id
int64 0
7k
| premises
stringlengths 118
4.1k
| paragraph
stringlengths 111
4.06k
| conclusion
stringlengths 15
240
| question
stringlengths 14
249
| label
stringclasses 3
values | arg
stringlengths 54
2.02k
| statements
stringlengths 51
1.12k
| depth
int64 1
7
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,105 |
['It is not true that water loss occurs rapidly when excercising at high altitude.', 'On the condition that the statement, if the claim that some serpents wash up on beaches does not correspond with reality, then water loss occurs rapidly when excercising at high altitude, does not hold, it is definitely the case that veneers are coating.', 'If the statement, if the claim that some serpents wash up on beaches does not correspond with reality, then water loss occurs rapidly when excercising at high altitude, does not hold, then we know that the claim that veneers are coating is false.']
|
It is not true that water loss occurs rapidly when excercising at high altitude. On the condition that the statement, if the claim that some serpents wash up on beaches does not correspond with reality, then water loss occurs rapidly when excercising at high altitude, does not hold, it is definitely the case that veneers are coating. If the statement, if the claim that some serpents wash up on beaches does not correspond with reality, then water loss occurs rapidly when excercising at high altitude, does not hold, then we know that the claim that veneers are coating is false.
|
The idea that some serpents wash up on beaches is true.
|
The idea that some serpents wash up on beaches is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Some serpents wash up on beaches.', 1: 'Water loss occurs rapidly when excercising at high altitude.', 2: 'Veneers are coating.'}
| 2 |
1,068 |
['It is true that cows prefer to stand in the water during summer so they can get cooling.', "So long as the claim that if cows prefer to stand in the water during summer so they can get cooling, then mares come from rangelands primarily in Nevada, California, Utah, Oregon, Wyoming and Idaho has no merit, 'woodpeckers have definite economic importance' is true.", "Provided that the claim that if cows prefer to stand in the water during summer so they can get cooling, then mares come from rangelands primarily in Nevada, California, Utah, Oregon, Wyoming and Idaho has no merit, we know that the notion that 'woodpeckers have definite economic importance' is untrue."]
|
It is true that cows prefer to stand in the water during summer so they can get cooling. So long as the claim that if cows prefer to stand in the water during summer so they can get cooling, then mares come from rangelands primarily in Nevada, California, Utah, Oregon, Wyoming and Idaho has no merit, 'woodpeckers have definite economic importance' is true. Provided that the claim that if cows prefer to stand in the water during summer so they can get cooling, then mares come from rangelands primarily in Nevada, California, Utah, Oregon, Wyoming and Idaho has no merit, we know that the notion that 'woodpeckers have definite economic importance' is untrue.
|
The statement 'mares come from rangelands primarily in Nevada, California, Utah, Oregon, Wyoming and Idaho' is true.
|
The statement 'mares come from rangelands primarily in Nevada, California, Utah, Oregon, Wyoming and Idaho' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Mares come from rangelands primarily in Nevada, California, Utah, Oregon, Wyoming and Idaho.', 1: 'Cows prefer to stand in the water during summer so they can get cooling.', 2: 'Woodpeckers have definite economic importance.'}
| 2 |
1,479 |
["Assuming the statement 'most queens have long life' can be considered false, we know that wetlands are diverse and support an incredible diversity of life.", 'When wetlands are diverse and support an incredible diversity of life is true, it follows that either cows gain condition most efficiently during late lactation or most bats use energy.', 'Should it be the case that wetlands are diverse and support an incredible diversity of life, it follows that the statement, either cows gain condition most efficiently during late lactation or most bats use energy, does not hold.']
|
Assuming the statement 'most queens have long life' can be considered false, we know that wetlands are diverse and support an incredible diversity of life. When wetlands are diverse and support an incredible diversity of life is true, it follows that either cows gain condition most efficiently during late lactation or most bats use energy. Should it be the case that wetlands are diverse and support an incredible diversity of life, it follows that the statement, either cows gain condition most efficiently during late lactation or most bats use energy, does not hold.
|
Those that suggest most queens have long life are right.
|
Most queens have mouths.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then (Either [2] or [3].).
If [1], then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Most queens have long life.', 1: 'Wetlands are diverse and support an incredible diversity of life.', 2: 'Cows gain condition most efficiently during late lactation.', 3: 'Most bats use energy.'}
| 2 |
1,399 |
["Given that the notion that 'cosmopolitan democracy is needed to regulate the network society and the network state' is untrue, it can be inferred that salt kills yeast.", 'We know that either most young animals utilize proteins or the claim that salt kills yeast is false.', 'The statement, most young animals utilize proteins, does not hold.']
|
Given that the notion that 'cosmopolitan democracy is needed to regulate the network society and the network state' is untrue, it can be inferred that salt kills yeast. We know that either most young animals utilize proteins or the claim that salt kills yeast is false. The statement, most young animals utilize proteins, does not hold.
|
The statement 'cosmopolitan democracy is needed to regulate the network society and the network state' can be considered true.
|
The notion that 'cosmopolitan democracy is needed to regulate the network society and the network state' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Cosmopolitan democracy is needed to regulate the network society and the network state.', 1: 'Salt kills yeast.', 2: 'Most young animals utilize proteins.'}
| 2 |
1,434 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: histidine increases the operational stability of lactase, or it is not the case that some foxes use long claws.', 'It is a fact that either most solid ice has compositions or the statement that states histidine increases the operational stability of lactase is false.', "The notion that 'most solid ice has compositions' is untrue."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: histidine increases the operational stability of lactase, or it is not the case that some foxes use long claws. It is a fact that either most solid ice has compositions or the statement that states histidine increases the operational stability of lactase is false. The notion that 'most solid ice has compositions' is untrue.
|
It is not the case that some foxes use long claws.
|
It is not the case that some foxes use long claws.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Some foxes use long claws.', 1: 'Histidine increases the operational stability of lactase.', 2: 'Most solid ice has compositions.'}
| 2 |
1,258 |
['When if most toads inhabit areas, then some frogs have incredible appetite is true, it follows that if ants are member of colonies, then pussytoes is a very common plant of open and wooded terrain.', 'Given that if ants are member of colonies, then pussytoes is a very common plant of open and wooded terrain, it can be inferred that terrorism relies on symbolic power.', 'If if ants are member of colonies, then pussytoes is a very common plant of open and wooded terrain, then the statement that states terrorism relies on symbolic power is false.']
|
When if most toads inhabit areas, then some frogs have incredible appetite is true, it follows that if ants are member of colonies, then pussytoes is a very common plant of open and wooded terrain. Given that if ants are member of colonies, then pussytoes is a very common plant of open and wooded terrain, it can be inferred that terrorism relies on symbolic power. If if ants are member of colonies, then pussytoes is a very common plant of open and wooded terrain, then the statement that states terrorism relies on symbolic power is false.
|
The claim that if most toads inhabit areas, then some frogs have incredible appetite has no merit.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that toads rest inside during the day and come out at night.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (If [0], then [1].), then (If [2], then [3].).
Not (If [2], then [3].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (If [2], then [3].), then [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, Not (If [2], then [3].)..
|
{0: 'Most toads inhabit areas.', 1: 'Some frogs have incredible appetite.', 2: 'Ants are member of colonies.', 3: 'Pussytoes is a very common plant of open and wooded terrain.', 4: 'Terrorism relies on symbolic power.'}
| 2 |
1,827 |
['Assuming ultimate primacy belongs to intelligence encoded in environment, we know that ethylene enhances the antifungal lipids contents idioblasts from avocado mesocarp.', 'One may reasonably assume that if procreation is a biological necessity, then ethylene enhances the antifungal lipids contents idioblasts from avocado mesocarp.', 'There is good reason to believe that either some many herpetologists work in areas or either prints can have energy to hold down a wall the way paintings do or love is a way of seeing.', 'Should it be the case that some many herpetologists work in areas, it follows that ultimate primacy belongs to intelligence encoded in environment.', "So long as either prints can have energy to hold down a wall the way paintings do or love is a way of seeing, 'procreation is a biological necessity' is true."]
|
Assuming ultimate primacy belongs to intelligence encoded in environment, we know that ethylene enhances the antifungal lipids contents idioblasts from avocado mesocarp. One may reasonably assume that if procreation is a biological necessity, then ethylene enhances the antifungal lipids contents idioblasts from avocado mesocarp. There is good reason to believe that either some many herpetologists work in areas or either prints can have energy to hold down a wall the way paintings do or love is a way of seeing. Should it be the case that some many herpetologists work in areas, it follows that ultimate primacy belongs to intelligence encoded in environment. So long as either prints can have energy to hold down a wall the way paintings do or love is a way of seeing, 'procreation is a biological necessity' is true.
|
It is true that ethylene enhances the antifungal lipids contents idioblasts from avocado mesocarp.
|
The claim that ethylene enhances the antifungal lipids contents idioblasts from avocado mesocarp has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or (Either [4] or [5].).
If [3], then [1].
If (Either [4] or [5].), then [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Ethylene enhances the antifungal lipids contents idioblasts from avocado mesocarp.', 1: 'Ultimate primacy belongs to intelligence encoded in environment.', 2: 'Procreation is a biological necessity.', 3: 'Some many herpetologists work in areas.', 4: 'Prints can have energy to hold down a wall the way paintings do.', 5: 'Love is a way of seeing.'}
| 2 |
1,884 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: good governance is a key to whether nations are overwhelmed or triumph by it, or pythium is another common pathogen across the Cotton Belt.', "So long as pythium is another common pathogen across the Cotton Belt, 'tabloids love stories where the funny comic goes crazy and self-destructs' is true.", 'Once we know the claim that if good governance is a key to whether nations are overwhelmed or triumph by it, then tabloids love stories where the funny comic goes crazy and self-destructs does not correspond with reality, we also know that republicans are the true party of democracy.', "Assuming the claim that if good governance is a key to whether nations are overwhelmed or triumph by it, then tabloids love stories where the funny comic goes crazy and self-destructs does not correspond with reality, we know that the notion that 'republicans are the true party of democracy' is untrue."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: good governance is a key to whether nations are overwhelmed or triumph by it, or pythium is another common pathogen across the Cotton Belt. So long as pythium is another common pathogen across the Cotton Belt, 'tabloids love stories where the funny comic goes crazy and self-destructs' is true. Once we know the claim that if good governance is a key to whether nations are overwhelmed or triumph by it, then tabloids love stories where the funny comic goes crazy and self-destructs does not correspond with reality, we also know that republicans are the true party of democracy. Assuming the claim that if good governance is a key to whether nations are overwhelmed or triumph by it, then tabloids love stories where the funny comic goes crazy and self-destructs does not correspond with reality, we know that the notion that 'republicans are the true party of democracy' is untrue.
|
Many people rightly believe that tabloids love stories where the funny comic goes crazy and self-destructs.
|
The statement, tabloids love stories where the funny comic goes crazy and self-destructs, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Tabloids love stories where the funny comic goes crazy and self-destructs.', 1: 'Good governance is a key to whether nations are overwhelmed or triumph by it.', 2: 'Pythium is another common pathogen across the Cotton Belt.', 3: 'Republicans are the true party of democracy.'}
| 2 |
1,304 |
['Those that suggest some human activities affect survival are wrong.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: either most carnivores eat insects or energy is found in different forms including light, heat, chemical, and motion, or if we know that the claim that demotion occurs when an employee moves to a lower pay grade is false, then some human activities affect survival.', 'The claim that either most carnivores eat insects or energy is found in different forms including light, heat, chemical, and motion does not correspond with reality.']
|
Those that suggest some human activities affect survival are wrong. We know that at least one of two things is true: either most carnivores eat insects or energy is found in different forms including light, heat, chemical, and motion, or if we know that the claim that demotion occurs when an employee moves to a lower pay grade is false, then some human activities affect survival. The claim that either most carnivores eat insects or energy is found in different forms including light, heat, chemical, and motion does not correspond with reality.
|
It is rational to agree that demotion occurs when an employee moves to a lower pay grade.
|
Demotion is organisation.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not (Either [2] or [3].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Demotion occurs when an employee moves to a lower pay grade.', 1: 'Some human activities affect survival.', 2: 'Most carnivores eat insects.', 3: 'Energy is found in different forms including light, heat, chemical, and motion.'}
| 2 |
1,811 |
['Provided that traditional pesticides have limited use because of their toxicity and ecological damage, we know that it is not true that visual language is also a symbol system used for communication.', 'If lionesses have (part) corpi, then traditional pesticides have limited use because of their toxicity and ecological damage.', 'lionesses have (part) corpi.']
|
Provided that traditional pesticides have limited use because of their toxicity and ecological damage, we know that it is not true that visual language is also a symbol system used for communication. If lionesses have (part) corpi, then traditional pesticides have limited use because of their toxicity and ecological damage. lionesses have (part) corpi.
|
It is not true that visual language is also a symbol system used for communication.
|
The statement 'visual language is a universal language' can be considered false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then [1].
[2]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Visual language is also a symbol system used for communication.', 1: 'Traditional pesticides have limited use because of their toxicity and ecological damage.', 2: 'Lionesses have (part) corpi.'}
| 2 |
1,938 |
["Whenever it is true that anaerobic digestion is another method for forming gases from biomass, 'the claim that influenza kills thousands of people, mostly elderly, and affects millions of others every year does not correspond with reality' is true.", 'Provided that most larval amphibians feed on algas, we know that the claim that influenza kills thousands of people, mostly elderly, and affects millions of others every year does not correspond with reality.', "Assuming the statement that 'either anaerobic digestion is another method for forming gases from biomass or most larval amphibians feed on algas' is incorrect, we know that dogs are mean and vicious.", 'The claim that dogs are mean and vicious is false.']
|
Whenever it is true that anaerobic digestion is another method for forming gases from biomass, 'the claim that influenza kills thousands of people, mostly elderly, and affects millions of others every year does not correspond with reality' is true. Provided that most larval amphibians feed on algas, we know that the claim that influenza kills thousands of people, mostly elderly, and affects millions of others every year does not correspond with reality. Assuming the statement that 'either anaerobic digestion is another method for forming gases from biomass or most larval amphibians feed on algas' is incorrect, we know that dogs are mean and vicious. The claim that dogs are mean and vicious is false.
|
The claim that influenza kills thousands of people, mostly elderly, and affects millions of others every year does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that influenza kills thousands of people, mostly elderly, and affects millions of others every year does not correspond with reality.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [1] or [2].).), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Influenza kills thousands of people, mostly elderly, and affects millions of others every year.', 1: 'Anaerobic digestion is another method for forming gases from biomass.', 2: 'Most larval amphibians feed on algas.', 3: 'Dogs are mean and vicious.'}
| 2 |
1,924 |
['Should it be the case that eggs have the highest-quality protein nature can provide, rivaled only by soy, it follows that congestion avoidance is a way to deal with lost packets.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: either ogives are arc-shaped features occasionally found across the glacier surface below icefalls or some animals are killed by cars, or bones are dog treats.', "Given that either ogives are arc-shaped features occasionally found across the glacier surface below icefalls or some animals are killed by cars, it can be inferred that if congestion avoidance is a way to deal with lost packets, then true love is to love the public at the cost of one's life.", "So long as bones are dog treats, 'if congestion avoidance is a way to deal with lost packets, then true love is to love the public at the cost of one's life' is true."]
|
Should it be the case that eggs have the highest-quality protein nature can provide, rivaled only by soy, it follows that congestion avoidance is a way to deal with lost packets. Either one or both of these statements are true: either ogives are arc-shaped features occasionally found across the glacier surface below icefalls or some animals are killed by cars, or bones are dog treats. Given that either ogives are arc-shaped features occasionally found across the glacier surface below icefalls or some animals are killed by cars, it can be inferred that if congestion avoidance is a way to deal with lost packets, then true love is to love the public at the cost of one's life. So long as bones are dog treats, 'if congestion avoidance is a way to deal with lost packets, then true love is to love the public at the cost of one's life' is true.
|
Whenever it is true that eggs have the highest-quality protein nature can provide, rivaled only by soy, 'true love is to love the public at the cost of one's life' is true.
|
Whenever it is true that eggs have the highest-quality protein nature can provide, rivaled only by soy, 'true love is to love the public at the cost of one's life' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then (If [2], then [1].).
If [5], then (If [2], then [1].).
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Eggs have the highest-quality protein nature can provide, rivaled only by soy.', 1: "True love is to love the public at the cost of one's life.", 2: 'Congestion avoidance is a way to deal with lost packets.', 3: 'Ogives are arc-shaped features occasionally found across the glacier surface below icefalls.', 4: 'Some animals are killed by cars.', 5: 'Bones are dog treats.'}
| 2 |
1,526 |
['The statement that states nutrition is of poor quality is false.', 'At least one of two things is true: rust fungi infect mostly the leaves and stems of plants but sometimes attack flowers, or either nutrition is of poor quality or sky is earth.', "The notion that 'rust fungi infect mostly the leaves and stems of plants but sometimes attack flowers' is untrue."]
|
The statement that states nutrition is of poor quality is false. At least one of two things is true: rust fungi infect mostly the leaves and stems of plants but sometimes attack flowers, or either nutrition is of poor quality or sky is earth. The notion that 'rust fungi infect mostly the leaves and stems of plants but sometimes attack flowers' is untrue.
|
The claim that sky is earth is true.
|
The claim that sky is earth is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [1] or [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Sky is earth.', 1: 'Nutrition is of poor quality.', 2: 'Rust fungi infect mostly the leaves and stems of plants but sometimes attack flowers.'}
| 2 |
1,020 |
['It is a fact that either tobacco holds sway over the soul as much as it does the body or the claim that tooths are located in jaws does not reflect reality.', 'Assuming tobacco holds sway over the soul as much as it does the body, we know that customers range in ages.', "The statement that 'customers range in ages' is incorrect."]
|
It is a fact that either tobacco holds sway over the soul as much as it does the body or the claim that tooths are located in jaws does not reflect reality. Assuming tobacco holds sway over the soul as much as it does the body, we know that customers range in ages. The statement that 'customers range in ages' is incorrect.
|
The claim that tooths are located in jaws does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that tooths are located in jaws is true.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Tooths are located in jaws.', 1: 'Tobacco holds sway over the soul as much as it does the body.', 2: 'Customers range in ages.'}
| 2 |
1,905 |
["One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'some fire departments have states' is untrue, then birth parents have a short period of time to change their minds after signing consents.", 'Provided that birth parents have a short period of time to change their minds after signing consents, we know that fish ladders help the adult salmon migrate up a river and work very well.', 'It is a common misconception that fish ladders help the adult salmon migrate up a river and work very well.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if the notion that 'some fire departments have states' is untrue, then birth parents have a short period of time to change their minds after signing consents. Provided that birth parents have a short period of time to change their minds after signing consents, we know that fish ladders help the adult salmon migrate up a river and work very well. It is a common misconception that fish ladders help the adult salmon migrate up a river and work very well.
|
The claim that some fire departments have states is true.
|
Fire departments have suggestions.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Some fire departments have states.', 1: 'Birth parents have a short period of time to change their minds after signing consents.', 2: 'Fish ladders help the adult salmon migrate up a river and work very well.'}
| 2 |
1,380 |
["Whenever it is true that tendons hold muscle to bone, 'diagrams show differentiations' is true.", 'Either women find tendencies or the claim that diagrams show differentiations is false.', 'The claim that women find tendencies does not correspond with reality.']
|
Whenever it is true that tendons hold muscle to bone, 'diagrams show differentiations' is true. Either women find tendencies or the claim that diagrams show differentiations is false. The claim that women find tendencies does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement 'tendons hold muscle to bone' can be considered false.
|
The statement 'tendons hold muscle to bone' can be considered false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Tendons hold muscle to bone.', 1: 'Diagrams show differentiations.', 2: 'Women find tendencies.'}
| 2 |
1,420 |
["So long as the claim that geneticists have (part) cells does not correspond with reality, 'all species have a slightly different role in the ecosystem' is true.", 'Either people are clerks or if cayenne pepper helps to make blood pressure levels normal, then some kinds even depend on other living things, such as a certain animal to pollinate their flowers.', 'Assuming people are clerks, we know that if the claim that geneticists have (part) cells does not correspond with reality, then the claim that all species have a slightly different role in the ecosystem is false.', 'Assuming if cayenne pepper helps to make blood pressure levels normal, then some kinds even depend on other living things, such as a certain animal to pollinate their flowers, we know that if the claim that geneticists have (part) cells does not correspond with reality, then the claim that all species have a slightly different role in the ecosystem is false.']
|
So long as the claim that geneticists have (part) cells does not correspond with reality, 'all species have a slightly different role in the ecosystem' is true. Either people are clerks or if cayenne pepper helps to make blood pressure levels normal, then some kinds even depend on other living things, such as a certain animal to pollinate their flowers. Assuming people are clerks, we know that if the claim that geneticists have (part) cells does not correspond with reality, then the claim that all species have a slightly different role in the ecosystem is false. Assuming if cayenne pepper helps to make blood pressure levels normal, then some kinds even depend on other living things, such as a certain animal to pollinate their flowers, we know that if the claim that geneticists have (part) cells does not correspond with reality, then the claim that all species have a slightly different role in the ecosystem is false.
|
The statement 'geneticists have (part) cells' is true.
|
The statement 'geneticists have (part) cells' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Geneticists have (part) cells.', 1: 'All species have a slightly different role in the ecosystem.', 2: 'People are clerks.', 3: 'Cayenne pepper helps to make blood pressure levels normal.', 4: 'Some kinds even depend on other living things, such as a certain animal to pollinate their flowers.'}
| 2 |
1,285 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: social work is a comprehensive helping profession, or human carriers are important.', 'One may reasonably assume that if social work is a comprehensive helping profession, then if infants use only the abdominal muscles to breathe, then alkanes have the typical properties of covalent compounds.', 'On the condition that social work is a comprehensive helping profession, it is definitely the case that the statement, if infants use only the abdominal muscles to breathe, then alkanes have the typical properties of covalent compounds, does not hold.']
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: social work is a comprehensive helping profession, or human carriers are important. One may reasonably assume that if social work is a comprehensive helping profession, then if infants use only the abdominal muscles to breathe, then alkanes have the typical properties of covalent compounds. On the condition that social work is a comprehensive helping profession, it is definitely the case that the statement, if infants use only the abdominal muscles to breathe, then alkanes have the typical properties of covalent compounds, does not hold.
|
The statement 'human carriers are important' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'human carriers are important' can be considered true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then (Not (If [2], then [3].).).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Human carriers are important.', 1: 'Social work is a comprehensive helping profession.', 2: 'Infants use only the abdominal muscles to breathe.', 3: 'Alkanes have the typical properties of covalent compounds.'}
| 2 |
1,071 |
["Whenever it is true that the statement that states either chimpanzees spend most of their time on the ground or eQs occur almost everywhere in the Japanese region is false, 'vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells' is true.", "Should it be the case that those that suggest if the statement that states either chimpanzees spend most of their time on the ground or eQs occur almost everywhere in the Japanese region is false, then the notion that 'vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells' is untrue are wrong, it follows that if severe weather can strike suddenly and without warning, then brains have different functions.", "Whenever it is true that those that suggest if the statement that states either chimpanzees spend most of their time on the ground or eQs occur almost everywhere in the Japanese region is false, then the notion that 'vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells' is untrue are wrong, 'those that suggest if severe weather can strike suddenly and without warning, then brains have different functions are wrong' is true."]
|
Whenever it is true that the statement that states either chimpanzees spend most of their time on the ground or eQs occur almost everywhere in the Japanese region is false, 'vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells' is true. Should it be the case that those that suggest if the statement that states either chimpanzees spend most of their time on the ground or eQs occur almost everywhere in the Japanese region is false, then the notion that 'vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells' is untrue are wrong, it follows that if severe weather can strike suddenly and without warning, then brains have different functions. Whenever it is true that those that suggest if the statement that states either chimpanzees spend most of their time on the ground or eQs occur almost everywhere in the Japanese region is false, then the notion that 'vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells' is untrue are wrong, 'those that suggest if severe weather can strike suddenly and without warning, then brains have different functions are wrong' is true.
|
Either chimpanzees spend most of their time on the ground or eQs occur almost everywhere in the Japanese region.
|
It is a fact that either chimpanzees has-part feet or eQs occur on faults.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then (If [3], then [4].).
If (Not (If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].).).), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).
Therefore, If (Not (Either [0] or [1].).), then (Not [2].)..
|
{0: 'Chimpanzees spend most of their time on the ground.', 1: 'EQs occur almost everywhere in the Japanese region.', 2: 'Vacuoles are storage bubbles found in cells.', 3: 'Severe weather can strike suddenly and without warning.', 4: 'Brains have different functions.'}
| 2 |
1,049 |
['When fishers are swift and elegant tree-climbing furbearers is true, it follows that either some horses have pairs or creatures inhabit habitats.', 'Once we know either some horses have pairs or creatures inhabit habitats, we also know that either individualism is doctrines or quantitative literacy is part of all subjects and the responsibility of all teachers.', 'Those that suggest either individualism is doctrines or quantitative literacy is part of all subjects and the responsibility of all teachers are wrong.']
|
When fishers are swift and elegant tree-climbing furbearers is true, it follows that either some horses have pairs or creatures inhabit habitats. Once we know either some horses have pairs or creatures inhabit habitats, we also know that either individualism is doctrines or quantitative literacy is part of all subjects and the responsibility of all teachers. Those that suggest either individualism is doctrines or quantitative literacy is part of all subjects and the responsibility of all teachers are wrong.
|
We know that the claim that fishers are swift and elegant tree-climbing furbearers is false.
|
The statement that 'fishers have (part) body substances' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Not (Either [1] or [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then (Either [3] or [4].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, Not (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Fishers are swift and elegant tree-climbing furbearers.', 1: 'Some horses have pairs.', 2: 'Creatures inhabit habitats.', 3: 'Individualism is doctrines.', 4: 'Quantitative literacy is part of all subjects and the responsibility of all teachers.'}
| 2 |
1,179 |
["Once we know the statement 'successful lives are the concentrated lives' can be considered false, we also know that either toddlers are at different levels in language development or merchants to participate in services.", "At least one of two things is true: ephedrine is a bronchodilator and a potent stimulant, or if the statement 'successful lives are the concentrated lives' can be considered false, then the claim that either toddlers are at different levels in language development or merchants to participate in services does not reflect reality.", 'It is a common misconception that ephedrine is a bronchodilator and a potent stimulant.']
|
Once we know the statement 'successful lives are the concentrated lives' can be considered false, we also know that either toddlers are at different levels in language development or merchants to participate in services. At least one of two things is true: ephedrine is a bronchodilator and a potent stimulant, or if the statement 'successful lives are the concentrated lives' can be considered false, then the claim that either toddlers are at different levels in language development or merchants to participate in services does not reflect reality. It is a common misconception that ephedrine is a bronchodilator and a potent stimulant.
|
The statement that states successful lives are the concentrated lives is right.
|
The statement that states successful lives are the concentrated lives is right.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).).
Not [3].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).)..
|
{0: 'Successful lives are the concentrated lives.', 1: 'Toddlers are at different levels in language development.', 2: 'Merchants to participate in services.', 3: 'Ephedrine is a bronchodilator and a potent stimulant.'}
| 2 |
1,506 |
['Given that wings have lead edges, it can be inferred that sex is one of the nine reasons for reincarnation.', 'If sex is one of the nine reasons for reincarnation, then slavery is the most commonly known reason as to why the Civil War began.', 'If sex is one of the nine reasons for reincarnation, then those that suggest slavery is the most commonly known reason as to why the Civil War began are wrong.']
|
Given that wings have lead edges, it can be inferred that sex is one of the nine reasons for reincarnation. If sex is one of the nine reasons for reincarnation, then slavery is the most commonly known reason as to why the Civil War began. If sex is one of the nine reasons for reincarnation, then those that suggest slavery is the most commonly known reason as to why the Civil War began are wrong.
|
We know that the claim that wings have lead edges is false.
|
We know that the claim that wings have lead edges is false.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Wings have lead edges.', 1: 'Sex is one of the nine reasons for reincarnation.', 2: 'Slavery is the most commonly known reason as to why the Civil War began.'}
| 2 |
1,929 |
['We can assume that primates have fur.', 'It is rational to believe that either moths can only oviposit on the yucca s ovaries, and the larvae eat the developing seeds or if primates have fur, then rapid urbanization increases population densities and puts greater demands on sanitation facilities.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that moths can only oviposit on the yucca s ovaries, and the larvae eat the developing seeds.']
|
We can assume that primates have fur. It is rational to believe that either moths can only oviposit on the yucca s ovaries, and the larvae eat the developing seeds or if primates have fur, then rapid urbanization increases population densities and puts greater demands on sanitation facilities. Some people mistakenly believe that moths can only oviposit on the yucca s ovaries, and the larvae eat the developing seeds.
|
The claim that rapid urbanization increases population densities and puts greater demands on sanitation facilities is true.
|
Rapid urbanization is a global phenomenon.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Rapid urbanization increases population densities and puts greater demands on sanitation facilities.', 1: 'Primates have fur.', 2: 'Moths can only oviposit on the yucca s ovaries, and the larvae eat the developing seeds.'}
| 2 |
1,116 |
['It is the case that androids are docile when obedient but ingenious when insane.', 'If the claim that if androids are docile when obedient but ingenious when insane, then the statement, white tigers have powerful jaws, razor sharp claws, and huge canine teeth, does not hold has no merit, then cottontails have (part) skulls.', 'If the claim that if androids are docile when obedient but ingenious when insane, then the statement, white tigers have powerful jaws, razor sharp claws, and huge canine teeth, does not hold has no merit, then some people mistakenly believe that cottontails have (part) skulls.']
|
It is the case that androids are docile when obedient but ingenious when insane. If the claim that if androids are docile when obedient but ingenious when insane, then the statement, white tigers have powerful jaws, razor sharp claws, and huge canine teeth, does not hold has no merit, then cottontails have (part) skulls. If the claim that if androids are docile when obedient but ingenious when insane, then the statement, white tigers have powerful jaws, razor sharp claws, and huge canine teeth, does not hold has no merit, then some people mistakenly believe that cottontails have (part) skulls.
|
The statement, white tigers have powerful jaws, razor sharp claws, and huge canine teeth, does not hold.
|
The statement, white tigers have powerful jaws, razor sharp claws, and huge canine teeth, does not hold.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then [2].
If (Not (If [1], then (Not [0].).).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'White tigers have powerful jaws, razor sharp claws, and huge canine teeth.', 1: 'Androids are docile when obedient but ingenious when insane.', 2: 'Cottontails have (part) skulls.'}
| 2 |
1,293 |
['Provided that slippery perches can be harmful, we know that the claim that obesity is a major factor does not correspond with reality.', "Whenever it is true that the claim that slippery perches can be harmful has no merit, 'severe fire impacts marten habitats' is true.", 'Assuming the claim that slippery perches can be harmful has no merit, we know that it is not true that severe fire impacts marten habitats.']
|
Provided that slippery perches can be harmful, we know that the claim that obesity is a major factor does not correspond with reality. Whenever it is true that the claim that slippery perches can be harmful has no merit, 'severe fire impacts marten habitats' is true. Assuming the claim that slippery perches can be harmful has no merit, we know that it is not true that severe fire impacts marten habitats.
|
The claim that obesity is a major factor does not correspond with reality.
|
It is fair to say that obesity is a major factor.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].).
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Obesity is a major factor.', 1: 'Slippery perches can be harmful.', 2: 'Severe fire impacts marten habitats.'}
| 2 |
1,076 |
['If monocytes are motile cells that can migrate using ameboid movements, then inefficient healthcare is an expense no company can afford.', 'When negative emotions express an attempt or intention to Exclude is true, it follows that if inefficient healthcare is an expense no company can afford, then friesian epistemology is basically an internalist theory of knowledge.', "The statement 'negative emotions express an attempt or intention to Exclude' is true."]
|
If monocytes are motile cells that can migrate using ameboid movements, then inefficient healthcare is an expense no company can afford. When negative emotions express an attempt or intention to Exclude is true, it follows that if inefficient healthcare is an expense no company can afford, then friesian epistemology is basically an internalist theory of knowledge. The statement 'negative emotions express an attempt or intention to Exclude' is true.
|
So long as monocytes are motile cells that can migrate using ameboid movements, 'friesian epistemology is basically an internalist theory of knowledge' is true.
|
When monocytes are poorly phagocytic until stimulated to become more active by a progressing infection is true, it follows that friesian epistemology is basically an internalist theory of knowledge.
|
Uncertain
|
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [0], then [2].
If [2], then [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then [1].).
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Monocytes are motile cells that can migrate using ameboid movements.', 1: 'Friesian epistemology is basically an internalist theory of knowledge.', 2: 'Inefficient healthcare is an expense no company can afford.', 3: 'Negative emotions express an attempt or intention to Exclude.'}
| 2 |
1,048 |
['Provided that the claim that clarions are companies has no merit, we know that the statement, either many short women explain that they wear heels to give themselves a little boost in height or mammals have parasites that can live in other mammals, does not hold.', 'It is a fact that either corruption can occur at all levels in society and in all countries or if some sharks even prey on their own kind, then recycling is a growing industry.', 'Once we know corruption can occur at all levels in society and in all countries, we also know that if the claim that clarions are companies has no merit, then either many short women explain that they wear heels to give themselves a little boost in height or mammals have parasites that can live in other mammals.', "Whenever it is true that if some sharks even prey on their own kind, then recycling is a growing industry, 'if the claim that clarions are companies has no merit, then either many short women explain that they wear heels to give themselves a little boost in height or mammals have parasites that can live in other mammals' is true."]
|
Provided that the claim that clarions are companies has no merit, we know that the statement, either many short women explain that they wear heels to give themselves a little boost in height or mammals have parasites that can live in other mammals, does not hold. It is a fact that either corruption can occur at all levels in society and in all countries or if some sharks even prey on their own kind, then recycling is a growing industry. Once we know corruption can occur at all levels in society and in all countries, we also know that if the claim that clarions are companies has no merit, then either many short women explain that they wear heels to give themselves a little boost in height or mammals have parasites that can live in other mammals. Whenever it is true that if some sharks even prey on their own kind, then recycling is a growing industry, 'if the claim that clarions are companies has no merit, then either many short women explain that they wear heels to give themselves a little boost in height or mammals have parasites that can live in other mammals' is true.
|
It is rational to agree that clarions are companies.
|
It is rational to agree that clarions are companies.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Clarions are companies.', 1: 'Many short women explain that they wear heels to give themselves a little boost in height.', 2: 'Mammals have parasites that can live in other mammals.', 3: 'Corruption can occur at all levels in society and in all countries.', 4: 'Some sharks even prey on their own kind.', 5: 'Recycling is a growing industry.'}
| 2 |
1,503 |
['Either skeletons are located in closets or mountain bicycles can also snag weeds.', 'Either flu epidemics occur in the late fall and winter or millipedes reach length.', "So long as flu epidemics occur in the late fall and winter, 'the claim that skeletons are located in closets has no merit' is true.", "So long as millipedes reach length, 'the claim that skeletons are located in closets has no merit' is true."]
|
Either skeletons are located in closets or mountain bicycles can also snag weeds. Either flu epidemics occur in the late fall and winter or millipedes reach length. So long as flu epidemics occur in the late fall and winter, 'the claim that skeletons are located in closets has no merit' is true. So long as millipedes reach length, 'the claim that skeletons are located in closets has no merit' is true.
|
It is rational to agree that mountain bicycles can also snag weeds.
|
It is rational to agree that mountain bicycles can also snag weeds.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Mountain bicycles can also snag weeds.', 1: 'Skeletons are located in closets.', 2: 'Flu epidemics occur in the late fall and winter.', 3: 'Millipedes reach length.'}
| 2 |
1,263 |
['Assuming the claim that organic evolution refers to changes in populations has no merit, we know that scratching can lead to secondary infection.', "So long as scratching can lead to secondary infection, 'retinal hemorrhage is rare' is true.", "The statement that 'retinal hemorrhage is rare' is incorrect."]
|
Assuming the claim that organic evolution refers to changes in populations has no merit, we know that scratching can lead to secondary infection. So long as scratching can lead to secondary infection, 'retinal hemorrhage is rare' is true. The statement that 'retinal hemorrhage is rare' is incorrect.
|
It is fair to say that organic evolution refers to changes in populations.
|
The statement 'organic evolution refers to changes in populations' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Organic evolution refers to changes in populations.', 1: 'Scratching can lead to secondary infection.', 2: 'Retinal hemorrhage is rare.'}
| 2 |
1,808 |
['At least one of two things is true: some women start out online by connecting with others to work together, or the statement, sand grains are predominantly quartz and feldspar with garnet, biotite, and illmenite accessories, does not hold.', 'When some women start out online by connecting with others to work together is true, it follows that adequate hydration is required to protect the kidneys during chemoembolization.', 'The claim that adequate hydration is required to protect the kidneys during chemoembolization does not correspond with reality.']
|
At least one of two things is true: some women start out online by connecting with others to work together, or the statement, sand grains are predominantly quartz and feldspar with garnet, biotite, and illmenite accessories, does not hold. When some women start out online by connecting with others to work together is true, it follows that adequate hydration is required to protect the kidneys during chemoembolization. The claim that adequate hydration is required to protect the kidneys during chemoembolization does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement, sand grains are predominantly quartz and feldspar with garnet, biotite, and illmenite accessories, does not hold.
|
The statement, sand grains are predominantly quartz and feldspar with garnet, biotite, and illmenite accessories, does not hold.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Sand grains are predominantly quartz and feldspar with garnet, biotite, and illmenite accessories.', 1: 'Some women start out online by connecting with others to work together.', 2: 'Adequate hydration is required to protect the kidneys during chemoembolization.'}
| 2 |
1,863 |
['At least one of two things is true: most milk contains hormones, or turtles submerge heads.', 'We know that either socialization is meetings or we know that the claim that most milk contains hormones is false.', 'We know that the claim that socialization is meetings is false.']
|
At least one of two things is true: most milk contains hormones, or turtles submerge heads. We know that either socialization is meetings or we know that the claim that most milk contains hormones is false. We know that the claim that socialization is meetings is false.
|
Many people rightly believe that turtles submerge heads.
|
Many people rightly believe that turtles submerge heads.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Turtles submerge heads.', 1: 'Most milk contains hormones.', 2: 'Socialization is meetings.'}
| 2 |
1,748 |
["Provided that some people mistakenly believe that some yolks are part of eggs, we know that the statement 'some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day ' can be considered false.", 'Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that some yolks are part of eggs, it follows that parks provide several major habitats.', "Whenever it is true that parks provide several major habitats, 'some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day ' is true."]
|
Provided that some people mistakenly believe that some yolks are part of eggs, we know that the statement 'some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day ' can be considered false. Should it be the case that some people mistakenly believe that some yolks are part of eggs, it follows that parks provide several major habitats. Whenever it is true that parks provide several major habitats, 'some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day ' is true.
|
The statement 'some yolks are part of eggs' can be considered true.
|
It is not the case that some yolks are part of eggs.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Some yolks are part of eggs.', 1: 'Some people masturbate every day , sometimes even multiple times a day .', 2: 'Parks provide several major habitats.'}
| 2 |
1,064 |
['Once we know receptors reduce their sensitivity if continuously stimulated, we also know that narrative refers to a process or technique.', 'Provided that aid societies offer legal services, we know that dictionaries have (part) sections.', 'Given that it is a common misconception that either receptors reduce their sensitivity if continuously stimulated or aid societies offer legal services, it can be inferred that autotrophs are at the base of food webs.', "The statement 'autotrophs are at the base of food webs' can be considered false."]
|
Once we know receptors reduce their sensitivity if continuously stimulated, we also know that narrative refers to a process or technique. Provided that aid societies offer legal services, we know that dictionaries have (part) sections. Given that it is a common misconception that either receptors reduce their sensitivity if continuously stimulated or aid societies offer legal services, it can be inferred that autotrophs are at the base of food webs. The statement 'autotrophs are at the base of food webs' can be considered false.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: narrative refers to a process or technique, or dictionaries have (part) sections.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: narratives cooperate with visual depictions in ways that facilitate both conception and deception, or dictionaries define civility succinctly.
|
Uncertain
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3]. [SC1-1]
If [2], then [0].
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (Either [2] or [3].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, Either [2] or [3]..
|
{0: 'Narrative refers to a process or technique.', 1: 'Dictionaries have (part) sections.', 2: 'Receptors reduce their sensitivity if continuously stimulated.', 3: 'Aid societies offer legal services.', 4: 'Autotrophs are at the base of food webs.'}
| 2 |
1,798 |
['Assuming big corporations are bureaucracies that often promote people who are best at covering their asses, we know that dolphins live and are found in every ocean in the world.', "If channels are bodies of water, then the statement that 'dolphins live and are found in every ocean in the world' is incorrect.", 'The claim that channels are bodies of water holds true.']
|
Assuming big corporations are bureaucracies that often promote people who are best at covering their asses, we know that dolphins live and are found in every ocean in the world. If channels are bodies of water, then the statement that 'dolphins live and are found in every ocean in the world' is incorrect. The claim that channels are bodies of water holds true.
|
We know that the claim that big corporations are bureaucracies that often promote people who are best at covering their asses is false.
|
It is not true that big corporations lose millions of dollars per hour when their datacenters go down.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not [1].).
[2]
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Big corporations are bureaucracies that often promote people who are best at covering their asses.', 1: 'Dolphins live and are found in every ocean in the world.', 2: 'Channels are bodies of water.'}
| 2 |
1,052 |
["So long as milk provides caloric energy to permit normal growth and development, 'the statement that states turbulent flows lead to higher profile drag coefficients on streamlined bodies than laminar flows is false' is true.", 'Assuming nutrients also act on the surfaces of the throat and later stomach and small intestine, we know that the statement that states turbulent flows lead to higher profile drag coefficients on streamlined bodies than laminar flows is false.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: wombats are hairyer, or if voles are small rodents related to muskrats that look like stocky mice, then flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in Arabidopsis thaliana .', 'Provided that wombats are hairyer, we know that milk provides caloric energy to permit normal growth and development.', 'Provided that if voles are small rodents related to muskrats that look like stocky mice, then flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in Arabidopsis thaliana , we know that nutrients also act on the surfaces of the throat and later stomach and small intestine.']
|
So long as milk provides caloric energy to permit normal growth and development, 'the statement that states turbulent flows lead to higher profile drag coefficients on streamlined bodies than laminar flows is false' is true. Assuming nutrients also act on the surfaces of the throat and later stomach and small intestine, we know that the statement that states turbulent flows lead to higher profile drag coefficients on streamlined bodies than laminar flows is false. Either one or both of these statements are true: wombats are hairyer, or if voles are small rodents related to muskrats that look like stocky mice, then flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in Arabidopsis thaliana . Provided that wombats are hairyer, we know that milk provides caloric energy to permit normal growth and development. Provided that if voles are small rodents related to muskrats that look like stocky mice, then flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in Arabidopsis thaliana , we know that nutrients also act on the surfaces of the throat and later stomach and small intestine.
|
The statement that states turbulent flows lead to higher profile drag coefficients on streamlined bodies than laminar flows is false.
|
The statement that states turbulent flows lead to higher profile drag coefficients on streamlined bodies than laminar flows is false.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2]. [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then [1].
If (If [4], then [5].), then [2].
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'Turbulent flows lead to higher profile drag coefficients on streamlined bodies than laminar flows.', 1: 'Milk provides caloric energy to permit normal growth and development.', 2: 'Nutrients also act on the surfaces of the throat and later stomach and small intestine.', 3: 'Wombats are hairyer.', 4: 'Voles are small rodents related to muskrats that look like stocky mice.', 5: 'Flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in Arabidopsis thaliana .'}
| 2 |
1,440 |
['The claim that lions are more successful when they hunt in groups for prey has no merit.', 'Either proteas are shrubs or interactive multimedia is a new technology for an ancient culture.', "So long as proteas are shrubs, 'lions are more successful when they hunt in groups for prey' is true.", 'If interactive multimedia is a new technology for an ancient culture, then if sheep continue to graze in alfalfa fields, then dingos have (part) heads.']
|
The claim that lions are more successful when they hunt in groups for prey has no merit. Either proteas are shrubs or interactive multimedia is a new technology for an ancient culture. So long as proteas are shrubs, 'lions are more successful when they hunt in groups for prey' is true. If interactive multimedia is a new technology for an ancient culture, then if sheep continue to graze in alfalfa fields, then dingos have (part) heads.
|
Whenever it is true that sheep continue to graze in alfalfa fields, 'dingos have (part) heads' is true.
|
Once we know sheep continue to graze in alfalfa fields, we also know that some dingos live in holes.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then [2].
If [4], then (If [0], then [1].).
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Sheep continue to graze in alfalfa fields.', 1: 'Dingos have (part) heads.', 2: 'Lions are more successful when they hunt in groups for prey.', 3: 'Proteas are shrubs.', 4: 'Interactive multimedia is a new technology for an ancient culture.'}
| 2 |
1,124 |
['At least one of two things is true: people tripping on pot or drifting on a marijuana hangover are workplace and highway hazards, or estate planning can reduce tax load on life insurance payouts.', 'If estate planning can reduce tax load on life insurance payouts, then it is not true that magnesium increases plant strength and builds resistance to drying, insects and spray damage.', 'It is rational to believe that either puffs are recommendations or if analgesics have a lower therapeutic index than anesthetics, then horses are superbly adapted herbivores.', 'Assuming puffs are recommendations, we know that if people tripping on pot or drifting on a marijuana hangover are workplace and highway hazards, then it is not true that magnesium increases plant strength and builds resistance to drying, insects and spray damage.', 'Assuming if analgesics have a lower therapeutic index than anesthetics, then horses are superbly adapted herbivores, we know that if people tripping on pot or drifting on a marijuana hangover are workplace and highway hazards, then it is not true that magnesium increases plant strength and builds resistance to drying, insects and spray damage.']
|
At least one of two things is true: people tripping on pot or drifting on a marijuana hangover are workplace and highway hazards, or estate planning can reduce tax load on life insurance payouts. If estate planning can reduce tax load on life insurance payouts, then it is not true that magnesium increases plant strength and builds resistance to drying, insects and spray damage. It is rational to believe that either puffs are recommendations or if analgesics have a lower therapeutic index than anesthetics, then horses are superbly adapted herbivores. Assuming puffs are recommendations, we know that if people tripping on pot or drifting on a marijuana hangover are workplace and highway hazards, then it is not true that magnesium increases plant strength and builds resistance to drying, insects and spray damage. Assuming if analgesics have a lower therapeutic index than anesthetics, then horses are superbly adapted herbivores, we know that if people tripping on pot or drifting on a marijuana hangover are workplace and highway hazards, then it is not true that magnesium increases plant strength and builds resistance to drying, insects and spray damage.
|
It is not true that magnesium increases plant strength and builds resistance to drying, insects and spray damage.
|
It is not true that magnesium increases plant strength and builds resistance to drying, insects and spray damage.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC2-1]
If [2], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or (If [4], then [5].).
If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
If (If [4], then [5].), then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Magnesium increases plant strength and builds resistance to drying, insects and spray damage.', 1: 'People tripping on pot or drifting on a marijuana hangover are workplace and highway hazards.', 2: 'Estate planning can reduce tax load on life insurance payouts.', 3: 'Puffs are recommendations.', 4: 'Analgesics have a lower therapeutic index than anesthetics.', 5: 'Horses are superbly adapted herbivores.'}
| 2 |
1,650 |
['We know that either cleavage is made up of two separate processes, karyokinesis and cytokinesis or if a businesswoman is a capitalist, then science examines the science behind the most popular team and recreational sports.', "Whenever it is true that cleavage is made up of two separate processes, karyokinesis and cytokinesis, 'the claim that viruses can mutate as they propagate through an environment does not reflect reality' is true.", 'Assuming the claim that if if a businesswoman is a capitalist, then science examines the science behind the most popular team and recreational sports, then the claim that viruses can mutate as they propagate through an environment does not reflect reality has no merit, we know that some species occupy a web and others are nocturnal, but all spit at their prey or enemies.', 'Those that suggest some species occupy a web and others are nocturnal, but all spit at their prey or enemies are wrong.']
|
We know that either cleavage is made up of two separate processes, karyokinesis and cytokinesis or if a businesswoman is a capitalist, then science examines the science behind the most popular team and recreational sports. Whenever it is true that cleavage is made up of two separate processes, karyokinesis and cytokinesis, 'the claim that viruses can mutate as they propagate through an environment does not reflect reality' is true. Assuming the claim that if if a businesswoman is a capitalist, then science examines the science behind the most popular team and recreational sports, then the claim that viruses can mutate as they propagate through an environment does not reflect reality has no merit, we know that some species occupy a web and others are nocturnal, but all spit at their prey or enemies. Those that suggest some species occupy a web and others are nocturnal, but all spit at their prey or enemies are wrong.
|
The claim that viruses can mutate as they propagate through an environment does not reflect reality.
|
Those that suggest most viruses are obligate intracellular parasites are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (If [2], then [3].).
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].).).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If (If [2], then [3].), then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Viruses can mutate as they propagate through an environment.', 1: 'Cleavage is made up of two separate processes, karyokinesis and cytokinesis.', 2: 'A businesswoman is a capitalist.', 3: 'Science examines the science behind the most popular team and recreational sports.', 4: 'Some species occupy a web and others are nocturnal, but all spit at their prey or enemies.'}
| 2 |
1,409 |
['The statement that states most red squirrels eat buds is false.', "So long as the claim that either most red squirrels eat buds or all cats are carnivores and efficient apex predators has no merit, 'married couples are by far the happiest with their sexual lives' is true.", 'Given that the claim that either most red squirrels eat buds or all cats are carnivores and efficient apex predators has no merit, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that married couples are by far the happiest with their sexual lives.']
|
The statement that states most red squirrels eat buds is false. So long as the claim that either most red squirrels eat buds or all cats are carnivores and efficient apex predators has no merit, 'married couples are by far the happiest with their sexual lives' is true. Given that the claim that either most red squirrels eat buds or all cats are carnivores and efficient apex predators has no merit, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that married couples are by far the happiest with their sexual lives.
|
The idea that all cats are carnivores and efficient apex predators is true.
|
Cats prefer to eat small meals throughout the day.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (Either [1] or [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'All cats are carnivores and efficient apex predators .', 1: 'Most red squirrels eat buds.', 2: 'Married couples are by far the happiest with their sexual lives.'}
| 2 |
1,752 |
["If characteristics relate to status, then the notion that 'most male monkeys have calls' is untrue.", 'If if earthworms feed on dead roots and stems and are usually an indication of fertile soil, then peas also contain some anti-nutritional factors that can interfere with digestion, then if characteristics relate to status, then most male monkeys have calls.', 'Should it be the case that earthworms feed on dead roots and stems and are usually an indication of fertile soil, it follows that peas also contain some anti-nutritional factors that can interfere with digestion.']
|
If characteristics relate to status, then the notion that 'most male monkeys have calls' is untrue. If if earthworms feed on dead roots and stems and are usually an indication of fertile soil, then peas also contain some anti-nutritional factors that can interfere with digestion, then if characteristics relate to status, then most male monkeys have calls. Should it be the case that earthworms feed on dead roots and stems and are usually an indication of fertile soil, it follows that peas also contain some anti-nutritional factors that can interfere with digestion.
|
It is not the case that characteristics relate to status.
|
Those that suggest characteristics affect stability are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [0], then [1].).
If [2], then [3].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Characteristics relate to status.', 1: 'Most male monkeys have calls.', 2: 'Earthworms feed on dead roots and stems and are usually an indication of fertile soil.', 3: 'Peas also contain some anti-nutritional factors that can interfere with digestion.'}
| 2 |
1,952 |
['On the condition that heat is transmitted through conduction, convection, and radiation, it is definitely the case that the claim that most mallards feed in ponds does not correspond with reality.', "Once we know the statement that 'if heat is transmitted through conduction, convection, and radiation, then most mallards feed in ponds' is incorrect, we also know that church music is musical style.", "Assuming the statement that 'if heat is transmitted through conduction, convection, and radiation, then most mallards feed in ponds' is incorrect, we know that the statement that 'church music is musical style' is incorrect."]
|
On the condition that heat is transmitted through conduction, convection, and radiation, it is definitely the case that the claim that most mallards feed in ponds does not correspond with reality. Once we know the statement that 'if heat is transmitted through conduction, convection, and radiation, then most mallards feed in ponds' is incorrect, we also know that church music is musical style. Assuming the statement that 'if heat is transmitted through conduction, convection, and radiation, then most mallards feed in ponds' is incorrect, we know that the statement that 'church music is musical style' is incorrect.
|
The statement that states heat is transmitted through conduction, convection, and radiation is false.
|
It is the case that heat is transmitted through conduction, convection, and radiation.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Heat is transmitted through conduction, convection, and radiation.', 1: 'Most mallards feed in ponds.', 2: 'Church music is musical style.'}
| 2 |
1,477 |
['The claim that appearances provide additional evidence has no merit.', 'On the condition that governments are corrupt, and even children are no longer respectful to their parents, it is definitely the case that if the claim that some parasites have sticky eggs that fasten to the animal is false, then appearances provide additional evidence.', 'The idea that governments are corrupt, and even children are no longer respectful to their parents is true.']
|
The claim that appearances provide additional evidence has no merit. On the condition that governments are corrupt, and even children are no longer respectful to their parents, it is definitely the case that if the claim that some parasites have sticky eggs that fasten to the animal is false, then appearances provide additional evidence. The idea that governments are corrupt, and even children are no longer respectful to their parents is true.
|
It is the case that some parasites have sticky eggs that fasten to the animal.
|
Parasites affect sea pups in various areas of the world.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Some parasites have sticky eggs that fasten to the animal.', 1: 'Appearances provide additional evidence.', 2: 'Governments are corrupt, and even children are no longer respectful to their parents.'}
| 2 |
1,118 |
['The claim that either headwaters is critical habitat for many species, several of which are threatened or endangered or control diabetes if it is an underlying disease does not reflect reality.', 'If the claim that if the claim that lechwes have (part) hoofs has no merit, then either headwaters is critical habitat for many species, several of which are threatened or endangered or control diabetes if it is an underlying disease does not reflect reality, then if most salmon are known as salmon, then villains are by definition evil people.', 'Assuming the claim that if the claim that lechwes have (part) hoofs has no merit, then either headwaters is critical habitat for many species, several of which are threatened or endangered or control diabetes if it is an underlying disease does not reflect reality, we know that the statement that states if most salmon are known as salmon, then villains are by definition evil people is false.']
|
The claim that either headwaters is critical habitat for many species, several of which are threatened or endangered or control diabetes if it is an underlying disease does not reflect reality. If the claim that if the claim that lechwes have (part) hoofs has no merit, then either headwaters is critical habitat for many species, several of which are threatened or endangered or control diabetes if it is an underlying disease does not reflect reality, then if most salmon are known as salmon, then villains are by definition evil people. Assuming the claim that if the claim that lechwes have (part) hoofs has no merit, then either headwaters is critical habitat for many species, several of which are threatened or endangered or control diabetes if it is an underlying disease does not reflect reality, we know that the statement that states if most salmon are known as salmon, then villains are by definition evil people is false.
|
The claim that lechwes have (part) hoofs is true.
|
All lechwe prefer to graze on the periphery of a floodplain or water body.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (If [3], then [4].).
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].).).), then (Not (If [3], then [4].).).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Lechwes have (part) hoofs.', 1: 'Headwaters is critical habitat for many species, several of which are threatened or endangered.', 2: 'Control diabetes if it is an underlying disease.', 3: 'Most salmon are known as salmon.', 4: 'Villains are by definition evil people.'}
| 2 |
1,012 |
['nandrolone is proven to be a progestin.', "So long as sparrows can use their nest building behavior to successfully evict or prevent martins from nesting, 'if nandrolone is proven to be a progestin, then either computers continue to get faster and more powerful or some salinity affects growth' is true.", 'Those that suggest sparrows can use their nest building behavior to successfully evict or prevent martins from nesting are right.']
|
nandrolone is proven to be a progestin. So long as sparrows can use their nest building behavior to successfully evict or prevent martins from nesting, 'if nandrolone is proven to be a progestin, then either computers continue to get faster and more powerful or some salinity affects growth' is true. Those that suggest sparrows can use their nest building behavior to successfully evict or prevent martins from nesting are right.
|
We know that either computers continue to get faster and more powerful or some salinity affects growth.
|
The claim that either computers continue to get faster and more powerful or some salinity affects growth has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
[3]
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Computers continue to get faster and more powerful.', 1: 'Some salinity affects growth.', 2: 'Nandrolone is proven to be a progestin.', 3: 'Sparrows can use their nest building behavior to successfully evict or prevent martins from nesting.'}
| 2 |
1,157 |
["If the statement that 'banana skins are porous, allowing the fungicides to be absorbed into the flesh' is incorrect, then some animals swim in sea.", 'When some animals swim in sea is true, it follows that strontium is metal.', 'The claim that strontium is metal does not correspond with reality.']
|
If the statement that 'banana skins are porous, allowing the fungicides to be absorbed into the flesh' is incorrect, then some animals swim in sea. When some animals swim in sea is true, it follows that strontium is metal. The claim that strontium is metal does not correspond with reality.
|
The claim that banana skins are porous, allowing the fungicides to be absorbed into the flesh is true.
|
The claim that banana skins are porous, allowing the fungicides to be absorbed into the flesh is true.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Banana skins are porous, allowing the fungicides to be absorbed into the flesh.', 1: 'Some animals swim in sea.', 2: 'Strontium is metal.'}
| 2 |
1,337 |
['Those that suggest stock prices tend to fall when interest rates go up are right.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: personal interest refers to either the shares a person owns or the amount of a membership, or mango trees produce refresh fruit.', 'If personal interest refers to either the shares a person owns or the amount of a membership, then if stock prices tend to fall when interest rates go up, then blatant discrimination is a continuing problem in the labor market.', 'On the condition that mango trees produce refresh fruit, it is definitely the case that if stock prices tend to fall when interest rates go up, then blatant discrimination is a continuing problem in the labor market.']
|
Those that suggest stock prices tend to fall when interest rates go up are right. Either one or both of these statements are true: personal interest refers to either the shares a person owns or the amount of a membership, or mango trees produce refresh fruit. If personal interest refers to either the shares a person owns or the amount of a membership, then if stock prices tend to fall when interest rates go up, then blatant discrimination is a continuing problem in the labor market. On the condition that mango trees produce refresh fruit, it is definitely the case that if stock prices tend to fall when interest rates go up, then blatant discrimination is a continuing problem in the labor market.
|
The claim that blatant discrimination is a continuing problem in the labor market is true.
|
The statement that 'blatant discrimination is a continuing problem in the labor market' is incorrect.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [1], then [0].).
If [3], then (If [1], then [0].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Blatant discrimination is a continuing problem in the labor market.', 1: 'Stock prices tend to fall when interest rates go up.', 2: 'Personal interest refers to either the shares a person owns or the amount of a membership.', 3: 'Mango trees produce refresh fruit.'}
| 2 |
1,127 |
['Those that suggest toothbrush isa implement are right.', 'Either if second year plants have stems, then eat food improves health or mitochondria are the tiny powerhouses of the cell.', 'One may reasonably assume that if if second year plants have stems, then eat food improves health, then if toothbrush isa implement, then it is a common misconception that different numbers are used by different stock markets.', 'When mitochondria are the tiny powerhouses of the cell is true, it follows that if toothbrush isa implement, then it is a common misconception that different numbers are used by different stock markets.']
|
Those that suggest toothbrush isa implement are right. Either if second year plants have stems, then eat food improves health or mitochondria are the tiny powerhouses of the cell. One may reasonably assume that if if second year plants have stems, then eat food improves health, then if toothbrush isa implement, then it is a common misconception that different numbers are used by different stock markets. When mitochondria are the tiny powerhouses of the cell is true, it follows that if toothbrush isa implement, then it is a common misconception that different numbers are used by different stock markets.
|
It is a common misconception that different numbers are used by different stock markets.
|
The statement that states different numbers mean different things in cultures throughout the world is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or [4].
If (If [2], then [3].), then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
If [4], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Different numbers are used by different stock markets.', 1: 'Toothbrush isa implement.', 2: 'Second year plants have stems.', 3: 'Eat food improves health.', 4: 'Mitochondria are the tiny powerhouses of the cell.'}
| 2 |
1,046 |
['We know that either students to study electric fields or atherosclerosis is a buildup of material called plaque on and in the wall of an artery .', 'Should it be the case that atherosclerosis is a buildup of material called plaque on and in the wall of an artery , it follows that either some pizzas combine cream cheese or fever is rare with amebic dysentery or it s usually low grade.', 'Given that the claim that if students to study electric fields, then either some pizzas combine cream cheese or fever is rare with amebic dysentery or it s usually low grade has no merit, it can be inferred that lonely rivers flow to the sea, to the sea, To the open arms of the sea.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if students to study electric fields, then either some pizzas combine cream cheese or fever is rare with amebic dysentery or it s usually low grade has no merit, then the claim that lonely rivers flow to the sea, to the sea, To the open arms of the sea is false.']
|
We know that either students to study electric fields or atherosclerosis is a buildup of material called plaque on and in the wall of an artery . Should it be the case that atherosclerosis is a buildup of material called plaque on and in the wall of an artery , it follows that either some pizzas combine cream cheese or fever is rare with amebic dysentery or it s usually low grade. Given that the claim that if students to study electric fields, then either some pizzas combine cream cheese or fever is rare with amebic dysentery or it s usually low grade has no merit, it can be inferred that lonely rivers flow to the sea, to the sea, To the open arms of the sea. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if students to study electric fields, then either some pizzas combine cream cheese or fever is rare with amebic dysentery or it s usually low grade has no merit, then the claim that lonely rivers flow to the sea, to the sea, To the open arms of the sea is false.
|
At least one of two things is true: some pizzas combine cream cheese, or fever is rare with amebic dysentery or it s usually low grade.
|
The claim that either some pizzas combine cream cheese or fever is rare with amebic dysentery or it s usually low grade does not correspond with reality.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC2-1]
If [3], then (Either [0] or [1].).
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then [4].
If (Not (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).), then (Not [4].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Some pizzas combine cream cheese.', 1: 'Fever is rare with amebic dysentery or it s usually low grade.', 2: 'Students to study electric fields.', 3: 'Atherosclerosis is a buildup of material called plaque on and in the wall of an artery .', 4: 'Lonely rivers flow to the sea, to the sea, To the open arms of the sea.'}
| 2 |
1,235 |
["Whenever it is true that japan has one of the largest systems of private higher education in the world, 'blood vessels relax and pressure goes down' is true.", 'Provided that blood vessels relax and pressure goes down, we know that telecommuting is the hot wave of the future in the working world.', 'The statement that states telecommuting is the hot wave of the future in the working world is false.']
|
Whenever it is true that japan has one of the largest systems of private higher education in the world, 'blood vessels relax and pressure goes down' is true. Provided that blood vessels relax and pressure goes down, we know that telecommuting is the hot wave of the future in the working world. The statement that states telecommuting is the hot wave of the future in the working world is false.
|
The claim that japan has one of the largest systems of private higher education in the world is false.
|
The notion that 'japan is an island country' is untrue.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Japan has one of the largest systems of private higher education in the world.', 1: 'Blood vessels relax and pressure goes down.', 2: 'Telecommuting is the hot wave of the future in the working world.'}
| 2 |
1,538 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: chemical abundances in stars and gas, or high resolution has two main effects on a viewable image.', "Whenever it is true that chemical abundances in stars and gas, 'children are also flesh which take shape out of the flesh of their parents' is true.", "So long as chemical abundances in stars and gas, 'the claim that children are also flesh which take shape out of the flesh of their parents has no merit' is true."]
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: chemical abundances in stars and gas, or high resolution has two main effects on a viewable image. Whenever it is true that chemical abundances in stars and gas, 'children are also flesh which take shape out of the flesh of their parents' is true. So long as chemical abundances in stars and gas, 'the claim that children are also flesh which take shape out of the flesh of their parents has no merit' is true.
|
The claim that high resolution has two main effects on a viewable image holds true.
|
The claim that high resolution has two main effects on a viewable image holds true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'High resolution has two main effects on a viewable image.', 1: 'Chemical abundances in stars and gas.', 2: 'Children are also flesh which take shape out of the flesh of their parents.'}
| 2 |
1,241 |
['Provided that children have the ability to sign even before they can speak, we know that most owls have dark gray and brown marking feathers.', 'Either most public utilities have facilities or if children have the ability to sign even before they can speak, then the claim that most owls have dark gray and brown marking feathers has no merit.', 'The claim that most public utilities have facilities does not correspond with reality.']
|
Provided that children have the ability to sign even before they can speak, we know that most owls have dark gray and brown marking feathers. Either most public utilities have facilities or if children have the ability to sign even before they can speak, then the claim that most owls have dark gray and brown marking feathers has no merit. The claim that most public utilities have facilities does not correspond with reality.
|
Those that suggest children have the ability to sign even before they can speak are wrong.
|
Those that suggest children have the ability to sign even before they can speak are wrong.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Children have the ability to sign even before they can speak.', 1: 'Most owls have dark gray and brown marking feathers.', 2: 'Most public utilities have facilities.'}
| 2 |
1,590 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that either medical schools differ in emphasis placed on research or colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that loose skin can let the lower eyelid turn outward, causing tearing or eye dryness has no merit, then some cats die in fire.', "So long as some cats die in fire, 'either medical schools differ in emphasis placed on research or colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers' is true."]
|
Some people mistakenly believe that either medical schools differ in emphasis placed on research or colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that loose skin can let the lower eyelid turn outward, causing tearing or eye dryness has no merit, then some cats die in fire. So long as some cats die in fire, 'either medical schools differ in emphasis placed on research or colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers' is true.
|
The statement 'loose skin can let the lower eyelid turn outward, causing tearing or eye dryness' is true.
|
The claim that loose skin can let the lower eyelid turn outward, causing tearing or eye dryness has no merit.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].). [SC1-1]
Not (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [3].
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Either [1] or [2].)..
|
{0: 'Loose skin can let the lower eyelid turn outward, causing tearing or eye dryness.', 1: 'Medical schools differ in emphasis placed on research.', 2: 'Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers.', 3: 'Some cats die in fire.'}
| 2 |
1,358 |
['Should it be the case that the statement that states some birds switch the first day, others are slow to accept a new food is false, it follows that cultural abuse comes from anything that keeps youth from having their needs met.', 'Provided that cultural abuse comes from anything that keeps youth from having their needs met, we know that artistic freedom is vital to both the cultural and political health of our society.', 'Given that cultural abuse comes from anything that keeps youth from having their needs met, it can be inferred that the claim that artistic freedom is vital to both the cultural and political health of our society does not correspond with reality.']
|
Should it be the case that the statement that states some birds switch the first day, others are slow to accept a new food is false, it follows that cultural abuse comes from anything that keeps youth from having their needs met. Provided that cultural abuse comes from anything that keeps youth from having their needs met, we know that artistic freedom is vital to both the cultural and political health of our society. Given that cultural abuse comes from anything that keeps youth from having their needs met, it can be inferred that the claim that artistic freedom is vital to both the cultural and political health of our society does not correspond with reality.
|
We can assume that some birds switch the first day, others are slow to accept a new food.
|
Most birds have common ancestors.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Some birds switch the first day, others are slow to accept a new food.', 1: 'Cultural abuse comes from anything that keeps youth from having their needs met.', 2: 'Artistic freedom is vital to both the cultural and political health of our society.'}
| 2 |
1,959 |
['It is a common misconception that if pennies are located in drawers, then children have frequent problems with infections, growth, anemia, and recurring episodes of pain.', 'At least one of two things is true: most heat increases evaporation, or people often think of dieting when they are gorging on sweet stuff.', 'Should it be the case that most heat increases evaporation, it follows that if pennies are located in drawers, then children have frequent problems with infections, growth, anemia, and recurring episodes of pain.', 'On the condition that people often think of dieting when they are gorging on sweet stuff, it is definitely the case that the claim that if conformation determines the type of work a horse can perform, then large plants become heavily infested before the insect is noticed does not reflect reality.']
|
It is a common misconception that if pennies are located in drawers, then children have frequent problems with infections, growth, anemia, and recurring episodes of pain. At least one of two things is true: most heat increases evaporation, or people often think of dieting when they are gorging on sweet stuff. Should it be the case that most heat increases evaporation, it follows that if pennies are located in drawers, then children have frequent problems with infections, growth, anemia, and recurring episodes of pain. On the condition that people often think of dieting when they are gorging on sweet stuff, it is definitely the case that the claim that if conformation determines the type of work a horse can perform, then large plants become heavily infested before the insect is noticed does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that if conformation determines the type of work a horse can perform, then large plants become heavily infested before the insect is noticed does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that if conformation determines the type of work a horse can perform, then large plants become heavily infested before the insect is noticed does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not (If [0], then [1].).). [SC1-1]
Not (If [2], then [3].).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [4] or [5].
If [4], then (If [2], then [3].).
If [5], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, Either (If [2], then [3].) or (Not (If [0], then [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Conformation determines the type of work a horse can perform.', 1: 'Large plants become heavily infested before the insect is noticed.', 2: 'Pennies are located in drawers.', 3: 'Children have frequent problems with infections, growth, anemia, and recurring episodes of pain.', 4: 'Most heat increases evaporation.', 5: 'People often think of dieting when they are gorging on sweet stuff.'}
| 2 |
1,848 |
['Provided that spider monkeys can hold food with their tail, we know that the statement, people get fat in one culture or social class for the same reasons they get thinner in another, does not hold.', 'If the statement that states if spider monkeys can hold food with their tail, then people get fat in one culture or social class for the same reasons they get thinner in another is false, then excess heat is produced which can damage heat exchangers.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that excess heat is produced which can damage heat exchangers.']
|
Provided that spider monkeys can hold food with their tail, we know that the statement, people get fat in one culture or social class for the same reasons they get thinner in another, does not hold. If the statement that states if spider monkeys can hold food with their tail, then people get fat in one culture or social class for the same reasons they get thinner in another is false, then excess heat is produced which can damage heat exchangers. Some people mistakenly believe that excess heat is produced which can damage heat exchangers.
|
The claim that spider monkeys can hold food with their tail does not reflect reality.
|
The claim that spider monkeys can hold food with their tail does not reflect reality.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1]. [SC1-1]
If [0], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
|
{0: 'Spider monkeys can hold food with their tail.', 1: 'People get fat in one culture or social class for the same reasons they get thinner in another.', 2: 'Excess heat is produced which can damage heat exchangers.'}
| 2 |
1,792 |
['It is a common misconception that parasites cause skin diseases.', "So long as the statement that states if the claim that anglers have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality, then parasites cause skin diseases is false, 'vomiting tends to be sporadic' is true.", 'Provided that the statement that states if the claim that anglers have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality, then parasites cause skin diseases is false, we know that the claim that vomiting tends to be sporadic does not reflect reality.']
|
It is a common misconception that parasites cause skin diseases. So long as the statement that states if the claim that anglers have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality, then parasites cause skin diseases is false, 'vomiting tends to be sporadic' is true. Provided that the statement that states if the claim that anglers have (part) cytoplasm does not reflect reality, then parasites cause skin diseases is false, we know that the claim that vomiting tends to be sporadic does not reflect reality.
|
The idea that anglers have (part) cytoplasm is true.
|
Anglers tend to fish perch lakes down until their is nothing left.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Anglers have (part) cytoplasm.', 1: 'Parasites cause skin diseases.', 2: 'Vomiting tends to be sporadic.'}
| 2 |
1,325 |
['The statement, most fat is stored in the body in the form of triglycerides, does not hold.', 'We know that either indian singers spend years learning to sing or foundations are concrete and often wick moisture away from the soil.', 'When indian singers spend years learning to sing is true, it follows that either most fat is stored in the body in the form of triglycerides or poachers steal animals.', 'If foundations are concrete and often wick moisture away from the soil, then either most fat is stored in the body in the form of triglycerides or poachers steal animals.']
|
The statement, most fat is stored in the body in the form of triglycerides, does not hold. We know that either indian singers spend years learning to sing or foundations are concrete and often wick moisture away from the soil. When indian singers spend years learning to sing is true, it follows that either most fat is stored in the body in the form of triglycerides or poachers steal animals. If foundations are concrete and often wick moisture away from the soil, then either most fat is stored in the body in the form of triglycerides or poachers steal animals.
|
We can assume that poachers steal animals.
|
Most poachers kill elephants.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
If [3], then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Poachers steal animals.', 1: 'Most fat is stored in the body in the form of triglycerides.', 2: 'Indian singers spend years learning to sing.', 3: 'Foundations are concrete and often wick moisture away from the soil.'}
| 2 |
1,899 |
["The statement that 'birds regurgitate to feed their mate, or to feed their chicks' is incorrect.", 'It is a fact that either either fever viruses cause severe illnesses or organisms occur in habitats or an officeholder is a holder.', 'One may reasonably assume that if either fever viruses cause severe illnesses or organisms occur in habitats, then birds regurgitate to feed their mate, or to feed their chicks.', "Provided that an officeholder is a holder, we know that the notion that 'either light rays are then focused on that part of the macula called the fovea or mosquito Creek is a major spawning creek for Great Slave Lake walleye' is untrue."]
|
The statement that 'birds regurgitate to feed their mate, or to feed their chicks' is incorrect. It is a fact that either either fever viruses cause severe illnesses or organisms occur in habitats or an officeholder is a holder. One may reasonably assume that if either fever viruses cause severe illnesses or organisms occur in habitats, then birds regurgitate to feed their mate, or to feed their chicks. Provided that an officeholder is a holder, we know that the notion that 'either light rays are then focused on that part of the macula called the fovea or mosquito Creek is a major spawning creek for Great Slave Lake walleye' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'either light rays are then focused on that part of the macula called the fovea or mosquito Creek is a major spawning creek for Great Slave Lake walleye' is untrue.
|
The notion that 'either light rays are then focused on that part of the macula called the fovea or mosquito Creek is a major spawning creek for Great Slave Lake walleye' is untrue.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either (Either [3] or [4].) or [5].
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [2].
If [5], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Light rays are then focused on that part of the macula called the fovea.', 1: 'Mosquito Creek is a major spawning creek for Great Slave Lake walleye.', 2: 'Birds regurgitate to feed their mate, or to feed their chicks.', 3: 'Fever viruses cause severe illnesses.', 4: 'Organisms occur in habitats.', 5: 'An officeholder is a holder.'}
| 2 |
1,809 |
['The statement that states some cholesterol leads to blockage is false.', "If airlines are commercial carriers which make a lot of money from ticket revenue, then if the statement 'creativity is about emotion' can be considered false, then some cholesterol leads to blockage.", 'It is reasonable to believe that airlines are commercial carriers which make a lot of money from ticket revenue.']
|
The statement that states some cholesterol leads to blockage is false. If airlines are commercial carriers which make a lot of money from ticket revenue, then if the statement 'creativity is about emotion' can be considered false, then some cholesterol leads to blockage. It is reasonable to believe that airlines are commercial carriers which make a lot of money from ticket revenue.
|
Those that suggest creativity is about emotion are right.
|
The notion that 'creativity is about emotion' is untrue.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
[2]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Creativity is about emotion.', 1: 'Some cholesterol leads to blockage.', 2: 'Airlines are commercial carriers which make a lot of money from ticket revenue.'}
| 2 |
1,350 |
['Provided that many transgender people pray their whole life for a cure one way or another, we know that lethal injection is the most common means of execution in the United States.', 'Once we know it is not true that many transgender people pray their whole life for a cure one way or another, we also know that heat flows spontaneously from a hot object to a cold object.', "One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that many transgender people pray their whole life for a cure one way or another, then the notion that 'heat flows spontaneously from a hot object to a cold object' is untrue."]
|
Provided that many transgender people pray their whole life for a cure one way or another, we know that lethal injection is the most common means of execution in the United States. Once we know it is not true that many transgender people pray their whole life for a cure one way or another, we also know that heat flows spontaneously from a hot object to a cold object. One may reasonably assume that if it is not true that many transgender people pray their whole life for a cure one way or another, then the notion that 'heat flows spontaneously from a hot object to a cold object' is untrue.
|
The claim that lethal injection is the most common means of execution in the United States is true.
|
Lethal injection is the method most used for execution in America.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [1].), then [2].
If (Not [1].), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Lethal injection is the most common means of execution in the United States.', 1: 'Many transgender people pray their whole life for a cure one way or another.', 2: 'Heat flows spontaneously from a hot object to a cold object.'}
| 2 |
1,363 |
['Some people mistakenly believe that men may have muscles.', 'At least one of two things is true: most diets contain milk products, or volume is the amount of space occupied by an object or a material.', 'Given that most diets contain milk products, it can be inferred that either men may have muscles or if obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which is where too much insulin is made, then eyes are capable of blue.', 'Should it be the case that volume is the amount of space occupied by an object or a material, it follows that either men may have muscles or if obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which is where too much insulin is made, then eyes are capable of blue.']
|
Some people mistakenly believe that men may have muscles. At least one of two things is true: most diets contain milk products, or volume is the amount of space occupied by an object or a material. Given that most diets contain milk products, it can be inferred that either men may have muscles or if obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which is where too much insulin is made, then eyes are capable of blue. Should it be the case that volume is the amount of space occupied by an object or a material, it follows that either men may have muscles or if obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which is where too much insulin is made, then eyes are capable of blue.
|
So long as obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which is where too much insulin is made, 'eyes are capable of blue' is true.
|
So long as obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which is where too much insulin is made, 'eyes are capable of blue' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).
If [4], then (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Obesity is associated with insulin resistance, which is where too much insulin is made.', 1: 'Eyes are capable of blue.', 2: 'Men may have muscles.', 3: 'Most diets contain milk products.', 4: 'Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object or a material.'}
| 2 |
1,017 |
['It is rational to believe that either probability is the ratio of the favorable cases to all the cases or brows can be more defined, eye color more expressive, and lip color can be darker.', 'If brows can be more defined, eye color more expressive, and lip color can be darker, then asexual phases take places.', "When the notion that 'if probability is the ratio of the favorable cases to all the cases, then trade secrets protect business secrets' is untrue is true, it follows that stems have cells called meristems that annually generate new living tissue.", 'Those that suggest stems have cells called meristems that annually generate new living tissue are wrong.']
|
It is rational to believe that either probability is the ratio of the favorable cases to all the cases or brows can be more defined, eye color more expressive, and lip color can be darker. If brows can be more defined, eye color more expressive, and lip color can be darker, then asexual phases take places. When the notion that 'if probability is the ratio of the favorable cases to all the cases, then trade secrets protect business secrets' is untrue is true, it follows that stems have cells called meristems that annually generate new living tissue. Those that suggest stems have cells called meristems that annually generate new living tissue are wrong.
|
Either trade secrets protect business secrets or asexual phases take places.
|
The statement, either trade secrets protect business secrets or asexual phases take places, does not hold.
|
FALSE
|
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [3], then [1].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then [4].
Not [4].
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Trade secrets protect business secrets.', 1: 'Asexual phases take places.', 2: 'Probability is the ratio of the favorable cases to all the cases.', 3: 'Brows can be more defined, eye color more expressive, and lip color can be darker.', 4: 'Stems have cells called meristems that annually generate new living tissue.'}
| 2 |
1,186 |
['We know that at least one of two things is true: a mot is wit, or plants convert the nitrates into amino acids, which are the components of protein molecules.', 'It is a fact that either b cells produce antibodies, which are secreted into the bloodstream or if proteins have several levels of structural organization, then smoking is safer than sniffing.', "Given that b cells produce antibodies, which are secreted into the bloodstream, it can be inferred that the notion that 'a mot is wit' is untrue.", "Whenever it is true that if proteins have several levels of structural organization, then smoking is safer than sniffing, 'the notion that 'a mot is wit' is untrue' is true."]
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: a mot is wit, or plants convert the nitrates into amino acids, which are the components of protein molecules. It is a fact that either b cells produce antibodies, which are secreted into the bloodstream or if proteins have several levels of structural organization, then smoking is safer than sniffing. Given that b cells produce antibodies, which are secreted into the bloodstream, it can be inferred that the notion that 'a mot is wit' is untrue. Whenever it is true that if proteins have several levels of structural organization, then smoking is safer than sniffing, 'the notion that 'a mot is wit' is untrue' is true.
|
It is fair to say that plants convert the nitrates into amino acids, which are the components of protein molecules.
|
It is fair to say that plants convert the nitrates into amino acids, which are the components of protein molecules.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or (If [3], then [4].).
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If (If [3], then [4].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Plants convert the nitrates into amino acids, which are the components of protein molecules.', 1: 'A mot is wit.', 2: 'B cells produce antibodies, which are secreted into the bloodstream.', 3: 'Proteins have several levels of structural organization.', 4: 'Smoking is safer than sniffing.'}
| 2 |
1,402 |
['Should it be the case that genealogy is the study of family history, it follows that some people have disabilities.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: ospreys are an indicator species, or fire impacts marten habitats.', "Provided that ospreys are an indicator species, we know that the statement that 'some people have disabilities' is incorrect.", "Provided that fire impacts marten habitats, we know that the statement that 'some people have disabilities' is incorrect."]
|
Should it be the case that genealogy is the study of family history, it follows that some people have disabilities. We know that at least one of two things is true: ospreys are an indicator species, or fire impacts marten habitats. Provided that ospreys are an indicator species, we know that the statement that 'some people have disabilities' is incorrect. Provided that fire impacts marten habitats, we know that the statement that 'some people have disabilities' is incorrect.
|
The claim that genealogy is the study of family history does not correspond with reality.
|
The statement that 'genealogy is kin' is incorrect.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
If [3], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Genealogy is the study of family history.', 1: 'Some people have disabilities.', 2: 'Ospreys are an indicator species.', 3: 'Fire impacts marten habitats.'}
| 2 |
1,338 |
['Given that it is a common misconception that some natural habitats have dramatic temperature fluctuations, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that surgery is the treatment of choice in dogs whose ruptured disc causes paralysis.', 'Either glaze isa ornament or if it is a common misconception that some natural habitats have dramatic temperature fluctuations, then surgery is the treatment of choice in dogs whose ruptured disc causes paralysis.', 'The claim that glaze isa ornament has no merit.']
|
Given that it is a common misconception that some natural habitats have dramatic temperature fluctuations, it can be inferred that it is a common misconception that surgery is the treatment of choice in dogs whose ruptured disc causes paralysis. Either glaze isa ornament or if it is a common misconception that some natural habitats have dramatic temperature fluctuations, then surgery is the treatment of choice in dogs whose ruptured disc causes paralysis. The claim that glaze isa ornament has no merit.
|
Those that suggest some natural habitats have dramatic temperature fluctuations are right.
|
Some people mistakenly believe that some natural habitats have dramatic temperature fluctuations.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Some natural habitats have dramatic temperature fluctuations.', 1: 'Surgery is the treatment of choice in dogs whose ruptured disc causes paralysis.', 2: 'Glaze isa ornament.'}
| 2 |
1,206 |
["Should it be the case that hemlock stands account for more than five per cent of Maine's total forest population, it follows that judging are used for justice.", "We know that at least one of two things is true: some barnacles have penises, or hemlock stands account for more than five per cent of Maine's total forest population.", 'The statement, some barnacles have penises, does not hold.']
|
Should it be the case that hemlock stands account for more than five per cent of Maine's total forest population, it follows that judging are used for justice. We know that at least one of two things is true: some barnacles have penises, or hemlock stands account for more than five per cent of Maine's total forest population. The statement, some barnacles have penises, does not hold.
|
It is a simple truth that judging are used for justice.
|
It is a simple truth that judging are used for justice.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Judging are used for justice.', 1: "Hemlock stands account for more than five per cent of Maine's total forest population.", 2: 'Some barnacles have penises.'}
| 2 |
1,963 |
['We can assume that lactic acid contributes to better digestibility of the bread product and gives it a unique flavour.', "Assuming the statement that states if lactic acid contributes to better digestibility of the bread product and gives it a unique flavour, then the statement that 'either love is soccer players or irons are metallic elements' is incorrect is false, we know that dogs can climb fences and take advantage of unsecured gates.", "Should it be the case that the statement that states if lactic acid contributes to better digestibility of the bread product and gives it a unique flavour, then the statement that 'either love is soccer players or irons are metallic elements' is incorrect is false, it follows that the claim that dogs can climb fences and take advantage of unsecured gates is false."]
|
We can assume that lactic acid contributes to better digestibility of the bread product and gives it a unique flavour. Assuming the statement that states if lactic acid contributes to better digestibility of the bread product and gives it a unique flavour, then the statement that 'either love is soccer players or irons are metallic elements' is incorrect is false, we know that dogs can climb fences and take advantage of unsecured gates. Should it be the case that the statement that states if lactic acid contributes to better digestibility of the bread product and gives it a unique flavour, then the statement that 'either love is soccer players or irons are metallic elements' is incorrect is false, it follows that the claim that dogs can climb fences and take advantage of unsecured gates is false.
|
The statement that 'either love is soccer players or irons are metallic elements' is incorrect.
|
We know that at least one of two things is true: love is soccer players, or irons are metallic elements.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).). [SC1-1]
[2]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).).), then [3].
If (Not (If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [2], then (Not (Either [0] or [1].).)..
|
{0: 'Love is soccer players.', 1: 'Irons are metallic elements.', 2: 'Lactic acid contributes to better digestibility of the bread product and gives it a unique flavour.', 3: 'Dogs can climb fences and take advantage of unsecured gates.'}
| 2 |
1,345 |
["The notion that 'oar isa implement' is untrue.", 'It is a fact that either faces are rich in information about individual identity, mood and mental state or screen savers are designs.', 'Assuming faces are rich in information about individual identity, mood and mental state, we know that either oar isa implement or some bears live in Europe or Asia.', 'Once we know screen savers are designs, we also know that either oar isa implement or some bears live in Europe or Asia.']
|
The notion that 'oar isa implement' is untrue. It is a fact that either faces are rich in information about individual identity, mood and mental state or screen savers are designs. Assuming faces are rich in information about individual identity, mood and mental state, we know that either oar isa implement or some bears live in Europe or Asia. Once we know screen savers are designs, we also know that either oar isa implement or some bears live in Europe or Asia.
|
It is rational to agree that some bears live in Europe or Asia.
|
Bears go to mountains.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (Either [1] or [0].).
If [3], then (Either [1] or [0].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [0]..
|
{0: 'Some bears live in Europe or Asia.', 1: 'Oar isa implement.', 2: 'Faces are rich in information about individual identity, mood and mental state.', 3: 'Screen savers are designs.'}
| 2 |
1,313 |
['Those that suggest young plants survive winter and early spring as low-growing rosettes are wrong.', 'Once we know some people mistakenly believe that if spectroscopy uses hundreds of filters, then abortion is muder of a human being, we also know that hayman Constants Let f be a transcendental entire function.', 'On the condition that hayman Constants Let f be a transcendental entire function, it is definitely the case that young plants survive winter and early spring as low-growing rosettes.']
|
Those that suggest young plants survive winter and early spring as low-growing rosettes are wrong. Once we know some people mistakenly believe that if spectroscopy uses hundreds of filters, then abortion is muder of a human being, we also know that hayman Constants Let f be a transcendental entire function. On the condition that hayman Constants Let f be a transcendental entire function, it is definitely the case that young plants survive winter and early spring as low-growing rosettes.
|
Assuming spectroscopy uses hundreds of filters, we know that abortion is muder of a human being.
|
Provided that spectroscopy is a method that separates a star's light into a bar of several different colors, we know that abortion is muder of a human being
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]. [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [3].
If [3], then [2].
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then [2]..
|
{0: 'Spectroscopy uses hundreds of filters.', 1: 'Abortion is muder of a human being.', 2: 'Young plants survive winter and early spring as low-growing rosettes.', 3: 'Hayman Constants Let f be a transcendental entire function.'}
| 2 |
1,242 |
['There is good reason to believe that either if mercifulness is leniency, then naturalists have (part) sections or ingrown nails are nails whose corners or sides dig painfully into the skin, often causing infection.', "So long as if mercifulness is leniency, then naturalists have (part) sections, 'the statement 'prairie dogs dig underground burrows to hide from enemies' can be considered false' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if ingrown nails are nails whose corners or sides dig painfully into the skin, often causing infection, then energy companies argue that they are investing billions of dollars in California.', "So long as energy companies argue that they are investing billions of dollars in California, 'the statement 'prairie dogs dig underground burrows to hide from enemies' can be considered false' is true."]
|
There is good reason to believe that either if mercifulness is leniency, then naturalists have (part) sections or ingrown nails are nails whose corners or sides dig painfully into the skin, often causing infection. So long as if mercifulness is leniency, then naturalists have (part) sections, 'the statement 'prairie dogs dig underground burrows to hide from enemies' can be considered false' is true. One may reasonably assume that if ingrown nails are nails whose corners or sides dig painfully into the skin, often causing infection, then energy companies argue that they are investing billions of dollars in California. So long as energy companies argue that they are investing billions of dollars in California, 'the statement 'prairie dogs dig underground burrows to hide from enemies' can be considered false' is true.
|
The statement 'prairie dogs dig underground burrows to hide from enemies' can be considered false.
|
It is reasonable to believe that prairie dogs dig underground burrows to hide from enemies.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (If [1], then [2].) or [3].
If (If [1], then [2].), then (Not [0].).
If [3], then (Not [0].). [SC3-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC3-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If [3], then [4].
If [4], then (Not [0].).
Therefore, If [3], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Prairie dogs dig underground burrows to hide from enemies.', 1: 'Mercifulness is leniency.', 2: 'Naturalists have (part) sections.', 3: 'Ingrown nails are nails whose corners or sides dig painfully into the skin, often causing infection.', 4: 'Energy companies argue that they are investing billions of dollars in California.'}
| 2 |
1,913 |
['It is rational to believe that either dumpers have (part) gasoline tanks or pigs can become spoiled and manipulative.', 'Given that dumpers have (part) gasoline tanks, it can be inferred that dolomitic limestone contains calcium and magnesium.', "So long as we know that the claim that if pigs can become spoiled and manipulative, then dolomitic limestone contains calcium and magnesium is false, 'either caterpillars come in many colors and patterns or thistle are very easy to grow' is true.", 'Those that suggest either caterpillars come in many colors and patterns or thistle are very easy to grow are wrong.']
|
It is rational to believe that either dumpers have (part) gasoline tanks or pigs can become spoiled and manipulative. Given that dumpers have (part) gasoline tanks, it can be inferred that dolomitic limestone contains calcium and magnesium. So long as we know that the claim that if pigs can become spoiled and manipulative, then dolomitic limestone contains calcium and magnesium is false, 'either caterpillars come in many colors and patterns or thistle are very easy to grow' is true. Those that suggest either caterpillars come in many colors and patterns or thistle are very easy to grow are wrong.
|
It is fair to say that dolomitic limestone contains calcium and magnesium.
|
Dolomitic limestone is the most common form of liming material sold in Connecticut.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0].
If [2], then [0]. [SC3-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC3-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [2], then [0].).), then (Either [3] or [4].).
Not (Either [3] or [4].).
Therefore, If [2], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Dolomitic limestone contains calcium and magnesium.', 1: 'Dumpers have (part) gasoline tanks.', 2: 'Pigs can become spoiled and manipulative.', 3: 'Caterpillars come in many colors and patterns.', 4: 'Thistle are very easy to grow.'}
| 2 |
1,170 |
["So long as potted trees are bare toot trees that have been containerized, 'toads have tadpole stages' is true.", 'When a stator is a mechanical device is true, it follows that potted trees are bare toot trees that have been containerized.', 'We can assume that a stator is a mechanical device.']
|
So long as potted trees are bare toot trees that have been containerized, 'toads have tadpole stages' is true. When a stator is a mechanical device is true, it follows that potted trees are bare toot trees that have been containerized. We can assume that a stator is a mechanical device.
|
The statement 'toads have tadpole stages' can be considered true.
|
The statement 'toads have tadpole stages' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then [1].
[2]
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Toads have tadpole stages.', 1: 'Potted trees are bare toot trees that have been containerized.', 2: 'A stator is a mechanical device.'}
| 2 |
1,187 |
['It is a fact that either landfills are waste management structures where waste is placed into the land or the statement that states either some legumes contain acid or many farms also rely on tourism to make money is false.', "So long as landfills are waste management structures where waste is placed into the land, 'plovers stalk their prey, stopping occidentalis, is the most abundant species on the open coast' is true.", 'Assuming landfills are waste management structures where waste is placed into the land, we know that the statement, plovers stalk their prey, stopping occidentalis, is the most abundant species on the open coast, does not hold.']
|
It is a fact that either landfills are waste management structures where waste is placed into the land or the statement that states either some legumes contain acid or many farms also rely on tourism to make money is false. So long as landfills are waste management structures where waste is placed into the land, 'plovers stalk their prey, stopping occidentalis, is the most abundant species on the open coast' is true. Assuming landfills are waste management structures where waste is placed into the land, we know that the statement, plovers stalk their prey, stopping occidentalis, is the most abundant species on the open coast, does not hold.
|
The statement that states either some legumes contain acid or many farms also rely on tourism to make money is false.
|
Those that suggest legumes are the preferred host plant of the velvetbean caterpillar are wrong.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not (Either [0] or [1].).).
Not [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not (Either [0] or [1].)..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [2], then [3].
If [2], then (Not [3].).
Therefore, Not [2]..
|
{0: 'Some legumes contain acid.', 1: 'Many farms also rely on tourism to make money.', 2: 'Landfills are waste management structures where waste is placed into the land.', 3: 'Plovers stalk their prey, stopping occidentalis, is the most abundant species on the open coast.'}
| 2 |
1,934 |
['If either grenoble university is one of the European centre for education or most people regard Asian people as more intelligent than white people, then war results in death.', "It is a fact that either cocaine is a drug that's much more geared toward the creative process or uncontrolled diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney disease, amputations, heart disease, and death.", "So long as cocaine is a drug that's much more geared toward the creative process, 'either grenoble university is one of the European centre for education or most people regard Asian people as more intelligent than white people' is true.", 'Assuming uncontrolled diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney disease, amputations, heart disease, and death, we know that either grenoble university is one of the European centre for education or most people regard Asian people as more intelligent than white people.']
|
If either grenoble university is one of the European centre for education or most people regard Asian people as more intelligent than white people, then war results in death. It is a fact that either cocaine is a drug that's much more geared toward the creative process or uncontrolled diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney disease, amputations, heart disease, and death. So long as cocaine is a drug that's much more geared toward the creative process, 'either grenoble university is one of the European centre for education or most people regard Asian people as more intelligent than white people' is true. Assuming uncontrolled diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney disease, amputations, heart disease, and death, we know that either grenoble university is one of the European centre for education or most people regard Asian people as more intelligent than white people.
|
It is reasonable to believe that war results in death.
|
War is the one arena in which politicians have no place.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].
Either [1] or [2]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (Either [1] or [2].).
If [4], then (Either [1] or [2].).
Therefore, Either [1] or [2]..
|
{0: 'War results in death.', 1: 'Grenoble university is one of the European centre for education.', 2: 'Most people regard Asian people as more intelligent than white people.', 3: "Cocaine is a drug that's much more geared toward the creative process.", 4: 'Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney disease, amputations, heart disease, and death.'}
| 2 |
1,133 |
['Assuming the claim that dichromate is salt does not correspond with reality, we know that if mouthparts are extremities, then most fish has-part mouths.', 'Provided that if mouthparts are extremities, then most fish has-part mouths, we know that fats are often also present in the urine.', "The notion that 'fats are often also present in the urine' is untrue."]
|
Assuming the claim that dichromate is salt does not correspond with reality, we know that if mouthparts are extremities, then most fish has-part mouths. Provided that if mouthparts are extremities, then most fish has-part mouths, we know that fats are often also present in the urine. The notion that 'fats are often also present in the urine' is untrue.
|
We can assume that dichromate is salt.
|
Those that suggest dichromate is salt are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).
Not (If [1], then [2].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (If [1], then [2].), then [3].
Not [3].
Therefore, Not (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Dichromate is salt.', 1: 'Mouthparts are extremities.', 2: 'Most fish has-part mouths.', 3: 'Fats are often also present in the urine.'}
| 2 |
1,301 |
["It is a fact that either either misdemeanors are crime or livestock can contribute in various ways on a farm or either gender is what culture makes out of the 'raw material' of biological sex or leadership does make a difference in the life of a society and in the course of history.", "On the condition that either gender is what culture makes out of the 'raw material' of biological sex or leadership does make a difference in the life of a society and in the course of history, it is definitely the case that modern crocodilians have hearts.", 'We know that either schizophrenics take up more psychiatric hospital beds than all other disorders combined or if either misdemeanors are crime or livestock can contribute in various ways on a farm, then modern crocodilians have hearts.', 'We know that the claim that schizophrenics take up more psychiatric hospital beds than all other disorders combined is false.']
|
It is a fact that either either misdemeanors are crime or livestock can contribute in various ways on a farm or either gender is what culture makes out of the 'raw material' of biological sex or leadership does make a difference in the life of a society and in the course of history. On the condition that either gender is what culture makes out of the 'raw material' of biological sex or leadership does make a difference in the life of a society and in the course of history, it is definitely the case that modern crocodilians have hearts. We know that either schizophrenics take up more psychiatric hospital beds than all other disorders combined or if either misdemeanors are crime or livestock can contribute in various ways on a farm, then modern crocodilians have hearts. We know that the claim that schizophrenics take up more psychiatric hospital beds than all other disorders combined is false.
|
The claim that modern crocodilians have hearts is true.
|
The claim that modern crocodilians have hearts is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [1] or [2].) or (Either [3] or [4].).
If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]. [SC2-1]
If (Either [3] or [4].), then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [5] or (If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0].).
Not [5].
Therefore, If (Either [1] or [2].), then [0]..
|
{0: 'Modern crocodilians have hearts.', 1: 'Misdemeanors are crime.', 2: 'Livestock can contribute in various ways on a farm.', 3: "Gender is what culture makes out of the 'raw material' of biological sex.", 4: 'Leadership does make a difference in the life of a society and in the course of history.', 5: 'Schizophrenics take up more psychiatric hospital beds than all other disorders combined.'}
| 2 |
1,731 |
['It is not the case that visual proprioception is present at birth and appears early on in evolution.', 'We know that at least one of two things is true: if elk eat vegetation, then postmodern spirituality is even different from postmodern philosophy, or either visual proprioception is present at birth and appears early on in evolution or if usefulness is quality, then prostate cancer affects more men than any other cancer except skin cancer.', "The statement 'if elk eat vegetation, then postmodern spirituality is even different from postmodern philosophy' can be considered false."]
|
It is not the case that visual proprioception is present at birth and appears early on in evolution. We know that at least one of two things is true: if elk eat vegetation, then postmodern spirituality is even different from postmodern philosophy, or either visual proprioception is present at birth and appears early on in evolution or if usefulness is quality, then prostate cancer affects more men than any other cancer except skin cancer. The statement 'if elk eat vegetation, then postmodern spirituality is even different from postmodern philosophy' can be considered false.
|
Given that usefulness is quality, it can be inferred that prostate cancer affects more men than any other cancer except skin cancer.
|
Given that usefulness is quality, it can be inferred that prostate cancer affects more men than any other cancer except skin cancer.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either (If [3], then [4].) or (Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].).).
Not (If [3], then [4].).
Therefore, Either [2] or (If [0], then [1].)..
|
{0: 'Usefulness is quality.', 1: 'Prostate cancer affects more men than any other cancer except skin cancer.', 2: 'Visual proprioception is present at birth and appears early on in evolution.', 3: 'Elk eat vegetation.', 4: 'Postmodern spirituality is even different from postmodern philosophy.'}
| 2 |
1,670 |
['Given that thai soups are normally light in texture, but strong in taste, it can be inferred that education includes a variety of forms of participation and expression.', 'On the condition that it is not true that if thai soups are normally light in texture, but strong in taste, then it is not true that education includes a variety of forms of participation and expression, it is definitely the case that images have noise levels.', "The notion that 'images have noise levels' is untrue."]
|
Given that thai soups are normally light in texture, but strong in taste, it can be inferred that education includes a variety of forms of participation and expression. On the condition that it is not true that if thai soups are normally light in texture, but strong in taste, then it is not true that education includes a variety of forms of participation and expression, it is definitely the case that images have noise levels. The notion that 'images have noise levels' is untrue.
|
It is a common misconception that thai soups are normally light in texture, but strong in taste.
|
It is rational to agree that thai soups are normally light in texture, but strong in taste.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [0], then [1].
If [0], then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If (Not (If [0], then (Not [1].).).), then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, If [0], then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Thai soups are normally light in texture, but strong in taste.', 1: 'Education includes a variety of forms of participation and expression.', 2: 'Images have noise levels.'}
| 2 |
1,318 |
["Should it be the case that the claim that human capital is crucial to raising the living standards of the poor does not reflect reality, it follows that those that suggest if diversity represents the world's biological and cultural heritage, then taxonomists are diverse are wrong.", "Provided that human beings are unique individuals who have worth, rights, and inherent dignity, we know that if the claim that human capital is crucial to raising the living standards of the poor does not reflect reality, then if diversity represents the world's biological and cultural heritage, then taxonomists are diverse.", 'It is the case that human beings are unique individuals who have worth, rights, and inherent dignity.']
|
Should it be the case that the claim that human capital is crucial to raising the living standards of the poor does not reflect reality, it follows that those that suggest if diversity represents the world's biological and cultural heritage, then taxonomists are diverse are wrong. Provided that human beings are unique individuals who have worth, rights, and inherent dignity, we know that if the claim that human capital is crucial to raising the living standards of the poor does not reflect reality, then if diversity represents the world's biological and cultural heritage, then taxonomists are diverse. It is the case that human beings are unique individuals who have worth, rights, and inherent dignity.
|
The statement 'human capital is crucial to raising the living standards of the poor' is true.
|
The statement 'human capital is crucial to raising the living standards of the poor' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].). [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not (If [1], then [2].).).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [3], then (If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].).).
[3]
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (If [1], then [2].)..
|
{0: 'Human capital is crucial to raising the living standards of the poor.', 1: "Diversity represents the world's biological and cultural heritage.", 2: 'Taxonomists are diverse.', 3: 'Human beings are unique individuals who have worth, rights, and inherent dignity.'}
| 2 |
1,078 |
['We can assume that most people are happier being around people who are comfortable in their own skin.', 'It is rational to believe that either rabies is present in Vermont, as in other areas in the Northeast or if most people are happier being around people who are comfortable in their own skin, then those that suggest bactericidal agents exhibit hormesis in yeast are wrong.', 'The claim that rabies is present in Vermont, as in other areas in the Northeast has no merit.']
|
We can assume that most people are happier being around people who are comfortable in their own skin. It is rational to believe that either rabies is present in Vermont, as in other areas in the Northeast or if most people are happier being around people who are comfortable in their own skin, then those that suggest bactericidal agents exhibit hormesis in yeast are wrong. The claim that rabies is present in Vermont, as in other areas in the Northeast has no merit.
|
Those that suggest bactericidal agents exhibit hormesis in yeast are wrong.
|
The claim that a chin is a feature is false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Bactericidal agents exhibit hormesis in yeast.', 1: 'Most people are happier being around people who are comfortable in their own skin.', 2: 'Rabies is present in Vermont, as in other areas in the Northeast.'}
| 2 |
1,521 |
["Either color is an essential element of every woman's outfit or the statement that 'epitaxial growth means that the thickness of the layers can be controlled with atomic precision' is incorrect.", "It is a fact that either racism is a system of advantage based on race or the statement 'color is an essential element of every woman's outfit' can be considered false.", 'The claim that racism is a system of advantage based on race does not reflect reality.']
|
Either color is an essential element of every woman's outfit or the statement that 'epitaxial growth means that the thickness of the layers can be controlled with atomic precision' is incorrect. It is a fact that either racism is a system of advantage based on race or the statement 'color is an essential element of every woman's outfit' can be considered false. The claim that racism is a system of advantage based on race does not reflect reality.
|
The statement that 'epitaxial growth means that the thickness of the layers can be controlled with atomic precision' is incorrect.
|
The claim that bit is short for binary digit , and is the smallest unit of information used by computers does not reflect reality.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or (Not [0].).
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Not [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Epitaxial growth means that the thickness of the layers can be controlled with atomic precision.', 1: "Color is an essential element of every woman's outfit.", 2: 'Racism is a system of advantage based on race.'}
| 2 |
1,346 |
['Once we know schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency, we also know that jazz is accepted as a glimmer in the millennial dawn.', 'Once we know jazz is accepted as a glimmer in the millennial dawn, we also know that grandparents express pain.', "Whenever it is true that jazz is accepted as a glimmer in the millennial dawn, 'the statement, grandparents express pain, does not hold' is true."]
|
Once we know schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency, we also know that jazz is accepted as a glimmer in the millennial dawn. Once we know jazz is accepted as a glimmer in the millennial dawn, we also know that grandparents express pain. Whenever it is true that jazz is accepted as a glimmer in the millennial dawn, 'the statement, grandparents express pain, does not hold' is true.
|
It is not true that schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency.
|
Those that suggest schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency are right.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Tonens:
If [0], then [1].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If [1], then [2].
If [1], then (Not [2].).
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Schizophrenia affects men and women with equal frequency.', 1: 'Jazz is accepted as a glimmer in the millennial dawn.', 2: 'Grandparents express pain.'}
| 2 |
1,198 |
["The statement that 'cayenne stimulates the flow of saliva and stomach secretions, which is beneficial to the body' is incorrect.", 'On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that soft corals require extremely good water quality, it is definitely the case that dikes are often steeply inclined or nearly vertical.', "Whenever it is true that dikes are often steeply inclined or nearly vertical, 'cayenne stimulates the flow of saliva and stomach secretions, which is beneficial to the body' is true."]
|
The statement that 'cayenne stimulates the flow of saliva and stomach secretions, which is beneficial to the body' is incorrect. On the condition that some people mistakenly believe that soft corals require extremely good water quality, it is definitely the case that dikes are often steeply inclined or nearly vertical. Whenever it is true that dikes are often steeply inclined or nearly vertical, 'cayenne stimulates the flow of saliva and stomach secretions, which is beneficial to the body' is true.
|
It is rational to agree that soft corals require extremely good water quality.
|
Most soft corals rely on the ocean current to supply necessary nutrients.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Soft corals require extremely good water quality.', 1: 'Cayenne stimulates the flow of saliva and stomach secretions, which is beneficial to the body.', 2: 'Dikes are often steeply inclined or nearly vertical.'}
| 2 |
1,865 |
['The claim that dogma is beliefs is false.', 'There is good reason to believe that either patients suffer from coronary diseases or either dogma is beliefs or either poker is the art of the bet, combined with smooth talking and high emotions or grapefruit has (part) peels.', 'Some people mistakenly believe that patients suffer from coronary diseases.']
|
The claim that dogma is beliefs is false. There is good reason to believe that either patients suffer from coronary diseases or either dogma is beliefs or either poker is the art of the bet, combined with smooth talking and high emotions or grapefruit has (part) peels. Some people mistakenly believe that patients suffer from coronary diseases.
|
At least one of two things is true: poker is the art of the bet, combined with smooth talking and high emotions, or grapefruit has (part) peels.
|
At least one of two things is true: poker is the art of the bet, combined with smooth talking and high emotions, or grapefruit has (part) peels.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
Not [2].
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].).).
Not [3].
Therefore, Either [2] or (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: 'Poker is the art of the bet, combined with smooth talking and high emotions.', 1: 'Grapefruit has (part) peels.', 2: 'Dogma is beliefs.', 3: 'Patients suffer from coronary diseases.'}
| 2 |
1,548 |
['It is fair to say that stasis is death.', 'One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if stasis is death, then porcelain is easier to clean and less likely to rust is false, then diets consist of fresh fruit.', "Whenever it is true that the claim that if stasis is death, then porcelain is easier to clean and less likely to rust is false, 'it is not the case that diets consist of fresh fruit' is true."]
|
It is fair to say that stasis is death. One may reasonably assume that if the claim that if stasis is death, then porcelain is easier to clean and less likely to rust is false, then diets consist of fresh fruit. Whenever it is true that the claim that if stasis is death, then porcelain is easier to clean and less likely to rust is false, 'it is not the case that diets consist of fresh fruit' is true.
|
It is the case that porcelain is easier to clean and less likely to rust.
|
Those that suggest porcelain is easier to clean and less likely to rust are wrong.
|
FALSE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Porcelain is easier to clean and less likely to rust.', 1: 'Stasis is death.', 2: 'Diets consist of fresh fruit.'}
| 2 |
1,915 |
['The claim that soybeans appear to be more tolerant to grub feeding than corn or wheat holds true.', 'It is rational to believe that either kennels have (part) elevator cars or sporophytes make spores and the cycle continues.', 'Once we know kennels have (part) elevator cars, we also know that if soybeans appear to be more tolerant to grub feeding than corn or wheat, then the statement, alpha blending is used to show transparency in objects, does not hold.', 'One may reasonably assume that if sporophytes make spores and the cycle continues, then if soybeans appear to be more tolerant to grub feeding than corn or wheat, then the statement, alpha blending is used to show transparency in objects, does not hold.']
|
The claim that soybeans appear to be more tolerant to grub feeding than corn or wheat holds true. It is rational to believe that either kennels have (part) elevator cars or sporophytes make spores and the cycle continues. Once we know kennels have (part) elevator cars, we also know that if soybeans appear to be more tolerant to grub feeding than corn or wheat, then the statement, alpha blending is used to show transparency in objects, does not hold. One may reasonably assume that if sporophytes make spores and the cycle continues, then if soybeans appear to be more tolerant to grub feeding than corn or wheat, then the statement, alpha blending is used to show transparency in objects, does not hold.
|
The statement, alpha blending is used to show transparency in objects, does not hold.
|
The statement 'alpha blending is used to simulate paints of various opacity' can be considered false.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then (Not [0].). [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [2] or [3].
If [2], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
If [3], then (If [1], then (Not [0].).).
Therefore, If [1], then (Not [0].)..
|
{0: 'Alpha blending is used to show transparency in objects.', 1: 'Soybeans appear to be more tolerant to grub feeding than corn or wheat.', 2: 'Kennels have (part) elevator cars.', 3: 'Sporophytes make spores and the cycle continues.'}
| 2 |
1,588 |
['Assuming some people mistakenly believe that faith believes and lives according to that belief, we know that the claim that some orioles eat fruit does not reflect reality.', "Whenever it is true that the statement that states if some people mistakenly believe that faith believes and lives according to that belief, then some orioles eat fruit is false, 'severe bloat occurs on legume pastures' is true.", 'One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states if some people mistakenly believe that faith believes and lives according to that belief, then some orioles eat fruit is false, then the claim that severe bloat occurs on legume pastures is false.']
|
Assuming some people mistakenly believe that faith believes and lives according to that belief, we know that the claim that some orioles eat fruit does not reflect reality. Whenever it is true that the statement that states if some people mistakenly believe that faith believes and lives according to that belief, then some orioles eat fruit is false, 'severe bloat occurs on legume pastures' is true. One may reasonably assume that if the statement that states if some people mistakenly believe that faith believes and lives according to that belief, then some orioles eat fruit is false, then the claim that severe bloat occurs on legume pastures is false.
|
It is true that faith believes and lives according to that belief.
|
Faith is trust, while faithfulness is the ability or quality of maintaining or keeping trust.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then [2].
If (Not (If (Not [0].), then [1].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Faith believes and lives according to that belief.', 1: 'Some orioles eat fruit.', 2: 'Severe bloat occurs on legume pastures.'}
| 2 |
1,447 |
['Once we know it is not true that deputies have power, we also know that stomachs have fatty acid receptors.', "So long as it is not true that deputies have power, 'animals rely on vegetation' is true.", "Whenever it is true that animals rely on vegetation, 'the statement that states stomachs have fatty acid receptors is false' is true."]
|
Once we know it is not true that deputies have power, we also know that stomachs have fatty acid receptors. So long as it is not true that deputies have power, 'animals rely on vegetation' is true. Whenever it is true that animals rely on vegetation, 'the statement that states stomachs have fatty acid receptors is false' is true.
|
The statement 'deputies have power' is true.
|
The statement 'deputies have power' is true.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then [2].
If [2], then (Not [1].).
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Deputies have power.', 1: 'Stomachs have fatty acid receptors.', 2: 'Animals rely on vegetation.'}
| 2 |
1,021 |
['It is a common misconception that mongolian gerbils eat vegetables.', 'We know that either most large trees have large limbs or if some people mistakenly believe that most terrestrial animals have body coverings that help prevent dehydration, then mongolian gerbils eat vegetables.', 'The claim that most large trees have large limbs does not correspond with reality.']
|
It is a common misconception that mongolian gerbils eat vegetables. We know that either most large trees have large limbs or if some people mistakenly believe that most terrestrial animals have body coverings that help prevent dehydration, then mongolian gerbils eat vegetables. The claim that most large trees have large limbs does not correspond with reality.
|
Those that suggest most terrestrial animals have body coverings that help prevent dehydration are right.
|
Those that suggest most terrestrial animals have body coverings that help prevent dehydration are right.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Tonens:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
Not [1].
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then [1].).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Most terrestrial animals have body coverings that help prevent dehydration.', 1: 'Mongolian gerbils eat vegetables.', 2: 'Most large trees have large limbs.'}
| 2 |
1,724 |
['Either privacy is a major conflict of interest between teenagers and their parents or some societies have snakes.', "Provided that some societies have snakes, we know that agriculture is an important part of the basin's economy and culture.", "At least one of two things is true: bread pudding is food, or if privacy is a major conflict of interest between teenagers and their parents, then agriculture is an important part of the basin's economy and culture.", 'The statement, bread pudding is food, does not hold.']
|
Either privacy is a major conflict of interest between teenagers and their parents or some societies have snakes. Provided that some societies have snakes, we know that agriculture is an important part of the basin's economy and culture. At least one of two things is true: bread pudding is food, or if privacy is a major conflict of interest between teenagers and their parents, then agriculture is an important part of the basin's economy and culture. The statement, bread pudding is food, does not hold.
|
The claim that agriculture is an important part of the basin's economy and culture is true.
|
The claim that agriculture is an important part of the basin's economy and culture is true.
|
TRUE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [3] or (If [1], then [0].).
Not [3].
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: "Agriculture is an important part of the basin's economy and culture.", 1: 'Privacy is a major conflict of interest between teenagers and their parents.', 2: 'Some societies have snakes.', 3: 'Bread pudding is food.'}
| 2 |
1,718 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: many cities have streets named after presidents of the United States, or fungi require water.', "So long as many cities have streets named after presidents of the United States, 'most proteins require energy' is true.", 'It is not the case that most proteins require energy.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: many cities have streets named after presidents of the United States, or fungi require water. So long as many cities have streets named after presidents of the United States, 'most proteins require energy' is true. It is not the case that most proteins require energy.
|
We can assume that fungi require water.
|
The statement 'fungi require water' can be considered false.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [1] or [0].
Not [1]. [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Modus Tonens:
If [1], then [2].
Not [2].
Therefore, Not [1]..
|
{0: 'Fungi require water.', 1: 'Many cities have streets named after presidents of the United States.', 2: 'Most proteins require energy.'}
| 2 |
1,250 |
["The statement 'video stores rent slasher films that feature graphic and erotic scenes of female mutilation' is true.", 'At least one of two things is true: some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections, or l is a representation with finite image.', "Given that some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections, it can be inferred that if video stores rent slasher films that feature graphic and erotic scenes of female mutilation, then either many linguists believe the child's brain is preprogrammed for language learning or deep change is systemic in nature.", "Given that l is a representation with finite image, it can be inferred that if video stores rent slasher films that feature graphic and erotic scenes of female mutilation, then either many linguists believe the child's brain is preprogrammed for language learning or deep change is systemic in nature."]
|
The statement 'video stores rent slasher films that feature graphic and erotic scenes of female mutilation' is true. At least one of two things is true: some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections, or l is a representation with finite image. Given that some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections, it can be inferred that if video stores rent slasher films that feature graphic and erotic scenes of female mutilation, then either many linguists believe the child's brain is preprogrammed for language learning or deep change is systemic in nature. Given that l is a representation with finite image, it can be inferred that if video stores rent slasher films that feature graphic and erotic scenes of female mutilation, then either many linguists believe the child's brain is preprogrammed for language learning or deep change is systemic in nature.
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: many linguists believe the child's brain is preprogrammed for language learning, or deep change is systemic in nature.
|
Either linguists divide sounds up into several large categories or orchestrations are arrangements.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].). [SC1-1]
[2]
Therefore, Either [0] or [1]..
[SC1-1]
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [3] or [4].
If [3], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
If [4], then (If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].).).
Therefore, If [2], then (Either [0] or [1].)..
|
{0: "Many linguists believe the child's brain is preprogrammed for language learning.", 1: 'Deep change is systemic in nature.', 2: 'Video stores rent slasher films that feature graphic and erotic scenes of female mutilation.', 3: 'Some botanic gardens have extensive lilac collections.', 4: 'L is a representation with finite image.'}
| 2 |
1,243 |
['One may reasonably assume that if some people mistakenly believe that if hyraxes are comparable in size and external appearances to rodents and rabbits , then people have different personality types and styles of relating, then either safe sex is just as important for older adults as it is for the young or adequate irrigation can help prevent blackheart, a physiological disorder.', "There is good reason to believe that either fawns typically learn certain behaviors while in small groups or if some people mistakenly believe that if hyraxes are comparable in size and external appearances to rodents and rabbits , then people have different personality types and styles of relating, then the notion that 'either safe sex is just as important for older adults as it is for the young or adequate irrigation can help prevent blackheart, a physiological disorder' is untrue.", 'The claim that fawns typically learn certain behaviors while in small groups does not reflect reality.']
|
One may reasonably assume that if some people mistakenly believe that if hyraxes are comparable in size and external appearances to rodents and rabbits , then people have different personality types and styles of relating, then either safe sex is just as important for older adults as it is for the young or adequate irrigation can help prevent blackheart, a physiological disorder. There is good reason to believe that either fawns typically learn certain behaviors while in small groups or if some people mistakenly believe that if hyraxes are comparable in size and external appearances to rodents and rabbits , then people have different personality types and styles of relating, then the notion that 'either safe sex is just as important for older adults as it is for the young or adequate irrigation can help prevent blackheart, a physiological disorder' is untrue. The claim that fawns typically learn certain behaviors while in small groups does not reflect reality.
|
One may reasonably assume that if hyraxes are comparable in size and external appearances to rodents and rabbits , then people have different personality types and styles of relating.
|
The claim that if hyraxes are comparable in size and external appearances to rodents and rabbits , then people have different personality types and styles of relating does not reflect reality.
|
FALSE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Either [2] or [3].).
If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).). [SC2-1]
Therefore, If [0], then [1]..
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [4] or (If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).).).
Not [4].
Therefore, If (Not (If [0], then [1].).), then (Not (Either [2] or [3].).)..
|
{0: 'Hyraxes are comparable in size and external appearances to rodents and rabbits .', 1: 'People have different personality types and styles of relating.', 2: 'Safe sex is just as important for older adults as it is for the young.', 3: 'Adequate irrigation can help prevent blackheart, a physiological disorder.', 4: 'Fawns typically learn certain behaviors while in small groups.'}
| 2 |
1,571 |
['Either one or both of these statements are true: sebum plays an important role in maintaining a normal flora, or histamine affects nearby nerves resulting in itching.', 'If histamine affects nearby nerves resulting in itching, then antihistamines also cause drowsiness.', 'Given that we know that the claim that if sebum plays an important role in maintaining a normal flora, then antihistamines also cause drowsiness is false, it can be inferred that conditions affect plant growth.', 'Once we know we know that the claim that if sebum plays an important role in maintaining a normal flora, then antihistamines also cause drowsiness is false, we also know that the claim that conditions affect plant growth does not reflect reality.']
|
Either one or both of these statements are true: sebum plays an important role in maintaining a normal flora, or histamine affects nearby nerves resulting in itching. If histamine affects nearby nerves resulting in itching, then antihistamines also cause drowsiness. Given that we know that the claim that if sebum plays an important role in maintaining a normal flora, then antihistamines also cause drowsiness is false, it can be inferred that conditions affect plant growth. Once we know we know that the claim that if sebum plays an important role in maintaining a normal flora, then antihistamines also cause drowsiness is false, we also know that the claim that conditions affect plant growth does not reflect reality.
|
It is true that antihistamines also cause drowsiness.
|
Some antihistamines come in candy-flavored liquids.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or [2].
If [1], then [0]. [SC2-1]
If [2], then [0].
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [3].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [3].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Antihistamines also cause drowsiness.', 1: 'Sebum plays an important role in maintaining a normal flora.', 2: 'Histamine affects nearby nerves resulting in itching.', 3: 'Conditions affect plant growth.'}
| 2 |
1,035 |
['Provided that the statement, snakes undergo a process of molting through which they shed their skin on a regular basis, does not hold, we know that cartilage is also present at the joints , where it reduces friction and imparts flexibility.', 'Either young children learn to write much as they learned to talk or if the statement, snakes undergo a process of molting through which they shed their skin on a regular basis, does not hold, then we know that the claim that cartilage is also present at the joints , where it reduces friction and imparts flexibility is false.', "The statement 'young children learn to write much as they learned to talk' can be considered false."]
|
Provided that the statement, snakes undergo a process of molting through which they shed their skin on a regular basis, does not hold, we know that cartilage is also present at the joints , where it reduces friction and imparts flexibility. Either young children learn to write much as they learned to talk or if the statement, snakes undergo a process of molting through which they shed their skin on a regular basis, does not hold, then we know that the claim that cartilage is also present at the joints , where it reduces friction and imparts flexibility is false. The statement 'young children learn to write much as they learned to talk' can be considered false.
|
It is rational to agree that snakes undergo a process of molting through which they shed their skin on a regular basis.
|
It is rational to agree that snakes undergo a process of molting through which they shed their skin on a regular basis.
|
TRUE
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1].
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].). [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or (If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).).
Not [2].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].)..
|
{0: 'Snakes undergo a process of molting through which they shed their skin on a regular basis.', 1: 'Cartilage is also present at the joints , where it reduces friction and imparts flexibility.', 2: 'Young children learn to write much as they learned to talk.'}
| 2 |
1,081 |
["The statement 'light is what enfolds all the universe as well' can be considered true.", 'If the statement, if light is what enfolds all the universe as well, then neurogenic bladder can lead to different kinds of problems, does not hold, then petroleum products make up more than half of all exports.', "Provided that the statement, if light is what enfolds all the universe as well, then neurogenic bladder can lead to different kinds of problems, does not hold, we know that the statement 'petroleum products make up more than half of all exports' can be considered false."]
|
The statement 'light is what enfolds all the universe as well' can be considered true. If the statement, if light is what enfolds all the universe as well, then neurogenic bladder can lead to different kinds of problems, does not hold, then petroleum products make up more than half of all exports. Provided that the statement, if light is what enfolds all the universe as well, then neurogenic bladder can lead to different kinds of problems, does not hold, we know that the statement 'petroleum products make up more than half of all exports' can be considered false.
|
It is rational to agree that neurogenic bladder can lead to different kinds of problems.
|
A neurogenic bladder is disorder.
|
Uncertain
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0]. [SC1-1]
[1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then [2].
If (Not (If [1], then [0].).), then (Not [2].).
Therefore, If [1], then [0]..
|
{0: 'Neurogenic bladder can lead to different kinds of problems.', 1: 'Light is what enfolds all the universe as well.', 2: 'Petroleum products make up more than half of all exports.'}
| 2 |
1,159 |
["So long as either wireless communication is telecoms or most pollution threatens life, 'the statement 'if excessive gas can cause nausea, abdominal pain, sweating and belching, then sensory structures develop as they age' can be considered false' is true.", "So long as trumpet vines attract hummingbirds, 'the statement 'if excessive gas can cause nausea, abdominal pain, sweating and belching, then sensory structures develop as they age' can be considered false' is true.", 'At least one of two things is true: superior air is a high-level air mass found over the south central United States, or foods often hold healing powers more powerful than any drug.', 'One may reasonably assume that if superior air is a high-level air mass found over the south central United States, then either wireless communication is telecoms or most pollution threatens life.', 'If foods often hold healing powers more powerful than any drug, then trumpet vines attract hummingbirds.']
|
So long as either wireless communication is telecoms or most pollution threatens life, 'the statement 'if excessive gas can cause nausea, abdominal pain, sweating and belching, then sensory structures develop as they age' can be considered false' is true. So long as trumpet vines attract hummingbirds, 'the statement 'if excessive gas can cause nausea, abdominal pain, sweating and belching, then sensory structures develop as they age' can be considered false' is true. At least one of two things is true: superior air is a high-level air mass found over the south central United States, or foods often hold healing powers more powerful than any drug. One may reasonably assume that if superior air is a high-level air mass found over the south central United States, then either wireless communication is telecoms or most pollution threatens life. If foods often hold healing powers more powerful than any drug, then trumpet vines attract hummingbirds.
|
The statement 'if excessive gas can cause nausea, abdominal pain, sweating and belching, then sensory structures develop as they age' can be considered false.
|
It is not true that water passes through kidneys.
|
Uncertain
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]. [SC1-1]
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
If [4], then (Not (If [0], then [1].).).
Therefore, Not (If [0], then [1].)..
[SC1-1]
Constructive Dilemma:
Either [5] or [6].
If [5], then (Either [2] or [3].).
If [6], then [4].
Therefore, Either (Either [2] or [3].) or [4]..
|
{0: 'Excessive gas can cause nausea, abdominal pain, sweating and belching.', 1: 'Sensory structures develop as they age.', 2: 'Wireless communication is telecoms.', 3: 'Most pollution threatens life.', 4: 'Trumpet vines attract hummingbirds.', 5: 'Superior air is a high-level air mass found over the south central United States.', 6: 'Foods often hold healing powers more powerful than any drug.'}
| 2 |
1,333 |
['If it is a common misconception that biotechnology helps the environment, then we know that the claim that teaching is a human activity that involves the presented of both participants is false.', 'On the condition that it is a common misconception that biotechnology helps the environment, it is definitely the case that if biology offers an answer to the question of what is human, then observations suggest phenomena.', 'Should it be the case that if biology offers an answer to the question of what is human, then observations suggest phenomena, it follows that teaching is a human activity that involves the presented of both participants.']
|
If it is a common misconception that biotechnology helps the environment, then we know that the claim that teaching is a human activity that involves the presented of both participants is false. On the condition that it is a common misconception that biotechnology helps the environment, it is definitely the case that if biology offers an answer to the question of what is human, then observations suggest phenomena. Should it be the case that if biology offers an answer to the question of what is human, then observations suggest phenomena, it follows that teaching is a human activity that involves the presented of both participants.
|
It is rational to agree that biotechnology helps the environment.
|
Biotechnology is bad for human health.
|
Uncertain
|
Reductio Ad Absurdum:
If (Not [0].), then [1]. [SC1-1]
If (Not [0].), then (Not [1].).
Therefore, [0].
[SC1-1]
Hypothetical Syllogism:
If (Not [0].), then (If [2], then [3].).
If (If [2], then [3].), then [1].
Therefore, If (Not [0].), then [1]..
|
{0: 'Biotechnology helps the environment.', 1: 'Teaching is a human activity that involves the presented of both participants.', 2: 'Biology offers an answer to the question of what is human.', 3: 'Observations suggest phenomena.'}
| 2 |
1,837 |
["When some mushrooms are good to eat and are used as food, while others are very poisonous is true, it follows that the notion that 'bean aphid has a dull, mattelike appearance while cowpea aphid is shiny' is untrue.", "Assuming either tennis is a game played by all ages, offering fun as well as exercise or most rainfall combines with hot weather, we know that the notion that 'bean aphid has a dull, mattelike appearance while cowpea aphid is shiny' is untrue.", 'On the condition that fatty acids are hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid group at the end, it is definitely the case that either some mushrooms are good to eat and are used as food, while others are very poisonous or either tennis is a game played by all ages, offering fun as well as exercise or most rainfall combines with hot weather.', 'Many people rightly believe that fatty acids are hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid group at the end.']
|
When some mushrooms are good to eat and are used as food, while others are very poisonous is true, it follows that the notion that 'bean aphid has a dull, mattelike appearance while cowpea aphid is shiny' is untrue. Assuming either tennis is a game played by all ages, offering fun as well as exercise or most rainfall combines with hot weather, we know that the notion that 'bean aphid has a dull, mattelike appearance while cowpea aphid is shiny' is untrue. On the condition that fatty acids are hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid group at the end, it is definitely the case that either some mushrooms are good to eat and are used as food, while others are very poisonous or either tennis is a game played by all ages, offering fun as well as exercise or most rainfall combines with hot weather. Many people rightly believe that fatty acids are hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid group at the end.
|
The notion that 'bean aphid has a dull, mattelike appearance while cowpea aphid is shiny' is untrue.
|
It is reasonable to believe that bean aphid has a dull, mattelike appearance while cowpea aphid is shiny.
|
FALSE
|
Disjunction Elimination:
Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].). [SC1-1]
If [1], then (Not [0].).
If (Either [2] or [3].), then (Not [0].).
Therefore, Not [0]..
[SC1-1]
Modus Ponens:
If [4], then (Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].).).
[4]
Therefore, Either [1] or (Either [2] or [3].)..
|
{0: 'Bean aphid has a dull, mattelike appearance while cowpea aphid is shiny.', 1: 'Some mushrooms are good to eat and are used as food, while others are very poisonous.', 2: 'Tennis is a game played by all ages, offering fun as well as exercise.', 3: 'Most rainfall combines with hot weather.', 4: 'Fatty acids are hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid group at the end.'}
| 2 |
1,474 |
['Assuming family rooms are part of dwellings, we know that birds swallow beetles.', 'Either one or both of these statements are true: science assumes that nature is the same everywhere, and that it is understandable and predictable, or family rooms are part of dwellings.', 'The claim that science assumes that nature is the same everywhere, and that it is understandable and predictable does not reflect reality.']
|
Assuming family rooms are part of dwellings, we know that birds swallow beetles. Either one or both of these statements are true: science assumes that nature is the same everywhere, and that it is understandable and predictable, or family rooms are part of dwellings. The claim that science assumes that nature is the same everywhere, and that it is understandable and predictable does not reflect reality.
|
It is fair to say that birds swallow beetles.
|
It is fair to say that birds swallow beetles.
|
TRUE
|
Modus Ponens:
If [1], then [0].
[1] [SC2-1]
Therefore, [0].
[SC2-1]
Disjunctive Syllogism:
Either [2] or [1].
Not [2].
Therefore, [1].
|
{0: 'Birds swallow beetles.', 1: 'Family rooms are part of dwellings.', 2: 'Science assumes that nature is the same everywhere, and that it is understandable and predictable.'}
| 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.