id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
| depth
int64 1
7
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,785 |
["The statement that 'signal transduction focuses on defects in cellular functions in certain disease states' is incorrect.", 'It is a fact that either most summer flowering bulbs prefer full sun to part shade or either signal transduction focuses on defects in cellular functions in certain disease states or more powerful telescopes allow scientists to see all the planets more clearly, including Uranus.', 'The claim that most summer flowering bulbs prefer full sun to part shade does not reflect reality.']
|
The statement that 'signal transduction focuses on defects in cellular functions in certain disease states' is incorrect. It is a fact that either most summer flowering bulbs prefer full sun to part shade or either signal transduction focuses on defects in cellular functions in certain disease states or more powerful telescopes allow scientists to see all the planets more clearly, including Uranus. The claim that most summer flowering bulbs prefer full sun to part shade does not reflect reality.
|
We can assume that more powerful telescopes allow scientists to see all the planets more clearly, including Uranus.
|
We know that the claim that more powerful telescopes allow scientists to see all the planets more clearly, including Uranus is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'More powerful telescopes allow scientists to see all the planets more clearly, including Uranus.', 1: 'Signal transduction focuses on defects in cellular functions in certain disease states.', 2: 'Most summer flowering bulbs prefer full sun to part shade.'}
| 2 |
1,873 |
['On the condition that the statement that states if most plants take energy, then fronds float on surfaces is false, it is definitely the case that teachers are capable of teach students.', "Provided that it is not true that if the statement that states if most plants take energy, then fronds float on surfaces is false, then the statement that 'teachers are capable of teach students' is incorrect, we know that if tustin soils are similar but the lower part of the solum contains more clay, then rattlesnakes exhibit behavior.", 'The claim that if tustin soils are similar but the lower part of the solum contains more clay, then rattlesnakes exhibit behavior has no merit.']
|
On the condition that the statement that states if most plants take energy, then fronds float on surfaces is false, it is definitely the case that teachers are capable of teach students. Provided that it is not true that if the statement that states if most plants take energy, then fronds float on surfaces is false, then the statement that 'teachers are capable of teach students' is incorrect, we know that if tustin soils are similar but the lower part of the solum contains more clay, then rattlesnakes exhibit behavior. The claim that if tustin soils are similar but the lower part of the solum contains more clay, then rattlesnakes exhibit behavior has no merit.
|
Once we know most plants take energy, we also know that fronds float on surfaces.
|
Once we know most plants take energy, we also know that fronds float on surfaces.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then (If [3], then [4].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Most plants take energy.', 1: 'Fronds float on surfaces.', 2: 'Teachers are capable of teach students.', 3: 'Tustin soils are similar but the lower part of the solum contains more clay.', 4: 'Rattlesnakes exhibit behavior.'}
| 2 |
1,065 |
['Assuming marine topography refers to the shape the land has when it interfaces with the ocean, we know that some lizards have adhesive pads.', 'Given that plants grow stems, it can be inferred that some lizards have adhesive pads.', 'Assuming the claim that either marine topography refers to the shape the land has when it interfaces with the ocean or plants grow stems does not reflect reality, we know that anticonvulsant medication is medicine.', 'When the claim that either marine topography refers to the shape the land has when it interfaces with the ocean or plants grow stems does not reflect reality is true, it follows that the claim that anticonvulsant medication is medicine is false.']
|
Assuming marine topography refers to the shape the land has when it interfaces with the ocean, we know that some lizards have adhesive pads. Given that plants grow stems, it can be inferred that some lizards have adhesive pads. Assuming the claim that either marine topography refers to the shape the land has when it interfaces with the ocean or plants grow stems does not reflect reality, we know that anticonvulsant medication is medicine. When the claim that either marine topography refers to the shape the land has when it interfaces with the ocean or plants grow stems does not reflect reality is true, it follows that the claim that anticonvulsant medication is medicine is false.
|
The statement that states some lizards have adhesive pads is right.
|
Lizards can grow new tail.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Some lizards have adhesive pads.', 1: 'Marine topography refers to the shape the land has when it interfaces with the ocean.', 2: 'Plants grow stems.', 3: 'Anticonvulsant medication is medicine.'}
| 2 |
1,902 |
['Once we know the claim that weather conditions can cause temporary changes in line conditions does not reflect reality, we also know that most heart valves are part of hearts.', 'On the condition that the claim that weather conditions can cause temporary changes in line conditions does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that some mollusks live on ocean floors.', 'Should it be the case that some mollusks live on ocean floors, it follows that the statement, most heart valves are part of hearts, does not hold.']
|
Once we know the claim that weather conditions can cause temporary changes in line conditions does not reflect reality, we also know that most heart valves are part of hearts. On the condition that the claim that weather conditions can cause temporary changes in line conditions does not reflect reality, it is definitely the case that some mollusks live on ocean floors. Should it be the case that some mollusks live on ocean floors, it follows that the statement, most heart valves are part of hearts, does not hold.
|
It is rational to agree that weather conditions can cause temporary changes in line conditions.
|
Weather conditions vary the distance that sound travels.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Weather conditions can cause temporary changes in line conditions.', 1: 'Most heart valves are part of hearts.', 2: 'Some mollusks live on ocean floors.'}
| 2 |
1,317 |
['The claim that skin cancer is on the rise for several reasons has no merit.', "Should it be the case that the statement 'either skin cancer is on the rise for several reasons or most people believe that both being fat and being gay is a matter of personal choice' can be considered false, it follows that a superclass is taxon.", "Should it be the case that the statement 'either skin cancer is on the rise for several reasons or most people believe that both being fat and being gay is a matter of personal choice' can be considered false, it follows that the claim that a superclass is taxon does not reflect reality."]
|
The claim that skin cancer is on the rise for several reasons has no merit. Should it be the case that the statement 'either skin cancer is on the rise for several reasons or most people believe that both being fat and being gay is a matter of personal choice' can be considered false, it follows that a superclass is taxon. Should it be the case that the statement 'either skin cancer is on the rise for several reasons or most people believe that both being fat and being gay is a matter of personal choice' can be considered false, it follows that the claim that a superclass is taxon does not reflect reality.
|
Those that suggest most people believe that both being fat and being gay is a matter of personal choice are right.
|
The statement that 'most people believe that both being fat and being gay is a matter of personal choice' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Most people believe that both being fat and being gay is a matter of personal choice.', 1: 'Skin cancer is on the rise for several reasons.', 2: 'A superclass is taxon.'}
| 2 |
1,636 |
['One may reasonably assume that if amphibians play a pivotal role in ecosystem as secondary consumers in many food chains, then most fertilization makes reproduction.', 'Once we know the claim that if if amphibians play a pivotal role in ecosystem as secondary consumers in many food chains, then most fertilization makes reproduction, then it is not true that people can communicate verbally or by exchanging images has no merit, we also know that either emotions are thoughts And thoughts can be changed or meteors tend to move in the same direction of that of the earth and the planets.', 'It is not true that either emotions are thoughts And thoughts can be changed or meteors tend to move in the same direction of that of the earth and the planets.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if amphibians play a pivotal role in ecosystem as secondary consumers in many food chains, then most fertilization makes reproduction. Once we know the claim that if if amphibians play a pivotal role in ecosystem as secondary consumers in many food chains, then most fertilization makes reproduction, then it is not true that people can communicate verbally or by exchanging images has no merit, we also know that either emotions are thoughts And thoughts can be changed or meteors tend to move in the same direction of that of the earth and the planets. It is not true that either emotions are thoughts And thoughts can be changed or meteors tend to move in the same direction of that of the earth and the planets.
|
It is not true that people can communicate verbally or by exchanging images.
|
It is fair to say that people can communicate verbally or by exchanging images.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [2].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].).).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'People can communicate verbally or by exchanging images.', 1: 'Amphibians play a pivotal role in ecosystem as secondary consumers in many food chains.', 2: 'Most fertilization makes reproduction.', 3: 'Emotions are thoughts And thoughts can be changed.', 4: 'Meteors tend to move in the same direction of that of the earth and the planets.'}
| 2 |
1,666 |
['At least one of two things is true: if history is a cultural survival tool, then alkaline substances vary in strength, or most insects leave their eggs once they are laid.', 'Assuming if history is a cultural survival tool, then alkaline substances vary in strength, we know that estrogen deficiency is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis in women.', 'On the condition that the claim that if most insects leave their eggs once they are laid, then estrogen deficiency is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis in women does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that focused attention is the attention of the expert.', 'It is a common misconception that focused attention is the attention of the expert.']
|
At least one of two things is true: if history is a cultural survival tool, then alkaline substances vary in strength, or most insects leave their eggs once they are laid. Assuming if history is a cultural survival tool, then alkaline substances vary in strength, we know that estrogen deficiency is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis in women. On the condition that the claim that if most insects leave their eggs once they are laid, then estrogen deficiency is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis in women does not correspond with reality, it is definitely the case that focused attention is the attention of the expert. It is a common misconception that focused attention is the attention of the expert.
|
It is reasonable to believe that estrogen deficiency is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis in women.
|
The statement that 'estrogen deficiency is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis in women' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then [0].
If [3], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then [0].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Estrogen deficiency is the most common risk factor for osteoporosis in women.', 1: 'History is a cultural survival tool.', 2: 'Alkaline substances vary in strength.', 3: 'Most insects leave their eggs once they are laid.', 4: 'Focused attention is the attention of the expert.'}
| 2 |
1,789 |
['Assuming the statement that states gnus are the favorite prey of lions is false, we know that sensors measure visibility.', "Whenever it is true that prayer is the hand of faith stretched out to receive, 'the notion that 'sensors measure visibility' is untrue' is true.", 'We can assume that prayer is the hand of faith stretched out to receive.']
|
Assuming the statement that states gnus are the favorite prey of lions is false, we know that sensors measure visibility. Whenever it is true that prayer is the hand of faith stretched out to receive, 'the notion that 'sensors measure visibility' is untrue' is true. We can assume that prayer is the hand of faith stretched out to receive.
|
The statement that states gnus are the favorite prey of lions is right.
|
Gnus have (part) cells.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Gnus are the favorite prey of lions.', 1: 'Sensors measure visibility.', 2: 'Prayer is the hand of faith stretched out to receive.'}
| 2 |
1,958 |
['Once we know water exists as vapor, we also know that the statement that states innovation is born of innovation is false.', "Whenever it is true that it is not true that water exists as vapor, 'if walkers Never use baby walkers on wheels, then boredom causes a desire to grocery shops' is true.", "One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that water exists as vapor, then the statement that 'if walkers Never use baby walkers on wheels, then boredom causes a desire to grocery shops' is incorrect."]
|
Once we know water exists as vapor, we also know that the statement that states innovation is born of innovation is false. Whenever it is true that it is not true that water exists as vapor, 'if walkers Never use baby walkers on wheels, then boredom causes a desire to grocery shops' is true. One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that water exists as vapor, then the statement that 'if walkers Never use baby walkers on wheels, then boredom causes a desire to grocery shops' is incorrect.
|
The statement that states innovation is born of innovation is false.
|
It is rational to agree that innovation is born of innovation.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (Not [1].), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Innovation is born of innovation.', 1: 'Water exists as vapor.', 2: 'Walkers Never use baby walkers on wheels.', 3: 'Boredom causes a desire to grocery shops.'}
| 2 |
1,214 |
['It is the case that a short is a tract.', "So long as the statement 'if a short is a tract, then some parents create memory' can be considered false, 'either hyperlinks are terms, icons, or images in documents that point to other, related docu ments or most babies have no noticeable effects from fetal distress' is true.", 'The claim that either hyperlinks are terms, icons, or images in documents that point to other, related docu ments or most babies have no noticeable effects from fetal distress does not reflect reality.']
|
It is the case that a short is a tract. So long as the statement 'if a short is a tract, then some parents create memory' can be considered false, 'either hyperlinks are terms, icons, or images in documents that point to other, related docu ments or most babies have no noticeable effects from fetal distress' is true. The claim that either hyperlinks are terms, icons, or images in documents that point to other, related docu ments or most babies have no noticeable effects from fetal distress does not reflect reality.
|
Many people rightly believe that some parents create memory.
|
Many people rightly believe that some parents create memory.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Some parents create memory.', 1: 'A short is a tract.', 2: 'Hyperlinks are terms, icons, or images in documents that point to other, related docu ments.', 3: 'Most babies have no noticeable effects from fetal distress.'}
| 2 |
1,097 |
["We know that the claim that optometrists are America's primary eye care providers is false.", "One may reasonably assume that if most marine animals eat food, then if either mathematical logic is the use of symbols instead of words to write mathematical statements or medical insurance is an absolute necessity in the United States, then optometrists are America's primary eye care providers.", 'It is a simple truth that most marine animals eat food.']
|
We know that the claim that optometrists are America's primary eye care providers is false. One may reasonably assume that if most marine animals eat food, then if either mathematical logic is the use of symbols instead of words to write mathematical statements or medical insurance is an absolute necessity in the United States, then optometrists are America's primary eye care providers. It is a simple truth that most marine animals eat food.
|
It is not true that either mathematical logic is the use of symbols instead of words to write mathematical statements or medical insurance is an absolute necessity in the United States.
|
The statement that states mathematical logic provides a precise framework for mathematical assertions and deductive systems is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2].).
[3]
Therefore, If (Either [0] or [1].), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Mathematical logic is the use of symbols instead of words to write mathematical statements.', 1: 'Medical insurance is an absolute necessity in the United States.', 2: "Optometrists are America's primary eye care providers.", 3: 'Most marine animals eat food.'}
| 2 |
1,583 |
['It is a fact that either bark is cries or some evergreen huckleberries require excessive drainage.', "So long as bark is cries, 'dopamine is essential for initiating and coordinating the libido responses' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either text books are located in schools or if some evergreen huckleberries require excessive drainage, then dopamine is essential for initiating and coordinating the libido responses.', 'It is not true that text books are located in schools.']
|
It is a fact that either bark is cries or some evergreen huckleberries require excessive drainage. So long as bark is cries, 'dopamine is essential for initiating and coordinating the libido responses' is true. There is good reason to believe that either text books are located in schools or if some evergreen huckleberries require excessive drainage, then dopamine is essential for initiating and coordinating the libido responses. It is not true that text books are located in schools.
|
The claim that dopamine is essential for initiating and coordinating the libido responses holds true.
|
The claim that dopamine is essential for initiating and coordinating the libido responses has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Dopamine is essential for initiating and coordinating the libido responses.', 1: 'Bark is cries.', 2: 'Some evergreen huckleberries require excessive drainage.', 3: 'Text books are located in schools.'}
| 2 |
1,466 |
["We know that either most children eat sugar or the notion that 'natural drainage is a fancy name for old-fashioned roadside ditches and grassy drainage channels' is untrue.", 'Given that most children eat sugar, it can be inferred that atopic dermatitis is the most common type of dermatitis.', "One may reasonably assume that if most children eat sugar, then the statement 'atopic dermatitis is the most common type of dermatitis' can be considered false."]
|
We know that either most children eat sugar or the notion that 'natural drainage is a fancy name for old-fashioned roadside ditches and grassy drainage channels' is untrue. Given that most children eat sugar, it can be inferred that atopic dermatitis is the most common type of dermatitis. One may reasonably assume that if most children eat sugar, then the statement 'atopic dermatitis is the most common type of dermatitis' can be considered false.
|
The notion that 'natural drainage is a fancy name for old-fashioned roadside ditches and grassy drainage channels' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'natural drainage is a fancy name for old-fashioned roadside ditches and grassy drainage channels' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Natural drainage is a fancy name for old-fashioned roadside ditches and grassy drainage channels.', 1: 'Most children eat sugar.', 2: 'Atopic dermatitis is the most common type of dermatitis.'}
| 2 |
1,523 |
['At least one of two things is true: most arthropods have structures, or pas have (part) body substances.', 'When pas have (part) body substances is true, it follows that levers transmit muscular forces.', 'One may reasonably assume that if onions are amongst the most common high-fibre foods, which include beans, cabbage and turnips, then if most arthropods have structures, then levers transmit muscular forces.', 'It is rational to agree that onions are amongst the most common high-fibre foods, which include beans, cabbage and turnips.']
|
At least one of two things is true: most arthropods have structures, or pas have (part) body substances. When pas have (part) body substances is true, it follows that levers transmit muscular forces. One may reasonably assume that if onions are amongst the most common high-fibre foods, which include beans, cabbage and turnips, then if most arthropods have structures, then levers transmit muscular forces. It is rational to agree that onions are amongst the most common high-fibre foods, which include beans, cabbage and turnips.
|
It is rational to agree that levers transmit muscular forces.
|
Lever isa bar.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
[3]
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Levers transmit muscular forces.', 1: 'Most arthropods have structures.', 2: 'Pas have (part) body substances.', 3: 'Onions are amongst the most common high-fibre foods, which include beans, cabbage and turnips.'}
| 2 |
1,255 |
["Whenever it is true that volcanoes can explode at any time, 'we know that the claim that most statistical methodology assumes that observations are normally distributed is false' is true.", 'Given that the claim that if volcanoes can explode at any time, then most statistical methodology assumes that observations are normally distributed has no merit, it can be inferred that romance is novels.', "So long as the claim that if volcanoes can explode at any time, then most statistical methodology assumes that observations are normally distributed has no merit, 'the statement 'romance is novels' can be considered false' is true."]
|
Whenever it is true that volcanoes can explode at any time, 'we know that the claim that most statistical methodology assumes that observations are normally distributed is false' is true. Given that the claim that if volcanoes can explode at any time, then most statistical methodology assumes that observations are normally distributed has no merit, it can be inferred that romance is novels. So long as the claim that if volcanoes can explode at any time, then most statistical methodology assumes that observations are normally distributed has no merit, 'the statement 'romance is novels' can be considered false' is true.
|
We know that the claim that volcanoes can explode at any time is false.
|
We know that the claim that volcanoes can explode at any time is false.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Volcanoes can explode at any time.', 1: 'Most statistical methodology assumes that observations are normally distributed.', 2: 'Romance is novels.'}
| 2 |
1,385 |
['One may reasonably assume that if many species are important predators in grassland habitats, then trumpeters have broad, flat bills with fine tooth-like notches along the edges.', 'Once we know the claim that many species are important predators in grassland habitats has no merit, we also know that most acid digestion takes places.', 'It is not the case that most acid digestion takes places.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if many species are important predators in grassland habitats, then trumpeters have broad, flat bills with fine tooth-like notches along the edges. Once we know the claim that many species are important predators in grassland habitats has no merit, we also know that most acid digestion takes places. It is not the case that most acid digestion takes places.
|
Those that suggest trumpeters have broad, flat bills with fine tooth-like notches along the edges are right.
|
It is a common misconception that trumpeters have broad, flat bills with fine tooth-like notches along the edges.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Trumpeters have broad, flat bills with fine tooth-like notches along the edges.', 1: 'Many species are important predators in grassland habitats.', 2: 'Most acid digestion takes places.'}
| 2 |
1,545 |
['The statement that states mastodons have structures is false.', "When ferns are the first colonisers, as disaster flora is true, it follows that if the statement that 'notepads are located in desks' is incorrect, then mastodons have structures.", 'It is the case that ferns are the first colonisers, as disaster flora.']
|
The statement that states mastodons have structures is false. When ferns are the first colonisers, as disaster flora is true, it follows that if the statement that 'notepads are located in desks' is incorrect, then mastodons have structures. It is the case that ferns are the first colonisers, as disaster flora.
|
It is rational to agree that notepads are located in desks.
|
Notepads are located in drawers.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Notepads are located in desks.', 1: 'Mastodons have structures.', 2: 'Ferns are the first colonisers, as disaster flora.'}
| 2 |
1,382 |
["So long as pain is located in body parts, 'hierarchical organization helps people make sense of masses of information' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: either cattails have (part) cells or surface tension is the force that is making the drop more or less half-hemispherical, or bats live in dark damp caves.', 'Should it be the case that either cattails have (part) cells or surface tension is the force that is making the drop more or less half-hemispherical, it follows that pain is located in body parts.', 'Assuming bats live in dark damp caves, we know that pain is located in body parts.']
|
So long as pain is located in body parts, 'hierarchical organization helps people make sense of masses of information' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: either cattails have (part) cells or surface tension is the force that is making the drop more or less half-hemispherical, or bats live in dark damp caves. Should it be the case that either cattails have (part) cells or surface tension is the force that is making the drop more or less half-hemispherical, it follows that pain is located in body parts. Assuming bats live in dark damp caves, we know that pain is located in body parts.
|
We can assume that hierarchical organization helps people make sense of masses of information.
|
Plastics can be stronger, lighter, cheaper, and easier to cut than glass.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].
If [4], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Hierarchical organization helps people make sense of masses of information.', 1: 'Pain is located in body parts.', 2: 'Cattails have (part) cells.', 3: 'Surface tension is the force that is making the drop more or less half-hemispherical.', 4: 'Bats live in dark damp caves.'}
| 2 |
1,489 |
['Either some computers have a jumper on the motherboard, which acts as hardware write protection or some scientists have doubts about the ways in which wind chill is used.', 'Should it be the case that some scientists have doubts about the ways in which wind chill is used, it follows that either diagnosis is through culture of the organism, and clinical signs are similar to other mammals or aromatherapy is often combined with spa treatments.', "Once we know the statement 'if some computers have a jumper on the motherboard, which acts as hardware write protection, then either diagnosis is through culture of the organism, and clinical signs are similar to other mammals or aromatherapy is often combined with spa treatments' can be considered false, we also know that if dreams are perfection, then antidepressants work to improve the mood.", "If the statement 'if some computers have a jumper on the motherboard, which acts as hardware write protection, then either diagnosis is through culture of the organism, and clinical signs are similar to other mammals or aromatherapy is often combined with spa treatments' can be considered false, then the statement, if dreams are perfection, then antidepressants work to improve the mood, does not hold."]
|
Either some computers have a jumper on the motherboard, which acts as hardware write protection or some scientists have doubts about the ways in which wind chill is used. Should it be the case that some scientists have doubts about the ways in which wind chill is used, it follows that either diagnosis is through culture of the organism, and clinical signs are similar to other mammals or aromatherapy is often combined with spa treatments. Once we know the statement 'if some computers have a jumper on the motherboard, which acts as hardware write protection, then either diagnosis is through culture of the organism, and clinical signs are similar to other mammals or aromatherapy is often combined with spa treatments' can be considered false, we also know that if dreams are perfection, then antidepressants work to improve the mood. If the statement 'if some computers have a jumper on the motherboard, which acts as hardware write protection, then either diagnosis is through culture of the organism, and clinical signs are similar to other mammals or aromatherapy is often combined with spa treatments' can be considered false, then the statement, if dreams are perfection, then antidepressants work to improve the mood, does not hold.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: diagnosis is through culture of the organism, and clinical signs are similar to other mammals, or aromatherapy is often combined with spa treatments.
|
At least one of two things is true: most diagnoses lead to diseases, or aromatherapy is the enhancement of body, mind and spirit with aromatic, botanical essential oils.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then (If [4], then [5].).
If (Not (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then (Not (If [4], then [5].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Diagnosis is through culture of the organism, and clinical signs are similar to other mammals.', 1: 'Aromatherapy is often combined with spa treatments.', 2: 'Some computers have a jumper on the motherboard, which acts as hardware write protection.', 3: 'Some scientists have doubts about the ways in which wind chill is used.', 4: 'Dreams are perfection.', 5: 'Antidepressants work to improve the mood.'}
| 2 |
1,513 |
['It is a fact that either either thermometers consist of a sealed hollow glass tube filled with some type of liquid or mallard isa duck or surgeons can also reposition bones to help correct deformities.', "So long as surgeons can also reposition bones to help correct deformities, 'the statement, if many beekeepers are individualists, then limestone is a sedimentary rock deposited in oceans, does not hold' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if either thermometers consist of a sealed hollow glass tube filled with some type of liquid or mallard isa duck, then a slide rule is a computer.', 'If a slide rule is a computer, then the statement, if many beekeepers are individualists, then limestone is a sedimentary rock deposited in oceans, does not hold.']
|
It is a fact that either either thermometers consist of a sealed hollow glass tube filled with some type of liquid or mallard isa duck or surgeons can also reposition bones to help correct deformities. So long as surgeons can also reposition bones to help correct deformities, 'the statement, if many beekeepers are individualists, then limestone is a sedimentary rock deposited in oceans, does not hold' is true. One may reasonably assume that if either thermometers consist of a sealed hollow glass tube filled with some type of liquid or mallard isa duck, then a slide rule is a computer. If a slide rule is a computer, then the statement, if many beekeepers are individualists, then limestone is a sedimentary rock deposited in oceans, does not hold.
|
The statement, if many beekeepers are individualists, then limestone is a sedimentary rock deposited in oceans, does not hold.
|
On the condition that many beekeepers are individualists, it is definitely the case that limestone is a sedimentary rock deposited in oceans.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC2-1]
If [4], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [5].
If [5], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Many beekeepers are individualists.', 1: 'Limestone is a sedimentary rock deposited in oceans.', 2: 'Thermometers consist of a sealed hollow glass tube filled with some type of liquid.', 3: 'Mallard isa duck.', 4: 'Surgeons can also reposition bones to help correct deformities.', 5: 'A slide rule is a computer.'}
| 2 |
1,780 |
['On the condition that dads receive phone calls, it is definitely the case that some people are worried about dismembering a small embryonic ball of cells.', 'It is rational to believe that either if most steroid hormones are secreted by adrenal glands, then citrine encourages the yellow ray to support the body or airheads are films.', 'On the condition that if most steroid hormones are secreted by adrenal glands, then citrine encourages the yellow ray to support the body, it is definitely the case that if dads receive phone calls, then it is not the case that some people are worried about dismembering a small embryonic ball of cells.', 'One may reasonably assume that if airheads are films, then if dads receive phone calls, then it is not the case that some people are worried about dismembering a small embryonic ball of cells.']
|
On the condition that dads receive phone calls, it is definitely the case that some people are worried about dismembering a small embryonic ball of cells. It is rational to believe that either if most steroid hormones are secreted by adrenal glands, then citrine encourages the yellow ray to support the body or airheads are films. On the condition that if most steroid hormones are secreted by adrenal glands, then citrine encourages the yellow ray to support the body, it is definitely the case that if dads receive phone calls, then it is not the case that some people are worried about dismembering a small embryonic ball of cells. One may reasonably assume that if airheads are films, then if dads receive phone calls, then it is not the case that some people are worried about dismembering a small embryonic ball of cells.
|
The statement that states dads receive phone calls is false.
|
The statement that states dads receive phone calls is false.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
If [4], then (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Dads receive phone calls.', 1: 'Some people are worried about dismembering a small embryonic ball of cells.', 2: 'Most steroid hormones are secreted by adrenal glands.', 3: 'Citrine encourages the yellow ray to support the body.', 4: 'Airheads are films.'}
| 2 |
1,904 |
['It is a fact that either some motors are wound with large numbers of poles for special purposes or alcohol is also a diuretic and can contribute to dehydration of the laryngeal mucosa.', "So long as either some motors are wound with large numbers of poles for special purposes or alcohol is also a diuretic and can contribute to dehydration of the laryngeal mucosa, 'feral animals can cause problems for native plants and animals' is true.", 'On the condition that feral animals can cause problems for native plants and animals, it is definitely the case that high levels endanger younger men.']
|
It is a fact that either some motors are wound with large numbers of poles for special purposes or alcohol is also a diuretic and can contribute to dehydration of the laryngeal mucosa. So long as either some motors are wound with large numbers of poles for special purposes or alcohol is also a diuretic and can contribute to dehydration of the laryngeal mucosa, 'feral animals can cause problems for native plants and animals' is true. On the condition that feral animals can cause problems for native plants and animals, it is definitely the case that high levels endanger younger men.
|
We can assume that high levels endanger younger men.
|
We can assume that high levels endanger younger men.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]. [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [3].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'High levels endanger younger men.', 1: 'Some motors are wound with large numbers of poles for special purposes.', 2: 'Alcohol is also a diuretic and can contribute to dehydration of the laryngeal mucosa.', 3: 'Feral animals can cause problems for native plants and animals.'}
| 2 |
1,122 |
['When either sin is the cause of destruction and death in life or steroids are fairly flat due to the fairly flat nature of a cyclohexane chair conformation is true, it follows that either emperor penguins live on the barren coasts of Antarctica, where they breed or hanuman isa langur.', 'At least one of two things is true: more light is reflected by bright colors, resulting in excessive stimulation of the eyes, or it is not the case that either emperor penguins live on the barren coasts of Antarctica, where they breed or hanuman isa langur.', 'The statement, more light is reflected by bright colors, resulting in excessive stimulation of the eyes, does not hold.']
|
When either sin is the cause of destruction and death in life or steroids are fairly flat due to the fairly flat nature of a cyclohexane chair conformation is true, it follows that either emperor penguins live on the barren coasts of Antarctica, where they breed or hanuman isa langur. At least one of two things is true: more light is reflected by bright colors, resulting in excessive stimulation of the eyes, or it is not the case that either emperor penguins live on the barren coasts of Antarctica, where they breed or hanuman isa langur. The statement, more light is reflected by bright colors, resulting in excessive stimulation of the eyes, does not hold.
|
Those that suggest either sin is the cause of destruction and death in life or steroids are fairly flat due to the fairly flat nature of a cyclohexane chair conformation are wrong.
|
Those that suggest either sin is the cause of destruction and death in life or steroids are fairly flat due to the fairly flat nature of a cyclohexane chair conformation are wrong.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [0] or [1].), then (Either [2] or [3].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Not [4].
Therefore, Not (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Sin is the cause of destruction and death in life.', 1: 'Steroids are fairly flat due to the fairly flat nature of a cyclohexane chair conformation.', 2: 'Emperor penguins live on the barren coasts of Antarctica, where they breed.', 3: 'Hanuman isa langur.', 4: 'More light is reflected by bright colors, resulting in excessive stimulation of the eyes.'}
| 2 |
1,946 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: tax season is the one time every year when most people evaluate their financial situation, or gorals have (part) heads.', 'Should it be the case that gorals have (part) heads, it follows that most humans kill vermin.', "Whenever it is true that it is not the case that if tax season is the one time every year when most people evaluate their financial situation, then most humans kill vermin, 'women are about twice as likely to be depressed as men' is true.", 'It is not the case that women are about twice as likely to be depressed as men.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: tax season is the one time every year when most people evaluate their financial situation, or gorals have (part) heads. Should it be the case that gorals have (part) heads, it follows that most humans kill vermin. Whenever it is true that it is not the case that if tax season is the one time every year when most people evaluate their financial situation, then most humans kill vermin, 'women are about twice as likely to be depressed as men' is true. It is not the case that women are about twice as likely to be depressed as men.
|
It is reasonable to believe that most humans kill vermin.
|
It is not the case that most humans kill vermin.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Most humans kill vermin.', 1: 'Tax season is the one time every year when most people evaluate their financial situation.', 2: 'Gorals have (part) heads.', 3: 'Women are about twice as likely to be depressed as men.'}
| 2 |
1,060 |
['One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if some animal have internal fertilization and some are external, then caged fish are also more susceptible to disease problems is false, then legacy is a genealogy software program to store family history data.', 'Provided that it is not the case that if the claim that if some animal have internal fertilization and some are external, then caged fish are also more susceptible to disease problems is false, then it is not the case that legacy is a genealogy software program to store family history data, we know that if cells require a continuous supply of energy, as adenosine triphosphate, for survival and function, then sunflowers absorb light.', 'Provided that it is not the case that if the claim that if some animal have internal fertilization and some are external, then caged fish are also more susceptible to disease problems is false, then it is not the case that legacy is a genealogy software program to store family history data, we know that it is not true that if cells require a continuous supply of energy, as adenosine triphosphate, for survival and function, then sunflowers absorb light.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if some animal have internal fertilization and some are external, then caged fish are also more susceptible to disease problems is false, then legacy is a genealogy software program to store family history data. Provided that it is not the case that if the claim that if some animal have internal fertilization and some are external, then caged fish are also more susceptible to disease problems is false, then it is not the case that legacy is a genealogy software program to store family history data, we know that if cells require a continuous supply of energy, as adenosine triphosphate, for survival and function, then sunflowers absorb light. Provided that it is not the case that if the claim that if some animal have internal fertilization and some are external, then caged fish are also more susceptible to disease problems is false, then it is not the case that legacy is a genealogy software program to store family history data, we know that it is not true that if cells require a continuous supply of energy, as adenosine triphosphate, for survival and function, then sunflowers absorb light.
|
Assuming some animal have internal fertilization and some are external, we know that caged fish are also more susceptible to disease problems.
|
The statement that states if some animal have internal fertilization and some are external, then caged fish are also more susceptible to disease problems is false.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then (If [3], then [4].).
If (Not (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Some animal have internal fertilization and some are external.', 1: 'Caged fish are also more susceptible to disease problems.', 2: 'Legacy is a genealogy software program to store family history data.', 3: 'Cells require a continuous supply of energy, as adenosine triphosphate, for survival and function.', 4: 'Sunflowers absorb light.'}
| 2 |
1,844 |
["Whenever it is true that water can take many forms, 'most buds grow into leaves' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: most salivary glands produce fluid, or solar panels convert sunlight to electricity.', 'Should it be the case that most salivary glands produce fluid, it follows that water can take many forms.', 'Assuming solar panels convert sunlight to electricity, we know that water can take many forms.']
|
Whenever it is true that water can take many forms, 'most buds grow into leaves' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: most salivary glands produce fluid, or solar panels convert sunlight to electricity. Should it be the case that most salivary glands produce fluid, it follows that water can take many forms. Assuming solar panels convert sunlight to electricity, we know that water can take many forms.
|
It is a simple truth that most buds grow into leaves.
|
It is a simple truth that most buds grow into leaves.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [1].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Most buds grow into leaves.', 1: 'Water can take many forms.', 2: 'Most salivary glands produce fluid.', 3: 'Solar panels convert sunlight to electricity.'}
| 2 |
1,372 |
['Assuming residence isa address, we know that most substances produce allergic reaction.', 'On the condition that donation is the giving of the body to a medical facility or school, it is definitely the case that if most substances produce allergic reaction, then young camels live for years.', 'We can assume that donation is the giving of the body to a medical facility or school.']
|
Assuming residence isa address, we know that most substances produce allergic reaction. On the condition that donation is the giving of the body to a medical facility or school, it is definitely the case that if most substances produce allergic reaction, then young camels live for years. We can assume that donation is the giving of the body to a medical facility or school.
|
Whenever it is true that residence isa address, 'young camels live for years' is true.
|
It is not the case that if residence isa address, then young camels live for years.
|
FALSE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then [1].).
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Residence isa address.', 1: 'Young camels live for years.', 2: 'Most substances produce allergic reaction.', 3: 'Donation is the giving of the body to a medical facility or school.'}
| 2 |
1,283 |
['kelp beds are some of the most productive ecosystems on earth.', 'There is good reason to believe that either either hinds have (part) ears or millers need growth or if kelp beds are some of the most productive ecosystems on earth, then bighorn sheep eat whole plants.', 'It is not true that either hinds have (part) ears or millers need growth.']
|
kelp beds are some of the most productive ecosystems on earth. There is good reason to believe that either either hinds have (part) ears or millers need growth or if kelp beds are some of the most productive ecosystems on earth, then bighorn sheep eat whole plants. It is not true that either hinds have (part) ears or millers need growth.
|
It is fair to say that bighorn sheep eat whole plants.
|
The claim that bighorn sheep eat whole plants does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If [1], then [0].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Bighorn sheep eat whole plants.', 1: 'Kelp beds are some of the most productive ecosystems on earth.', 2: 'Hinds have (part) ears.', 3: 'Millers need growth.'}
| 2 |
1,939 |
['On the condition that morbid obesity is a condition where a patient weighs two or more times the ideal weight, it is definitely the case that herbicides degrade in the soil by either chemical or biological processes.', 'If shyness helps inhibit socially unacceptable behavior, and in the present day causes embarrassment, then orchids are very well-adapted to life in the canopy.', 'Should it be the case that it is not the case that either morbid obesity is a condition where a patient weighs two or more times the ideal weight or shyness helps inhibit socially unacceptable behavior, and in the present day causes embarrassment, it follows that if most organisms have phases, then most bald eagles eat dead animals.', 'Given that it is not the case that either morbid obesity is a condition where a patient weighs two or more times the ideal weight or shyness helps inhibit socially unacceptable behavior, and in the present day causes embarrassment, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that if most organisms have phases, then most bald eagles eat dead animals is false.']
|
On the condition that morbid obesity is a condition where a patient weighs two or more times the ideal weight, it is definitely the case that herbicides degrade in the soil by either chemical or biological processes. If shyness helps inhibit socially unacceptable behavior, and in the present day causes embarrassment, then orchids are very well-adapted to life in the canopy. Should it be the case that it is not the case that either morbid obesity is a condition where a patient weighs two or more times the ideal weight or shyness helps inhibit socially unacceptable behavior, and in the present day causes embarrassment, it follows that if most organisms have phases, then most bald eagles eat dead animals. Given that it is not the case that either morbid obesity is a condition where a patient weighs two or more times the ideal weight or shyness helps inhibit socially unacceptable behavior, and in the present day causes embarrassment, it can be inferred that we know that the claim that if most organisms have phases, then most bald eagles eat dead animals is false.
|
Either herbicides degrade in the soil by either chemical or biological processes or orchids are very well-adapted to life in the canopy.
|
Either herbicides kill mainly broadleaf weeds and grass or orchids have a symbiotic relationship with fungi that live in their roots, called mycorrhiza .
|
Uncertain
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [0].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then (If [4], then [5].).
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then (Not (If [4], then [5].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Herbicides degrade in the soil by either chemical or biological processes.', 1: 'Orchids are very well-adapted to life in the canopy.', 2: 'Morbid obesity is a condition where a patient weighs two or more times the ideal weight.', 3: 'Shyness helps inhibit socially unacceptable behavior, and in the present day causes embarrassment.', 4: 'Most organisms have phases.', 5: 'Most bald eagles eat dead animals.'}
| 2 |
1,608 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: hares are near kin to rabbits and are similarly common around the planet, or some perches have limbs.', 'Should it be the case that hares are near kin to rabbits and are similarly common around the planet, it follows that the claim that holidays are special events does not reflect reality.', "Whenever it is true that some perches have limbs, 'canola oil is a natural oil obtained from the seeds of the canola plants' is true.", "So long as canola oil is a natural oil obtained from the seeds of the canola plants, 'the claim that holidays are special events does not reflect reality' is true."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: hares are near kin to rabbits and are similarly common around the planet, or some perches have limbs. Should it be the case that hares are near kin to rabbits and are similarly common around the planet, it follows that the claim that holidays are special events does not reflect reality. Whenever it is true that some perches have limbs, 'canola oil is a natural oil obtained from the seeds of the canola plants' is true. So long as canola oil is a natural oil obtained from the seeds of the canola plants, 'the claim that holidays are special events does not reflect reality' is true.
|
The claim that holidays are special events does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that holidays are special events does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [3].
If [3], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Holidays are special events.', 1: 'Hares are near kin to rabbits and are similarly common around the planet.', 2: 'Some perches have limbs.', 3: 'Canola oil is a natural oil obtained from the seeds of the canola plants.'}
| 2 |
1,495 |
['Those that suggest students have partners are wrong.', "Either one or both of these statements are true: meat is well known for it's ability to cause variety of diseases , and eggs and dairy are no better, or either students have partners or most plants are hermaphroditic, gaining reproductive success through both male and female functions.", "The claim that meat is well known for it's ability to cause variety of diseases , and eggs and dairy are no better does not reflect reality."]
|
Those that suggest students have partners are wrong. Either one or both of these statements are true: meat is well known for it's ability to cause variety of diseases , and eggs and dairy are no better, or either students have partners or most plants are hermaphroditic, gaining reproductive success through both male and female functions. The claim that meat is well known for it's ability to cause variety of diseases , and eggs and dairy are no better does not reflect reality.
|
The statement 'most plants are hermaphroditic, gaining reproductive success through both male and female functions' is true.
|
It is not true that most plants are hermaphroditic, gaining reproductive success through both male and female functions.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Most plants are hermaphroditic, gaining reproductive success through both male and female functions.', 1: 'Students have partners.', 2: "Meat is well known for it's ability to cause variety of diseases , and eggs and dairy are no better."}
| 2 |
1,630 |
['Once we know travelogues record all the steps in a journey, we also know that explosions have power.', 'Given that either research assistants are workers or subduction destroys crust and recycles it back into the mantle, it can be inferred that travelogues record all the steps in a journey.', 'There is good reason to believe that either research assistants are workers or subduction destroys crust and recycles it back into the mantle.']
|
Once we know travelogues record all the steps in a journey, we also know that explosions have power. Given that either research assistants are workers or subduction destroys crust and recycles it back into the mantle, it can be inferred that travelogues record all the steps in a journey. There is good reason to believe that either research assistants are workers or subduction destroys crust and recycles it back into the mantle.
|
The claim that explosions have power is true.
|
The claim that explosions have power is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [1].
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Explosions have power.', 1: 'Travelogues record all the steps in a journey.', 2: 'Research assistants are workers.', 3: 'Subduction destroys crust and recycles it back into the mantle.'}
| 2 |
1,596 |
['The claim that whales dive routinely to very deep depths holds true.', 'Should it be the case that either peanut isa legume or some people feed iguanas, it follows that if whales dive routinely to very deep depths, then hyperactive children are always in motion.', 'It is a fact that either peanut isa legume or some people feed iguanas.']
|
The claim that whales dive routinely to very deep depths holds true. Should it be the case that either peanut isa legume or some people feed iguanas, it follows that if whales dive routinely to very deep depths, then hyperactive children are always in motion. It is a fact that either peanut isa legume or some people feed iguanas.
|
It is reasonable to believe that hyperactive children are always in motion.
|
Hyperactive children are predominantly fidgety.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (If [1], then [0].).
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Hyperactive children are always in motion.', 1: 'Whales dive routinely to very deep depths.', 2: 'Peanut isa legume.', 3: 'Some people feed iguanas.'}
| 2 |
1,713 |
["So long as it is not true that most spine urchins have spines, 'elephants have (part) pulp cavities' is true.", 'Once we know it is not true that most spine urchins have spines, we also know that preschoolers like to do their own writing.', 'Assuming preschoolers like to do their own writing, we know that it is not the case that elephants have (part) pulp cavities.']
|
So long as it is not true that most spine urchins have spines, 'elephants have (part) pulp cavities' is true. Once we know it is not true that most spine urchins have spines, we also know that preschoolers like to do their own writing. Assuming preschoolers like to do their own writing, we know that it is not the case that elephants have (part) pulp cavities.
|
We can assume that most spine urchins have spines.
|
The claim that most spine urchins have spines does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most spine urchins have spines.', 1: 'Elephants have (part) pulp cavities.', 2: 'Preschoolers like to do their own writing.'}
| 2 |
1,753 |
['Given that water is often harder to come by than food due to frozen conditions, it can be inferred that static electricity is another concern with computers.', 'Provided that either most oceanic water has concentration or osteoporosis is called the silent disease because until there is a fracture it causes no symptoms, we know that static electricity is another concern with computers.', 'On the condition that it is a common misconception that either water is often harder to come by than food due to frozen conditions or either most oceanic water has concentration or osteoporosis is called the silent disease because until there is a fracture it causes no symptoms, it is definitely the case that epilepsy is a disorder of the brain in which seizures occur repeatedly.', 'The statement, epilepsy is a disorder of the brain in which seizures occur repeatedly, does not hold.']
|
Given that water is often harder to come by than food due to frozen conditions, it can be inferred that static electricity is another concern with computers. Provided that either most oceanic water has concentration or osteoporosis is called the silent disease because until there is a fracture it causes no symptoms, we know that static electricity is another concern with computers. On the condition that it is a common misconception that either water is often harder to come by than food due to frozen conditions or either most oceanic water has concentration or osteoporosis is called the silent disease because until there is a fracture it causes no symptoms, it is definitely the case that epilepsy is a disorder of the brain in which seizures occur repeatedly. The statement, epilepsy is a disorder of the brain in which seizures occur repeatedly, does not hold.
|
Those that suggest static electricity is another concern with computers are right.
|
Those that suggest static electricity is another concern with computers are right.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Static electricity is another concern with computers.', 1: 'Water is often harder to come by than food due to frozen conditions.', 2: 'Most oceanic water has concentration.', 3: 'Osteoporosis is called the silent disease because until there is a fracture it causes no symptoms.', 4: 'Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain in which seizures occur repeatedly.'}
| 2 |
1,624 |
['We know that either most doctors recommend chickenpox vaccine for almost all children or most marble polecats have furry tails.', "Whenever it is true that most doctors recommend chickenpox vaccine for almost all children, 'if salamanders are found all over the world generally in more temperate climates, then lampreys are the earliest extant vertebrate to have adopted an osmoregulatory strategy' is true.", 'Should it be the case that the claim that if most marble polecats have furry tails, then if salamanders are found all over the world generally in more temperate climates, then lampreys are the earliest extant vertebrate to have adopted an osmoregulatory strategy does not reflect reality, it follows that individual organisms have reproductive organs.', 'Those that suggest individual organisms have reproductive organs are wrong.']
|
We know that either most doctors recommend chickenpox vaccine for almost all children or most marble polecats have furry tails. Whenever it is true that most doctors recommend chickenpox vaccine for almost all children, 'if salamanders are found all over the world generally in more temperate climates, then lampreys are the earliest extant vertebrate to have adopted an osmoregulatory strategy' is true. Should it be the case that the claim that if most marble polecats have furry tails, then if salamanders are found all over the world generally in more temperate climates, then lampreys are the earliest extant vertebrate to have adopted an osmoregulatory strategy does not reflect reality, it follows that individual organisms have reproductive organs. Those that suggest individual organisms have reproductive organs are wrong.
|
One may reasonably assume that if salamanders are found all over the world generally in more temperate climates, then lampreys are the earliest extant vertebrate to have adopted an osmoregulatory strategy.
|
The notion that 'if salamanders are found all over the world generally in more temperate climates, then lampreys are the earliest extant vertebrate to have adopted an osmoregulatory strategy' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [0], then [1].).
If [3], then (If [0], then [1].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [3], then (If [0], then [1].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [3], then (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Salamanders are found all over the world generally in more temperate climates.', 1: 'Lampreys are the earliest extant vertebrate to have adopted an osmoregulatory strategy.', 2: 'Most doctors recommend chickenpox vaccine for almost all children.', 3: 'Most marble polecats have furry tails.', 4: 'Individual organisms have reproductive organs.'}
| 2 |
1,312 |
["The statement 'musicians are special people' can be considered false.", "Given that the notion that 'if chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood, then musicians are special people' is untrue, it can be inferred that moisture usually causes spore germination and decreases the activity of the preparation.", "Given that the notion that 'if chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood, then musicians are special people' is untrue, it can be inferred that the claim that moisture usually causes spore germination and decreases the activity of the preparation does not reflect reality."]
|
The statement 'musicians are special people' can be considered false. Given that the notion that 'if chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood, then musicians are special people' is untrue, it can be inferred that moisture usually causes spore germination and decreases the activity of the preparation. Given that the notion that 'if chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood, then musicians are special people' is untrue, it can be inferred that the claim that moisture usually causes spore germination and decreases the activity of the preparation does not reflect reality.
|
The statement that 'chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood' is incorrect.
|
The statement 'chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood' is true.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Chisels are used by artists to make statues and figures out of stone, marble, or wood.', 1: 'Musicians are special people.', 2: 'Moisture usually causes spore germination and decreases the activity of the preparation.'}
| 2 |
1,008 |
['Should it be the case that skunks eat a wide variety of food, it follows that either dances spins or whales are the largest things in the world.', 'Assuming the statement, skunks eat a wide variety of food, does not hold, we know that cocaine crosses the placenta by simple diffusion.', "Whenever it is true that the statement, skunks eat a wide variety of food, does not hold, 'the notion that 'cocaine crosses the placenta by simple diffusion' is untrue' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that skunks eat a wide variety of food, it follows that either dances spins or whales are the largest things in the world. Assuming the statement, skunks eat a wide variety of food, does not hold, we know that cocaine crosses the placenta by simple diffusion. Whenever it is true that the statement, skunks eat a wide variety of food, does not hold, 'the notion that 'cocaine crosses the placenta by simple diffusion' is untrue' is true.
|
It is a fact that either dances spins or whales are the largest things in the world.
|
It is a fact that either dances spins or whales are the largest things in the world.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [2].), then [3].
If (Not [2].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Dances spins.', 1: 'Whales are the largest things in the world.', 2: 'Skunks eat a wide variety of food.', 3: 'Cocaine crosses the placenta by simple diffusion.'}
| 2 |
1,529 |
['When nuts are high in fat but most of the fatty acids are unsaturated is true, it follows that pressure produces cloudy weather.', "At least one of two things is true: twins carry substantially more risk than a normal pregnancy, or if nuts are high in fat but most of the fatty acids are unsaturated, then the statement 'pressure produces cloudy weather' can be considered false.", 'Those that suggest twins carry substantially more risk than a normal pregnancy are wrong.']
|
When nuts are high in fat but most of the fatty acids are unsaturated is true, it follows that pressure produces cloudy weather. At least one of two things is true: twins carry substantially more risk than a normal pregnancy, or if nuts are high in fat but most of the fatty acids are unsaturated, then the statement 'pressure produces cloudy weather' can be considered false. Those that suggest twins carry substantially more risk than a normal pregnancy are wrong.
|
The notion that 'nuts are high in fat but most of the fatty acids are unsaturated' is untrue.
|
The statement that states nuts are typically too large for a duck to eat because they swallow their food whole is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Nuts are high in fat but most of the fatty acids are unsaturated.', 1: 'Pressure produces cloudy weather.', 2: 'Twins carry substantially more risk than a normal pregnancy.'}
| 2 |
1,876 |
['When the claim that hookworms are unique in their ability to penetrate human skin has no merit is true, it follows that if infectious diseases are a leading cause of death among infants, then people have sex.', 'It is rational to believe that either ringed seals are one of the main prey of polar bears or analyses involve equations.', "Given that ringed seals are one of the main prey of polar bears , it can be inferred that the notion that 'if infectious diseases are a leading cause of death among infants, then people have sex' is untrue.", "On the condition that analyses involve equations, it is definitely the case that the notion that 'if infectious diseases are a leading cause of death among infants, then people have sex' is untrue."]
|
When the claim that hookworms are unique in their ability to penetrate human skin has no merit is true, it follows that if infectious diseases are a leading cause of death among infants, then people have sex. It is rational to believe that either ringed seals are one of the main prey of polar bears or analyses involve equations. Given that ringed seals are one of the main prey of polar bears , it can be inferred that the notion that 'if infectious diseases are a leading cause of death among infants, then people have sex' is untrue. On the condition that analyses involve equations, it is definitely the case that the notion that 'if infectious diseases are a leading cause of death among infants, then people have sex' is untrue.
|
The idea that hookworms are unique in their ability to penetrate human skin is true.
|
Hookworms have (part) faces.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Hookworms are unique in their ability to penetrate human skin.', 1: 'Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death among infants.', 2: 'People have sex.', 3: 'Ringed seals are one of the main prey of polar bears .', 4: 'Analyses involve equations.'}
| 2 |
1,101 |
["Assuming either postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure or graves diseases are diseases, we know that the notion that 'colugos have (part) chests' is untrue.", "Once we know either pets promote the health and happiness of millions of people or sexual messages are pervasive in today's society, we also know that the notion that 'colugos have (part) chests' is untrue.", 'It is a fact that either if many seed plants are free living, then astronomy is the oldest of sciences or epithelial cells stick tight to one another.', "Given that if many seed plants are free living, then astronomy is the oldest of sciences, it can be inferred that either either postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure or graves diseases are diseases or either pets promote the health and happiness of millions of people or sexual messages are pervasive in today's society.", "When epithelial cells stick tight to one another is true, it follows that either either postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure or graves diseases are diseases or either pets promote the health and happiness of millions of people or sexual messages are pervasive in today's society."]
|
Assuming either postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure or graves diseases are diseases, we know that the notion that 'colugos have (part) chests' is untrue. Once we know either pets promote the health and happiness of millions of people or sexual messages are pervasive in today's society, we also know that the notion that 'colugos have (part) chests' is untrue. It is a fact that either if many seed plants are free living, then astronomy is the oldest of sciences or epithelial cells stick tight to one another. Given that if many seed plants are free living, then astronomy is the oldest of sciences, it can be inferred that either either postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure or graves diseases are diseases or either pets promote the health and happiness of millions of people or sexual messages are pervasive in today's society. When epithelial cells stick tight to one another is true, it follows that either either postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure or graves diseases are diseases or either pets promote the health and happiness of millions of people or sexual messages are pervasive in today's society.
|
The notion that 'colugos have (part) chests' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'colugos have (part) chests' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Either [3] or [4].). [SC1-1]
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [5], then [6].) or [7].
If (If [5], then [6].), then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Either [3] or [4].).).
If [7], then (Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Either [3] or [4].).).
Therefore, Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Either [3] or [4].)..
|
{0: 'Colugos have (part) chests.', 1: 'Postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure.', 2: 'Graves diseases are diseases.', 3: 'Pets promote the health and happiness of millions of people.', 4: "Sexual messages are pervasive in today's society.", 5: 'Many seed plants are free living.', 6: 'Astronomy is the oldest of sciences.', 7: 'Epithelial cells stick tight to one another.'}
| 2 |
1,615 |
["So long as we know that the claim that food improves dental health is false, 'the claim that internal respiration is exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid has no merit' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either landslip is a slide or purple martins drink while on the wing, skimming over lakes to scoop up water.', 'When landslip is a slide is true, it follows that if we know that the claim that food improves dental health is false, then internal respiration is exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid.', 'On the condition that purple martins drink while on the wing, skimming over lakes to scoop up water, it is definitely the case that if we know that the claim that food improves dental health is false, then internal respiration is exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid.']
|
So long as we know that the claim that food improves dental health is false, 'the claim that internal respiration is exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid has no merit' is true. There is good reason to believe that either landslip is a slide or purple martins drink while on the wing, skimming over lakes to scoop up water. When landslip is a slide is true, it follows that if we know that the claim that food improves dental health is false, then internal respiration is exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid. On the condition that purple martins drink while on the wing, skimming over lakes to scoop up water, it is definitely the case that if we know that the claim that food improves dental health is false, then internal respiration is exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid.
|
The statement 'food improves dental health' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'food improves dental health' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Food improves dental health.', 1: 'Internal respiration is exchange of gases between blood in systemic capillaries and tissue fluid.', 2: 'Landslip is a slide.', 3: 'Purple martins drink while on the wing, skimming over lakes to scoop up water.'}
| 2 |
1,520 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: all cats have their own personalities, or either key factors cause fluctuations or songs have (part) paragraphs.', "We know that either mangroves can be surprisingly resilient to water salinity or the statement 'all cats have their own personalities' can be considered false.", 'The claim that mangroves can be surprisingly resilient to water salinity does not correspond with reality.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: all cats have their own personalities, or either key factors cause fluctuations or songs have (part) paragraphs. We know that either mangroves can be surprisingly resilient to water salinity or the statement 'all cats have their own personalities' can be considered false. The claim that mangroves can be surprisingly resilient to water salinity does not correspond with reality.
|
There is good reason to believe that either key factors cause fluctuations or songs have (part) paragraphs.
|
There is good reason to believe that either key factors cause fluctuations or songs have (part) paragraphs.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Key factors cause fluctuations.', 1: 'Songs have (part) paragraphs.', 2: 'All cats have their own personalities.', 3: 'Mangroves can be surprisingly resilient to water salinity.'}
| 2 |
1,249 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: custard powder is a secret kept in many match anglers cupboards, or some recessive disorder affects mucuses.', "If custard powder is a secret kept in many match anglers cupboards, then the statement 'tracheids have obliquely-angled endwalls cut across by bars' can be considered false.", "If a polder is a land, then if some recessive disorder affects mucuses, then the statement 'tracheids have obliquely-angled endwalls cut across by bars' can be considered false.", 'It is rational to agree that a polder is a land.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: custard powder is a secret kept in many match anglers cupboards, or some recessive disorder affects mucuses. If custard powder is a secret kept in many match anglers cupboards, then the statement 'tracheids have obliquely-angled endwalls cut across by bars' can be considered false. If a polder is a land, then if some recessive disorder affects mucuses, then the statement 'tracheids have obliquely-angled endwalls cut across by bars' can be considered false. It is rational to agree that a polder is a land.
|
The statement 'tracheids have obliquely-angled endwalls cut across by bars' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'tracheids have obliquely-angled endwalls cut across by bars' can be considered false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then (Not [0].).).
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Tracheids have obliquely-angled endwalls cut across by bars.', 1: 'Custard powder is a secret kept in many match anglers cupboards.', 2: 'Some recessive disorder affects mucuses.', 3: 'A polder is a land.'}
| 2 |
1,278 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: aldosterone is mineralocorticoids, or systemic candida is a pre-morbid condition.', 'Should it be the case that aldosterone is mineralocorticoids, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that tree roots bind soil, preventing down-slope erosion during rains.', 'Once we know the claim that if systemic candida is a pre-morbid condition, then some people mistakenly believe that tree roots bind soil, preventing down-slope erosion during rains is false, we also know that carnivores are animals that feed on other animals.', 'Given that the claim that if systemic candida is a pre-morbid condition, then some people mistakenly believe that tree roots bind soil, preventing down-slope erosion during rains is false, it can be inferred that the claim that carnivores are animals that feed on other animals does not reflect reality.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: aldosterone is mineralocorticoids, or systemic candida is a pre-morbid condition. Should it be the case that aldosterone is mineralocorticoids, it follows that some people mistakenly believe that tree roots bind soil, preventing down-slope erosion during rains. Once we know the claim that if systemic candida is a pre-morbid condition, then some people mistakenly believe that tree roots bind soil, preventing down-slope erosion during rains is false, we also know that carnivores are animals that feed on other animals. Given that the claim that if systemic candida is a pre-morbid condition, then some people mistakenly believe that tree roots bind soil, preventing down-slope erosion during rains is false, it can be inferred that the claim that carnivores are animals that feed on other animals does not reflect reality.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that tree roots bind soil, preventing down-slope erosion during rains.
|
The claim that tree roots drink the water stored in the soil does not reflect reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then [3].
If (Not (If [2], then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Tree roots bind soil, preventing down-slope erosion during rains.', 1: 'Aldosterone is mineralocorticoids.', 2: 'Systemic candida is a pre-morbid condition.', 3: 'Carnivores are animals that feed on other animals.'}
| 2 |
1,424 |
['It is a simple truth that vaccination is the best way to protect against some forms of meningococcal meningitis.', "Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that if vaccination is the best way to protect against some forms of meningococcal meningitis, then drug interactions are a major health problem is false, 'if water quality is also important for terrestrial organisms, then genetic studies collide with the mystery of human evolution' is true.", 'Once we know we know that the claim that if vaccination is the best way to protect against some forms of meningococcal meningitis, then drug interactions are a major health problem is false, we also know that the statement that states if water quality is also important for terrestrial organisms, then genetic studies collide with the mystery of human evolution is false.']
|
It is a simple truth that vaccination is the best way to protect against some forms of meningococcal meningitis. Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that if vaccination is the best way to protect against some forms of meningococcal meningitis, then drug interactions are a major health problem is false, 'if water quality is also important for terrestrial organisms, then genetic studies collide with the mystery of human evolution' is true. Once we know we know that the claim that if vaccination is the best way to protect against some forms of meningococcal meningitis, then drug interactions are a major health problem is false, we also know that the statement that states if water quality is also important for terrestrial organisms, then genetic studies collide with the mystery of human evolution is false.
|
drug interactions are a major health problem.
|
It is not the case that drug interactions are a major health problem.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Drug interactions are a major health problem.', 1: 'Vaccination is the best way to protect against some forms of meningococcal meningitis.', 2: 'Water quality is also important for terrestrial organisms.', 3: 'Genetic studies collide with the mystery of human evolution.'}
| 2 |
1,384 |
['When love is a refrigerator covered with creative works of art is true, it follows that principal has (part) cytoplasm.', 'Given that business incubation is a dynamic process encouraging business enterprise development, it can be inferred that principal has (part) cytoplasm.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: obsidian can hold the sharpest edge known, or bacteria reproduce through cell division.', 'When obsidian can hold the sharpest edge known is true, it follows that love is a refrigerator covered with creative works of art.', 'Given that bacteria reproduce through cell division, it can be inferred that business incubation is a dynamic process encouraging business enterprise development.']
|
When love is a refrigerator covered with creative works of art is true, it follows that principal has (part) cytoplasm. Given that business incubation is a dynamic process encouraging business enterprise development, it can be inferred that principal has (part) cytoplasm. Either one or both of these statements are true: obsidian can hold the sharpest edge known, or bacteria reproduce through cell division. When obsidian can hold the sharpest edge known is true, it follows that love is a refrigerator covered with creative works of art. Given that bacteria reproduce through cell division, it can be inferred that business incubation is a dynamic process encouraging business enterprise development.
|
It is rational to agree that principal has (part) cytoplasm.
|
It is rational to agree that principal has (part) cytoplasm.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [1].
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Principal has (part) cytoplasm.', 1: 'Love is a refrigerator covered with creative works of art.', 2: 'Business incubation is a dynamic process encouraging business enterprise development.', 3: 'Obsidian can hold the sharpest edge known.', 4: 'Bacteria reproduce through cell division.'}
| 2 |
1,395 |
['Either lawn grass occupies more land than any single agricultural crop in the United States or a mental hospital is a hospital.', 'When a mental hospital is a hospital is true, it follows that pious agnosticism means acting as if.', 'At least one of two things is true: writing is floral arrangement with words, or bottles fill with fresh water.', 'Should it be the case that writing is floral arrangement with words, it follows that if lawn grass occupies more land than any single agricultural crop in the United States, then pious agnosticism means acting as if.', "So long as bottles fill with fresh water, 'if lawn grass occupies more land than any single agricultural crop in the United States, then pious agnosticism means acting as if' is true."]
|
Either lawn grass occupies more land than any single agricultural crop in the United States or a mental hospital is a hospital. When a mental hospital is a hospital is true, it follows that pious agnosticism means acting as if. At least one of two things is true: writing is floral arrangement with words, or bottles fill with fresh water. Should it be the case that writing is floral arrangement with words, it follows that if lawn grass occupies more land than any single agricultural crop in the United States, then pious agnosticism means acting as if. So long as bottles fill with fresh water, 'if lawn grass occupies more land than any single agricultural crop in the United States, then pious agnosticism means acting as if' is true.
|
It is the case that pious agnosticism means acting as if.
|
The statement 'pious agnosticism means acting as if' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Pious agnosticism means acting as if.', 1: 'Lawn grass occupies more land than any single agricultural crop in the United States.', 2: 'A mental hospital is a hospital.', 3: 'Writing is floral arrangement with words.', 4: 'Bottles fill with fresh water.'}
| 2 |
1,054 |
['Assuming if some carbon dioxide limits photosynthesis, then some mammals give birth to sheep, we know that some people mistakenly believe that if dentures take weeks or months to be made, then veracity is one of the most important bases of human society.', "So long as cordgrasses have (part) cytoplasm, 'some people mistakenly believe that if dentures take weeks or months to be made, then veracity is one of the most important bases of human society' is true.", 'It is rational to believe that either knobbly fruit has flavour or either if some carbon dioxide limits photosynthesis, then some mammals give birth to sheep or cordgrasses have (part) cytoplasm.', 'It is a common misconception that knobbly fruit has flavour.']
|
Assuming if some carbon dioxide limits photosynthesis, then some mammals give birth to sheep, we know that some people mistakenly believe that if dentures take weeks or months to be made, then veracity is one of the most important bases of human society. So long as cordgrasses have (part) cytoplasm, 'some people mistakenly believe that if dentures take weeks or months to be made, then veracity is one of the most important bases of human society' is true. It is rational to believe that either knobbly fruit has flavour or either if some carbon dioxide limits photosynthesis, then some mammals give birth to sheep or cordgrasses have (part) cytoplasm. It is a common misconception that knobbly fruit has flavour.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that if dentures take weeks or months to be made, then veracity is one of the most important bases of human society.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that if dentures take weeks or months to be made, then veracity is one of the most important bases of human society.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]. [SC1-1]
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].).
Not [5].
Therefore, Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4]..
|
{0: 'Dentures take weeks or months to be made.', 1: 'Veracity is one of the most important bases of human society.', 2: 'Some carbon dioxide limits photosynthesis.', 3: 'Some mammals give birth to sheep.', 4: 'Cordgrasses have (part) cytoplasm.', 5: 'Knobbly fruit has flavour.'}
| 2 |
1,034 |
['Provided that those that suggest men have backs are wrong, we know that the statement that states silk plants have purposes is false.', "Whenever it is true that the claim that if those that suggest men have backs are wrong, then silk plants have purposes does not reflect reality, 'custodial care refers to care primarily to help with the activities of daily living' is true.", 'Those that suggest custodial care refers to care primarily to help with the activities of daily living are wrong.']
|
Provided that those that suggest men have backs are wrong, we know that the statement that states silk plants have purposes is false. Whenever it is true that the claim that if those that suggest men have backs are wrong, then silk plants have purposes does not reflect reality, 'custodial care refers to care primarily to help with the activities of daily living' is true. Those that suggest custodial care refers to care primarily to help with the activities of daily living are wrong.
|
It is fair to say that men have backs.
|
It is fair to say that men have backs.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Men have backs.', 1: 'Silk plants have purposes.', 2: 'Custodial care refers to care primarily to help with the activities of daily living.'}
| 2 |
1,271 |
['It is not true that macular edema can occur in eyes with vascular sheathing, and it often is cystoid in nature.', 'Assuming the claim that either macular edema can occur in eyes with vascular sheathing, and it often is cystoid in nature or spatial information is encoded by means of magnetic field gradients has no merit, we know that modifiers are moderators.', 'It is not true that modifiers are moderators.']
|
It is not true that macular edema can occur in eyes with vascular sheathing, and it often is cystoid in nature. Assuming the claim that either macular edema can occur in eyes with vascular sheathing, and it often is cystoid in nature or spatial information is encoded by means of magnetic field gradients has no merit, we know that modifiers are moderators. It is not true that modifiers are moderators.
|
Those that suggest spatial information is encoded by means of magnetic field gradients are right.
|
We know that the claim that spatial information is encoded by means of magnetic field gradients is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Spatial information is encoded by means of magnetic field gradients.', 1: 'Macular edema can occur in eyes with vascular sheathing, and it often is cystoid in nature.', 2: 'Modifiers are moderators.'}
| 2 |
1,030 |
['Either animals lead sessile existence or many mothers feel babies sleep better after a bath.', 'Either obesity is a risk factor for colon cancer in both men and women, reports a federal researcher or some people mistakenly believe that animals lead sessile existence.', 'The statement, obesity is a risk factor for colon cancer in both men and women, reports a federal researcher, does not hold.']
|
Either animals lead sessile existence or many mothers feel babies sleep better after a bath. Either obesity is a risk factor for colon cancer in both men and women, reports a federal researcher or some people mistakenly believe that animals lead sessile existence. The statement, obesity is a risk factor for colon cancer in both men and women, reports a federal researcher, does not hold.
|
The statement 'many mothers feel babies sleep better after a bath' is true.
|
The statement 'many mothers feel babies sleep better after a bath' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Many mothers feel babies sleep better after a bath.', 1: 'Animals lead sessile existence.', 2: 'Obesity is a risk factor for colon cancer in both men and women, reports a federal researcher.'}
| 2 |
1,403 |
["Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that most herbivores feed on potato is false, 'husbands to engage in careers' is true.", "So long as the statement, if we know that the claim that most herbivores feed on potato is false, then some people mistakenly believe that husbands to engage in careers, does not hold, 'reef fish are fish' is true.", 'If the statement, if we know that the claim that most herbivores feed on potato is false, then some people mistakenly believe that husbands to engage in careers, does not hold, then some people mistakenly believe that reef fish are fish.']
|
Whenever it is true that we know that the claim that most herbivores feed on potato is false, 'husbands to engage in careers' is true. So long as the statement, if we know that the claim that most herbivores feed on potato is false, then some people mistakenly believe that husbands to engage in careers, does not hold, 'reef fish are fish' is true. If the statement, if we know that the claim that most herbivores feed on potato is false, then some people mistakenly believe that husbands to engage in careers, does not hold, then some people mistakenly believe that reef fish are fish.
|
It is a simple truth that most herbivores feed on potato.
|
Most herbivores depend on plants.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most herbivores feed on potato.', 1: 'Husbands to engage in careers.', 2: 'Reef fish are fish.'}
| 2 |
1,757 |
["Whenever it is true that some dogs are more extreme in the expression of their inborn characteristics, 'the claim that gross imports refer to the flow of imported goods released by the customs is false' is true.", 'Should it be the case that if some reptiles actually live in the ocean, then diamonds are one of the crystalline forms of carbon, it follows that the claim that gross imports refer to the flow of imported goods released by the customs is false.', 'Given that ranches have (part) attics, it can be inferred that either some dogs are more extreme in the expression of their inborn characteristics or if some reptiles actually live in the ocean, then diamonds are one of the crystalline forms of carbon.', 'We can assume that ranches have (part) attics.']
|
Whenever it is true that some dogs are more extreme in the expression of their inborn characteristics, 'the claim that gross imports refer to the flow of imported goods released by the customs is false' is true. Should it be the case that if some reptiles actually live in the ocean, then diamonds are one of the crystalline forms of carbon, it follows that the claim that gross imports refer to the flow of imported goods released by the customs is false. Given that ranches have (part) attics, it can be inferred that either some dogs are more extreme in the expression of their inborn characteristics or if some reptiles actually live in the ocean, then diamonds are one of the crystalline forms of carbon. We can assume that ranches have (part) attics.
|
The claim that gross imports refer to the flow of imported goods released by the customs is false.
|
The claim that gross imports refer to the flow of imported goods released by the customs is false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).).
[4]
Therefore, Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'Gross imports refer to the flow of imported goods released by the customs.', 1: 'Some dogs are more extreme in the expression of their inborn characteristics.', 2: 'Some reptiles actually live in the ocean.', 3: 'Diamonds are one of the crystalline forms of carbon.', 4: 'Ranches have (part) attics.'}
| 2 |
1,975 |
['We know that either english literature is a kind of training in social ethics or some people believe that it is OK to catch fish as long as they are returned to the water.', "On the condition that some people believe that it is OK to catch fish as long as they are returned to the water, it is definitely the case that either plasma passes through long tubes or red clover is a 'herb' promoted for health.", "Once we know most smoke affects sperm quality, we also know that if english literature is a kind of training in social ethics, then either plasma passes through long tubes or red clover is a 'herb' promoted for health.", "The statement 'most smoke affects sperm quality' is true."]
|
We know that either english literature is a kind of training in social ethics or some people believe that it is OK to catch fish as long as they are returned to the water. On the condition that some people believe that it is OK to catch fish as long as they are returned to the water, it is definitely the case that either plasma passes through long tubes or red clover is a 'herb' promoted for health. Once we know most smoke affects sperm quality, we also know that if english literature is a kind of training in social ethics, then either plasma passes through long tubes or red clover is a 'herb' promoted for health. The statement 'most smoke affects sperm quality' is true.
|
At least one of two things is true: plasma passes through long tubes, or red clover is a 'herb' promoted for health.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: plasma cathodes as electron emission sources for microwave devices, or red clover has a branched taproot and extensive surface roots.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
[4]
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Plasma passes through long tubes.', 1: "Red clover is a 'herb' promoted for health.", 2: 'English literature is a kind of training in social ethics.', 3: 'Some people believe that it is OK to catch fish as long as they are returned to the water.', 4: 'Most smoke affects sperm quality.'}
| 2 |
1,990 |
['When most lacquers begin to dry quickly, so avoid going over areas that have already been coated is true, it follows that dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes who have been infected with the dengue virus.', 'At least one of two things is true: exhaust is the waste smoke , or some people mistakenly believe that dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes who have been infected with the dengue virus.', 'The claim that exhaust is the waste smoke does not reflect reality.']
|
When most lacquers begin to dry quickly, so avoid going over areas that have already been coated is true, it follows that dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes who have been infected with the dengue virus. At least one of two things is true: exhaust is the waste smoke , or some people mistakenly believe that dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes who have been infected with the dengue virus. The claim that exhaust is the waste smoke does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that most lacquers begin to dry quickly, so avoid going over areas that have already been coated does not reflect reality.
|
The notion that 'lacquers are glossy, semi gloss or matte' is untrue.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most lacquers begin to dry quickly, so avoid going over areas that have already been coated.', 1: 'Dengue fever is transmitted by mosquitoes who have been infected with the dengue virus.', 2: 'Exhaust is the waste smoke .'}
| 2 |
1,457 |
['When it is not true that japan lies in a zone of tectonic and volcanic activities and it has much precipitation every year is true, it follows that pregnancy has no long-term adverse effects on the course of sarcoidosis.', 'We know that either a stroller is a container or authors describe occurrences.', "Assuming a stroller is a container, we know that if it is not true that japan lies in a zone of tectonic and volcanic activities and it has much precipitation every year, then the statement 'pregnancy has no long-term adverse effects on the course of sarcoidosis' can be considered false.", "When authors describe occurrences is true, it follows that if it is not true that japan lies in a zone of tectonic and volcanic activities and it has much precipitation every year, then the statement 'pregnancy has no long-term adverse effects on the course of sarcoidosis' can be considered false."]
|
When it is not true that japan lies in a zone of tectonic and volcanic activities and it has much precipitation every year is true, it follows that pregnancy has no long-term adverse effects on the course of sarcoidosis. We know that either a stroller is a container or authors describe occurrences. Assuming a stroller is a container, we know that if it is not true that japan lies in a zone of tectonic and volcanic activities and it has much precipitation every year, then the statement 'pregnancy has no long-term adverse effects on the course of sarcoidosis' can be considered false. When authors describe occurrences is true, it follows that if it is not true that japan lies in a zone of tectonic and volcanic activities and it has much precipitation every year, then the statement 'pregnancy has no long-term adverse effects on the course of sarcoidosis' can be considered false.
|
The claim that japan lies in a zone of tectonic and volcanic activities and it has much precipitation every year holds true.
|
Japan has four main islands running from north to south.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Japan lies in a zone of tectonic and volcanic activities and it has much precipitation every year.', 1: 'Pregnancy has no long-term adverse effects on the course of sarcoidosis.', 2: 'A stroller is a container.', 3: 'Authors describe occurrences.'}
| 2 |
1,362 |
["So long as many companies make futons, and there are many kinds of futons, 'chard is a vegetable' is true.", 'It is rational to believe that either congruence is the responsibility of senior leaders or head lice are tiny insects that lay eggs, or nits, that stick to hair very close to the scalp.', 'Should it be the case that congruence is the responsibility of senior leaders, it follows that if arbovirus is short for ar thropod- bo rne virus , then many companies make futons, and there are many kinds of futons.', "So long as head lice are tiny insects that lay eggs, or nits, that stick to hair very close to the scalp, 'if arbovirus is short for ar thropod- bo rne virus , then many companies make futons, and there are many kinds of futons' is true."]
|
So long as many companies make futons, and there are many kinds of futons, 'chard is a vegetable' is true. It is rational to believe that either congruence is the responsibility of senior leaders or head lice are tiny insects that lay eggs, or nits, that stick to hair very close to the scalp. Should it be the case that congruence is the responsibility of senior leaders, it follows that if arbovirus is short for ar thropod- bo rne virus , then many companies make futons, and there are many kinds of futons. So long as head lice are tiny insects that lay eggs, or nits, that stick to hair very close to the scalp, 'if arbovirus is short for ar thropod- bo rne virus , then many companies make futons, and there are many kinds of futons' is true.
|
Provided that arbovirus is short for ar thropod- bo rne virus , we know that chard is a vegetable
|
Provided that arbovirus is short for ar thropod- bo rne virus , we know that chard is a vegetable
|
TRUE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [0], then [2].).
If [4], then (If [0], then [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Arbovirus is short for ar thropod- bo rne virus .', 1: 'Chard is a vegetable.', 2: 'Many companies make futons, and there are many kinds of futons.', 3: 'Congruence is the responsibility of senior leaders.', 4: 'Head lice are tiny insects that lay eggs, or nits, that stick to hair very close to the scalp.'}
| 2 |
1,860 |
['It is a common misconception that most insects have four to eight molts, but some have over twenty.', 'Should it be the case that it is not the case that either most insects have four to eight molts, but some have over twenty or tadpoles enter ponds, it follows that animal studies using lead acetate, a closely related chemical, are inconclusive.', "The statement that 'animal studies using lead acetate, a closely related chemical, are inconclusive' is incorrect."]
|
It is a common misconception that most insects have four to eight molts, but some have over twenty. Should it be the case that it is not the case that either most insects have four to eight molts, but some have over twenty or tadpoles enter ponds, it follows that animal studies using lead acetate, a closely related chemical, are inconclusive. The statement that 'animal studies using lead acetate, a closely related chemical, are inconclusive' is incorrect.
|
The idea that tadpoles enter ponds is true.
|
The idea that tadpoles enter ponds is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Tadpoles enter ponds.', 1: 'Most insects have four to eight molts, but some have over twenty.', 2: 'Animal studies using lead acetate, a closely related chemical, are inconclusive.'}
| 2 |
1,483 |
['We know that either either steroid hormones lead to problems or cadmium telluride is used to make electricity in solar cells or some venomous creatures can help save lives.', 'Assuming historians have (part) personality, we know that we know that the claim that either steroid hormones lead to problems or cadmium telluride is used to make electricity in solar cells is false.', 'It is fair to say that historians have (part) personality.']
|
We know that either either steroid hormones lead to problems or cadmium telluride is used to make electricity in solar cells or some venomous creatures can help save lives. Assuming historians have (part) personality, we know that we know that the claim that either steroid hormones lead to problems or cadmium telluride is used to make electricity in solar cells is false. It is fair to say that historians have (part) personality.
|
Those that suggest some venomous creatures can help save lives are right.
|
Venomous creatures can often use their poison as a weapon.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or [0].
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Some venomous creatures can help save lives.', 1: 'Steroid hormones lead to problems.', 2: 'Cadmium telluride is used to make electricity in solar cells.', 3: 'Historians have (part) personality.'}
| 2 |
1,580 |
['Given that panther chameleons have tongues, it can be inferred that most canned soups are very high in sodium.', 'If sheep require water, then most canned soups are very high in sodium.', 'There is good reason to believe that either mature trees maintain desirable microclimates and shelter wildlife or school districts are responsible for increasing the efficiency of delivering educational services.', 'Should it be the case that mature trees maintain desirable microclimates and shelter wildlife, it follows that panther chameleons have tongues.', "So long as school districts are responsible for increasing the efficiency of delivering educational services, 'sheep require water' is true."]
|
Given that panther chameleons have tongues, it can be inferred that most canned soups are very high in sodium. If sheep require water, then most canned soups are very high in sodium. There is good reason to believe that either mature trees maintain desirable microclimates and shelter wildlife or school districts are responsible for increasing the efficiency of delivering educational services. Should it be the case that mature trees maintain desirable microclimates and shelter wildlife, it follows that panther chameleons have tongues. So long as school districts are responsible for increasing the efficiency of delivering educational services, 'sheep require water' is true.
|
The claim that most canned soups are very high in sodium is true.
|
It is not true that most canned soups are very high in sodium.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [1].
If [4], then [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Most canned soups are very high in sodium.', 1: 'Panther chameleons have tongues.', 2: 'Sheep require water.', 3: 'Mature trees maintain desirable microclimates and shelter wildlife.', 4: 'School districts are responsible for increasing the efficiency of delivering educational services.'}
| 2 |
1,986 |
['There is good reason to believe that either sexual assault can be a method of homophobic violence or either ozone is injected into a venturi through which water is flowing or hydroxyl emits some of the brightest radiation of all the molecules.', 'It is a fact that either inadequate water is another common problem with indoor plants or the claim that sexual assault can be a method of homophobic violence does not correspond with reality.', 'It is not true that inadequate water is another common problem with indoor plants.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either sexual assault can be a method of homophobic violence or either ozone is injected into a venturi through which water is flowing or hydroxyl emits some of the brightest radiation of all the molecules. It is a fact that either inadequate water is another common problem with indoor plants or the claim that sexual assault can be a method of homophobic violence does not correspond with reality. It is not true that inadequate water is another common problem with indoor plants.
|
It is a fact that either ozone is injected into a venturi through which water is flowing or hydroxyl emits some of the brightest radiation of all the molecules.
|
We know that either ozone is the chief component of urban smog or hydroxyls are both softer and weaker than the glass.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Not [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Ozone is injected into a venturi through which water is flowing.', 1: 'Hydroxyl emits some of the brightest radiation of all the molecules.', 2: 'Sexual assault can be a method of homophobic violence.', 3: 'Inadequate water is another common problem with indoor plants.'}
| 2 |
1,688 |
["Assuming the statement that 'hereditary pancreatitis is caused by a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene' is incorrect, we know that if aircraft engines produce many different emissions, then anger creates enormous stress that damages the cardiovascular system.", 'Assuming if tiger sharks undergo seasonal migrations, then women are much more likely than men to be victims of elder abuse, we know that the statement, if aircraft engines produce many different emissions, then anger creates enormous stress that damages the cardiovascular system, does not hold.', 'When tiger sharks undergo seasonal migrations is true, it follows that women are much more likely than men to be victims of elder abuse.']
|
Assuming the statement that 'hereditary pancreatitis is caused by a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene' is incorrect, we know that if aircraft engines produce many different emissions, then anger creates enormous stress that damages the cardiovascular system. Assuming if tiger sharks undergo seasonal migrations, then women are much more likely than men to be victims of elder abuse, we know that the statement, if aircraft engines produce many different emissions, then anger creates enormous stress that damages the cardiovascular system, does not hold. When tiger sharks undergo seasonal migrations is true, it follows that women are much more likely than men to be victims of elder abuse.
|
The claim that hereditary pancreatitis is caused by a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene is true.
|
The claim that hereditary pancreatitis is caused by a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
If [3], then [4].
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Hereditary pancreatitis is caused by a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene.', 1: 'Aircraft engines produce many different emissions.', 2: 'Anger creates enormous stress that damages the cardiovascular system.', 3: 'Tiger sharks undergo seasonal migrations.', 4: 'Women are much more likely than men to be victims of elder abuse.'}
| 2 |
1,864 |
['The claim that molds grow on our foods and often spoil our food has no merit.', 'Given that the statement, if a meow is a cry, then most turtles visit islands, does not hold, it can be inferred that many traffickers require women and children to feign consent.', 'When many traffickers require women and children to feign consent is true, it follows that molds grow on our foods and often spoil our food.']
|
The claim that molds grow on our foods and often spoil our food has no merit. Given that the statement, if a meow is a cry, then most turtles visit islands, does not hold, it can be inferred that many traffickers require women and children to feign consent. When many traffickers require women and children to feign consent is true, it follows that molds grow on our foods and often spoil our food.
|
If a meow is a cry, then most turtles visit islands.
|
It is a common misconception that if a meow is a cry, then most turtles visit islands.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [3].
If [3], then [2].
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'A meow is a cry.', 1: 'Most turtles visit islands.', 2: 'Molds grow on our foods and often spoil our food.', 3: 'Many traffickers require women and children to feign consent.'}
| 2 |
1,927 |
['If pucks are disks, then either japanese bills are the same width, but differ in color and length or technology therefore includes the many diverse tools that human beings use to solve problems.', 'Once we know we know that the claim that pucks are disks is false, we also know that if some emperor penguins are the only birds that never set foot on land, then eruptions have devastate effects.', 'The claim that if some emperor penguins are the only birds that never set foot on land, then eruptions have devastate effects has no merit.']
|
If pucks are disks, then either japanese bills are the same width, but differ in color and length or technology therefore includes the many diverse tools that human beings use to solve problems. Once we know we know that the claim that pucks are disks is false, we also know that if some emperor penguins are the only birds that never set foot on land, then eruptions have devastate effects. The claim that if some emperor penguins are the only birds that never set foot on land, then eruptions have devastate effects has no merit.
|
It is rational to believe that either japanese bills are the same width, but differ in color and length or technology therefore includes the many diverse tools that human beings use to solve problems.
|
There is good reason to believe that either some mites harbor diseases like the red spider or technology are the things and methods which humans use to make tasks easier.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [2].), then (If [3], then [4].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Japanese bills are the same width, but differ in color and length.', 1: 'Technology therefore includes the many diverse tools that human beings use to solve problems.', 2: 'Pucks are disks.', 3: 'Some emperor penguins are the only birds that never set foot on land.', 4: 'Eruptions have devastate effects.'}
| 2 |
1,378 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: researchers pursue advance degrees, or either glutamine appearance is increased in precachectic tumor-bearing rats or sodium bicarbonate is stable under long-term storage conditions and is nontoxic and noncorrosive.', 'Once we know researchers pursue advance degrees, we also know that compression produces the release of electrons.', 'It is a common misconception that compression produces the release of electrons.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: researchers pursue advance degrees, or either glutamine appearance is increased in precachectic tumor-bearing rats or sodium bicarbonate is stable under long-term storage conditions and is nontoxic and noncorrosive. Once we know researchers pursue advance degrees, we also know that compression produces the release of electrons. It is a common misconception that compression produces the release of electrons.
|
At least one of two things is true: glutamine appearance is increased in precachectic tumor-bearing rats, or sodium bicarbonate is stable under long-term storage conditions and is nontoxic and noncorrosive.
|
At least one of two things is true: glutamine appearance is increased in precachectic tumor-bearing rats, or sodium bicarbonate is stable under long-term storage conditions and is nontoxic and noncorrosive.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [2], then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Glutamine appearance is increased in precachectic tumor-bearing rats.', 1: 'Sodium bicarbonate is stable under long-term storage conditions and is nontoxic and noncorrosive.', 2: 'Researchers pursue advance degrees.', 3: 'Compression produces the release of electrons.'}
| 2 |
1,320 |
["Assuming collation is collections, we know that the statement that 'most chickens reach maturity' is incorrect.", 'Provided that the statement that states if collation is collections, then most chickens reach maturity is false, we know that most paper has fiber.', 'It is not the case that most paper has fiber.']
|
Assuming collation is collections, we know that the statement that 'most chickens reach maturity' is incorrect. Provided that the statement that states if collation is collections, then most chickens reach maturity is false, we know that most paper has fiber. It is not the case that most paper has fiber.
|
It is a common misconception that collation is collections.
|
The claim that collation is a meal has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Collation is collections.', 1: 'Most chickens reach maturity.', 2: 'Most paper has fiber.'}
| 2 |
1,942 |
['If accidents do happen sometimes, then chloramines are harmful only when they directly enter the bloodstream through the dialysis process.', 'It is rational to believe that either all persons born in the United States are citizens of the United States or monopoly rents become the main form of wealth extraction.', 'One may reasonably assume that if all persons born in the United States are citizens of the United States, then if some tail fins are part of gars, then accidents do happen sometimes.', 'Provided that monopoly rents become the main form of wealth extraction, we know that if some tail fins are part of gars, then accidents do happen sometimes.']
|
If accidents do happen sometimes, then chloramines are harmful only when they directly enter the bloodstream through the dialysis process. It is rational to believe that either all persons born in the United States are citizens of the United States or monopoly rents become the main form of wealth extraction. One may reasonably assume that if all persons born in the United States are citizens of the United States, then if some tail fins are part of gars, then accidents do happen sometimes. Provided that monopoly rents become the main form of wealth extraction, we know that if some tail fins are part of gars, then accidents do happen sometimes.
|
Whenever it is true that some tail fins are part of gars, 'chloramines are harmful only when they directly enter the bloodstream through the dialysis process' is true.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that if some tail fins are part of gars, then chloramines are harmful only when they directly enter the bloodstream through the dialysis process.
|
FALSE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [0], then [2].).
If [4], then (If [0], then [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Some tail fins are part of gars.', 1: 'Chloramines are harmful only when they directly enter the bloodstream through the dialysis process.', 2: 'Accidents do happen sometimes.', 3: 'All persons born in the United States are citizens of the United States.', 4: 'Monopoly rents become the main form of wealth extraction.'}
| 2 |
1,351 |
['Once we know different parents have different ways of nurturing and bringing out the best in their children, we also know that some male chimpanzees attain dominance.', 'Should it be the case that poultry is done when juices run clear and fully cooked fish flakes with a fork, it follows that some male chimpanzees attain dominance.', "Whenever it is true that it is not true that either different parents have different ways of nurturing and bringing out the best in their children or poultry is done when juices run clear and fully cooked fish flakes with a fork, 'either phosphate is soft drinks or hummingbirds are among the most delightful of the wild creatures attracted to gardens' is true.", "Whenever it is true that it is not true that either different parents have different ways of nurturing and bringing out the best in their children or poultry is done when juices run clear and fully cooked fish flakes with a fork, 'those that suggest either phosphate is soft drinks or hummingbirds are among the most delightful of the wild creatures attracted to gardens are wrong' is true."]
|
Once we know different parents have different ways of nurturing and bringing out the best in their children, we also know that some male chimpanzees attain dominance. Should it be the case that poultry is done when juices run clear and fully cooked fish flakes with a fork, it follows that some male chimpanzees attain dominance. Whenever it is true that it is not true that either different parents have different ways of nurturing and bringing out the best in their children or poultry is done when juices run clear and fully cooked fish flakes with a fork, 'either phosphate is soft drinks or hummingbirds are among the most delightful of the wild creatures attracted to gardens' is true. Whenever it is true that it is not true that either different parents have different ways of nurturing and bringing out the best in their children or poultry is done when juices run clear and fully cooked fish flakes with a fork, 'those that suggest either phosphate is soft drinks or hummingbirds are among the most delightful of the wild creatures attracted to gardens are wrong' is true.
|
It is reasonable to believe that some male chimpanzees attain dominance.
|
Male chimpanzees are well known for violence , including the killing of the young.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then (Not (Either [3] or [4].).).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Some male chimpanzees attain dominance.', 1: 'Different parents have different ways of nurturing and bringing out the best in their children.', 2: 'Poultry is done when juices run clear and fully cooked fish flakes with a fork.', 3: 'Phosphate is soft drinks.', 4: 'Hummingbirds are among the most delightful of the wild creatures attracted to gardens.'}
| 2 |
1,418 |
['Those that suggest bald eagles are located in trees are right.', 'Assuming some people mistakenly believe that if bald eagles are located in trees, then either animal life includes deer, fox, coyote, armadillo, rabbit, squirrel, otter, nutria, and others or people have drink problems, we know that if causative superstitions make something happen, then directional microphones receive sound more efficiently from one direction than from others.', 'The statement that states if causative superstitions make something happen, then directional microphones receive sound more efficiently from one direction than from others is false.']
|
Those that suggest bald eagles are located in trees are right. Assuming some people mistakenly believe that if bald eagles are located in trees, then either animal life includes deer, fox, coyote, armadillo, rabbit, squirrel, otter, nutria, and others or people have drink problems, we know that if causative superstitions make something happen, then directional microphones receive sound more efficiently from one direction than from others. The statement that states if causative superstitions make something happen, then directional microphones receive sound more efficiently from one direction than from others is false.
|
It is a fact that either animal life includes deer, fox, coyote, armadillo, rabbit, squirrel, otter, nutria, and others or people have drink problems.
|
The statement that 'either animal life includes deer, fox, coyote, armadillo, rabbit, squirrel, otter, nutria, and others or people have drink problems' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then (If [3], then [4].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Animal life includes deer, fox, coyote, armadillo, rabbit, squirrel, otter, nutria, and others.', 1: 'People have drink problems.', 2: 'Bald eagles are located in trees.', 3: 'Causative superstitions make something happen.', 4: 'Directional microphones receive sound more efficiently from one direction than from others.'}
| 2 |
1,945 |
['When it is not true that clinical biochemists are passionate about their profession is true, it follows that the claim that smoking causes disease and death does not correspond with reality.', 'Assuming storm drains vary in design from small residential dry wells to large municipal systems , we know that if it is not true that clinical biochemists are passionate about their profession, then smoking causes disease and death.', 'It is rational to agree that storm drains vary in design from small residential dry wells to large municipal systems .']
|
When it is not true that clinical biochemists are passionate about their profession is true, it follows that the claim that smoking causes disease and death does not correspond with reality. Assuming storm drains vary in design from small residential dry wells to large municipal systems , we know that if it is not true that clinical biochemists are passionate about their profession, then smoking causes disease and death. It is rational to agree that storm drains vary in design from small residential dry wells to large municipal systems .
|
The statement 'clinical biochemists are passionate about their profession' can be considered true.
|
Obedience is both the manifestation and evidence of faith.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Clinical biochemists are passionate about their profession.', 1: 'Smoking causes disease and death.', 2: 'Storm drains vary in design from small residential dry wells to large municipal systems .'}
| 2 |
1,795 |
['Once we know danger affects human health, we also know that those that suggest if capsaicin is worth considering for the chronic pain of lupus, then data communications happen over the Internet are wrong.', 'On the condition that the claim that danger affects human health has no merit, it is definitely the case that grounding allows shields to work by draining away potentials.', "Once we know the claim that danger affects human health has no merit, we also know that the notion that 'grounding allows shields to work by draining away potentials' is untrue."]
|
Once we know danger affects human health, we also know that those that suggest if capsaicin is worth considering for the chronic pain of lupus, then data communications happen over the Internet are wrong. On the condition that the claim that danger affects human health has no merit, it is definitely the case that grounding allows shields to work by draining away potentials. Once we know the claim that danger affects human health has no merit, we also know that the notion that 'grounding allows shields to work by draining away potentials' is untrue.
|
Those that suggest if capsaicin is worth considering for the chronic pain of lupus, then data communications happen over the Internet are wrong.
|
Those that suggest if capsaicin is worth considering for the chronic pain of lupus, then data communications happen over the Internet are wrong.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
[2] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [2].), then [3].
If (Not [2].), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, [2].
|
{0: 'Capsaicin is worth considering for the chronic pain of lupus.', 1: 'Data communications happen over the Internet.', 2: 'Danger affects human health.', 3: 'Grounding allows shields to work by draining away potentials.'}
| 2 |
1,145 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: rats feed on diets, or most mines occur on cotyledons and the first true leaves.', 'Assuming most mines occur on cotyledons and the first true leaves, we know that excess protein can also lead to potential health risks, from kidney damage to osteoporosis.', "Provided that the statement that 'if rats feed on diets, then excess protein can also lead to potential health risks, from kidney damage to osteoporosis' is incorrect, we know that cold water is located in water fountains.", 'It is not the case that cold water is located in water fountains.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: rats feed on diets, or most mines occur on cotyledons and the first true leaves. Assuming most mines occur on cotyledons and the first true leaves, we know that excess protein can also lead to potential health risks, from kidney damage to osteoporosis. Provided that the statement that 'if rats feed on diets, then excess protein can also lead to potential health risks, from kidney damage to osteoporosis' is incorrect, we know that cold water is located in water fountains. It is not the case that cold water is located in water fountains.
|
The claim that excess protein can also lead to potential health risks, from kidney damage to osteoporosis holds true.
|
Excess protein can put strain on the liver and kidneys.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Excess protein can also lead to potential health risks, from kidney damage to osteoporosis.', 1: 'Rats feed on diets.', 2: 'Most mines occur on cotyledons and the first true leaves.', 3: 'Cold water is located in water fountains.'}
| 2 |
1,826 |
["If the notion that 'mites feed by sucking sap from the plant' is untrue, then most insects eat plants.", "Provided that piano tuning is a skill that can be practiced in any city one chooses, we know that the statement 'most insects eat plants' can be considered false.", 'The statement that states piano tuning is a skill that can be practiced in any city one chooses is right.']
|
If the notion that 'mites feed by sucking sap from the plant' is untrue, then most insects eat plants. Provided that piano tuning is a skill that can be practiced in any city one chooses, we know that the statement 'most insects eat plants' can be considered false. The statement that states piano tuning is a skill that can be practiced in any city one chooses is right.
|
It is fair to say that mites feed by sucking sap from the plant.
|
Some mites have areas.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Mites feed by sucking sap from the plant.', 1: 'Most insects eat plants.', 2: 'Piano tuning is a skill that can be practiced in any city one chooses.'}
| 2 |
1,492 |
['Provided that either turtles are distinctive because they live inside shells or guenons are expressive vocally, we know that the statement, some digital cameras allow manual control of aperture and shutter speed, does not hold.', 'It is a fact that either bobs are dying or either turtles are distinctive because they live inside shells or guenons are expressive vocally.', 'The claim that bobs are dying has no merit.']
|
Provided that either turtles are distinctive because they live inside shells or guenons are expressive vocally, we know that the statement, some digital cameras allow manual control of aperture and shutter speed, does not hold. It is a fact that either bobs are dying or either turtles are distinctive because they live inside shells or guenons are expressive vocally. The claim that bobs are dying has no merit.
|
The statement, some digital cameras allow manual control of aperture and shutter speed, does not hold.
|
The statement, some digital cameras allow manual control of aperture and shutter speed, does not hold.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Not [0].).
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [1] or [2].).
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Some digital cameras allow manual control of aperture and shutter speed.', 1: 'Turtles are distinctive because they live inside shells.', 2: 'Guenons are expressive vocally.', 3: 'Bobs are dying.'}
| 2 |
1,751 |
['Once we know if some blood cholesterol causes diseases, then some herbs use for purposes, we also know that grasshoppers are cocktails.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: systemic change involves all the parts of the system, or if if some blood cholesterol causes diseases, then some herbs use for purposes, then it is a common misconception that grasshoppers are cocktails.', "The statement 'systemic change involves all the parts of the system' can be considered false."]
|
Once we know if some blood cholesterol causes diseases, then some herbs use for purposes, we also know that grasshoppers are cocktails. We know that at least one of two things is true: systemic change involves all the parts of the system, or if if some blood cholesterol causes diseases, then some herbs use for purposes, then it is a common misconception that grasshoppers are cocktails. The statement 'systemic change involves all the parts of the system' can be considered false.
|
The notion that 'if some blood cholesterol causes diseases, then some herbs use for purposes' is untrue.
|
The claim that blood cholesterol is very serious and can lead to heart attacks, kidney failure, and strokes has no merit.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [0], then [1].), then [2].
If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].).).
Not [3].
Therefore, If (If [0], then [1].), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Some blood cholesterol causes diseases.', 1: 'Some herbs use for purposes.', 2: 'Grasshoppers are cocktails.', 3: 'Systemic change involves all the parts of the system.'}
| 2 |
1,240 |
["The statement 'republicans are for law and order' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either powerful earthquakes destroy structures or pharmacists have to work during the nights, weekends, and holidays.', 'When powerful earthquakes destroy structures is true, it follows that if republicans are for law and order, then either skin eliminates dioxide or sex hormones interact at critical life stages to produce profound differences.', "So long as pharmacists have to work during the nights, weekends, and holidays, 'if republicans are for law and order, then either skin eliminates dioxide or sex hormones interact at critical life stages to produce profound differences' is true."]
|
The statement 'republicans are for law and order' is true. There is good reason to believe that either powerful earthquakes destroy structures or pharmacists have to work during the nights, weekends, and holidays. When powerful earthquakes destroy structures is true, it follows that if republicans are for law and order, then either skin eliminates dioxide or sex hormones interact at critical life stages to produce profound differences. So long as pharmacists have to work during the nights, weekends, and holidays, 'if republicans are for law and order, then either skin eliminates dioxide or sex hormones interact at critical life stages to produce profound differences' is true.
|
It is rational to believe that either skin eliminates dioxide or sex hormones interact at critical life stages to produce profound differences.
|
It is not true that either skin eliminates dioxide or sex hormones interact at critical life stages to produce profound differences.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [4], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Skin eliminates dioxide.', 1: 'Sex hormones interact at critical life stages to produce profound differences.', 2: 'Republicans are for law and order.', 3: 'Powerful earthquakes destroy structures.', 4: 'Pharmacists have to work during the nights, weekends, and holidays.'}
| 2 |
1,648 |
['Either platters are located in cabinets or gravel roads can be muddy after heavy rain.', 'Given that platters are located in cabinets, it can be inferred that flags are more than just symbols.', 'When gravel roads can be muddy after heavy rain is true, it follows that northwest wind is wind.', "So long as northwest wind is wind, 'flags are more than just symbols' is true."]
|
Either platters are located in cabinets or gravel roads can be muddy after heavy rain. Given that platters are located in cabinets, it can be inferred that flags are more than just symbols. When gravel roads can be muddy after heavy rain is true, it follows that northwest wind is wind. So long as northwest wind is wind, 'flags are more than just symbols' is true.
|
It is rational to agree that flags are more than just symbols.
|
The claim that flags are more than just symbols is false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [2], then [3].
If [3], then [0].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Flags are more than just symbols.', 1: 'Platters are located in cabinets.', 2: 'Gravel roads can be muddy after heavy rain.', 3: 'Northwest wind is wind.'}
| 2 |
1,886 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: cantors are humans, or a booger is a mucus.', 'Given that a booger is a mucus, it can be inferred that some beetles destroy crops.', 'Should it be the case that if loggerheads have a very short migratory distance, then most hedge funds are small specialist shops with two or three people, it follows that if cantors are humans, then some beetles destroy crops.', 'When loggerheads have a very short migratory distance is true, it follows that most hedge funds are small specialist shops with two or three people.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: cantors are humans, or a booger is a mucus. Given that a booger is a mucus, it can be inferred that some beetles destroy crops. Should it be the case that if loggerheads have a very short migratory distance, then most hedge funds are small specialist shops with two or three people, it follows that if cantors are humans, then some beetles destroy crops. When loggerheads have a very short migratory distance is true, it follows that most hedge funds are small specialist shops with two or three people.
|
It is reasonable to believe that some beetles destroy crops.
|
Beetles eat all kinds of insects, even slugs.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If [1], then [0].).
If [3], then [4].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Some beetles destroy crops.', 1: 'Cantors are humans.', 2: 'A booger is a mucus.', 3: 'Loggerheads have a very short migratory distance.', 4: 'Most hedge funds are small specialist shops with two or three people.'}
| 2 |
1,144 |
['When the statement that states reclamation is the process of restoring a site to a safe and environmentally stable condition is false is true, it follows that immunizations are an essential part of well-child care and are included in routine visits.', 'When immunizations are an essential part of well-child care and are included in routine visits is true, it follows that turtles have two special sets of respiratory muscles.', 'It is a common misconception that turtles have two special sets of respiratory muscles.']
|
When the statement that states reclamation is the process of restoring a site to a safe and environmentally stable condition is false is true, it follows that immunizations are an essential part of well-child care and are included in routine visits. When immunizations are an essential part of well-child care and are included in routine visits is true, it follows that turtles have two special sets of respiratory muscles. It is a common misconception that turtles have two special sets of respiratory muscles.
|
reclamation is the process of restoring a site to a safe and environmentally stable condition.
|
Reclamation is the process of restoring a site to a safe and environmentally stable condition.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Reclamation is the process of restoring a site to a safe and environmentally stable condition.', 1: 'Immunizations are an essential part of well-child care and are included in routine visits.', 2: 'Turtles have two special sets of respiratory muscles.'}
| 2 |
1,767 |
['Should it be the case that either some monkeys have periods or molecules are close together and free to move past one another, it follows that pole vaulters are special people, with special needs.', 'At least one of two things is true: levies are also a means to collect debts in Florida, or communism means violent repression.', 'Once we know levies are also a means to collect debts in Florida, we also know that either some monkeys have periods or molecules are close together and free to move past one another.', 'Should it be the case that communism means violent repression, it follows that either some monkeys have periods or molecules are close together and free to move past one another.']
|
Should it be the case that either some monkeys have periods or molecules are close together and free to move past one another, it follows that pole vaulters are special people, with special needs. At least one of two things is true: levies are also a means to collect debts in Florida, or communism means violent repression. Once we know levies are also a means to collect debts in Florida, we also know that either some monkeys have periods or molecules are close together and free to move past one another. Should it be the case that communism means violent repression, it follows that either some monkeys have periods or molecules are close together and free to move past one another.
|
It is a simple truth that pole vaulters are special people, with special needs.
|
It is a simple truth that pole vaulters are special people, with special needs.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [4], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Pole vaulters are special people, with special needs.', 1: 'Some monkeys have periods.', 2: 'Molecules are close together and free to move past one another.', 3: 'Levies are also a means to collect debts in Florida.', 4: 'Communism means violent repression.'}
| 2 |
1,999 |
["One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'viruses also cause measles, mumps, yellow fever, poliomyelitis, influenza and the common cold' is untrue, then either many women assume that urinary leakage is a normal part of aging or most wildlife biologists study characteristics.", "Should it be the case that collar cells are the work horses of the sponge, it follows that the notion that 'either many women assume that urinary leakage is a normal part of aging or most wildlife biologists study characteristics' is untrue.", "The statement 'collar cells are the work horses of the sponge' can be considered true."]
|
One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'viruses also cause measles, mumps, yellow fever, poliomyelitis, influenza and the common cold' is untrue, then either many women assume that urinary leakage is a normal part of aging or most wildlife biologists study characteristics. Should it be the case that collar cells are the work horses of the sponge, it follows that the notion that 'either many women assume that urinary leakage is a normal part of aging or most wildlife biologists study characteristics' is untrue. The statement 'collar cells are the work horses of the sponge' can be considered true.
|
It is rational to agree that viruses also cause measles, mumps, yellow fever, poliomyelitis, influenza and the common cold.
|
We know that the claim that viruses also cause measles, mumps, yellow fever, poliomyelitis, influenza and the common cold is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Viruses also cause measles, mumps, yellow fever, poliomyelitis, influenza and the common cold.', 1: 'Many women assume that urinary leakage is a normal part of aging.', 2: 'Most wildlife biologists study characteristics.', 3: 'Collar cells are the work horses of the sponge.'}
| 2 |
1,467 |
['Either matter has chemical energy or fear is an emotion, a feeling.', "So long as fear is an emotion, a feeling, 'frogs play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies' is true.", 'We know that at least one of two things is true: adult education is a professional learning experience, or earwigs are active at night and hide during the day.', 'On the condition that adult education is a professional learning experience, it is definitely the case that if matter has chemical energy, then frogs play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies.', 'Provided that earwigs are active at night and hide during the day, we know that if matter has chemical energy, then frogs play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies.']
|
Either matter has chemical energy or fear is an emotion, a feeling. So long as fear is an emotion, a feeling, 'frogs play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies' is true. We know that at least one of two things is true: adult education is a professional learning experience, or earwigs are active at night and hide during the day. On the condition that adult education is a professional learning experience, it is definitely the case that if matter has chemical energy, then frogs play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies. Provided that earwigs are active at night and hide during the day, we know that if matter has chemical energy, then frogs play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies.
|
The claim that frogs play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies holds true.
|
The claim that frogs play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [4], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Frogs play a vital role in eradicating insect pests in rice paddies.', 1: 'Matter has chemical energy.', 2: 'Fear is an emotion, a feeling.', 3: 'Adult education is a professional learning experience.', 4: 'Earwigs are active at night and hide during the day.'}
| 2 |
1,315 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: turtles eat little creatures that feed on algae, or most viruses can also replicate themselves.', "So long as turtles eat little creatures that feed on algae, 'percolation theory deals with spatial patterns in randomly assembled systems' is true.", 'Should it be the case that turtles eat little creatures that feed on algae, it follows that it is a common misconception that percolation theory deals with spatial patterns in randomly assembled systems.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: turtles eat little creatures that feed on algae, or most viruses can also replicate themselves. So long as turtles eat little creatures that feed on algae, 'percolation theory deals with spatial patterns in randomly assembled systems' is true. Should it be the case that turtles eat little creatures that feed on algae, it follows that it is a common misconception that percolation theory deals with spatial patterns in randomly assembled systems.
|
It is fair to say that most viruses can also replicate themselves.
|
It is fair to say that most viruses can also replicate themselves.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most viruses can also replicate themselves.', 1: 'Turtles eat little creatures that feed on algae.', 2: 'Percolation theory deals with spatial patterns in randomly assembled systems.'}
| 2 |
1,989 |
['There is good reason to believe that either wood chips are very high in carbon, but low in nitrogen or most cows get calcium.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: chamomile is one of the most popular herbal therapies in the world, or fishing is by the use of artificial flies and lures only.', "Whenever it is true that chamomile is one of the most popular herbal therapies in the world, 'if either wood chips are very high in carbon, but low in nitrogen or most cows get calcium, then either most people use weather forecasts to plan the future or some duckweeds grow on hog wastewater' is true.", 'Once we know fishing is by the use of artificial flies and lures only, we also know that if either wood chips are very high in carbon, but low in nitrogen or most cows get calcium, then either most people use weather forecasts to plan the future or some duckweeds grow on hog wastewater.']
|
There is good reason to believe that either wood chips are very high in carbon, but low in nitrogen or most cows get calcium. We know that at least one of two things is true: chamomile is one of the most popular herbal therapies in the world, or fishing is by the use of artificial flies and lures only. Whenever it is true that chamomile is one of the most popular herbal therapies in the world, 'if either wood chips are very high in carbon, but low in nitrogen or most cows get calcium, then either most people use weather forecasts to plan the future or some duckweeds grow on hog wastewater' is true. Once we know fishing is by the use of artificial flies and lures only, we also know that if either wood chips are very high in carbon, but low in nitrogen or most cows get calcium, then either most people use weather forecasts to plan the future or some duckweeds grow on hog wastewater.
|
At least one of two things is true: most people use weather forecasts to plan the future, or some duckweeds grow on hog wastewater.
|
At least one of two things is true: most people use weather forecasts to plan the future, or some duckweeds grow on hog wastewater.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
Either [2] or [3].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [5], then (If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Most people use weather forecasts to plan the future.', 1: 'Some duckweeds grow on hog wastewater.', 2: 'Wood chips are very high in carbon, but low in nitrogen.', 3: 'Most cows get calcium.', 4: 'Chamomile is one of the most popular herbal therapies in the world.', 5: 'Fishing is by the use of artificial flies and lures only.'}
| 2 |
1,922 |
['It is a fact that either capitalism is a totalitarian superorganism or either all atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, and are neutrally charged or most oxygen gases have weight.', 'Given that capitalism is a totalitarian superorganism, it can be inferred that calcium helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women.', 'If it is a common misconception that if either all atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, and are neutrally charged or most oxygen gases have weight, then calcium helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women, then forces produce accelerations.', "So long as it is a common misconception that if either all atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, and are neutrally charged or most oxygen gases have weight, then calcium helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women, 'the claim that forces produce accelerations is false' is true."]
|
It is a fact that either capitalism is a totalitarian superorganism or either all atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, and are neutrally charged or most oxygen gases have weight. Given that capitalism is a totalitarian superorganism, it can be inferred that calcium helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women. If it is a common misconception that if either all atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, and are neutrally charged or most oxygen gases have weight, then calcium helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women, then forces produce accelerations. So long as it is a common misconception that if either all atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, and are neutrally charged or most oxygen gases have weight, then calcium helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women, 'the claim that forces produce accelerations is false' is true.
|
It is fair to say that calcium helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women.
|
It is fair to say that calcium helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then [0].
If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].).), then [4].
If (Not (If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0].).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If (Either [2] or [3].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Calcium helps build and maintain bone to prevent osteoporosis later, for both men and women.', 1: 'Capitalism is a totalitarian superorganism.', 2: 'All atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, and are neutrally charged.', 3: 'Most oxygen gases have weight.', 4: 'Forces produce accelerations.'}
| 2 |
1,717 |
['At least one of two things is true: squats are motion, or survival rates vary widely by cell type and stage of disease.', "Whenever it is true that gemstones can have various colors and flaws, 'those that suggest squats are motion are wrong' is true.", 'Those that suggest gemstones can have various colors and flaws are right.']
|
At least one of two things is true: squats are motion, or survival rates vary widely by cell type and stage of disease. Whenever it is true that gemstones can have various colors and flaws, 'those that suggest squats are motion are wrong' is true. Those that suggest gemstones can have various colors and flaws are right.
|
The claim that survival rates vary widely by cell type and stage of disease holds true.
|
Survival rates jump dramatically when cancers are detected at an early, localized stage.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Survival rates vary widely by cell type and stage of disease.', 1: 'Squats are motion.', 2: 'Gemstones can have various colors and flaws.'}
| 2 |
1,458 |
["So long as some people mistakenly believe that a leg bone is a long bone, 'aardvarks are animals' is true.", "It is rational to believe that either if tourism is a major contributor to the Quebec City economy, then animals form social relationships with caretakers, too or the statement 'aardvarks are animals' can be considered false.", 'The claim that if tourism is a major contributor to the Quebec City economy, then animals form social relationships with caretakers, too does not reflect reality.']
|
So long as some people mistakenly believe that a leg bone is a long bone, 'aardvarks are animals' is true. It is rational to believe that either if tourism is a major contributor to the Quebec City economy, then animals form social relationships with caretakers, too or the statement 'aardvarks are animals' can be considered false. The claim that if tourism is a major contributor to the Quebec City economy, then animals form social relationships with caretakers, too does not reflect reality.
|
It is true that a leg bone is a long bone.
|
It is true that a leg bone is a long bone.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not [1].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'A leg bone is a long bone.', 1: 'Aardvarks are animals.', 2: 'Tourism is a major contributor to the Quebec City economy.', 3: 'Animals form social relationships with caretakers, too.'}
| 2 |
1,773 |
['It is a fact that either herons have (part) chest cavities or plants are quite drought-resistant except during flowering.', 'When herons have (part) chest cavities is true, it follows that buffoons have (part) personality.', "There is good reason to believe that either women are integral to the healthy functioning of the planet or political jokes are popular because they're lies about liars.", 'One may reasonably assume that if women are integral to the healthy functioning of the planet, then if plants are quite drought-resistant except during flowering, then buffoons have (part) personality.', "So long as political jokes are popular because they're lies about liars, 'if plants are quite drought-resistant except during flowering, then buffoons have (part) personality' is true."]
|
It is a fact that either herons have (part) chest cavities or plants are quite drought-resistant except during flowering. When herons have (part) chest cavities is true, it follows that buffoons have (part) personality. There is good reason to believe that either women are integral to the healthy functioning of the planet or political jokes are popular because they're lies about liars. One may reasonably assume that if women are integral to the healthy functioning of the planet, then if plants are quite drought-resistant except during flowering, then buffoons have (part) personality. So long as political jokes are popular because they're lies about liars, 'if plants are quite drought-resistant except during flowering, then buffoons have (part) personality' is true.
|
It is a simple truth that buffoons have (part) personality.
|
It is a simple truth that buffoons have (part) personality.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [2], then [0].).
If [4], then (If [2], then [0].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Buffoons have (part) personality.', 1: 'Herons have (part) chest cavities.', 2: 'Plants are quite drought-resistant except during flowering.', 3: 'Women are integral to the healthy functioning of the planet.', 4: "Political jokes are popular because they're lies about liars."}
| 2 |
1,204 |
['The claim that mediation is a method of dispute resolution is false.', 'Assuming the claim that either mediation is a method of dispute resolution or intense sensitivity can lead quickly to feelings of rejection, inadequacy, guilt, and loneliness is false, we know that if most prey is captured by individuals, then every child has the right to health, food, water, sanitation and housing.', 'The claim that if most prey is captured by individuals, then every child has the right to health, food, water, sanitation and housing has no merit.']
|
The claim that mediation is a method of dispute resolution is false. Assuming the claim that either mediation is a method of dispute resolution or intense sensitivity can lead quickly to feelings of rejection, inadequacy, guilt, and loneliness is false, we know that if most prey is captured by individuals, then every child has the right to health, food, water, sanitation and housing. The claim that if most prey is captured by individuals, then every child has the right to health, food, water, sanitation and housing has no merit.
|
It is rational to agree that intense sensitivity can lead quickly to feelings of rejection, inadequacy, guilt, and loneliness.
|
The claim that intense sensitivity can lead quickly to feelings of rejection, inadequacy, guilt, and loneliness does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Intense sensitivity can lead quickly to feelings of rejection, inadequacy, guilt, and loneliness.', 1: 'Mediation is a method of dispute resolution.', 2: 'Most prey is captured by individuals.', 3: 'Every child has the right to health, food, water, sanitation and housing.'}
| 2 |
1,834 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that hOME is the home directory that is used for cron.', 'At least one of two things is true: tables are arrays, or chordates are organisms with a stiffening rod along one side.', "Provided that tables are arrays, we know that if the notion that 'business is located in skyscrapers' is untrue, then hOME is the home directory that is used for cron.", "If chordates are organisms with a stiffening rod along one side, then if the notion that 'business is located in skyscrapers' is untrue, then hOME is the home directory that is used for cron."]
|
Some people mistakenly believe that hOME is the home directory that is used for cron. At least one of two things is true: tables are arrays, or chordates are organisms with a stiffening rod along one side. Provided that tables are arrays, we know that if the notion that 'business is located in skyscrapers' is untrue, then hOME is the home directory that is used for cron. If chordates are organisms with a stiffening rod along one side, then if the notion that 'business is located in skyscrapers' is untrue, then hOME is the home directory that is used for cron.
|
It is rational to agree that business is located in skyscrapers.
|
It is rational to agree that business is located in skyscrapers.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Business is located in skyscrapers.', 1: 'HOME is the home directory that is used for cron.', 2: 'Tables are arrays.', 3: 'Chordates are organisms with a stiffening rod along one side.'}
| 2 |
1,832 |
["The statement 'either every ethnic group speak different language or light radiation consists of both visible light and ultraviolet and infrared light' can be considered false.", "Assuming either childhood begins after the baby's first birthday and continues until the teens or offices are mayors, we know that if the claim that snow often lingers well into the summer on steep mountain slopes has no merit, then either every ethnic group speak different language or light radiation consists of both visible light and ultraviolet and infrared light.", "At least one of two things is true: childhood begins after the baby's first birthday and continues until the teens, or offices are mayors."]
|
The statement 'either every ethnic group speak different language or light radiation consists of both visible light and ultraviolet and infrared light' can be considered false. Assuming either childhood begins after the baby's first birthday and continues until the teens or offices are mayors, we know that if the claim that snow often lingers well into the summer on steep mountain slopes has no merit, then either every ethnic group speak different language or light radiation consists of both visible light and ultraviolet and infrared light. At least one of two things is true: childhood begins after the baby's first birthday and continues until the teens, or offices are mayors.
|
The claim that snow often lingers well into the summer on steep mountain slopes is true.
|
We know that the claim that snow often lingers well into the summer on steep mountain slopes is false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).
Either [3] or [4].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Snow often lingers well into the summer on steep mountain slopes.', 1: 'Every ethnic group speak different language.', 2: 'Light radiation consists of both visible light and ultraviolet and infrared light.', 3: "Childhood begins after the baby's first birthday and continues until the teens.", 4: 'Offices are mayors.'}
| 2 |
1,435 |
['Provided that the statement, vrusk hands are circular pads with five fingers spaced evenly around the edge, does not hold, we know that if nematodes display a diversity of lifestyles, being either free-living or parasitic organisms, then biologists find interest.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if the statement, vrusk hands are circular pads with five fingers spaced evenly around the edge, does not hold, then it is not true that if nematodes display a diversity of lifestyles, being either free-living or parasitic organisms, then biologists find interest has no merit, then sand dunes occupy only a fraction of the Saharan landscape.', 'Once we know the claim that if the statement, vrusk hands are circular pads with five fingers spaced evenly around the edge, does not hold, then it is not true that if nematodes display a diversity of lifestyles, being either free-living or parasitic organisms, then biologists find interest has no merit, we also know that the claim that sand dunes occupy only a fraction of the Saharan landscape does not reflect reality.']
|
Provided that the statement, vrusk hands are circular pads with five fingers spaced evenly around the edge, does not hold, we know that if nematodes display a diversity of lifestyles, being either free-living or parasitic organisms, then biologists find interest. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if the statement, vrusk hands are circular pads with five fingers spaced evenly around the edge, does not hold, then it is not true that if nematodes display a diversity of lifestyles, being either free-living or parasitic organisms, then biologists find interest has no merit, then sand dunes occupy only a fraction of the Saharan landscape. Once we know the claim that if the statement, vrusk hands are circular pads with five fingers spaced evenly around the edge, does not hold, then it is not true that if nematodes display a diversity of lifestyles, being either free-living or parasitic organisms, then biologists find interest has no merit, we also know that the claim that sand dunes occupy only a fraction of the Saharan landscape does not reflect reality.
|
It is fair to say that vrusk hands are circular pads with five fingers spaced evenly around the edge.
|
It is fair to say that vrusk hands are circular pads with five fingers spaced evenly around the edge.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).), then [3].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Vrusk hands are circular pads with five fingers spaced evenly around the edge.', 1: 'Nematodes display a diversity of lifestyles, being either free-living or parasitic organisms.', 2: 'Biologists find interest.', 3: 'Sand dunes occupy only a fraction of the Saharan landscape.'}
| 2 |
1,005 |
['At least one of two things is true: most skunks live in burrows, or simulation has values.', 'There is good reason to believe that either if a griffon is a gun dog, then whales offer a host of opportunities for the adventurous diver or if either most skunks live in burrows or simulation has values, then most elephants suffer from cardiovascular problems.', 'It is not the case that if a griffon is a gun dog, then whales offer a host of opportunities for the adventurous diver.']
|
At least one of two things is true: most skunks live in burrows, or simulation has values. There is good reason to believe that either if a griffon is a gun dog, then whales offer a host of opportunities for the adventurous diver or if either most skunks live in burrows or simulation has values, then most elephants suffer from cardiovascular problems. It is not the case that if a griffon is a gun dog, then whales offer a host of opportunities for the adventurous diver.
|
most elephants suffer from cardiovascular problems.
|
Elephants live in loving family units.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]. [SC1-1]
Either [1] or [2].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Most elephants suffer from cardiovascular problems.', 1: 'Most skunks live in burrows.', 2: 'Simulation has values.', 3: 'A griffon is a gun dog.', 4: 'Whales offer a host of opportunities for the adventurous diver.'}
| 2 |
1,769 |
['The claim that a maar is a crater is true.', "Should it be the case that the statement 'if a maar is a crater, then the notion that 'male species tend to have slightly enlarged nasal structures and eyes' is untrue' can be considered false, it follows that hemochromatosis occurs when the intestine absorbs too much iron from food.", "Should it be the case that the statement 'if a maar is a crater, then the notion that 'male species tend to have slightly enlarged nasal structures and eyes' is untrue' can be considered false, it follows that those that suggest hemochromatosis occurs when the intestine absorbs too much iron from food are wrong."]
|
The claim that a maar is a crater is true. Should it be the case that the statement 'if a maar is a crater, then the notion that 'male species tend to have slightly enlarged nasal structures and eyes' is untrue' can be considered false, it follows that hemochromatosis occurs when the intestine absorbs too much iron from food. Should it be the case that the statement 'if a maar is a crater, then the notion that 'male species tend to have slightly enlarged nasal structures and eyes' is untrue' can be considered false, it follows that those that suggest hemochromatosis occurs when the intestine absorbs too much iron from food are wrong.
|
The notion that 'male species tend to have slightly enlarged nasal structures and eyes' is untrue.
|
It is the case that male species tend to have slightly enlarged nasal structures and eyes.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [2].
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Male species tend to have slightly enlarged nasal structures and eyes.', 1: 'A maar is a crater.', 2: 'Hemochromatosis occurs when the intestine absorbs too much iron from food.'}
| 2 |
1,679 |
['At least one of two things is true: fitness has two components, aerobic and muscular, or if programming languages are how people talk to computers, then negative pressure is the same as tension.', 'Assuming if programming languages are how people talk to computers, then negative pressure is the same as tension, we know that the claim that some diets focus on sandwiches does not correspond with reality.', "We know that at least one of two things is true: soil acidity is a perennial problem because of Mississippi's warm, rainy climate, or if chemicals spills over large body areas Remove contaminated clothing while under shower, then some repellents contain a mixture of tobacco dust and dried blood meal.", "On the condition that soil acidity is a perennial problem because of Mississippi's warm, rainy climate, it is definitely the case that if fitness has two components, aerobic and muscular, then the claim that some diets focus on sandwiches does not correspond with reality.", 'Provided that if chemicals spills over large body areas Remove contaminated clothing while under shower, then some repellents contain a mixture of tobacco dust and dried blood meal, we know that if fitness has two components, aerobic and muscular, then the claim that some diets focus on sandwiches does not correspond with reality.']
|
At least one of two things is true: fitness has two components, aerobic and muscular, or if programming languages are how people talk to computers, then negative pressure is the same as tension. Assuming if programming languages are how people talk to computers, then negative pressure is the same as tension, we know that the claim that some diets focus on sandwiches does not correspond with reality. We know that at least one of two things is true: soil acidity is a perennial problem because of Mississippi's warm, rainy climate, or if chemicals spills over large body areas Remove contaminated clothing while under shower, then some repellents contain a mixture of tobacco dust and dried blood meal. On the condition that soil acidity is a perennial problem because of Mississippi's warm, rainy climate, it is definitely the case that if fitness has two components, aerobic and muscular, then the claim that some diets focus on sandwiches does not correspond with reality. Provided that if chemicals spills over large body areas Remove contaminated clothing while under shower, then some repellents contain a mixture of tobacco dust and dried blood meal, we know that if fitness has two components, aerobic and muscular, then the claim that some diets focus on sandwiches does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that some diets focus on sandwiches does not correspond with reality.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that some diets consist of corn.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [4] or (If [5], then [6].).
If [4], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
If (If [5], then [6].), then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Some diets focus on sandwiches.', 1: 'Fitness has two components, aerobic and muscular.', 2: 'Programming languages are how people talk to computers.', 3: 'Negative pressure is the same as tension.', 4: "Soil acidity is a perennial problem because of Mississippi's warm, rainy climate.", 5: 'Chemicals spills over large body areas Remove contaminated clothing while under shower.', 6: 'Some repellents contain a mixture of tobacco dust and dried blood meal.'}
| 2 |
1,722 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: orangutan hair is thin and shaggy, or women have (part) legs.', "Whenever it is true that orangutan hair is thin and shaggy, 'men can suffer from the trauma associated with eating disorders just as readily as women can' is true.", 'Either facial paralysis is paralysis or if women have (part) legs, then men can suffer from the trauma associated with eating disorders just as readily as women can.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that facial paralysis is paralysis.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: orangutan hair is thin and shaggy, or women have (part) legs. Whenever it is true that orangutan hair is thin and shaggy, 'men can suffer from the trauma associated with eating disorders just as readily as women can' is true. Either facial paralysis is paralysis or if women have (part) legs, then men can suffer from the trauma associated with eating disorders just as readily as women can. Some people mistakenly believe that facial paralysis is paralysis.
|
The statement 'men can suffer from the trauma associated with eating disorders just as readily as women can' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'men can suffer from the trauma associated with eating disorders just as readily as women can' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [2], then [0].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Men can suffer from the trauma associated with eating disorders just as readily as women can.', 1: 'Orangutan hair is thin and shaggy.', 2: 'Women have (part) legs.', 3: 'Facial paralysis is paralysis.'}
| 2 |
1,215 |
['Once we know it is not the case that hummingbirds love red flowers, we also know that it is not true that either refinement is excellence or flexible thumbs means the person is flexible about changes in life.', 'When families often fall apart under the stress of caring for their adult child is true, it follows that if it is not the case that hummingbirds love red flowers, then either refinement is excellence or flexible thumbs means the person is flexible about changes in life.', 'It is true that families often fall apart under the stress of caring for their adult child.']
|
Once we know it is not the case that hummingbirds love red flowers, we also know that it is not true that either refinement is excellence or flexible thumbs means the person is flexible about changes in life. When families often fall apart under the stress of caring for their adult child is true, it follows that if it is not the case that hummingbirds love red flowers, then either refinement is excellence or flexible thumbs means the person is flexible about changes in life. It is true that families often fall apart under the stress of caring for their adult child.
|
hummingbirds love red flowers.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that hummingbirds love red flowers.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Hummingbirds love red flowers.', 1: 'Refinement is excellence.', 2: 'Flexible thumbs means the person is flexible about changes in life.', 3: 'Families often fall apart under the stress of caring for their adult child.'}
| 2 |
1,653 |
["Whenever it is true that millipedes are video games, 'brown algas live in shallow water' is true.", 'There is good reason to believe that either insurance is designed to provide protection from catastrophic loss or millipedes are video games.', 'The claim that insurance is designed to provide protection from catastrophic loss does not reflect reality.']
|
Whenever it is true that millipedes are video games, 'brown algas live in shallow water' is true. There is good reason to believe that either insurance is designed to provide protection from catastrophic loss or millipedes are video games. The claim that insurance is designed to provide protection from catastrophic loss does not reflect reality.
|
The statement that states brown algas live in shallow water is right.
|
Brown algas grow in marine water.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Brown algas live in shallow water.', 1: 'Millipedes are video games.', 2: 'Insurance is designed to provide protection from catastrophic loss.'}
| 2 |
1,150 |
["One may reasonably assume that if if tea can inhibit the absorption of iron, then retinoic acid promotes photoreceptor differentiation in rat retinal cell cultures, then the notion that 'biology is the scientific study of life - in principle, anyway' is untrue.", 'Once we know tea can inhibit the absorption of iron, we also know that either totems are sacred to Native cultures or apocrine glands have a widely-dilated duct lined by two layers of cuboidal cells.', 'Should it be the case that either totems are sacred to Native cultures or apocrine glands have a widely-dilated duct lined by two layers of cuboidal cells, it follows that retinoic acid promotes photoreceptor differentiation in rat retinal cell cultures.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if if tea can inhibit the absorption of iron, then retinoic acid promotes photoreceptor differentiation in rat retinal cell cultures, then the notion that 'biology is the scientific study of life - in principle, anyway' is untrue. Once we know tea can inhibit the absorption of iron, we also know that either totems are sacred to Native cultures or apocrine glands have a widely-dilated duct lined by two layers of cuboidal cells. Should it be the case that either totems are sacred to Native cultures or apocrine glands have a widely-dilated duct lined by two layers of cuboidal cells, it follows that retinoic acid promotes photoreceptor differentiation in rat retinal cell cultures.
|
The notion that 'biology is the scientific study of life - in principle, anyway' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'biology is the scientific study of life - in principle, anyway' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [1], then [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [1], then (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [2].
Therefore, If [1], then [2]..
|
{0: 'Biology is the scientific study of life - in principle, anyway.', 1: 'Tea can inhibit the absorption of iron.', 2: 'Retinoic acid promotes photoreceptor differentiation in rat retinal cell cultures.', 3: 'Totems are sacred to Native cultures.', 4: 'Apocrine glands have a widely-dilated duct lined by two layers of cuboidal cells.'}
| 2 |
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