id
int64 0
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| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
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stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
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int64 1
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
651 |
['On the condition that girls are far more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than boys, it is definitely the case that atoms are one of the basic units of matter.', 'Provided that girls are far more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than boys, we know that it is not the case that atoms are one of the basic units of matter.']
|
On the condition that girls are far more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than boys, it is definitely the case that atoms are one of the basic units of matter. Provided that girls are far more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than boys, we know that it is not the case that atoms are one of the basic units of matter.
|
The claim that girls are far more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than boys does not reflect reality.
|
It is reasonable to believe that girls are far more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than boys.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Girls are far more likely to be victims of sexual abuse than boys.', 1: 'Atoms are one of the basic units of matter.'}
| 1 |
669 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: dogs get into fights and they do get bitten, or wrynecks feed mainly on ants and their larvae.', "So long as dogs get into fights and they do get bitten, 'fans are capable of cool air' is true.", 'On the condition that wrynecks feed mainly on ants and their larvae, it is definitely the case that fans are capable of cool air.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: dogs get into fights and they do get bitten, or wrynecks feed mainly on ants and their larvae. So long as dogs get into fights and they do get bitten, 'fans are capable of cool air' is true. On the condition that wrynecks feed mainly on ants and their larvae, it is definitely the case that fans are capable of cool air.
|
It is true that fans are capable of cool air.
|
It is true that fans are capable of cool air.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Fans are capable of cool air.', 1: 'Dogs get into fights and they do get bitten.', 2: 'Wrynecks feed mainly on ants and their larvae.'}
| 1 |
504 |
['One may reasonably assume that if newts display blue color, then devices consume power.', 'Many people rightly believe that newts display blue color.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if newts display blue color, then devices consume power. Many people rightly believe that newts display blue color.
|
It is true that devices consume power.
|
Some devices change energy.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Devices consume power.', 1: 'Newts display blue color.'}
| 1 |
900 |
["Provided that the statement that 'adornments are illusions, and illusions have no place in the heavens' is incorrect, we know that most juvenile birds have heads.", "Whenever it is true that the statement that 'adornments are illusions, and illusions have no place in the heavens' is incorrect, 'some people mistakenly believe that most juvenile birds have heads' is true."]
|
Provided that the statement that 'adornments are illusions, and illusions have no place in the heavens' is incorrect, we know that most juvenile birds have heads. Whenever it is true that the statement that 'adornments are illusions, and illusions have no place in the heavens' is incorrect, 'some people mistakenly believe that most juvenile birds have heads' is true.
|
The claim that adornments are illusions, and illusions have no place in the heavens holds true.
|
The statement that 'adornments are illusions, and illusions have no place in the heavens' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Adornments are illusions, and illusions have no place in the heavens.', 1: 'Most juvenile birds have heads.'}
| 1 |
649 |
['There is good reason to believe that either breast biopsy is used for confimation of diagnosis or opticians have (part) body substances.', 'The claim that breast biopsy is used for confimation of diagnosis does not reflect reality.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either breast biopsy is used for confimation of diagnosis or opticians have (part) body substances. The claim that breast biopsy is used for confimation of diagnosis does not reflect reality.
|
opticians have (part) body substances.
|
Opticians have (part) legs.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Opticians have (part) body substances.', 1: 'Breast biopsy is used for confimation of diagnosis.'}
| 1 |
931 |
['Provided that the statement that states if peccaries have (part) cannon bones, then electricians bring electricity into homes, businesses, and factories is false, we know that bore isa artifact.', 'Assuming the statement that states if peccaries have (part) cannon bones, then electricians bring electricity into homes, businesses, and factories is false, we know that the claim that bore isa artifact is false.']
|
Provided that the statement that states if peccaries have (part) cannon bones, then electricians bring electricity into homes, businesses, and factories is false, we know that bore isa artifact. Assuming the statement that states if peccaries have (part) cannon bones, then electricians bring electricity into homes, businesses, and factories is false, we know that the claim that bore isa artifact is false.
|
If peccaries have (part) cannon bones, then electricians bring electricity into homes, businesses, and factories.
|
If peccaries have (part) cannon bones, then electricians bring electricity into homes, businesses, and factories.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Peccaries have (part) cannon bones.', 1: 'Electricians bring electricity into homes, businesses, and factories.', 2: 'Bore isa artifact.'}
| 1 |
300 |
['On the condition that astragalus stimulates the immune system, increases energy and promotes tissue regeneration, it is definitely the case that low doses are also effective for use as a muscle relaxant and for chronic pain syndromes.', 'It is true that astragalus stimulates the immune system, increases energy and promotes tissue regeneration.']
|
On the condition that astragalus stimulates the immune system, increases energy and promotes tissue regeneration, it is definitely the case that low doses are also effective for use as a muscle relaxant and for chronic pain syndromes. It is true that astragalus stimulates the immune system, increases energy and promotes tissue regeneration.
|
We can assume that low doses are also effective for use as a muscle relaxant and for chronic pain syndromes.
|
Low doses stimulate physiologic functions in humans and experimental animals.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Low doses are also effective for use as a muscle relaxant and for chronic pain syndromes.', 1: 'Astragalus stimulates the immune system, increases energy and promotes tissue regeneration.'}
| 1 |
674 |
["We know that either human use is a large contributor to most landslides in residential areas or the statement 'men meet goals' can be considered false.", 'The statement, human use is a large contributor to most landslides in residential areas, does not hold.']
|
We know that either human use is a large contributor to most landslides in residential areas or the statement 'men meet goals' can be considered false. The statement, human use is a large contributor to most landslides in residential areas, does not hold.
|
The statement 'men meet goals' can be considered false.
|
It is not true that some men do develop osteoporosis, but in far fewer numbers than women, and at a later age.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Men meet goals.', 1: 'Human use is a large contributor to most landslides in residential areas.'}
| 1 |
665 |
['Assuming heat exhaustion occurs before heat stroke, we know that new drugs can stop a heart attack, or prevent a second, fatal attack.', "The notion that 'new drugs can stop a heart attack, or prevent a second, fatal attack' is untrue."]
|
Assuming heat exhaustion occurs before heat stroke, we know that new drugs can stop a heart attack, or prevent a second, fatal attack. The notion that 'new drugs can stop a heart attack, or prevent a second, fatal attack' is untrue.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that heat exhaustion occurs before heat stroke.
|
The claim that heat exhaustion occurs before heat stroke is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Heat exhaustion occurs before heat stroke.', 1: 'New drugs can stop a heart attack, or prevent a second, fatal attack.'}
| 1 |
570 |
['One may reasonably assume that if smoking is by far the number one cause of lung cancer , then diversity is the poorly kept secret of nature.', "The statement that 'diversity is the poorly kept secret of nature' is incorrect."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if smoking is by far the number one cause of lung cancer , then diversity is the poorly kept secret of nature. The statement that 'diversity is the poorly kept secret of nature' is incorrect.
|
The notion that 'smoking is by far the number one cause of lung cancer ' is untrue.
|
The claim that smoking raises the risk of duodenal ulcers developing does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Smoking is by far the number one cause of lung cancer .', 1: 'Diversity is the poorly kept secret of nature.'}
| 1 |
163 |
['If most glands produce greasy substances, then fungi are composed of thin filaments of cells called hyphae.', 'Those that suggest most glands produce greasy substances are right.']
|
If most glands produce greasy substances, then fungi are composed of thin filaments of cells called hyphae. Those that suggest most glands produce greasy substances are right.
|
It is fair to say that fungi are composed of thin filaments of cells called hyphae.
|
Many fungi get their food from soil, and others eat dead plants and animals.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Fungi are composed of thin filaments of cells called hyphae.', 1: 'Most glands produce greasy substances.'}
| 1 |
336 |
['At least one of two things is true: phantom limb is a common experience with amputees, or the statement, stromal cells mediate retinoid-dependent functions essential for renal development, does not hold.', 'Those that suggest phantom limb is a common experience with amputees are wrong.']
|
At least one of two things is true: phantom limb is a common experience with amputees, or the statement, stromal cells mediate retinoid-dependent functions essential for renal development, does not hold. Those that suggest phantom limb is a common experience with amputees are wrong.
|
The statement, stromal cells mediate retinoid-dependent functions essential for renal development, does not hold.
|
It is fair to say that stromal cells mediate retinoid-dependent functions essential for renal development.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Stromal cells mediate retinoid-dependent functions essential for renal development.', 1: 'Phantom limb is a common experience with amputees.'}
| 1 |
59 |
['Assuming if books increase the horizon of knowledge, then young children have the greatest risk of exposure, we know that mud comes from rich environments.', "Whenever it is true that if books increase the horizon of knowledge, then young children have the greatest risk of exposure, 'the claim that mud comes from rich environments does not reflect reality' is true."]
|
Assuming if books increase the horizon of knowledge, then young children have the greatest risk of exposure, we know that mud comes from rich environments. Whenever it is true that if books increase the horizon of knowledge, then young children have the greatest risk of exposure, 'the claim that mud comes from rich environments does not reflect reality' is true.
|
The statement that 'if books increase the horizon of knowledge, then young children have the greatest risk of exposure' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'if books increase the horizon of knowledge, then young children have the greatest risk of exposure' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Books increase the horizon of knowledge.', 1: 'Young children have the greatest risk of exposure.', 2: 'Mud comes from rich environments.'}
| 1 |
821 |
['At least one of two things is true: molecular processes dictate our lives and the lives of all living things, or some hosts die from illnesses.', 'Should it be the case that molecular processes dictate our lives and the lives of all living things, it follows that the statement that states horse flies have scissorlike cutting blades is false.', 'Given that some hosts die from illnesses, it can be inferred that the statement that states horse flies have scissorlike cutting blades is false.']
|
At least one of two things is true: molecular processes dictate our lives and the lives of all living things, or some hosts die from illnesses. Should it be the case that molecular processes dictate our lives and the lives of all living things, it follows that the statement that states horse flies have scissorlike cutting blades is false. Given that some hosts die from illnesses, it can be inferred that the statement that states horse flies have scissorlike cutting blades is false.
|
The statement that states horse flies have scissorlike cutting blades is false.
|
The notion that 'horse flies are black to dark brown with green or black eyes' is untrue.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Horse flies have scissorlike cutting blades.', 1: 'Molecular processes dictate our lives and the lives of all living things.', 2: 'Some hosts die from illnesses.'}
| 1 |
933 |
['Given that we know that the claim that dinosaurs have size is false, it can be inferred that either most carpenter ants live in colonies or metamorphic rocks are stones.', 'On the condition that we know that the claim that dinosaurs have size is false, it is definitely the case that the statement that states either most carpenter ants live in colonies or metamorphic rocks are stones is false.']
|
Given that we know that the claim that dinosaurs have size is false, it can be inferred that either most carpenter ants live in colonies or metamorphic rocks are stones. On the condition that we know that the claim that dinosaurs have size is false, it is definitely the case that the statement that states either most carpenter ants live in colonies or metamorphic rocks are stones is false.
|
The statement 'dinosaurs have size' can be considered true.
|
Dinosaurs have (part) sterna.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Dinosaurs have size.', 1: 'Most carpenter ants live in colonies.', 2: 'Metamorphic rocks are stones.'}
| 1 |
490 |
["So long as some people mistakenly believe that owners know thieves, 'some rabbits have fields' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if some people mistakenly believe that owners know thieves, then it is not the case that some rabbits have fields.']
|
So long as some people mistakenly believe that owners know thieves, 'some rabbits have fields' is true. One may reasonably assume that if some people mistakenly believe that owners know thieves, then it is not the case that some rabbits have fields.
|
owners know thieves.
|
Owners love pets.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Owners know thieves.', 1: 'Some rabbits have fields.'}
| 1 |
787 |
['It is a fact that either children receive therapy or ships can also flood and catch fire.', 'It is a common misconception that children receive therapy.']
|
It is a fact that either children receive therapy or ships can also flood and catch fire. It is a common misconception that children receive therapy.
|
Those that suggest ships can also flood and catch fire are right.
|
Ships have tractor beams.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Ships can also flood and catch fire.', 1: 'Children receive therapy.'}
| 1 |
449 |
['Once we know sulfur reacts with the oil to create phytotoxicity, we also know that most grandparents become caretakers.', 'It is fair to say that sulfur reacts with the oil to create phytotoxicity.']
|
Once we know sulfur reacts with the oil to create phytotoxicity, we also know that most grandparents become caretakers. It is fair to say that sulfur reacts with the oil to create phytotoxicity.
|
Those that suggest most grandparents become caretakers are right.
|
Those that suggest most grandparents become caretakers are right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most grandparents become caretakers.', 1: 'Sulfur reacts with the oil to create phytotoxicity.'}
| 1 |
703 |
["Whenever it is true that dinosaurs are now extinct, 'different curries have different colors, flavors, and levels of spiciness' is true.", 'It is rational to agree that dinosaurs are now extinct.']
|
Whenever it is true that dinosaurs are now extinct, 'different curries have different colors, flavors, and levels of spiciness' is true. It is rational to agree that dinosaurs are now extinct.
|
Those that suggest different curries have different colors, flavors, and levels of spiciness are right.
|
Those that suggest different curries have different colors, flavors, and levels of spiciness are right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Different curries have different colors, flavors, and levels of spiciness.', 1: 'Dinosaurs are now extinct.'}
| 1 |
437 |
['At least one of two things is true: either charts are maps or lakes provide fishing for bass, bream, speckled perch, and catfish, or the claim that homeowner associations are permanent organizations with dedicated sources of funding does not correspond with reality.', "The statement that 'either charts are maps or lakes provide fishing for bass, bream, speckled perch, and catfish' is incorrect."]
|
At least one of two things is true: either charts are maps or lakes provide fishing for bass, bream, speckled perch, and catfish, or the claim that homeowner associations are permanent organizations with dedicated sources of funding does not correspond with reality. The statement that 'either charts are maps or lakes provide fishing for bass, bream, speckled perch, and catfish' is incorrect.
|
The claim that homeowner associations are permanent organizations with dedicated sources of funding does not correspond with reality.
|
It is rational to agree that homeowner associations are permanent organizations with dedicated sources of funding.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Homeowner associations are permanent organizations with dedicated sources of funding.', 1: 'Charts are maps.', 2: 'Lakes provide fishing for bass, bream, speckled perch, and catfish.'}
| 1 |
563 |
['One may reasonably assume that if some carnivorous animals eat other animals, then most birds show growth.', 'We can assume that some carnivorous animals eat other animals.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if some carnivorous animals eat other animals, then most birds show growth. We can assume that some carnivorous animals eat other animals.
|
most birds show growth.
|
Most birds show growth.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most birds show growth.', 1: 'Some carnivorous animals eat other animals.'}
| 1 |
720 |
['Assuming the claim that some fowl lives in parks does not correspond with reality, we know that people are chefs.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that some fowl lives in parks does not correspond with reality, then it is not the case that people are chefs.']
|
Assuming the claim that some fowl lives in parks does not correspond with reality, we know that people are chefs. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that some fowl lives in parks does not correspond with reality, then it is not the case that people are chefs.
|
It is the case that some fowl lives in parks.
|
It is the case that some fowl lives in parks.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some fowl lives in parks.', 1: 'People are chefs.'}
| 1 |
890 |
['Assuming either most snakes eat rodents, frogs, insects, or other snakes or forms of address vary among cultures, we know that if turtles become adults, then cooking is essential to make food palatable.', 'The statement, if turtles become adults, then cooking is essential to make food palatable, does not hold.']
|
Assuming either most snakes eat rodents, frogs, insects, or other snakes or forms of address vary among cultures, we know that if turtles become adults, then cooking is essential to make food palatable. The statement, if turtles become adults, then cooking is essential to make food palatable, does not hold.
|
The statement, either most snakes eat rodents, frogs, insects, or other snakes or forms of address vary among cultures, does not hold.
|
The statement, either most snakes eat rodents, frogs, insects, or other snakes or forms of address vary among cultures, does not hold.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most snakes eat rodents, frogs, insects, or other snakes.', 1: 'Forms of address vary among cultures.', 2: 'Turtles become adults.', 3: 'Cooking is essential to make food palatable.'}
| 1 |
219 |
['It is rational to believe that either if some crabs have one large claw and one small one, then filthy lucre is profits or cranes are highly vocal and have a large vocabulary of specialized calls .', 'It is not the case that if some crabs have one large claw and one small one, then filthy lucre is profits.']
|
It is rational to believe that either if some crabs have one large claw and one small one, then filthy lucre is profits or cranes are highly vocal and have a large vocabulary of specialized calls . It is not the case that if some crabs have one large claw and one small one, then filthy lucre is profits.
|
It is a simple truth that cranes are highly vocal and have a large vocabulary of specialized calls .
|
It is a simple truth that cranes are highly vocal and have a large vocabulary of specialized calls .
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [0].
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Cranes are highly vocal and have a large vocabulary of specialized calls .', 1: 'Some crabs have one large claw and one small one.', 2: 'Filthy lucre is profits.'}
| 1 |
678 |
['At least one of two things is true: body odour is caused by perspiration, or most provinces also have local provincial laboratories or hospitals which do some forensic work.', 'Provided that body odour is caused by perspiration, we know that mice give birth to mice.', 'When most provinces also have local provincial laboratories or hospitals which do some forensic work is true, it follows that mice give birth to mice.']
|
At least one of two things is true: body odour is caused by perspiration, or most provinces also have local provincial laboratories or hospitals which do some forensic work. Provided that body odour is caused by perspiration, we know that mice give birth to mice. When most provinces also have local provincial laboratories or hospitals which do some forensic work is true, it follows that mice give birth to mice.
|
The statement that states mice give birth to mice is right.
|
Those that suggest mice give birth to mice are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Mice give birth to mice.', 1: 'Body odour is caused by perspiration.', 2: 'Most provinces also have local provincial laboratories or hospitals which do some forensic work.'}
| 1 |
586 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: primary care gives expecting mothers free check ups regularly until the baby is born, or if older trees develop dead unsightly branches that require pruning, then most smallmouth bass has mouths.', "So long as primary care gives expecting mothers free check ups regularly until the baby is born, 'if nymphs are about the size of an aphid, then female guinea pigs have vaginal membranes' is true.", 'Should it be the case that if older trees develop dead unsightly branches that require pruning, then most smallmouth bass has mouths, it follows that if nymphs are about the size of an aphid, then female guinea pigs have vaginal membranes.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: primary care gives expecting mothers free check ups regularly until the baby is born, or if older trees develop dead unsightly branches that require pruning, then most smallmouth bass has mouths. So long as primary care gives expecting mothers free check ups regularly until the baby is born, 'if nymphs are about the size of an aphid, then female guinea pigs have vaginal membranes' is true. Should it be the case that if older trees develop dead unsightly branches that require pruning, then most smallmouth bass has mouths, it follows that if nymphs are about the size of an aphid, then female guinea pigs have vaginal membranes.
|
On the condition that nymphs are about the size of an aphid, it is definitely the case that female guinea pigs have vaginal membranes.
|
When nymphs are usually green with numerous black spots on their backs is true, it follows that female guinea pigs have vaginal membranes.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Nymphs are about the size of an aphid.', 1: 'Female guinea pigs have vaginal membranes.', 2: 'Primary care gives expecting mothers free check ups regularly until the baby is born.', 3: 'Older trees develop dead unsightly branches that require pruning.', 4: 'Most smallmouth bass has mouths.'}
| 1 |
282 |
["On the condition that the notion that 'atoms are very small , but the exact size changes depending on the element ' is untrue, it is definitely the case that vaccination is safe during pregnancy.", 'Some people mistakenly believe that vaccination is safe during pregnancy.']
|
On the condition that the notion that 'atoms are very small , but the exact size changes depending on the element ' is untrue, it is definitely the case that vaccination is safe during pregnancy. Some people mistakenly believe that vaccination is safe during pregnancy.
|
It is a simple truth that atoms are very small , but the exact size changes depending on the element .
|
It is a simple truth that atoms are very small , but the exact size changes depending on the element .
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Atoms are very small , but the exact size changes depending on the element .', 1: 'Vaccination is safe during pregnancy.'}
| 1 |
348 |
["So long as the statement that 'other organs respond to stimulation' is incorrect, 'rift valleys occur along extensional plate boundaries' is true.", 'The claim that rift valleys occur along extensional plate boundaries does not reflect reality.']
|
So long as the statement that 'other organs respond to stimulation' is incorrect, 'rift valleys occur along extensional plate boundaries' is true. The claim that rift valleys occur along extensional plate boundaries does not reflect reality.
|
It is fair to say that other organs respond to stimulation.
|
It is fair to say that other organs respond to stimulation.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Other organs respond to stimulation.', 1: 'Rift valleys occur along extensional plate boundaries.'}
| 1 |
686 |
['We know that either spiders require food or carbonization refers to the devolatilization of an organic feedstock to yield gas and char .', 'It is not true that spiders require food.']
|
We know that either spiders require food or carbonization refers to the devolatilization of an organic feedstock to yield gas and char . It is not true that spiders require food.
|
carbonization refers to the devolatilization of an organic feedstock to yield gas and char .
|
Carbonization is fractionation.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Carbonization refers to the devolatilization of an organic feedstock to yield gas and char .', 1: 'Spiders require food.'}
| 1 |
4 |
['We know that either icicles Investigate and explain the formation of icicles or wetlands are also critical for controlling floods.', "Whenever it is true that icicles Investigate and explain the formation of icicles, 'most mothers have strong muscles' is true.", 'When wetlands are also critical for controlling floods is true, it follows that most mothers have strong muscles.']
|
We know that either icicles Investigate and explain the formation of icicles or wetlands are also critical for controlling floods. Whenever it is true that icicles Investigate and explain the formation of icicles, 'most mothers have strong muscles' is true. When wetlands are also critical for controlling floods is true, it follows that most mothers have strong muscles.
|
Those that suggest most mothers have strong muscles are right.
|
Mother is a human being, capable of making mistakes.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most mothers have strong muscles.', 1: 'Icicles Investigate and explain the formation of icicles.', 2: 'Wetlands are also critical for controlling floods.'}
| 1 |
995 |
["Whenever it is true that some flippers are part of smallmouths, 'if a white line is a reference, then unspecialized cells are the only ones that are naturally vulnerable to cancer' is true.", 'Assuming some flippers are part of smallmouths, we know that it is not true that if a white line is a reference, then unspecialized cells are the only ones that are naturally vulnerable to cancer.']
|
Whenever it is true that some flippers are part of smallmouths, 'if a white line is a reference, then unspecialized cells are the only ones that are naturally vulnerable to cancer' is true. Assuming some flippers are part of smallmouths, we know that it is not true that if a white line is a reference, then unspecialized cells are the only ones that are naturally vulnerable to cancer.
|
The claim that some flippers are part of smallmouths does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that some flippers are part of smallmouths is true.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then (If [1], then [2].).
If [0], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Some flippers are part of smallmouths.', 1: 'A white line is a reference.', 2: 'Unspecialized cells are the only ones that are naturally vulnerable to cancer.'}
| 1 |
463 |
['When polluted air can burn eyes, irritate throats and affect breathing is true, it follows that it is not true that either most states have laws permitting a certain number of excused absences for religious holidays or some immune cells are more sensitive than others.', 'Those that suggest polluted air can burn eyes, irritate throats and affect breathing are right.']
|
When polluted air can burn eyes, irritate throats and affect breathing is true, it follows that it is not true that either most states have laws permitting a certain number of excused absences for religious holidays or some immune cells are more sensitive than others. Those that suggest polluted air can burn eyes, irritate throats and affect breathing are right.
|
It is not true that either most states have laws permitting a certain number of excused absences for religious holidays or some immune cells are more sensitive than others.
|
It is not true that either most states have laws permitting a certain number of excused absences for religious holidays or some immune cells are more sensitive than others.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
[2]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most states have laws permitting a certain number of excused absences for religious holidays.', 1: 'Some immune cells are more sensitive than others.', 2: 'Polluted air can burn eyes, irritate throats and affect breathing.'}
| 1 |
776 |
["So long as music is a form of entertainment that people listen to every day, 'entrepreneurial firms operate in markets of low complexity, but high equivocality' is true.", 'The idea that music is a form of entertainment that people listen to every day is true.']
|
So long as music is a form of entertainment that people listen to every day, 'entrepreneurial firms operate in markets of low complexity, but high equivocality' is true. The idea that music is a form of entertainment that people listen to every day is true.
|
It is rational to agree that entrepreneurial firms operate in markets of low complexity, but high equivocality.
|
It is rational to agree that entrepreneurial firms operate in markets of low complexity, but high equivocality.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Entrepreneurial firms operate in markets of low complexity, but high equivocality.', 1: 'Music is a form of entertainment that people listen to every day.'}
| 1 |
682 |
['It is rational to believe that either if convection currents carry moisture upwards, which quickly recondenses to form fog, then some surfaces draw water or if tax cuts are cuts, then examples challenge theories.', 'Given that if convection currents carry moisture upwards, which quickly recondenses to form fog, then some surfaces draw water, it can be inferred that either individuals lead healthy life or women have higher estrogen levels compared to men, helping lower their risk of heart attacks.', 'Once we know if tax cuts are cuts, then examples challenge theories, we also know that either individuals lead healthy life or women have higher estrogen levels compared to men, helping lower their risk of heart attacks.']
|
It is rational to believe that either if convection currents carry moisture upwards, which quickly recondenses to form fog, then some surfaces draw water or if tax cuts are cuts, then examples challenge theories. Given that if convection currents carry moisture upwards, which quickly recondenses to form fog, then some surfaces draw water, it can be inferred that either individuals lead healthy life or women have higher estrogen levels compared to men, helping lower their risk of heart attacks. Once we know if tax cuts are cuts, then examples challenge theories, we also know that either individuals lead healthy life or women have higher estrogen levels compared to men, helping lower their risk of heart attacks.
|
Either individuals lead healthy life or women have higher estrogen levels compared to men, helping lower their risk of heart attacks.
|
Either some individuals suffering from hiatal hernia experience heartburn regularly or most women involved in charity work develop leadership skills.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (If [4], then [5].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Individuals lead healthy life.', 1: 'Women have higher estrogen levels compared to men, helping lower their risk of heart attacks.', 2: 'Convection currents carry moisture upwards, which quickly recondenses to form fog.', 3: 'Some surfaces draw water.', 4: 'Tax cuts are cuts.', 5: 'Examples challenge theories.'}
| 1 |
879 |
['On the condition that either mammals also alter soil structure or manatees are gentle creatures that enjoy being patted and pet by humans, it is definitely the case that either some people are mediums they have the ability to communicate or customs are general or particular customs.', 'Provided that either mammals also alter soil structure or manatees are gentle creatures that enjoy being patted and pet by humans, we know that some people mistakenly believe that either some people are mediums they have the ability to communicate or customs are general or particular customs.']
|
On the condition that either mammals also alter soil structure or manatees are gentle creatures that enjoy being patted and pet by humans, it is definitely the case that either some people are mediums they have the ability to communicate or customs are general or particular customs. Provided that either mammals also alter soil structure or manatees are gentle creatures that enjoy being patted and pet by humans, we know that some people mistakenly believe that either some people are mediums they have the ability to communicate or customs are general or particular customs.
|
The claim that either mammals also alter soil structure or manatees are gentle creatures that enjoy being patted and pet by humans is false.
|
The claim that most mammals have backs does not correspond with reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Mammals also alter soil structure.', 1: 'Manatees are gentle creatures that enjoy being patted and pet by humans.', 2: 'Some people are mediums they have the ability to communicate .', 3: 'Customs are general or particular customs.'}
| 1 |
517 |
["Provided that african elephants have ribs, we know that the statement that 'most animals have a huge skin and gut fauna of protozoa and bacteria' is incorrect.", 'Many people rightly believe that african elephants have ribs.']
|
Provided that african elephants have ribs, we know that the statement that 'most animals have a huge skin and gut fauna of protozoa and bacteria' is incorrect. Many people rightly believe that african elephants have ribs.
|
The statement that 'most animals have a huge skin and gut fauna of protozoa and bacteria' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'most animals have a huge skin and gut fauna of protozoa and bacteria' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most animals have a huge skin and gut fauna of protozoa and bacteria.', 1: 'African elephants have ribs.'}
| 1 |
573 |
['Given that students assist researchers, it can be inferred that some people choose to undergo plastic surgery to improve the appearance of their skin.', 'Many people rightly believe that students assist researchers.']
|
Given that students assist researchers, it can be inferred that some people choose to undergo plastic surgery to improve the appearance of their skin. Many people rightly believe that students assist researchers.
|
Those that suggest some people choose to undergo plastic surgery to improve the appearance of their skin are right.
|
Those that suggest some people choose to undergo plastic surgery to improve the appearance of their skin are right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some people choose to undergo plastic surgery to improve the appearance of their skin.', 1: 'Students assist researchers.'}
| 1 |
793 |
['Given that it is not true that greenhouses are another sure-fire way to mimic the preferred habitat of ginger, it can be inferred that otters are carnivores.', 'It is not true that otters are carnivores.']
|
Given that it is not true that greenhouses are another sure-fire way to mimic the preferred habitat of ginger, it can be inferred that otters are carnivores. It is not true that otters are carnivores.
|
It is true that greenhouses are another sure-fire way to mimic the preferred habitat of ginger.
|
It is true that greenhouses are another sure-fire way to mimic the preferred habitat of ginger.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Greenhouses are another sure-fire way to mimic the preferred habitat of ginger.', 1: 'Otters are carnivores.'}
| 1 |
893 |
['Either either kidney failure can result in severe cases or businessmans are male animals or voles have (part) chests.', "The statement 'either kidney failure can result in severe cases or businessmans are male animals' can be considered false."]
|
Either either kidney failure can result in severe cases or businessmans are male animals or voles have (part) chests. The statement 'either kidney failure can result in severe cases or businessmans are male animals' can be considered false.
|
It is rational to agree that voles have (part) chests.
|
Voles have (part) brains.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Voles have (part) chests.', 1: 'Kidney failure can result in severe cases.', 2: 'Businessmans are male animals.'}
| 1 |
534 |
['If some women have blood pressure, then the statement that states ordinary living requires the many sides of an individual to be present at the same time is false.', 'The idea that some women have blood pressure is true.']
|
If some women have blood pressure, then the statement that states ordinary living requires the many sides of an individual to be present at the same time is false. The idea that some women have blood pressure is true.
|
The statement that states ordinary living requires the many sides of an individual to be present at the same time is false.
|
The statement that states ordinary living requires the many sides of an individual to be present at the same time is false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Ordinary living requires the many sides of an individual to be present at the same time.', 1: 'Some women have blood pressure.'}
| 1 |
903 |
['It is rational to believe that either either loudspeakers are actual emitters or hormones are powerful chemicals that control or influence particular functions of the body or temperature fluctuates dramatically, becoming the major weathering factor.', "So long as either loudspeakers are actual emitters or hormones are powerful chemicals that control or influence particular functions of the body, 'either time is a result of linear beliefs or elephants can t jump' is true.", 'Given that temperature fluctuates dramatically, becoming the major weathering factor, it can be inferred that either time is a result of linear beliefs or elephants can t jump.']
|
It is rational to believe that either either loudspeakers are actual emitters or hormones are powerful chemicals that control or influence particular functions of the body or temperature fluctuates dramatically, becoming the major weathering factor. So long as either loudspeakers are actual emitters or hormones are powerful chemicals that control or influence particular functions of the body, 'either time is a result of linear beliefs or elephants can t jump' is true. Given that temperature fluctuates dramatically, becoming the major weathering factor, it can be inferred that either time is a result of linear beliefs or elephants can t jump.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: time is a result of linear beliefs, or elephants can t jump.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: time is the one inarguably non-renewable resource that is required for any experience of life, or some elephants carry people.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
If [4], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Time is a result of linear beliefs.', 1: 'Elephants can t jump.', 2: 'Loudspeakers are actual emitters.', 3: 'Hormones are powerful chemicals that control or influence particular functions of the body.', 4: 'Temperature fluctuates dramatically, becoming the major weathering factor.'}
| 1 |
276 |
['There is good reason to believe that either double stars are very useful in enabling astronomers to gauge the masses of stars or hypertension is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke.', 'Provided that double stars are very useful in enabling astronomers to gauge the masses of stars, we know that oxygen enters the lungs, then passes through the alveoli and into the blood.', 'One may reasonably assume that if hypertension is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke, then oxygen enters the lungs, then passes through the alveoli and into the blood.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either double stars are very useful in enabling astronomers to gauge the masses of stars or hypertension is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke. Provided that double stars are very useful in enabling astronomers to gauge the masses of stars, we know that oxygen enters the lungs, then passes through the alveoli and into the blood. One may reasonably assume that if hypertension is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke, then oxygen enters the lungs, then passes through the alveoli and into the blood.
|
Those that suggest oxygen enters the lungs, then passes through the alveoli and into the blood are right.
|
Oxygen moves into the pile primarily by diffusion.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Oxygen enters the lungs, then passes through the alveoli and into the blood.', 1: 'Double stars are very useful in enabling astronomers to gauge the masses of stars.', 2: 'Hypertension is a leading cause of heart disease and stroke.'}
| 1 |
284 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: either coelacanths reach adulthood or cremation is a respectful way to deal with the dead, or a narcissus is a bulbous plant.', 'The claim that either coelacanths reach adulthood or cremation is a respectful way to deal with the dead does not correspond with reality.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: either coelacanths reach adulthood or cremation is a respectful way to deal with the dead, or a narcissus is a bulbous plant. The claim that either coelacanths reach adulthood or cremation is a respectful way to deal with the dead does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement that states a narcissus is a bulbous plant is right.
|
The statement that states a narcissus is a bulbous plant is right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'A narcissus is a bulbous plant.', 1: 'Coelacanths reach adulthood.', 2: 'Cremation is a respectful way to deal with the dead.'}
| 1 |
470 |
["At least one of two things is true: either dense shade indicates a dense overhead canopy of trees or deposition is when the air pollution hits the earth's surface, or either wetted perimeter refers to the wetted length of bed and bank or joule isa unit.", "It is not the case that either dense shade indicates a dense overhead canopy of trees or deposition is when the air pollution hits the earth's surface."]
|
At least one of two things is true: either dense shade indicates a dense overhead canopy of trees or deposition is when the air pollution hits the earth's surface, or either wetted perimeter refers to the wetted length of bed and bank or joule isa unit. It is not the case that either dense shade indicates a dense overhead canopy of trees or deposition is when the air pollution hits the earth's surface.
|
It is a fact that either wetted perimeter refers to the wetted length of bed and bank or joule isa unit.
|
It is a fact that either wetted perimeter refers to the wetted length of bed and bank or joule isa unit.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (Either [0] or [1].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Wetted perimeter refers to the wetted length of bed and bank.', 1: 'Joule isa unit.', 2: 'Dense shade indicates a dense overhead canopy of trees.', 3: "Deposition is when the air pollution hits the earth's surface."}
| 1 |
426 |
['Given that the claim that if veal is beef, then plasma is gases is false, it can be inferred that population size is dependent upon food supply.', 'Provided that the claim that if veal is beef, then plasma is gases is false, we know that the claim that population size is dependent upon food supply has no merit.']
|
Given that the claim that if veal is beef, then plasma is gases is false, it can be inferred that population size is dependent upon food supply. Provided that the claim that if veal is beef, then plasma is gases is false, we know that the claim that population size is dependent upon food supply has no merit.
|
If veal is beef, then plasma is gases.
|
So long as veal is beef, 'plasma contains almost equal numbers of free electrons and positive ions' is true.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Veal is beef.', 1: 'Plasma is gases.', 2: 'Population size is dependent upon food supply.'}
| 1 |
281 |
['It is rational to believe that either asian elephants have small ears and only the males have tusks or social democracy is the extensive delivery of income, goods and services by the state.', 'Given that asian elephants have small ears and only the males have tusks, it can be inferred that hollandaise sauce is the supreme essence of gastronomy.', 'One may reasonably assume that if social democracy is the extensive delivery of income, goods and services by the state, then hollandaise sauce is the supreme essence of gastronomy.']
|
It is rational to believe that either asian elephants have small ears and only the males have tusks or social democracy is the extensive delivery of income, goods and services by the state. Given that asian elephants have small ears and only the males have tusks, it can be inferred that hollandaise sauce is the supreme essence of gastronomy. One may reasonably assume that if social democracy is the extensive delivery of income, goods and services by the state, then hollandaise sauce is the supreme essence of gastronomy.
|
The claim that hollandaise sauce is the supreme essence of gastronomy holds true.
|
Hollandaise sauce is a classic for cooked artichokes.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Hollandaise sauce is the supreme essence of gastronomy.', 1: 'Asian elephants have small ears and only the males have tusks.', 2: 'Social democracy is the extensive delivery of income, goods and services by the state.'}
| 1 |
120 |
['Should it be the case that it is not true that if many factors affect health, then blogs are diaries, it follows that different interactions affect different particles.', 'The statement, different interactions affect different particles, does not hold.']
|
Should it be the case that it is not true that if many factors affect health, then blogs are diaries, it follows that different interactions affect different particles. The statement, different interactions affect different particles, does not hold.
|
Provided that many factors affect health, we know that blogs are diaries
|
Provided that factors include conditions, we know that blogs are diaries
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Many factors affect health.', 1: 'Blogs are diaries.', 2: 'Different interactions affect different particles.'}
| 1 |
593 |
['Provided that most male orangutans possess cheek pads, we know that most snakes wait for prey.', 'On the condition that most male orangutans possess cheek pads, it is definitely the case that the claim that most snakes wait for prey does not correspond with reality.']
|
Provided that most male orangutans possess cheek pads, we know that most snakes wait for prey. On the condition that most male orangutans possess cheek pads, it is definitely the case that the claim that most snakes wait for prey does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that most male orangutans possess cheek pads does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that most male orangutans possess cheek pads does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most male orangutans possess cheek pads.', 1: 'Most snakes wait for prey.'}
| 1 |
981 |
['Provided that the claim that some ants destroy plants has no merit, we know that if some cactus fruit attracts birds, then wrens have backs.', 'Provided that the claim that some ants destroy plants has no merit, we know that the claim that if some cactus fruit attracts birds, then wrens have backs does not reflect reality.']
|
Provided that the claim that some ants destroy plants has no merit, we know that if some cactus fruit attracts birds, then wrens have backs. Provided that the claim that some ants destroy plants has no merit, we know that the claim that if some cactus fruit attracts birds, then wrens have backs does not reflect reality.
|
It is reasonable to believe that some ants destroy plants.
|
It is not true that some ants destroy plants.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Some ants destroy plants.', 1: 'Some cactus fruit attracts birds.', 2: 'Wrens have backs.'}
| 1 |
13 |
['Once we know either some front flippers have strong claws or sex is understood as unaffected by outside culture, we also know that creative labor is craft labor.', "The statement 'creative labor is craft labor' can be considered false."]
|
Once we know either some front flippers have strong claws or sex is understood as unaffected by outside culture, we also know that creative labor is craft labor. The statement 'creative labor is craft labor' can be considered false.
|
It is not true that either some front flippers have strong claws or sex is understood as unaffected by outside culture.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: some front flippers have strong claws, or sex is understood as unaffected by outside culture.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Some front flippers have strong claws.', 1: 'Sex is understood as unaffected by outside culture.', 2: 'Creative labor is craft labor.'}
| 1 |
655 |
["We know that either either chlorine has a tendency to gain one electron or dance is the expression and communication of feeling or the statement that 'some plants bear fruit' is incorrect.", 'The claim that either chlorine has a tendency to gain one electron or dance is the expression and communication of feeling is false.']
|
We know that either either chlorine has a tendency to gain one electron or dance is the expression and communication of feeling or the statement that 'some plants bear fruit' is incorrect. The claim that either chlorine has a tendency to gain one electron or dance is the expression and communication of feeling is false.
|
The statement that 'some plants bear fruit' is incorrect.
|
The statement that 'some plants bear fruit' is incorrect.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Some plants bear fruit.', 1: 'Chlorine has a tendency to gain one electron.', 2: 'Dance is the expression and communication of feeling.'}
| 1 |
455 |
["Whenever it is true that raptors have tongues, 'maras have (part) brains' is true.", 'If raptors have tongues, then some people mistakenly believe that maras have (part) brains.']
|
Whenever it is true that raptors have tongues, 'maras have (part) brains' is true. If raptors have tongues, then some people mistakenly believe that maras have (part) brains.
|
The statement 'raptors have tongues' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'raptors have the most developed hearing in the avian world' can be considered false.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Raptors have tongues.', 1: 'Maras have (part) brains.'}
| 1 |
584 |
['If some torque is generated by external magnetic fields, then the claim that love is love, and love is never to be taken for granted or belittled is false.', 'The claim that some torque is generated by external magnetic fields holds true.']
|
If some torque is generated by external magnetic fields, then the claim that love is love, and love is never to be taken for granted or belittled is false. The claim that some torque is generated by external magnetic fields holds true.
|
The claim that love is love, and love is never to be taken for granted or belittled is false.
|
It is not the case that love has a vast spectrum in which it is active.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Love is love, and love is never to be taken for granted or belittled.', 1: 'Some torque is generated by external magnetic fields.'}
| 1 |
955 |
['On the condition that it is not the case that raelian religion supports human cloning, it is definitely the case that vision involves the nervous system, brain, eyes and body.', "The statement 'vision involves the nervous system, brain, eyes and body' can be considered false."]
|
On the condition that it is not the case that raelian religion supports human cloning, it is definitely the case that vision involves the nervous system, brain, eyes and body. The statement 'vision involves the nervous system, brain, eyes and body' can be considered false.
|
The claim that raelian religion supports human cloning holds true.
|
It is a common misconception that raelian religion supports human cloning.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Raelian religion supports human cloning.', 1: 'Vision involves the nervous system, brain, eyes and body.'}
| 1 |
160 |
['Either english daisies have flowers or sea bass is sauteed in stock fortified with sake that gives the fish a sweet zing.', 'Assuming english daisies have flowers, we know that urinary incontinence becomes more common as people get older.', 'On the condition that sea bass is sauteed in stock fortified with sake that gives the fish a sweet zing, it is definitely the case that urinary incontinence becomes more common as people get older.']
|
Either english daisies have flowers or sea bass is sauteed in stock fortified with sake that gives the fish a sweet zing. Assuming english daisies have flowers, we know that urinary incontinence becomes more common as people get older. On the condition that sea bass is sauteed in stock fortified with sake that gives the fish a sweet zing, it is definitely the case that urinary incontinence becomes more common as people get older.
|
The statement that states urinary incontinence becomes more common as people get older is right.
|
It is not true that urinary incontinence becomes more common as people get older.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Urinary incontinence becomes more common as people get older.', 1: 'English daisies have flowers.', 2: 'Sea bass is sauteed in stock fortified with sake that gives the fish a sweet zing.'}
| 1 |
977 |
['When subtleties are difficulty is true, it follows that either early spring is also a good time to plant summer bulbs and bulb-like plants or texture affects color.', 'subtleties are difficulty.']
|
When subtleties are difficulty is true, it follows that either early spring is also a good time to plant summer bulbs and bulb-like plants or texture affects color. subtleties are difficulty.
|
There is good reason to believe that either early spring is also a good time to plant summer bulbs and bulb-like plants or texture affects color.
|
There is good reason to believe that either early spring is also a good time to plant summer bulbs and bulb-like plants or texture affects color.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Early spring is also a good time to plant summer bulbs and bulb-like plants.', 1: 'Texture affects color.', 2: 'Subtleties are difficulty.'}
| 1 |
973 |
['Assuming a boffin is an investigator, we know that money is the other resource that most families feel is in short supply.', "The statement 'a boffin is an investigator' can be considered true."]
|
Assuming a boffin is an investigator, we know that money is the other resource that most families feel is in short supply. The statement 'a boffin is an investigator' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'money is the other resource that most families feel is in short supply' is true.
|
The statement 'money is the other resource that most families feel is in short supply' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Money is the other resource that most families feel is in short supply.', 1: 'A boffin is an investigator.'}
| 1 |
715 |
["Assuming antibiotics pass from the mother's blood stream through the placenta to the infant, we know that most diets consist of foliage.", "It is fair to say that antibiotics pass from the mother's blood stream through the placenta to the infant."]
|
Assuming antibiotics pass from the mother's blood stream through the placenta to the infant, we know that most diets consist of foliage. It is fair to say that antibiotics pass from the mother's blood stream through the placenta to the infant.
|
Many people rightly believe that most diets consist of foliage.
|
It is not the case that most diets consist of foliage.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Most diets consist of foliage.', 1: "Antibiotics pass from the mother's blood stream through the placenta to the infant."}
| 1 |
744 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: vertebrates are animals with backbones, such as frogs, snakes, elephants and humans, or if most lizards eat scorpions, then bears live on different continents.', 'Should it be the case that vertebrates are animals with backbones, such as frogs, snakes, elephants and humans, it follows that either pyroclastic flows originate from explosive fragmentation of volatile-rich magma or acid rain is only a problem in urban areas.', 'If if most lizards eat scorpions, then bears live on different continents, then either pyroclastic flows originate from explosive fragmentation of volatile-rich magma or acid rain is only a problem in urban areas.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: vertebrates are animals with backbones, such as frogs, snakes, elephants and humans, or if most lizards eat scorpions, then bears live on different continents. Should it be the case that vertebrates are animals with backbones, such as frogs, snakes, elephants and humans, it follows that either pyroclastic flows originate from explosive fragmentation of volatile-rich magma or acid rain is only a problem in urban areas. If if most lizards eat scorpions, then bears live on different continents, then either pyroclastic flows originate from explosive fragmentation of volatile-rich magma or acid rain is only a problem in urban areas.
|
At least one of two things is true: pyroclastic flows originate from explosive fragmentation of volatile-rich magma, or acid rain is only a problem in urban areas.
|
At least one of two things is true: pyroclastic flows originate from explosive fragmentation of volatile-rich magma, or acid rain is only a problem in urban areas.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'Pyroclastic flows originate from explosive fragmentation of volatile-rich magma.', 1: 'Acid rain is only a problem in urban areas.', 2: 'Vertebrates are animals with backbones, such as frogs, snakes, elephants and humans.', 3: 'Most lizards eat scorpions.', 4: 'Bears live on different continents.'}
| 1 |
195 |
['On the condition that the statement that states sheep follow sheep is false, it is definitely the case that rip currents are most common when it is windy.', 'The claim that rip currents are most common when it is windy does not reflect reality.']
|
On the condition that the statement that states sheep follow sheep is false, it is definitely the case that rip currents are most common when it is windy. The claim that rip currents are most common when it is windy does not reflect reality.
|
Many people rightly believe that sheep follow sheep.
|
Sheep have (part) ears.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Sheep follow sheep.', 1: 'Rip currents are most common when it is windy.'}
| 1 |
191 |
['It is rational to believe that either if many animals are most active at sunset, then camels can go for long distances without food or water or it is not true that blood clots can form or lodge in a narrowed artery.', 'The statement that states if many animals are most active at sunset, then camels can go for long distances without food or water is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either if many animals are most active at sunset, then camels can go for long distances without food or water or it is not true that blood clots can form or lodge in a narrowed artery. The statement that states if many animals are most active at sunset, then camels can go for long distances without food or water is false.
|
It is not true that blood clots can form or lodge in a narrowed artery.
|
It is a simple truth that blood clots can form or lodge in a narrowed artery.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or (Not [0].).
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Blood clots can form or lodge in a narrowed artery.', 1: 'Many animals are most active at sunset.', 2: 'Camels can go for long distances without food or water.'}
| 1 |
628 |
['When floaters are voters is true, it follows that bacteremia is basically a showering of bacteria into the bloodstream.', "The statement 'floaters are voters' can be considered true."]
|
When floaters are voters is true, it follows that bacteremia is basically a showering of bacteria into the bloodstream. The statement 'floaters are voters' can be considered true.
|
The idea that bacteremia is basically a showering of bacteria into the bloodstream is true.
|
The idea that bacteremia is basically a showering of bacteria into the bloodstream is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Bacteremia is basically a showering of bacteria into the bloodstream.', 1: 'Floaters are voters.'}
| 1 |
536 |
['On the condition that fibrous roots are primarily responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil, it is definitely the case that today there is a trend to redirect our thinking and to focus on wellness instead of illness.', 'The statement, today there is a trend to redirect our thinking and to focus on wellness instead of illness, does not hold.']
|
On the condition that fibrous roots are primarily responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil, it is definitely the case that today there is a trend to redirect our thinking and to focus on wellness instead of illness. The statement, today there is a trend to redirect our thinking and to focus on wellness instead of illness, does not hold.
|
The claim that fibrous roots are primarily responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil does not reflect reality.
|
The statement 'fibrous roots are primarily responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil' is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Fibrous roots are primarily responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.', 1: 'Today there is a trend to redirect our thinking and to focus on wellness instead of illness.'}
| 1 |
880 |
['Provided that the claim that roosters are male animals has no merit, we know that endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the United States.', 'It is a common misconception that endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the United States.']
|
Provided that the claim that roosters are male animals has no merit, we know that endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the United States. It is a common misconception that endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the United States.
|
We can assume that roosters are male animals.
|
We can assume that roosters are male animals.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Roosters are male animals.', 1: 'Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in the United States.'}
| 1 |
164 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: nature kills for food, or it is not true that koalas rely on claws.', 'The claim that nature kills for food does not correspond with reality.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: nature kills for food, or it is not true that koalas rely on claws. The claim that nature kills for food does not correspond with reality.
|
It is not true that koalas rely on claws.
|
We can assume that koalas rely on claws.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Koalas rely on claws.', 1: 'Nature kills for food.'}
| 1 |
106 |
['It is a fact that either rattings are switching or rotenone is restricted in some states and is toxic to birds, fish, and honeybees.', 'Given that rattings are switching, it can be inferred that motivation is the act of providing incentive as an incitement to action.', 'Once we know rotenone is restricted in some states and is toxic to birds, fish, and honeybees, we also know that motivation is the act of providing incentive as an incitement to action.']
|
It is a fact that either rattings are switching or rotenone is restricted in some states and is toxic to birds, fish, and honeybees. Given that rattings are switching, it can be inferred that motivation is the act of providing incentive as an incitement to action. Once we know rotenone is restricted in some states and is toxic to birds, fish, and honeybees, we also know that motivation is the act of providing incentive as an incitement to action.
|
It is fair to say that motivation is the act of providing incentive as an incitement to action.
|
It is fair to say that motivation is the act of providing incentive as an incitement to action.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Motivation is the act of providing incentive as an incitement to action.', 1: 'Rattings are switching.', 2: 'Rotenone is restricted in some states and is toxic to birds, fish, and honeybees.'}
| 1 |
16 |
['One may reasonably assume that if children tend to mimic how their parents respond in stressful situations, then feminism is an experiment in social change.', "The statement 'children tend to mimic how their parents respond in stressful situations' is true."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if children tend to mimic how their parents respond in stressful situations, then feminism is an experiment in social change. The statement 'children tend to mimic how their parents respond in stressful situations' is true.
|
We can assume that feminism is an experiment in social change.
|
The notion that 'feminism is an experiment in social change' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Feminism is an experiment in social change.', 1: 'Children tend to mimic how their parents respond in stressful situations.'}
| 1 |
575 |
['Should it be the case that ice cubes are made by filling a tray with water and putting it in a freezer, it follows that the statement that states some states have the death penalty is false.', 'It is fair to say that ice cubes are made by filling a tray with water and putting it in a freezer.']
|
Should it be the case that ice cubes are made by filling a tray with water and putting it in a freezer, it follows that the statement that states some states have the death penalty is false. It is fair to say that ice cubes are made by filling a tray with water and putting it in a freezer.
|
The statement that states some states have the death penalty is false.
|
The statement 'most states have laws that provide for a share of estate property to go to such children' can be considered false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Some states have the death penalty.', 1: 'Ice cubes are made by filling a tray with water and putting it in a freezer.'}
| 1 |
925 |
['On the condition that the claim that anejo cheese is somewhat like Parmesan, dry and crumbly does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that if holistic medicine is the perspective of looking at the whole individual, then statistical indicators provide a framework for good governance.', 'Those that suggest if holistic medicine is the perspective of looking at the whole individual, then statistical indicators provide a framework for good governance are wrong.']
|
On the condition that the claim that anejo cheese is somewhat like Parmesan, dry and crumbly does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that if holistic medicine is the perspective of looking at the whole individual, then statistical indicators provide a framework for good governance. Those that suggest if holistic medicine is the perspective of looking at the whole individual, then statistical indicators provide a framework for good governance are wrong.
|
It is the case that anejo cheese is somewhat like Parmesan, dry and crumbly.
|
Fidelity is accuracy.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Anejo cheese is somewhat like Parmesan, dry and crumbly.', 1: 'Holistic medicine is the perspective of looking at the whole individual.', 2: 'Statistical indicators provide a framework for good governance.'}
| 1 |
712 |
['Should it be the case that most enzymes dissolve skin, it follows that airheads are earthy people who like to camp.', 'It is not true that airheads are earthy people who like to camp.']
|
Should it be the case that most enzymes dissolve skin, it follows that airheads are earthy people who like to camp. It is not true that airheads are earthy people who like to camp.
|
The claim that most enzymes dissolve skin does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that most enzymes dissolve skin does not correspond with reality.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Most enzymes dissolve skin.', 1: 'Airheads are earthy people who like to camp.'}
| 1 |
540 |
['It is a fact that either if oaks are important to wildlife species for both cover and food, then scientists have interest or oats are more tolerant of wet soil than is barley, but require more moisture.', "So long as if oaks are important to wildlife species for both cover and food, then scientists have interest, 'civilian police play an important role in the transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding' is true.", 'If oats are more tolerant of wet soil than is barley, but require more moisture, then civilian police play an important role in the transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding.']
|
It is a fact that either if oaks are important to wildlife species for both cover and food, then scientists have interest or oats are more tolerant of wet soil than is barley, but require more moisture. So long as if oaks are important to wildlife species for both cover and food, then scientists have interest, 'civilian police play an important role in the transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding' is true. If oats are more tolerant of wet soil than is barley, but require more moisture, then civilian police play an important role in the transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding.
|
The statement 'civilian police play an important role in the transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding' can be considered true.
|
It is not true that civilian police play an important role in the transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Civilian police play an important role in the transition from peacekeeping to peacebuilding.', 1: 'Oaks are important to wildlife species for both cover and food.', 2: 'Scientists have interest.', 3: 'Oats are more tolerant of wet soil than is barley, but require more moisture.'}
| 1 |
329 |
['It is rational to believe that either overuse is development or some people mistakenly believe that tokens are symbols.', 'It is a common misconception that overuse is development.']
|
It is rational to believe that either overuse is development or some people mistakenly believe that tokens are symbols. It is a common misconception that overuse is development.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that tokens are symbols.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that tokens are symbols.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Tokens are symbols.', 1: 'Overuse is development.'}
| 1 |
480 |
['It is a fact that either either crystals are substances in which atoms are arranged in a regular, orderly, repeated pattern or particles originate from diverse sources, both natural and anthropogenic or most llamas have neck wool.', 'Given that either crystals are substances in which atoms are arranged in a regular, orderly, repeated pattern or particles originate from diverse sources, both natural and anthropogenic, it can be inferred that those that suggest if factors influence survival, then some frogs carry urine are wrong.', 'Provided that most llamas have neck wool, we know that those that suggest if factors influence survival, then some frogs carry urine are wrong.']
|
It is a fact that either either crystals are substances in which atoms are arranged in a regular, orderly, repeated pattern or particles originate from diverse sources, both natural and anthropogenic or most llamas have neck wool. Given that either crystals are substances in which atoms are arranged in a regular, orderly, repeated pattern or particles originate from diverse sources, both natural and anthropogenic, it can be inferred that those that suggest if factors influence survival, then some frogs carry urine are wrong. Provided that most llamas have neck wool, we know that those that suggest if factors influence survival, then some frogs carry urine are wrong.
|
Those that suggest if factors influence survival, then some frogs carry urine are wrong.
|
The statement 'many factors impact plant growth' can be considered false.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Factors influence survival.', 1: 'Some frogs carry urine.', 2: 'Crystals are substances in which atoms are arranged in a regular, orderly, repeated pattern.', 3: 'Particles originate from diverse sources, both natural and anthropogenic.', 4: 'Most llamas have neck wool.'}
| 1 |
498 |
['Provided that some studies report an increase in free radicals during and shortly after exercise, we know that fruit contains black seeds.', 'The claim that fruit contains black seeds is false.']
|
Provided that some studies report an increase in free radicals during and shortly after exercise, we know that fruit contains black seeds. The claim that fruit contains black seeds is false.
|
The claim that some studies report an increase in free radicals during and shortly after exercise is false.
|
Many people rightly believe that some studies report an increase in free radicals during and shortly after exercise.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Some studies report an increase in free radicals during and shortly after exercise.', 1: 'Fruit contains black seeds.'}
| 1 |
968 |
['Once we know the claim that either a virus is a microorganism or some people get tattoos and piercings to be individual or to make a fashion statement is false, we also know that some foxes avoid farmers.', 'It is not the case that some foxes avoid farmers.']
|
Once we know the claim that either a virus is a microorganism or some people get tattoos and piercings to be individual or to make a fashion statement is false, we also know that some foxes avoid farmers. It is not the case that some foxes avoid farmers.
|
It is rational to believe that either a virus is a microorganism or some people get tattoos and piercings to be individual or to make a fashion statement.
|
It is rational to believe that either a virus is a microorganism or some people get tattoos and piercings to be individual or to make a fashion statement.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
|
{0: 'A virus is a microorganism.', 1: 'Some people get tattoos and piercings to be individual or to make a fashion statement.', 2: 'Some foxes avoid farmers.'}
| 1 |
405 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: aborigines form the most oppressed section of the Australian working class, or those that suggest either simple sugars contain little or no nourishment, although they do provide energy or most mammals feed milk are wrong.', "The statement 'aborigines form the most oppressed section of the Australian working class' can be considered false."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: aborigines form the most oppressed section of the Australian working class, or those that suggest either simple sugars contain little or no nourishment, although they do provide energy or most mammals feed milk are wrong. The statement 'aborigines form the most oppressed section of the Australian working class' can be considered false.
|
Those that suggest either simple sugars contain little or no nourishment, although they do provide energy or most mammals feed milk are wrong.
|
The notion that 'simple sugars are a form of short term energy source used immediately by the body' is untrue.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Simple sugars contain little or no nourishment, although they do provide energy.', 1: 'Most mammals feed milk.', 2: 'Aborigines form the most oppressed section of the Australian working class.'}
| 1 |
743 |
['On the condition that either untreated hypertension can damage the kidneys and lead to stroke, heart attack, and heart failure or mockery is only holy mockery if employed by someone who is trembling at their own sin, it is definitely the case that badgers live in burrows.', 'Either untreated hypertension can damage the kidneys and lead to stroke, heart attack, and heart failure or mockery is only holy mockery if employed by someone who is trembling at their own sin.']
|
On the condition that either untreated hypertension can damage the kidneys and lead to stroke, heart attack, and heart failure or mockery is only holy mockery if employed by someone who is trembling at their own sin, it is definitely the case that badgers live in burrows. Either untreated hypertension can damage the kidneys and lead to stroke, heart attack, and heart failure or mockery is only holy mockery if employed by someone who is trembling at their own sin.
|
The statement that states badgers live in burrows is right.
|
The statement that states badgers live in burrows is right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Badgers live in burrows.', 1: 'Untreated hypertension can damage the kidneys and lead to stroke, heart attack, and heart failure.', 2: 'Mockery is only holy mockery if employed by someone who is trembling at their own sin.'}
| 1 |
93 |
['On the condition that skies are atmospheres, it is definitely the case that ocelots have legs.', 'The statement that states skies are atmospheres is right.']
|
On the condition that skies are atmospheres, it is definitely the case that ocelots have legs. The statement that states skies are atmospheres is right.
|
It is fair to say that ocelots have legs.
|
The notion that 'ocelots have legs' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Ocelots have legs.', 1: 'Skies are atmospheres.'}
| 1 |
433 |
['Should it be the case that the claim that more active sperm are generally more likely to succeed in fertilising an egg has no merit, it follows that marriage is a room in which there is no exit except the door that is marked Death.', 'Should it be the case that the claim that more active sperm are generally more likely to succeed in fertilising an egg has no merit, it follows that the claim that marriage is a room in which there is no exit except the door that is marked Death does not reflect reality.']
|
Should it be the case that the claim that more active sperm are generally more likely to succeed in fertilising an egg has no merit, it follows that marriage is a room in which there is no exit except the door that is marked Death. Should it be the case that the claim that more active sperm are generally more likely to succeed in fertilising an egg has no merit, it follows that the claim that marriage is a room in which there is no exit except the door that is marked Death does not reflect reality.
|
The statement 'more active sperm are generally more likely to succeed in fertilising an egg' can be considered true.
|
Clover leaves with three to nine leaflets, illustrating a tendency to mutate.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'More active sperm are generally more likely to succeed in fertilising an egg.', 1: 'Marriage is a room in which there is no exit except the door that is marked Death.'}
| 1 |
83 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: most skin contains vessels, or mothers have jobs.', 'Once we know most skin contains vessels, we also know that dolphins spend a large part of their day looking for food, or actually feeding.', 'Should it be the case that mothers have jobs, it follows that dolphins spend a large part of their day looking for food, or actually feeding.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: most skin contains vessels, or mothers have jobs. Once we know most skin contains vessels, we also know that dolphins spend a large part of their day looking for food, or actually feeding. Should it be the case that mothers have jobs, it follows that dolphins spend a large part of their day looking for food, or actually feeding.
|
It is fair to say that dolphins spend a large part of their day looking for food, or actually feeding.
|
Most dolphins have their young during the warm months of the year.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Dolphins spend a large part of their day looking for food, or actually feeding.', 1: 'Most skin contains vessels.', 2: 'Mothers have jobs.'}
| 1 |
843 |
["Whenever it is true that scientists classify organisms based on common physical characteristics, 'it is not true that rock music is a religion to many people' is true.", 'It is rational to agree that scientists classify organisms based on common physical characteristics.']
|
Whenever it is true that scientists classify organisms based on common physical characteristics, 'it is not true that rock music is a religion to many people' is true. It is rational to agree that scientists classify organisms based on common physical characteristics.
|
It is not true that rock music is a religion to many people.
|
The claim that rock music is a religion to many people holds true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Rock music is a religion to many people.', 1: 'Scientists classify organisms based on common physical characteristics.'}
| 1 |
914 |
['Once we know genetic testing is done to search for the locations of genes, we also know that either couch potato is an idler or ice hockeys are hockeys.', 'Given that either couch potato is an idler or ice hockeys are hockeys, it can be inferred that environmental temps affect the temperature gradient.']
|
Once we know genetic testing is done to search for the locations of genes, we also know that either couch potato is an idler or ice hockeys are hockeys. Given that either couch potato is an idler or ice hockeys are hockeys, it can be inferred that environmental temps affect the temperature gradient.
|
Assuming genetic testing is done to search for the locations of genes, we know that environmental temps affect the temperature gradient.
|
Assuming genetic testing is done to search for the locations of genes, we know that environmental temps affect the temperature gradient.
|
TRUE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Genetic testing is done to search for the locations of genes.', 1: 'Environmental temps affect the temperature gradient.', 2: 'Couch potato is an idler.', 3: 'Ice hockeys are hockeys.'}
| 1 |
657 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: brain fever is diffused heat from an inflamed cerebrum or cerebellum or their membranes, or every horse is of royal heritage.', "So long as brain fever is diffused heat from an inflamed cerebrum or cerebellum or their membranes, 'the statement that states either eclecticism means different things to different people or most manatees have high population density is false' is true.", 'Should it be the case that every horse is of royal heritage, it follows that the statement that states either eclecticism means different things to different people or most manatees have high population density is false.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: brain fever is diffused heat from an inflamed cerebrum or cerebellum or their membranes, or every horse is of royal heritage. So long as brain fever is diffused heat from an inflamed cerebrum or cerebellum or their membranes, 'the statement that states either eclecticism means different things to different people or most manatees have high population density is false' is true. Should it be the case that every horse is of royal heritage, it follows that the statement that states either eclecticism means different things to different people or most manatees have high population density is false.
|
The statement that states either eclecticism means different things to different people or most manatees have high population density is false.
|
The statement that states either eclecticism means different things to different people or most manatees have high population density is false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [3], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Eclecticism means different things to different people.', 1: 'Most manatees have high population density.', 2: 'Brain fever is diffused heat from an inflamed cerebrum or cerebellum or their membranes.', 3: 'Every horse is of royal heritage.'}
| 1 |
414 |
['Provided that we know that the claim that hybrids can also form when two varieties interbreed is false, we know that either dirt floors are common in highlands houses or pine needles can spark and wrappings cause chimney and roof fires.', 'Assuming we know that the claim that hybrids can also form when two varieties interbreed is false, we know that it is not the case that either dirt floors are common in highlands houses or pine needles can spark and wrappings cause chimney and roof fires.']
|
Provided that we know that the claim that hybrids can also form when two varieties interbreed is false, we know that either dirt floors are common in highlands houses or pine needles can spark and wrappings cause chimney and roof fires. Assuming we know that the claim that hybrids can also form when two varieties interbreed is false, we know that it is not the case that either dirt floors are common in highlands houses or pine needles can spark and wrappings cause chimney and roof fires.
|
Many people rightly believe that hybrids can also form when two varieties interbreed.
|
Hybrids vary in their response to the environment.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Hybrids can also form when two varieties interbreed.', 1: 'Dirt floors are common in highlands houses.', 2: 'Pine needles can spark and wrappings cause chimney and roof fires.'}
| 1 |
662 |
['It is a fact that either either wine inhibits the growth of all microorganisms that cause several kinds of disease in man or experimental design is fundamental to the practice of statistics or girls carry water.', 'The statement, either wine inhibits the growth of all microorganisms that cause several kinds of disease in man or experimental design is fundamental to the practice of statistics, does not hold.']
|
It is a fact that either either wine inhibits the growth of all microorganisms that cause several kinds of disease in man or experimental design is fundamental to the practice of statistics or girls carry water. The statement, either wine inhibits the growth of all microorganisms that cause several kinds of disease in man or experimental design is fundamental to the practice of statistics, does not hold.
|
It is a simple truth that girls carry water.
|
Girls have (part) legs.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Girls carry water.', 1: 'Wine inhibits the growth of all microorganisms that cause several kinds of disease in man.', 2: 'Experimental design is fundamental to the practice of statistics.'}
| 1 |
978 |
['Given that the claim that epics still exist in the oral traditions of the world has no merit, it can be inferred that women alter environments.', 'Provided that the claim that epics still exist in the oral traditions of the world has no merit, we know that the claim that women alter environments is false.']
|
Given that the claim that epics still exist in the oral traditions of the world has no merit, it can be inferred that women alter environments. Provided that the claim that epics still exist in the oral traditions of the world has no merit, we know that the claim that women alter environments is false.
|
We can assume that epics still exist in the oral traditions of the world.
|
EPIC is a system for management, display, and analysis of oceanographic in-situ data.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Epics still exist in the oral traditions of the world.', 1: 'Women alter environments.'}
| 1 |
771 |
['Either most women experience some constipation during their pregnancy or preservatives are compounds.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that most women experience some constipation during their pregnancy.']
|
Either most women experience some constipation during their pregnancy or preservatives are compounds. Some people mistakenly believe that most women experience some constipation during their pregnancy.
|
It is the case that preservatives are compounds.
|
Preservatives reduce drying time by letting moist hay be baled without spoilage.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Preservatives are compounds.', 1: 'Most women experience some constipation during their pregnancy.'}
| 1 |
728 |
['At least one of two things is true: spasmodic dysphonia involves the muscles of the throat that control speech, or leucines are chemical compounds.', "Whenever it is true that spasmodic dysphonia involves the muscles of the throat that control speech, 'housing schemes exist to help people on a low income' is true.", 'Assuming leucines are chemical compounds, we know that housing schemes exist to help people on a low income.']
|
At least one of two things is true: spasmodic dysphonia involves the muscles of the throat that control speech, or leucines are chemical compounds. Whenever it is true that spasmodic dysphonia involves the muscles of the throat that control speech, 'housing schemes exist to help people on a low income' is true. Assuming leucines are chemical compounds, we know that housing schemes exist to help people on a low income.
|
The claim that housing schemes exist to help people on a low income holds true.
|
The claim that housing schemes exist to help people on a low income holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Housing schemes exist to help people on a low income.', 1: 'Spasmodic dysphonia involves the muscles of the throat that control speech.', 2: 'Leucines are chemical compounds.'}
| 1 |
911 |
['It is a fact that either lubricants form a slippery film that prevents the peaks from welding together or it is a common misconception that beanstalks have (part) sections.', 'We know that the claim that lubricants form a slippery film that prevents the peaks from welding together is false.']
|
It is a fact that either lubricants form a slippery film that prevents the peaks from welding together or it is a common misconception that beanstalks have (part) sections. We know that the claim that lubricants form a slippery film that prevents the peaks from welding together is false.
|
It is a common misconception that beanstalks have (part) sections.
|
The notion that 'beanstalk isa stem' is untrue.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Beanstalks have (part) sections.', 1: 'Lubricants form a slippery film that prevents the peaks from welding together.'}
| 1 |
807 |
['Should it be the case that most infants reach ages, it follows that it is not the case that length contraction applies only to lengths along the direction of motion.', "The statement 'most infants reach ages' can be considered true."]
|
Should it be the case that most infants reach ages, it follows that it is not the case that length contraction applies only to lengths along the direction of motion. The statement 'most infants reach ages' can be considered true.
|
It is not the case that length contraction applies only to lengths along the direction of motion.
|
It is not the case that length contraction applies only to lengths along the direction of motion.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Length contraction applies only to lengths along the direction of motion.', 1: 'Most infants reach ages.'}
| 1 |
322 |
['There is good reason to believe that either either most baby rattlesnakes have short fangs or public utilities are service companies or interactions determine the spatial distribution of atom-like particles and their energies .', 'When either most baby rattlesnakes have short fangs or public utilities are service companies is true, it follows that recycling is by no means the only source of environmental jobs.', "Whenever it is true that interactions determine the spatial distribution of atom-like particles and their energies , 'recycling is by no means the only source of environmental jobs' is true."]
|
There is good reason to believe that either either most baby rattlesnakes have short fangs or public utilities are service companies or interactions determine the spatial distribution of atom-like particles and their energies . When either most baby rattlesnakes have short fangs or public utilities are service companies is true, it follows that recycling is by no means the only source of environmental jobs. Whenever it is true that interactions determine the spatial distribution of atom-like particles and their energies , 'recycling is by no means the only source of environmental jobs' is true.
|
recycling is by no means the only source of environmental jobs.
|
The claim that recycling is by no means the only source of environmental jobs does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [3].
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Recycling is by no means the only source of environmental jobs.', 1: 'Most baby rattlesnakes have short fangs.', 2: 'Public utilities are service companies.', 3: 'Interactions determine the spatial distribution of atom-like particles and their energies .'}
| 1 |
556 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: an electrolytic capacitor is a capacitor, or chemistry studies compounds.', 'Given that an electrolytic capacitor is a capacitor, it can be inferred that the claim that baseball requires core strength - strong backs and strong abs has no merit.', "Whenever it is true that chemistry studies compounds, 'the claim that baseball requires core strength - strong backs and strong abs has no merit' is true."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: an electrolytic capacitor is a capacitor, or chemistry studies compounds. Given that an electrolytic capacitor is a capacitor, it can be inferred that the claim that baseball requires core strength - strong backs and strong abs has no merit. Whenever it is true that chemistry studies compounds, 'the claim that baseball requires core strength - strong backs and strong abs has no merit' is true.
|
The claim that baseball requires core strength - strong backs and strong abs has no merit.
|
The statement that 'baseball is orb' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Baseball requires core strength - strong backs and strong abs.', 1: 'An electrolytic capacitor is a capacitor.', 2: 'Chemistry studies compounds.'}
| 1 |
357 |
['It is rational to believe that either evil is the disfigurement of good or young women are usually older when they begin voluntary sexual intercourse.', 'We know that the claim that evil is the disfigurement of good is false.']
|
It is rational to believe that either evil is the disfigurement of good or young women are usually older when they begin voluntary sexual intercourse. We know that the claim that evil is the disfigurement of good is false.
|
We can assume that young women are usually older when they begin voluntary sexual intercourse.
|
We can assume that young women are usually older when they begin voluntary sexual intercourse.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Young women are usually older when they begin voluntary sexual intercourse.', 1: 'Evil is the disfigurement of good.'}
| 1 |
69 |
['When infants consume up to one-third of their daily calories during night feedings is true, it follows that caecilians are the least-known.', 'It is the case that infants consume up to one-third of their daily calories during night feedings.']
|
When infants consume up to one-third of their daily calories during night feedings is true, it follows that caecilians are the least-known. It is the case that infants consume up to one-third of their daily calories during night feedings.
|
Those that suggest caecilians are the least-known are right.
|
Caecilians have no limbs .
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1]
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Caecilians are the least-known.', 1: 'Infants consume up to one-third of their daily calories during night feedings.'}
| 1 |
514 |
['Should it be the case that it is not true that disabled persons have many opportunities for recreational and competitive skiing, it follows that renewable power makes use of secure, indigenous, and replenishable natural resources.', 'We know that the claim that renewable power makes use of secure, indigenous, and replenishable natural resources is false.']
|
Should it be the case that it is not true that disabled persons have many opportunities for recreational and competitive skiing, it follows that renewable power makes use of secure, indigenous, and replenishable natural resources. We know that the claim that renewable power makes use of secure, indigenous, and replenishable natural resources is false.
|
Many people rightly believe that disabled persons have many opportunities for recreational and competitive skiing.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that disabled persons have many opportunities for recreational and competitive skiing.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Disabled persons have many opportunities for recreational and competitive skiing.', 1: 'Renewable power makes use of secure, indigenous, and replenishable natural resources.'}
| 1 |
509 |
['Provided that arms have (part) palms, we know that women comprise one half of the population but only every fifth researcher is a woman.', 'Should it be the case that arms have (part) palms, it follows that it is a common misconception that women comprise one half of the population but only every fifth researcher is a woman.']
|
Provided that arms have (part) palms, we know that women comprise one half of the population but only every fifth researcher is a woman. Should it be the case that arms have (part) palms, it follows that it is a common misconception that women comprise one half of the population but only every fifth researcher is a woman.
|
Those that suggest arms have (part) palms are wrong.
|
The statement that states arms have (part) palms is right.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Arms have (part) palms.', 1: 'Women comprise one half of the population but only every fifth researcher is a woman.'}
| 1 |
340 |
['We know that either dietary fiber helps to absorb water or remove waste from the body or disks are located in hard drives.', "The statement 'dietary fiber helps to absorb water or remove waste from the body' can be considered false."]
|
We know that either dietary fiber helps to absorb water or remove waste from the body or disks are located in hard drives. The statement 'dietary fiber helps to absorb water or remove waste from the body' can be considered false.
|
It is a simple truth that disks are located in hard drives.
|
It is a common misconception that disks are located in hard drives.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
|
{0: 'Disks are located in hard drives.', 1: 'Dietary fiber helps to absorb water or remove waste from the body.'}
| 1 |
221 |
['Assuming participants have directional responses, we know that geometric logic is of current interest in theoretical computing science.', 'Provided that geometric logic is of current interest in theoretical computing science, we know that patients have deficiencies.']
|
Assuming participants have directional responses, we know that geometric logic is of current interest in theoretical computing science. Provided that geometric logic is of current interest in theoretical computing science, we know that patients have deficiencies.
|
Provided that participants have directional responses, we know that patients have deficiencies
|
Provided that participants have directional responses, we know that patients have deficiencies
|
TRUE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Participants have directional responses.', 1: 'Patients have deficiencies.', 2: 'Geometric logic is of current interest in theoretical computing science.'}
| 1 |
928 |
['Once we know hair is produced by living cells in the hair follicles at the base of each hair, we also know that most people buy storage sheds to keep things in that they otherwise have no place to store.', 'It is not true that most people buy storage sheds to keep things in that they otherwise have no place to store.']
|
Once we know hair is produced by living cells in the hair follicles at the base of each hair, we also know that most people buy storage sheds to keep things in that they otherwise have no place to store. It is not true that most people buy storage sheds to keep things in that they otherwise have no place to store.
|
Those that suggest hair is produced by living cells in the hair follicles at the base of each hair are wrong.
|
Those that suggest hair is produced by living cells in the hair follicles at the base of each hair are wrong.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Hair is produced by living cells in the hair follicles at the base of each hair.', 1: 'Most people buy storage sheds to keep things in that they otherwise have no place to store.'}
| 1 |
146 |
['One may reasonably assume that if cold fusion is fusion, then it is not the case that socialism produces a huge shift in wealth followed by stagnation.', 'The statement that states cold fusion is fusion is right.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if cold fusion is fusion, then it is not the case that socialism produces a huge shift in wealth followed by stagnation. The statement that states cold fusion is fusion is right.
|
It is not the case that socialism produces a huge shift in wealth followed by stagnation.
|
It is not true that socialism produces poverty.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
|
{0: 'Socialism produces a huge shift in wealth followed by stagnation.', 1: 'Cold fusion is fusion.'}
| 1 |
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