id
stringlengths 15
4.64k
| text
stringlengths 0
1.02M
|
|---|---|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p5
|
Filmography [ edit ] Films [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2003 Intolerable Cruelty Santa Fe Tart 2004 Kottentail Scarlet Salenger Straight-to-DVD 2006 Tomorrow's Yesterday Crystal Scary Movie 4 Herself Cameo 2008 Black Friday Maria Hillburg (Pre-production) The House Bunny Herself Minor role 2009 The Telling Eva DeMarco 2010 AppleBox Mrs. Bronson Post-production Television [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2005 The Girls Next Door Herself Seasons 1–5; 79 episodes Curb Your Enthusiasm Episode: "The Smoking Jacket" Entourage Episode: "Aquamansion" 2006 Robot Chicken Episode: "Drippy Pony" Celebrity Paranormal Project Episode: "Tanner's Ghost" 2007 The Apprentice: Los Angeles Episode: "Pink is the New Black" Identity General Hospital The Tyra Banks Show The Ellen DeGeneres Show The Search for the Next Elvira Phenomenon WWE Raw 2008 Indyfans and the Quest for Fortune and Glory Today Episode dated June 24, 2008 (uncredited) Celebrity Family Feud Vincent Pastore vs. The Girls Next Door, Kathie Lee Gifford vs. Dog the Bounty Hunter America United: In Support of Our Troops Fox Reality Really Awards 2009 Bridget's Sexiest Beaches Kendra 2010 Holly's World 2011 Top Gear US Season 2, episode 7 Celebrity Ghost Stories Video games [ edit ] Year Title Role Notes 2011 Postal 3 Postal Babe Voice References [ edit ] ^ "Facts on Bridget Marquardt" . Archived from the original on December 3, 2009 . Retrieved October 12, 2009 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p6
|
^ a b [1] , Bridget Marquardt Official Site Bio. Retrieved September 19, 2008. ^ Charlene Cheng (July 8, 2008). "GIRLS NEXT DOOR'S BRIDGET LANDS TRAVEL SHOW" . IFMagazine. Archived from the original on July 12, 2008 . Retrieved July 9, 2008 . ^ Christopher Rocchio (June 11, 2008). "NBC reveals 'Celebrity Family Feud's reality star-heavy celebrity cast" . RealityTVWorld . Retrieved June 17, 2008 . ^ "Entertainment News, Celebrity Gossip, Celebrity News - E! News UK" . E! Online . ^ Bridget [@BunnyBridget] (March 23, 2011). "E! has not take off" (Tweet) . Retrieved January 21, 2012 – via Twitter . ^ "Health - Yahoo Lifestyle" . shine.yahoo.com . ^ "Star magazine: Star Exclusive: The Girls Next Door's Bridget Tells All!" . Archived from the original on October 3, 2007 . Retrieved October 3, 2007 . ^ "Bridget speaks out on rumors". E!. September 25, 2008. ^ "[[Robin Leach]]. "Morning Call Exclusive and Photo Gallery: The Girls Next Door talk about love, romance and a (mostly) clothed future" Las Vegas Weekly ; December 23, 2008" . Archived from the original on May 15, 2014 . Retrieved January 13, 2009 . ^ "Hefner's new girls move to Playboy Mansion" . The Times of India. January 14, 2009 . Retrieved January 14, 2009 . ^ Lauren Beale. "Actress/model Bridget Marquardt buys in Sherman Oaks" Los Angeles Times August 22, 2009 [ permanent dead link ]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p7
|
^ "Hugh Hefner's Ex Bridget Marquardt Is Engaged! See Her Spider Ring" . October 1, 2015. ^ "What Kind of Carrier is that Bridget Marquardt?" Celebrity Dog Watcher, October 3, 2007 Archived November 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine ^ "Log In or Sign Up to View" . www.facebook.com . ^ Marquardt mentioned Gizmo's breed in the opening act of the series premiere of The Girls Next Door . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bridget Marquardt . Bridget Marquardt on IMDb v t e The Girls Next Door Starring Crystal Harris (2009-2010) Kristina and Karissa Shannon (2009) Holly Madison (2005–2009) Bridget Marquardt (2005–2009) Kendra Wilkinson (2005–2009) Production Hugh Hefner Kevin Burns E! Spin-offs Kendra (2009–2011) Holly's World (2009–2011) The Girls Next Door: The Bunny House (2010) Kendra on Top (2012–2017) Authority control ISNI : 0000 0000 5419 4307 LCCN : no2008017091 VIAF : 19479082 WorldCat Identities : lccn-no2008017091 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1324 Cached time: 20201108152835 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.672 seconds Real time usage: 0.903 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3617/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 67893/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 7588/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/40 Expensive parser function count: 9/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40048/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.332/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 10.71 MB/50 MB
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p8
|
Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 802.027 1 -total 33.34% 267.431 1 Template:Infobox_person 28.99% 232.540 1 Template:Infobox 23.26% 186.555 1 Template:Reflist 15.36% 123.166 10 Template:Cite_web 12.50% 100.230 6 Template:Citation_needed 12.06% 96.696 1 Template:Sources 10.73% 86.029 7 Template:Fix 9.79% 78.541 5 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.71% 77.850 1 Template:Ambox Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2857738-0!canonical and timestamp 20201108152835 and revision id 986908165 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bridget_Marquardt&oldid=986908165 " Categories : 1973 births Living people American female models California State University, Sacramento alumni Glamour models Participants in American reality television series People from Tillamook, Oregon People from Lodi, California University of the Pacific (United States) alumni Lodi High School (California) alumni Hidden categories: All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from November 2016 Articles with permanently dead external links Webarchive template wayback links Articles needing additional references from September 2020 All articles needing additional references Use mdy dates from January 2020 Articles with hCards All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from January 2013 Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019 Commons category link is on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p9
|
Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Namespaces Article Talk Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Variants Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Views Read Edit View history Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. More Search Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. In other projects Wikimedia Commons Please do not use role attribute as CSS selector, it is deprecated. Languages العربية Čeština Dansk Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Português Română Русский Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Edit links This page was last edited on 3 November 2020, at 18:17 (UTC) .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20201111215216id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridget_Marquardt_p10
|
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p0
|
Jack London - Wikipedia CentralNotice Jack London From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other people named Jack London, see Jack London (disambiguation) . American author, journalist, and social activist Jack London London in 1903 Born John Griffith Chaney ( 1876-01-12 ) January 12, 1876 San Francisco , California , U.S. Died November 22, 1916 (1916-11-22) (aged 40) Glen Ellen , California, U.S. Occupation Novelist , journalist , short story writer and essayist Literary movement Realism , Naturalism Spouse Elizabeth Maddern ( m. 1900 ; div. 1904 ) Charmian Kittredge ( m. 1905) Signature John Griffith London (born John Griffith Chaney ; [1] January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916) [2] [3] [4] [5] was an American novelist, journalist, and social activist. A pioneer in the world of commercial magazine fiction, he was one of the first writers to become a worldwide celebrity and earn a large fortune from writing. He was also an innovator in the genre that would later become known as science fiction . [6] His most famous works include The Call of the Wild and White Fang , both set in the Klondike Gold Rush , as well as the short stories " To Build a Fire ", "An Odyssey of the North", and "Love of Life". He also wrote about the South Pacific in stories such as "The Pearls of Parlay" and " The Heathen ".
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p1
|
London was part of the radical literary group "The Crowd" in San Francisco and a passionate advocate of unionization, socialism , and the rights of workers. He wrote several powerful works dealing with these topics, such as his dystopian novel The Iron Heel , his non-fiction exposé The People of the Abyss , and The War of the Classes . Contents 1 Family 2 Early life 3 Gold rush and first success 4 First marriage (1900–04) 5 War correspondent (1904) 6 Bohemian Club 7 Second marriage 8 Beauty Ranch (1905–16) 9 Animal activism 10 Death 10.1 Suicide debate 11 Plagiarism accusations 12 Views 12.1 Atheism 12.2 Socialism 12.3 Race 13 Works 13.1 Short stories 13.2 Novels 13.3 Apocrypha 13.3.1 Jack London Credo 13.3.2 "The Scab" 14 Publications 14.1 Novels 14.2 Short story collections 14.3 Autobiographical memoirs 14.4 Non-fiction and essays 14.5 Plays 14.6 Poetry 14.7 Short stories 15 Legacy and honors 16 Notes 17 See also 18 References 19 Bibliography 20 Further reading 21 External links Family Flora Wellman Jack London's mother, Flora Wellman, was the fifth and youngest child of Pennsylvania Canal builder Marshall Wellman and his first wife, Eleanor Garrett Jones. Marshall Wellman was descended from Thomas Wellman , an early Puritan settler in the Massachusetts Bay Colony . [7] Flora left Ohio and moved to the Pacific coast when her father remarried after her mother died. In San Francisco, Flora worked as a music teacher and spiritualist , claiming to channel the spirit of a Sauk chief, Black Hawk . [8]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p2
|
Biographer Clarice Stasz and others believe London's father was astrologer William Chaney. [9] Flora Wellman was living with Chaney in San Francisco when she became pregnant. Whether Wellman and Chaney were legally married is unknown. Stasz notes that in his memoirs, Chaney refers to London's mother Flora Wellman as having been his "wife"; he also cites an advertisement in which Flora called herself "Florence Wellman Chaney". [ citation needed ] According to Flora Wellman's account, as recorded in the San Francisco Chronicle of June 4, 1875, Chaney demanded that she have an abortion . When she refused, he disclaimed responsibility for the child. In desperation, she shot herself. She was not seriously wounded, but she was temporarily deranged. After giving birth, Flora turned the baby over for care to Virginia Prentiss, an African-American woman and former slave. She was a major maternal figure throughout London's life. Late in 1876, Flora Wellman married John London, a partially disabled Civil War veteran, and brought her baby John, later known as Jack, to live with the newly married couple. The family moved around the San Francisco Bay Area before settling in Oakland , where London completed public grade school . In 1897, when he was 21 and a student at the University of California, Berkeley , London searched for and read the newspaper accounts of his mother's suicide attempt and the name of his biological father. He wrote to William Chaney, then living in Chicago . Chaney responded that he could not be London's father because he was impotent; he casually asserted that London's mother had relations with other men and averred that she had slandered him when she said he insisted on an abortion. Chaney concluded by saying that he was more to be pitied than London. [10] London was devastated by his father's letter; in the months following, he quit school at Berkeley and went to the Klondike during the gold rush boom.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p3
|
Early life London at the age of nine with his dog Rollo, 1885 London was born near Third and Brannan Streets in San Francisco . The house burned down in the fire after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake ; the California Historical Society placed a plaque at the site in 1953. Although the family was working class, it was not as impoverished as London's later accounts claimed [ citation needed ] . London was largely self-educated [ citation needed ] . In 1885, London found and read Ouida 's long Victorian novel Signa . [11] [12] [11] He credited this as the seed of his literary success. [13] In 1886, he went to the Oakland Public Library and found a sympathetic librarian, Ina Coolbrith , who encouraged his learning. (She later became California's first poet laureate and an important figure in the San Francisco literary community). [14] In 1889, London began working 12 to 18 hours a day at Hickmott's Cannery. Seeking a way out, he borrowed money from his foster mother Virginia Prentiss, bought the sloop Razzle-Dazzle from an oyster pirate named French Frank, and became an oyster pirate himself. In his memoir, John Barleycorn , he claims also to have stolen French Frank's mistress Mamie. [15] [16] [17] After a few months, his sloop became damaged beyond repair. London hired on as a member of the California Fish Patrol .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p4
|
In 1893, he signed on to the sealing schooner Sophie Sutherland , bound for the coast of Japan. When he returned, the country was in the grip of the panic of '93 and Oakland was swept by labor unrest. After grueling jobs in a jute mill and a street-railway power plant, London joined Coxey's Army and began his career as a tramp. In 1894, he spent 30 days for vagrancy in the Erie County Penitentiary at Buffalo , New York. In The Road , he wrote: Man-handling was merely one of the very minor unprintable horrors of the Erie County Pen. I say 'unprintable'; and in justice I must also say undescribable. They were unthinkable to me until I saw them, and I was no spring chicken in the ways of the world and the awful abysses of human degradation. It would take a deep plummet to reach bottom in the Erie County Pen, and I do but skim lightly and facetiously the surface of things as I there saw them. After many experiences as a hobo and a sailor, he returned to Oakland and attended Oakland High School . He contributed a number of articles to the high school's magazine, The Aegis . His first published work was "Typhoon off the Coast of Japan", an account of his sailing experiences. [18]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p5
|
Jack London studying at Heinold's First and Last Chance in 1886 As a schoolboy, London often studied at Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon , a port-side bar in Oakland. At 17, he confessed to the bar's owner, John Heinold, his desire to attend university and pursue a career as a writer. Heinold lent London tuition money to attend college. London desperately wanted to attend the University of California , located in Berkeley. In 1896, after a summer of intense studying to pass certification exams, he was admitted. Financial circumstances forced him to leave in 1897 and he never graduated. No evidence has surfaced that he ever wrote for student publications while studying at Berkeley. [19] Heinold's First and Last Chance, "Jack London's Rendezvous" While at Berkeley, London continued to study and spend time at Heinold's saloon, where he was introduced to the sailors and adventurers who would influence his writing. In his autobiographical novel, John Barleycorn , London mentioned the pub's likeness seventeen times. Heinold's was the place where London met Alexander McLean, a captain known for his cruelty at sea. [20] London based his protagonist Wolf Larsen, in the novel The Sea-Wolf , on McLean. [21] Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon is now unofficially named Jack London's Rendezvous in his honor. [22] Gold rush and first success Miners and prospectors ascend the Chilkoot Trail during the Klondike Gold Rush
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p6
|
On July 12, 1897, London (age 21) and his sister's husband Captain Shepard sailed to join the Klondike Gold Rush . This was the setting for some of his first successful stories. London's time in the harsh Klondike , however, was detrimental to his health. Like so many other men who were malnourished in the goldfields, London developed scurvy . His gums became swollen, leading to the loss of his four front teeth. A constant gnawing pain affected his hip and leg muscles, and his face was stricken with marks that always reminded him of the struggles he faced in the Klondike. Father William Judge , "The Saint of Dawson ", had a facility in Dawson that provided shelter, food and any available medicine to London and others. His struggles there inspired London's short story, " To Build a Fire " (1902, revised in 1908), [A] which many critics assess as his best. [ citation needed ] His landlords in Dawson were mining engineers Marshall Latham Bond and Louis Whitford Bond , educated at Yale and Stanford , respectively. The brothers' father, Judge Hiram Bond , was a wealthy mining investor. The Bonds, especially Hiram, were active Republicans . Marshall Bond's diary mentions friendly sparring with London on political issues as a camp pastime. [ citation needed ] London left Oakland with a social conscience and socialist leanings; he returned to become an activist for socialism . He concluded that his only hope of escaping the work "trap" was to get an education and "sell his brains". He saw his writing as a business, his ticket out of poverty, and, he hoped, a means of beating the wealthy at their own game. On returning to California in 1898, London began working to get published, a struggle described in his novel, Martin Eden (serialized in 1908, published in 1909). His first published story since high school was "To the Man On Trail", which has frequently been collected in anthologies. [ citation needed ] When The Overland Monthly offered him only five dollars for it—and was slow paying—London came close to abandoning his writing career. In his words, "literally and literarily I was saved" when The Black Cat accepted his story "A Thousand Deaths", and paid him $40—the "first money I ever received for a story". [ citation needed ]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p7
|
London began his writing career just as new printing technologies enabled lower-cost production of magazines. This resulted in a boom in popular magazines aimed at a wide public audience and a strong market for short fiction. [ citation needed ] In 1900, he made $2,500 in writing, about $75,000 in today's currency. [ citation needed ] Among the works he sold to magazines was a short story known as either "Diable" (1902) or "Bâtard" (1904), two editions of the same basic story; London received $141.25 for this story on May 27, 1902. [23] In the text, a cruel French Canadian brutalizes his dog, and the dog retaliates and kills the man. London told some of his critics that man's actions are the main cause of the behavior of their animals, and he would show this in another story, The Call of the Wild . [24] George Sterling , Mary Austin , Jack London, and Jimmie Hooper on the beach at Carmel , California In early 1903, London sold The Call of the Wild to The Saturday Evening Post for $750, and the book rights to Macmillan for $2,000. Macmillan's promotional campaign propelled it to swift success. [25] While living at his rented villa on Lake Merritt in Oakland, California, London met poet George Sterling ; in time they became best friends. In 1902, Sterling helped London find a home closer to his own in nearby Piedmont . In his letters London addressed Sterling as "Greek", owing to Sterling's aquiline nose and classical profile, and he signed them as "Wolf". London was later to depict Sterling as Russ Brissenden in his autobiographical novel Martin Eden (1910) and as Mark Hall in The Valley of the Moon (1913). [ citation needed ]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p8
|
In later life London indulged his wide-ranging interests by accumulating a personal library of 15,000 volumes. He referred to his books as "the tools of my trade". [26] First marriage (1900–04) Jack with daughters Becky (left) and Joan (right) Bessie Maddern London and daughters, Joan and Becky London married Elizabeth "Bessie" Maddern on April 7, 1900, the same day The Son of the Wolf was published. Bess had been part of his circle of friends for a number of years. She was related to stage actresses Minnie Maddern Fiske and Emily Stevens . Stasz says, "Both acknowledged publicly that they were not marrying out of love, but from friendship and a belief that they would produce sturdy children." [27] Kingman says, "they were comfortable together... Jack had made it clear to Bessie that he did not love her, but that he liked her enough to make a successful marriage." [28] London met Bessie through his friend at Oakland High School, Fred Jacobs; she was Fred's fiancée. Bessie, who tutored at Anderson's University Academy in Alameda California, tutored Jack in preparation for his entrance exams for the University of California at Berkeley in 1896. Jacobs was killed aboard the USAT Scandia in 1897, but Jack and Bessie continued their friendship, which included taking photos and developing the film together. [29] This was the beginning of Jack's passion for photography.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p9
|
During the marriage, London continued his friendship with Anna Strunsky , co-authoring The Kempton-Wace Letters , an epistolary novel contrasting two philosophies of love. Anna, writing "Dane Kempton's" letters, arguing for a romantic view of marriage, while London, writing "Herbert Wace's" letters, argued for a scientific view, based on Darwinism and eugenics . In the novel, his fictional character contrasted two women he had known. [ citation needed ] London's pet name for Bess was "Mother-Girl" and Bess's for London was "Daddy-Boy". [30] Their first child, Joan , was born on January 15, 1901, and their second, Bessie (later called Becky), on October 20, 1902. Both children were born in Piedmont , California. Here London wrote one of his most celebrated works, The Call of the Wild . While London had pride in his children, the marriage was strained. Kingman says that by 1903 the couple were close to separation as they were "extremely incompatible". "Jack was still so kind and gentle with Bessie that when Cloudsley Johns was a house guest in February 1903 he didn't suspect a breakup of their marriage." [31] London reportedly complained to friends Joseph Noel and George Sterling: [Bessie] is devoted to purity. When I tell her morality is only evidence of low blood pressure, she hates me. She'd sell me and the children out for her damned purity. It's terrible. Every time I come back after being away from home for a night she won't let me be in the same room with her if she can help it. [32]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p10
|
Stasz writes that these were "code words for [Bess's] fear that [Jack] was consorting with prostitutes and might bring home venereal disease ." [33] On July 24, 1903, London told Bessie he was leaving and moved out. During 1904, London and Bess negotiated the terms of a divorce, and the decree was granted on November 11, 1904. [34] War correspondent (1904) London accepted an assignment of the San Francisco Examiner to cover the Russo-Japanese War in early 1904, arriving in Yokohama on January 25, 1904. He was arrested by Japanese authorities in Shimonoseki , but released through the intervention of American ambassador Lloyd Griscom . After travelling to Korea , he was again arrested by Japanese authorities for straying too close to the border with Manchuria without official permission, and was sent back to Seoul . Released again, London was permitted to travel with the Imperial Japanese Army to the border, and to observe the Battle of the Yalu . London asked William Randolph Hearst , the owner of the San Francisco Examiner , to be allowed to transfer to the Imperial Russian Army , where he felt that restrictions on his reporting and his movements would be less severe. However, before this could be arranged, he was arrested for a third time in four months, this time for assaulting his Japanese assistants, whom he accused of stealing the fodder for his horse. Released through the personal intervention of President Theodore Roosevelt , London departed the front in June 1904. [35]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p11
|
Bohemian Club London (right) at the Bohemian Grove with his friends Porter Garnett and George Sterling ; a painting parodies his story The White Silence On August 18, 1904, London went with his close friend, the poet George Sterling , to "Summer High Jinks" at the Bohemian Grove . London was elected to honorary membership in the Bohemian Club and took part in many activities. Other noted members of the Bohemian Club during this time included Ambrose Bierce , Gelett Burgess , Allan Dunn , John Muir , Frank Norris , [ citation needed ] and Herman George Scheffauer . Beginning in December 1914, London worked on The Acorn Planter, A California Forest Play , to be performed as one of the annual Grove Plays , but it was never selected. It was described as too difficult to set to music. [36] London published The Acorn Planter in 1916. [37] Second marriage Jack and Charmian London (c. 1915) at Waikiki After divorcing Maddern, London married Charmian Kittredge in 1905. London had been introduced to Kittredge in 1900 by her aunt Netta Eames , who was an editor at Overland Monthly magazine in San Francisco. The two met prior to his first marriage but became lovers years later after Jack and Bessie London visited Wake Robin, Netta Eames' Sonoma County resort, in 1903. London was injured when he fell from a buggy, and Netta arranged for Charmian to care for him. The two developed a friendship, as Charmian, Netta, her husband Roscoe, and London were politically aligned with socialist causes. At some point the relationship became romantic, and Jack divorced his wife to marry Charmian, who was five years his senior. [38]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p12
|
Biographer Russ Kingman called Charmian "Jack's soul-mate, always at his side, and a perfect match." Their time together included numerous trips, including a 1907 cruise on the yacht Snark to Hawaii and Australia. [39] Many of London's stories are based on his visits to Hawaii, the last one for 10 months beginning in December 1915. [40] The couple also visited Goldfield , Nevada, in 1907, where they were guests of the Bond brothers, London's Dawson City landlords. The Bond brothers were working in Nevada as mining engineers. London had contrasted the concepts of the "Mother Girl" and the "Mate Woman" in The Kempton-Wace Letters. His pet name for Bess had been "Mother-Girl;" his pet name for Charmian was "Mate-Woman." [41] Charmian's aunt and foster mother, a disciple of Victoria Woodhull , had raised her without prudishness. [42] Every biographer alludes to Charmian's uninhibited sexuality. [43] [44] The Snark in Australia, 1921 Joseph Noel calls the events from 1903 to 1905 "a domestic drama that would have intrigued the pen of an Ibsen .... London's had comedy relief in it and a sort of easy-going romance." [45] In broad outline, London was restless in his first marriage, sought extramarital sexual affairs, and found, in Charmian Kittredge, not only a sexually active and adventurous partner, but his future life-companion. They attempted to have children; one child died at birth, and another pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. [46]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p13
|
Portrait photograph of Jack London, taken between 1906 and 1916 In 1906, London published in Collier's magazine his eye-witness report of the San Francisco earthquake . [47] Beauty Ranch (1905–16) The old Winery Cottage, where London died (in the left sleeping porch ) on November 22, 1916 In 1905, London purchased a 1,000 acres (4.0 km 2 ) ranch in Glen Ellen , Sonoma County , California, on the eastern slope of Sonoma Mountain . [48] He wrote: "Next to my wife, the ranch is the dearest thing in the world to me." He desperately wanted the ranch to become a successful business enterprise. Writing, always a commercial enterprise with London, now became even more a means to an end: "I write for no other purpose than to add to the beauty that now belongs to me. I write a book for no other reason than to add three or four hundred acres to my magnificent estate." London in 1914 Stasz writes that London "had taken fully to heart the vision, expressed in his agrarian fiction, of the land as the closest earthly version of Eden ... he educated himself through the study of agricultural manuals and scientific tomes. He conceived of a system of ranching that today would be praised for its ecological wisdom ." [ citation needed ] He was proud to own the first concrete silo in California, a circular piggery that he designed. He hoped to adapt the wisdom of Asian sustainable agriculture to the United States. He hired both Italian and Chinese stonemasons, whose distinctly different styles are obvious.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p14
|
The ranch was an economic failure. Sympathetic observers such as Stasz treat his projects as potentially feasible, and ascribe their failure to bad luck or to being ahead of their time. Unsympathetic historians such as Kevin Starr suggest that he was a bad manager, distracted by other concerns and impaired by his alcoholism . Starr notes that London was absent from his ranch about six months a year between 1910 and 1916 and says, "He liked the show of managerial power, but not grinding attention to detail .... London's workers laughed at his efforts to play big-time rancher [and considered] the operation a rich man's hobby." [49] London spent $80,000 ($2,230,000 in current value) to build a 15,000-square-foot (1,400 m 2 ) stone mansion called Wolf House on the property. Just as the mansion was nearing completion, two weeks before the Londons planned to move in, it was destroyed by fire. London's last visit to Hawaii, [50] beginning in December 1915, lasted eight months. He met with Duke Kahanamoku , Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalaniana'ole , Queen Lili'uokalani and many others, before returning to his ranch in July 1916. [40] He was suffering from kidney failure , but he continued to work. The ranch (abutting stone remnants of Wolf House) is now a National Historic Landmark and is protected in Jack London State Historic Park .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p15
|
Animal activism London witnessed animal cruelty in the training of circus animals, and his subsequent novels Jerry of the Islands and Michael, Brother of Jerry included a foreword entreating the public to become more informed about this practice. [51] In 1918, the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the American Humane Education Society teamed up to create the Jack London Club, which sought to inform the public about cruelty to circus animals and encourage them to protest this establishment. [52] Support from Club members led to a temporary cessation of trained animal acts at Ringling-Barnum and Bailey in 1925. [53] Death Grave of Jack and Charmian London London died November 22, 1916, in a sleeping porch in a cottage on his ranch. London had been a robust man but had suffered several serious illnesses, including scurvy in the Klondike. [54] Additionally, during travels on the Snark , he and Charmian picked up unspecified tropical infections, and diseases, including yaws . [55] At the time of his death, he suffered from dysentery , late-stage alcoholism , and uremia ; [56] he was in extreme pain and taking morphine . London's ashes were buried on his property not far from the Wolf House. London's funeral took place on November 26, 1916, attended only by close friends, relatives, and workers of the property. In accordance with his wishes, he was cremated and buried next to some pioneer children, under a rock that belonged to the Wolf House. After Charmian's death in 1955, she was also cremated and then buried with her husband in the same spot that her husband chose. The grave is marked by a mossy boulder. The buildings and property were later preserved as Jack London State Historic Park , in Glen Ellen , California.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p16
|
Suicide debate Because he was using morphine, many older sources describe London's death as a suicide, and some still do. [57] This conjecture appears to be a rumor, or speculation based on incidents in his fiction writings. His death certificate [58] gives the cause as uremia , following acute renal colic . The biographer Stasz writes, "Following London's death, for a number of reasons, a biographical myth developed in which he has been portrayed as an alcoholic womanizer who committed suicide. Recent scholarship based upon firsthand documents challenges this caricature." [59] Most biographers, including Russ Kingman, now agree he died of uremia aggravated by an accidental morphine overdose. [60] London's fiction featured several suicides. In his autobiographical memoir John Barleycorn , he claims, as a youth, to have drunkenly stumbled overboard into the San Francisco Bay , "some maundering fancy of going out with the tide suddenly obsessed me". He said he drifted and nearly succeeded in drowning before sobering up and being rescued by fishermen. In the dénouement of The Little Lady of the Big House , the heroine, confronted by the pain of a mortal gunshot wound, undergoes a physician-assisted suicide by morphine. Also, in Martin Eden , the principal protagonist, who shares certain characteristics with London, drowns himself. [ citation needed ] Plagiarism accusations This section needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Jack London" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( September 2017 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p17
|
London in his office, 1916 London was vulnerable to accusations of plagiarism, both because he was such a conspicuous, prolific, and successful writer and because of his methods of working. He wrote in a letter to Elwyn Hoffman, "expression, you see—with me—is far easier than invention." He purchased plots and novels from the young Sinclair Lewis and used incidents from newspaper clippings as writing material. [ citation needed ] In July 1901, two pieces of fiction appeared within the same month: London's " Moon-Face ", in the San Francisco Argonaut, and Frank Norris ' "The Passing of Cock-eye Blacklock", in Century Magazine . Newspapers showed the similarities between the stories, which London said were "quite different in manner of treatment, [but] patently the same in foundation and motive." [61] London explained both writers based their stories on the same newspaper account. A year later, it was discovered that Charles Forrest McLean had published a fictional story also based on the same incident. [ citation needed ] Egerton Ryerson Young [62] [63] claimed The Call of the Wild (1903) was taken from Young's book My Dogs in the Northland (1902). [64] London acknowledged using it as a source and claimed to have written a letter to Young thanking him. [ citation needed ] In 1906, the New York World published "deadly parallel" columns showing eighteen passages from London's short story "Love of Life" side by side with similar passages from a nonfiction article by Augustus Biddle and J. K. Macdonald , titled "Lost in the Land of the Midnight Sun". [65] London noted the World did not accuse him of "plagiarism", but only of "identity of time and situation", to which he defiantly "pled guilty". [66]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p18
|
The most serious charge of plagiarism was based on London's "The Bishop's Vision", Chapter 7 of his novel The Iron Heel (1908). The chapter is nearly identical to an ironic essay that Frank Harris published in 1901, titled "The Bishop of London and Public Morality". [67] Harris was incensed and suggested he should receive 1/60th of the royalties from The Iron Heel, the disputed material constituting about that fraction of the whole novel. London insisted he had clipped a reprint of the article, which had appeared in an American newspaper, and believed it to be a genuine speech delivered by the Bishop of London . [ citation needed ] Views Part of a series on Socialism in the United States History Utopian socialism Bishop Hill Commune Brook Farm Icarians Looking Backward New Harmony Oneida Community Progressive Era 1877 St. Louis general strike 1912 Lawrence textile strike Catholic Worker Movement Green Corn Rebellion Labor unionization Haymarket affair May Day Women's suffrage Repression and persecution American Defense Society American Protective League Communist Party USA and African Americans Communists in the labor movement 1919–1937 1937–1957 Espionage Act of 1917 First Red Scare John Birch Society McCarthyism Seattle General Strike Smith Act Smith Act trials Anti-war and civil rights movements Black Power movement COINTELPRO Great Society " I Have a Dream " March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p19
|
New Left Poor People's Campaign War on Poverty Contemporary 1999 Seattle WTO protests Financial crisis of 2007–2008 Occupy Wall Street People Martin Abern Stephen Pearl Andrews Paul Avrich Kuwasi Balagoon Jack Barnes Edward Bellamy Francis Bellamy Victor L. Berger Alexander Berkman Murray Bookchin Earl Browder Étienne Cabet James P. Cannon Stokely Carmichael Lee J. Carter Noam Chomsky Voltairine de Cleyre Angela Davis Dorothy Day Eugene V. Debs Daniel De Leon Farrell Dobbs Theodore Dreiser W. E. B. Du Bois Albert Einstein Kenneth Fearing James W. Ford William Z. Foster Luigi Galleani Benjamin Gitlow Emma Goldman William Batchelder Greene Woody Guthrie Gus Hall Dashiell Hammett Michael Harrington Harry Hay Bill Haywood Harry Haywood Chris Hedges Angela Heywood Ezra Heywood Joe Hill Morris Hillquit Daniel Hoan Abbie Hoffman Helen Keller Martin Luther King Jr. Jo Labadie Jack London Jay Lovestone Dyer Lum David McReynolds Charlene Mitchell Johann Most Huey P. Newton Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Phil Ochs Robert Owen Albert Parsons Lucy Parsons A. Philip Randolph George Ripley John Reed Rudolf Rocker Bayard Rustin Charles Ruthenberg Nicola Sacco Carl Sandburg Bernie Sanders Kshama Sawant Bobby Seale Emil Seidel Max Shachtman Upton Sinclair Lysander Spooner Paul Sweezy Norman Thomas Rashida Tlaib Benjamin Tucker Bartolomeo Vanzetti Josiah Warren Cornel West Richard D. Wolff Malcolm X Frank Zeidler John Zerzan Active organizations American Party of Labor Black Riders Liberation Party
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p20
|
Colorado Springs Socialists Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism Communist Party USA Democratic Socialists of America Freedom Road Socialist Organization Freedom Socialist Party Industrial Workers of the World Legal Marijuana Now Party New Afrikan Black Panther Party New Students for a Democratic Society Party for Socialism and Liberation Peace and Freedom Party Progressive Labor Party Redneck Revolt Revolutionary Communist Party, USA Social Democrats, USA Socialist Action Socialist Alternative Socialist Equality Party Socialist Party USA Socialist Rifle Association Socialist Workers Party Spartacist League Workers World Party World Socialist Party of the United States Defunct organizations American Labor Party American Workers Party Black Panther Party Communist League of America Communist Workers' Party Democratic Socialist Federation Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee Farmer–Labor Party International Socialist Organization Maoist Internationalist Movement New American Movement Proletarian Party of America Puerto Rican Socialist Party Social Democracy of America Social Democratic Federation Social Democratic Party of America Socialist Labor Party of America Socialist Party of America Students for a Democratic Society Weather Underground White Panther Party Workers Party of the United States Youth International Party Literature Appeal to Reason Daily Worker International Socialist Review The Jungle Looking Backward Monopoly Capital Monthly Review The Other America Voluntary Socialism Why Socialism? Related topics American Left Anarchism Anarchism in the United States Anarcho-communism Anarcho-primitivism Anarcho-syndicalism Democratic socialism Green anarchism Individualist anarchism Individualist anarchism in the United States
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p21
|
Labor history Labor laws Labor unions Libertarian socialism Marxism Marxism–Leninism Minimum wage Mutualism Post-left anarchy Scientific socialism Social democracy Socialism Utopian socialism Socialism portal United States portal v t e Atheism London was an atheist . [68] He is quoted as saying, "I believe that when I am dead, I am dead. I believe that with my death I am just as much obliterated as the last mosquito you and I squashed." [69] Socialism London wrote from a socialist viewpoint, which is evident in his novel The Iron Heel . Neither a theorist nor an intellectual socialist, London's socialism grew out of his life experience. As London explained in his essay, "How I Became a Socialist", [70] his views were influenced by his experience with people at the bottom of the social pit. His optimism and individualism faded, and he vowed never to do more hard physical work than necessary. He wrote that his individualism was hammered out of him, and he was politically reborn. He often closed his letters "Yours for the Revolution." [71] London joined the Socialist Labor Party in April 1896. In the same year, the San Francisco Chronicle published a story about the twenty-year-old London's giving nightly speeches in Oakland's City Hall Park , an activity he was arrested for a year later. In 1901, he left the Socialist Labor Party and joined the new Socialist Party of America . He ran unsuccessfully as the high-profile Socialist candidate for mayor of Oakland in 1901 (receiving 245 votes) and 1905 (improving to 981 votes), toured the country lecturing on socialism in 1906, and published two collections of essays about socialism: The War of the Classes (1905) and Revolution, and other Essays (1906).
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p22
|
Stasz notes that "London regarded the Wobblies as a welcome addition to the Socialist cause, although he never joined them in going so far as to recommend sabotage." [72] Stasz mentions a personal meeting between London and Big Bill Haywood in 1912. [73] In his late (1913) book The Cruise of the Snark , London writes about appeals to him for membership of the Snark's crew from office workers and other "toilers" who longed for escape from the cities, and of being cheated by workmen. In his Glen Ellen ranch years, London felt some ambivalence toward socialism and complained about the "inefficient Italian labourers" in his employ. [74] In 1916, he resigned from the Glen Ellen chapter of the Socialist Party, but stated emphatically he did so "because of its lack of fire and fight, and its loss of emphasis on the class struggle." In an unflattering portrait of London's ranch days, California cultural historian Kevin Starr refers to this period as "post-socialist" and says "... by 1911 ... London was more bored by the class struggle than he cared to admit." [75] Race This section possibly contains original research . Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations . Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. ( January 2016 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message )
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p23
|
Jeffries (left) vs. Johnson, 1910 London shared common concerns among European Americans in California about Asian immigration , described as " the yellow peril "; he used the latter term as the title of a 1904 essay. [76] This theme was also the subject of a story he wrote in 1910 called " The Unparalleled Invasion ". Presented as an historical essay set in the future, the story narrates events between 1976 and 1987, in which China, with an ever-increasing population, is taking over and colonizing its neighbors with the intention of taking over the entire Earth. The western nations respond with biological warfare and bombard China with dozens of the most infectious diseases. [77] On his fears about China, he admits, "it must be taken into consideration that the above postulate is itself a product of Western race-egotism, urged by our belief in our own righteousness and fostered by a faith in ourselves which may be as erroneous as are most fond race fancies." By contrast, many of London's short stories are notable for their empathetic portrayal of Mexican ("The Mexican"), Asian ("The Chinago"), and Hawaiian ("Koolau the Leper") characters. London's war correspondence from the Russo-Japanese War , as well as his unfinished novel Cherry , show he admired much about Japanese customs and capabilities. [78] London's writings have been popular among the Japanese, who believe he portrayed them positively. [79]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p24
|
In "Koolau the Leper", London describes Koolau, who is a Hawaiian leper—and thus a very different sort of "superman" than Martin Eden—and who fights off an entire cavalry troop to elude capture, as "indomitable spiritually—a ... magnificent rebel". This character is based on Hawaiian leper Kaluaikoolau , who in 1893 revolted and resisted capture from forces of the Provisional Government of Hawaii in the Kalalau Valley . An amateur boxer and avid boxing fan, London reported on the 1910 Johnson–Jeffries fight, in which the black boxer Jack Johnson vanquished Jim Jeffries , known as the "Great White Hope". In 1908, London had reported on an earlier fight of Johnson's, contrasting the black boxer's coolness and intellectual style, with the apelike appearance and fighting style of his Canadian opponent, Tommy Burns : 'what . . . [won] on Saturday was bigness, coolness, quickness, cleverness, and vast physical superiority... Because a white man wishes a white man to win, this should not prevent him from giving absolute credit to the best man, even when that best man was black. All hail to Johnson.' London wrote that Johnson was 'superb. He was impregnable . . . as inaccessible as Mont Blanc .' [80] Those who defend London against charges of racism cite the letter he wrote to the Japanese-American Commercial Weekly in 1913: In reply to yours of August 16, 1913. First of all, I should say by stopping the stupid newspaper from always fomenting race prejudice. This of course, being impossible, I would say, next, by educating the people of Japan so that they will be too intelligently tolerant to respond to any call to race prejudice. And, finally, by realizing, in industry and government, of socialism—which last word is merely a word that stands for the actual application of in the affairs of men of the theory of the Brotherhood of Man.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p25
|
In the meantime the nations and races are only unruly boys who have not yet grown to the stature of men. So we must expect them to do unruly and boisterous things at times. And, just as boys grow up, so the races of mankind will grow up and laugh when they look back upon their childish quarrels. [81] In 1996, after the City of Whitehorse , Yukon , renamed a street in honor of London, protests over London's alleged racism forced the city to change the name of "Jack London Boulevard" [ failed verification ] back to "Two-mile Hill". [82] Works Short stories Jack London (date unknown) London's 1903 story "The Shadow and the Flash" was reprinted in the June 1948 issue of Famous Fantastic Mysteries Western writer and historian Dale L. Walker writes: [83] London's true métier was the short story ... London's true genius lay in the short form, 7,500 words and under, where the flood of images in his teeming brain and the innate power of his narrative gift were at once constrained and freed. His stories that run longer than the magic 7,500 generally—but certainly not always—could have benefited from self-editing. London's "strength of utterance" is at its height in his stories, and they are painstakingly well-constructed. [ citation needed ] " To Build a Fire " is the best known of all his stories. Set in the harsh Klondike, it recounts the haphazard trek of a new arrival who has ignored an old-timer's warning about the risks of traveling alone. Falling through the ice into a creek in seventy-five-below weather, the unnamed man is keenly aware that survival depends on his untested skills at quickly building a fire to dry his clothes and warm his extremities. After publishing a tame version of this story—with a sunny outcome—in The Youth's Companion in 1902, London offered a second, more severe take on the man's predicament in The Century Magazine in 1908. Reading both provides an illustration of London's growth and maturation as a writer. As Labor (1994) observes: "To compare the two versions is itself an instructive lesson in what distinguished a great work of literary art from a good children's story." [A]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p26
|
Other stories from the Klondike period include: "All Gold Canyon", about a battle between a gold prospector and a claim jumper ; " The Law of Life ", about an aging American Indian man abandoned by his tribe and left to die; "Love of Life", about a trek by a prospector across the Canadian tundra; "To the Man on Trail," which tells the story of a prospector fleeing the Mounted Police in a sled race, and raises the question of the contrast between written law and morality; and "An Odyssey of the North," which raises questions of conditional morality, and paints a sympathetic portrait of a man of mixed White and Aleut ancestry. London was a boxing fan and an avid amateur boxer. "A Piece of Steak" is a tale about a match between older and younger boxers. It contrasts the differing experiences of youth and age but also raises the social question of the treatment of aging workers. "The Mexican" combines boxing with a social theme, as a young Mexican endures an unfair fight and ethnic prejudice in order to earn money with which to aid the revolution. Several of London's stories would today be classified as science fiction . "The Unparalleled Invasion" describes germ warfare against China; "Goliath" is about an irresistible energy weapon; "The Shadow and the Flash" is a tale about two brothers who take different routes to achieving invisibility; "A Relic of the Pliocene" is a tall tale about an encounter of a modern-day man with a mammoth . " The Red One " is a late story from a period when London was intrigued by the theories of the psychiatrist and writer Jung . It tells of an island tribe held in thrall by an extraterrestrial object.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p27
|
Some nineteen original collections of short stories were published during London's brief life or shortly after his death. There have been several posthumous anthologies drawn from this pool of stories. Many of these stories were located in the Klondike and the Pacific. A collection of Jack London's San Francisco Stories was published in October 2010 by Sydney Samizdat Press. [84] Novels London writing, 1905 London's most famous novels are The Call of the Wild , White Fang , The Sea-Wolf , The Iron Heel , and Martin Eden . [85] In a letter dated Dec 27, 1901, London's Macmillan publisher George Platt Brett, Sr. , said "he believed Jack's fiction represented 'the very best kind of work' done in America." [86] Critic Maxwell Geismar called The Call of the Wild "a beautiful prose poem"; editor Franklin Walker said that it "belongs on a shelf with Walden and Huckleberry Finn "; and novelist E.L. Doctorow called it "a mordant parable ... his masterpiece." [ citation needed ] The historian Dale L. Walker [83] commented: Jack London was an uncomfortable novelist, that form too long for his natural impatience and the quickness of his mind. His novels, even the best of them, are hugely flawed. Some critics have said that his novels are episodic and resemble linked short stories. Dale L. Walker writes:
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p28
|
The Star Rover , that magnificent experiment, is actually a series of short stories connected by a unifying device ... Smoke Bellew is a series of stories bound together in a novel-like form by their reappearing protagonist, Kit Bellew; and John Barleycorn ... is a synoptic series of short episodes. [83] Ambrose Bierce said of The Sea-Wolf that "the great thing—and it is among the greatest of things—is that tremendous creation, Wolf Larsen ... the hewing out and setting up of such a figure is enough for a man to do in one lifetime." However, he noted, "The love element, with its absurd suppressions, and impossible proprieties, is awful." [87] The Iron Heel is an example of a dystopian novel that anticipates and influenced George Orwell 's Nineteen Eighty-Four . [88] London's socialist politics are explicitly on display here. The Iron Heel meets the contemporary definition of soft science fiction . The Star Rover (1915) is also science fiction. Apocrypha Jack London Credo London's literary executor , Irving Shepard, quoted a Jack London Credo in an introduction to a 1956 collection of London stories: I would rather be ashes than dust! I would rather that my spark should burn out in a brilliant blaze than it should be stifled by dry-rot. I would rather be a superb meteor, every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p29
|
The function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time. The biographer Stasz notes that the passage "has many marks of London's style" but the only line that could be safely attributed to London was the first. [89] The words Shepard quoted were from a story in the San Francisco Bulletin , December 2, 1916, by journalist Ernest J. Hopkins, who visited the ranch just weeks before London's death. Stasz notes, "Even more so than today journalists' quotes were unreliable or even sheer inventions," and says no direct source in London's writings has been found. However, at least one line, according to Stasz, is authentic, being referenced by London and written in his own hand in the autograph book of Australian suffragette Vida Goldstein : Dear Miss Goldstein:– Seven years ago I wrote you that I'd rather be ashes than dust. I still subscribe to that sentiment. Sincerely yours, Jack London Jan. 13, 1909 [89] Furthermore, in his short story "By The Turtles of Tasman", a character, defending her ne'er-do-well grasshopperish father to her antlike uncle, says: "... my father has been a king. He has lived .... Have you lived merely to live? Are you afraid to die? I'd rather sing one wild song and burst my heart with it, than live a thousand years watching my digestion and being afraid of the wet. When you are dust, my father will be ashes."
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p30
|
"The Scab" A short diatribe on "The Scab " is often quoted within the U.S. labor movement and frequently attributed to London. It opens: After God had finished the rattlesnake, the toad, and the vampire, he had some awful substance left with which he made a scab. A scab is a two-legged animal with a corkscrew soul, a water brain, a combination backbone of jelly and glue. Where others have hearts, he carries a tumor of rotten principles. When a scab comes down the street, men turn their backs and Angels weep in Heaven, and the Devil shuts the gates of hell to keep him out.... [90] In 1913 and 1914, a number of newspapers printed the first three sentences with varying terms used instead of "scab", such as "knocker", [91] [92] "stool pigeon" [93] or "scandal monger". [94] This passage as given above was the subject of a 1974 Supreme Court case, Letter Carriers v. Austin , [95] in which Justice Thurgood Marshall referred to it as "a well-known piece of trade union literature, generally attributed to author Jack London". A union newsletter had published a "list of scabs," which was granted to be factual and therefore not libelous, but then went on to quote the passage as the "definition of a scab". The case turned on the question of whether the "definition" was defamatory. The court ruled that "Jack London's... 'definition of a scab' is merely rhetorical hyperbole, a lusty and imaginative expression of the contempt felt by union members towards those who refuse to join", and as such was not libelous and was protected under the First Amendment. [90]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p31
|
Despite being frequently attributed to London, the passage does not appear at all in the extensive collection of his writings at Sonoma State University 's website. However, in his book The War of the Classes he published a 1903 speech entitled "The Scab", [96] which gave a much more balanced view of the topic: The laborer who gives more time or strength or skill for the same wage than another, or equal time or strength or skill for a less wage, is a scab. The generousness on his part is hurtful to his fellow-laborers, for it compels them to an equal generousness which is not to their liking, and which gives them less of food and shelter. But a word may be said for the scab. Just as his act makes his rivals compulsorily generous, so do they, by fortune of birth and training, make compulsory his act of generousness. [...] Nobody desires to scab, to give most for least. The ambition of every individual is quite the opposite, to give least for most; and, as a result, living in a tooth-and-nail society, battle royal is waged by the ambitious individuals. But in its most salient aspect, that of the struggle over the division of the joint product, it is no longer a battle between individuals, but between groups of individuals. Capital and labor apply themselves to raw material, make something useful out of it, add to its value, and then proceed to quarrel over the division of the added value. Neither cares to give most for least. Each is intent on giving less than the other and on receiving more.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p32
|
Publications Source unless otherwise specified: Williams Novels The Cruise of the Dazzler (1902) A Daughter of the Snows (1902) The Call of the Wild (1903) The Kempton-Wace Letters (1903) (published anonymously, co-authored with Anna Strunsky ) The Sea-Wolf (1904) The Game (1905) White Fang (1906) Before Adam (1907) The Iron Heel (1908) Martin Eden (1909) Burning Daylight (1910) Adventure (1911) The Scarlet Plague (1912) A Son of the Sun (1912) The Abysmal Brute (1913) The Valley of the Moon (1913) The Mutiny of the Elsinore (1914) The Star Rover (1915) (published in England as The Jacket ) The Little Lady of the Big House (1916) Jerry of the Islands (1917) Michael, Brother of Jerry (1917) Hearts of Three (1920) (novelization of a script by Charles Goddard ) The Assassination Bureau, Ltd (1963) (left half-finished, completed by Robert L. Fish ) Short story collections Son of the Wolf (1900) Chris Farrington, Able Seaman (1901) The God of His Fathers & Other Stories (1901) [97] Children of the Frost (1902) The Faith of Men and Other Stories (1904) [97] Tales of the Fish Patrol (1906) Moon-Face and Other Stories (1906) [97] Love of Life and Other Stories (1907) [97] Lost Face (1910) South Sea Tales (1911) When God Laughs and Other Stories (1911) [97] The House of Pride & Other Tales of Hawaii (1912)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p33
|
Smoke Bellew (1912) A Son of the Sun (1912) [97] The Night Born (1913) [97] The Strength of the Strong (1914) [97] The Turtles of Tasman (1916) The Human Drift (1917) [97] The Red One (1918) [97] On the Makaloa Mat (1919) Dutch Courage and Other Stories (1922) [97] Autobiographical memoirs The Road (1907) The Cruise of the Snark (1911) John Barleycorn (1913) Non-fiction and essays Through the Rapids on the Way to the Klondike (1899) From Dawson to the Sea (1899) What Communities Lose by the Competitive System (1900) The Impossibility of War (1900) Phenomena of Literary Evolution (1900) A Letter to Houghton Mifflin Co. (1900) Husky, Wolf Dog of the North (1900) Editorial Crimes –- A Protest (1901) Again the Literary Aspirant (1902) The People of the Abyss (1903) How I Became a Socialist (1903) [98] The War of the Classes (1905) [97] The Story of an Eyewitness (1906) A Letter to Woman's Home Companion (1906) Revolution, and other Essays (1910) Mexico's Army and Ours (1914) Lawgivers (1914) Our Adventures in Tampico (1914) Stalking the Pestilence (1914) The Red Game of War (1914) The Trouble Makers of Mexico (1914) With Funston's Men (1914) Plays Theft (1910) Daughters of the Rich: A One Act Play (1915) The Acorn Planter: A California Forest Play (1916) Poetry A Heart (1899) Abalone Song (1913)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p34
|
And Some Night (1914) Ballade of the False Lover (1914) Cupid's Deal (1913) Daybreak (1901) Effusion (1901) George Sterling (1913) Gold (1915) He Chortled with Glee (1899) He Never Tried Again (1912) His Trip to Hades (1913) Homeland (1914) Hors de Saison (1913) If I Were God (1899) In a Year (1901) In and Out (1911) Je Vis en Espoir (1897) Memory (1913) Moods (1913) My Confession (1912) My Little Palmist (1914) Of Man of the Future (1915) Oh You Everybody's Girl (19) On the Face of the Earth You are the One (1915) Rainbows End (1914) Republican Rallying Song (1916) Sonnet (1901) The Gift of God (1905) The Klondyker's Dream (1914) The Lover's Liturgy (1913) The Mammon Worshippers (1911) The Republican Battle-Hymn (1905) The Return of Ulysses (1915) The Sea Sprite and the Shooting Star (1916) The Socialist's Dream (1912) The Song of the Flames (1903) The Way of War (1906) The Worker and the Tramp (1911) Tick! Tick! Tick! (1915) Too Late (1912) Weasel Thieves (1913) When All the World Shouted my Name (1905) Where the Rainbow Fell (1902) Your Kiss (1914) Short stories "An Old Soldier's Story" (1894) "Who Believes in Ghosts!" (1895) "And 'FRISCO Kid Came Back" (1895) "Night's Swim In Yeddo Bay" (1895) "One More Unfortunate" (1895) "Sakaicho, Hona Asi And Hakadaki" (1895) "A Klondike Christmas" (1897)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p35
|
"Mahatma's Little Joke" (1897) "O Haru" (1897) "Plague Ship" (1897) "The Strange Experience Of A Misogynist" (1897) "Two Gold Bricks" (1897) "The Devil's Dice Box" (1898) "A Dream Image" (1898) "The Test: A Clondyke Wooing" (1898) "To the Man on Trail" (1898) "In a Far Country" (1899) "The King of Mazy May" (1899) "The End Of The Chapter" (1899) "The Grilling Of Loren Ellery" (1899) "The Handsome Cabin Boy" (1899) "In The Time Of Prince Charley" (1899) "Old Baldy" (1899) "The Men of Forty Mile" (1899) "Pluck and Pertinacity" (1899) "The Rejuvenation of Major Rathbone" (1899) " The White Silence " (1899) " A Thousand Deaths " (1899) "Wisdom of the Trail" (1899) "An Odyssey of the North" (1900) "The Son of the Wolf" (1900) "Even unto Death" (1900) "The Man with the Gash" (1900) "A Lesson In Heraldry" (1900) "A Northland Miracle" (1900) "Proper "GIRLIE"" (1900) "Thanksgiving on Slav Creek" (1900) "Their Alcove" (1900) "Housekeeping in the Klondike" (1900) "Dutch Courage" (1900) "Where the Trail Forks" (1900) "Hyperborean Brew" (1901) "A Relic of the Pliocene" (1901) "The Lost Poacher" (1901) "The God of His Fathers" (1901) ""FRISCO Kid's" Story" (1901) " The Law of Life " (1901) "The Minions of Midas" (1901) "In the Forests of the North" (1902) "The "Fuzziness" of Hoockla-Heen" (1902) "The Story of Keesh" (1902) "Keesh, Son of Keesh" (1902)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p36
|
"Nam-Bok, the Unveracious" (1902) "Li Wan the Fair" (1902) "Lost Face" "Master of Mystery" (1902) "The Sunlanders" (1902) "The Death of Ligoun" (1902) " Moon-Face " (1902) " Diable—A Dog " (1902), renamed Bâtard in 1904 " To Build a Fire " (1902, revised 1908) "The League of the Old Men" (1902) "The Dominant Primordial Beast" (1903) "The One Thousand Dozen" (1903) "The Marriage of Lit-lit" (1903) "The Shadow and the Flash" (1903) " The Leopard Man's Story " (1903) "Negore the Coward" (1904) "All Gold Cañon" (1905) "Love of Life" (1905) "The Sun-Dog Trail" (1905) "The Apostate" (1906) "Up the Slide" (1906) "Planchette" (1906) "Brown Wolf" (1906) "Make Westing" (1907) "Chased by the Trail" (1907) "Trust" (1908) "A Curious Fragment" (1908) "Aloha Oe" (1908) "That Spot" (1908) "The Enemy of All the World" (1908) "The House of Mapuhi" (1909) "Good-by, Jack" (1909) "Samuel" (1909) " South of the Slot " (1909) "The Chinago" (1909) " The Dream of Debs " (1909) "The Madness of John Harned" (1909) "The Seed of McCoy" (1909) " A Piece of Steak " (1909) "Mauki" (1909) "The Whale Tooth" (1909) "Goliath" (1910) " The Unparalleled Invasion " (1910) "Told in the Drooling Ward" (1910) "When the World was Young" (1910) "The Terrible Solomons" (1910) "The Inevitable White Man" (1910) " The Heathen " (1910) "Yah! Yah! Yah!" (1910)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p37
|
"By the Turtles of Tasman" (1911) " The Mexican " (1911) "War" (1911) "The Unmasking of the Cad" (1911) "The Scarlet Plague" (1912) "The Captain of the Susan Drew" (1912) "The Sea-Farmer" (1912) "The Feathers of the Sun" (1912) "The Prodigal Father" (1912) "Samuel" (1913) "The Sea-Gangsters" (1913) "The Strength of the Strong" (1914) "Told in the Drooling Ward" (1914) "The Hussy" (1916) "Like Argus of the Ancient Times" (1917) "Jerry of the Islands" (1917) " The Red One " (1918) "Shin-Bones" (1918) "The Bones of Kahekili" (1919) First edition (1902) The Scarlet Plague was reprinted in the February 1949 issue of Famous Fantastic Mysteries Legacy and honors Jack London lake Mount London , also known as Boundary Peak 100, on the Alaska - British Columbia boundary, in the Boundary Ranges of the Coast Mountains of British Columbia , is named for him. [99] Jack London Square on the waterfront of Oakland , California was named for him. He was honored by the United States Postal Service with a 25¢ Great Americans series postage stamp released on January 11, 1986. Jack London Lake ( Russian : Озеро Джека Лондона ), a mountain lake located in the upper reaches of the Kolyma River in Yagodninsky district of Magadan Oblast . Fictional portrayals of London include Michael O'Shea in the 1943 film Jack London , Jeff East in the 1980 film Klondike Fever , Aaron Ashmore in the Murdoch Mysteries episode " Murdoch of the Klondike " from 2012, and Johnny Simmons in the 2014 miniseries Klondike .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p38
|
Notes ^ a b The 1908 version of "To Build a Fire" is available on Wikisource in two places: " To Build a Fire " (Century Magazine) and " To Build a Fire " (in Lost Face – 1910). The 1902 version may be found at the following external link: To Build a Fire ( The Jean and Charles Schulz Information Center, Sonoma State University ). See also List of celebrities who own wineries and vineyards References ^ Reesman 2009 , p. 23 . ^ " London, Jack ". Encyclopædia Britannica Online Library Edition. Retrieved 2011-10-05. ^ Dictionary of American Biography Base Set . American Council of Learned Societies, 1928–1936. Reproduced in Biography Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. 2006. ^ London 1939 , p. 12. ^ New York Times November 23, 1916 . ^ (1910) "Specialty of Short-story Writing," The Writer, XXII, January–December 1910, p. 9: "There are eight American writers who can get $1000 for a short story— Robert W. Chambers , Richard Harding Davis , Jack London, O. Henry , Booth Tarkington , John Fox, Jr. , Owen Wister , and Mrs. Burnett ." $1,000 in 1910 dollars is roughly equivalent to $27,000 today ^ Wellman, Joshua Wyman Descendants of Thomas Wellman (1918) Arthur Holbrook Wellman, Boston, p. 227 ^ "The Book of Jack London" . The World of Jack London. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11 . Retrieved 2011-04-07 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p39
|
^ Stasz 2001 , p. 14: "What supports Flora's naming Chaney as the father of her son are, first, the indisputable fact of their cohabiting at the time of his conception, and second, the absence of any suggestion on the part of her associates that another man could have been responsible... [but] unless DNA evidence is introduced, whether or not William Chaney was the biological father of Jack London cannot be decided.... Chaney would, however, be considered by her son and his children as their ancestor." ^ Kershaw 1999 , pp. 53–54. ^ a b Ouida, 1839-1908 (July 26, 1875). "Signa. A story" . London : Chapman & Hall – via Internet Archive. ^ Ouida, 1839-1908 (July 26, 1875). "Signa. A story" . London : Chapman & Hall – via Internet Archive. ^ London, Jack (1917) "Eight Factors of Literary Success", in Labor (1994), p. 512. "In answer to your question as to the greatest factors of my literary success, I will state that I consider them to be: Vast good luck. Good health; good brain; good mental and muscular correlation. Poverty. Reading Ouida's Signa at eight years of age. The influence of Herbert Spencer 's Philosophy of Style. Because I got started twenty years before the fellows who are trying to start today." ^ "State's first poet laureate remembered at Jack London" . Sonoma Index Tribune . 2016-08-22 . Retrieved 2018-02-02 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p40
|
^ Jack London. John Barleycorn at Project Gutenberg Chapters VII, VIII describe his stealing of Mamie, the "Queen of the Oyster Pirates": "The Queen asked me to row her ashore in my skiff...Nor did I understand Spider's grinning side-remark to me: "Gee! There's nothin' slow about YOU." How could it possibly enter my boy's head that a grizzled man of fifty should be jealous of me?" "And how was I to guess that the story of how the Queen had thrown him down on his own boat, the moment I hove in sight, was already the gleeful gossip of the water-front? ^ London 1939 , p. 41. ^ Kingman 1979 , p. 37: "It was said on the waterfront that Jack had taken on a mistress... Evidently Jack believed the myth himself at times... Jack met Mamie aboard the Razzle-Dazzle when he first approached French Frank about its purchase. Mamie was aboard on a visit with her sister Tess and her chaperone, Miss Hadley. It hardly seems likely that someone who required a chaperone on Saturday would move aboard as mistress on Monday." ^ Charmian K. London (August 1, 1922). "The First Story Written for Publication" . Sonoma County, California: JackLondons.net. Archived from the original on October 6, 2013. ^ Kingman 1979 , p. 67. ^ MacGillivray, Don (April 2009). Captain Alex MacLean . University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1471-3 . Retrieved 2011-10-06 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p41
|
^ MacGillivray, Don (2008-03-19). Captain Alex MacLean (PDF) . ISBN 978-0-7748-1471-3 . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-15 . Retrieved 2011-10-06 . ^ "The legends of Oakland's oldest bar, Heinold's First and Last Chance Saloon" . Oakland North . Retrieved 2018-02-02 . ^ "Footnote 55 to "Bâtard " " . JackLondons.net . Archived from the original on June 12, 2011 . Retrieved August 29, 2013 . First published as "Diable – A Dog". The Cosmopolitan , v. 33 (June 1902), pp. 218–26. [FM] This tale was entitled "Bâtard" in 1904 when included in FM. The same story, with minor changes, was also called "Bâtard" when it appeared in the Sunday Illustrated Magazine of the Commercial Appeal (Memphis, Tenn.), September 28, 1913, pp. 7–11. London received $141.25 for this story on May 27, 1902. ^ "The 100 best novels: No 35 – The Call of the Wild by Jack London (1903)" Retrieved 22 July 2015 ^ "Best Dog Story Ever Written: Call of the Wild" Archived 2008-04-21 at the Wayback Machine , excerpted from Kingman 1979 ^ Hamilton (1986) (as cited by other sources) ^ Stasz 2001 , p. 61: "Both acknowledged... that they were not marrying out of love" ^ Kingman 1979 , p. 98. ^ Reesman 2010, p 12 ^ Stasz 2001 , p. 66: "Mommy Girl and Daddy Boy"
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p42
|
^ Kingman 1979 , p. 121. ^ Noel 1940 , p. 150, "She's devoted to purity..." ^ Stasz 2001 , p. 80 ("devoted to purity... code words...") ^ Kingman 1979 , p. 139. ^ Kowner, Rotem (2006). Historical Dictionary of the Russo-Japanese War . The Scarecrow Press. p. 212. ISBN 0-8108-4927-5 . ^ London & Taylor 1987 , p. 394 . ^ Wichlan 2007 , p. 131 . ^ Labor 2013 ^ "The Sailing of the Snark", by Allan Dunn , Sunset , May 1907. ^ a b Day 1996 , pp. 113–19. ^ London 2003 , p. 59: copy of "John Barleycorn" inscribed "Dear Mate-Woman: You know. You have helped me bury the Long Sickness and the White Logic." Numerous other examples in same source. ^ Kingman 1979 , p. 124. ^ Stasz 1999 , p. 112. ^ Kershaw 1999 , p. 133. ^ Noel 1940 , p. 146. ^ Walker, Dale; Reesman, Jeanne, eds. (1999). "A Selection of Letters to Charmain Kittredge" . No Mentor But Myself: Jack London on Writers and Writing . Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804736367 . Retrieved 2019-07-08 . ^ Jack London "Story Of An Eyewitness" . California Department of Parks & Recreation. ^ Stasz, Clarice (2013). Jack London's Women . University of Massachusetts Press. p. 102. ISBN 1625340656 . Retrieved 2019-07-08 . ^ Starr, Kevin. Americans and the California Dream, 1850-1915 . Oxford University, 1986.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p43
|
^ Joseph Theroux. "They Came to Write in Hawai'i" . Spirit of Aloha ( Aloha Airlines ) March/April 2007 . Archived from the original on 2008-01-21. He said, "Life's not a matter of holding good cards, but sometimes playing a poor hand well." ...His last magazine piece was titled "My Hawaiian Aloha" * [and] his final, unfinished novel, Eyes of Asia, was set in Hawai'i. ( Jack London. "My Hawaiian Aloha" . * From Stories of Hawai'i, Mutual Publishing, Honolulu , 1916. Reprinted with permission in Spirit of Aloha, November/December 2006 . Archived from the original on 2008-01-21. ) ^ Beers, Diane L. (2006). For the Prevention of Cruelty: The History and Legacy of Animal Rights Activism in the United States . Athens: Swallow Press/Ohio University Press. pp. 105–06 . ISBN 0804010870 . ^ Beers, Diane L. (2006). For the Prevention of Cruelty: The History and Legacy of Animal Rights Activism in the United States . Athens: Swallow Press/Ohio University Press. pp. 106–07 . ISBN 0804010870 . ^ Beers, Diane L. (2006). For the Prevention of Cruelty: The History and Legacy of Animal Rights Activism in the United States . Athens: Swallow Press/Ohio University Press. p. 107 . ISBN 0804010870 . ^ "On This Day: November 23, 1916: OBITUARY - Jack London Dies Suddenly On Ranch" . The New York Times . Retrieved January 6, 2014 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p44
|
^ Jack London (1911). The Cruise of the Snark . Macmillan. ^ "Marin County Tocsin" . contentdm.marinlibrary.org . Archived from the original on 2019-07-26 . Retrieved 2019-07-26 . ^ Columbia Encyclopedia "Jack London" , "Beset in his later years by alcoholism and financial difficulties, London committed suicide at the age of 40." ^ The Jack London Online Collection: Jack London's death certificate . ^ The Jack London Online Collection: Biography . ^ "Did Jack London Commit Suicide?" Archived 2008-09-14 at the Wayback Machine , The World of Jack London ^ "The Literary Zoo" . Life . 49 . Jan–Jun 1907. p. 130. ^ "YOUNG, EGERTON RYERSON," . Dictionary of Canadian Biography . Retrieved January 6, 2014 . ^ "Memorable Manitobans: Egerton Ryerson Young (1840-1909)" . The Manitoba Historical Society . Retrieved January 7, 2014 . ^ "Is Jack London a Plagiarist?". The Literary Digest . 34 : 337. 1907. ^ Kingman 1979 , p. 118. ^ Letter to "The Bookman," April 10, 1906, quoted in full in Jack London; Dale L. Walker; Jeanne Campbell Reesman (2000). No mentor but myself: Jack London on writing and writers . Stanford University Press. 978-0804736350. p. 97: "The World , however, did not charge me with plagiarism. It charged me with identity of time and situation. Certainly I plead guilty, and I am glad that the World was intelligent enough not to charge me with identity of language."
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p45
|
^ Jack London; Dale L. Walker; Jeanne Campbell Reesman (2000). No mentor but myself: Jack London on writing and writers . Stanford University Press. 978-0804736350. p. 121: "The controversy with Frank Harris began in the Vanity Fair issue of April 14, 1909, in an article by Harris entitled "How Mr. Jack London Writes a Novel." Using parallel columns, Harris demonstrated that a portion of his article, "The Bishop of London and Public Morality", which appeared in a British periodical, The Candid Friend, on May 25, 1901, had been used almost word-for-word in his 1908 novel, The Iron Heel ". ^ Stewart Gabel (2012). Jack London: a Man in Search of Meaning: A Jungian Perspective . AuthorHouse. p. 14. ISBN 9781477283332 . When he was tramping, arrested and jailed for one month for vagrancy at about 19 years of age, he listed "atheist" as his religion on the necessary forms (Kershaw, 1997). ^ Who's Who in Hell: A Handbook and International Directory for Humanists, Freethinkers, Naturalists, Rationalists, and Non-Theists. Publisher: Barricade Books (January 1, 2000), ISBN 978-1569801581 ^ "War of the Classes: How I Became a Socialist" . london.sonoma.edu . ^ See Labor (1994) p. 546 for one example, a letter from London to William E. Walling dated November 30, 1909. ^ Stasz 2001 , p. 100. ^ Stasz 2001 , p. 156.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p46
|
^ Kershaw 1999 , p. 245. ^ Starr, Kevin (1973). Americans and the California Dream . Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-501-644-0 . Retrieved 2013-03-02 . ^ The Jack London Online Collection: The Yellow Peril . ^ The Jack London Online Collection: The Unparalleled Invasion . ^ "Jack London's War" Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine , Dale L. Walker, The World of Jack London . «According to London's reportage, the Russians were "sluggish" in battle, while "The Japanese understand the utility of things. Reserves they consider should be used not only to strengthen the line...but in the moment of victory to clinch victory hard and fast...Verily, nothing short of a miracle can wreck a plan they have once started and put into execution."» ^ Jeanne Campbell Reesman, Jack London's Racial Lives: A Critical Biography , University of Georgia Press, 2009, pp. 323–24 ^ "Jack London on the Fight" , The Argus, 28 December 1908, at National Library of Australia ^ Labor, Earle, Robert C. Leitz, III, and I. Milo Shepard: The Letters of Jack London: Volume Three: 1913–1916, Stanford University Press 1988, p. 1219, Letter to Japanese-American Commercial Weekly , August 25, 1913: "the races of mankind will grow up and laugh [at] their childish quarrels..." ^ Lundberg . ^ a b c Dale L. Walker, "Jack London: The Stories" Archived 2005-10-25 at the Wayback Machine , The World of Jack London
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p47
|
^ Jack London: San Francisco Stories [ permanent dead link ] (Edited by Matthew Asprey; Preface by Rodger Jacobs) ^ These are the five novels selected by editor Donald Pizer for inclusion in the Library of America series. ^ Kershaw 1999 , p. 109. ^ Letters of Ambrose Bierce, ed. S. T. Joshi, Tryambak Sunand Joshi, David E. Schultz, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2003 ^ Orwell: the Authorized Biography by Michael Shelden, HarperCollins ISBN 978-0-06-092161-3 ^ a b The Jack London Online Collection: Credo . ^ a b Thurgood Marshall (1974-06-25). "Letter Carriers v. Austin, 418 U.S. 264 (1974)" . Retrieved 2006-05-23 . ^ Callan, Claude, 1913, "Cracks at the Crowd", Fort Worth Star-Telegram , December 30, 1913, p. 6: "Saith the Rule Review: 'After God had finished making the rattlesnake, the toad and the vampire, He had some awful substance left, with which he made the knocker.' Were it not for being irreverent, we would suggest that He was hard up for something to do when He made any of those pests you call his handiwork." ^ "The Food for Your Think Tank", The Macon Daily Telegraph, August 23, 1914, p. 3 ^ " Madame Gain is Found Guilty. Jury Decides Woman Conducted House of Ill Fame at the Clifton Hotel," The Duluth News Tribune , February 5, 1914, p. 12.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p48
|
^ "T. W. H.", (1914), "Review of the Masonic 'Country' Press: The Eastern Star" The New Age Magazine: A Monthly Publication Devoted to Freemasonry and Its Relation to Present Day Problems, published by the Scottish Rite of Freemasonry for the Southern Jurisdiction of the United States; June, 1917, p. 283 :"SCANDAL MONGER: After God had finished making the rattlesnake, the toad and the vampire, He had some awful substance left, with which He made a scandal monger. A scandal monger is a two-legged animal with a cork-screw soul, a water-sogged brain and a combination backbone made of jelly and glue. Where other men have their hearts he carries a tumor of decayed principles. When the scandal monger comes down the street honest men turn their backs, the angels weep tears in heaven, and the devil shuts the gates of hell to keep him out. —Anon" ^ Letter Carriers v. Austin , 418 U.S. 264 (1974). ^ "War of the Classes: The Scab" . london.sonoma.edu . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l The Jack London Online Collection: Writings . ^ "How I Became a Socialist. The Comrade: An illustrated socialist monthly. Volume II, No. 6, March, 1903: Jack London: Books" . Amazon.com. 2009-09-09 . Retrieved 2011-08-26 . ^ "London, Mount" . BC Geographical Names .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p49
|
Bibliography Day, A. Grove (1996) [1984]. "Jack London and Hawaii". In Dye, Bob (ed.). Hawaiʻi Chronicles . Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press . pp. 113–119. ISBN 0-8248-1829-6 . Kershaw, Alex (1999). Jack London . New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-19904-X . Kingman, Russ (1979). A Pictorial Life of Jack London . New York: Crown Publishers, Inc. (original); also "Published for Jack London Research Center by David Rejl, California" (same ISBN). ISBN 0-517-54093-2 . London, Charmian (2003) [1921]. The Book of Jack London, Volume II . Kessinger. ISBN 0-7661-6188-9 . London, Jack; Taylor, J. Golden (1987). A Literary history of the American West . Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press. ISBN 0-87565-021-X . London, Joan (1939). Jack London and His Times . New York: Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. Library of Congress 39-33408. Lundberg, Murray. "The Life of Jack London as Reflected in his Works" . Explore North . Archived from the original on 2008-06-10. Noel, Joseph (1940). Footloose in Arcadia: A Personal Record of Jack London, George Sterling, Ambrose Bierce . New York: Carrick and Evans. Reesman, Jeanne Campbell (2009). Jack London's Racial Lives: A Critical Biography . Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press . ISBN 0-8203-2789-1 . Stasz, Clarice (1999) [1988]. American Dreamers: Charmian and Jack London . toExcel (iUniverse, Lincoln, Nebraska). ISBN 0-595-00002-9 . Stasz, Clarice (2001). Jack London's Women . Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press . ISBN 1-55849-301-8 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p50
|
Wichlan, Daniel J. (2007). The Complete Poetry of Jack London . Waterford, CT: Little Red Tree Publishing. ISBN 0-9789446-2-3 . Reesman, Jeanne; Hodson, Sara; Adam, Philip (2010). Jack London Photographer . Athens and London: University of Georgia Press. "Jack London Dies Suddenly On Ranch" . nytimes.com . 1916-11-23 . Retrieved 2011-09-22 . Novelist is Found Unconscious from Uremia, and Expires after Eleven Hours. Wrote His Life of Toil—His Experience as Sailor Reflected In His Fiction—'Call of the Wild' Gave Him His Fame." 'The New York Times,' story datelined Santa Rosa, Cal., Nov. 22; appeared November 24, 1916, p. 13. States he died 'at 7:45 o'clock tonight,' and says he was 'born in San Francisco on January 12, 1876.' The Jack London Online Collection "Jack London's death certificate, from County Record's Office, Sonoma Co., Nov. 22, 1916" . The Jack London Online Collection. 1916-11-22 . Retrieved 2014-08-14 . Stasz, Clarice (2001). "Jack [John Griffith] London" . The Jack London Online Collection . Retrieved 2014-08-14 . [ permanent dead link ] "Revolution and Other Essays: The Yellow Peril" . The Jack London Online Collection. Archived from the original on 2012-12-11 . Retrieved 2014-08-14 . "The Unparalleled Invasion" . The Jack London Online Collection . Retrieved 2014-08-14 . "Jack London's "Credo", Commentary by Clarice Stasz" . The Jack London Online Collection . Retrieved 2014-08-14 . [ permanent dead link ]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p51
|
Roy Tennant and Clarice Stasz. "Jack London's Writings" . The Jack London Online Collection . Retrieved 2014-08-14 . Jacobs, Rodger (July 1999). "Running with the Wolves: Jack London, the Cult of Masculinity, and "Might is Right " " . Panik . Retrieved 2014-08-14 . Williams, James. "Jack London's Works by Date of Composition" . The Jack London Online Collection . Retrieved 2014-08-14 . Further reading Jacobs, Rodger (preface) (2010). Asprey, Matthew (ed.). Jack London: San Francisco Stories . Sydney: Sydney Samizdat Press. ISBN 1-4538-4050-8 . Haley, James L. (2010). Wolf: The Lives of Jack London . New York City: Basic Books . ISBN 0-465-00478-4 . Hamilton, David (1986). The Tools of My Trade: Annotated Books in Jack London's Library . University of Washington . ISBN 0-295-96157-0 . Herron, Don (2004). The Barbaric Triumph: A Critical Anthology on the Writings of Robert E. Howard . Wildside Press . ISBN 0-8095-1566-0 . Howard, Robert E. (1989). Robert E. Howard Selected Letters 1923–1930 . West Warwick, RI: Necronomicon Press . ISBN 0-940884-26-7 . Labor, Earle (2013). Jack London: An American Life . New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux . ISBN 978-0374178482 . Labor, Earle, ed. (1994). The Portable Jack London . Viking Penguin . ISBN 0-14-017969-0 . London, Jack; Strunsky, Anna (2000) [1903]. The Kempton-Wace Letters . Czech Republic: Triality. ISBN 80-901876-8-4 . Lord, Glenn (1976). The Last Celt: A Bio-Bibliography of Robert E. Howard . West Kingston, RI: Donald M. Grant, Publisher .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p52
|
Oates, Joyce Carol (2013). The Accursed . HarperCollins . ISBN 978-0-06-223170-3 . Pizer, Donald , ed. (1982). Jack London: Novels and Stories . Library of America . ISBN 978-0-940450-05-9 . Pizer, Donald, ed. (1982). Jack London: Novels and Social Writing . Library of America . ISBN 978-0-940450-06-6 . Raskin, Jonah , ed. (2008). The Radical Jack London: Writings on War and Revolution . University of California Press . ISBN 0-520-25546-1 . Sinclair, Andrew (1977). Jack: A Biography of Jack London . United States: HarperCollins. ISBN 0060138998 . Starr, Kevin (1986) [1973]. Americans and the California Dream 1850–1915 . Oxford University Press . ISBN 0-19-504233-6 . Stasz, Clarice (1988). American Dreamers: Charmian and Jack London . New York: St. Martin's Press . ISBN 9780312021603 . External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jack London . Wikiquote has quotations related to: Jack London Wikisource has original works written by or about: Jack London Western American Literature Journal: Jack London Works by Jack London at Project Gutenberg Works by Jack (John Griffith) London at Faded Page (Canada) Works by or about Jack London at Internet Archive Works by Jack London at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Works by Jack London at Open Library The Jack London Online Collection Site featuring information about Jack London's life and work, and a collection of his writings. The World of Jack London Biographical information and writings
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p53
|
Jack London State Historic Park The Huntingon Library's Jack London Archive Guide to the Jack London Papers at The Bancroft Library Jack London Collection at Sonoma State University Library Jack London Stories , scanned from original magazines, including the original artwork 5 short radio episodes from Jack London's writing at California Legacy Project Howser, Huell (December 10, 1994). "Jack London – California's Gold (502)" . California's Gold . Chapman University Huell Howser Archive. Jack London Personal Manuscripts "The Life and Legacy of Jack London" . C-Span TV. September 19, 2016. v t e Works by Jack London Novels The Cruise of the Dazzler (1902) A Daughter of the Snows (1902) The Call of the Wild (1903) The Kempton-Wace Letters (1903, anonymously co-authored with Anna Strunsky ) The Sea-Wolf (1904) The Game (1905) Before Adam (1906) White Fang (1906) The Iron Heel (1908) Martin Eden (1909) Burning Daylight (1910) Adventure (1911) The Scarlet Plague (1912) A Son of the Sun (1912) The Abysmal Brute (1913) The Valley of the Moon (1913) The Mutiny of the Elsinore (1914) The Star Rover (1915) The Little Lady of the Big House (1916) Jerry of the Islands (1917) Michael, Brother of Jerry (1917) Hearts of Three (1920) The Assassination Bureau, Ltd (1963) (Unfinished, completed by Robert L. Fish ) Short stories " A Thousand Deaths " (1899)
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p54
|
" The Law of Life " (1901) " Bâtard " (1902) " Moon-Face " (1902) " The Leopard Man's Story " (1903) " To Build a Fire " (1908) " The Dream of Debs " (1909) " A Piece of Steak " (1909) " The South of the Slot " (1909) " The Heathen " (1910) " The Mexican " (1911) " The Unparalleled Invasion " (1914) " The Red One " (1918) Story collections Lost Face (1910) South Sea Tales (1911) Non-fiction The People of the Abyss (1903) The Road (1907) The Cruise of the Snark (1911) John Barleycorn (1913) Associated subjects v t e Jack London 's The Call of the Wild Films The Call of the Wild (1923) Call of the Wild (1935) The Call of the Wild (1972) Call of the Wild (2009) Call of the Wild (2020) TV The Call of the Wild (1976 movie) The Call of the Wild: Dog of the Yukon (1996 movie) Call of the Wild (2000 series) Related White Fang v t e Jack London's The Sea-Wolf Films The Sea Wolf (1913) The Sea Wolf (1920) The Sea Wolf (1926) The Sea Wolf (1930) The Sea Wolf (1941) Wolf Larsen (1958) Legend of the Sea Wolf (1975) The Sea Wolf (1993) TV Sea Wolf (2009) v t e Jack London 's White Fang Films
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p55
|
White Fang (1973) Challenge to White Fang (1974) White Fang to the Rescue (1974) White Fang (1991) White Fang 2: Myth of the White Wolf (1994) TV series The Legend of White Fang List of episodes (1992) White Fang List of episodes (1993) Related The Call of the Wild White Wolf (1990 anime movie) Authority control BIBSYS : 90064701 BNE : XX921509 BNF : cb11913283v (data) CANTIC : a10634897 CiNii : DA00473658 GND : 118574183 ISNI : 0000 0001 2130 9371 LCCN : n78086415 LNB : 000007386 MusicBrainz : c5342c3d-ad4d-48c8-be68-b1fa111ffbc8 NARA : 10580771 NDL : 00447982 NKC : jn19990005166 NLA : 35311166 NLI : 001785239 NSK : 000100018 NTA : 068764995 RERO : 02-A000106609 RKD : 436669 SELIBR : 72282 SNAC : w6rf5vjj SUDOC : 027319016 Trove : 907223 VIAF : 46764200 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 46764200 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1250 Cached time: 20191118154103 Cache expiry: 86400 Dynamic content: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 3.120 seconds Real time usage: 3.995 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 12733/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 307239/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 42139/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 24/40 Expensive parser function count: 42/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 218201/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 1.707/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 27.62 MB/50 MB Lua Profile:
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p56
|
? 520 ms 25.7% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:41> 220 ms 10.9% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::sub 160 ms 7.9% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::gsub 140 ms 6.9% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument 120 ms 5.9% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 80 ms 4.0% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity 80 ms 4.0% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::find 60 ms 3.0% (for generator) 60 ms 3.0% select_one <Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities:261> 60 ms 3.0% [others] 520 ms 25.7% Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 3345.950 1 -total 23.14% 774.414 2 Template:Reflist 12.42% 415.524 1 Template:Infobox_writer 11.99% 401.233 1 Template:Infobox 11.18% 374.103 20 Template:Citation_needed 10.97% 367.023 24 Template:Fix 9.61% 321.554 3 Template:Br_separated_entries 9.61% 321.505 41 Template:Cite_book 8.78% 293.873 21 Template:Cite_web 8.63% 288.798 1 Template:Birth_date Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:42978-0!canonical and timestamp 20191118154059 and revision id 926702844 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jack_London&oldid=926702844 " Categories : 1876 births 1916 deaths Jack London American male novelists American atheists American travel writers American war correspondents Members of the Socialist Labor Party of America Socialist Party of America politicians from California Writers from Oakland, California Writers from San Francisco War correspondents of the Russo-Japanese War People from Piedmont, California People of the Klondike Gold Rush University of California, Berkeley alumni 1906 San Francisco earthquake survivors 20th-century American novelists Works by Jack London American male short story writers American psychological fiction writers Deaths from dysentery 19th-century American short story writers 20th-century American short story writers American sailors 19th-century sailors 20th-century sailors Male sailors People from Glen Ellen, California American male non-fiction writers American democratic socialists Hidden categories: CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty Articles with Project Gutenberg links Webarchive template wayback links All articles with dead external links Articles with dead external links from December 2017 Articles with permanently dead external links Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages Articles with short description All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from October 2010 Articles with unsourced statements from March 2012 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013 Articles with unsourced statements from April 2012 Articles with unsourced statements from August 2011 Articles needing additional references from September 2017 All articles needing additional references Articles that may contain original research from January 2016 All articles that may contain original research All articles with failed verification Articles with failed verification from January 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from June 2010 Articles containing Russian-language text Articles with dead external links from November 2017 Commons category link from Wikidata Articles with Internet Archive links Articles with LibriVox links Articles with Open Library links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with LNB identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NSK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with RERO identifiers Wikipedia articles with RKDartists identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p57
|
Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read View source View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Afrikaans العربية Aragonés Armãneashti Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Български Bosanski Brezhoneg Català Чӑвашла Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն हिन्दी Hrvatski Ido Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Jawa ქართული Қазақша Kurdî Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Malagasy മലയാളം مازِرونی မြန်မာဘာသာ Nederlands 日本語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Occitan Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русский Sardu Scots Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina کوردی Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Татарча/tatarça తెలుగు Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt Winaray 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 18 November 2019, at 04:16 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191119081212id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London_p58
|
Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Statistics Cookie statement Mobile view
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p0
|
Gisele Bündchen - Wikipedia CentralNotice Gisele Bündchen From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This is the latest accepted revision , reviewed on 16 December 2019 . Jump to navigation Jump to search Gisele Bündchen Bündchen in January 2015 Born Gisele Caroline Bündchen [1] ( 1980-07-20 ) 20 July 1980 (age 39) Horizontina , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil Occupation model actress environmental activist businesswoman author Years active 1997–present Spouse(s) Tom Brady ( m. 2009) Children 2, and 1 stepchild Modeling information Height 1.80 m (5 ft 11 in) [2] Hair color Light brown [2] Eye color Blue [2] Agency IMG Models (Worldwide) [3] Model Management (Hamburg) [4] Website www .giselebundchen .com Gisele Caroline Bündchen [1] ( Brazilian Portuguese: [ʒiˈzɛli ˈbĩtʃẽ] , German: [ˈbʏntçn̩] , born 20 July 1980) [5] is a Brazilian model, environmental activist, author, actress , and businesswoman . [6] Since 2001, Bündchen was one of the highest-paid models in the world. [7] In 2007, she was the 16th richest woman in the entertainment industry, [8] and earned the top spot on Forbes top-earning models list in 2012. [9] In 2014, Bündchen was listed as the 89th Most Powerful Woman in the World by Forbes . [10] In 2002, Bündchen was the first of three Brazilian models to achieve the status of supermodel. [11] Vogue ' s credited Bündchen with ending the heroin chic era of modeling in 1999; instead ushering in a sexy , healthy look with curves and a golden tan. [12] Bündchen was a Victoria's Secret Angel from 2000 until mid-2007 and signed with Victoria's Secret in what was its biggest contract up to that point. She is credited with pioneering the "horse walk," a stomping movement created by a model lifting his or her knees high and kicking his or her feet to step. [13] In 2007, Claudia Schiffer called Bündchen the only remaining supermodel . [14] Bündchen has appeared on more than 1,200 magazine covers. [15]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p1
|
Bündchen was nominated for Choice Movie Female Breakout Star and for Choice Movie Villain at the 2005 Teen Choice Awards for her supporting role in Taxi (2004). [16] She had a supporting role in The Devil Wears Prada (2006) [17] and was the executive producer of an educational environmental cartoon, Gisele & the Green Team, in 2010 to 2011. [18] In 2016, she appeared in the Emmy award- winning documentary series Years of Living Dangerously, in the episode Fueling the Fire, sharing the episode with Arnold Schwarzenegger. [19] Bündchen's charitable endeavors include Save the Children , Red Cross and Doctors Without Borders . [20] She has been a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Program since 2009. [21] Contents 1 Family and early life 2 Career 2.1 1997–2000: Career beginnings 2.2 2000–2009: Modeling breakthrough and acting debut 2.3 2009–2011: Continued success 2.4 2012–present: Modeling campaigns and music endeavors 3 Public image 4 Philanthropy 4.1 Charitable activities 4.2 Environmental work 4.3 Goodwill ambassador 5 Personal life 5.1 Wealth 6 Filmography 7 Discography 7.1 Singles 7.2 Music videos 8 Awards and nominations 9 See also 10 References 11 External links Family and early life [ edit ] Bündchen is a Brazilian of German descent . [22] Born to Vânia ( née Nonnenmacher), a bank clerk pensioner, and Valdir Bündchen, a sociologist and writer, in Horizontina , Rio Grande do Sul , Southern Brazil [23] and raised in Rio Grande do Sul , Southern Brazil . [24] She grew up with five sisters, Raquel, Graziela, Gabriela, Rafaela and her fraternal twin , Patrícia. [25] Gisele speaks Portuguese, English, Italian, Spanish and French. [26] Bündchen learned German in school, but said she forgot the language after being out of touch with it. [22]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p2
|
Bündchen wanted to be a volleyball player but joined a modeling course with her sisters Patrícia and Gabriela at their mother's insistence in 1993, in hopes to correct her bad posture. [27] The following year, she was discovered by the Elite modeling agency at a shopping mall in São Paulo . [27] Bündchen was selected for a national contest, Elite Model Look (then known as Look of the Year), in which she placed second. In early 1995 at age 14, Bündchen moved to São Paulo to launch her modeling career. She had her first break in 1996, at New York Fashion Week . [28] Career [ edit ] 1997–2000: Career beginnings [ edit ] Bündchen traveled to London in 1997 where she auditioned for 43 shows, but took part in only two international shows. [29] Alexander McQueen chose her for his Spring 1998 ready-to-wear show, "Rain!", because of her ability to walk in towering heels on a slippery runway. [30] In 1998, Bündchen posed for Missoni , Chloé , Dolce & Gabbana , Valentino , Gianfranco Ferré , Ralph Lauren , and Versace campaigns. [31] She appeared on the cover of Vogue Paris , her first cover of British Vogue , [32] and fashion magazine i-D featured her on its cover, profiling "A Girl Called Gisele." [33] In 1999, Bündchen left Elite Model Management to switch to IMG Models , dissatisfied with Elite's work environment. [34]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p3
|
In addition to her first American Vogue cover in July 1999, dubbed "the return of the sexy model", [30] she appeared on her first group Vogue cover with fellow supermodels Kate Moss , Amber Valletta , Christy Turlington , Iman , Lauren Hutton , Naomi Campbell , Stephanie Seymour , Claudia Schiffer, Lisa Taylor , Paulina Porizkova , Carolyn Murphy , and Patti Hansen . [35] In December of that year, she once again appeared on a solo American Vogue cover. [30] She won the VH1 / Vogue Model of the Year for 1999. [36] Noting Bündchen was shooting five major campaigns at the age of 18, New York magazine editor Sally Singer said Bündchen was huge in the industry and deemed her an "über- (not super-) model." [37] She became the fourth model to appear on the cover of Rolling Stone magazine when she was named The Most Beautiful Girl in the World in 2000. [38] In 2000, Vogue ' s online encyclopedia of models called Bündchen the world's hottest model and said she opened a new category: the Brazilian bombshell. [33] 2000–2009: Modeling breakthrough and acting debut [ edit ] In 2000, Bündchen appeared on 37 international Vogue covers, including three in the American edition. [39] In January 2000, Bündchen was simultaneously featured on the covers of the U.S. and British editions of Vogue . [40] The June issue co-starred George Clooney . [41] For spring 2000 fashion week, she opened shows for Marc Jacobs , Michael Kors , Dolce & Gabbana, Christian Dior , and Valentino shows in New York, Milan and Paris. [40] From 1998–2003, Bündchen was in every Dolce & Gabbana fashion campaign, totaling 11 consecutive campaigns with the brand; she returned as the face of the brand's fragrance "The One", in campaigns from 2006 to 2009. [42] Bündchen retired from the runway upon signing a lucrative contract with Victoria's Secret. [34] In 2000, Bündchen wore Victoria's Secret's Fantasy bra, the Red Hot Fantasy Bra, worth $15 million and listed in Guinness World Records as the most expensive lingerie ever created. [43] Bündchen also modeled the "Sexy Splendor Fantasy Bra" in 2005, which was the second-most expensive bra ever made, valued at $12.5 million. [44] In 2004, she appeared on another group American Vogue cover, with Daria Werbowy , Natalia Vodianova , Isabeli Fontana , Karolina Kurkova , Liya Kebede , Hana Soukupova , Gemma Ward , and Karen Elson . [35]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p4
|
Bündchen has appeared on the covers of W , [45] Allure , [46] GQ , [47] Forbes , Marie Claire , TIME , Vanity Fair , Esquire , and in the Pirelli Calendar . [48] [49] In acting roles, Bündchen co-starred with Queen Latifah and Jimmy Fallon in the 2004 remake of Taxi and in 2006, Bündchen played Serena in The Devil Wears Prada . [50] Bündchen was chosen by Time magazine in 2007, as one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World. In September 2007, Bündchen was photographed by Mario Testino for the cover of Vanity Fair ' s style issue. [32] Forbes listed her 53rd on their 2007 list of the most powerful celebrities. [51] Ipanema Gisele Bündchen made an estimated £ 152 million (about $197 million) with more than 250 million pairs sold in 2010. [52] On 26 August 2008, the New York Daily News listed Bündchen as the fourth most powerful person in the fashion world. [53] The Independent called Bündchen the biggest star in fashion history in May 2009. [54] 2009–2011: Continued success [ edit ] In May 2007, Bündchen had ended her contract with Victoria's Secret; she described this decision as closing that chapter of her career. [55] In April 2010, Bündchen was photographed for the cover of American Vogue for the 11th time. [33] Bündchen closed Balenciaga's 2010 show in a surprise appearance. [33] [56] She ranked first on models.com's the Money Girls list and second on the Sexiest Models list. [57] In 2011, CEOWorld Magazine ranked Bündchen among their Top Accomplished Women Entertainers. [58] She was ranked No. 95 in FHM magazine's 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2011 . [59] In 2007, Bündchen was named the World's Richest Supermodel. [60] On 11 April 2008, a black-and-white photo of Bündchen that was shot by Irving Penn was auctioned for $193,000. The picture was one of dozens from the collection of Gert Elfering that were sold at Christie's International in New York. Bündchen's picture brought the highest price. [61] [62]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p5
|
By 2010, Bündchen had appeared on two Vogue Shape issue covers, more than any other celebrity or model. [63] She ranked No. 45 in the 2011 FHM Australia list of 100 Sexiest Women in the World. [64] In 2011, Men's Health named Bündchen as No. 25 of the 100 Hottest Women of All Time. [65] Bündchen closed the 2011 Givenchy spring-summer fashion show in a surprise appearance during Paris Fashion Week. [66] That year, Bündchen launched eco-friendly Sejaa Pure Skincare, a skin care product line using all-natural ingredients. [67] She appeared on eight Vogue covers in 2011, more than any other model or celebrity that year. [68] Her July Vogue Brasil 2011 cover that was shot in the Amazon sold 70,743 copies, making it the magazine's highest-selling issue. [69] In early 2011, Procter & Gamble's Pantene shampoo sales increased 40 percent in Latin America after Bündchen started representing the product. [70] 2012–present: Modeling campaigns and music endeavors [ edit ] In spring 2012, Bündchen was featured in three spring campaigns, Versace, Givenchy, and Salvatore Ferragamo. [71] She became the face of Banco do Brasil's first global ad campaign in 2012. [72] In April 2012, Time listed Bündchen on its All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons list, which highlighted the most influential fashion icons since 1923. [73] Vogue included Bündchen in its spotlight of the 10 women who had most appeared on its covers to honor the magazine's 120th anniversary in August 2012. [74]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p6
|
Bündchen in 2014 Bündchen made 5,600 appearances in commercials in Brazil in 2012. [75] She replaced Kate Moss as the face of David Yurman in August 2012. She was photographed by Peter Lindbergh for the fall 2012 campaign. [76] By 2012, Bündchen had appeared on 120 Vogue covers. She holds the record for appearing on the most Vogue Brasil covers. [77] In February 2013, Bündchen became the face of Chanel's make-up line, Les Beiges. The campaign was photographed by Mario Testino. [78] For Louis Vuitton's spring/summer 2014 campaign, Marc Jacobs chose Bündchen, Catherine Deneuve , Sofia Coppola , Fan Bingbing , Caroline de Maigret and Edie Campbell as his muses. [79] In December 2013, Bündchen became Pantene 's ambassador, a deal worth $4 million per year. [80] [81] Bündchen at the opening ceremony of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro Bündchen released a cover of the Kinks " All Day and All of the Night " as a contribution to H&M's 2013 charity campaign. [82] She contributed to H&M's 2014 charity campaign by teaming with French music producer and DJ Bob Sinclar to record a cover of Blondie 's 1979 classic " Heart of Glass ", on which she was credited as Gisele. [83] The single charted in France, Germany, Spain, Austria and Belgium. [82] In May 2014, Bündchen was chosen as the spokeswoman for Chanel No. 5 . [84] Within the first quarter of 2014, Bündchen appeared on 17 international editions of Elle , including the Brazilian, German, Italian, Canadian, Japanese and Chinese editions. [85] Under Armour signed Bündchen to a multiyear deal in September 2014. [86] In 2014 and 2015, Bündchen appeared in more television commercial spots than any other Brazilian celebrity in the course of one year in Brazil. [87] [88]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p7
|
Bündchen getting ready for the Met Gala, 2017 Bündchen was featured in the 2015 Guinness World Record book as the model who earned the most money from June 2014 to June 2015. [89] Bündchen's $700 Taschen book released in celebration of her 20th year career sold out in one day. [90] By 2015, Bündchen appeared in more than 550 ad campaigns, 2000 magazine covers, 3500 magazine editorials and 800 fashion shows. [91] Bündchen appeared at the Maracanã Stadium at the opening ceremony of the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro on August 5, 2016. [92] [93] Bündchen in 2006 Forbes ranked Bündchen No. 61 on its Most Powerful Celebrities list in 2012. [94] Forbes ranked her fourth on the World's Most Powerful Latino Celebrity list in May 2012. [95] In 2013, she ranked No. 5 on the Forbes 10 Most Powerful Businesswomen in Brazil . [96] In 2013, Bündchen's Ipanema sandals sold about 25 million pairs annually and accounted for more than 60 percent of shoe manufacturer Grendene's annual exports of about $250 million. [97] In 2014, Bündchen signed a contract with Under Armour , which is reportedly on par with the endorsement compensations of professional athletes and exceeds her former Victoria's Secret contract. [98] In 2016, Under Armour's CEO Kevin Plank said sales for the company's women's brand had increased because of its association with Bündchen. [99]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p8
|
In 2018, Gisele released her book called Lessons: My Path to a Meaningful Life , which was a New York Times bestseller and was the best selling book for over six months in the non-fiction category in Brazil. [100] [101] [102] The proceeds from her book went to support social and environmental causes. [102] Public image [ edit ] In September 2000, Newsweek reported on a survey conducted by Brazilian magazine Capricho, where 86 percent of Brazilian teenagers said they wanted to become fashion models. Capricho attributed the interest in modeling to Bündchen. [103] By 2014, Bündchen was listed by Forbes as the 89th most powerful woman in the world. [104] Forbes Brasil listed Bündchen as the No. 2 biggest Brazilian celebrity of 2015 based on media presence and influence in Brazil. [105] In a 2006 Elle survey, more than 50 percent of American stylists asked gave Bündchen the title of the best hair in Hollywood. [106] A February 2008 survey of more than 20,000 plastic surgeons in 84 countries revealed Bündchen was the celebrity most mentioned for patients having work done on their abdomens and hair, and the second-most mentioned celebrity in the breasts category. [107] Bündchen was second on Vanity Fair ' s World's Most Beautiful poll in 2009. [108] In January 2011, Bündchen's was the most desired female body on the 14th Annual Famed Hottest Looks survey. [109] In 2011, Bündchen was one of three women to make AskMen.com ’s annual "Most Desirable Women" list every year for 10 consecutive years. [110]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p9
|
Bündchen is ranked No. 4 on Forbes Brasil ' s list of the 100 most influential Brazilian celebrities. [111] In May 2014, Bündchen was ranked No. 89 on Forbes ' 100 Most Powerful Women in the world, the only model on the list. [112] In November 2014, Forbes Brasil ranked Bündchen fifth of the 25 biggest celebrities in Brazil, moving her up to second in 2015. [113] [114] [115] Vogue Italia called Bündchen the "King Midas of fashion" in February 2012, saying companies that invest in her reap the awards of her representation. [116] An Esprit public awareness campaign featuring Bündchen helped raise consumer awareness 9 percent in Germany and 19 percent in China. [117] Philanthropy [ edit ] Charitable activities [ edit ] Bündchen traveling with the United Nations in 2010 Bündchen donated $150,000 to Brazil's Zero Hunger program . [118] She designed a limited necklace edition for Harper's Bazaar , crafted by jewelers Gumuchian Fils, which were sold to raise money for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital . [119] An iPod autographed by Bündchen and loaded with her personal playlist was auctioned, and proceeds were donated to Music Rising , a campaign founded in 2005 to replace lost or destroyed instruments of musicians in the Gulf Coast Region after hurricane disasters . [120] Bündchen became the face of American Express Red in 2006. A portion of earnings from the credit card are donated to HIV/AIDS victims in Africa. [121] In 2009, she appeared on 30 covers of the international issues of Elle wearing Product Red clothing and posing with products from companies that support its mission. [122] [123]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p10
|
Bündchen started The Luz Foundation in 2007, a project to empower girls and help them deal with self-esteem issues. [124] In 2008, Bündchen auctioned a collection of diamonds to benefit the Diamond Empowerment Fund, a nonprofit organization to education initiatives in countries where diamonds are a natural resource. The collection featured the Ponahalo Diamonds which were valued at $2 million to $4 million, a 6-carat diamond ring worth $120,000-$150,000 and a 3.35-carat Sabbadini diamond ring worth $15,000-$20,000. [125] In 2010, she donated $1.5 million to the Red Cross to aid the relief effort in Haiti after seeing the devastation done by the earthquake. [126] The donation put Bündchen tied for 14th on The Giving Back Fund's list of 30 celebrities who made the largest donations to charity in 2011. [127] Environmental work [ edit ] A 2004 trip to an "indian tribe" on the Xingu River prompted Bündchen's interest in environmental issues, after she learned of the devastation of deforestation and polluted rivers. [128] In 2007, she signed a "Hotter than I Should Be” T-shirt that was auctioned on eBay for the World Wildlife Fund to support the charity's campaign to raise awareness about the causes and impacts of climate change. [129] Bündchen returned to her hometown of Horizontina in 2008 and with her family launched Projeto Água Limpa (Clean Water Project), which implements sustainable environmental management and promotes the recovery of riparian vegetation and the micro basins of the region. [130]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p11
|
More than one million trees were planted in Bündchen's name following her 2008 American Photo cover to promote Forests of the Future, a project to assist in the reforestation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest . [131] In May 2009, Bündchen co-hosted the Rainforest Alliance 's annual gala to honor leaders in sustainability. [132] In May 2011, Bündchen was named Harvard's 2011 Global Environmental Citizen in recognition of her eco-efforts. [133] In November 2011, she was awarded Greenest Celebrity at the 2011 International Green awards at the National History Museum of London. [134] In 2016, she joined the climate change documentary show Years of Living Dangerously as one of its celebrity correspondents. [135] Goodwill ambassador [ edit ] Bündchen wins the UNEP Champions of the Earth Award in 2014 Bündchen and her husband, Tom Brady, served Thanksgiving dinner to more than 400 job trainees at Goodwill Industries International 's headquarters in Roxbury, Massachusetts, in November 2008. [136] In September 2009, Bündchen was designated Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Environment Programme. [137] She made her first visit to Africa as UNEP Goodwill Ambassador in January 2012. [138] Bündchen donates proceeds from the sales from her Ipanema sandals to a different charity each year. In 2011, the donation went to the Socio-environmental Institute. [139] In January 2012, Bündchen visited Kenya to experience the reality of energy poverty as part of the Energy for All 2030 project. [140] On the eve of World Environment Day in June 2012, Bündchen, planted the first of a series of 50,000 trees in Rio de Janeiro . [141] In January 2014, Bündchen joined the Rainforest Alliance board of directors. [142]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p12
|
Personal life [ edit ] Bündchen has been romantically linked with model Scott Barnhill and actor Josh Hartnett . [143] From 2000 to 2005, Bündchen was in a relationship with actor Leonardo DiCaprio . [144] In 2004, Bündchen and DiCaprio made People ' s annual Most Beautiful Couples List. [145] Brazilian businessman and polo player Rico Mansur said he and Bündchen dated for a short time in 2002. [146] She dated surfer Kelly Slater for six months in 2005-2006. [147] Bündchen began dating New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady in late 2006 [148] after a mutual friend introduced them on a blind date. [149] The couple married on February 26, 2009 in a small ceremony at St. Monica Catholic Church in Santa Monica, California . [150] In April 2009, the couple had a second marriage ceremony, in Costa Rica. [151] Bündchen and Brady have two children: a son (b.2009), [152] and a daughter (b.2012). [153] She is stepmother to Brady's first son from a previous relationship with actress Bridget Moynahan . [154] [155] Bündchen practices Transcendental Meditation . [156] She and her family adhere to a primarily plant-based diet developed by their personal chef Allen Campbell. [157] [158] They live in Brookline, Massachusetts and New York City . [159] Wealth [ edit ] In August 2011, Bündchen ranked 60th on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. [160] At age 31, she ranked third on The 20 Youngest Power Women of 2011 List. [161] In 2011, Forbes named Bündchen and Brady as the World's Highest-Paid Celebrity couple. [162] In August 2012, Bündchen was one of four people in the fashion industry and the only model to be ranked on the Forbes list of "The World's Most Powerful Women," at No. 83. She ranked eighth in the top 10 of the Forbes list of "Entertainment's Highest-Paid Women" in 2012. [163]
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p13
|
Forbes ranked Bündchen as the world's top-earning model for the fifth consecutive time in May 2011. [164] Bündchen disputed the number used by Forbes , telling Brazilian website MdeMulher that the inflated estimates have made her a subject of auditing by the IRS . [165] In 2013, Bündchen ranked third on the 16 Most Successful Female Entrepreneurs list by Forbes . [166] Forbes estimated Bündchen's 2016 income at $30.5 million. [167] Bündchen was the highest-paid model in the world from 2002–2017. [168] Filmography [ edit ] Film Year Title Role Notes 2004 Taxi Vanessa Nominated— Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Breakout Performance - Female Nominated— Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Villain 2006 The Devil Wears Prada Serena 2008 Coração Vagabundo Herself Documentary 2013 Mademoiselle C. 2018 Tom vs Time Television Year Title Role Notes 1996 MTV al Dente Host Season 3 2006 The O.C. Herself Episode: "The Heavy Lifting" 2010–11 Gisele & the Green Team Gisele Voice; also executive producer Discography [ edit ] Singles [ edit ] List of singles, with selected chart positions and certifications Title Year Peak chart positions Album AUT [169] BEL [170] FRA [171] GER [172] HUN [173] POL [174] SPA [175] US Dance [176] " All Day and All of the Night " [177] 2013 — — — — — — — 39
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p14
|
Non-album singles " Heart of Glass " [178] (with Bob Sinclar ) 2014 63 66 31 73 31 31 27 — "—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory. Music videos [ edit ] List of music videos, showing director Title Year Director "All Day and All of the Night" 2013 Amir Chamdin [179] "Heart of Glass" 2014 N/A Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Award Nominated work Category Result Ref. 1998 Phytoervas Fashion Award Model of the Year Won [180] 1999 Vh1/ Vogue Fashion Awards [181] 2005 Teen Choice Awards Taxi Choice Movie: Female Breakout Star Nominated Choice Movie: Villain 2006 Premios Juventud Fashion and Image: Supermodel 2007 Premios Juventud Fashion and Image: Supermodel 2011 Harvard Medical School Global Citizen Award Won [182] 2011 International Green Awards Best Green International Celebrity Award [183] 2017 Green Carpet Fashion Award Eco Laureate award See also [ edit ] List of Brazilians References [ edit ] ^ a b "Gisele Bündchen's Most Iconic Catwalk Moments" . L'Officiel . ^ a b c Per "Stats" pulldown at "Gisele" . IMG Models . Retrieved 2 August 2017 . ^ "Gisele: IMG Models" . Imgmodels.com . Retrieved 27 January 2018 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen - Model" . Models.com . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen: "Brazil Should Become World Champion " " . Deutsche Welle . 27 May 2006. Archived from the original on 29 May 2006 . Retrieved 3 March 2011 . Gisele Bündchen was born – together with her twin sister Patricia – on 20 July 1980 in Brazil
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p15
|
^ Nolen, Jeannette L. "Gisele Bündchen" . britannica.com . Retrieved October 25, 2019 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen: First Billionaire Supermodel?" . People . ^ Goldman, Lea; Blakeley, Kiri (18 January 2007). "The 20 Richest Women In Entertainment" . Forbes . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ Solomon, Brian (14 June 2012). "The World's Highest Paid Models" . Forbes.com . Retrieved 20 June 2012 . ^ "World's Most Powerful Women in Media and Entertainment 2014: No. 89. Gisele Bundchen" . Forbes . ^ Blakeley, Kiri (19 July 2007). "The World's Top-Earning Models" . Forbes Magazine . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ "Gisele Bundchen - Vogue.it" (in Italian) . Retrieved 2018-03-28 . ^ O'Connell, Vanessa (20 March 2008). "How to Walk Like a Model" . The Wall Street Journal . Dow Jones & Company, Inc . Retrieved 20 February 2011 . ^ " " Supermodels like we once were don't exist any more " " . Vogue.co.uk . 4 September 2007 . Retrieved 21 October 2019 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen: Style File" . Vogue . Retrieved 20 January 2019 . ^ "Beauty and Bucks: Richest Supermodels" . The Washington Times . ^ "The Devil Wears Prada" . tvguide.com . Retrieved October 25, 2019 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen talks about modeling, her family and 'Gisele & the Green Team ' " . Los Angeles Times.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p16
|
^ Publisher = National Geographic "Years of Living Dangerously" Check |url= value ( help ) . Retrieved 13 December 2019 . ^ "Report: Gisele Ups Brangelina By Giving $1.5 Million to the Red Cross" . NBC New York . ^ Shanahan, Mark; Goldstein, Meredith (21 September 2009). "Bundchen the environmentalist" . Boston Globe . ^ a b "Gisele Bündchen: "Brazil Should Become World Champion " " . Carlos Albuquerque . Retrieved 23 January 2008 . ^ "Deutsche Welle: Gisele Bündchen fala sobre futebol e suas raízes alemãs (in Portuguese)" . ^ Bennetts, Leslie. "And God Created Gisele" . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 22 November 2012 . ^ "Seeing Double: Celebs Who Have a Twin" . People. ^ "Gisele Bündchen: Business model - it takes more than just good looks" . Independent.co.uk . 23 August 2013 . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ a b Marc Myers (3 January 2019). "Before Stardom, Gisele Bündchen Thought of Herself as 'Strange Looking ' " . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 7 January 2019 . ^ Rothman, Michael (April 15, 2015). "Gisele Bündchen Confirms She's Retiring From the Runway" . ABC News . ^ "Gisele Bündchen Was Rejected 42 Times Before Landing Her First Major Job" . Elle. ^ a b c Haskell, Rob (June 14, 2018). "Can Gisele Save the Planet?" . Vogue .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p17
|
^ Trebay, Guy (May 14, 2016). "Gisele Inc" . New York Times . Retrieved October 23, 2019 . ^ a b "Gisele Bündchen Model Profile" . New York Magazine . Archived from the original on 3 December 2014 . Retrieved 22 October 2019 . ^ a b c d Sullivan, Robert. "Profile" . Vogue.com . Archived from the original on 31 March 2014 . Retrieved 7 January 2013 . ^ a b Andrews, Suzanna (October 2004). "THERE'S SOMETHING ABOUT GISELE" . Vanity Fair . ^ a b "Photos: The Gang's All Here: 7 Iconic Group Model Vogue Covers" . Vogue . ^ Epstein, Eli (June 15, 2012). "IN PICTURES: The Incredible Life Of Supermodel Gisele Bündchen" . Business Insider . ^ Singer, Sally (May 10, 1999). "Fashion Moment" . New York Magazine . ^ "The Most Beautiful Girl" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved October 22, 2019 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen Covers" . Fashion Model Directory . ^ a b "Gisele Bündchen Biography" . British Vogue . ^ "June 2000" . Vogue Archive . ^ "Gisele Bündchen" . Business of Fashion. ^ "2018 VICTORIA'S SECRET FASHION SHOW BY THE NUMBERS" . E! Online . ^ Holmes, Sally (October 27, 2016). "Enjoy The Wonderment Of Gisele Discovering Her 2005 Fantasy Bra" . Elle . ^ "A Tribute to Gisele Bündchen, 12-Time W Magazine Cover Star" . W . July 20, 2018.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p18
|
^ "Happy Birthday, Gisele: Her Best Looks of All Time" . Allure . July 20, 2015. On Allure's December 2000 cover ^ "Gisele Bündchen: Gossip Girl" . GQ . June 1, 2008. ^ "Gisele Bio" . IMG Models . ^ "Exclusive: See Rare Pirelli Calendar Photos on Display at New York Fashion Week" . Vogue . ^ "Gisele Bündchen's Career Highlights" . New York Mag . Retrieved 20 January 2019 . ^ "#53 Gisele Bundchen" . Forbes . 14 June 2007 . Retrieved 20 September 2012 . ^ Alexander, Ella (2 June 2011). "Gisele The Billionaire" . Retrieved 18 August 2011 . ^ "Photog Remembers When Nobody Liked Gisele" . abcnews.go.com . Retrieved 20 January 2019 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen: Charmed life of the mega-model" . The Independent . London. 12 May 2009 . Retrieved 3 May 2010 . How did the girl from Brazil become the biggest star in fashion history? ^ Triggs, Charlotte (1 May 2007). "Gisele Bündchen, Victoria's Secret Part Ways" . People . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ "Rio Carnival pictures 2011; Gisele photos Celebrity Pictures" . Marie Claire. Archived from the original on 4 January 2014 . Retrieved 7 January 2013 . ^ "The Money Girls are Here" . Models.com . ^ "Accomplished Women Entertainers" . CEOWORLD magazine . 18 May 2011. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p19
|
^ 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2011 Archived 30 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine , FHM magazine ^ "Gisele Bundchen Named World's Richest Model" . People . Retrieved 1 September 2011 . ^ Beggy, Carol; Shanahan, Mark (12 April 2008). "Photo of Gisele brings big bucks" . Boston Globe . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ " " Foto de Gisele nua é comprada em leilão por US$193 mile", (Portuguese) xclusivo.terra.com.br" . Exclusivo.terra.com.br . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ "Shaping a Decade: Ten Years of Vogue Shape Issue" . Archived from the original on 19 April 2013 . Retrieved 14 February 2013 . ^ "FHM's 100 Sexiest Women in the World 2011" . Archived from the original on 13 May 2011 . Retrieved 1 September 2011 . ^ "The 100 Hottest Women of All-Time" . Men's Health . 2011 . Retrieved 3 January 2012 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen Closes Out Givenchy's All-Star Show – The Cut" . Nymag.com. 27 December 2012 . Retrieved 7 January 2013 . ^ "Gisele Bundchen to Launch Eco-Friendly Skincare Line" . People . 2010-03-14. ^ "This Year in Vogue: An Analysis of all the Covers from 2011 – Fashionista: Fashion Industry News, Designers, Runway Shows, Style Advice" . Fashionista.com. 8 December 2011 . Retrieved 22 January 2012 . ^ "A Vogue brasileira mais vendida de todos os tempos" 10 February 2012, Brazil Vogue (in Portuguese) Archived 18 July 2012 at Archive.today
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p20
|
^ Blankfeld, Keren; Bertoni, Steven (5 May 2011). "The World's Top-Earning Models" . Forbes . ^ "The Year of Gisele and Lisbeth?" 22 December 2011, Elle Archived 4 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine ^ "From Brazil to the World" Archived 1 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine News, 27 February 2012, Gisele web site ^ Katy Steinmetz (2 April 2012). "All-TIME 100 Fashion Icons – Gisele Bündchen" . Time . Retrieved 2 April 2012 . ^ "Fashion's Familiar Faces: The Women Who Have Most Often Graced the Cover of Vogue" . Vogue. Archived from the original on 19 December 2012 . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ "Camila Pitanga supera Gianecchini e Neymar em campanhas publicitárias | Quem - Notícias em QUEM News" . Revistaquem.globo.com. 27 December 2012 . Retrieved 7 January 2013 . ^ Adams, Rebecca (26 August 2012). "Kate Moss Reportedly Replaced By Gisele Bundchen As The Face Of David Yurman" . The Huffington Post . Retrieved 4 February 2013 . ^ "Gisele Bundchen Covers 'Vogue' Brazil For What Seems Like The Millionth Time — PHOTO" . Bustle . ^ "GISELE BUNDCHEN LANDS FIRST CHANEL CAMPAIGN WITH "LES BEIGES" COLLECTION" . FashionGoneRogue. 4 February 2013 . Retrieved 4 February 2013 . ^ "Louis Vuitton Campaign a Tribute to Marc Jacobs' Muses" . 19 December 2013. ^ "Gisele Bündchen Sizzles as Pantene's Newest Ambassador" . Businesswire.com .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p21
|
^ "Mais um contrato mundial para Gisele Bündchen engordar o cofrinho ..." Glamurama.uol.com.br . ^ a b Bergin, Olivia (3 September 2013). "Gisele Bundchen to release charity single for H&M campaign" . The Telegraph . London . Retrieved 12 July 2014 . ^ "Gisele, regina dance per Bob Sinclar: canta in bikini animalier" (in Italian). Repubblica TV . 22 April 2014 . Retrieved 12 July 2014 . ^ "Baz Luhrmann and Gisele Bündchen Take Five" . Wwd.com . ^ Olivia Lidbury (24 June 2014). "Gis-Elle Bundchen's 17 cover marathon" . telegraph.co.uk . Archived from the original on 27 June 2014 . Retrieved 30 August 2015 . ^ Matt Townsend (2 September 2014). "Under Armour Signs Model Gisele in Push to Entice Women" . Bloomberg.com . Retrieved 29 March 2015 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen lidera ranking de famosos em comerciais de TV" . G1.globo.com . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ "G1 - Gisele Bündchen desbanca Neymar em ranking de aparição em comercial" . Midia e Marketing . Retrieved 29 March 2015 . ^ "Gisele no Guiness [sic] Book como modelo mais bem paga do mundo" . Glamura.uol.com.br . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ "Gisele's $700 Book Sells Out" . Vogue.co.uk . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ "Runways - Gisele Bündchen" . Giselebundchen.com . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ Heldman, Breanne L. "Gisele Bündchen dazzles at the Olympics Opening Ceremony in Rio" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved 5 August 2016 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p22
|
^ "Gisele Bündchen to Walk the 2016 Olympics Opening Ceremony" . Harpersbazaar.com . 18 July 2016. ^ "J.Lo's Stunning Career Reincarnation Puts Her No. 1 On The Celebrity 100" 16 May 2012, Forbes. ^ Anderson Antunes (18 April 2012). "The Worlds Most Powerful Latino Celebrities" . Forbes.com . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ Antunes, Anderson. "The 10 Most Powerful Businesswomen In Brazil" . Forbes . Retrieved 5 June 2013 . ^ Antunes, Anderson. "Brazils newest billionaire has Giselle to thank as he joins Forbes list of the worlds richest" . Forbes.com . Retrieved 15 February 2014 . ^ Altunes, Anderson. "UPDATED: Gisele Bundchen's New Under Armour Gig" . Forbes . ^ "Under Armour is using Gisele for an aggressive expansion plan — and it should terrify Lululemon" . Businessinsider.com . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ "From breast implants to life with Tom Brady: 5 'Lessons' from Gisele Bundchen's book" . USA Today . Retrieved 22 November 2019 . ^ " " I Never Go a Day Without Dessert"—This and More, From Gisele Bündchen's New Book, Lessons" . Vogue . Retrieved 22 November 2019 . ^ a b "Gisele's 'Lessons' becomes a bestseller" . Boston.com . Retrieved 22 November 2019 . ^ "This Year's Model" . Newsweek.com . 25 September 2000 . Retrieved 1 November 2014 . ^ "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women" . Forbes.com . Retrieved 26 June 2014 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p23
|
^ "This Year's Model" . Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. ^ "Gisele Bundchen – Gisele Tops Elle Hair Poll" . Contactmusic.com . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ "Celebrity Influences on Plastic Surgery" . Retrieved 18 October 2019 . ^ "Angelina Jolie Is the Most Beautiful Woman in the World" . Retrieved 27 December 2012 . ^ "EXCLUSIVE: 14th Annual America's Most Wanted Celebrity Body Parts" . Fox News. 6 January 2011. ^ "Who's the Most Desirable Actress in Hollywood?" . Imnotobsessed.com. 19 September 2011. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013 . Retrieved 24 December 2012 . ^ "FORBES Brasil traz as 100 celebridades mais influentes do país em 2013" . Forbesbrasil.br.msn.com . Archived from the original on 20 March 2014 . Retrieved 20 March 2014 . ^ "The World's Most Powerful Women 2014 - Forbes" . Forbes.com . ^ "25 maiores celebridades do Brasil em 2014 - Forbes Brasil" . Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. ^ "Stuart Weitzman's Susan Duffy, The Image Innovator - Daily Front Row" . Fashionweekdaily.com . ^ "RANKING: 25 maiores celebridades do Brasil em 2015 - Forbes Brasil" . Archived from the original on 20 March 2017. ^ vogue.it (22 November 2011). "Gisele the Millionaire" . Vogue.it . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ 'Gisele Bundchen For The Esprit Spring Summer 2012 Collection" 15 March 2012, Svesty Fashion
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p24
|
^ Rohter, Larry (30 March 2003). "Brazil's War on Hunger Off to a Slow Start" . New York Times . Retrieved 21 October 2019 . ^ "How Gisele Spends It" . Harpers Bazaar . 15 July 2014 . Retrieved 21 October 2019 . ^ "Page 1 of 1 for Gisele Bundchen Charity News" . Looktothestars.org . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ "China Daily – Lifestyle" . China Daily . 1 September 2006 . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen To Be Latest Promoter Of (Product) Red Clothing & Products" . Fashion.exposay.com. 12 May 2011. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014 . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ "Elle Magazine Features Gisele for (RED)" . Joinred.com. 22 July 2009. Archived from the original on 28 February 2009 . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ "… And God Created Gisele" . Vanity Fair . Retrieved 21 October 2019 . ^ WWD staff (17 September 2008). "Gisele's Sale… Running Bases… Yes, We Khan…" . Women's Wear Daily . Retrieved 21 October 2019 . ^ Meredith Goldstein, Mark Shanahan (15 January 2010). "Gisele gives $1.5m to Haiti relief effort" . The Boston Globe . Retrieved 20 December 2012 . ^ 2011 Giving Back 30 Released in Parade Magazine & Parade.com Archived 15 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine Giving Back.org
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p25
|
^ Bundchen, Gisele. "Bio by Patricia Bundchen, Gisele's twin sister" . Gisele Bundchen . Gisele Bundchen . Retrieved October 22, 2019 . ^ "Celebrities Say They're 'Hotter than They Should Be ' " . WWF . World Wildlife Fund. October 3, 2007 . Retrieved October 22, 2019 . ^ "United Nations Environment Programme" . United Nations Environment Programme environment for development . United Nations. Archived from the original on December 23, 2011 . Retrieved October 22, 2019 . ^ "Gisele Bundchen Goes Au Naturel For Rainforests" . Looktothestars.org . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ "UNEP Goodwill Ambassadors" . 23 December 2011. Archived from the original on 23 December 2011 . Retrieved 8 April 2019 . ^ Zalopany, Chelsea. "Eco Fashion – Voguepedia" . Vogue.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2012 . Retrieved 7 January 2013 . ^ Angie Tarantino. "Super model Gisele Bundchen wins greenest celebrity award" . Theenvironmentalblog.org. Archived from the original on 12 May 2014 . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ "Gisele will appear on National Geographic's 'Years of Living Dangerously ' " . boston.com . Retrieved 17 June 2016 . ^ Vanni, Olivia (November 28, 2008). "You got served! Tom Brady and Gisele Bundchen dish out food for Goodwill" . The Boston Herald . The Boston Herald . Retrieved October 22, 2019 . ^ "Supermodel Gisele Bundchen becomes UN Environmental Ambassador" . Unep.org. 22 May 2007. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014 . Retrieved 3 June 2011 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p26
|
^ UNEP Goodwill Ambassador Gisele Bundchen Backs 'Small is Beautiful' Energy Solutions on First Mission to Africa 13 January 2012, UNEP ^ Milligan, Lauren (November 28, 2011). "Gisele Bundchen" . Vogue . Vogue . Retrieved October 22, 2019 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen visits Practical Action's energy access projects in Kenya" . Practicalaction.org. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012 . Retrieved 24 December 2012 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen planta árvore no Rio de Janeiro" . veja.abril.com.br. 4 June 2012 . Retrieved 7 June 2012 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen Joins Rainforest Alliance Board of Directors" . Archived from the original on 4 January 2014. ^ " ' Marriage? I've so much to do first ' " . telegraph.co.uk. 7 September 2001 . Retrieved 25 January 2016 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen finally reveals why she and Leonardo DiCaprio broke up" . USA Today . 1 February 2019 . Retrieved 1 August 2019 . ^ "Most Beautiful Couples" . People.com. 21 April 2005 . Retrieved 11 January 2013 . ^ "ISTOÉ Gente - O eleito da Top" (in Portuguese). terra.com.br. 25 November 2002 . Retrieved 25 January 2016 . ^ "Slater-Bundchen" . NBC Sports . NBC . Retrieved October 25, 2019 . ^ "Tom Brady & Gisele Bundchen: New Couple?" . People . Archived from the original on 6 September 2015 . Retrieved 7 December 2012 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p27
|
^ "Patriots Quarterback Tom Brady on Football, Fatherhood, and Gisele Bündchen" . Archived from the original on 2 October 2013 . Retrieved 27 April 2013 . ^ Finn, Natalie (27 March 2009). "It's True. Tom Brady, Gisele Bündchen Secretly Wed" . E! . Archived from the original on 2 April 2011 . Retrieved 12 September 2010 . ^ Martin, Annie (27 February 2015). "Gisele Bundchen shares wedding photo with Tom Brady: The model and NFL star married in two separate ceremonies in 2009" . UPI . Archived from the original on 10 March 2015 . Retrieved 8 September 2015 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen and Tom Brady Name Son Benjamin" . People . 18 December 2009. Archived from the original on 10 March 2010 . Retrieved 3 June 2011 . ^ Leon, Anya; Triggs, Charlotte (7 December 2012). "Gisele Bündchen and Tom Brady Welcome Daughter Vivian Lake" . People . Archived from the original on 5 September 2015 . Retrieved 7 December 2012 . ^ "Bridget Moynahan 'Thankful' for Healthy Baby" . People.com . Retrieved 18 January 2018 . ^ "Supermodel Gisele Bündchen: breastfeeding should be made law" . The Daily Telegraph . London. 2 August 2010 . Retrieved 20 January 2010 . ^ Plummer, Todd (May 9, 2017). "Why Gisele Wants You to Start Meditating" . vogue.com . Vogue . Retrieved October 25, 2019 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p28
|
^ "Gisele Bündchen Says Her Kids Eat a (Mostly!) Plant-Based Diet: It's 'Good for Our Health' and 'the Planet ' " . People.com . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ "Meet the chef who decides what Tom Brady eats—and what he definitely doesn't" . Boston.com . ^ Hua, Karen (2 February 2017). "Inside The Multimillion-Dollar Homes Of Tom Brady" . Forbes . Archived from the original on 11 August 2017 . Retrieved 4 February 2019 . ^ "Profile" . Forbes.com. 18 April 2012 . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ Jenna Goudreau (18 April 2012). "The 20 Youngest Power Women of 2011" . Forbes.com . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ Antunes, Anderson. "The World's Highest-Paid Celebrity Couples" . Forbes.com LLC . Retrieved 13 December 2011 . ^ Dorothy Pomerantz (18 April 2012). "Oprah Tops Our List Of Entertainment's Highest-Paid Women, But Her Reign May Soon End" . Forbes . Retrieved 19 December 2012 . ^ and Steven Bertoni, Keren Blankfeld (5 May 2011). "The World's Top-Earning Models" . Forbes . Retrieved 11 May 2011 . ^ "Gisele Audited By IRS, Blames Forbes: 'I Earn Plenty, But Not As Much As They Say ' " . Forbes. I do OK, I earn plenty, but not as much as they say. I've already been audited by the IRS because of this list and, truthfully, whether I'm on this list or not doesn't interest me.
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p29
|
^ Casserly, Meghan. "The World's Most Powerful Female Entrepreneurs" . Forbes . Retrieved 5 June 2013 . ^ "Gisele Bündchen" . 2016 . Retrieved 16 February 2017 . ^ Calfas, Jennifer (November 21, 2017). "After 15 Years, Gisele Bundchen Is No Longer the World's Highest-Paid Model" . money.com . Money . Retrieved October 25, 2019 . ^ "Gisele - Austrian charts" . Ö3 Austria Top 40 . Retrieved 18 April 2014 . ^ "Gisele Ultratop Discografie" . Ultratop.be/nl/ . Retrieved 25 February 2012 . ^ "Gisele & Bob Sinclar discography" . swedishcharts.com . Hung Medien . Retrieved 18 April 2014 . ^ "Gisele & Bob Sinclair – 'Heart of Glass ' " (in German). GfK Entertainment . Retrieved 5 December 2018 . ^ "Single (track) Top 20 lista - 2014. 27. hét2014. 06. 30. - 2014. 07. 06" (in German). Association of Hungarian Record Companies . Retrieved 24 April 2011 . ^ "Top w dyskotekach - 07 lipca - 13 lipca 2014 r." OLiS . 30 May 2011. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014 . Retrieved 4 June 2011 . ^ "Gisele & Bob Sinclar discography" . swedishcharts.com . Hung Medien . Retrieved 18 April 2014 . ^ "October 5, 2013: Dance Club Songs" . Billboard . Retrieved 3 May 2015 . ^ "All Day and All of the Night - Single by Gisele Bündchen" . London: iTunes. 10 April 2014 . Retrieved 11 April 2014 .
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p30
|
^ "Heart of Glass (Radio Edit) - Single by Gisele & Bob Sinclar" . London: iTunes. 10 April 2014 . Retrieved 11 April 2014 . ^ "H&M FALL FASHION - Gisele Bündchen - "All Day and All of the Night " " . Chamdinstohr . 13 May 2010. Archived from the original on 30 July 2014 . Retrieved 13 May 2010 . ^ "Phytoervas Fashion Awards – Blog Cris Arcangeli - Beleza, bem estar, moda e muito mais!" . 11 November 2017. Archived from the original on 11 November 2017 . Retrieved 7 January 2019 . ^ "Gisele Bundchen with her 'Model of the Year' award at the VH" . Gettyimages.com . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . ^ "Gisele Heads To Harvard" . Vogue . Retrieved October 21, 2019 . ^ "Best Green International Celebrity Award – Gisele Bündchen - International Green Awards" . Greenawards.com . Archived from the original on 20 November 2017 . Retrieved 8 January 2018 . External links [ edit ] Wikiquote has quotations related to: Gisele Bündchen Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gisele Bündchen ( category ) Official website Gisele Bündchen at Fashion Model Directory Gisele Bündchen on IMDb Voguepedia Gisele Bündchen navigational boxes v t e Victoria's Secret Angels Current Angels Leomie Anderson Grace Elizabeth Alexina Graham Taylor Hill Elsa Hosk Martha Hunt Stella Maxwell
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p31
|
Barbara Palvin Lais Ribeiro Sara Sampaio Josephine Skriver Romee Strijd Candice Swanepoel Jasmine Tookes Former Angels Lily Aldridge Alessandra Ambrosio Tyra Banks Gisele Bündchen Laetitia Casta Helena Christensen Selita Ebanks Lindsay Ellingson Izabel Goulart Kate Grigorieva Erin Heatherton Rosie Huntington-Whiteley Chanel Iman Jac Jagaciak Miranda Kerr Karlie Kloss Heidi Klum Doutzen Kroes Karolína Kurková Adriana Lima Marisa Miller Karen Mulder Chandra North Daniela Peštová Behati Prinsloo Inés Rivero Stephanie Seymour Related articles Edward Razek Limited Brands List of Victoria's Secret models PINK Victoria's Secret Victoria's Secret Fashion Show Victoria's Secret Swim Special v t e Victoria's Secret Fashion Show models (1995–1999) 1995 Natane Adcock Karen Alexander Helena Barquilla Leilani Bishop Keri Claussen Gail Elliott Valerie Jean Garduno Angelika Kallio Catherine McCord Beverly Peele Stephanie Seymour Ingrid Seynhaeve Frederique van der Wal Veronica Webb Magdalena Wróbel 1996 Tyra Banks Leilani Bishop Naomi Campbell Helena Christensen Alice Dodd Yasmeen Ghauri Catherine McCord Saira Mohan Karen Mulder Beverly Peele Rebecca Romijn Stephanie Seymour Ling Tan Frederique van der Wal Veronica Webb 1997 Ana Paula Arósio Tyra Banks Elsa Benítez Naomi Campbell Esther Cañadas Laetitia Casta Helena Christensen Keri Claussen Yasmeen Ghauri Tricia Helfer Vendela Kirsebom Heidi Klum Catherine McCord Karen Mulder Chandra North Georgianna Robertson Rebecca Romijn Claudia Schiffer Stephanie Seymour Ingrid Seynhaeve Frederique van der Wal 1998 Natane Adcock Tyra Banks Naomi Campbell
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p32
|
Laetitia Casta Keri Claussen Bridget Hall Tricia Helfer Jaime King Heidi Klum Valeria Mazza Annie Morton Karen Mulder Astrid Muñoz Chandra North Daniela Peštová Inés Rivero Rebecca Romijn Chrystéle Saint Louis Augustin Stephanie Seymour Eugenia Silva Simone van Baal 1999 Natane Adcock Tyra Banks Elsa Benítez Leilani Bishop Gisele Bündchen Laetitia Casta Trish Goff Eva Herzigová Kirsty Hume Kiara Kabukuru Carmen Kass Jaime King Heidi Klum Hollyanne Leonard Adriana Lima Ana Cláudia Michels Karen Mulder Daniela Peštová Frankie Rayder Inés Rivero Stephanie Seymour Eugenia Silva v t e Victoria's Secret Fashion Show models (2000–2009) 2000 Alessandra Ambrosio Mini Andén Danita Angell Tyra Banks Gisele Bündchen Naomi Campbell Laetitia Casta Aurélie Claudel Haylynn Cohen Rhea Durham Trish Goff Eva Herzigová Carmen Kass Heidi Klum Karolína Kurková Adriana Lima Angela Lindvall Ana Cláudia Michels Karen Mulder Oluchi Daniela Peštová Frankie Rayder Caroline Ribeiro Inés Rivero Stephanie Seymour Ingrid Seynhaeve Fernanda Tavares 2001 Alessandra Ambrosio Mini Andén Tyra Banks Gisele Bündchen Aurélie Claudel Rhea Durham Karen Elson Trish Goff Bridget Hall Emma Heming Eva Herzigová Heidi Klum Karolína Kurková Anouck Lepere Adriana Lima Audrey Marnay Omahyra Mota Daniela Peštová Rie Rasmussen Caroline Ribeiro Inés Rivero Maggie Rizer Molly Sims Fernanda Tavares Alek Wek 2002 Michelle Alves Alessandra Ambrosio Caitriona Balfe Tyra Banks Ana Beatriz Barros Letícia Birkheuer Gisele Bündchen Naomi Campbell Dewi Driegen Reka Ebergenyi
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p33
|
Lindsay Frimodt Bridget Hall Ana Hickmann Carmen Kass Liya Kebede Heidi Klum Karolína Kurková Adriana Lima Oluchi Ujjwala Raut Frankie Rayder Caroline Ribeiro Inga Savits Nadine Strittmatter Yfke Sturm Fernanda Tavares Eugenia Volodina Raquel Zimmermann 2003 Michelle Alves Alessandra Ambrosio Mini Andén Tyra Banks Ana Beatriz Barros Letícia Birkheuer Marcelle Bittar Gisele Bündchen Naomi Campbell Dewi Driegen Isabeli Fontana Lindsay Frimodt Carmen Kass Liya Kebede Heidi Klum Karolína Kurková Adriana Lima Angela Lindvall Deanna Miller Oluchi Ujjwala Raut Frankie Rayder Margarita Svegzdaite Fernanda Tavares Eugenia Volodina Jacquetta Wheeler 2004 Canceled due to Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy 2005 Alessandra Ambrosio Tyra Banks Bianca Balti Ana Beatriz Barros Gisele Bündchen Ingūna Butāne Naomi Campbell Morgane Dubled Selita Ebanks Isabeli Fontana Izabel Goulart Heidi Klum Tatiana Kovylina Doutzen Kroes Karolína Kurková Adriana Lima Angela Lindvall Andi Muise Oluchi Natasha Poly Julia Stegner Yfke Sturm Fernanda Tavares Caroline Trentini Eugenia Volodina Marija Vujović Caroline Winberg Raquel Zimmermann 2006 Alessandra Ambrosio Ana Beatriz Barros Gisele Bündchen Élise Crombez Flávia de Oliveira Morgane Dubled Selita Ebanks Izabel Goulart Rosie Huntington-Whiteley Miranda Kerr Doutzen Kroes Karolína Kurková Adriana Lima Angela Lindvall Heather Marks Andi Muise Ajuma Nasenyana Oluchi Natasha Poly Katja Shchekina Hana Soukupová Jessica Stam Julia Stegner Caroline Trentini Caroline Winberg Raquel Zimmermann 2007 Alessandra Ambrosio Ingūna Butāne Élise Crombez Flávia de Oliveira Morgane Dubled
|
http://web.archive.org/web/20191224190912id_/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gisele_B%C3%BCndchen_p34
|
Selita Ebanks Lindsay Ellingson Isabeli Fontana Izabel Goulart Rosie Huntington-Whiteley Miranda Kerr Heidi Klum Karolína Kurková Noémie Lenoir Adriana Lima Angela Lindvall Marisa Miller Andi Muise Oluchi Behati Prinsloo Hana Soukupová Jessica Stam Julia Stegner Candice Swanepoel Eugenia Volodina Marija Vujović Erin Wasson Jessica White Katie Wile Caroline Winberg 2008 Clara Alonso Alessandra Ambrosio Ana Beatriz Barros Ingūna Butāne Shannan Click Emanuela de Paula Flávia de Oliveira Morgane Dubled Selita Ebanks Lindsay Ellingson Isabeli Fontana Izabel Goulart Erin Heatherton Rosie Huntington-Whiteley Carmen Kass Miranda Kerr Heidi Klum Doutzen Kroes Karolína Kurková Abbey Lee Noémie Lenoir Adriana Lima Maryna Linchuk Angela Lindvall Sessilee Lopez Marisa Miller Behati Prinsloo Arlenis Sosa Julia Stegner Sarah Stephens Lara Stone Candice Swanepoel Edita Vilkevičiūtė Anne Vyalitsyna Caroline Winberg 2009 Lily Aldridge Alessandra Ambrosio Ana Beatriz Barros Kylie Bisutti Shannan Click Jamie Lee Darley Selita Ebanks Lindsay Ellingson Isabeli Fontana Izabel Goulart Erin Heatherton Rosie Huntington-Whiteley Chanel Iman Anna Jagodzińska Dorothea Barth Jörgensen Miranda Kerr Heidi Klum Tatiana Kovylina Doutzen Kroes Anastasia Kuznetsova Abbey Lee Maryna Linchuk Sessilee Lopez Enikő Mihalik Marisa Miller Aminata Niaria Behati Prinsloo Anja Rubik Lyndsey Scott Julia Stegner Candice Swanepoel Elyse Taylor Caroline Trentini Edita Vilkevičiūtė Liu Wen Caroline Winberg Authority control BNF : cb150813775 (data) GND : 142267597 ISNI : 0000 0000 8160 5079 LCCN : n2011073923 MusicBrainz : ca1b9595-001e-4c03-99b2-485593f08aeb NKC : js20081126001
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.