id
stringlengths 15
4.64k
| text
stringlengths 0
1.02M
|
|---|---|
http://web.archive.org/web/20171005005346id_/http://www2.le.ac.uk:80/offices/ld/resources/numerical-data/pie-charts_p4
|
Come to a workshop Find a resource Study and exams Academic writing Dissertations Numerical data Mathematics Support Wiki Pie charts Presentations Working with IT Finding information Referencing sources English for academic work Departmental resources Study spaces Make an appointment Mathematics Help Centre Get involved Personal Development Planning (PDP) Contact us Study skills consultations You can make an appointment to come and see us about any study-related queries you have Contact us Email: studyhelp (if you are a University of Leicester student please use your university e-mail address) Keep in touch via: Take our essay writing tour Workshops coming up Introduction to OSCOLA referencing for law Oct 25, 2017 ESSAYS IN FOCUS: What is critical analysis and how do I apply it? Nov 06, 2017 How to do Harvard referencing Nov 06, 2017 ESSAYS IN FOCUS: Finding your academic voice Nov 07, 2017 More… Follow the University on Follow us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter Follow us on YouTube Follow us on Flickr Follow us on Linkedin Follow us on Google+ Follow us on SoundCloud Staff Current Students Library Blackboard Remote Access Contact the University Legal Privacy & Cookies Accessibility Help Back to top Current Students Staff Remote Access Contact the University Legal Privacy & Cookies Accessibility Help <li><a title="Log Out" href="http://webdev1.cc.le.ac.uk:51080/uol/logout">Log Out</a></li></ul> Google Tag Manager End Google Tag Manager Google Tag Manager (noscript)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20171005005346id_/http://www2.le.ac.uk:80/offices/ld/resources/numerical-data/pie-charts_p5
|
End Google Tag Manager (noscript) Search Site only in current section Advanced Search…
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p0
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy - Wikipedia CentralNotice My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search 2010 studio album by Kanye West My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Studio album by Kanye West Released November 22, 2010 ( 2010-11-22 ) Recorded 2009–2010 Studio Avex (Honolulu, Hawaii) Electric Lady (New York City, New York) Glenwood Place ( Burbank, California ) Platinum Sound (New York City, New York) Genre Hip hop Length 68 : 36 Label Def Jam Roc-A-Fella Producer Gee Roberson ( exec. ) Jay-Z ( exec. ) Kanye West (also exec. ) Kyambo "Hip Hop" Joshua ( exec. ) L.A. Reid ( exec. ) Andrew Dawson Bink DJ Frank E Emile Jeff Bhasker Lex Luger Mike Caren Mike Dean No I.D. Plain Pat RZA S1 Kanye West chronology VH1 Storytellers (2010) My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010) Watch the Throne (2011) Alternate cover Physical release sold in retail stores. Singles from My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy " Power " Released: July 1, 2010 " Runaway " Released: October 4, 2010 " Monster " Released: October 23, 2010 " All of the Lights " Released: January 18, 2011 My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy is the fifth studio album by American rapper and producer Kanye West . It was released on November 22, 2010, through Def Jam Recordings and Roc-A-Fella Records . Following a period of public and legal controversy, West retreated to a self-imposed exile in Hawaii in 2009. There, he worked on the album in a communal recording environment involving numerous contributing musicians and producers. The recording sessions featured guest appearances from: Bon Iver , Jay-Z , Pusha T , Rick Ross , Kid Cudi , Nicki Minaj , John Legend , and Raekwon , among others.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p1
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was produced mainly by West, along with a variety of high-profile producers such as: Mike Dean , No I.D. , Jeff Bhasker , RZA , S1 , Bink , and DJ Frank E . Music journalists have noted the album features a maximalist aesthetic and opulent production quality with elements of West's previous works, including soul , baroque , electro , and symphonic styles, as well as progressive rock influences. Thematically, the content explores West's status as a celebrity, consumer culture , race , and the idealism of the American Dream . To help market My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy , West released free songs through his GOOD Fridays weekly free music release series and four singles—the Billboard hits " Power ", " Runaway ", and " Monster ", and the international hit " All of the Lights ". West promoted the album with music festival performances and a short film set to the album's music, Runaway . My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and eventually sold over 1.3 million copies in the United States. The album was an immediate and widespread critical success, with music critics directing general praise towards the maximalist sound. It was named the best of 2010 in many publications' critics polls, including the Pazz & Jop , and later ranked by several professionally curated lists as among the greatest albums of all time.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p2
|
Contents 1 Background 2 Recording and production 3 Musical style 4 Themes 5 Songs 6 Title and packaging 7 Release and promotion 7.1 Singles 8 Critical reception 8.1 Accolades 9 Industry awards 9.1 Grammys 10 Track listing 11 Personnel 11.1 Musicians 11.2 Production 11.3 Design 12 Charts 12.1 Weekly charts 12.2 Year-end charts 13 Certifications 14 Release history 15 See also 16 References 17 External links Background [ edit ] The album was conceived during West's self-imposed exile in Oahu, Hawaii , following a period of legal and public image controversy. [1] He said later that fatigue from overworking led to his controversial outburst after Taylor Swift was awarded Best Female Video at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards . He was disgusted with the ensuing media response, which led to a hiatus from recording. [1] Amid the widespread negative response to his behavior, [2] his scheduled tour with recording artist Lady Gaga to promote his previous album, 808s & Heartbreak , was cancelled on October 1, 2009, without explanation. [3] Recording and production [ edit ] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was recorded in sessions at Avex Recording Studio in Honolulu , Hawaii. Additional recording took place at Glenwood Place Studios in Burbank, California, and at Electric Lady Studios and Platinum Sound Recording Studios in New York City. [4] It was reported that West spent over $3 million provided by his record label Def Jam to record the album, [5] making it one of the most expensive albums ever made. [6] [7] He later explained the initial recording process to Noah Callahan-Bever, Complex editor-in-chief and West's then-confidant, who said "he'd holed up in Hawaii and was importing his favorite producers and artists to work on and inspire his recording. Rap Camp!" [1] Artists who were reported to have participated in the sessions for My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy included: Raekwon , RZA , Pusha T , Rick Ross , Charlie Wilson , Big Sean , Cyhi the Prynce , Swizz Beatz , [8] Dwele , Nicki Minaj , [9] T.I. , [10] [11] Drake , Common , Jay-Z , [12] John Legend , Fergie , Rihanna , The-Dream , Ryan Leslie , Elton John , [13] M.I.A. , [14] Justin Vernon , Seal , Beyoncé , [15] Kid Cudi , Mos Def , Santigold , Alicia Keys and Elly Jackson . [16] Record producers who participated in the sessions with West included: Q-Tip , RZA, DJ Premier , [17] Madlib , [18] Statik Selektah , [19] and Pete Rock . [20] [21] Madlib said he made five beats for the album, [18] while DJ Premier said his beats were ultimately discarded. [21]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p3
|
Nicki Minaj (left) and Kid Cudi (right) each performed vocals for multiple tracks on the album. West, who had previously recorded 808s & Heartbreak at Avex, block-booked the studio's three session rooms simultaneously for 24 hours a day to work on My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy . [1] According to Callahan-Bever, who visited West during the recording sessions, "when he hits a creative wall ... he heads to another studio room to make progress on another song". [1] West never slept a full night at the "glass-enclosed mansion" he had rented, opting instead to take power naps in a studio chair or couch 90 minutes at a time. Engineers worked around the clock, as West bounced from room to room. This assiduous work ethic led to him employing two private chefs, one for hot and one for cold food. [22] Before recording in the afternoon, West and most of his crew played games of 21 against locals at the Honolulu YMCA for leisure. [1] Kid Cudi smoked marijuana in preparation and worked out on a treadmill, while RZA worked out in the weight room . [1] [23] West held breakfast each morning at his Diamond Head residence for his crew. [1] Throughout the album's development, West solicited other producers and musicians to weigh in on its music with conversations and contributions at the studio. [1] Observing discussions among them during his visit, Callahan-Bever noted: "Despite the heavyweights assembled, the egos rarely clash; talks are sprawling, enlightening, and productive ... we are here to contribute, challenge, and inspire". [1] In an interview with Callahan-Bever, Q-Tip described the process as "music by committee" and elaborated on its significance to the sessions and West's work ethic: He'll go, 'Check this out, tell me what you think.' Which speaks volumes about who he is and how he sees and views people. Every person has a voice and an idea, so he's sincerely looking to hear what you have to say—good, bad, or whatever ... When he has his beats or his rhymes, he offers them to the committee and we're all invited to dissect, strip, or add on to what he's already started. By the end of the sessions, you see how he integrates and transforms everyone's contributions, so the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. He's a real wizard at it. What he does is alchemy, really. [1]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p4
|
Pete Rock said of his studio experience with West, "He's definitely hip-hop, his roots, I was testing him on joints ... He takes it to another level which is dope. He had these musicians and this song, they played around my little raggedy beat and made it real. I love the way he works – he goes from one room, writing rhymes then goes to another beat and goes to another room and does something else – I love what he's done". [24] Rapper Pusha T characterized the album as "a collage of sounds" and found West's recording methods unorthodox, saying that: "We could easily be working on one song, thinking we're in a mode, and he'll hear a sound from someone like [producer] Jeff Bhasker and immediately turn his whole attention to that sound and go through his mental Rolodex to where that sound belongs on his album, and then it goes straight to that song, immediately". [1] DJ Premier said of the production in comparison to West's previous work, "Well, first of all, if you look at all of Kanye West's output, he actually did a lot to bring back sampling and make it cool again, even though he's more of a mainstream artist ... but his new album is strictly hard beats and rhyme. He's totally done with electro. You're gonna be surprised what you hear". [25]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p5
|
To prevent any of the material leaking onto the Internet, West made the album's recording as secretive as he could; he instituted a "No tweeting, no talking, no e-mailing" rule for others at the sessions. [1] Pusha T recalled West's attitude in an interview for Rolling Stone , saying that "then there happened to be a leak, and I remember Kanye ranting and raving, like, 'Fuck this! We're not going to ever work there again! We're going to work in hotel rooms!'" [26] West subsequently recorded in hotel rooms for Watch the Throne , his 2011 album with Jay-Z. [27] Musical style [ edit ] Various writers have noted that My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy ' s music incorporates elements from West's previous four albums. [28] [29] [30] Entertainment Weekly ' s Simon Vozick-Levinson perceives these elements "recur at various points", and include "the luxurious soul of 2004's The College Dropout , the symphonic pomp of Late Registration , the gloss of 2007's Graduation , and the emotionally exhausted electro of 2008's 808s & Heartbreak ". [29] Sean Fennessey of The Village Voice writes that West "absorb[ed] the gifts of his handpicked collaborators, and occasionally elevat[ed] them" on previous studio albums, noting collaborators and elements as Jon Brion for Late Registration ("arranging orchestral majesty"), DJ Toomp for Graduation ("adapted DJ Toomp's oozing menace"), and Kid Cudi for 808s & Heartbreak ("Cudi's moaning melodies became elemental"). [31]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p6
|
The music was described as maximalist by Jon Caramanica of The New York Times , who also took note of East Coast hip hop elements. [32] Ryan Dombal of Pitchfork deemed it the "culmination" of West's past work: "Musically, [the album] largely continues where 2007's Graduation left off in its maximalist hip-hop bent, with flashes of The College Dropout ' s comfort-food sampling and Late Registration ' s baroque instrumentation weaved in seamlessly". [30] AllMusic 's Andy Kellman views it as the "culmination" of those albums, while noting "it does not merely draw characteristics from each one of them. The 13 tracks ... sometimes fuse them together simultaneously. Consequently, the sonic and emotional layers are often difficult to pry apart and enumerate". [28] Kellman feels " All of the Lights " denotes the album's "contrasting elements and maniacal extravagance". [28] Conversely, Robert Christgau of MSN Music comments that the music eschews the "grace" of The College Dropout and Late Registration in favor of "grandiosity" and "the sonic luxuries of this world-beating return to form". [33] In an analysis for Noisey , Phil Witmer regarded the album as "an unprecedented retreat by a hip-hop artist into the weird world" of 1970s progressive rock . [34] Themes [ edit ] [West is] the pop star for our morally implicated times; an instinctive consumer with a mouthful of diamonds and furtive bad conscience, a performer who lives the American Dream to its fullest with a creeping sense of the spiritual void at its heart. My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy captures that essence in full. It's an utterly dazzling portrait of a 21st-century schizoid man that is by turns sickeningly egocentric, contrite, wise, stupid and self-mocking.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p7
|
—Alex Denney, NME [35] The album's themes deal primarily with excess and celebrity, [30] [36] [37] and touch on decadence, grandiosity, escapism , sex, wealth, romance, self-aggrandizement, and self-doubt. [30] [33] [38] [39] [40] [41] Andrew Martin of Prefix Magazine notes the album's ethos as "more is more", describing it as "a meditation on fame" where West decries the burden that it entails. [36] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy also features more open references to drinking and drug use than on West's previous albums. [31] Nathan Rabin of The A.V. Club describes it as "darkly funny, boldly introspective, and characteristically fame-obsessed", noting "manic highs and depressive lows emotionally" on the album. [42] Christgau finds the album's themes of insecurity and uncertainty to be West's "heart, his message, the reason he's so major", noting the tracks " Hell of a Life " and "Runaway" as examples. [33] Greg Kot , writing in the Chicago Tribune , said West displays a transparency and "almost pathological allegiance to expressing his emotions, unfiltered". [43] In the opinion of Pitchfork ' s Ryan Dombal, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy is "a hedonistic exploration into a rich and famous American id ". [30] Chris Martins of Spin says it is an alternately grandiose and eloquent production that "owed as much to the artist's self-aggrandizing ego as to the voracious id that would destroy it publicly". [41] Music writer Ann Powers interprets the predominant theme on My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy to be "the crisis of the jet-lagged cosmopolitan ... the exhausted cry of one who's always new in town, chasing whatever goal or girl is in the room, fueled by consumer culture 's relentless buzz, but finally left unsatisfied". [38] Powers views the songs work "as pornographic boasts, romantic disaster stories, devil-haunted dark nights of the soul" and perceives West's "uncertainty about his own place in the world" to be connected to the subject of race , stating: "The rootlessness West celebrates and despairs of on Fantasy belongs to someone who feels unwelcome everywhere. This isn't just a personal problem. It's the curse of what the author Michael Eric Dyson has called 'the exceptional black man', embraced for his talents but singled out for the color of his skin". [38]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p8
|
Songs [ edit ] "Dark Fantasy" The album opener uses musical elements from West's previous albums and decadent, hedonistic themes. [43] Problems playing this file? See media help . The album begins with " Dark Fantasy ", opened by Nicki Minaj narrating in an English accent a retelling of Roald Dahl 's poem Cinderella . [38] The song introduces themes of decadence and hedonism, [43] with West musing how "the plan was to drink until the pain was over / But what's worse, the pain or the hangover?". [35] The track's lyrics contain musical and popular culture references, including: the song " Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology) ", the Lamborghini Murciélago sports car, rapper Nas , fashion designer Phoebe Philo , the short story " The Legend of Sleepy Hollow ", the song " Sex on Fire ", singer Leona Lewis , and television character Steve Urkel . [44] "All of the Lights" incorporates drum 'n' bass breaks and brass fanfare. [35] [45] West's lyrics contain a reference to the death of Michael Jackson in the opening lines and present the narrative of a character who abuses his lover, does prison time, scuffles with her new boyfriend, and subsequently mourns his absence from his child's life. [45] West enlisted 11 guest vocalists, including Alicia Keys, John Legend, Elton John, Tony Williams, Elly Jackson for the song; Rihanna sings the song's hook . [46] In an interview with MTV, Jackson said of the song's vocal layering, "He got me to layer up all these vocals with other people, and he just basically wanted to use his favorite vocalists from around the world to create this really unique vocal texture on his record, but it's not the kind of thing where you can pick it out". [47]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p9
|
"Devil in a New Dress" The track has lyrics about lust and heartache, rendered with sexual and religious imagery. [40] Problems playing this file? See media help . " Devil in a New Dress " is built on a sample of Smokey Robinson 's " Will You Love Me Tomorrow ". [40] Its lyrics are about lust and heartache, [40] with sexual and religious imagery described by one critic as "part bedroom allure, part angelic prayer". [48] It is the only track without production by West [4] but features his characteristic style of manipulating the pitch and tempo of classic soul samples. [40] [49] " Runaway " features a piano-based motif comprising a series of sustained descending half and whole notes , [50] with a coda that incorporates light strings and vocoder -singing by West. [40] The narrator's self-critical lyrics reflect on his personality and character flaws. [51] [52] Sean Fennessey cites the song as the point in the album where "self-laceration overtakes chest-beating", noting West's sung-line: "I'm so gifted at finding what I don't like the most". [31] Inspired by his two-year relationship with model Amber Rose , "Hell of a Life" contains a psychedelic rock sample and a narrative about marrying a porn star. [30] [31] According to critic Ryan Dombal, the song "attempts to bend its central credo —'no more drugs for me, pussy and religion is all I need'—into a noble pursuit ... The song blurs the line between fantasy and reality, sex and romance, love and religion, until no lines exist at all. It's a zonked nirvana with demons underneath; a fragile state that can't help but break apart on the very next song". [30] " Blame Game " is a low-key track about a painful domestic dispute. [53] It features a sample of the piano composition " Avril 14th " by Richard D. James , [54] additional vocals by John Legend, [4] and a profane skit by comedian Chris Rock . [55]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p10
|
" Lost in the World " features tribal drums and samples Bon Iver 's "Woods", [56] a song originally written about alienation, applied by West "as the centerpiece of a catchy, communal reverie." [40] It features several musical changes, beginning with Bon Iver frontman Justin Vernon's faint vocals, followed by 4/4 drums, gospel -styled chorus, [57] and increased tempo, and a final measured tempo. [58] "Lost in the World" transitions into the closing track " Who Will Survive in America ". [39] It serves as the album's coda and is built on a sample of Gil Scott-Heron 's "Comment No. 1", [35] a blunt, surrealist piece delivered by Scott-Heron in spoken word about the African-American experience and the fated idealism of the American dream. [38] [41] [50] Scott-Heron's original speech, which criticized the 1960s Revolutionary Youth Movement for failing to recognize the more basic needs of the African-American community, is edited to a reduced version on the track that, according to music writer Greg Kot, "retains its essence, that of an African-American male who feels cut off from his country and culture". [43] By contrast, Sean Fennessey interprets it as "a too-serious denouement for an album that is more about the self's little nightmares than some aching societal rejection". [31] Title and packaging [ edit ] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was formerly known as Good Ass Job and then tentatively titled Dark Twisted Fantasy . [59] [60] [61] GOOD Music artist Big Sean was the second person to announce the album's title was Good Ass Job . [62] On July 24, 2010, a banner appeared on Kanye West's blog that read "My Dark Twisted Fantasy Trailer". On July 28, 2010, West announced on his new official Twitter account that: "The album is no longer called 'Good Ass Job' I'm bouncing a couple of titles around now." [63] The official title, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy , was announced on October 5, 2010; [64] the title Good Ass Job will be used for West's upcoming collaborative album with Chance the Rapper . [65]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p11
|
On October 17, 2010, Kanye West revealed through Twitter that My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy had been rejected by certain stores because of the cover art. [66] [67] The artwork, by George Condo , shows West being straddled by an armless winged female (a phoenix ). [68] Both are nude, and one of the phoenix's nipples and her buttocks are visible. Condo said that Kanye wanted a cover image that would be banned. [69] The painting is centered with a thin yellow border on a red background. The artwork follows along the apparent theme of the album, as well as West's music film Runaway . [70] This is one of five covers; all of them were included with its purchase. [68] A second cover, with a painting of a ballerina by Condo, was posted on the Amazon.com pre-order page. [71] It was intended to be the original artwork for Runaway , but West used a photograph of a ballerina instead. [71] George Condo and Kanye West met for several hours and listened to tapes of his music. Over the next few days Condo made eight or nine paintings for the album. Two of them were portraits of West, one in extreme closeup, with mismatched eyes and four sets of teeth. Another showed his head, crowned and decapitated, placed sideways on a white slab, impaled by a sword. There was also a painting of a dyspeptic ballerina in a black tutu, a painting of the crown and the sword by themselves in a grassy landscape, and a scene of a naked West on a bed, straddled by a naked white female creature with fearsome features, wings, no arms, and a long, spotted tail which was used as the original album cover. [69] According to New York magazine, a new painting for the album, The Priest was completed by Condo, who described it as an attempt to bring depictions of religious figures into the modern world. [72] In 2015 Billboard named it the 30th best album cover of all time. [73] Elsewhere in 2017, NME listed it as the seventh best album artwork of the 21st Century so far. [74]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p12
|
Release and promotion [ edit ] West performing at the SWU Music & Arts Festival in Brazil, 2011. On October 4, 2010, the release date was announced as November 22, 2010. [64] [75] Before its release, West initiated the free music program GOOD Fridays through his website on August 20, 2010, offering a free download of previously unreleased songs each Friday; some were included on the album. [76] [77] Titled after his imprint label GOOD Music, the program generated considerable publicity in the months leading up to the album's release. [76] Online marketing coordinator Karen Civil said of the program in retrospect, "It's a genius idea. He did something no one had ever done before, and at a point when he was the most hated person in music, he brought excitement back with his Friday releases". [76] G.O.O.D. Fridays was originally intended to continue through December, but West extended it through January 2011. [78] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was released for digital download on Amazon at a list price of $3.99. [79] This coincided with the site's $3 discount promotional offer on MP3 purchases made valid through the release week. [80] [81] In its first week of release, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart and sold 496,000 copies in the United States. [82] This stood as West's fourth consecutive US number-one album, and the debut week was the fourth-best sales week of 2010. [82] The album's first-week digital sales of 224,000 units was the fourth-highest sales week for a digitally-downloaded album. [83] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy spent 85 weeks on the Billboard 200, [84] and by July 2013, had sold 1,351,000 copies in the US, according to Nielsen SoundScan . [85]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p13
|
Following the release of the album, West performed headlining sets at several large festivals, including SXSW 2011, Lollapalooza , [86] Austin City Limits , [87] and Coachella 2011 ; the latter was described by The Hollywood Reporter as "one of the great hip-hop sets of all time." [88] To further promote the album, West performed at Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade . [89] [90] Singles [ edit ] On May 28, 2010, an unfinished version of a possible first single titled " Power " was leaked on the Internet. It features additional vocals by Dwele and was co-produced by West and S1 . [4] [91] The single was officially released on iTunes Store for digital download on July 1, 2010. [92] The official remix, featuring Jay-Z and Swizz Beatz, was premiered on August 20, 2010, on Hot 97 by DJ Kay Slay . [93] The single spent eight weeks and peaked at number 22 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. [94] The song was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap Solo Performance , presented at the 53rd Grammy Awards in 2011. [95] On September 12, 2010, West performed the second single "Runaway" at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards . [96] Three weeks later, on October 2, 2010, West performed the song on Saturday Night Live , along with "Power". [97] "Runaway" was officially released to the iTunes Store on October 4. [64] [98] It spent 12 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 12 on the chart. [94] Rolling Stone named it the best single of 2010 on its year-end list. [99] A 35-minute short film of the same name , directed by West containing the song's official music video, was released on October 23. [100] Filmed in Prague over a period of four days during Summer 2010, [101] the film stars West and model Selita Ebanks and features a script written by Hype Williams with the story written by West. [102] West described the video as an "overall representation of what [he dreams]" and a parallel to his music career. [101] [103] At one of his screenings in Paris, the film seemed to represent a lot emotionally for him as he broke down in tears. Later after another screening, West said his music and "art" and how it affects people is the reason he continues to create music. [104]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p14
|
The third single " Monster " was sent to radio on September 21, 2010, [105] and was released to the iTunes Store on October 23, 2010. [106] The song was originally released on August 27, 2010, as part of West's music program G.O.O.D. Friday. [107] It spent five weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 18 on the chart. [94] Rolling Stone ranked it number 10 on its list of the Best Singles of 2010. [99] The song was performed at Jay-Z's and Eminem 's The Home & Home Tour on September 14, 2010, along with Nicki Minaj. [108] In October, West announced "All of the Lights" as the fourth official single. [109] Prior to its release as a single, it had debuted at number 92 on the Billboard Hot 100 upon the album's release. [110] The track "Dark Fantasy" entered the chart at number 60 the same week. [111] The single was released on January 18, 2011, in the US and on February 21, 2011, in the UK. [112] [113] It reached number 18 and spent eight weeks on the Billboard Hot 100. [114] By December 2011, it had sold over 1.5 million digital units in the US. [115] "All of the Lights" also charted well worldwide, [116] including: number eight in Brazil, [117] number 15 in the United Kingdom, [118] number 13 in Ireland, [119] number 14 in Scotland, [120] and number 22 in South Korea. [121] It was certified platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association , for shipments of 70,000 copies in Australia, [122] gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand , for shipments of 7,500 in New Zealand, [123] and platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America , for shipments of one million in the US. [124]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p15
|
Critical reception [ edit ] Professional ratings Aggregate scores Source Rating AnyDecentMusic? 8.8/10 [125] Metacritic 94/100 [126] Review scores Source Rating AllMusic [28] Entertainment Weekly A [29] The Guardian [127] The Independent [128] MSN Music ( Expert Witness ) A [33] NME 9/10 [35] Pitchfork 10/10 [30] Rolling Stone [129] Spin 9/10 [41] USA Today [130] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was met with widespread critical acclaim. At Metacritic , which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 94, based on 45 reviews. [126] Aggregator AnyDecentMusic? gave My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy 8.8 out of 10, based on their assessment of the critical consensus. [125] In a rave review of the album, Andy Gill of The Independent hailed it as "one of pop's gaudiest, most grandiose efforts of recent years, a no-holds-barred musical extravaganza in which any notion of good taste is abandoned at the door". [128] Ann Powers, writing for the Los Angeles Times , found the music " Picasso -like, fulfilling the Cubist mandate of rearranging form, texture, color and space to suggest new ways of viewing things". [38] It was also called West's most lavish record in a review by Time magazine's David Browne , who said it proved again that few other artists shared his ability to adeptly combine diverse elements. [131] Dan Vidal of URB highlighted the rapper's ability to bring the best out of his collaborators, finding it comparable to the work of Miles Davis . [132] In Rolling Stone , Rob Sheffield called the album West's best and most wildly inspired record to date, claiming that no other artist was recording music as dark or uncanny, [129] while Sputnikmusic critic Channing Freeman regarded it as "the first album in which he's truly lived up to his potential in every way – as a rapper, as a lyricist, as a songwriter". [133] The Village Voice ' s Sean Fennessey found it overwhelming and skillfully produced because of the way each song transitions over "like some long night out into the hazy morning after". [31]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p16
|
In a less enthusiastic review for The Guardian , Kitty Empire was critical of West's lyrics calling women "ruthless money-grabbers" on an otherwise "herculean" and "flawed near-masterpiece". [127] AllMusic's Andy Kellman found his rapping inconsistent on what was nonetheless "a deeply fascinating accomplishment" in West's catalogue: "As fatiguing as it is invigorating, as cold-blooded as it is heart-rending, as haphazardly splattered as it is meticulously sculpted, [the album] is an extraordinarily complex 70-minute set of songs ... As the ego and ambition swells, so does the appeal, the repulsiveness, and – most importantly – the ingenuity". [28] Accolades [ edit ] Review aggregate site Metacritic called My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy "the runaway consensus pick of music critics for the best album of 2010". [134] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy appeared on numerous year-end top albums lists. [135] Many critics named it the best album of 2010, [135] including Billboard , [136] Time , [137] Slant Magazine , [138] Pitchfork , [139] Rolling Stone , [140] and Spin . [141] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was voted best album in The Village Voice ' s Pazz & Jop critics' poll for 2010, [142] winning by the largest margin in the poll's history. [143] The singles "Power", "Runaway", and "Monster" were voted in the top-10 of the Pazz & Jop's singles list. [143] Metacritic, which collates reviews of music albums, named it the best-reviewed album of 2010. [134]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p17
|
According to Acclaimed Music , My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy is the 62nd most critically acclaimed album in history, [144] the second-highest ranking for any hip hop album. [145] In 2012, Complex included it on their list of 25 Rap Albums From the Past Decade That Deserve Classic Status. [146] In October 2013, Complex named it the best hip hop album of the last five years. [147] The album was also included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die . [148] In August 2014, the song "Runaway" was ranked in third position on Pitchfork ' s list of the 200 "best tracks" released since 2010. [149] During the same week, the publication named it the best album of the 2010s decade—between 2010 and 2014—commenting, "West broke the ground upon which the new decade's most brilliant architects built their masterworks; Bon Iver , Take Care , Channel Orange , and Good Kid, M.A.A.D City don't exist without the blueprint of My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy . The list ends here because it's where the decade truly begins." [150] Publication Country Accolade Year Rank Reference Billboard United States The 20 Best Albums of the 2010s (So Far) 2015 1 [151] BPM The 130 Best Albums of the Last Five Years 2013 1 [152] Complex The 100 Best Albums of the Complex Decade (2002–2012)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p18
|
2012 7 [153] Entertainment Weekly The Greatest Albums of all Time 2016 8 [154] GQ The 21 Albums from the 21st Century Every Man Should Hear 2014 1 [155] Odyssey The 30 Best Albums of the Decade (So Far) 2016 1 [156] Pitchfork The 100 Best Albums of the Decade So Far (2010–2014) 2014 1 [157] Rolling Stone The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time 2012 353 [158] Spin The 300 Best Albums of the Past 30 Years (1985–2014) 2015 8 [159] Vibe The Greatest 50 Albums Since '93 2013 6 [160] Clash United Kingdom The Top 100 Albums of Clash's Lifetime (2004–2014) 2015 1 [161] The Guardian The 100 Best Albums of the 21st Century 2019 3 [162] NME The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time 2013 21 [163] The 25 Best Albums of the Decade (So Far) 2014 2 [164] The Quietus The Top 100 Albums of the Quietus' Existence (2008–2018) 2018 12 [165] Industry awards [ edit ] At the 2011 BET Hip Hop Awards , My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was awarded CD of the Year. [166] The album earned a nomination for Top Rap Album at the 2011 Billboard Music Awards , ultimately losing to Recovery by Eminem. [167] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy won the awards of both Album of the Year and Reader's Choice: Best Album at the 2010 HipHopDX Awards . [168] At the 2011 NAACP Image Awards , the album was nominated for Outstanding Album . [169]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p19
|
Grammys [ edit ] My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy won a Grammy Award for Best Rap Album , presented at the 54th Grammy Awards in 2012. [170] The song "All of the Lights" was nominated for Grammy Awards for Song of the Year , Best Rap Song , and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration , winning in the latter two categories. [170] However, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy was not nominated for Album of the Year , which was viewed as a "snub" by several outlets, along with the rejection of Watch the Throne , West's collaborative album with Jay-Z, for that category. [171] [172] [173] [174] In an article for Time , music journalist Touré elaborated on the album's acclaim, called West's nominations in minor categories "booby prizes", and stated, " MBDTF is by far the best reviewed album in many years: the critical community flipped out over it like nothing since Radiohead ’s zenith. And it sold well, over 1.2 million so far. So what happened? How is it Grammy overlooked Kanye's magnum opus and gave noms to four sonic widgets and Adele 's 21 ?" [175] He explored possible reasons for The Recording Academy to snub West, including split votes between My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy and Watch the Throne , concerns over West's past controversies, and more commercially appealing nominees, but ultimately stated:
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p20
|
What I think may be going on is a lack of respect for hip hop and its complexity from people who care about music but don't know much about hip hop ... Predictably, Grammy tends toward pop-friendly hip hop that's easily understood by those who don't understand hip hop. Pop in this regard is not meant as an insult, it's merely music palatable to non-aficionados of the genre ... But now that he's released his most mature work, [West is] being ignored. [175] In the Los Angeles Times , music journalist Randall Roberts was critical of the nominations for the 54th Grammy Awards, particularly for the Album of the Year category, noting the exclusion of My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy , "the most critically acclaimed album of the year, a career-defining record", as a snub in favor of nominating less substantial albums. [176] West, who was vocal in his displeasure with past award snubs, [173] responded onstage during a concert on the Watch the Throne Tour , saying: "That's my fault for dropping Watch the Throne and Dark Fantasy the same year. I should've just spaced it out, just a little bit more." [174] Track listing [ edit ] No. Title Writer(s) Producer(s) Length 1. " Dark Fantasy " Kanye West Robert Diggs Ernest Wilson Jeff Bhasker Mike Dean Malik Jones Jon Anderson Mike Oldfield RZA West No I.D. Bhasker [b] M. Dean [b] 4:40 2. " Gorgeous " (featuring Kid Cudi and Raekwon ) West Wilson M. Dean Jones Che Smith Corey Woods Scott Mescudi Gene Clark Roger McGuinn West No I.D. M. Dean 5:57 3. " Power " West Larry Griffin, Jr. M. Dean Bhasker Andwele Gardner Ken Lewis Francois Bernheim Jean-Pierre Lang Boris Bergman Robert Fripp Michael Giles Greg Lake Ian McDonald Peter Sinfield S1 West Bhasker [b] M. Dean [b] Andrew Dawson [b] 4:52 4. "All of the Lights (Interlude)" West Bhasker Jones Warren Trotter Stacy Ferguson West M. Dean 1:02 5. " All of the Lights " West Bhasker Jones Trotter Ferguson West Bhasker [a] 4:59 6. " Monster " (featuring Jay-Z , Rick Ross , Nicki Minaj and Bon Iver ) West Shawn Carter Patrick Reynolds M. Dean William Roberts II Onika Maraj Justin Vernon Bhasker West M. Dean [b] Plain Pat [b] 6:18 7. " So Appalled " (featuring Swizz Beatz , Jay-Z, Pusha T , Cyhi the Prynce and RZA ) West Wilson M. Dean Carter Terrence Thornton Cydel Young Kaseem Dean Diggs Manfred Mann West No I.D. M. Dean [a] 6:38 8. " Devil in a New Dress " (featuring Rick Ross) West Roosevelt Harrell M. Dean Roberts II Jones Carole King Gerry Goffin Bink M. Dean [b] 5:52 9. " Runaway " (featuring Pusha T) West Emile Haynie Thornton Bhasker M. Dean Jones John Branch West Emile [a] Bhasker [a] M. Dean [a] 9:08 10. " Hell of a Life " West Mike Caren Wilson M. Dean Sylvester Stewart Tony Joe White Terence Butler Anthony Iommi John Osbourne William Ward West Caren [a] No I.D. [a] M. Dean [a] 5:27 11. " Blame Game " (featuring John Legend ) West Justin Franks Chloe Mitchell M. Dean John Stephens Richard James West DJ Frank E M. Dean [b] 7:49 12. " Lost in the World " (featuring Bon Iver) West Bhasker Manu Dibango Vernon Gil Scott-Heron West Bhasker [a] 4:16 13. " Who Will Survive in America " West Bhasker Scott-Heron West Bhasker [a] 1:38 Total length: 1:08:36
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p21
|
iTunes Store bonus track No. Title Writer(s) Producer(s) Length 14. " See Me Now " (featuring Beyoncé , Charlie Wilson and Big Sean ) West Sean Anderson Beyoncé Knowles Charles Wilson West No I.D. Lex Luger 6:03 Total length: 1:14:39 Deluxe edition bonus DVD No. Title Writer(s) Director(s) Length 1. " Runaway " (short film) Hype Williams West 35:00 Track notes ^a signifies a co-producer ^b signifies an additional producer "Dark Fantasy" features background vocals by Nicki Minaj and Justin Vernon of Bon Iver , and additional vocals by Teyana Taylor and Amber Rose "Gorgeous" features background vocals by Tony Williams "Power" features additional vocals by Dwele "All of the Lights" features additional vocals by Rihanna , Kid Cudi , Tony Williams, The-Dream , Charlie Wilson , John Legend , Elly Jackson of La Roux , Alicia Keys , Elton John , Fergie , Ryan Leslie , Drake , Alvin Fields and Ken Lewis "Runaway" features background vocals by Tony Williams and additional vocals by The-Dream "Hell of a Life" features additional vocals by Teyana Taylor and The-Dream "Blame Game" features additional vocals by Chris Rock and Salma Kenas "Lost in the World" and "Who Will Survive in America" feature additional vocals by Charlie Wilson, Kay Fox, Tony Williams, Alicia Keys and Elly Jackson of La Roux Sample credits "Dark Fantasy" contains samples of " In High Places ", written by Mike Oldfield and Jon Anderson , and performed by Oldfield.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p22
|
"Gorgeous" contains portions and elements of the composition " You Showed Me ", written by Gene Clark and Roger McGuinn , and performed by The Turtles . "Power" contains elements from " It's Your Thing ", performed by Cold Grits; elements of "Afromerica", written by Francois Bernheim, Jean-Pierre Lang, and Boris Bergman, and performed by Continent Number 6; and material sampled from " 21st Century Schizoid Man ", composed by Robert Fripp , Michael Giles , Greg Lake , Ian McDonald , and Peter Sinfield , and performed by King Crimson . "So Appalled" contains samples of "You Are – I Am", written by Manfred Mann , and performed by Manfred Mann's Earth Band . "Devil in a New Dress" contains samples of " Will You Love Me Tomorrow ", written by Carole King and Gerry Goffin , and performed by Smokey Robinson . "Runaway" contains a sample of "Expo 83", written by J. Branch, and performed by Backyard Heavies; and excerpts from Rick James Live at Long Beach, CA, 1981 . "Hell of a Life" contains samples of "She's My Baby", written by Sylvester Stewart , and performed by The Mojo Men ; samples of "Stud-Spider" by Tony Joe White ; and portions of " Iron Man ", written by Terence Butler , Anthony Iommi , John Osbourne , and William Ward , and performed by Black Sabbath .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p23
|
"Blame Game" contains elements of "Avril 14th", written by Richard James , and performed by Aphex Twin . "Lost in the World" contains portions of " Soul Makossa ", written by Manu Dibango ; a sample of " Think (About It) ", written by James Brown , and performed by Lyn Collins ; samples of "Woods", written by Justin Vernon , and performed by Bon Iver ; and samples of "Comment No. 1", written and performed by Gil Scott-Heron . "Who Will Survive in America" contains samples of "Comment No. 1" performed by Gil Scott-Heron. Personnel [ edit ] Credits adapted from the album's liner notes. [4] Musicians [ edit ] Jeff Bhasker – keyboards (tracks 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13) , piano (track 6) , cello arrangement (track 1) Mike Dean – keyboards (tracks 3, 5, 7, 10) , piano (tracks 1, 8, 11) , bass (tracks 3, 8, 11) , guitars (tracks 3, 8) , guitar solo (track 2) , cello arrangement (tracks 1, 5, 7) Ken Lewis – guitars (track 2) , bass (track 2) , organ (track 2) , brass and woodwinds (track 5) , tribal drum programming (track 12, 13) , horn arrangement (track 5) , chant vocals (tracks 3, 12, 13) Brent Kolatalo – keyboards (track 2) , drum programming (track 2) Elton John – piano (track 5)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p24
|
Anthony Kilhoffer – additional drum programming (tracks 10, 12, 13) Danny Flam – brass and woodwinds (track 5) Tony Gorruso – brass and woodwinds (track 5) Rosie Danvers – orchestral arrangement and conducting (track 5) , cello (track 5) Chris "Hitchcock" Chorney – cello (tracks 1–3, 5, 7, 9, 11) , cello arrangement (track 11) Mike Lovatt – trumpet (tracks 4, 5) Simon Finch – trumpet (tracks 4, 5) Andy Gathercole – trumpet (track 5) Tim Anderson – French horn (track 5) Tom Rumsby – French horn (track 5) Richard Ashton – French horn (track 5) Mark Frost – trombone (track 5) Philip Judge – trombone (track 5) Chloe Vincent – flute (track 5) Kotono Sato – violin (track 5) Jenny Sacha – violin (track 5) Rachel Robson – viola (track 5) Chloe Mitchell – poem (track 11) Alvin Fields – chant vocals (tracks 3, 12, 13) Ian Allen – handclaps (track 3) Wilson Christopher – handclaps (track 3) Uri Djemal – handclaps (track 3) Chris Soper – handclaps (track 3) Production [ edit ] Andrew Dawson – recording (tracks 1–3, 5–13) , mixing (tracks 1, 10, 11) Anthony Kilhoffer – recording (tracks 1–3, 5–10, 12, 13) , mixing (tracks 2, 5, 9–13) Mike Dean – recording (tracks 1–3, 5–10, 12, 13) , mixing (tracks 1, 4, 6–8, 10, 11) Noah Goldstein – recording (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10–13)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p25
|
Phil Joly – recording (tracks 2, 4) , engineering assistance (tracks 1, 2, 5, 11) Christian Mochizuki – recording (track 2) , engineering assistance (tracks 1, 2, 5–10, 12, 13) Pete Bischoff – recording (track 7) , engineering assistance (tracks 2, 5–8, 10, 12, 13) Ryan Gilligan – recording (track 11) Marcos Tovar – recording (Rihanna vocals; track 5) Manny Marroquin – mixing (track 3) Gaylord Holomalia – engineering assistance (tracks 1, 6–8, 10) Alex Graupera – engineering assistance (tracks 12, 13) Christian Plata – mix engineering assistance (track 3) Erik Madrid – mix engineering assistance (track 3) Cary Clark – mix engineering assistance (track 9) Ken Lewis – chant vocals engineering (track 3) Brent Kolatalo – chant vocals engineering (tracks 3, 12, 13) , horn engineering (track 5) Tommy D – orchestra production (track 5) Vlado Meller – mastering Design [ edit ] Kanye West – art direction Virgil Abloh – art direction George Condo – paintings M/M (Paris) – handwritten titles and illustrations, package design Fabien Montique – Kanye West photograph Charts [ edit ] Weekly charts [ edit ] Chart (2010–11) Peak position Australian Albums ( ARIA ) [177] 6 Australian Urban Albums ( ARIA ) [178] 2 Belgian Albums ( Ultratop Flanders) [179] 21 Belgian Albums ( Ultratop Wallonia) [180] 43 Canadian Albums ( Billboard ) [181]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p26
|
1 Czech Albums ( ČNS IFPI ) [182] 30 Danish Albums ( Hitlisten ) [183] 4 Dutch Albums ( Album Top 100 ) [184] 17 Europe ( European Top 100 Albums ) [185] 19 Finnish Albums ( Suomen virallinen lista ) [186] 42 French Albums ( SNEP ) [187] 28 German Albums ( Offizielle Top 100 ) [188] 19 Greek Albums ( IFPI ) [189] 39 Irish Albums ( IRMA ) [190] 18 Japanese Albums ( Oricon ) [191] 15 Mexican Albums ( AMPROFON ) [192] 87 New Zealand Albums ( RMNZ ) [193] 10 Norwegian Albums ( VG-lista ) [194] 7 Scottish Albums ( OCC ) [195] 24 South Korean International Albums ( Gaon ) [196] 9 Spanish Albums ( PROMUSICAE ) [197] 97 Swedish Albums ( Sverigetopplistan ) [198] 19 Swiss Albums ( Schweizer Hitparade ) [199] 10 UK Albums ( OCC ) [200] 16 US Billboard 200 [201] 1 US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums ( Billboard ) [202] 1 Year-end charts [ edit ] Chart (2011) Position Australian Albums (ARIA) [203] 49 Canadian Albums ( Billboard ) [204] 21 US Billboard 200 [205] 11 US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums ( Billboard ) [206] 4 Chart (2012) Position Australian Urban Albums (ARIA) [207] 45 US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums ( Billboard ) [208] 81 Chart (2015) Position Australian Urban Albums (ARIA) [209]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p27
|
60 Chart (2016) Position Australian Urban Albums (ARIA) [210] 57 Chart (2017) Position Australian Urban Albums (ARIA) [211] 56 Chart (2018) Position Australian Urban Albums (ARIA) [212] 48 Certifications [ edit ] Region Certification Certified units /sales Australia ( ARIA ) [213] Platinum 70,000 ^ Denmark ( IFPI Denmark ) [214] Platinum 20,000 ^ United Kingdom ( BPI ) [215] Gold 100,000 ^ United States ( RIAA ) [216] 2× Platinum 1,351,000 [85] ^ shipments figures based on certification alone Release history [ edit ] Region Date Format(s) Label Ref. Various November 22, 2010 Digital download Def Jam Roc A Fella [79] See also [ edit ] 2010 in hip hop music GOOD Fridays List of number-one albums of 2010 (Canada) List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2010 List of number-one rap albums of 2010 (U.S.) List of Billboard number-one R&B albums of 2010 Runaway (2010 film) References [ edit ] ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Callahan-Bever, Noah (November 2010). Kanye West: Project Runaway Archived December 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Complex . Retrieved on November 30, 2010. ^ Columnist (October 3, 2010). Kanye West Hiding Out in Milan! Archived March 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Posh24. Retrieved on November 30, 2010. ^ "Kanye West and Lady Gaga "Fame Kills" Tour Canceled" . Rolling Stone . October 1, 2009. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011 . Retrieved February 23, 2011 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p28
|
^ a b c d e My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (Media notes). Kanye West. Roc-A-Fella Records . 2010. CS1 maint: others ( link ) ^ Jacobs, Allen (September 17, 2010). Def Jam Records Has Reportedly Spent $3 Million On Kanye West's New Album Archived September 19, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . HipHopDX . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Wilson, Brian. "10 Most Expensive Albums of All Time" . WhatCulture . Archived from the original on April 19, 2016 . Retrieved March 15, 2016 . ^ Anbar, Elyadeen. "11 Most Expensive Albums Ever Produced" . Hypebot. Archived from the original on August 23, 2017 . Retrieved June 15, 2017 . ^ Paine, Jake (September 30, 2010). Kanye West Calls Off This Week's G.O.O.D Friday Archived October 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . HipHopDX . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ "Exclusive: Kanye West Enlists Nicki Minaj for New Album" . Rap-Up . June 30, 2010. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012 . Retrieved July 14, 2010 . ^ Staff (July 27, 2010). DJ Toomp Praises Kanye’s New Album x T.I. Confirmed As Guest Archived August 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . DDotOmen.com. Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Big Homie (August 5, 2010). T.I. Recorded Six Tracks With Kanye Archived August 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Rap Radar . Retrieved on November 28, 2010.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p29
|
^ Denise (October 11, 2010). Kanye West My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Album Download, Hip Hop Collabs Archived November 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . HipHop RX. Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Staff (October 18, 2010). Kanye West’s Biggest Collaboration Yet Archived October 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Rap-Up . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Jacobs, Allen (September 20, 2010). M.I.A. The Latest Artist To Go Into The Studio With Kanye West Archived September 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . HipHopDX . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Staff (September 21, 2010). MIA announces collaboration for Kanye West album 'Dark Twisted Fantasy' Archived September 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . NME . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Kaufman, Gil (October 7, 2010). Kanye West Adds M.I.A., La Roux And Alicia Keys To Album Archived October 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . MTV News . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Kuperstein, Slava (April 8, 2010). Kanye West's Next Album To Drop In June Archived October 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . HipHopDX . Retrieved on April 8, 2010. ^ a b Harling, Danielle (June 25, 2010). Madlib Says Kanye West Requested Beats For "Good Ass Job" Archived January 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . HipHopDX . Retrieved on July 14, 2010.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p30
|
^ Markman, Rob. "Kanye West Told Statik Selektah 'Jazz Was Dead,' So He Went And Made A Jazz Album" . MTV News . Archived from the original on May 18, 2019 . Retrieved May 18, 2019 . ^ Langhorne, Cyrus (April 8, 2010). "Pete Rock Calls Kanye West "Hip-Hop", Confirms Working W/ Him in Hawaii" . SOHH . Archived from the original on April 3, 2012 . Retrieved July 14, 2010 . ^ a b KNOBBZXL (October 17, 2010). Kanye West – Take One for the Team (ft. Pusha T, CyHi Da Prynce, Keri Hilson) Archived October 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Metal Lungies. Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Cormier, Roger. "15 Albums That Cost a Fortune to Make" . Mental Floss . Archived from the original on July 9, 2014 . Retrieved July 8, 2014 . ^ Paine, Jake (November 22, 2010). Kanye West's Studio Arrangement Analyzed In Complex Cover Story Archived October 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . HipHopDX . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Langhorne, Cyrus (April 8, 2010). Pete Rock Calls Kanye West "Hip-Hop", Confirms Working W/ Him In Hawaii Archived April 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . SOHH . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Langhorne, Cyrus (April 10, 2010). DJ Premier Calls Kanye West's New Album "Hard Beats & Rhyme" Archived August 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . SOHH . Retrieved on December 2, 2010.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p31
|
^ "Pusha T Reveals What He Can't Reveal About Kanye's G.O.O.D. Music Project" . Rolling Stone . August 7, 2012. Archived from the original on August 10, 2012 . Retrieved August 11, 2012 . ^ Meadows-Ingram, Benjamin (August 7, 2011). " ' Watch The Throne': Inside Jay-Z's Private Listening Session" . Billboard . Archived from the original on May 29, 2013 . Retrieved August 11, 2012 . ^ a b c d e Kellman, Andy. " My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy – Kanye West" . AllMusic . Archived from the original on June 21, 2012 . Retrieved November 21, 2010 . ^ a b c Vozick-Levinson, Simon (November 12, 2010). " My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy " . Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on November 20, 2010 . Retrieved November 12, 2010 . ^ a b c d e f g h Dombal, Ryan (November 21, 2010). "Kanye West: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy " . Pitchfork . Archived from the original on November 23, 2010 . Retrieved November 21, 2010 . ^ a b c d e f Fennessey, Sean (November 17, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived October 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . The Village Voice . Retrieved on November 17, 2010. ^ Caramanica, Jon (November 17, 2010). Kanye West, Still Unfiltered, on Eve of Fifth Album Archived September 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine . The New York Times . Retrieved on November 17, 2010.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p32
|
^ a b c d Christgau, Robert (November 30, 2010). "The Roots/Kanye West" . MSN Music . Archived from the original on December 8, 2010 . Retrieved November 30, 2010 . ^ Witmer, Phil (November 14, 2015). "21st Century Schizoid Man: How Kanye Changed Rap by Making a 70s Prog Album in 2010" . Noisey . Archived from the original on September 2, 2018 . Retrieved April 26, 2018 . ^ a b c d e Denney, Alex (November 19, 2010). "Kanye West – 'My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy' review" . NME . Archived from the original on November 24, 2010 . Retrieved November 22, 2010 . ^ a b Martin, Andrew (November 24, 2010). Kanye West: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (New Album) Archived July 30, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Prefix Magazine . Retrieved on April 30, 2011. ^ Grischow, Chad (November 23, 2010). Kanye West: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Review – Music Review at IGN Archived April 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . IGN . Retrieved on April 30, 2011. ^ a b c d e f Powers, Ann (November 23, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved on July 23, 2019. ^ a b Amidon, David (November 22, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived August 22, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . PopMatters . Retrieved on November 22, 2010.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p33
|
^ a b c d e f g Cole, Matthew (November 20, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived August 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Slant Magazine . Retrieved on November 20, 2010. ^ a b c d Martins, Chris (November 11, 2010). "Kanye West, 'My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy' (Roc-A-Fella)" . Spin . Archived from the original on November 14, 2010 . Retrieved November 11, 2010 . ^ Rabin, Nathan (November 23, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived November 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . The A.V. Club . Retrieved on November 23, 2010. ^ a b c d Kot, Greg (November 17, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived April 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved on November 17, 2010. ^ Anderson, Kyle (November 15, 2010). Inside Kanye West's My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy: 'Dark Fantasy' Archived September 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine . MTV News . Retrieved on December 11, 2017. ^ a b Weiner, Jonah (November 22, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived April 29, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Slate . Retrieved on January 29, 2011. ^ Anderson, Kyle (November 4, 2010). Kanye West's Massive Posse Track 'All Of The Lights' Leaks Archived November 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . MTV . Retrieved on November 26, 2010.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p34
|
^ Roberts, Steven (November 22, 2010). Kanye's 'All Of The Lights': A Vocal Breakdown Archived February 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . MTV . Retrieved on November 26, 2010. ^ Conner, Thomas (November 21, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived October 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Chicago Sun-Times . Retrieved on November 21, 2010. ^ Burrell, Ian (September 22, 2007). Kanye West: King of rap Archived July 4, 2017, at the Wayback Machine . The Independent . Retrieved on January 29, 2011. ^ a b Frere-Jones, Sasha (December 6, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived October 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . The New Yorker . Retrieved on November 30, 2010. ^ Greene Jr., James (November 30, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived December 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Crawdaddy . Retrieved on November 30, 2010. ^ Wete, Brad (September 12, 2010). Kanye West admits he's a douchebag, debuts 'Runaway' to close VMAs: Watch here Archived January 10, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved on November 30, 2010. ^ Bain, Becky (November 9, 2010). "Kanye West Gets Caught in The "Blame Game" With John Legend And Chris Rock" . Idolator . Archived from the original on May 26, 2012 . Retrieved April 27, 2012 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p35
|
^ Michaels, Sean (August 26, 2014). "Aphex Twin: Kanye tried to get away with not paying for Avril 14th sample" . The Guardian . United Kingdom. Archived from the original on April 19, 2019 . Retrieved September 15, 2019 . ^ Caramanica, Jon (March 3, 2011). "Chris Rock in Stephen Adly Guirgis's Play on Broadway" . The New York Times . New York. Archived from the original on January 24, 2012 . Retrieved April 27, 2012 . ^ JNJ (September 29, 2010). New Music: Kanye West Samples Bon Iver, Gil Scott-Heron On “Lost In The World” Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Neon Limelight. Retrieved on November 13, 2010. ^ Hermes, Will (October 25, 2010). Lost in the World by Kanye West feat. Bon Iver and Gil Scott-Heron | Rolling Stone Music Archived June 19, 2017, at the Wayback Machine . Rolling Stone . Retrieved on May 2, 2011. ^ Rodriguez, Jayson (September 29, 2010). New Kanye West Track, 'Lost In The World,' Leaks Online Archived September 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . MTV News . Retrieved on May 2, 2011. ^ Phillips, Rashad (October 4, 2010). Kanye West Set To Release New Album On Monday, November 22 . HipHopDX . Retrieved on 2010-11-27. Archived December 1, 2017, at the Wayback Machine ^ "Kanye adds M.I.A. to the mix on latest album" . The Independent . September 23, 2010. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012 . Retrieved September 19, 2010 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p36
|
^ Concepcion, Mariel (September 21, 2010). "M.I.A. To Collaborate With Kanye?" . Billboard . Archived from the original on August 31, 2014 . Retrieved October 19, 2010 . ^ "Big Sean Workin' On Kanye's "Good Ass Job " " . Rap Radar . February 14, 2010. Archived from the original on March 27, 2012 . Retrieved July 14, 2010 . ^ West, Kanye (July 28, 2010). "The album is no longer called "Good Ass Job " " . Twitter . Archived from the original on July 31, 2010 . Retrieved August 15, 2019 . ^ a b c Lipshutz, Jason (October 5, 2010). "Kanye West Announces 'Dark Twisted Fantasy' Title and Details" . Billboard . Archived from the original on October 14, 2013 . Retrieved October 5, 2010 . ^ Shifferaw, Abel (September 17, 2018). "Kanye Announces Collab Album With Chance the Rapper Will Be Titled 'Good Ass Job ' " . Complex . Archived from the original on September 18, 2018 . Retrieved September 18, 2018 . ^ West, Kanye (October 17, 2010). "Yoooo they banned my album ..." Twitter . Archived from the original on October 21, 2010 . Retrieved October 17, 2010 . ^ West, Kanye (October 17, 2010). "Banned in the USA!!! They ..." Twitter . Archived from the original on October 21, 2010 . Retrieved October 17, 2010 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p37
|
^ a b Montgomery, James; Warner, Kara (October 19, 2010). "Kanye West Says Twisted Fantasy Will Have Five Different Covers" . MTV News . Archived from the original on October 22, 2010 . Retrieved October 19, 2010 . ^ a b Gary, Kevin (January 10, 2011). "Kanye wanted his cover art to be banned" . HipHopDX . Archived from the original on January 14, 2011 . Retrieved January 15, 2011 . ^ "Kanye West Puts His Ego in Check at Rodarte" . New York . September 14, 2010. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010 . Retrieved October 17, 2010 . ^ a b Daniel Kreps (October 22, 2010). "Kanye West's Latest 'Dark Twisted Fantasy' Cover Revealed" . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on October 24, 2010 . Retrieved October 24, 2010 . ^ Brown, Lane (November 19, 2010). See New Artwork for Kanye’s My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived November 22, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . New York . Retrieved on November 23, 2010. ^ "The 50 Greatest Album Covers of All Time" . Billboard . Archived from the original on November 13, 2015 . Retrieved November 12, 2015 . ^ Milton, Jamie. "The best album artwork of the 21st Century so far" . NME . Archived from the original on March 19, 2018 . Retrieved November 27, 2017 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p38
|
^ Rodriguez, Jayson (October 5, 2010). "Kanye West's Album To Be My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy " . MTV News . Archived from the original on October 7, 2010 . Retrieved October 5, 2010 . ^ a b c Concepcion, Mariel (November 30, 2010). Kanye West's 'G.O.O.D. Music Fridays' Inspires Other Artists Archived December 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine . Billboard . Retrieved on November 30, 2010. ^ Kaufman, Gil (August 23, 2010). Kanye West Promises New Song Every Week Through Christmas Archived December 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . MTV News . Retrieved on November 30, 2010. ^ Young, Alex (November 5, 2010). Kanye extends G.O.O.D. Friday until end of January Archived November 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Consequence of Sound . Retrieved on November 30, 2010. ^ a b Baron, Zach (November 22, 2010). The Reason Why Kanye West's My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Is $3.99 on Amazon Right Now Archived November 25, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . The Village Voice . Retrieved on November 24, 2010. ^ Use Code GET3MP3S and Get $3 in MP3 Downloads . Amazon.com . Retrieved on November 24, 2010. ^ Burr, Mike (November 23, 2010). Amazon Black Friday Deal Prices New Kanye Under A Dollar Archived November 29, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Prefix Magazine . Retrieved on November 24, 2010.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p39
|
^ a b Caulfield, Keith (December 1, 2010). Kanye West, Nicki Minaj Score Big Debuts on Billboard 200 Archived May 28, 2013, at the Wayback Machine . Billboard . Retrieved on December 1, 2010. ^ Grein, Paul (December 1, 2010). Week Ending Nov. 28, 2010: The King And Queen Of Hip-Hop – Chart Watch Archived October 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Yahoo! Music . Retrieved on March 5, 2011. ^ My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy – Kanye West . Billboard . Retrieved on July 15, 2011. ^ a b Cibola, Marco (June 14, 2013). "Kanye West: How the Rapper Grew From 'Dropout' to 'Yeezus ' " . Billboard . Archived from the original on June 17, 2013 . Retrieved June 14, 2013 . ^ Staff (April 4, 2011). "Photos: Lollapalooza Chile 2011" . Pitchfork . Archived from the original on September 18, 2018 . Retrieved June 14, 2013 . ^ Perpetua, Matthew (May 17, 2011). "Stevie Wonder, Coldplay, Kanye Headline Austin City Limits" . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on September 18, 2018 . Retrieved August 15, 2019 . ^ Jeff Miller (April 18, 2011). "Kanye West Delivers One of Greatest Hip-Hop Sets of All Time at Coachella" . The Hollywood Reporter . Archived from the original on February 27, 2013 . Retrieved July 1, 2013 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p40
|
^ Rodriguez, Jayson (October 22, 2010). "Kanye West Calls Bon Iver Track 'Crescendo' For 'Runaway' Film" . MTV . Archived from the original on February 8, 2012 . Retrieved February 26, 2011 . ^ "Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade Stars Kanye West, Kung Fu Panda" . Billboard . Archived from the original on September 22, 2014 . Retrieved October 25, 2010 . ^ Jake Paine (May 28, 2010). "S1 Explains Co-Producing Kanye West's "Power " " . HipHopDX . Archived from the original on February 5, 2012 . Retrieved July 14, 2010 . ^ Paine, Jake (July 1, 2010). "Kanye West's "Power" Released As Single, Cover Art Revealed" . HipHopDX . Archived from the original on May 24, 2017 . Retrieved September 16, 2019 . ^ Ryon, Sean (August 12, 2010). Kanye West To Release "Power (Remix)" With Jay-Z Tomorrow Archived March 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . HipHopDX . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ a b c Kanye West Album & Song Chart History – Hot 100 . Billboard . Retrieved on November 30, 2010. ^ Nominees: 2010 – 53rd Annual GRAMMY Awards . Grammy . Retrieved on December 2, 2010. ^ Kyle Anderson (September 16, 2010). "Is Kanye West's 'Runaway' His Best Single Ever?" . MTV . Archived from the original on May 27, 2012 . Retrieved September 16, 2010 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p41
|
^ Young, Alex (October 3, 2010). "Watch: Kanye West powers through Saturday Night Live" . Consequence of Sound . Archived from the original on September 26, 2015 . Retrieved September 16, 2019 . ^ "Single Cover: Kanye West – 'Runaway ' " . Rap-Up . Archived from the original on September 24, 2010 . Retrieved September 24, 2010 . ^ a b Staff (December 7, 2010). Rolling Stone's Best Singles of 2010 Archived December 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Rolling Stone . Retrieved on December 7, 2010. ^ DiChiara, Tom (October 23, 2010). "Kane West's Movie 'Runaway' To Debut on MTV, MTV 2 And MTV.com Saturday Night" . MTV . Archived from the original on October 25, 2010 . Retrieved October 23, 2010 . ^ a b Concepcion, Mariel (October 7, 2010). "Kanye West Premieres 35-Minute-Long 'Runaway' Video in London" . Billboard . Archived from the original on July 13, 2014 . Retrieved October 8, 2010 . ^ Kaufman, Gil (October 7, 2010). "Kanye West Screens 'Runaway' In London" . MTV . Archived from the original on November 5, 2012 . Retrieved October 8, 2010 . ^ Ziegbe, Mawuse; Calloway, Sway (October 23, 2010). "Kanye West Calls 'Runaway' A Reflection of His Entire Life" . MTV News . Archived from the original on October 25, 2010 . Retrieved October 23, 2010 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p42
|
^ Scaggs, Austin. "Kanye West Gets Ready to Unveil His'Fantasy ' " . Rolling Stone . ^ Navjosh (September 21, 2010). Kanye West Releasing ‘Monster’ As Single Archived November 24, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . HipHop-N-More . Retrieved on November 27, 2010. ^ "Monster – Single by Kanye West, Jay-Z, Rick Ross, Nicki Minaj & Bon Iver" . iTunes Store . Archived from the original on October 26, 2010 . Retrieved September 16, 2019 . ^ Ziegbe, Mawuse (August 27, 2010). Kanye West Drops 'Monster' Single With Jay-Z, Nicki Minaj Archived December 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . MTV News . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Reid, Shaheem (September 14, 2010). Jay-Z, Eminem Joined By Kanye West, Beyonce, Others At Yankee Stadium . MTV News . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Rodriguez, Jayson (October 5, 2010). Kanye West's Album To Be My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived October 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . MTV News . Retrieved on November 28, 2010. ^ Anderson, Kyle (December 2, 2010). Pink Scores Her Second Billboard Hot 100 Chart-Topper Archived September 12, 2017, at the Wayback Machine . MTV News . Retrieved on December 11, 2017. ^ Copsey, Robert (December 2, 2010). Pink scores third US chart topper Archived December 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Digital Spy . Retrieved on December 2, 2010.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p43
|
^ "Top 40/M Future Releases" . All Access Music Group. Archived from the original on January 10, 2011 . Retrieved September 16, 2019 . ^ "Radio1 Rodos Greece" . Radio1. Archived from the original on December 22, 2010 . Retrieved September 16, 2019 . ^ All of the Lights – Kanye West | Billboard.com . Billboard . Retrieved on May 5, 2011. ^ Grein, Paul (December 7, 2011). Week Ending Dec. 4, 2011. Songs: Katy Goes On Sale Archived January 21, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Yahoo! Music . Retrieved on December 8, 2011. ^ "Kanye West feat. Various Artists – All of the Lights" . Hung Medien. Archived from the original on November 13, 2012 . Retrieved March 11, 2012 . ^ "Brasil Hot 100 Airplay". Billboard Brasil (Brasil: bpp) (2): 96. June 2011. ^ "Archive Chart" . UK Singles Chart . Archived from the original on September 28, 2012 . Retrieved April 10, 2011 . ^ "Chart Track" Archived June 9, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Irish Singles Chart . Retrieved April 14, 2011. ^ "Top 40 Scottish Singles 09.04.11" Archived October 30, 2013, at the Wayback Machine . Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 3, 2011. ^ ":: 가온차트와 함께하세요 ::" Archived July 12, 2012, at Archive.today . Gaonchart.co.kr. Retrieved August 17, 2011. ^ "2011 Singles Accreditations" Archived May 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Australian Recording Industry Association . Retrieved August 5, 2011.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p44
|
^ "Latest Gold & Platinum Singles" Archived July 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Recorded Music NZ . Retrieved April 14, 2011. ^ "Gold & Platinum – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . RIAA . Retrieved July 23, 2019 . ^ a b " My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy by Kanye West reviews" . AnyDecentMusic? . Archived from the original on November 14, 2016 . Retrieved October 31, 2016 . ^ a b "Reviews for My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy by Kanye West" . Metacritic . Archived from the original on July 17, 2012 . Retrieved November 20, 2010 . ^ a b Empire, Kitty (November 19, 2010). "Kanye West: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (Roc-A-Fella/Def Jam) – review" . The Guardian . Archived from the original on October 1, 2013 . Retrieved November 19, 2010 . ^ a b Gill, Andy (November 19, 2010). "Album: Kanye West, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (Def Jam)" . The Independent . Archived from the original on November 22, 2010 . Retrieved November 19, 2010 . ^ a b Sheffield, Rob (November 9, 2010). " My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy " . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on December 18, 2010 . Retrieved November 9, 2010 . ^ Jones, Steve (November 23, 2010). "Kanye West's 'Twisted Fantasy' contains a beautiful reality" . USA Today . Archived from the original on March 1, 2016 . Retrieved September 18, 2016 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p45
|
^ Browne, David (November 17, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived November 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Time . Retrieved on November 18, 2010. ^ Vidal, Dan (November 23, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived March 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . URB . Retrieved on December 8, 2010. ^ Freeman, Channing (November 11, 2010). Review: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived March 5, 2018, at the Wayback Machine . Sputnikmusic . Retrieved on November 12, 2010. ^ a b Clem Rusty (January 2, 2012). "Kanye West has the best-reviewed album of 2010" . Metacritic . Archived from the original on March 14, 2012 . Retrieved March 11, 2012 . ^ a b Dietz, Jason (December 6, 2010). 2010 Music Critic Top Ten Lists [Updated Dec. 30] . Metacritic . Retrieved on 2010-12-30. ^ Staff (December 14, 2010). Critics' Picks: Billboard's Top 10 Albums of 2010 Archived February 13, 2013, at the Wayback Machine . Billboard . Retrieved on December 16, 2010. ^ Staff (December 9, 2010). Kanye West, ' My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy ' - The Top 10 Everything of 2010 Archived December 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Time . Retrieved on December 9, 2010. ^ Staff (December 14, 2010). Best of 2010: Albums Archived December 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Slant Magazine . Retrieved on December 16, 2010.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p46
|
^ Staff (December 16, 2010). Staff Lists: The Top 50 Albums of 2010 Archived June 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Pitchfork . Retrieved on December 18, 2010. ^ Staff (December 7, 2010). Rolling Stone's Best Albums of 2010 Archived December 10, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Rolling Stone . Retrieved on December 7, 2010. ^ Staff (December 6, 2010). The 40 Best Albums of 2010 Archived December 11, 2010, at the Wayback Machine . Spin . Retrieved on December 6, 2010. ^ Pazz & Jop 2010: Albums — All Votes . The Village Voice . Archived from the original on February 18, 2011. Retrieved August 15, 2019. ^ a b Baron, Zach (January 19, 2011). Kanye West Wins One for the Douchebags Archived January 23, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . The Village Voice . Retrieved on February 18, 2011. ^ "Kanye West" . Acclaimed Music . Archived from the original on August 18, 2016 . Retrieved December 30, 2016 . ^ "Top Hip Hop Albums" . Acclaimed Music . Archived from the original on June 20, 2016 . Retrieved December 30, 2016 . ^ Martin, Andrew (December 6, 2012). "Kanye West, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010) – 25 Rap Albums From the Past Decade That Deserve Classic Status" . Complex . New York. Archived from the original on December 9, 2012 . Retrieved December 10, 2012 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p47
|
^ "Kanye West, My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010) – The 10 Best Rap Albums of The Last 5 Years – Complex" . Complex . October 7, 2013. Archived from the original on October 10, 2013 . Retrieved August 15, 2019 . ^ Robert Dimery; Michael Lydon (2014). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die: Revised and Updated Edition . Universe. ISBN 978-0-7893-2074-2 . ^ Sarah Smith (August 18, 2014). "And Pitchfork says the bestsong of the decade is..." Faster Louder . Faster Louder Pty Ltd. Archived from the original on August 21, 2014 . Retrieved August 29, 2014 . ^ Cohen, Ian (August 19, 2014). The 100 Best Albums of the Decade So Far (2010–14) Archived October 3, 2014, at the Wayback Machine . Pitchfork . Retrieved on August 19, 2014. ^ Jason Lipshutz, Elias Leight (January 13, 2015). "The 20 Best Albums of the 2010s (So Far)" . Billboard . Archived from the original on April 18, 2019 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ "BPM 5: The Top 130 Albums" . Beats Per Minute . October 15, 2013. Archived from the original on March 15, 2015 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ "The 100 Best Albums of the Complex Decade" . Complex . April 2, 2012. Archived from the original on June 25, 2012 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p48
|
^ "Music: Greatest Albums of All Time" . Entertainment Weekly . May 16, 2016. Archived from the original on June 24, 2019 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ "The 21 Albums from the 21st Century Every Man Should Hear" . GQ . August 5, 2014. Archived from the original on April 29, 2019 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ Andres Delgado (July 3, 2016). "30 Best Albums of the Decade So Far" . Odyssey . Archived from the original on July 15, 2018 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ "The 100 Best Albums of the Decade So Far" . Pitchfork . August 19, 2014. Archived from the original on June 22, 2019 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ "500 Greatest Albums of All Time" . Rolling Stone . May 31, 2012. Archived from the original on June 8, 2019 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ "The 300 Best Albums of the Past 30 Years (1985-2014)" . Spin . May 11, 2015. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ "The Greatest 50 Albums Since '93" . Vibe . April 18, 2013. Archived from the original on June 24, 2019 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ "The Top 100 Albums of Clash's Lifetime" . Clash . January 13, 2015. Archived from the original on June 5, 2018 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p49
|
^ "The 100 best albums of the 21st century" . The Guardian . September 13, 2019. Archived from the original on September 13, 2019 . Retrieved September 14, 2019 . ^ Emily Barker (October 25, 2013). "The 500 Greatest Albums Of All Time" . NME . Archived from the original on May 2, 2019 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ Emily Barker (December 8, 2014). "25 Best Albums of the Decade So Far" . NME . Archived from the original on July 4, 2018 . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ Patrick Clarke (October 3, 2018). "The Top 100 Albums Of The Quietus' Existence, As Picked By tQ's Writers" . The Quietus . Retrieved June 24, 2019 . ^ Cristin Maher (October 11, 2011). "2011 BET Hip-Hop Award Winners" . PopCrush . Archived from the original on October 16, 2017 . Retrieved September 24, 2019 . ^ "2011 Billboard Music Awards Winners List" . Billboard . April 25, 2011. Archived from the original on May 28, 2017 . Retrieved September 24, 2019 . ^ "The 2010 HipHopDX Year End Awards" . HipHopDX . December 13, 2010. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017 . Retrieved September 24, 2019 . ^ "2011 NAACP Image Award Nominees" . Essence . January 12, 2011. Archived from the original on December 17, 2017 . Retrieved September 24, 2019 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p50
|
^ a b "Nominees and Winners" . Grammy . Archived from the original on December 27, 2003 . Retrieved December 1, 2011 . ^ Abebe, Nitsuh (December 1, 2011). "Explaining the Kanye Snub, and Other Thoughts on the Grammy Nominations" . New York . Archived from the original on January 22, 2012 . Retrieved January 31, 2012 . ^ Hyden, Steven (November 30, 2011). "Grammy nominations: Kanye West honored and snubbed; Bon Iver primed to become Arcade Fire 2.0" . The A.V. Club . Archived from the original on February 3, 2012 . Retrieved January 31, 2012 . ^ a b Morris, Christopher (November 30, 2011). "Rappers, rockers drive Grammy nominations" . Variety . Archived from the original on February 5, 2013 . Retrieved January 31, 2012 . ^ a b Markman, Rob (December 2, 2011). "Kanye West Blames Himself For Album of the Year Snub" . MTV News . Archived from the original on February 1, 2012 . Retrieved January 31, 2012 . ^ a b Touré (December 2, 2011). "Touré: Why The Grammys Snubbed Kanye West's Twisted Fantasy" . Time . Archived from the original on February 7, 2012 . Retrieved January 31, 2012 . ^ Roberts, Randall (November 30, 2011). "Critic's Notebook: Grammy Awards? Your granny's awards" . Los Angeles Times . Archived from the original on December 1, 2011 . Retrieved December 1, 2011 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p51
|
^ "Australiancharts.com – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Top 40 Urban Albums & Singles Chart" . Australian Recording Industry Association . May 8, 2011. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011 . Retrieved May 14, 2011 . ^ "Ultratop.be – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Ultratop.be – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Kanye West Chart History (Canadian Albums)" . Billboard . Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Czech Albums – Top 100" . ČNS IFPI . Note : On the chart page, select 201106 on the field besides the word "Zobrazit", and then click over the word to retrieve the correct chart data. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Danishcharts.dk – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ European Albums – Week of December 11, 2010 Archived January 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine . Billboard . Retrieved on March 26, 2011. ^ " Kanye West: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland . Retrieved September 30, 2018.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p52
|
^ "Lescharts.com – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts . Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ greekcharts.com – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived March 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Hung Medien. Retrieved on February 5, 2011. ^ "Irish-charts.com – Discography Kanye West" . Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ 20, 2017/ "Oricon Top 50 Albums: November 20, 2017" (in Japanese). Oricon . Retrieved November 15, 2017. ^ mexicancharts.com – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Archived April 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Hung Medien. Retrieved on February 5, 2011. ^ "Charts.nz – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Official Scottish Albums Chart Top 100" . Official Charts Company . Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ 가온차트와 함께하세요 . Korea Music Content Industry Association. Retrieved on March 26, 2011. ^ "Spanishcharts.com – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . Hung Medien. Retrieved November 23, 2017. ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p53
|
^ "Swisscharts.com – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . Hung Medien. Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100" . Official Charts Company . Retrieved October 18, 2018. ^ "Kanye West Chart History ( Billboard 200)" . Billboard . Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Kanye West Chart History (Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums)" . Billboard . Retrieved September 30, 2018. ^ "Adele's "21" crowned ARIA's highest selling album of 2011 LMFAO takes single honours with "Party Rock Anthem " " (PDF) . ARIA . January 1, 2012. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 8, 2012 . Retrieved January 1, 2012 . ^ "Top Canadian Albums Year-End 2011" . Billboard . Archived from the original on May 18, 2019 . Retrieved August 15, 2019 . ^ "Billboard 200 Year-End 2011" . Billboard . Archived from the original on February 1, 2018 . Retrieved August 15, 2019 . ^ "Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums Year-End 2011" . Billboard . Archived from the original on February 1, 2018 . Retrieved August 15, 2019 . ^ "Top 50 Urban Albums 2012" . ARIA. Archived from the original on April 9, 2013 . Retrieved August 15, 2019 . ^ "Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums Year-End 2012" . Billboard . Archived from the original on April 18, 2019 . Retrieved August 15, 2019 . ^ "Top 100 Urban Albums 2015" . ARIA Charts . Archived from the original on April 17, 2019 . Retrieved September 18, 2019 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p54
|
^ "Top 100 Urban Albums 2016" . ARIA Charts. Archived from the original on April 9, 2019 . Retrieved September 18, 2019 . ^ "Top 100 Urban Albums 2017" . ARIA Charts. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019 . Retrieved September 18, 2019 . ^ "Top 100 Urban Albums 2018" . ARIA Charts. Archived from the original on March 28, 2019 . Retrieved September 18, 2019 . ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2011 Albums" . Australian Recording Industry Association . Retrieved July 23, 2019 . ^ "Danish album certifications – Kanye West – My beautyful dark twisted fantasy" . IFPI Denmark . Retrieved October 18, 2019 . Scroll through the page-list below until year 2018 to obtain certification. ^ "British album certifications – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . British Phonographic Industry . Retrieved July 23, 2019 . Select albums in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter. ^ "American album certifications – Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" . Recording Industry Association of America . Retrieved July 23, 2019 . If necessary, click Advanced , then click Format , then select Album , then click SEARCH . External links [ edit ] Official website
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p55
|
My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy at Discogs (list of releases) v t e Kanye West Albums discography Singles discography Videography Production discography Songs Awards and nominations Studio albums The College Dropout Late Registration Graduation 808s & Heartbreak My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy Yeezus The Life of Pablo Ye Jesus Is King Collaborations Watch the Throne Kids See Ghosts Live albums Late Orchestration VH1 Storytellers Compilations Cruel Summer Mixtapes Can't Tell Me Nothing DVDs The College Dropout Video Anthology Late Orchestration Films We Were Once a Fairytale Runaway Cruel Summer Jesus Is King Tours Vertigo Tour Glow in the Dark Tour Fame Kills: Starring Kanye West and Lady Gaga Watch the Throne Tour The Yeezus Tour Saint Pablo Tour Books Glow in the Dark Related articles GOOD Music GOOD Fridays Child Rebel Soldier Kids See Ghosts Sunday Service Kim Kardashian (wife) Nike Air Yeezy Adidas Yeezy Kanye Zone Book Category Awards for My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy v t e Grammy Award for Best Rap Album 1996–2000 Poverty's Paradise – Naughty by Nature (1996) The Score – Fugees (1997) No Way Out – Puff Daddy and the Family (1998) Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life – Jay-Z (1999) The Slim Shady LP – Eminem (2000) 2001–2010 The Marshall Mathers LP – Eminem (2001) Stankonia – Outkast (2002) The Eminem Show – Eminem (2003)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p56
|
Speakerboxxx/The Love Below – Outkast (2004) The College Dropout – Kanye West (2005) Late Registration – Kanye West (2006) Release Therapy – Ludacris (2007) Graduation – Kanye West (2008) Tha Carter III – Lil Wayne (2009) Relapse – Eminem (2010) 2011–present Recovery – Eminem (2011) My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy – Kanye West (2012) Take Care – Drake (2013) The Heist – Macklemore & Ryan Lewis (2014) The Marshall Mathers LP 2 – Eminem (2015) To Pimp a Butterfly – Kendrick Lamar (2016) Coloring Book – Chance the Rapper (2017) Damn – Kendrick Lamar (2018) Invasion of Privacy – Cardi B (2019) v t e Pitchfork ' s Album of the Year 1998 Outkast – Aquemini 1999 The Dismemberment Plan – Emergency & I 2000 Radiohead – Kid A 2001 The Microphones – The Glow Pt. 2 2002 Interpol – Turn on the Bright Lights 2003 The Rapture – Echoes 2004 Arcade Fire – Funeral 2005 Sufjan Stevens – Illinois 2006 The Knife – Silent Shout 2007 Panda Bear – Person Pitch 2008 Fleet Foxes – Sun Giant / Fleet Foxes 2009 Animal Collective – Merriweather Post Pavilion 2010 Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy 2011 Bon Iver – Bon Iver, Bon Iver 2012 Kendrick Lamar – Good Kid, M.A.A.D City 2013 Vampire Weekend – Modern Vampires of the City
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p57
|
2014 Run the Jewels – Run the Jewels 2 2015 Kendrick Lamar – To Pimp a Butterfly 2016 Solange – A Seat at the Table 2017 Kendrick Lamar – DAMN. 2018 Mitski – Be the Cowboy v t e Rolling Stone ' s Albums of the Year 1978–1979 1978 Rolling Stones – Some Girls 1979 Neil Young – Rust Never Sleeps 1980–1989 1980 The Clash – London Calling 1981 Rolling Stones – Tattoo You 1982 Bruce Springsteen – Nebraska 1983 R.E.M. – Murmur 1984 Bruce Springsteen – Born in the USA 1985 Talking Heads – Little Creatures 1986 Paul Simon – Graceland 1987 Bruce Springsteen – Tunnel of Love 1988 Midnight Oil – Diesel and Dust 1989 Neil Young – Freedom 1990–1999 1990 Sinead O'Connor – I Do Not Want What I Haven't Got 1991 R.E.M. – Out of Time 1992 R.E.M. – Automatic for the People 1993 Nirvana – In Utero 1994 Hole – Live Through This 1995 PJ Harvey – To Bring You My Love 1996 Beck – Odelay 1997 Bob Dylan – Time Out of Mind 1998 Lauryn Hill – The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill 1999 Rage Against The Machine – The Battle of Los Angeles 2000–2009 2000 Eminem – The Marshall Mathers LP 2001 Bob Dylan – Love and Theft 2002 Beck – Sea Change 2003 Outkast – Speakerboxxx/The Love Below
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p58
|
2004 Kanye West – The College Dropout 2005 Kanye West – Late Registration 2006 Bob Dylan – Modern Times 2007 M.I.A. – Kala 2008 TV on the Radio – Dear Science 2009 U2 – No Line on the Horizon 2010–present 2010 Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy 2011 Adele – 21 2012 Bruce Springsteen – Wrecking Ball 2013 Vampire Weekend – Modern Vampires of the City 2014 U2 – Songs of Innocence 2015 Kendrick Lamar – To Pimp a Butterfly 2016 Beyoncé – Lemonade 2017 Kendrick Lamar – Damn 2018 Cardi B – Invasion of Privacy NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1283 Cached time: 20191029004807 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 2.316 seconds Real time usage: 2.584 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 18600/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 451574/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 47071/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 30/40 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 443923/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.964/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8.74 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2093.343 1 -total 43.41% 908.665 1 Template:Reflist 24.43% 511.476 82 Template:Cite_web 8.74% 183.060 21 Template:Album_chart 8.48% 177.465 1 Template:Infobox_album 7.82% 163.635 4 Template:Certification_Table_Entry 7.23% 151.407 4 Template:Infobox 5.58% 116.896 73 Template:Webarchive 5.31% 111.143 4 Template:Certification_Cite_Ref
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p59
|
4.96% 103.795 4 Template:Cite_certification Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:26224454-0!canonical and timestamp 20191029004807 and revision id 923512771 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy&oldid=923512771 " Categories : 2010 albums Kanye West albums Albums produced by Bink (record producer) Albums produced by DJ Frank E Albums produced by Emile Haynie Albums produced by Jeff Bhasker Albums produced by Kanye West Albums produced by Mike Dean (record producer) Albums produced by Lex Luger Albums produced by No I.D. Albums produced by RZA Albums produced by Symbolyc One Concept albums Def Jam Recordings albums Grammy Award for Best Rap Album Roc-A-Fella Records albums Obscenity controversies in music Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links CS1 maint: others Webarchive template archiveis links Use mdy dates from September 2019 Good articles Articles with short description Articles with hAudio microformats Certification Table Entry usages for Australia Certification Table Entry usages for Denmark Certification Table Entry usages for United Kingdom Certification Table Entry usages for United States Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191029081828id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Beautiful_Dark_Twisted_Fantasy_p60
|
Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano עברית Lietuvių Македонски Nederlands Norsk Polski Português Русский Simple English Suomi Svenska Türkçe Tiếng Việt 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 29 October 2019, at 00:48 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190905013056id_/http://www.thepoeblog.org:80/the-raven-room-reopens/_p0
|
jQuery The Raven Room Reopens – Poe Museum Blog About The Museum History of the Museum Visit the Museum Buy Tickets Contact Groups Hours and Accessibility Museum Staff and Board of Directors Explore Poe in Richmond Exhibits Enchanted Garden Poe Museum Cats Educators Resources Tours Programs Students Who was Edgar Allan Poe? FAQs Poe’s Works and Timeline Research Collections Image Licensing Recommended Poe Resources Other Poe Sites Support Us Volunteer at the Museum Donate Become a Member Museum Store News and Events Events Garden Rentals Buy Tickets Today's Hours MENU > Donate The Raven Room Reopens Chris Semtner | November 5, 2014 After more than a decade, the Poe Museum reopened its Raven Room last Halloween night in a new gallery space. The exhibit features the Raven illustrations of James Carling , who attempted to illustrate the entire poem line-by-line. Since the Poe Museum first acquired the original artwork in the 1930s, the drawings were on continuous display in a specially devoted gallery known as the Raven Room. At first, the Raven Room was located in the Museum’s Elizabeth Arnold Poe Memorial Building (pictured above), but it was later moved to a blood-red room on the second floor of the Tea House (now known as the Exhibits Building). After the original artwork was replaced with reproductions in the 1970s, the Raven Room stayed on exhibit until about 2003 when it was replaced by a changing exhibit gallery.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190905013056id_/http://www.thepoeblog.org:80/the-raven-room-reopens/_p1
|
This year, the Museum converted a storage area into a new Raven Room (pictured above) complete with it famously red walls. Much as they were in the earlier incarnations of the exhibit, the drawings are hung side-by-side around the room so that visitors may follow the illustrations chronologically. In this installation, however, only ten drawings at a time will be displayed. In this way, seventy-five percent of the precious artworks will be protected from the light at any given time. This measure will help ensure they survive for future generations to enjoy. The complete set of illustrations will soon be available in a book (pictured below) to be released in the near future. Check our online store for the latest updates. This exhibit and the accompanying book were made possible by the generous support of Dr. George W. Poe Jr., Avery Brooks, Mark Cummins, Cecelia Faigin, Rolf-Thomas Happe, Lynda Locke, Michael O’Farrell, John O’Sullivan, Kay Purcell , Ashley Woessner, and Kristopher Woofter. Categories: Collections and Registration , Education , Exhibits Tags: exhibits , James Carling , museum events , poe , The Raven 1 Comment Gary says: November 7, 2014 at 6:25 pm Can’t wait to hear about the release date of the book so I can get my copy! #comment-## ← Poe’s Actress Mother-Part One Poe as a Popularizer of 19th-Century Sceince →
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190905013056id_/http://www.thepoeblog.org:80/the-raven-room-reopens/_p2
|
Search Our Blog Search for: Recent Posts Murders in the Rue Morgue: Dupin Solves a Gruesome Murder Moldavia: 219 Years Later Poe’s Tales of Detective Fiction Mellonta Tauta: An Imaginary Journey Poe Museum Acquires New Letter Categories 365 Days of Poe Collections and Registration Education Events Exhibits Garden Gift shop Letters Members Newsletters Object of the Month Other Paranormal Podcast Poe and Science Poe News Poetry Uncategorized Weddings Archives Archives Select Month July 2019 June 2019 April 2019 March 2019 January 2019 November 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 April 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20190905013056id_/http://www.thepoeblog.org:80/the-raven-room-reopens/_p3
|
January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 September 2010 January 2010 November 2009 April 2009 January 2009 October 2008 September 2008 Museum Location: 1914-16 East Main Street Richmond, VA 23223 Privacy Policy (804) 648-5523
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p0
|
The Souls of Black Folk - Wikipedia CentralNotice The Souls of Black Folk From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches Title page of second edition Author W. E. B. Du Bois Illustrator Jonathan birgen Cover artist Jonathan Birgen Country United States Language English Subject Race and ethnicity in the United States Genre Essays Publisher A. C. McClurg & Co. , Chicago Publication date 1903 The Souls of Black Folk is a 1903 work of American literature by W. E. B. Du Bois . It is a seminal work in the history of sociology , and a cornerstone of African-American literature . The book contains several essays on race, some of which the magazine Atlantic Monthly had previously published. To develop this work, Du Bois drew from his own experiences as an African American in American society. Outside of its notable relevance in African-American history , The Souls of Black Folk also holds an important place in social science as one of the early works in the field of sociology. In The Souls of Black Folk , Du Bois used the term "double consciousness", perhaps taken from Ralph Waldo Emerson ("The Transcendentalist" and "Fate"), applying it to the idea that black people must have two fields of vision at all times. They must be conscious of how they view themselves, as well as being conscious of how the world views them.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p1
|
Contents 1 Chapters 1.1 "Of Our Spiritual Strivings" 1.2 "Of the Dawn of Freedom" 1.3 "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others" 1.4 "Of the Meaning of Progress" 1.5 "Of the Wings of Atalanta" 1.6 "Of the Training of Black Men" 1.7 "Of the Black Belt" 1.8 "Of the Quest of the Golden Fleece" 1.9 "Of the Sons of Master and Man" 1.10 "Of the Faith of the Fathers" 1.11 "Of the Passing of the First-Born" 1.12 "Of Alexander Crummell" 1.13 "Of the Coming of John" 1.14 "The Sorrow Songs" 2 Critical reception 2.1 Literary reception 2.2 Cultural and religious criticism 3 Textual changes 4 Footnotes 5 Further reading 6 External links Chapters [ edit ] Each chapter in The Souls of Black Folk begins with a pair of epigraphs: text from a poem, usually by a European poet, and the musical score of a spiritual , which Du Bois describes in his foreword ("The Forethought") as "some echo of haunting melody from the only American music which welled up from black souls in the dark past". [1] Columbia University English and comparative literature professor Brent Hayes Edwards writes: It is crucial to recognize that Du Bois ... chooses not to include the lyrics to the spirituals, which often serve to underline the arguments of the chapters: Booker T. Washington 's idealism is echoed in the otherworldly salvation hoped for in "A Great Camp-Meeting in the Promised Land", for example; likewise the determined call for education in "Of the Training of Black Men" is matched by the strident words of "March On". [2]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p2
|
Edwards adds that Du Bois may have withheld the lyrics to mark a barrier for the reader, to suggest that black culture—life "within the veil"—remains inaccessible to white people. [2] In "The Forethought", Du Bois states: "Leaving, then, the world of the white man, I have stepped within the Veil, raising it that you may view faintly its deeper recesses,—the meaning of its religion, the passion of its human sorrow, and the struggle of its greater souls." He concludes with the words: "...need I add that I who speak here am bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of them that live within the Veil?" [3] "Of Our Spiritual Strivings" [ edit ] Chapter I, "Of Our Spiritual Strivings", lays out an overview of Du Bois's thesis. He says that the blacks of the South need the right to vote, the right to a good education, and to be treated with equality and justice. Here, he also coined " double-consciousness ", defined as a "sense of always looking at one's self through the eyes of others, of measuring one's soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity." [4] "One ever feels his twoness,—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder. The History of the American Negro is the history of this strive-this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self. He simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American, without being cursed and spit upon by his fellows, without having the doors of Opportunity closed roughly in his face." [3] : 5
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p3
|
The first chapter also introduces Du Bois's famous metaphor of the veil. According to Du Bois, this veil is worn by all African-Americans because their view of the world and its potential economic, political, and social opportunities are so vastly different from those of white people. The veil is a visual manifestation of the color line, a problem Du Bois worked his whole life to remedy. Du Bois sublimates the function of the veil when he refers to it as a gift of second sight for African Americans, thus simultaneously characterizing the veil as both a blessing and a curse. [5] "In those sombre forests of his striving his own soul rose before him, and he saw himself,-darkly as through a veil; and yet he saw in himself some faint revelation of his power, of his mission." [3] : 9 "Of the Dawn of Freedom" [ edit ] The second chapter, "Of the Dawn of Freedom", covers the period of history from 1861 to 1872 and the Freedmen's Bureau . Du Bois also introduces the problem of the color-line. "The Problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line,—the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea. [3] : 13 Du Bois describes the Freedmen's Bureau as "one of the most singular and interesting of the attempts made by a great nation to grapple with vast problems of race and social condition." He says that the bureau was "one of the great landmarks of political and social progress." After a year's work, Du Bois states that "it relieved a vast amount of physical suffering; it transported seven thousand fugitives from congested centres back to the farm; and, best of all, it inaugurated the crusade of the New England school-ma'am." [3] : 14, 21–22
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p4
|
"The greatest success of the Freedmen's Bureau lay in the planting of the free school among Negroes, and the idea of free elementary education among all classes in the South." [3] : 28 He gives credit to the creation of Fisk University , Clark Atlanta University , Howard University , and Hampton University and acknowledges the "apostles of human culture" Edmund Asa Ware , Samuel C. Armstrong , and Erastus Cravath . He worried that the demise of the Freedman's Savings Bank , which resulted in huge losses for many freedmen of any savings, resulted in freedmen losing "all the faith in savings". [3] : 28–29, 32 Finally, he argues that "if we cannot peacefully reconstruct the South with white votes, we certainly can with black votes." [3] : 33 "...the granting of the ballot to the black man was a necessity, the very least a guilty nation could grant a wronged race, and the only method of compelling the South to accept the results of the war. Thus Negro suffrage ended a civil war by beginning a race feud." [3] : 33 "Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others" [ edit ] Chapters III and VI deal with education and progress. Here Du Bois argues against Booker T. Washington 's idea of focusing solely on industrial education for black men. [6] He advocates the addition of a classical education to establish leaders and educators in the black community.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p5
|
Du Bois refers to the Atlanta Compromise as the "most notable of Mr. Washington's career," and "the old attitude of adjustment and submission." Du Bois claims that Washington wants black people to give up three things: political power, insistence on civil rights, and higher education. He fears that, if black people "concentrate all their energies on industrial education, the accumulation of wealth, and the conciliation of the South," this will lead to 1) The disenfranchisement of the Negro, 2) The legal creation of a distinct status of civil inferiority for the Negro, and 3) The steady withdrawal of aid from institutions for the higher training of the Negro." By Washington focusing on "common-school and industrial training," he "depreciates institutions of higher learning," where "teachers, professional men, and leaders" are trained. [3] : 37, 43–46 "But so far as Mr. Washington apologizes for injustice, North or South, does not rightly value the privilege and duty of voting, opposes the higher training and ambition of our brighter minds,—so far as he, the South, or the Nation, does this,—we must unceasingly and firmly oppose them." [3] : 50 Note: By the time Du Bois published his book, most of the former Confederate states had completed disenfranchisement of blacks, led by Mississippi in 1890, by constitutional amendments and other laws raising barriers to voter registration, primarily through poll taxes, residency and recordkeeping requirements, subjective literacy tests and other devices. Virginia passed similar laws in 1908. By excluding blacks from political life, southern legislatures were able to pass Jim Crow laws and other discriminatory methods.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p6
|
"Of the Meaning of Progress" [ edit ] In the fourth chapter, "Of the Meaning of Progress", Du Bois explores his experiences first, when he was teaching in Tennessee. Secondly he returned after 10 years and found the town where he had worked had suffered many unpleasant changes. [7] He says: "My log schoolhouse was gone. In its place stood Progress; and Progress, I understand, is necessarily ugly." [3] : 59 "I was a Fisk student then, and all Fisk me thought that Tennessee-beyond the Veil- was theirs alone, and in vacation time they sallied forth in lusty bands to meet the county school-commissioners." [3] : 51 Yet, he states, after meeting with the commissioner, "but even then fell the awful shadow of the Veil, for they ate first, then I-alone." [3] : 53 "I have called my tiny community a world, and so its isolation made it; and yet there was among us but a half-awakened common consciousness, sprung from common joy and grief, at burial, birth, or wedding; from a common hardship in poverty, poor land, and low wages; and, above all, from the sight of the Veil that hung between us and Opportunity." [3] : 57 "Of the Wings of Atalanta" [ edit ] The fifth chapter is a meditation on the necessity of widespread higher education in the South.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p7
|
Du Bois compares Atlanta , the City of a Hundred Hills, to Atalanta , and warns against the "greed of gold," or "interpreting the world in dollars." The "Black World beyond the Veil", should not succumb "Truth, Beauty, and Goodness," to the ideal of wealth attainment in public schools. [3] : 66–63 "...beyond the Veil are smaller but like problems of ideals, of leaders and the led, of serfdom, of poverty, of order and subordination, and, through all, the Veil of Race." [3] : 66–67 He admonishes readers to "Teach workers to work, and Teach thinkers to think." "The need of the South is knowledge and culture," he says: [3] : 71–72 "And to make men, we must have ideals, broad, pure, and inspiring ends of living,—not sordid money-getting, not apples of gold." [3] : 72 "Of the Training of Black Men" [ edit ] Du Bois discusses how "to solve the problem of training men for life," especially as it relates to the Negro, who "hang between them and a light a veil so thick, that they shall not even think of breaking through." Du Bois cites the progress of Southern education, consisting of army schools, mission schools, and schools of the Freedman's Bureau, from the end of the Civil War until 1876. Then complete school systems were established including Normal schools and colleges, followed by the industrial revolution in the South from 1885 to 1895, and its industrial schools. Yet, he asks, "Is Not life more than meat, and the body more than raiment?" [3] : 75–79
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p8
|
Du Bois asserts: "...education that encourages aspiration, that sets the loftiest of ideals and seeks as an end culture and character rather than bread-winning," is the right of the black as well as the white. He goes on to state, "If the Negro was to learn, he must teach himself," and cites the 30,000 black teachers created in one generation who "wiped out the illiteracy of the majority of the black people of the land, and they made Tuskegee possible." [3] : 79–89 Additionally, 2500 Negroes had received a bachelor's degree, of whom 53% became teachers or leaders of educational systems, 17% became clergymen, 17% mainly physicians, 6% merchants, farmers and artisans; and 4% in government service. From 1875 to 1880, there were 22 Negro graduates from Northern colleges and 143 from Southern Negro colleges. From 1895 to 1900, Northern colleges graduated 100 Negros and over 500 graduated from Southern Negro colleges. Du Bois concludes by stating that the "...inevitable problems of civilization the Negro must meet and solve largely for himself." [3] : 79–89 "The function of the Negro college, then, is clear: it must maintain the standards of popular education, it must seek the social regeneration of the Negro, and it must help in the solution of problems of race contact and co-operation. And finally, beyond all this, it must develop men." [3] : 89–90
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p9
|
"Of the Black Belt" [ edit ] Du Bois calls Albany, Georgia , in Dougherty County , the "heart of the Black Belt." He says: "Here are the remnants of the vast plantations." [3] : 93–94, 96 "How curious a land is this,- how full of untold story, of tragedy and laughter, and the rich legacy of human life; shadowed with a tragic past, and big with future promise!" [3] : 100 Yet, he notes, it is not far from "where Sam Hose was crucified" [in a lynching], "to-day the centre of the Negro problem,-the centre of those nine million men who are America's dark heritage from slavery and the slave-trade." He continues: "Careless ignorance and laziness here, fierce hate and vindictiveness there,—these are the extremes of the Negro problem which we met that day, and we scarce knew which we preferred." [3] : 92, 106 "Of the Quest of the Golden Fleece" [ edit ] Speaking of the cotton fields from "Carolina to Texas", Du Bois claims an analogy between the "ancient and modern "Quest of the Golden Fleece in the Black Sea." Continuing his discussion of Dougherty County, he explains that of the 1500 Negro families around Albany in 1898, many families have 8–10 individuals in one- or two-room homes. These families are plagued with "easy marriage and easy separation," a vestige of slavery, which the Negro church has done much to prevent "a broken household." He claims that most of the black population is "poor and ignorant," more than 80 percent, though "fairly honest and well meaning." "Two-thirds of them cannot read or write," and 80 percent of the men, women and children are farmers. [3] : 111–118
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p10
|
Economically, the Negro has become a slave of debt, says Du Bois. He describes the economic classes: the "submerged tenth" of croppers , 40 percent are metayers or "tenant on shares" with a chattel mortgage , 39 percent are semi-metayers and wage-laborers, while 5 percent are money-renters, and 6 percent freeholders . Finally, du Bois states that only 6 percent "have succeeded in emerging into peasant proprietorship", leading to a "migration to town", the "buying of small homesteads near town". [3] : 123, 128, 132 "Of the Sons of Master and Man" [ edit ] This chapter discusses "race-contact", specifically as it relates to physical proximity, economic and political relations, intellectual contact, social contact, and religious enterprise. As for physical proximity, Du Bois states there is an obvious "physical color-line" in Southern communities separating whites from Negroes, and a Black Belt in larger areas of the country. He says that here is a need for "Negro leaders of character and intelligence" to help guide Negro communities along the path out of the current economic situation. The power of the ballot is necessary, he asserts, as "in every state the best arbiters of their own welfare are the persons directly affected." He says that "the police system of the South was primarily designed to control slaves," and Negroes viewed its "courts as a means of reenslaving the blacks." Regarding social contact, Du Bois states "there is almost no community of intellectual life or point of transference where the thoughts and feelings of one race can come into direct contact and sympathy with thoughts and feelings of the other." He concludes that "the future of the South depends on the ability of the representatives of these opposing views to see and appreciate and sympathize with each other's position." [3] : 134–135, 140–141, 144–145, 152
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p11
|
"Of the Faith of the Fathers" [ edit ] In Chapter X, Du Bois describes the rise of the black church and examines the history and contemporary state of religion and spiritualism among African Americans. After recounting his first exposure to the Southern Negro revival , Du Bois notes three things that characterize this religion: the Preacher, the Music, and the Frenzy—the Frenzy or Shouting being "when the Spirit of the Lord passed by, and, seizing the devotee, made him mad with supernatural joy." Du Bois says that the Negro church is the social center of Negro life. Predominately Methodists or Baptists after Emancipation, when Emancipation finally, came Du Bois states, it seemed to the freedman a literal "Coming of the Lord". [3] : 154–157, 164 "Of the Passing of the First-Born" [ edit ] The final chapters of the book are devoted to narratives of individuals. In Chapter XI, "Of the Passing of the First-Born", Du Bois recounts the birth of his first child, a son, and his untimely death as an infant. Du Bois comments, "Why was his hair tinted with gold? An evil omen was golden hair in my life." He says, "I saw his breath beat quicker and quicker, pause, and then his little soul leapt like a star that travels in the night and left a world of darkness in its train. [3] : 170, 172
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p12
|
Du Bois ends with, "Sleep, then, child,—sleep till I sleep and waken to a baby voice and the ceaseless patter of little feet-above the Veil." [3] : 175 "Of Alexander Crummell" [ edit ] In this chapter, Du Bois recounts a short biography of Alexander Crummell , an early black priest in the Episcopal Church. Du Bois starts with, "This is the history of a human heart." He notes that Crummell faced three temptations: those of Hate, Despair, and Doubt," while crossing two vales, the Valley of Humiliation and the Valley of the Shadow of Death." [3] : 176 Du Bois ends with, "And now that he is gone, I sweep the Veil away and cry, Lo! the soul to whose dear memory I bring this little tribute." [3] : 185 "Of the Coming of John" [ edit ] The penultimate chapter, "Of the Coming of John", is fictional. Du Bois tells about John, an African American from Altamaha, Georgia , who is sent to a good school. When he returns to his place, he discovers that "[l]ittle had they understood of what he said, for he spoke an unknown tongue" (Du Bois 170). John's return to the South has made him a foreigner in his own home. After he attempts to teach a class for the local children, John is compared to a different John, the son of wealthy Judge Henderson. John Henderson has become bored after his own return from college. He begins to sexually assault Jennie, the sister of black John, when the young white man sees her outside his home. John kills white John and bids his mother goodbye. In the final part of the story, there is an implication that he is about to be lynched by a gathering mob, and John "softly hum[s] the 'Song of the Bride ' " in German. (Du Bois 176).
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p13
|
"The Sorrow Songs" [ edit ] Chapter XIV, "The Sorrow Songs", is about Negro music. He refers to the short musical passages at the beginning of each of the other chapters. Du Bois mentions that the music was so powerful and meaningful that, regardless of the people's appearance and teaching, "their hearts were human and their singing stirred men with a mighty power." [3] : 205 Du Bois concludes the chapter by bringing up inequality, race and discrimination. He says, "Your country? How came it yours?..we were here". [8] Du Bois heralds the "melody of the slave songs", or the Negro spirituals, as the "articulate message of the slave to the world." They are the music, he contends, not of the joyous black slave, as a good many whites had misread them, but "of an unhappy people, of the children of disappointment; they tell of death and suffering and unvoiced longing toward a truer world, of misty wanderings and hidden ways." [9] For Du Bois, the sorrow songs represented a black folk culture—with its origins in slavery—unadulterated by the civilizing impulses of a northern black church, increasingly obsessed with respectability and with Western aesthetic criteria. [10] Rather than vestiges of a backward time that should be purged from black repertoires and isolated from what Alain Locke called the "modernization of the negro" (coincident, for Locke, with urbanization), negro spirituals are—for Du Bois—where the souls of black folk past and present are found.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p14
|
Du Bois passionately advocated for the preservation of the spiritual, along with Antonín Dvořák and contemporary black aestheticians, including Harry Burleigh , Robert Nathaniel Dett , Alain Locke and Zora Neale Hurston . [11] It is in the retrieval of black cultural folkways—particularly "The Sorrow Songs"—that one of the major complications of Du Bois's project and, later, the Harlem Renaissance (where Hurston and Locke [12] debut their own retrievals) surfaces. For Du Bois's contention that the sorrow songs contain a notative excess, and untranscribable element Yolanda Pierce identifies as the "soul" of the sorrow songs. [13] The mappings of sound and signs that make up the languages of white Western culture would prove insufficient to many black literary critics of the 1920s and beyond, and the debates over the abilities to retrieve and preserve black folkways find their roots in Du Bois's treatment of the sorrow songs and in his call for their rescue. Critical reception [ edit ] In Living Black History , Du Bois's biographer Manning Marable observes: Few books make history and fewer still become foundational texts for the movements and struggles of an entire people. The Souls of Black Folk occupies this rare position. It helped to create the intellectual argument for the black freedom struggle in the twentieth century. "Souls" justified the pursuit of higher education for Negroes and thus contributed to the rise of the black middle class . By describing a global color-line, Du Bois anticipated pan-Africanism and colonial revolutions in the Third World . Moreover, this stunning critique of how 'race' is lived through the normal aspects of daily life is central to what would become known as ' whiteness studies ' a century later. [14]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p15
|
At the time of its publication, the Nashville Banner warned of The Souls of Black Folk , "This book is dangerous for the Negro to read, for it will only incite discontent and fill his imagination with things that do not exist, or things that should not bear upon his mind." [15] The New York Times said, "A review of [the work of the Freedmen's Bureau] from the negro point of view, even the Northern negro's point of view, must have its value to any unprejudiced student—still more, perhaps, for the prejudiced who is yet willing to be a student." [16] In his introduction to the 1961 edition, writer Saunders Redding observed, "The boycott of the buses in Montgomery had many roots . . . but none more important than this little book of essays published more than half a century ago." [15] Literary reception [ edit ] As Yale professor Hazel Carby points out, for black writers before the abolition of slavery in 1865, it was impossible "even to imagine the option of returning to the South once black humanity and freedom had been gained in the North", and it was rarely found in later literature as well. [17] While the narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs move towards the North and freedom, Du Bois reverses "the direction of the archetypal journey of these original narratives" and focuses on the Black Belt of the South. [17] Although the text "consistently shifts between a predominantly white and a predominantly black world", in line with Du Bois's concept of double consciousness, "its overall narrative impulse gradually moves the focus from a white terrain to an autonomous black one." [18]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p16
|
Carby traces the ways in which Du Bois gendered his narrative of black folk, but also how Du Bois's conceptual framework is gendered as well. According to Carby, it seems that Du Bois in this book is most concerned with how race and nation intersect, and how such an intersection is based on particular masculine notions of progress. According to Carby, Du Bois "exposes and exploits the tension that exists between the internal egalitarianism of the nation and the relations of domination and subordination embodied in a racially encoded social hierarchy." So Du Bois makes a conceptual argument that racialization is actually compatible with the nation in so far as it creates unified races. However, this unified race is only possible through the gendered narrative that he constructs throughout Souls , which renders black male intellectuals (himself) as the (only possible) leader(s) of the unified race. Carby explains that "in order to retain his credentials for leadership, Du Bois had to situate himself as both an exceptional and a representative individual.... The terms and conditions of his exceptionalism, Du Bois argues, have their source in his formation as a gendered intellectual." [19] According to Carby, Du Bois was concerned with "the reproduction of Race Men". In other words, "the figure of the intellectual and race leader is born of and engendered by other males." [20]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p17
|
Such a reading of Du Bois calls attention to "queer meanings" that, according to Charles Nero, are inherent in Souls . Nero, who uses Anne Herrmann's definition of queer, conceptualizes queerness as the "recognition on the part of others that one is not like others, a subject out of order, not in sequence, not working." [21] Foundational to Nero's argument is the understanding that men have the authority to exchange women among one another in order to form a "homosocial contract". Nero analyzes Du Bois's discussion on the Teutonic and Submissive Man to conclude that such a contract would lead to a "round and full development" to produce a "great civilization". However, Nero is concerned with violence and the "rigid policing of sexual identity categories at the turn of the century", which ultimately made such a homosocial, biracial contract impossible. [21] Nero marks "Of the Coming of John" as a central chapter that demonstrates his queer reading of Souls . Nero argues that John Jones's absence of masculinity is a sign of his queerness and that the killing of his "double" represents Du Bois's disillusionment with the idea that a biracial and homosocial society can exist. [21] Cultural and religious criticism [ edit ] Du Bois had transdisciplinary training and he provided a historical context for black religion and culture. His concept of "double-consciousness" and other concepts from Souls have been highly influential on other scholars in their interpretations of black culture and religion. Cheryl Sanders, a professor of Christian ethics at Howard University School of Divinity, lists a "who's who" of Du Bois progeny in her scholarly work, including Paul Gilroy , C. Eric Lincoln , Lawrence Mamiya, Peter Paris, Emilie Townes and Cornel West . These are some of the scholars who take up themes or concepts found in Souls for their own work in religious and theological studies or cultural criticism. [22] Additionally, Victor Anderson, a philosophical theologian and cultural critic at Vanderbilt University Divinity School and the author of Beyond Ontological Blackness: An Essay on African American Religious and Cultural Criticism , links concepts from Souls to much of the work in black religious studies.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p18
|
In Beyond Ontological Blackness , Victor Anderson seeks to critique a trope of "black heroic genius" articulated within the logics of ontological blackness as a philosophy of racial consciousness. [23] At the center of this conception is Du Bois. Anderson says, "W. E. B. Du Bois's double-consciousness depiction of black existence has come to epitomize the existential determinants of black self-consciousness. These alienated forms of black consciousness have been categorically defined in African-American cultural studies as: The Negro Problem, The Color Line, Black Experience, Black Power, The Veil of Blackness, Black Radicalism, and most recently, The Black Sacred Cosmos." [23] Anderson's critique of black heroic genius and a move towards black cultural fulfillment is an attempt to move beyond the categories deployed by Du Bois in Souls . Similarly, Sanders critiques Du Bois's concept of double-consciousness, especially in terms of interpreting black holiness-Pentecostalism. In Sanders's work, Saints in Exile: The Holiness-Pentecostal Experience in African American Religion and Culture , Sanders deploys a dialectical understanding of exile, which she characterizes in black holiness-Pentecostal terms as "Being in the world, but not of it." [24] At the same time, Sanders wishes to contrast this to the double-consciousness dialect of Du Bois, at least as she understands it. For Sanders, "exilic dialectics" is "hoped to represent a progressive step beyond the 'double-consciousness' described by W. E. B. Du Bois in 1903, which persists as the dominant paradigm in African American religious and cultural thought." [25]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p19
|
Describing exilic consciousness as between "both-and", and double-consciousness as "either-or", Sanders says that those who live in exile "can find equilibrium and fulfillment between extremes, whereas adherents to the latter either demand resolution or suffer greatly in the tension, as is the case with Du Bois's description of the agony of 'double-consciousness,' as 'two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.'" [22] Textual changes [ edit ] In 1953, The Souls of Black Folk was published in a special "Fiftieth Anniversary Jubilee Edition". In his introduction, Du Bois wrote that in the 50 years since its publication, he occasionally had the inclination to revise the book but ultimately decided to leave it as it was, "as a monument to what I thought and felt in 1903". While he stuck by his decision, he wrote that in the new edition he had made "less than a half-dozen alterations in word or phrase and then not to change my thoughts as previously set down but to avoid any possible misunderstanding today of what I meant to say yesterday." [26] In 1973, historian Herbert Aptheker identified seven changes between the editions. Historian and literary critic Henry Louis Gates Jr. and a team of readers performed a line-by-line comparison of the two editions during the 1980s and identified two more changes. All the changes are minor; the longest was to change "nephews and poor whites and the Jews" to "poor relations and foreign immigrants". In six of the nine changes, Du Bois changed references to Jews to refer to immigrants or foreigners. Two of the other changes also involved references to Jews. [27]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p20
|
Du Bois wrote to Aptheker in February 1953 about concerns he had with his references to Jews in the book: I have had a chance to read [ The Souls of Black Folk ] in part for the first time in years. I find in chapters VII, VII and IX, five incidental references to Jews. I recall that years ago, Jacob Schiff wrote me criticising these references and that I denied any thought of race or religious prejudice and promised to go over the passages in future editions. These editions succeeded each other without any consultation with me, and evidently the matter slipped out of my mind. As I re-read these words today, I see that harm might come if they were allowed to stand as they are. First of all, I am not at all sure that the foreign exploiters to whom I referred ... were in fact Jews.... But even if they were, what I was condemning was the exploitation and not the race nor religion. And I did not, when writing, realize that by stressing the name of the group instead of what some members of the [group] may have done, I was unjustly maligning a people in exactly the same way my folk were then and are now falsely accused. In view of this and because of the even greater danger of injustice now than then, I want in the event of re-publication [to] change those passages. [28]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p21
|
In a March 1953 letter to Blue Heron Press, Du Bois asked that the following paragraph be added to the end of "Of the Black Belt": In the foregoing chapter, "Jews" have been mentioned five times, and the late Jacob Schiff once complained that this gave an impression of anti-Semitism. This at the time I stoutly denied; but as I read the passages again in the light of subsequent history, I see how I laid myself open to this possible misapprehension. What, of course, I meant to condemn was the exploitation of black labor and that it was in this country and at that time in part a matter of immigrant Jews, was incidental and not essential. My inner sympathy with the Jewish people was expressed better in the last paragraph of page 152. But this illustrates how easily one slips into unconscious condemnation of a whole group. [29] The publisher did not add the paragraph, perhaps because Du Bois changed the text instead. [30] Footnotes [ edit ] ^ Edwards, Brent Hayes (2007). "Introduction". The Souls of Black Folk . Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. xx. ISBN 978-0-19-280678-9 . ^ a b Edwards (2007). "Introduction". The Souls of Black Folk . p. xxi. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). The Souls of Black Folk . New York: Penguin. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0140189988 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p22
|
^ Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Folk . 1903. "Chap. I: Of Our Spiritual Strivings" , at Bartleby.com ^ Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). The Souls of Black Folk . New York: Bantam Classic. p. 197. ^ Stocker, Maureen S. "Educational Theory of Booker T. Washington" . New Foundations . ^ Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). The Souls of Black Folk . pp. 49–57. ISBN 978-0758331403 . ^ Du Bois, W. E. B. 1903. The Souls of Black Folk . 1903. "XIV. The Sorrow Songs" . Bartleby.com . Retrieved September 27, 2016 . ^ Du Bois, W. E. B. (1903). The Souls of Black Folk . New York: Bantam Classic. pp. 116, 117. ^ Baldwin, Davarian L. (2007). Chicago's New Negroes: Modernity, the Great Migration, and Black Urban Life . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 160. ^ Baldwin (2007). Chicago's New Negroes . p. 161. ^ Sundquist, Eric J. (1993). To Wake the Nations: Race in the Making of American Literature . Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 468–470 . ^ Pierce, Yolanda (2003). "The Soul of Du Bois's Black Folk" . The North Star . Princeton University . Retrieved March 22, 2013 . ^ Marable, Manning (2011), Living Black History: How Reimagining the African-American Past Can Remake America's Racial Future , p. 96. ISBN 9780465043958 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p23
|
^ a b "Books Noted". Negro Digest : 52. June 1964. ^ "The Negro Question" . The New York Times . April 25, 1903 . Retrieved February 16, 2017 . ^ a b Carby, Hazel V. Race Men . Cambridge, MA, London: Harvard University Press, 1998. p. 16. ^ Carby, Race Men , 1998. p. 17. ^ Carby, Race Men , 1998. pp. 30–31. ^ Carby, Hazel V. Race Men . Cambridge, MA, London: Harvard University Press, 1998. pp. 25–26. ^ a b c Nero, Charles, "Queering the Souls of Black Folk," Public Cultures 17, no. 2 (2005). ^ a b Sanders, Cheryl J. (1999). Saints in Exile: The Holiness-Pentecostal Experience in African American Religion and Culture . London: Oxford. p. 125. ISBN 978-0195131017 . ^ a b Anderson, Victor (1995). Beyond Ontological Blackness: An Essay on African American Religious and Cultural Criticism . New York: Continuum. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-0826408655 . ^ Sanders (1999). Saints in Exile: The Holiness-Pentecostal Experience in African American Religion and Culture . pp. 5–6. ^ Sanders, Cheryl J. (1999). Saints in Exile: The Holiness-Pentecostal Experience in African American Religion and Culture . London: Oxford. p. 124. ISBN 978-0195131017 . ^ Du Bois, W. E. B. (2007) [1953]. "Fifty Years After". The Souls of Black Folk . Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-19-280678-9 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p24
|
^ Edwards, Brent Hayes (2007). "Note on the Text". The Souls of Black Folk . Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. xxv. ISBN 978-0-19-280678-9 . ^ Du Bois, W. E. B. (February 27, 1953). " The Souls of Black Folk ". Letter to Herbert Aptheker . , cited in Edwards, Brent Hayes (2007). "Note on the Text". The Souls of Black Folk . p. xxvi. ^ Du Bois, W. E. B. (March 16, 1953). " The Souls of Black Folk ". Letter to Blue Heron Press. , cited in Edwards (2007). "Note on the Text". The Souls of Black Folk . p. xxvi. ^ Edwards (2007). "Note on the Text". The Souls of Black Folk . p. xxvi. Further reading [ edit ] Aberjhani (ed.), The Wisdom of W. E. B. Du Bois. New York: Citadel Press/Kensington Books, 2013. Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Terri Hume Oliver (eds.), The Souls of Black Folk: Authoritative Text, Contexts, Criticism. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 1999. Donald B. Gibson, "Introduction" to The Souls of Black Folk. New York: Penguin Books, 1996. Randall Kenan, "Introduction" to The Souls of Black Folk. New York: New American Library/Signet, 1995. Richardson, Mark. The Wings of Atalanta: Essays Written Along the Color Line (pages 73-109). Rochester, New York: Camden House, 2019. ISBN 9781571132390 Stephanie J. Shaw, W. E. B. Du Bois and "The Souls of Black Folk." Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p25
|
External links [ edit ] Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Souls of Black Folk The Souls of Black Folk at Project Gutenberg Study resource for The Souls of Black Folk Essays and sketches The Souls of Black Folk public domain audiobook at LibriVox v t e W. E. B. Du Bois Life W.E.B. Du Bois Boyhood Homesite Niagara Movement NAACP (co-founder) The Crisis magazine The Brownies' Book magazine Pan-African Congress Fisk University protest (1924–1925) W. E. B. Du Bois Memorial Centre for Pan African Culture (home, burial site, and memorial) Non-fiction " The Study of the Negro Problems " (1898) The Philadelphia Negro (1899) The Souls of Black Folk (1903) The Negro in the South (1907) John Brown (1909) The Negro (1915) Darkwater: Voices from Within the Veil (1920) Black Reconstruction in America (1935) Dusk of Dawn (1940) Fiction " The Comet " (1920) Dark Princess (1928) Honors W. E. B. Du Bois Library W.E.B. Du Bois Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award W. E. B. Du Bois Institute Related Shirley Graham Du Bois (second wife) Yolande Du Bois (daughter) Encyclopedia Africana The Negro Problem (1903 book) The Talented Tenth Color line Double consciousness W.E.B. Du Bois Clubs of America NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1289 Cached time: 20191107201346 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.460 seconds
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p26
|
Real time usage: 0.586 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3514/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 65619/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2574/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/40 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 81427/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.187/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4.81 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 506.402 1 -total 54.64% 276.683 1 Template:Reflist 31.70% 160.515 18 Template:Cite_book 22.46% 113.751 1 Template:Infobox_book 16.44% 83.246 1 Template:Infobox 7.95% 40.249 2 Template:ISBN 3.38% 17.100 4 Template:Cite_web 3.38% 17.096 1 Template:Wikidata_image 3.34% 16.893 2 Template:Cite_letter 3.25% 16.449 1 Template:W._E._B._Du_Bois Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:1780163-0!canonical and timestamp 20191107201346 and revision id 925092229 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Souls_of_Black_Folk&oldid=925092229 " Categories : 1903 books English-language books Essay collections Sociology books Pan-Africanism Works by W. E. B. Du Bois Books about race and ethnicity American non-fiction books Hidden categories: CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty Articles with Project Gutenberg links Articles with LibriVox links Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191115084856id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Souls_of_Black_Folk_p27
|
In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Asturianu Español Français Lingála Português Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Edit links This page was last edited on 7 November 2019, at 20:13 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Cookie statement Mobile view
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p0
|
Bridget Marquardt - Wikipedia CentralNotice Bridget Marquardt From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Bridget Marquardt" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( September 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Bridget Marquardt Marquardt in September 2011 Born Bridget Christina Sandmeier ( 1973-09-25 ) September 25, 1973 (age 47) Tillamook, Oregon , U.S. Alma mater California State University, Sacramento Occupation Television personality, model Years active 1998–present Height 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m) [1] Spouse(s) Chad Marquardt ( m. 1997; div. 2008) Partner(s) Hugh Hefner (2002–2009) Nicholas Carpenter (2008-present) Bridget Christina Marquardt ( née Sandmeier ; born September 25, 1973) is an American television personality and model, known for her role in the reality TV series The Girls Next Door , which depicted her life as one of Playboy founder Hugh Hefner 's girlfriends. Although not a Playboy Playmate , Marquardt has appeared in nude pictorials with her Girls Next Door co-stars and fellow Hefner girlfriends Holly Madison and Kendra Wilkinson . Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Personal life 4 Filmography 4.1 Films
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p1
|
4.2 Television 4.3 Video games 5 References 6 External links Early life [ edit ] Marquardt was born Bridget Christina Sandmeier in Tillamook, Oregon . Shortly after her birth, Marquardt's mother moved the family back to California, where Marquardt was raised. Her parents divorced when Marquardt was in the fifth grade. Her mother remarried, and Marquardt and her younger brother Edward moved to their stepfather's ranch, where they later gained a half-sister, Anastasia. Marquardt attended Galt High School for her freshman and sophomore years and then transferred to Lodi High School , from which she graduated in 1990. [2] Marquardt graduated from San Joaquin Delta College with an associate degree. She matriculated at California State University, Sacramento and graduated in 1998 with a B.A. in communications and an emphasis on public relations. In 2001, she earned her Master's Degree in Communications from the University of the Pacific in Stockton, California . [2] She later took a graduate level course in broadcast journalism through UCLA Extension, which was depicted on the first season of The Girls Next Door , most notably when she had to be absent from her first Playboy shoot in order to take her final exam. [ citation needed ] Career [ edit ] Marquard alongside Hugh Hefner and Holly Madison , 2007 On the advice of friends who suggested she pose for Playboy magazine, Marquardt sent a letter to Playboy , inquiring how to become a Playmate , before enrolling at San Joaquin Delta College . In 1998, aged 25, she entered Playboy's Millennium Playmate search. In 2001, Marquardt moved to Los Angeles, California and did local modeling jobs and small acting roles. After unsuccessfully testing twice for Playboy , she was invited to the Playboy Mansion and soon became a regular there. In October 2002, after more than a year of visiting the Mansion, she was invited to move in and become one of Hefner's girlfriends. [ citation needed ]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p2
|
Marquardt is featured on the E! TV show The Girls Next Door , and has appeared with Holly Madison and Kendra Wilkinson in three cover pictorials in Playboy magazine, the November 2005, September 2006 and March 2008 issues. She has appeared in several films, including the horror/comedy Kottentail in which she portrays a scientist doing genetic research on rabbits. She appeared in an episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm as herself along with Madison and Hefner in 2005. She also appeared as herself along with Madison, Wilkinson and Hefner in the Entourage episode " Aquamansion ". The episode's final act took place at the Playboy Mansion. She appeared in The House Bunny with her fellow models and Hefner alongside Anna Faris . [ citation needed ] Marquardt appeared in a 2002 episode of The Man Show as one of Hefner's playmates in the video game Playboy: The Mansion , which was released in January 2005, as well as in an episode of Celebrity Paranormal Project which aired on November 19, 2006. She took an online paranormal course because of her interest in paranormal activity. On June 1, 2007, she started her Bridget & Wednesday Friday Show on Sirius Radio 's Playboy station. In August of that year, she, Madison and Wilkinson appeared in the music video for Nickelback song " Rockstar ". Later that October, Marquardt appeared as a contestant on the Fox Reality cable show The Search for the Next Elvira . She was one of the final six out of 20 contestants. [ citation needed ]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p3
|
Marquardt at LA Direct Magazine's "Remember to Give" Holiday Party in December 2007 in Hollywood In 2008, Marquardt appeared on an episode of NBC's Last Comic Standing along with Wilkinson and Madison in an episode in which the girls were told funny "bedtime stories" by the competing comics. In June of that year, Marquardt landed her own TV series, Bridget's Sexiest Beaches , which aired on the Travel Channel. [3] Marquardt and the rest of the Girls Next Door appeared in a July 1, 2008 episode of NBC's Celebrity Family Feud . [4] February 2009 was Marquardt's final appearance in Playboy, in a nude photo spread shot with Madison and Wilkinson that was touted as a farewell to the Girls Next Door . After leaving Playboy, she hosted Bridget's Sexiest Beaches , a TV series on Travel Channel , which debuted on March 12, 2009, but ended after one season. [ citation needed ] In April 2010, Marquardt announced plans for her own reality show. The pilot was to begin shooting in April and would cover her life after leaving the Playboy Mansion, and on her current relationships. [5] In March 2011, she announced via Twitter that E! had decided to not pick up her reality show but stated that she was looking forward to other opportunities. [6] In 2012, she worked as a contributor to Yahoo 's Animal Nation series, writing articles and shooting related short documentary pieces. [7]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p4
|
Bridget is a paranormal investigator and in early 2019 she started the podcast GHOST MAGNET with Bridget Marquardt. [ citation needed ] Personal life [ edit ] Bridget Marquard In the September 17, 2007 issue of Star magazine, Marquardt stated that she was married, but separated and had been living in the Playboy mansion since October 2002. According to the interview, her husband supported her move to Los Angeles, that they remained friends, and that they were in the process of divorcing. [8] On September 25, 2008, Bridget told E! News, "I married my best friend when I was 23, but when I realized I wanted to move to LA to follow my dreams, we separated and eventually divorced." [9] In a December 2008 interview, Marquardt stated that she was single, [10] and in early January 2009, it was reported that Marquardt had moved out of the Playboy Mansion to "become her own person." [11] In late 2008, Marquardt began dating director Nicholas Carpenter , son of original Mercury astronaut Scott Carpenter . They live together in a house Marquardt purchased in Sherman Oaks . [12] The pair became engaged in the fall of 2015. [13] As seen on various episodes of The Girls Next Door , Marquardt has a Pekingese dog named Wednesday, or "Winnie", [14] and a black Persian cat named Gizmo. Gizmo died in June 2015. [15] [16]
|