that if anaerobic organisms proliferate, then cork has (part) sections is false, we know that we know that the claim that drugs are of immense benefit to modern society and have enhanced and prolonged life is false.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: childhood is a time to grow, to experience, to discover, to know, to be, or anaerobic organisms proliferate. If childhood is a time to grow, to experience, to discover, to know, to be, then cork has (part) sections. If we know that the claim that if anaerobic organisms proliferate, then cork has (part) sections is false, then drugs are of immense benefit to modern society and have enhanced and prolonged life. Provided that we know that the claim that if anaerobic organisms proliferate, then cork has (part) sections is false, we know that we know that the claim that drugs are of immense benefit to modern society and have enhanced and prolonged life is false.
|
It is a simple truth that cork has (part) sections.
|
The notion that 'cork has (part) sections' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Cork has (part) sections.', 1: 'Childhood is a time to grow, to experience, to discover, to know, to be.', 2: 'Anaerobic organisms proliferate.', 3: 'Drugs are of immense benefit to modern society and have enhanced and prolonged life.'}
| 2 |
1,230 |
['When the statement that states government is the antithesis of the Internet is false is true, it follows that whales use echolocation mainly for navigation and hunting.', 'Provided that whales use echolocation mainly for navigation and hunting, we know that if human institutions are human efforts to protect human rights but they are limited instruments, then nursing research is an integral part of the effectiveness of nursing care.', 'The claim that if human institutions are human efforts to protect human rights but they are limited instruments, then nursing research is an integral part of the effectiveness of nursing care does not correspond with reality.']
|
When the statement that states government is the antithesis of the Internet is false is true, it follows that whales use echolocation mainly for navigation and hunting. Provided that whales use echolocation mainly for navigation and hunting, we know that if human institutions are human efforts to protect human rights but they are limited instruments, then nursing research is an integral part of the effectiveness of nursing care. The claim that if human institutions are human efforts to protect human rights but they are limited instruments, then nursing research is an integral part of the effectiveness of nursing care does not correspond with reality.
|
It is fair to say that government is the antithesis of the Internet.
|
It is fair to say that government is the antithesis of the Internet.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Government is the antithesis of the Internet.', 1: 'Whales use echolocation mainly for navigation and hunting.', 2: 'Human institutions are human efforts to protect human rights but they are limited instruments.', 3: 'Nursing research is an integral part of the effectiveness of nursing care.'}
| 2 |
1,996 |
['Should it be the case that if plant bugs frequently cause spotting on leaves, or the death and loss of buds, then plums are positions, it follows that nymphs are pale green in colour.', "Should it be the case that the statement that 'if plant bugs frequently cause spotting on leaves, or the death and loss of buds, then plums are positions' is incorrect, it follows that evaporation is much slower after chlordane penetrates into the soil.", 'It is a common misconception that evaporation is much slower after chlordane penetrates into the soil.']
|
Should it be the case that if plant bugs frequently cause spotting on leaves, or the death and loss of buds, then plums are positions, it follows that nymphs are pale green in colour. Should it be the case that the statement that 'if plant bugs frequently cause spotting on leaves, or the death and loss of buds, then plums are positions' is incorrect, it follows that evaporation is much slower after chlordane penetrates into the soil. It is a common misconception that evaporation is much slower after chlordane penetrates into the soil.
|
The idea that nymphs are pale green in colour is true.
|
The notion that 'nymphs are pale green in colour' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [1], then [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Nymphs are pale green in colour.', 1: 'Plant bugs frequently cause spotting on leaves, or the death and loss of buds.', 2: 'Plums are positions.', 3: 'Evaporation is much slower after chlordane penetrates into the soil.'}
| 2 |
1,635 |
['Should it be the case that the claim that a revolver is a pistol does not reflect reality, it follows that if most pressure causes surface wind, then bears enter into hibernation.', 'If if most pressure causes surface wind, then bears enter into hibernation, then beet armyworm is regarded as a generalist herbivore.', 'Given that if most pressure causes surface wind, then bears enter into hibernation, it can be inferred that the claim that beet armyworm is regarded as a generalist herbivore is false.']
|
Should it be the case that the claim that a revolver is a pistol does not reflect reality, it follows that if most pressure causes surface wind, then bears enter into hibernation. If if most pressure causes surface wind, then bears enter into hibernation, then beet armyworm is regarded as a generalist herbivore. Given that if most pressure causes surface wind, then bears enter into hibernation, it can be inferred that the claim that beet armyworm is regarded as a generalist herbivore is false.
|
It is the case that a revolver is a pistol.
|
It is the case that a revolver is a pistol.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'A revolver is a pistol.', 1: 'Most pressure causes surface wind.', 2: 'Bears enter into hibernation.', 3: 'Beet armyworm is regarded as a generalist herbivore.'}
| 2 |
1,698 |
["We know that either men often dominate decision-making and so can seriously harm or help women's reproductive health or the statement that states gruel is soup is false.", "It is a fact that either physical fitness is a desired trait for all federal government employees or it is not the case that men often dominate decision-making and so can seriously harm or help women's reproductive health.", "The statement 'physical fitness is a desired trait for all federal government employees' can be considered false."]
|
We know that either men often dominate decision-making and so can seriously harm or help women's reproductive health or the statement that states gruel is soup is false. It is a fact that either physical fitness is a desired trait for all federal government employees or it is not the case that men often dominate decision-making and so can seriously harm or help women's reproductive health. The statement 'physical fitness is a desired trait for all federal government employees' can be considered false.
|
The statement that states gruel is soup is false.
|
The statement that states gruel is soup is false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Gruel is soup.', 1: "Men often dominate decision-making and so can seriously harm or help women's reproductive health.", 2: 'Physical fitness is a desired trait for all federal government employees.'}
| 2 |
1,251 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: bands have trumpets, or christians eat pigs.', 'It is a fact that either if a tuberous begonia is a begonia, then insects are the primary vectors or tradition is a story, belief, custom, or the like that is handed down from generation to generation.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if a tuberous begonia is a begonia, then insects are the primary vectors, then it is not the case that bands have trumpets.', 'Provided that tradition is a story, belief, custom, or the like that is handed down from generation to generation, we know that it is not the case that bands have trumpets.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: bands have trumpets, or christians eat pigs. It is a fact that either if a tuberous begonia is a begonia, then insects are the primary vectors or tradition is a story, belief, custom, or the like that is handed down from generation to generation. One may reasonably assume that if if a tuberous begonia is a begonia, then insects are the primary vectors, then it is not the case that bands have trumpets. Provided that tradition is a story, belief, custom, or the like that is handed down from generation to generation, we know that it is not the case that bands have trumpets.
|
It is true that christians eat pigs.
|
It is true that christians eat pigs.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [1].).
If [4], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Christians eat pigs.', 1: 'Bands have trumpets.', 2: 'A tuberous begonia is a begonia.', 3: 'Insects are the primary vectors.', 4: 'Tradition is a story, belief, custom, or the like that is handed down from generation to generation.'}
| 2 |
1,783 |
['Given that the statement, viral hepatitis leads to liver damage, does not hold, it can be inferred that atheists lag behind blacks and gays in terms of political appeal at the ballot box.', 'There is good reason to believe that either material substance is drawn into the Sun, light is thrown out from the Sun or if the statement, viral hepatitis leads to liver damage, does not hold, then the claim that atheists lag behind blacks and gays in terms of political appeal at the ballot box does not correspond with reality.', "The statement that 'material substance is drawn into the Sun, light is thrown out from the Sun' is incorrect."]
|
Given that the statement, viral hepatitis leads to liver damage, does not hold, it can be inferred that atheists lag behind blacks and gays in terms of political appeal at the ballot box. There is good reason to believe that either material substance is drawn into the Sun, light is thrown out from the Sun or if the statement, viral hepatitis leads to liver damage, does not hold, then the claim that atheists lag behind blacks and gays in terms of political appeal at the ballot box does not correspond with reality. The statement that 'material substance is drawn into the Sun, light is thrown out from the Sun' is incorrect.
|
Many people rightly believe that viral hepatitis leads to liver damage.
|
Viral hepatitis leads to major damage.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Viral hepatitis leads to liver damage.', 1: 'Atheists lag behind blacks and gays in terms of political appeal at the ballot box.', 2: 'Material substance is drawn into the Sun, light is thrown out from the Sun.'}
| 2 |
1,819 |
['Given that all cells have an electrical membrane potential or voltage across their plasma membranes, it can be inferred that either fungi are organisms that have cell walls that contain chitin or incentives play a key role in the functioning of a society.', "So long as either chinchillas become sexually mature when they are around eight months old or corporate networks tend to consist of two to three hundred computers per site, 'either fungi are organisms that have cell walls that contain chitin or incentives play a key role in the functioning of a society' is true.", 'We know that either paintbrush isa device or vines grow on trees.', 'Should it be the case that paintbrush isa device, it follows that either all cells have an electrical membrane potential or voltage across their plasma membranes or either chinchillas become sexually mature when they are around eight months old or corporate networks tend to consist of two to three hundred computers per site.', "So long as vines grow on trees, 'either all cells have an electrical membrane potential or voltage across their plasma membranes or either chinchillas become sexually mature when they are around eight months old or corporate networks tend to consist of two to three hundred computers per site' is true."]
|
Given that all cells have an electrical membrane potential or voltage across their plasma membranes, it can be inferred that either fungi are organisms that have cell walls that contain chitin or incentives play a key role in the functioning of a society. So long as either chinchillas become sexually mature when they are around eight months old or corporate networks tend to consist of two to three hundred computers per site, 'either fungi are organisms that have cell walls that contain chitin or incentives play a key role in the functioning of a society' is true. We know that either paintbrush isa device or vines grow on trees. Should it be the case that paintbrush isa device, it follows that either all cells have an electrical membrane potential or voltage across their plasma membranes or either chinchillas become sexually mature when they are around eight months old or corporate networks tend to consist of two to three hundred computers per site. So long as vines grow on trees, 'either all cells have an electrical membrane potential or voltage across their plasma membranes or either chinchillas become sexually mature when they are around eight months old or corporate networks tend to consist of two to three hundred computers per site' is true.
|
We know that either fungi are organisms that have cell walls that contain chitin or incentives play a key role in the functioning of a society.
|
We know that either funguses are located in tree stumps or incentive is the perceived value of a outcome, such as improved health status or approval of others.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).
If [6], then (Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [3] or [4].)..
|
{0: 'Fungi are organisms that have cell walls that contain chitin.', 1: 'Incentives play a key role in the functioning of a society.', 2: 'All cells have an electrical membrane potential or voltage across their plasma membranes.', 3: 'Chinchillas become sexually mature when they are around eight months old.', 4: 'Corporate networks tend to consist of two to three hundred computers per site.', 5: 'Paintbrush isa device.', 6: 'Vines grow on trees.'}
| 2 |
1,141 |
['On the condition that it is not true that martins are gregarious in nature and prefer to nest in groups, it is definitely the case that information helps other family members.', 'Once we know music also plays an important part in Cuban culture, we also know that the claim that information helps other family members does not reflect reality.', 'music also plays an important part in Cuban culture.']
|
On the condition that it is not true that martins are gregarious in nature and prefer to nest in groups, it is definitely the case that information helps other family members. Once we know music also plays an important part in Cuban culture, we also know that the claim that information helps other family members does not reflect reality. music also plays an important part in Cuban culture.
|
It is reasonable to believe that martins are gregarious in nature and prefer to nest in groups.
|
It is reasonable to believe that martins are gregarious in nature and prefer to nest in groups.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Martins are gregarious in nature and prefer to nest in groups.', 1: 'Information helps other family members.', 2: 'Music also plays an important part in Cuban culture.'}
| 2 |
1,316 |
["The notion that 'every person has a spirit, regardless of their spiritual condition a' is untrue.", "So long as the notion that 'if it is not true that cakes are located in stores, then every person has a spirit, regardless of their spiritual condition a' is untrue, 'true wisdom is natural and supernatural' is true.", "So long as the notion that 'if it is not true that cakes are located in stores, then every person has a spirit, regardless of their spiritual condition a' is untrue, 'the claim that true wisdom is natural and supernatural does not correspond with reality' is true."]
|
The notion that 'every person has a spirit, regardless of their spiritual condition a' is untrue. So long as the notion that 'if it is not true that cakes are located in stores, then every person has a spirit, regardless of their spiritual condition a' is untrue, 'true wisdom is natural and supernatural' is true. So long as the notion that 'if it is not true that cakes are located in stores, then every person has a spirit, regardless of their spiritual condition a' is untrue, 'the claim that true wisdom is natural and supernatural does not correspond with reality' is true.
|
The claim that cakes are located in stores holds true.
|
The claim that cakes are located in stores is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Cakes are located in stores.', 1: 'Every person has a spirit, regardless of their spiritual condition a.', 2: 'True wisdom is natural and supernatural.'}
| 2 |
1,587 |
['The claim that babies have an innate ability to begin nursing immediately after they are born is false.', 'Provided that it is not the case that if the statement that states rear overturns occur when other forces move the center of gravity back over the rear axle is false, then babies have an innate ability to begin nursing immediately after they are born, we know that many species are critically endangered.', 'Once we know it is not the case that if the statement that states rear overturns occur when other forces move the center of gravity back over the rear axle is false, then babies have an innate ability to begin nursing immediately after they are born, we also know that it is not the case that many species are critically endangered.']
|
The claim that babies have an innate ability to begin nursing immediately after they are born is false. Provided that it is not the case that if the statement that states rear overturns occur when other forces move the center of gravity back over the rear axle is false, then babies have an innate ability to begin nursing immediately after they are born, we know that many species are critically endangered. Once we know it is not the case that if the statement that states rear overturns occur when other forces move the center of gravity back over the rear axle is false, then babies have an innate ability to begin nursing immediately after they are born, we also know that it is not the case that many species are critically endangered.
|
It is reasonable to believe that rear overturns occur when other forces move the center of gravity back over the rear axle.
|
It is reasonable to believe that rear overturns occur when other forces move the center of gravity back over the rear axle.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Rear overturns occur when other forces move the center of gravity back over the rear axle.', 1: 'Babies have an innate ability to begin nursing immediately after they are born.', 2: 'Many species are critically endangered.'}
| 2 |
1,331 |
['The statement, potential energy is energy that is stored in an object, a rubber band for example, does not hold.', 'Given that many species are small in size and they have very rapid growth and short life cycles, it can be inferred that either potential energy is energy that is stored in an object, a rubber band for example or gas gangrene is a slough.', "The statement 'many species are small in size and they have very rapid growth and short life cycles' is true."]
|
The statement, potential energy is energy that is stored in an object, a rubber band for example, does not hold. Given that many species are small in size and they have very rapid growth and short life cycles, it can be inferred that either potential energy is energy that is stored in an object, a rubber band for example or gas gangrene is a slough. The statement 'many species are small in size and they have very rapid growth and short life cycles' is true.
|
It is true that gas gangrene is a slough.
|
Gas gangrene is an infectious disease emergency.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Gas gangrene is a slough.', 1: 'Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object, a rubber band for example.', 2: 'Many species are small in size and they have very rapid growth and short life cycles.'}
| 2 |
1,295 |
['Assuming the claim that free radicals are toxic compounds that have lost a negatively charged electron has no merit, we know that the statement that states doors are solids is false.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: sunlight is pure energy, or if the claim that free radicals are toxic compounds that have lost a negatively charged electron has no merit, then doors are solids.', 'It is not the case that sunlight is pure energy.']
|
Assuming the claim that free radicals are toxic compounds that have lost a negatively charged electron has no merit, we know that the statement that states doors are solids is false. We know that at least one of two things is true: sunlight is pure energy, or if the claim that free radicals are toxic compounds that have lost a negatively charged electron has no merit, then doors are solids. It is not the case that sunlight is pure energy.
|
The statement that states free radicals are toxic compounds that have lost a negatively charged electron is right.
|
The statement that states free radicals are toxic compounds that have lost a negatively charged electron is right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Free radicals are toxic compounds that have lost a negatively charged electron.', 1: 'Doors are solids.', 2: 'Sunlight is pure energy.'}
| 2 |
1,262 |
["When the notion that 'phoenix is an agricultural, industrial and service center' is untrue is true, it follows that it is a common misconception that beans are low in fat, and high in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.", 'Either one or both of these statements are true: ear rabbits require diets, or some ladybugs cause allergic symptoms.', "One may reasonably assume that if ear rabbits require diets, then if the notion that 'phoenix is an agricultural, industrial and service center' is untrue, then beans are low in fat, and high in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.", "Given that some ladybugs cause allergic symptoms, it can be inferred that if the notion that 'phoenix is an agricultural, industrial and service center' is untrue, then beans are low in fat, and high in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals."]
|
When the notion that 'phoenix is an agricultural, industrial and service center' is untrue is true, it follows that it is a common misconception that beans are low in fat, and high in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Either one or both of these statements are true: ear rabbits require diets, or some ladybugs cause allergic symptoms. One may reasonably assume that if ear rabbits require diets, then if the notion that 'phoenix is an agricultural, industrial and service center' is untrue, then beans are low in fat, and high in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. Given that some ladybugs cause allergic symptoms, it can be inferred that if the notion that 'phoenix is an agricultural, industrial and service center' is untrue, then beans are low in fat, and high in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.
|
The statement 'phoenix is an agricultural, industrial and service center' is true.
|
Phoenix is surrounded by desert and mountains.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Phoenix is an agricultural, industrial and service center.', 1: 'Beans are low in fat, and high in protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals.', 2: 'Ear rabbits require diets.', 3: 'Some ladybugs cause allergic symptoms.'}
| 2 |
1,432 |
['Either some vertebrates live in forests or requirements include resources.', "So long as some vertebrates live in forests, 'the statement 'if mastery is the ability of distinction, then most substances react with oxygen' can be considered false' is true.", "We know that either hormones cause a normal rise in blood sugar in all pregnant women or if requirements include resources, then the statement 'if mastery is the ability of distinction, then most substances react with oxygen' can be considered false.", 'Those that suggest hormones cause a normal rise in blood sugar in all pregnant women are wrong.']
|
Either some vertebrates live in forests or requirements include resources. So long as some vertebrates live in forests, 'the statement 'if mastery is the ability of distinction, then most substances react with oxygen' can be considered false' is true. We know that either hormones cause a normal rise in blood sugar in all pregnant women or if requirements include resources, then the statement 'if mastery is the ability of distinction, then most substances react with oxygen' can be considered false. Those that suggest hormones cause a normal rise in blood sugar in all pregnant women are wrong.
|
The statement 'if mastery is the ability of distinction, then most substances react with oxygen' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'mastery means the ability to complete a set of problems accurately within a specified time frame' can be considered false.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Mastery is the ability of distinction.', 1: 'Most substances react with oxygen.', 2: 'Some vertebrates live in forests.', 3: 'Requirements include resources.', 4: 'Hormones cause a normal rise in blood sugar in all pregnant women.'}
| 2 |
1,862 |
['Assuming either violence becomes a normal means of resolving conflict or stress or a dermabrasion is a removal, we know that some people mistakenly believe that stars are very different objects than are planets.', 'Either onions have properties or guinea pigs have several unique biological characteristics.', 'When onions have properties is true, it follows that either violence becomes a normal means of resolving conflict or stress or a dermabrasion is a removal.', 'Provided that guinea pigs have several unique biological characteristics, we know that either violence becomes a normal means of resolving conflict or stress or a dermabrasion is a removal.']
|
Assuming either violence becomes a normal means of resolving conflict or stress or a dermabrasion is a removal, we know that some people mistakenly believe that stars are very different objects than are planets. Either onions have properties or guinea pigs have several unique biological characteristics. When onions have properties is true, it follows that either violence becomes a normal means of resolving conflict or stress or a dermabrasion is a removal. Provided that guinea pigs have several unique biological characteristics, we know that either violence becomes a normal means of resolving conflict or stress or a dermabrasion is a removal.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that stars are very different objects than are planets.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that stars are very different objects than are planets.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [4], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Stars are very different objects than are planets.', 1: 'Violence becomes a normal means of resolving conflict or stress.', 2: 'A dermabrasion is a removal.', 3: 'Onions have properties.', 4: 'Guinea pigs have several unique biological characteristics.'}
| 2 |
1,582 |
['Assuming it is not the case that hygiene is medicine, we know that cardiovascular disease is important, but so is violence.', "On the condition that it is not the case that if it is not the case that hygiene is medicine, then the notion that 'cardiovascular disease is important, but so is violence' is untrue, it is definitely the case that typing cause printed words.", "Should it be the case that it is not the case that if it is not the case that hygiene is medicine, then the notion that 'cardiovascular disease is important, but so is violence' is untrue, it follows that we know that the claim that typing cause printed words is false."]
|
Assuming it is not the case that hygiene is medicine, we know that cardiovascular disease is important, but so is violence. On the condition that it is not the case that if it is not the case that hygiene is medicine, then the notion that 'cardiovascular disease is important, but so is violence' is untrue, it is definitely the case that typing cause printed words. Should it be the case that it is not the case that if it is not the case that hygiene is medicine, then the notion that 'cardiovascular disease is important, but so is violence' is untrue, it follows that we know that the claim that typing cause printed words is false.
|
hygiene is medicine.
|
Hygiene is medicine.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Hygiene is medicine.', 1: 'Cardiovascular disease is important, but so is violence.', 2: 'Typing cause printed words.'}
| 2 |
1,272 |
['Once we know sunspots are regions which are cooler and darker than surrounding material, we also know that nervous systems perform primarily analog computations, and quantize the computed result.', 'If either fields are storage areas for particular kinds of data or robots are ideal for transporting goods around factories, then nervous systems perform primarily analog computations, and quantize the computed result.', "Once we know the statement that 'either sunspots are regions which are cooler and darker than surrounding material or either fields are storage areas for particular kinds of data or robots are ideal for transporting goods around factories' is incorrect, we also know that either wireless phones are already more widespread than desktop computers or blood contains a fluid matrix commonly called plasma.", "The notion that 'either wireless phones are already more widespread than desktop computers or blood contains a fluid matrix commonly called plasma' is untrue."]
|
Once we know sunspots are regions which are cooler and darker than surrounding material, we also know that nervous systems perform primarily analog computations, and quantize the computed result. If either fields are storage areas for particular kinds of data or robots are ideal for transporting goods around factories, then nervous systems perform primarily analog computations, and quantize the computed result. Once we know the statement that 'either sunspots are regions which are cooler and darker than surrounding material or either fields are storage areas for particular kinds of data or robots are ideal for transporting goods around factories' is incorrect, we also know that either wireless phones are already more widespread than desktop computers or blood contains a fluid matrix commonly called plasma. The notion that 'either wireless phones are already more widespread than desktop computers or blood contains a fluid matrix commonly called plasma' is untrue.
|
The statement 'nervous systems perform primarily analog computations, and quantize the computed result' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'nervous systems perform primarily analog computations, and quantize the computed result' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).), then (Either [4] or [5].).
Not (Either [4] or [5].).
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Nervous systems perform primarily analog computations, and quantize the computed result.', 1: 'Sunspots are regions which are cooler and darker than surrounding material.', 2: 'Fields are storage areas for particular kinds of data.', 3: 'Robots are ideal for transporting goods around factories.', 4: 'Wireless phones are already more widespread than desktop computers.', 5: 'Blood contains a fluid matrix commonly called plasma.'}
| 2 |
1,270 |
["So long as pasture is often part of a crop rotation or a permanent use of land too difficult to till, 'the statement that 'plunge pools can remain after the waterfall has ceased to exist or the stream has been diverted' is incorrect' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: many soy cheeses are equivalent to the reduced fat dairy cheeses on the market, or calves make a similar call of a higher pitch when in distress.', 'Once we know many soy cheeses are equivalent to the reduced fat dairy cheeses on the market, we also know that pasture is often part of a crop rotation or a permanent use of land too difficult to till.', 'Provided that calves make a similar call of a higher pitch when in distress, we know that pasture is often part of a crop rotation or a permanent use of land too difficult to till.']
|
So long as pasture is often part of a crop rotation or a permanent use of land too difficult to till, 'the statement that 'plunge pools can remain after the waterfall has ceased to exist or the stream has been diverted' is incorrect' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: many soy cheeses are equivalent to the reduced fat dairy cheeses on the market, or calves make a similar call of a higher pitch when in distress. Once we know many soy cheeses are equivalent to the reduced fat dairy cheeses on the market, we also know that pasture is often part of a crop rotation or a permanent use of land too difficult to till. Provided that calves make a similar call of a higher pitch when in distress, we know that pasture is often part of a crop rotation or a permanent use of land too difficult to till.
|
The statement that 'plunge pools can remain after the waterfall has ceased to exist or the stream has been diverted' is incorrect.
|
The claim that plunge pools can remain after the waterfall has ceased to exist or the stream has been diverted holds true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Plunge pools can remain after the waterfall has ceased to exist or the stream has been diverted.', 1: 'Pasture is often part of a crop rotation or a permanent use of land too difficult to till.', 2: 'Many soy cheeses are equivalent to the reduced fat dairy cheeses on the market.', 3: 'Calves make a similar call of a higher pitch when in distress.'}
| 2 |
1,987 |
['At least one of two things is true: either parent involvement has to do with the special and unique relationship between parent and child or peals are bells, or arterioles are just visible to the naked eye.', 'Should it be the case that arterioles are just visible to the naked eye, it follows that hikings cause tireds.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either parent involvement has to do with the special and unique relationship between parent and child or peals are bells, then school is a place where everyone comes together for learning.', 'Given that school is a place where everyone comes together for learning, it can be inferred that hikings cause tireds.']
|
At least one of two things is true: either parent involvement has to do with the special and unique relationship between parent and child or peals are bells, or arterioles are just visible to the naked eye. Should it be the case that arterioles are just visible to the naked eye, it follows that hikings cause tireds. One may reasonably assume that if either parent involvement has to do with the special and unique relationship between parent and child or peals are bells, then school is a place where everyone comes together for learning. Given that school is a place where everyone comes together for learning, it can be inferred that hikings cause tireds.
|
The statement 'hikings cause tireds' is true.
|
Hikings cause cramp.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [4].
If [4], then [0].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Hikings cause tireds.', 1: 'Parent involvement has to do with the special and unique relationship between parent and child.', 2: 'Peals are bells.', 3: 'Arterioles are just visible to the naked eye.', 4: 'School is a place where everyone comes together for learning.'}
| 2 |
1,319 |
['If illnesses can also affect driving abilities as people age, then if many young couples like to design their own rings, then most trees live in woodlands.', 'At least one of two things is true: bony shells cover with layers, or tints are simply the opposite of shades.', 'Once we know bony shells cover with layers, we also know that the statement, if many young couples like to design their own rings, then most trees live in woodlands, does not hold.', 'On the condition that tints are simply the opposite of shades, it is definitely the case that the statement, if many young couples like to design their own rings, then most trees live in woodlands, does not hold.']
|
If illnesses can also affect driving abilities as people age, then if many young couples like to design their own rings, then most trees live in woodlands. At least one of two things is true: bony shells cover with layers, or tints are simply the opposite of shades. Once we know bony shells cover with layers, we also know that the statement, if many young couples like to design their own rings, then most trees live in woodlands, does not hold. On the condition that tints are simply the opposite of shades, it is definitely the case that the statement, if many young couples like to design their own rings, then most trees live in woodlands, does not hold.
|
The claim that illnesses can also affect driving abilities as people age has no merit.
|
Many people rightly believe that illnesses can also affect driving abilities as people age.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Illnesses can also affect driving abilities as people age.', 1: 'Many young couples like to design their own rings.', 2: 'Most trees live in woodlands.', 3: 'Bony shells cover with layers.', 4: 'Tints are simply the opposite of shades.'}
| 2 |
1,569 |
['Assuming visionary leaders promote and creatively manage change by searching for more ideas and solutions, we know that if birds eat the insects, then most cats deliver kittens.', 'Assuming the claim that visionary leaders promote and creatively manage change by searching for more ideas and solutions does not reflect reality, we know that kinetic energy gains potential energy.', 'If the claim that visionary leaders promote and creatively manage change by searching for more ideas and solutions does not reflect reality, then the statement, kinetic energy gains potential energy, does not hold.']
|
Assuming visionary leaders promote and creatively manage change by searching for more ideas and solutions, we know that if birds eat the insects, then most cats deliver kittens. Assuming the claim that visionary leaders promote and creatively manage change by searching for more ideas and solutions does not reflect reality, we know that kinetic energy gains potential energy. If the claim that visionary leaders promote and creatively manage change by searching for more ideas and solutions does not reflect reality, then the statement, kinetic energy gains potential energy, does not hold.
|
Given that birds eat the insects, it can be inferred that most cats deliver kittens.
|
It is a common misconception that if birds eat the insects, then most cats deliver kittens.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [2].), then [3].
If (Not [2].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Birds eat the insects.', 1: 'Most cats deliver kittens.', 2: 'Visionary leaders promote and creatively manage change by searching for more ideas and solutions.', 3: 'Kinetic energy gains potential energy.'}
| 2 |
1,643 |
["Whenever it is true that substances undergo transitions, 'turtles seek food' is true.", 'Once we know we know that the claim that substances undergo transitions is false, we also know that if pregnancy also influences migraine, then a speller is primer.', 'Those that suggest if pregnancy also influences migraine, then a speller is primer are wrong.']
|
Whenever it is true that substances undergo transitions, 'turtles seek food' is true. Once we know we know that the claim that substances undergo transitions is false, we also know that if pregnancy also influences migraine, then a speller is primer. Those that suggest if pregnancy also influences migraine, then a speller is primer are wrong.
|
The claim that turtles seek food is true.
|
Turtles have very hard scales called plates.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Turtles seek food.', 1: 'Substances undergo transitions.', 2: 'Pregnancy also influences migraine.', 3: 'A speller is primer.'}
| 2 |
1,142 |
['Provided that radiologists closely inspect microcalcifications to help determine their meaning, we know that either most alligators make sound or some flippers have light spots.', 'Once we know government takes active roles, we also know that either most alligators make sound or some flippers have light spots.', 'If milk also contains vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium, then either radiologists closely inspect microcalcifications to help determine their meaning or government takes active roles.', 'The statement that states milk also contains vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium is right.']
|
Provided that radiologists closely inspect microcalcifications to help determine their meaning, we know that either most alligators make sound or some flippers have light spots. Once we know government takes active roles, we also know that either most alligators make sound or some flippers have light spots. If milk also contains vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium, then either radiologists closely inspect microcalcifications to help determine their meaning or government takes active roles. The statement that states milk also contains vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium is right.
|
It is rational to believe that either most alligators make sound or some flippers have light spots.
|
It is rational to believe that either most alligators make sound or some flippers have light spots.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either [2] or [3].).
[4]
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Most alligators make sound.', 1: 'Some flippers have light spots.', 2: 'Radiologists closely inspect microcalcifications to help determine their meaning.', 3: 'Government takes active roles.', 4: 'Milk also contains vitamin D, which helps the body absorb calcium.'}
| 2 |
1,202 |
["Whenever it is true that if coconut palms protect their fruit by surrounding it with multiple layers of armor, then right whales produce a distinctive V-shaped blow, 'the statement that 'plants reproduce by seeds and rhizomes' is incorrect' is true.", 'If trees play a critical role in reducing air pollution in urban environments, then if if coconut palms protect their fruit by surrounding it with multiple layers of armor, then right whales produce a distinctive V-shaped blow, then plants reproduce by seeds and rhizomes.', 'The statement that states trees play a critical role in reducing air pollution in urban environments is right.']
|
Whenever it is true that if coconut palms protect their fruit by surrounding it with multiple layers of armor, then right whales produce a distinctive V-shaped blow, 'the statement that 'plants reproduce by seeds and rhizomes' is incorrect' is true. If trees play a critical role in reducing air pollution in urban environments, then if if coconut palms protect their fruit by surrounding it with multiple layers of armor, then right whales produce a distinctive V-shaped blow, then plants reproduce by seeds and rhizomes. The statement that states trees play a critical role in reducing air pollution in urban environments is right.
|
The statement, if coconut palms protect their fruit by surrounding it with multiple layers of armor, then right whales produce a distinctive V-shaped blow, does not hold.
|
One may reasonably assume that if coconut palms protect their fruit by surrounding it with multiple layers of armor, then right whales produce a distinctive V-shaped blow.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].).
[3]
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Coconut palms protect their fruit by surrounding it with multiple layers of armor.', 1: 'Right whales produce a distinctive V-shaped blow.', 2: 'Plants reproduce by seeds and rhizomes.', 3: 'Trees play a critical role in reducing air pollution in urban environments.'}
| 2 |
1,413 |
['Either calves gain weight or shanghai women do pride themselves for their style.', "Given that the statement 'if either calves gain weight or shanghai women do pride themselves for their style, then a sawmill is a power tool' can be considered false, it can be inferred that many species are threatened or endangered due to loss of habitat or habitat fragmentation.", "The statement 'many species are threatened or endangered due to loss of habitat or habitat fragmentation' can be considered false."]
|
Either calves gain weight or shanghai women do pride themselves for their style. Given that the statement 'if either calves gain weight or shanghai women do pride themselves for their style, then a sawmill is a power tool' can be considered false, it can be inferred that many species are threatened or endangered due to loss of habitat or habitat fragmentation. The statement 'many species are threatened or endangered due to loss of habitat or habitat fragmentation' can be considered false.
|
Many people rightly believe that a sawmill is a power tool.
|
The claim that a sawmill is a power tool does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]. [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'A sawmill is a power tool.', 1: 'Calves gain weight.', 2: 'Shanghai women do pride themselves for their style.', 3: 'Many species are threatened or endangered due to loss of habitat or habitat fragmentation.'}
| 2 |
1,196 |
['Those that suggest salt can also intensify the effects of drought, and vice versa are wrong.', 'There is good reason to believe that either many cultures honor women during their menstrual flow or either salt can also intensify the effects of drought, and vice versa or ammonium sulfate is crystal.', "The statement 'many cultures honor women during their menstrual flow' can be considered false."]
|
Those that suggest salt can also intensify the effects of drought, and vice versa are wrong. There is good reason to believe that either many cultures honor women during their menstrual flow or either salt can also intensify the effects of drought, and vice versa or ammonium sulfate is crystal. The statement 'many cultures honor women during their menstrual flow' can be considered false.
|
Those that suggest ammonium sulfate is crystal are right.
|
The claim that ammonium sulfate is crystal does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Ammonium sulfate is crystal.', 1: 'Salt can also intensify the effects of drought, and vice versa.', 2: 'Many cultures honor women during their menstrual flow.'}
| 2 |
1,264 |
['It is a common misconception that if moon jellyfish are either male or female, then neutrinos also play an important role in astrophysics.', 'When the claim that either if moon jellyfish are either male or female, then neutrinos also play an important role in astrophysics or frozen rain can be ice or snow if conditions permit has no merit is true, it follows that nature works through dualism and that is why medicines and diseases continue to exist together.', 'When the claim that either if moon jellyfish are either male or female, then neutrinos also play an important role in astrophysics or frozen rain can be ice or snow if conditions permit has no merit is true, it follows that the statement that states nature works through dualism and that is why medicines and diseases continue to exist together is false.']
|
It is a common misconception that if moon jellyfish are either male or female, then neutrinos also play an important role in astrophysics. When the claim that either if moon jellyfish are either male or female, then neutrinos also play an important role in astrophysics or frozen rain can be ice or snow if conditions permit has no merit is true, it follows that nature works through dualism and that is why medicines and diseases continue to exist together. When the claim that either if moon jellyfish are either male or female, then neutrinos also play an important role in astrophysics or frozen rain can be ice or snow if conditions permit has no merit is true, it follows that the statement that states nature works through dualism and that is why medicines and diseases continue to exist together is false.
|
The statement that states frozen rain can be ice or snow if conditions permit is right.
|
The claim that frozen rain can be ice or snow if conditions permit is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]..
|
{0: 'Frozen rain can be ice or snow if conditions permit .', 1: 'Moon jellyfish are either male or female.', 2: 'Neutrinos also play an important role in astrophysics.', 3: 'Nature works through dualism and that is why medicines and diseases continue to exist together.'}
| 2 |
1,531 |
['Provided that the statement, genes are the blueprints for body structure and function, does not hold, we know that the claim that a larch is wood has no merit.', 'Should it be the case that proper rest is vital to a good immune system, it follows that if the statement, genes are the blueprints for body structure and function, does not hold, then a larch is wood.', 'The statement that states proper rest is vital to a good immune system is right.']
|
Provided that the statement, genes are the blueprints for body structure and function, does not hold, we know that the claim that a larch is wood has no merit. Should it be the case that proper rest is vital to a good immune system, it follows that if the statement, genes are the blueprints for body structure and function, does not hold, then a larch is wood. The statement that states proper rest is vital to a good immune system is right.
|
The claim that genes are the blueprints for body structure and function is true.
|
The statement 'genes are the blueprints for body structure and function' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Genes are the blueprints for body structure and function.', 1: 'A larch is wood.', 2: 'Proper rest is vital to a good immune system.'}
| 2 |
1,252 |
['The statement, either male tortoises have a long tail and females have a short fat tail or technology means facility with various kinds of technology for learning, does not hold.', 'If the claim that if ooze is flow, then either male tortoises have a long tail and females have a short fat tail or technology means facility with various kinds of technology for learning does not correspond with reality, then most scyphozoans originate from small attached reproductive polyps.', 'Once we know the claim that if ooze is flow, then either male tortoises have a long tail and females have a short fat tail or technology means facility with various kinds of technology for learning does not correspond with reality, we also know that it is not the case that most scyphozoans originate from small attached reproductive polyps.']
|
The statement, either male tortoises have a long tail and females have a short fat tail or technology means facility with various kinds of technology for learning, does not hold. If the claim that if ooze is flow, then either male tortoises have a long tail and females have a short fat tail or technology means facility with various kinds of technology for learning does not correspond with reality, then most scyphozoans originate from small attached reproductive polyps. Once we know the claim that if ooze is flow, then either male tortoises have a long tail and females have a short fat tail or technology means facility with various kinds of technology for learning does not correspond with reality, we also know that it is not the case that most scyphozoans originate from small attached reproductive polyps.
|
The claim that ooze is flow has no merit.
|
The statement 'ooze is flow' can be considered true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3].
If (Not (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Ooze is flow.', 1: 'Male tortoises have a long tail and females have a short fat tail.', 2: 'Technology means facility with various kinds of technology for learning.', 3: 'Most scyphozoans originate from small attached reproductive polyps.'}
| 2 |
1,576 |
['It is reasonable to believe that pregnancy alters the body-core temperature response to a simulated open field in rats.', 'Provided that the claim that if pregnancy alters the body-core temperature response to a simulated open field in rats, then all cultures have norms and standards for behavior and appearance does not correspond with reality, we know that hemispheres receive sunlight.', 'If the claim that if pregnancy alters the body-core temperature response to a simulated open field in rats, then all cultures have norms and standards for behavior and appearance does not correspond with reality, then the claim that hemispheres receive sunlight does not reflect reality.']
|
It is reasonable to believe that pregnancy alters the body-core temperature response to a simulated open field in rats. Provided that the claim that if pregnancy alters the body-core temperature response to a simulated open field in rats, then all cultures have norms and standards for behavior and appearance does not correspond with reality, we know that hemispheres receive sunlight. If the claim that if pregnancy alters the body-core temperature response to a simulated open field in rats, then all cultures have norms and standards for behavior and appearance does not correspond with reality, then the claim that hemispheres receive sunlight does not reflect reality.
|
It is a simple truth that all cultures have norms and standards for behavior and appearance.
|
The statement 'all cultures have norms and standards for behavior and appearance' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'All cultures have norms and standards for behavior and appearance.', 1: 'Pregnancy alters the body-core temperature response to a simulated open field in rats.', 2: 'Hemispheres receive sunlight.'}
| 2 |
1,738 |
['At least one of two things is true: today there are three main areas of focus in applied sports psychology, or either infection occurs in patients or green plants make their food from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis.', 'Should it be the case that most penguins return to environments, it follows that we know that the claim that today there are three main areas of focus in applied sports psychology is false.', 'The idea that most penguins return to environments is true.']
|
At least one of two things is true: today there are three main areas of focus in applied sports psychology, or either infection occurs in patients or green plants make their food from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis. Should it be the case that most penguins return to environments, it follows that we know that the claim that today there are three main areas of focus in applied sports psychology is false. The idea that most penguins return to environments is true.
|
At least one of two things is true: infection occurs in patients, or green plants make their food from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis.
|
We know that the claim that either infection occurs in patients or green plants make their food from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not [2].).
[3]
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Infection occurs in patients.', 1: 'Green plants make their food from carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis.', 2: 'Today there are three main areas of focus in applied sports psychology.', 3: 'Most penguins return to environments.'}
| 2 |
1,299 |
['The claim that brain injury is described as open or closed has no merit.', 'On the condition that some organisms infect livestock, it is definitely the case that if it is not true that old girls have baby teeth, then brain injury is described as open or closed.', 'The claim that some organisms infect livestock holds true.']
|
The claim that brain injury is described as open or closed has no merit. On the condition that some organisms infect livestock, it is definitely the case that if it is not true that old girls have baby teeth, then brain injury is described as open or closed. The claim that some organisms infect livestock holds true.
|
The statement 'old girls have baby teeth' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'old girls have baby teeth' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Old girls have baby teeth.', 1: 'Brain injury is described as open or closed.', 2: 'Some organisms infect livestock.'}
| 2 |
1,740 |
['On the condition that clean air is a key component of a healthy home, it is definitely the case that patients have severe pain.', 'Assuming some companies invest millions of dollars annually, we know that patients have severe pain.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: mosques are temples, or autism is a lifelong disability that one is born with.', 'If mosques are temples, then clean air is a key component of a healthy home.', 'One may reasonably assume that if autism is a lifelong disability that one is born with, then some companies invest millions of dollars annually.']
|
On the condition that clean air is a key component of a healthy home, it is definitely the case that patients have severe pain. Assuming some companies invest millions of dollars annually, we know that patients have severe pain. We know that at least one of two things is true: mosques are temples, or autism is a lifelong disability that one is born with. If mosques are temples, then clean air is a key component of a healthy home. One may reasonably assume that if autism is a lifelong disability that one is born with, then some companies invest millions of dollars annually.
|
The claim that patients have severe pain is true.
|
The claim that patients have severe pain is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [1].
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Patients have severe pain.', 1: 'Clean air is a key component of a healthy home.', 2: 'Some companies invest millions of dollars annually.', 3: 'Mosques are temples.', 4: 'Autism is a lifelong disability that one is born with.'}
| 2 |
1,247 |
['At least one of two things is true: vision depends on the transduction and decoding of electromagnetic stimulus energies, or calmness is good weather.', 'On the condition that vision depends on the transduction and decoding of electromagnetic stimulus energies, it is definitely the case that if sewage contaminates water, then sports injuries come in many varieties, but the most effective treatment is usually prevention.', "Once we know vision depends on the transduction and decoding of electromagnetic stimulus energies, we also know that the statement that 'if sewage contaminates water, then sports injuries come in many varieties, but the most effective treatment is usually prevention' is incorrect."]
|
At least one of two things is true: vision depends on the transduction and decoding of electromagnetic stimulus energies, or calmness is good weather. On the condition that vision depends on the transduction and decoding of electromagnetic stimulus energies, it is definitely the case that if sewage contaminates water, then sports injuries come in many varieties, but the most effective treatment is usually prevention. Once we know vision depends on the transduction and decoding of electromagnetic stimulus energies, we also know that the statement that 'if sewage contaminates water, then sports injuries come in many varieties, but the most effective treatment is usually prevention' is incorrect.
|
calmness is good weather.
|
Calmness is good weather.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Calmness is good weather.', 1: 'Vision depends on the transduction and decoding of electromagnetic stimulus energies.', 2: 'Sewage contaminates water.', 3: 'Sports injuries come in many varieties, but the most effective treatment is usually prevention.'}
| 2 |
1,926 |
['We know that either causes of cancer are aplenty or the claim that evaporation is the process that changes liquid water into a gas called water vapor is false.', 'On the condition that causes of cancer are aplenty, it is definitely the case that a tangent is a straight line.', 'On the condition that causes of cancer are aplenty, it is definitely the case that the claim that a tangent is a straight line has no merit.']
|
We know that either causes of cancer are aplenty or the claim that evaporation is the process that changes liquid water into a gas called water vapor is false. On the condition that causes of cancer are aplenty, it is definitely the case that a tangent is a straight line. On the condition that causes of cancer are aplenty, it is definitely the case that the claim that a tangent is a straight line has no merit.
|
The claim that evaporation is the process that changes liquid water into a gas called water vapor is false.
|
We know that the claim that evaporation is the reason why damp clothes dry on a washing line is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Evaporation is the process that changes liquid water into a gas called water vapor.', 1: 'Causes of cancer are aplenty.', 2: 'A tangent is a straight line.'}
| 2 |
1,412 |
['It is not true that if some hookworms suck blood, then modern science debunks racial classifications.', 'If skunks also live under old buildings, then either if some hookworms suck blood, then modern science debunks racial classifications or scrap metal is metal.', 'We can assume that skunks also live under old buildings.']
|
It is not true that if some hookworms suck blood, then modern science debunks racial classifications. If skunks also live under old buildings, then either if some hookworms suck blood, then modern science debunks racial classifications or scrap metal is metal. We can assume that skunks also live under old buildings.
|
The idea that scrap metal is metal is true.
|
The statement, scrap metal is metal, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].).
[3]
Therefore, Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0]..
|
{0: 'Scrap metal is metal.', 1: 'Some hookworms suck blood.', 2: 'Modern science debunks racial classifications.', 3: 'Skunks also live under old buildings.'}
| 2 |
1,389 |
['We know that the claim that an anuria is an illness is false.', 'There is good reason to believe that either temperature has strong effects or if it is a common misconception that preeclampsia puts unborn children and their mothers at risk, then an anuria is an illness.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that temperature has strong effects.']
|
We know that the claim that an anuria is an illness is false. There is good reason to believe that either temperature has strong effects or if it is a common misconception that preeclampsia puts unborn children and their mothers at risk, then an anuria is an illness. Some people mistakenly believe that temperature has strong effects.
|
The claim that preeclampsia puts unborn children and their mothers at risk holds true.
|
The claim that preeclampsia puts unborn children and their mothers at risk holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Preeclampsia puts unborn children and their mothers at risk.', 1: 'An anuria is an illness.', 2: 'Temperature has strong effects.'}
| 2 |
1,796 |
["Whenever it is true that people are mental, physical, spiritual and sexual beings, 'money is used for buying' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if money is used for buying, then surveillance is critical to research and public health practice.', "So long as money is used for buying, 'the claim that surveillance is critical to research and public health practice does not correspond with reality' is true."]
|
Whenever it is true that people are mental, physical, spiritual and sexual beings, 'money is used for buying' is true. One may reasonably assume that if money is used for buying, then surveillance is critical to research and public health practice. So long as money is used for buying, 'the claim that surveillance is critical to research and public health practice does not correspond with reality' is true.
|
The statement that states people are mental, physical, spiritual and sexual beings is false.
|
We know that the claim that people can carry it in the nose or on the skin without showing any illness is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'People are mental, physical, spiritual and sexual beings.', 1: 'Money is used for buying.', 2: 'Surveillance is critical to research and public health practice.'}
| 2 |
1,601 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: emerald crystal has uniform physical properties, or physical conditions play an important part in deciding how people associate, relax, work, and play.', "Whenever it is true that emerald crystal has uniform physical properties, 'if use results in significant damage, then reflectors are great for adding a little light back into the dark areas' is true.", "Whenever it is true that emerald crystal has uniform physical properties, 'the claim that if use results in significant damage, then reflectors are great for adding a little light back into the dark areas does not reflect reality' is true."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: emerald crystal has uniform physical properties, or physical conditions play an important part in deciding how people associate, relax, work, and play. Whenever it is true that emerald crystal has uniform physical properties, 'if use results in significant damage, then reflectors are great for adding a little light back into the dark areas' is true. Whenever it is true that emerald crystal has uniform physical properties, 'the claim that if use results in significant damage, then reflectors are great for adding a little light back into the dark areas does not reflect reality' is true.
|
Those that suggest physical conditions play an important part in deciding how people associate, relax, work, and play are right.
|
Those that suggest physical conditions play an important part in deciding how people associate, relax, work, and play are right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Physical conditions play an important part in deciding how people associate, relax, work, and play.', 1: 'Emerald crystal has uniform physical properties.', 2: 'Use results in significant damage.', 3: 'Reflectors are great for adding a little light back into the dark areas.'}
| 2 |
1,654 |
['The claim that robbers have (part) necks does not reflect reality.', 'Assuming genetic drift can also cause population changes, especially in small populations, we know that either robbers have (part) necks or turnpikes are expressways.', 'Those that suggest genetic drift can also cause population changes, especially in small populations are right.']
|
The claim that robbers have (part) necks does not reflect reality. Assuming genetic drift can also cause population changes, especially in small populations, we know that either robbers have (part) necks or turnpikes are expressways. Those that suggest genetic drift can also cause population changes, especially in small populations are right.
|
It is fair to say that turnpikes are expressways.
|
Turnpikes are roads.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Turnpikes are expressways.', 1: 'Robbers have (part) necks.', 2: 'Genetic drift can also cause population changes, especially in small populations.'}
| 2 |
1,261 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: bacterial life survives in the stratosphere, making it a part of the biosphere , or beagles follow scent.', 'Should it be the case that bacterial life survives in the stratosphere, making it a part of the biosphere , it follows that the claim that intussusception is more likely if the child exhibits lethargy does not reflect reality.', 'It is rational to believe that either either natural convection is when flow is caused by thermal gradients in a fluid or bank tellers are office workers or plants produced by johnsongrass rhizomes are a common source of virus.', 'Given that either natural convection is when flow is caused by thermal gradients in a fluid or bank tellers are office workers, it can be inferred that if beagles follow scent, then the claim that intussusception is more likely if the child exhibits lethargy does not reflect reality.', 'Should it be the case that plants produced by johnsongrass rhizomes are a common source of virus, it follows that if beagles follow scent, then the claim that intussusception is more likely if the child exhibits lethargy does not reflect reality.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: bacterial life survives in the stratosphere, making it a part of the biosphere , or beagles follow scent. Should it be the case that bacterial life survives in the stratosphere, making it a part of the biosphere , it follows that the claim that intussusception is more likely if the child exhibits lethargy does not reflect reality. It is rational to believe that either either natural convection is when flow is caused by thermal gradients in a fluid or bank tellers are office workers or plants produced by johnsongrass rhizomes are a common source of virus. Given that either natural convection is when flow is caused by thermal gradients in a fluid or bank tellers are office workers, it can be inferred that if beagles follow scent, then the claim that intussusception is more likely if the child exhibits lethargy does not reflect reality. Should it be the case that plants produced by johnsongrass rhizomes are a common source of virus, it follows that if beagles follow scent, then the claim that intussusception is more likely if the child exhibits lethargy does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that intussusception is more likely if the child exhibits lethargy does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that intussusception is a frequent and important etiology does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [2], then (Not [0].).).
If [5], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Intussusception is more likely if the child exhibits lethargy.', 1: 'Bacterial life survives in the stratosphere, making it a part of the biosphere .', 2: 'Beagles follow scent.', 3: 'Natural convection is when flow is caused by thermal gradients in a fluid.', 4: 'Bank tellers are office workers.', 5: 'Plants produced by johnsongrass rhizomes are a common source of virus.'}
| 2 |
1,456 |
['On the condition that the claim that most furniture is made of wood does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that conjugation is a convenient means for transferring genetic material to a variety of targets.', 'If either consumers are organisms that eat or consume other organisms or hagfishes display rapid movement, then the claim that conjugation is a convenient means for transferring genetic material to a variety of targets has no merit.', 'At least one of two things is true: consumers are organisms that eat or consume other organisms, or hagfishes display rapid movement.']
|
On the condition that the claim that most furniture is made of wood does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that conjugation is a convenient means for transferring genetic material to a variety of targets. If either consumers are organisms that eat or consume other organisms or hagfishes display rapid movement, then the claim that conjugation is a convenient means for transferring genetic material to a variety of targets has no merit. At least one of two things is true: consumers are organisms that eat or consume other organisms, or hagfishes display rapid movement.
|
Those that suggest most furniture is made of wood are right.
|
Those that suggest most furniture is made of wood are right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [1].).
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most furniture is made of wood.', 1: 'Conjugation is a convenient means for transferring genetic material to a variety of targets.', 2: 'Consumers are organisms that eat or consume other organisms.', 3: 'Hagfishes display rapid movement.'}
| 2 |
1,386 |
['It is a common misconception that firewalls also provide a central point for logging and auditing Internet traffic.', 'We know that either if some radiation therapy involves heads, then humpbacks are baleen whales which means they filter their food through baleen plates or shires are located in jerseys.', "Provided that if some radiation therapy involves heads, then humpbacks are baleen whales which means they filter their food through baleen plates, we know that either firewalls also provide a central point for logging and auditing Internet traffic or the notion that 'if breathe difficulty causes significant problems, then internet is the most efficient way of competing in today's global economy' is untrue.", "Assuming shires are located in jerseys, we know that either firewalls also provide a central point for logging and auditing Internet traffic or the notion that 'if breathe difficulty causes significant problems, then internet is the most efficient way of competing in today's global economy' is untrue."]
|
It is a common misconception that firewalls also provide a central point for logging and auditing Internet traffic. We know that either if some radiation therapy involves heads, then humpbacks are baleen whales which means they filter their food through baleen plates or shires are located in jerseys. Provided that if some radiation therapy involves heads, then humpbacks are baleen whales which means they filter their food through baleen plates, we know that either firewalls also provide a central point for logging and auditing Internet traffic or the notion that 'if breathe difficulty causes significant problems, then internet is the most efficient way of competing in today's global economy' is untrue. Assuming shires are located in jerseys, we know that either firewalls also provide a central point for logging and auditing Internet traffic or the notion that 'if breathe difficulty causes significant problems, then internet is the most efficient way of competing in today's global economy' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'if breathe difficulty causes significant problems, then internet is the most efficient way of competing in today's global economy' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'if breathe difficulty causes significant problems, then internet is the most efficient way of competing in today's global economy' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or [5].
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
If [5], then (Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Breathe difficulty causes significant problems.', 1: "Internet is the most efficient way of competing in today's global economy.", 2: 'Firewalls also provide a central point for logging and auditing Internet traffic.', 3: 'Some radiation therapy involves heads.', 4: 'Humpbacks are baleen whales which means they filter their food through baleen plates.', 5: 'Shires are located in jerseys.'}
| 2 |
1,982 |
['If a dickey is an inset, then if plants have natural defenses against pests, then censuses attempt to survey the entire population.', 'Either male cats are fertile from six months, and can impregnate up to thirty-two female cats a year or cats can be extremely possessive and jealous.', 'If male cats are fertile from six months, and can impregnate up to thirty-two female cats a year, then the claim that if plants have natural defenses against pests, then censuses attempt to survey the entire population has no merit.', "So long as cats can be extremely possessive and jealous, 'the claim that if plants have natural defenses against pests, then censuses attempt to survey the entire population has no merit' is true."]
|
If a dickey is an inset, then if plants have natural defenses against pests, then censuses attempt to survey the entire population. Either male cats are fertile from six months, and can impregnate up to thirty-two female cats a year or cats can be extremely possessive and jealous. If male cats are fertile from six months, and can impregnate up to thirty-two female cats a year, then the claim that if plants have natural defenses against pests, then censuses attempt to survey the entire population has no merit. So long as cats can be extremely possessive and jealous, 'the claim that if plants have natural defenses against pests, then censuses attempt to survey the entire population has no merit' is true.
|
It is a common misconception that a dickey is an inset.
|
It is a common misconception that a dickey is an inset.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'A dickey is an inset.', 1: 'Plants have natural defenses against pests.', 2: 'Censuses attempt to survey the entire population.', 3: 'Male cats are fertile from six months, and can impregnate up to thirty-two female cats a year.', 4: 'Cats can be extremely possessive and jealous.'}
| 2 |
1,909 |
['The statement, domestic terrorism is probably a more widespread phenomenon than international terrorism, does not hold.', 'Assuming it is not true that if it is not the case that phosphates are necessary to the growth of organisms and have extensive use as fertilizers, then domestic terrorism is probably a more widespread phenomenon than international terrorism, we know that if incidents involve mammals, then animals enjoy meals.', "When it is not true that if it is not the case that phosphates are necessary to the growth of organisms and have extensive use as fertilizers, then domestic terrorism is probably a more widespread phenomenon than international terrorism is true, it follows that the statement 'if incidents involve mammals, then animals enjoy meals' can be considered false."]
|
The statement, domestic terrorism is probably a more widespread phenomenon than international terrorism, does not hold. Assuming it is not true that if it is not the case that phosphates are necessary to the growth of organisms and have extensive use as fertilizers, then domestic terrorism is probably a more widespread phenomenon than international terrorism, we know that if incidents involve mammals, then animals enjoy meals. When it is not true that if it is not the case that phosphates are necessary to the growth of organisms and have extensive use as fertilizers, then domestic terrorism is probably a more widespread phenomenon than international terrorism is true, it follows that the statement 'if incidents involve mammals, then animals enjoy meals' can be considered false.
|
The claim that phosphates are necessary to the growth of organisms and have extensive use as fertilizers is true.
|
Phosphates act by reducing bone resorption of calcium and promoting renal calcium reabsorption.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Phosphates are necessary to the growth of organisms and have extensive use as fertilizers.', 1: 'Domestic terrorism is probably a more widespread phenomenon than international terrorism.', 2: 'Incidents involve mammals.', 3: 'Animals enjoy meals.'}
| 2 |
1,693 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that pulpwood is the chief forest product, but some lumber is produced.', 'Should it be the case that carotenoids are primarily yellow in hue, it follows that either pulpwood is the chief forest product, but some lumber is produced or either most natural scientists formulate theories or giant pandas have heads.', 'It is fair to say that carotenoids are primarily yellow in hue.']
|
Some people mistakenly believe that pulpwood is the chief forest product, but some lumber is produced. Should it be the case that carotenoids are primarily yellow in hue, it follows that either pulpwood is the chief forest product, but some lumber is produced or either most natural scientists formulate theories or giant pandas have heads. It is fair to say that carotenoids are primarily yellow in hue.
|
It is rational to believe that either most natural scientists formulate theories or giant pandas have heads.
|
It is rational to believe that either most natural scientists formulate theories or giant pandas have heads.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).
[3]
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most natural scientists formulate theories.', 1: 'Giant pandas have heads.', 2: 'Pulpwood is the chief forest product, but some lumber is produced.', 3: 'Carotenoids are primarily yellow in hue.'}
| 2 |
1,236 |
['It is a fact that either ice is used in a variety of ways, including cooling, winter sports and ice sculpture or death is a means to an end.', 'When ice is used in a variety of ways, including cooling, winter sports and ice sculpture is true, it follows that if tempests are windstorm, then computer hackers can crack into banking networks and steal money.', 'One may reasonably assume that if ice is used in a variety of ways, including cooling, winter sports and ice sculpture , then it is not true that if tempests are windstorm, then computer hackers can crack into banking networks and steal money.']
|
It is a fact that either ice is used in a variety of ways, including cooling, winter sports and ice sculpture or death is a means to an end. When ice is used in a variety of ways, including cooling, winter sports and ice sculpture is true, it follows that if tempests are windstorm, then computer hackers can crack into banking networks and steal money. One may reasonably assume that if ice is used in a variety of ways, including cooling, winter sports and ice sculpture , then it is not true that if tempests are windstorm, then computer hackers can crack into banking networks and steal money.
|
The claim that death is a means to an end holds true.
|
It is a common misconception that death is a means to an end.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Death is a means to an end.', 1: 'Ice is used in a variety of ways, including cooling, winter sports and ice sculpture .', 2: 'Tempests are windstorm.', 3: 'Computer hackers can crack into banking networks and steal money.'}
| 2 |
1,501 |
['It is rational to believe that either young children are most at risk from lead poisoning or either sensory automatisms seem to be essentially fugacious or spider mites continue to populate many soybean leaves, although fungus has reduced the population.', 'Given that either sensory automatisms seem to be essentially fugacious or spider mites continue to populate many soybean leaves, although fungus has reduced the population, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that power is measured in watts, and intensity is therefore measured in watts per square meter.', 'Should it be the case that the claim that if young children are most at risk from lead poisoning, then some people mistakenly believe that power is measured in watts, and intensity is therefore measured in watts per square meter does not reflect reality, it follows that headdress isa clothing.', 'On the condition that the claim that if young children are most at risk from lead poisoning, then some people mistakenly believe that power is measured in watts, and intensity is therefore measured in watts per square meter does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that the claim that headdress isa clothing is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either young children are most at risk from lead poisoning or either sensory automatisms seem to be essentially fugacious or spider mites continue to populate many soybean leaves, although fungus has reduced the population. Given that either sensory automatisms seem to be essentially fugacious or spider mites continue to populate many soybean leaves, although fungus has reduced the population, it can be inferred that some people mistakenly believe that power is measured in watts, and intensity is therefore measured in watts per square meter. Should it be the case that the claim that if young children are most at risk from lead poisoning, then some people mistakenly believe that power is measured in watts, and intensity is therefore measured in watts per square meter does not reflect reality, it follows that headdress isa clothing. On the condition that the claim that if young children are most at risk from lead poisoning, then some people mistakenly believe that power is measured in watts, and intensity is therefore measured in watts per square meter does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that the claim that headdress isa clothing is false.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that power is measured in watts, and intensity is therefore measured in watts per square meter.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that power is measured in watts, and intensity is therefore measured in watts per square meter.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [4].
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Power is measured in watts, and intensity is therefore measured in watts per square meter.', 1: 'Young children are most at risk from lead poisoning.', 2: 'Sensory automatisms seem to be essentially fugacious.', 3: 'Spider mites continue to populate many soybean leaves, although fungus has reduced the population.', 4: 'Headdress isa clothing.'}
| 2 |
1,497 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: aardwolves consume their prey by licking termites off surfaces using a flat, sticky tongue, or dendrites are some tens of microns in length.', "Whenever it is true that aardwolves consume their prey by licking termites off surfaces using a flat, sticky tongue, 'terbium is malleable and ductile and can be cut with sharp objects' is true.", 'Should it be the case that aardwolves consume their prey by licking termites off surfaces using a flat, sticky tongue, it follows that it is not true that terbium is malleable and ductile and can be cut with sharp objects.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: aardwolves consume their prey by licking termites off surfaces using a flat, sticky tongue, or dendrites are some tens of microns in length. Whenever it is true that aardwolves consume their prey by licking termites off surfaces using a flat, sticky tongue, 'terbium is malleable and ductile and can be cut with sharp objects' is true. Should it be the case that aardwolves consume their prey by licking termites off surfaces using a flat, sticky tongue, it follows that it is not true that terbium is malleable and ductile and can be cut with sharp objects.
|
The idea that dendrites are some tens of microns in length is true.
|
A dendrite is fibre.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Dendrites are some tens of microns in length.', 1: 'Aardwolves consume their prey by licking termites off surfaces using a flat, sticky tongue.', 2: 'Terbium is malleable and ductile and can be cut with sharp objects.'}
| 2 |
1,874 |
['Either water expanding and contracting due to freezing can make things even worse or many experts resist recommending drinking alcohol because of the potential for alcohol abuse.', 'One may reasonably assume that if many experts resist recommending drinking alcohol because of the potential for alcohol abuse, then incest is a chain.', 'There is good reason to believe that either either some snakes hide in forests or lizards prefer environments or if water expanding and contracting due to freezing can make things even worse, then incest is a chain.', "The statement that 'either some snakes hide in forests or lizards prefer environments' is incorrect."]
|
Either water expanding and contracting due to freezing can make things even worse or many experts resist recommending drinking alcohol because of the potential for alcohol abuse. One may reasonably assume that if many experts resist recommending drinking alcohol because of the potential for alcohol abuse, then incest is a chain. There is good reason to believe that either either some snakes hide in forests or lizards prefer environments or if water expanding and contracting due to freezing can make things even worse, then incest is a chain. The statement that 'either some snakes hide in forests or lizards prefer environments' is incorrect.
|
We can assume that incest is a chain.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that incest is a chain.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or (If [1], then [0].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Incest is a chain.', 1: 'Water expanding and contracting due to freezing can make things even worse.', 2: 'Many experts resist recommending drinking alcohol because of the potential for alcohol abuse.', 3: 'Some snakes hide in forests.', 4: 'Lizards prefer environments.'}
| 2 |
1,452 |
['One may reasonably assume that if food chains begin with the sun, the source of all energy on earth, then mineral resources are the property of the state.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: flats are musical notation, or bird feeders are an obvious target for the bears, which love sunflower seeds.', 'Once we know flats are musical notation, we also know that food chains begin with the sun, the source of all energy on earth.', 'If bird feeders are an obvious target for the bears, which love sunflower seeds, then food chains begin with the sun, the source of all energy on earth.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if food chains begin with the sun, the source of all energy on earth, then mineral resources are the property of the state. Either one or both of these statements are true: flats are musical notation, or bird feeders are an obvious target for the bears, which love sunflower seeds. Once we know flats are musical notation, we also know that food chains begin with the sun, the source of all energy on earth. If bird feeders are an obvious target for the bears, which love sunflower seeds, then food chains begin with the sun, the source of all energy on earth.
|
mineral resources are the property of the state.
|
Mineral resources are the property of the state.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Mineral resources are the property of the state.', 1: 'Food chains begin with the sun, the source of all energy on earth.', 2: 'Flats are musical notation.', 3: 'Bird feeders are an obvious target for the bears, which love sunflower seeds.'}
| 2 |
1,494 |
['Those that suggest legends describe gods are right.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: a rosebud is a bud, or cultural factors influence responses.', 'Once we know a rosebud is a bud, we also know that if legends describe gods, then attendance is group actions.', 'If cultural factors influence responses, then if legends describe gods, then attendance is group actions.']
|
Those that suggest legends describe gods are right. We know that at least one of two things is true: a rosebud is a bud, or cultural factors influence responses. Once we know a rosebud is a bud, we also know that if legends describe gods, then attendance is group actions. If cultural factors influence responses, then if legends describe gods, then attendance is group actions.
|
The statement that states attendance is group actions is right.
|
Attendance is frequencies.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Attendance is group actions.', 1: 'Legends describe gods.', 2: 'A rosebud is a bud.', 3: 'Cultural factors influence responses.'}
| 2 |
1,923 |
['Provided that wood has a different feeling than leather, we know that physical properties are unlike any other known biological agent.', 'Given that physical properties are unlike any other known biological agent, it can be inferred that if vaccinated cells mimic a natural infection with the virus, then potatoes have a low calorie density and a high satiety value per calorie.', 'Given that physical properties are unlike any other known biological agent, it can be inferred that the statement, if vaccinated cells mimic a natural infection with the virus, then potatoes have a low calorie density and a high satiety value per calorie, does not hold.']
|
Provided that wood has a different feeling than leather, we know that physical properties are unlike any other known biological agent. Given that physical properties are unlike any other known biological agent, it can be inferred that if vaccinated cells mimic a natural infection with the virus, then potatoes have a low calorie density and a high satiety value per calorie. Given that physical properties are unlike any other known biological agent, it can be inferred that the statement, if vaccinated cells mimic a natural infection with the virus, then potatoes have a low calorie density and a high satiety value per calorie, does not hold.
|
The claim that wood has a different feeling than leather is false.
|
The statement that states wood is a renewable resource is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Wood has a different feeling than leather.', 1: 'Physical properties are unlike any other known biological agent.', 2: 'Vaccinated cells mimic a natural infection with the virus.', 3: 'Potatoes have a low calorie density and a high satiety value per calorie.'}
| 2 |
1,279 |
['We know that either rodents exhibit behavior or immigrants contribute to society, and there is no question that they contribute to California.', 'One may reasonably assume that if rodents exhibit behavior, then calcium supplementation is very important to a wide range of people.', 'It is a fact that either all cells are made by other cells or if immigrants contribute to society, and there is no question that they contribute to California, then calcium supplementation is very important to a wide range of people.', 'The claim that all cells are made by other cells is false.']
|
We know that either rodents exhibit behavior or immigrants contribute to society, and there is no question that they contribute to California. One may reasonably assume that if rodents exhibit behavior, then calcium supplementation is very important to a wide range of people. It is a fact that either all cells are made by other cells or if immigrants contribute to society, and there is no question that they contribute to California, then calcium supplementation is very important to a wide range of people. The claim that all cells are made by other cells is false.
|
It is reasonable to believe that calcium supplementation is very important to a wide range of people.
|
The statement that 'calcium supplementation is very important to a wide range of people' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Calcium supplementation is very important to a wide range of people.', 1: 'Rodents exhibit behavior.', 2: 'Immigrants contribute to society, and there is no question that they contribute to California.', 3: 'All cells are made by other cells .'}
| 2 |
1,638 |
['If either some spiders have sex organs or common patterns show characteristics, then either most barnacles have female organs or network is a place for people to express how they feel about different issues.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: some shellfishes help health, or information technology is an important tool for the basic core operations of an organization.', 'Assuming some shellfishes help health, we know that either some spiders have sex organs or common patterns show characteristics.', 'If information technology is an important tool for the basic core operations of an organization, then either some spiders have sex organs or common patterns show characteristics.']
|
If either some spiders have sex organs or common patterns show characteristics, then either most barnacles have female organs or network is a place for people to express how they feel about different issues. We know that at least one of two things is true: some shellfishes help health, or information technology is an important tool for the basic core operations of an organization. Assuming some shellfishes help health, we know that either some spiders have sex organs or common patterns show characteristics. If information technology is an important tool for the basic core operations of an organization, then either some spiders have sex organs or common patterns show characteristics.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: most barnacles have female organs, or network is a place for people to express how they feel about different issues.
|
The claim that either most barnacles have female organs or network is a place for people to express how they feel about different issues is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
Either [2] or [3]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (Either [2] or [3].).
If [5], then (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Most barnacles have female organs.', 1: 'Network is a place for people to express how they feel about different issues.', 2: 'Some spiders have sex organs.', 3: 'Common patterns show characteristics.', 4: 'Some shellfishes help health.', 5: 'Information technology is an important tool for the basic core operations of an organization.'}
| 2 |
1,485 |
['The claim that either services provide activities or sin is the result of ignorance, weakness, and indifference does not correspond with reality.', "Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that if computation is the essence of order, then either services provide activities or sin is the result of ignorance, weakness, and indifference is false, 'love is a gift anyone can give' is true.", "Given that we know that the claim that if computation is the essence of order, then either services provide activities or sin is the result of ignorance, weakness, and indifference is false, it can be inferred that the statement that 'love is a gift anyone can give' is incorrect."]
|
The claim that either services provide activities or sin is the result of ignorance, weakness, and indifference does not correspond with reality. Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that if computation is the essence of order, then either services provide activities or sin is the result of ignorance, weakness, and indifference is false, 'love is a gift anyone can give' is true. Given that we know that the claim that if computation is the essence of order, then either services provide activities or sin is the result of ignorance, weakness, and indifference is false, it can be inferred that the statement that 'love is a gift anyone can give' is incorrect.
|
The statement 'computation is the essence of order' can be considered false.
|
It is rational to agree that computation is the essence of order.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then [3].
If (Not (If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Computation is the essence of order.', 1: 'Services provide activities.', 2: 'Sin is the result of ignorance, weakness, and indifference.', 3: 'Love is a gift anyone can give.'}
| 2 |
1,568 |
["Should it be the case that the statement 'if bioluminescence refers to the production of light via a chemical reaction, then octopuses thrive at the base of the ridge' can be considered false, it follows that the claim that either greenhouse gases can have effects or climatologists make up an important branch of the study of geography does not correspond with reality.", "We know that either science is the organized systematic pursuit of knowledge or if the statement 'if bioluminescence refers to the production of light via a chemical reaction, then octopuses thrive at the base of the ridge' can be considered false, then either greenhouse gases can have effects or climatologists make up an important branch of the study of geography.", 'The statement that states science is the organized systematic pursuit of knowledge is false.']
|
Should it be the case that the statement 'if bioluminescence refers to the production of light via a chemical reaction, then octopuses thrive at the base of the ridge' can be considered false, it follows that the claim that either greenhouse gases can have effects or climatologists make up an important branch of the study of geography does not correspond with reality. We know that either science is the organized systematic pursuit of knowledge or if the statement 'if bioluminescence refers to the production of light via a chemical reaction, then octopuses thrive at the base of the ridge' can be considered false, then either greenhouse gases can have effects or climatologists make up an important branch of the study of geography. The statement that states science is the organized systematic pursuit of knowledge is false.
|
Once we know bioluminescence refers to the production of light via a chemical reaction, we also know that octopuses thrive at the base of the ridge.
|
Provided that bioluminescence refers to the production of light via a chemical reaction, we know that octopuses are highly intelligent , possibly more so than any other order of invertebrates
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Bioluminescence refers to the production of light via a chemical reaction.', 1: 'Octopuses thrive at the base of the ridge.', 2: 'Greenhouse gases can have effects.', 3: 'Climatologists make up an important branch of the study of geography.', 4: 'Science is the organized systematic pursuit of knowledge.'}
| 2 |
1,108 |
['If the claim that liqueurs are alcohol does not correspond with reality, then it is not true that most donors have some bone pain and aches for several days or a few weeks.', 'When if moulds can vary greatly in size, then binoculars isa instrument is true, it follows that if the claim that liqueurs are alcohol does not correspond with reality, then most donors have some bone pain and aches for several days or a few weeks.', 'When moulds can vary greatly in size is true, it follows that binoculars isa instrument.']
|
If the claim that liqueurs are alcohol does not correspond with reality, then it is not true that most donors have some bone pain and aches for several days or a few weeks. When if moulds can vary greatly in size, then binoculars isa instrument is true, it follows that if the claim that liqueurs are alcohol does not correspond with reality, then most donors have some bone pain and aches for several days or a few weeks. When moulds can vary greatly in size is true, it follows that binoculars isa instrument.
|
It is rational to agree that liqueurs are alcohol.
|
A liqueur is alcohol.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Liqueurs are alcohol.', 1: 'Most donors have some bone pain and aches for several days or a few weeks.', 2: 'Moulds can vary greatly in size.', 3: 'Binoculars isa instrument.'}
| 2 |
1,367 |
["Whenever it is true that those that suggest kites are used for playing are wrong, 'appreciative inquiry focuses on what is working' is true.", "So long as appreciative inquiry focuses on what is working, 'pearl millet is known as a forage capable of producing high contents of crude protein' is true.", 'Given that appreciative inquiry focuses on what is working, it can be inferred that those that suggest pearl millet is known as a forage capable of producing high contents of crude protein are wrong.']
|
Whenever it is true that those that suggest kites are used for playing are wrong, 'appreciative inquiry focuses on what is working' is true. So long as appreciative inquiry focuses on what is working, 'pearl millet is known as a forage capable of producing high contents of crude protein' is true. Given that appreciative inquiry focuses on what is working, it can be inferred that those that suggest pearl millet is known as a forage capable of producing high contents of crude protein are wrong.
|
Many people rightly believe that kites are used for playing.
|
Kites fly in very windy weather.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Kites are used for playing.', 1: 'Appreciative inquiry focuses on what is working.', 2: 'Pearl millet is known as a forage capable of producing high contents of crude protein.'}
| 2 |
1,644 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that real wage is the wage in constant dollars, adjusted for price level.', "It is rational to believe that either ozone is formed when different types of air pollution mix together in sunlight on hot days or if ancient kingdoms surround the country's history, then androgens can accelerate bone maturation without producing compensatory gain in linear growth.", 'Assuming ozone is formed when different types of air pollution mix together in sunlight on hot days, we know that real wage is the wage in constant dollars, adjusted for price level.', "On the condition that if ancient kingdoms surround the country's history, then androgens can accelerate bone maturation without producing compensatory gain in linear growth, it is definitely the case that if some platypuses have life stages, then later retirement is a partial answer to the problems of aging populations and increased longevity."]
|
Some people mistakenly believe that real wage is the wage in constant dollars, adjusted for price level. It is rational to believe that either ozone is formed when different types of air pollution mix together in sunlight on hot days or if ancient kingdoms surround the country's history, then androgens can accelerate bone maturation without producing compensatory gain in linear growth. Assuming ozone is formed when different types of air pollution mix together in sunlight on hot days, we know that real wage is the wage in constant dollars, adjusted for price level. On the condition that if ancient kingdoms surround the country's history, then androgens can accelerate bone maturation without producing compensatory gain in linear growth, it is definitely the case that if some platypuses have life stages, then later retirement is a partial answer to the problems of aging populations and increased longevity.
|
One may reasonably assume that if some platypuses have life stages, then later retirement is a partial answer to the problems of aging populations and increased longevity.
|
Whenever it is true that platypuses have (part) corpi, 'later retirement is a partial answer to the problems of aging populations and increased longevity' is true.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then [2].
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Some platypuses have life stages.', 1: 'Later retirement is a partial answer to the problems of aging populations and increased longevity.', 2: 'Real wage is the wage in constant dollars, adjusted for price level.', 3: 'Ozone is formed when different types of air pollution mix together in sunlight on hot days.', 4: "Ancient kingdoms surround the country's history.", 5: 'Androgens can accelerate bone maturation without producing compensatory gain in linear growth.'}
| 2 |
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