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2017–present: You Make It Feel Like Christmas and Las Vegas residency [ edit ] In July 2017, Stefani announced plans to release new music by the end of the year. [88] In August, several song titles from the singer's sessions were published on GEMA 's official website, suggesting that she may be recording a holiday album . [89] The songwriting credits from the leaked tracks had Stefani collaborating with busbee , Blake Shelton , and Justin Tranter . [90] The album, titled You Make It Feel Like Christmas , was released on October 6, 2017. [91] Its title track , featuring guest vocals from Shelton, was digitally distributed on September 22, 2017, as the lead single. [92] To promote the record, Stefani hosted Gwen Stefani's You Make It Feel Like Christmas , a NBC Christmas television special that aired on December 12, 2017. [93] Stefani's first concert residency , titled Just a Girl: Las Vegas , began on June 27, 2018 at the Zappos Theater in Las Vegas . It is scheduled to conclude on May 16, 2020. It was named after the No Doubt song, " Just A Girl ". [94] Proceeds from the show ($1 per ticket) were donated to the organization. Cure4Kids . [95] A deluxe edition of You Make It Feel Like Christmas was released in October 2018, [96] and was promoted through the single " Secret Santa ". [97] [98] On June 22, 2019, Stefani performed at the Machaca Fest in Fundidora Park . [99] In the fall of 2019, she returned as a judge for The Voice 's 17th season as a replacement for Adam Levine ; [95] she will be replaced by Nick Jonas for the show's 18th season. [100]
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On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Gwen Stefani among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire . [101] Other ventures [ edit ] Stefani in September 2009 Stefani made most of the clothing that she wore on stage with No Doubt, resulting in increasingly eclectic combinations. Stylist Andrea Lieberman introduced her to haute couture clothing, which led to Stefani launching a fashion line named L.A.M.B. in 2004. [13] The line takes influence from a variety of fashions, including Guatemalan, Japanese , and Jamaican styles. [102] The line achieved popularity among celebrities and is worn by stars such as Teri Hatcher , Nicole Kidman , and Stefani herself. [11] [103] In June 2005, she expanded her collection with the less expensive Harajuku Lovers line, which she referred to as "a glorified merchandise line", with varied products including a camera, mobile phone charms , and undergarments. [104] [105] In late 2006, Stefani released a limited edition line of dolls called "Love. Angel. Music. Baby. Fashion dolls". The dolls are inspired by the clothes Stefani and the Harajuku Girls wore while touring for the album. [106] In late 2007, Stefani launched a perfume, L , as a part of her L.A.M.B. collection of clothing and accessories. The perfume has high notes of sweet pea and rose. [107] In September 2008, Stefani released a fragrance line as a part of her Harajuku Lovers product line. There are five different fragrances based on the four Harajuku Girls and Stefani herself called Love, Lil' Angel, Music, Baby and G (Gwen). [108] As of January 2011 [update] , Stefani has become the spokesperson for L'Oréal Paris . [109] In 2016, Urban Decay released a limited edition cosmetic collection in collaboration with Stefani. [110] After needing to wear glasses, Gwen began designing eyewear. [111] In 2016, Gwen began releasing eyewear under her fashion label L.A.M.B. [112] Gwen also began releasing affordable eyewear under the label GX, with Tura Inc. [113]
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In 2014, Stefani announced the production of an animated series about her and the Harajuku Girls. [114] Along with Vision Animation and Moody Street Kids, [115] Stefani has helped create the show which features herself, Love, Angel, Music, and Baby as the band, HJ5, who fight evil whilst trying to pursue their music career. [116] Mattel have signed on as the global toy licensee and the series itself, Kuu Kuu Harajuku will be distributed worldwide by DHX Media . [117] Personal life [ edit ] Soon after Stefani joined No Doubt, she and bandmate Tony Kanal began dating. She stated that she was heavily invested in that relationship. Stefani commented that "...all I ever did was look at Tony and pray that God would let me have a baby with him." [118] The band almost split up when Kanal ended the relationship. [119] [120] Their break-up inspired Stefani lyrically, and many of Tragic Kingdom ' s songs, such as " Don't Speak ", " Sunday Morning ", and " Hey You! ", chronicle the ups and downs of their relationship. [121] Many years later, Stefani co-wrote her song " Cool " about their relationship as friends for her 2004 debut solo album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. [122] Stefani met Bush lead singer and guitarist Gavin Rossdale in 1995, when No Doubt and headlining band Bush performed at a holiday concert for radio station KROQ . [19] They married on September 14, 2002, with a wedding in St Paul's, Covent Garden , London. A second wedding was held in Los Angeles two weeks later. [123] Stefani has three sons with Rossdale, born in May 2006; [124] August 2008; [125] and February 2014. [126] On August 3, 2015, Stefani filed for divorce from Rossdale, citing " irreconcilable differences ". [127] The divorce was finalized on April 8, 2016, in which Rossdale agreed to the "unequal split" of their assets. [128]
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Stefani announced her relationship with Blake Shelton , country music artist and The Voice co-star, in September 2015. [129] Artistry [ edit ] AXS called Stefani a "powerhouse" vocalist with an "incredible" range. [130] The New York Times considered Stefani's vocals "mannered" and commended her for "kick[ing] her vibrato addiction". [131] IGN described Stefani as having a "unique vocal prowess". [132] The Chicago Tribune stated that Stefani had a "brash alto ". [133] Stefani's debut album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. took influence from a variety of 1980s genres, [134] which included electropop , new wave , dance-rock , hip hop , R&B , soul , and disco music. [135] [136] [137] [138] [139] Stefani cited early Madonna , Lisa Lisa , Club Nouveau , Prince , New Order and The Cure as major influences for the album. [137] Several of the album's tracks were designed for clubs, and contained electro beats meant for dancing. [140] Referencing fashion and wealth in the album, the singer name-drops several designers who she considered inspirations in her personal career, such as John Galliano and Vivienne Westwood . [141] Her second studio album The Sweet Escape resembles musically its predecessor while exploring more modern pop sounds, dabbling heavily into genres such as dance-pop and rap . [38] [135] [142] [143] [144] It carried on the same themes developed in Love. Angel. Music. Baby. , and was criticized for doing so. [145]
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This Is What the Truth Feels Like , the singer's third album, continued Stefani's endeavors with the pop genre, while incorporating music from a variety of other genres including reggae , [146] disco , [147] and dancehall , [148] as well as the use of guitars. [149] Stefani's lyrics shifted towards events that had recently occurred in her personal life, such as her divorce from Rossdale, and new relationship with Shelton. [150] The singer stated her album was more about forgiveness than revenge. [151] Public image [ edit ] Stefani performing " The Real Thing " during the Harajuku Lovers Tour in 2005 Stefani began wearing a bindi in the mid-1990s after attending several family gatherings for Tony Kanal , who is of Indian heritage. [152] During No Doubt's breakthrough, Stefani wore the forehead decoration in several of the band's music videos and briefly popularized the accessory in 1997. [153] Since the 1995 music video for "Just a Girl", Stefani has been known for her midriff and frequently wears shirts that expose it. [154] Stefani's makeup design generally includes light face powder, bright red lipstick , and arched eyebrows; she wrote about the subject in a song titled "Magic's in the Makeup" for No Doubt's Return of Saturn , asking "If the magic's in the makeup/Then who am I?". [13] Stefani is a natural brunette, but her hair has not been its natural color since she was in ninth grade . [155] Since late 1994, she has usually had platinum blonde hair. Stefani discussed this in the song "Platinum Blonde Life" on Rock Steady and played original blonde bombshell Jean Harlow in the 2004 biopic The Aviator . [156] She dyed her hair blue in 1998 [153] and pink in 1999, [157] when she appeared on the cover of Return of Saturn with pink hair. [158]
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In 2006, Stefani modified her image, inspired by that of Michelle Pfeiffer 's character Elvira Hancock in the 1983 film Scarface . [5] The reinvented image included a symbol consisting of two back-to-back 'G's, which appears on a diamond-encrusted key she wears on a necklace and which became a motif in the promotion of The Sweet Escape . [105] Stefani raised concerns in January 2007 about her rapid weight loss following her pregnancy. She later stated that she had been on a diet since the sixth grade to fit in size 4 clothing. [159] A wax figure of Stefani was unveiled at Madame Tussauds Las Vegas at The Venetian on September 22, 2010. [160] The release of Stefani's first solo album brought attention to her entourage of four Harajuku Girls , who appear in outfits influenced by Gothic Lolita fashion, [161] and are named for the area around the Harajuku Station of Tokyo . Stefani's clothing also took influence from Japanese fashion, in a style described as a combination between Christian Dior and Japan. [38] The dancers are featured in her music videos, press coverage, and on the album cover for Love. Angel. Music. Baby. , with a song named for and dedicated to them on the album. They were also featured in, and the namesake for, Stefani's Harajuku Lovers Tour . Forbes magazine reported that Stefani earned $27 million between June 2007 to June 2008 for her tour, fashion line and commercials, making her the world's 10th highest paid music personality at the time. [162]
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Achievements and legacy [ edit ] Main articles: List of awards and nominations received by Gwen Stefani and List of Gwen Stefani tribute albums Throughout her career as a solo artist, Stefani has won several music awards, including one Grammy Award , four MTV Video Music Awards , one American Music Award , one Brit Award , and two Billboard Music Awards . With No Doubt, she has won two Grammy Awards. In 2005, Rolling Stone called her "the only true female rock star left on radio or MTV" and featured her on the magazine's cover. [163] Stefani received the Style Icon Award at the first People Magazine Awards in 2014. [164] In 2016, the singer was honored at the Radio Disney Music Awards with a Hero Award, which is given to artists based on their personal contributions to various charitable works. [165] Stefani has been referred to as a "Pop Princess" by several contemporary music critics. [166] [167] [168] In 2012, VH1 listed the singer at the number thirteen on their list of "100 Greatest Women in Music". [10] Stefani's work has influenced artists and musicians including Hayley Williams of Paramore , [169] Best Coast , [170] Kim Petras , [171] Teddy Sinclair , [172] Katy Perry , [173] Charli XCX , [174] Kesha , [175] Ava Max , [176] Marina and the Diamonds , [177] Rita Ora , [178] Avril Lavigne , [179] Keke Palmer , [180] Bebe Rexha , [181] The Stunners , [182] Kelly Clarkson , [183] Sky Ferreira , [184] Kirstin Maldonado of Pentatonix , [185] and Cover Drive . [186] The latter group, a quartet of Barbados musicians, claimed that both Stefani and No Doubt had helped influence their music, to which the lead singer of the group, Amanda Reifer, said that she would "pass out" if she ever met Stefani. [186]
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The lead single from Love. Angel. Music. Baby. , "What You Waiting For?", was considered by Pitchfork to be one of Stefani's best singles, and would later place it at number sixteen on their "Top 50 Singles of 2004" list. [187] [188] "Hollaback Girl" from Love. Angel. Music. Baby. would go on to be the first song to digitally sell an excess of one million copies in the United States; [6] it was certified platinum in both the United States and Australia, [189] [190] and peak at number forty-one on Billboard ' s decade-end charts for 2000–09. [191] Since its release in 2005, "Hollaback Girl" has been called Stefani's " signature song " by Rolling Stone . [192] Philanthropy [ edit ] Following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami , Stefani donated $1 million to Save the Children 's Japan Earthquake–Tsunami Children in Emergency Fund. [193] Stefani also ran an auction on eBay from April 11 to 25, 2011, allowing participants to bid on vintage clothing items from her personal wardrobe and custom T-shirts designed and signed by her, as well as an admission to a private Harajuku-themed tea party hosted by her on June 7, 2011, at Los Angeles' first-ever Japanese-style maid café and pop art space, Royal/T, with proceeds from the auction going to Save the Children's relief effort. [194] [195]
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At the amfAR gala during the 2011 Cannes Film Festival , Stefani auctioned off the lacy black dress she wore at the event for charity, raising over $125,000. [196] A representative for designer Michael Angel, who helped Stefani with the design and worked as a stylist, said that Angel created the gown, not Stefani. [196] [197] In response, Angel released a statement confirming that the dress was designed by Stefani for L.A.M.B. to wear and be auctioned off at the amfAR gala. [198] Stefani hosted a fundraiser with First Lady Michelle Obama in August 2012 at the singer's Beverly Hills home. [199] Discography [ edit ] Main articles: Gwen Stefani discography and List of songs recorded by Gwen Stefani See also: No Doubt discography Love. Angel. Music. Baby. (2004) The Sweet Escape (2006) This Is What the Truth Feels Like (2016) You Make It Feel Like Christmas (2017) Tours [ edit ] Headlining Harajuku Lovers Tour (2005) The Sweet Escape Tour (2007) This Is What the Truth Feels Like Tour (2016) Residency Just a Girl: Las Vegas (2018–2020) Promotional MasterCard Priceless Surprises Presents Gwen Stefani (2015–2016) Irvine Meadows Amphitheatre Final Shows (2016) Festivals Machaca Fest • Monterrey, Mexico (Headliner, 2019) Lollapalooza • Chile (Headliner, 2020) Lollapalooza • Argentina (Headliner, 2020) Lollapalooza • Brasil (Headliner, 2020) Filmography [ edit ] Year Title [200]
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Role Notes 1996–2016 Saturday Night Live Musical guest 6 episodes 2001 King of the Hill Herself (with No Doubt) Episode: " Kidney Boy and Hamster Girl: A Love Story " 2001 Zoolander Herself Cameo 2002 Dawson's Creek Herself (with No Doubt) Episode: " Spiderwebs " 2004 Malice Malice (voice) Video game 2004 The Aviator Jean Harlow Nominated— Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture 2005 Fashion Rocks Herself Documentary 2005 Brain Fart Herself Documentary 2009 Gossip Girl Snowed Out lead singer (with No Doubt) Episode: " Valley Girls " 2011 Everyday Sunshine: The Story of Fishbone Herself Documentary 2013 Portlandia Herself (with No Doubt) Episode: " Nina's Birthday " 2014–2015, 2017, 2019 The Voice Herself Coach (seasons 7, 9, 12, 17); advisor (seasons 8 and 10) 2015 Through the Eyes of Faith Herself Documentary 2016 Trolls DJ Suki (voice) 2020 Trolls World Tour DJ Suki (voice) References [ edit ] ^ "Gwen Stefani Climbs Back From the Abyss" . The New York Times . March 13, 2016 . Retrieved July 23, 2018 . ^ Jeffries, David. "Gwen Stefani" . AllMusic . Retrieved July 23, 2018 . ^ "No Doubt | New Music And Songs" . MTV. Archived from the original on May 12, 2012 . Retrieved April 11, 2014 . ^ a b Murison, Krissi (December 10, 2004). "Gwen Stefani : Love Angel Music Baby" . NME . Retrieved May 10, 2007 .
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^ a b Collis, Clark (November 22, 2006). "Holla Back" . Entertainment Weekly . New York City . Retrieved April 17, 2007 . ^ a b c Hiatt, Brian (January 19, 2006). "Stefani, Peas Lead Singles Boom" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved April 17, 2007 . ^ "Year End Charts – Hot 100" . Billboard . 2007 . Retrieved November 29, 2019 . ^ "Decade End Charts – Artists of the Decade" . Billboard . 2009. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011 . Retrieved July 10, 2011 . ^ "Decade End Charts – Hot 100 Artists" . Billboard . 2009. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012 . Retrieved July 10, 2011 . ^ a b Graham, Mark (February 13, 2012). "VH1's 100 Greatest Women in Music (Complete List)" . VH1. Archived from the original on February 14, 2012. ^ a b McGibbon, Rob (May 13, 2007). "No natural born popstar" . The Sunday Telegraph . Archived from the original on May 19, 2007 . Retrieved August 9, 2016 . ^ a b c Jeffries, David. "Gwen Stefani | Biography" . AllMusic . Retrieved April 17, 2014 . ^ a b c d e f g h Van Meter, Jonathan (April 2004). "The First Lady of Rock" . Style.com . Archived from the original on January 20, 2008 . Retrieved April 16, 2007 .
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^ Entertainment Weekly , issue 910. Page 94, sidebar. December 8, 2006. ^ a b c d Hooper, Joseph (February 16, 2007). "L.A.M.B. Chops" . Elle (258): 220. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011 . Retrieved January 25, 2007 . ^ George, Kat (March 8, 2015). "20 Artists Who Took Their Mom on the Red Carpet" . VH1 . Retrieved September 7, 2016 . ^ a b "Gwen Stefani – Profile" . E! News . Archived from the original on September 16, 2008 . Retrieved September 28, 2008 . ^ Bush, John. "No Doubt | Biography" . AllMusic . Retrieved April 17, 2014 . ^ a b Strauss, Neil (January 31, 2002). "No Doubt's Anniversary Party" . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on June 25, 2009 . Retrieved April 17, 2007 . ^ "1997 The Year in Music – Hot 100 Airplay" . Billboard . 109 (52): YE-36. December 27, 1997 – January 3, 1998. ISSN 0006-2510 . Retrieved April 17, 2014 . ^ Errico, Marcus (January 7, 1997). "Babyface, Celine Dion Dominate Grammy Nominations" . E! News . Retrieved April 17, 2014 . ^ "List of Grammy award nominations" . CNN. January 6, 1998 . Retrieved April 30, 2007 . ^ Dunn, Jancee (December 14, 2000). "Gwen Stefani: The Queen of Confessional Pop" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved November 28, 2014 .
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^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas . "Return of Saturn – No Doubt" . AllMusic . Retrieved April 27, 2007 . ^ Willman, Chris (May 12, 2000). "No Doubt: Future Tense?" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved April 27, 2007 . ^ Cinquemani, Sal. "No Doubt: Rock Steady" . Slant Magazine . December 12, 2004. Retrieved April 30, 2007. ^ "No Doubt | Awards" . AllMusic . Retrieved April 17, 2014 . ^ "Past Winners Search" . Grammy Awards . Retrieved November 30, 2011 . ^ Vineyard, Jennifer. "Gwen Stefani: Scared Solo" . MTV. Archived from the original on May 12, 2007 . Retrieved April 23, 2007 . ^ Cinquemani, Sal (November 20, 2004). "Gwen Stefani: Love. Angel. Music. Baby" . Slant Magazine . Retrieved June 4, 2007 . ^ Whitmire, Margo (December 1, 2004). "U2's 'Bomb' Explodes at No. 1" . Billboard . Retrieved March 13, 2007 . ^ "Certified Awards Search" . British Phonographic Industry . June 16, 2005. Archived from the original on July 4, 2011 . Retrieved November 30, 2011 . ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2005 Albums" . Australian Recording Industry Association . Retrieved April 23, 2007 . ^ "Gold Platinum Database" . Music Canada . April 24, 2006. Archived from the original on September 16, 2013 . Retrieved November 30, 2011 . ^ a b c d "Gwen Stefani – Chart history: The Hot 100" . Billboard . Retrieved November 30, 2011 .
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^ "Gwen Stefani – What You Waiting For?" . Ultratop . Retrieved November 30, 2011 . ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (November 10, 2004). "Gwen Stefani's Debut Solo LP Inspired By Insecurity And Japan" . MTV News . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ a b c Salmon, Chris (March 2, 2007). " ' I just want to make music and babies ' " . The Guardian . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ a b "Gwen Stefani" . Official Charts Company . Retrieved October 5, 2012 . ^ "Gwen Stefani – Hollaback Girl" . Ultratop . Retrieved November 30, 2011 . ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (June 21, 2005). "Gwen Stefani's Song About Tony Kanal To Be Her Next Single" . MTV News . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (December 24, 2005). "Gwen Stefani Confirms Pregnancy While Onstage in Florida" . MTV News . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ "Gwen Stefani Bares All in Elle Tell-All" . Extra . January 30, 2007. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014 . Retrieved March 21, 2007 . ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (February 13, 2004). "Gwen Stefani Feeling Hella Good About Role in Scorsese Flick" . MTV News . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (December 2, 2004). "Gwen Stefani Says Acting Is A Lot Harder Than Singing" . MTV News . Retrieved August 6, 2016 .
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^ "Have no fear, No Doubt still here" . USA Today . May 4, 2004 . Retrieved April 17, 2007 . ^ Hwang, Kaiser (January 23, 2004). "Remember Malice?" . IGN . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ "Gwen Stefani : Releases : The Sweet Escape" . Interscope Records . Archived from the original on September 29, 2012 . Retrieved May 17, 2011 . ^ Michel, Sia (December 1, 2006). "The Sweet Escape (2006): Gwen Stefani" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved January 9, 2007 . ^ Sheffield, Rob (December 12, 2006). "Gwen Stefani: The Sweet Escape" . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on April 20, 2007 . Retrieved January 9, 2007 . ^ Macia, Peter (October 25, 2006). "Wind It Up" . Pitchfork . Archived from the original on January 4, 2009 . Retrieved April 29, 2007 . ^ "Gwen Stefani – Wind It Up" . Ultratop . Retrieved November 30, 2011 . ^ "2008 Grammy Award Winners and Nominees" . The New York Times . February 9, 2008 . Retrieved November 30, 2011 . ^ Anderson, Kyle (June 6, 2011). "Gwen Stefani and No Doubt on their next step" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved December 4, 2011 . ^ Vineyard, Jennifer; Richard, Yasmine (May 12, 2006). "No Doubt – Minus Gwen – In Early Stages of New Album" . MTV News . Retrieved August 6, 2016 .
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^ Cohen, Jonathan (December 12, 2006). "Stefani: No Timetable For No Doubt Reunion" . Billboard . Retrieved December 31, 2006 . ^ "new album" . NoDoubt.com. 2008. Retrieved March 30, 2008. ^ Halperin, Shirley (August 28, 2008). " ' Rock Band 2' offering new slate of full albums" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved January 7, 2009 . ^ "No Doubt : Tour Archive" . Archived from the original on June 6, 2011 . Retrieved September 7, 2016 . ^ "Album and Single Announcement!" . NoDoubt.com. June 11, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012. ^ Toney, Veronica (November 5, 2012). "No Doubt apologizes, pulls 'Looking Hot' video – Celebritology 2.0" . The Washington Post . Retrieved December 20, 2012 . ^ Lipshutz, Jason (April 13, 2014). "Gwen Stefani's Coachella Cameo Hints at Solo Return?" . Billboard . Retrieved April 14, 2014 . ^ Ng, Philiana (April 29, 2014). "It's Official: Gwen Stefani Joins 'The Voice ' " . Billboard . Retrieved April 30, 2014 . ^ Corriston, Michele (August 24, 2014). "VMAs 2014: Gwen Stefani Attends for the First Time Since 2005" . People . Retrieved August 29, 2014 . ^ Kaufman, Gil (June 16, 2014). "Maroon 5 Drop New Album Track, "Maps," And Tease A Huge Collaboration" . MTV News . Retrieved June 19, 2014 . ^ Spanos, Brittany (February 8, 2015). "Watch Adam Levine, Gwen Stefani Get Emotional at Grammys" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved July 28, 2016 .
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^ Lynch, Joe (October 28, 2014). "Gwen Stefani Goes Full EDM on Calvin Harris' 'Together ' " . Billboard . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ Garibaldi, Christina; Alexis, Nadeska (September 8, 2014). "Gwen Stefani Back in the Studio With Pharrell And She's 'Killing It ' " . MTV News . Retrieved September 10, 2014 . ^ Reed, Ryan (October 20, 2014). "Gwen Stefani Drops Synth-Driven Single 'Baby Don't Lie ' " . Rolling Stone . Retrieved November 11, 2014 . ^ Vena, Jocelyn (October 18, 2014). "See Gwen Stefani's 'Baby Don't Lie' Artwork" . Billboard . Retrieved November 20, 2014 . ^ Garibaldi, Christina (October 21, 2014). "Gwen Stefani And Pharrell Heat Things Up With New Track 'Spark The Fire ' " . MTV News . Retrieved November 24, 2014 . ^ Stern, Bradley (November 23, 2014). "Gwen Stefani Brings The Heat On "Spark The Fire": Listen" . Idolator . Retrieved November 24, 2014 . ^ Kreps, Daniel. "Gwen Stefani Debuts New Ballad 'Start a War' at Solo Show" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved February 14, 2015 . ^ "The Hot 100: The Week of August 1, 2015" . Billboard . Retrieved July 25, 2015 . ^ Mendizabal, Amaya (July 22, 2015). "The Weeknd's 'Can't Feel My Face' Tops Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart" . Billboard . Retrieved July 25, 2015 .
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^ "Gwen Stefani Debuts New Song 'Used to Love You' at New York Show: Watch" . Billboard . Retrieved October 21, 2015 . ^ "CHR: Available for Airplay" . FMQB . Archived from the original on March 21, 2004. ^ Vain, Madison (October 19, 2015). "Gwen Stefani on scrapping an entire album and starting again: 'It didn't feel right ' " . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved July 28, 2016 . ^ Kreps, Daniel (October 20, 2015). "Watch Gwen Stefani's Wistful 'Used to Love You' Video" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved July 28, 2016 . ^ Vain, Madison (October 20, 2015). "Gwen Stefani releases stunning 'Used To Love You' video" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved July 28, 2016 . ^ Kreps, Daniel (February 12, 2016). "Hear Gwen Stefani's Refreshing 'Make Me Like You ' " . Rolling Stone . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ Caulfield, Keith (March 28, 2016). "Gwen Stefani Scores First No. 1 Album on Billboard 200" . Billboard . Retrieved March 28, 2016 . ^ Feeney, Nolan (April 18, 2016). "Gwen Stefani announces This is What the Truth Feels Like tour with Eve" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved May 8, 2016 . ^ Warner, Kara (January 6, 2016). " ' Hair We Go!' Gwen Stefani Joins Justin Timberlake, Anna Kendrick in New Movie Trolls – See the Cute Pics" . People . Retrieved August 27, 2016 .
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^ Craddock, Lauren (August 22, 2016). "Justin Timberlake Shares Track List For 'Trolls' Movie Soundtrack Including Ariana Grande, Gwen Stefani & More" . Billboard . Retrieved August 27, 2016 . ^ Lewis, Randy (September 9, 2016). "Gwen Stefani to play Irvine Meadows' swan song shows Oct. 29–30" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved September 10, 2016 . ^ Skye Fadrowski, Kelli (September 9, 2016). "Gwen Stefani to perform final Irvine Meadows concerts before it closes next month" . Orange County Register . Retrieved September 10, 2015 . ^ Benjamin, Jeff (July 14, 2017). "Gwen Stefani Is Releasing New Music This Year" . Fuse . Retrieved July 24, 2017 . ^ O'Neill, Lauren (August 2, 2017). "Sia and Gwen Stefani Both Apparently Have Christmas Albums Coming" . Vice . Retrieved August 9, 2017 . ^ Wass, Mike (August 2, 2017). "Festive! It Looks Like Gwen Stefani Is Recording a Christmas Album" . Idolator . Retrieved August 9, 2017 . ^ Tenreyro, Tatiana (September 21, 2017). "Gwen Stefani Teases 'You Make It Feel Like Christmas' Album: Watch Preview" . Billboard . Retrieved September 22, 2017 . ^ Ungerman, Alex (September 21, 2017). "Gwen Stefani Teases New Christmas Song With Blake Shelton – Listen to 'You Make It Feel Like Christmas'!" . Entertainment Tonight . Retrieved September 22, 2017 . ^ Armstrong, Megan (November 15, 2017). "Gwen Stefani Gets Her Own NBC Holiday Special & Comments on Blake Shelton as Sexiest Man Alive" . Billboard . Retrieved November 22, 2017 .
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^ Legaspi, Althea (April 10, 2018). "Gwen Stefani Announces Las Vegas Residency" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved April 22, 2018 . ^ a b Morin, Alyssa (June 4, 2019). "Why Gwen Stefani Was Shocked to Be Asked Back to The Voice" . E! Online . Retrieved June 5, 2019 . ^ Myers, Justin (October 16, 2018). "Christmas albums released in 2018" . Official Charts Company . Retrieved November 3, 2018 . ^ Forastiero, Eleonora (November 27, 2018). "Gwen Stefani – Secret Santa (Radio Date: 30-11-2018)" . Earone (in Italian) . Retrieved December 16, 2018 . ^ " ' Secret Santa': il Natale secondo Gwen Stefani" . Yes Radio (in Italian). November 29, 2018 . Retrieved January 1, 2019 . ^ Trivedi, Sachin (June 3, 2019). "Gwen Stefani Mexico Tour, Performance Dates For June And July Revealed" . International Business Times . Retrieved June 5, 2019 . ^ Tailor, Leena (October 7, 2019). " ' The Voice': Why Gwen Stefani Won't Be Returning for Season 18" . Entertainment Tonight . Retrieved November 15, 2019 . ^ Rosen, Jody (June 25, 2019). "Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire" . The New York Times . Retrieved June 28, 2019 . ^ Maxwell, Alison; Freydkin, Donna; Barker, Olivia (September 15, 2006). "Stefani tends to her L.A.M.B." USA Today . Archived from the original on February 20, 2009 . Retrieved May 30, 2007 .
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^ Eliscu, Jenny (January 27, 2005). "Gwen Cuts Loose" . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on May 1, 2009 . Retrieved April 17, 2005 . ^ Freydkin, Donna (May 16, 2005). "Designing is a snap" . USA Today . Retrieved April 16, 2007 . ^ a b Ahearn, Victoria (December 1, 2006). "Gwen Stefani shrugs off radiation scare" . The Canadian Press . Archived from the original on December 4, 2006 . Retrieved May 8, 2007 . ^ "Gwen Stefani brings style to doll world" . USA Today . Associated Press. September 5, 2006 . Retrieved November 30, 2011 . ^ "L Gwen Stefani for women" . Fragrantica . Retrieved September 7, 2016 . ^ "Harajuku Lovers Fragrance" . harajukulovers.com . Archived from the original on March 25, 2010 . Retrieved March 8, 2010 . ^ Rentmeester, Katherine Kluznik (January 13, 2011). "Gwen Stefani is the Gorgeous New Face of L'Oreal Paris!" . People . Archived from the original on November 27, 2011 . Retrieved December 4, 2011 . ^ Shatzman, Celia. "Get Gwen Stefani's Signature Makeup Looks Courtesy of Her Urban Decay Collaboration" . Forbes . Retrieved August 28, 2017 . ^ Krentcil, Faran (March 15, 2017). "Attention Glasses-Wearers, Gwen Stefani Gets Your Eyelash Extensions Struggle" . ELLE . ^ "L.A.M.B. Brand Story | Tura" . www.tura.com .
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^ "gx by Gwen Stefani | Tura" . www.tura.com . ^ Milligan, Mercedes (April 12, 2015). "Gwen Stefani's 'Kuu-Kuu Harajuku' Unveiled" . Animation Magazine . Retrieved August 27, 2016 . ^ " ' Kuu-Kuu Harajuku' Kicks Off Global Tour" . Animation World Network . ^ Langsworthy, Billy (April 13, 2015). "Gwen Stefani's animated Kuu-Kuu Harajuku series enters development" . Licensing.biz . Archived from the original on September 17, 2016 . Retrieved September 7, 2016 . ^ Norman, Aimee (April 13, 2015). "Kuu-Kuu Harajuku Kicks Off Global Tour" . Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. ^ Eliscu, Jenny (January 30, 2005). " ' I'll cry just talking about it ' " . The Observer . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ Ali, Lorraine (August 30, 2004). "It's My Life" . Newsweek . Archived from the original on June 14, 2006 . Retrieved April 17, 2007 . ^ Born to Be . MuchMusic programming. Original airdate: March 2006. Retrieved November 13, 2006. ^ Montoya, Paris and Lanham, Tom. "Sunday Morning". 2003. The Singles 1992–2003 liner notes. ^ Vineyard, Jennifer. "Gwen Stefani's Song About Tony Kanal To Be Her Next Single" . MTV News . June 21, 2005. Retrieved May 9, 2007. ^ Springer, Debra (December 22, 2005). "Gwen Stefani: I'm Pregnant" . People . Retrieved April 16, 2007 . ^ "Gwen Stefani Delivers Baby Boy" . MTV News . May 26, 2006 . Retrieved February 4, 2019 .
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^ Adler, Shawn (August 21, 2008). "Gwen Stefani Gives Birth To Second Son" . MTV News . Retrieved August 21, 2008 . ^ Deerwester, Jayme (March 1, 2014). "Gwen Stefani gives birth to third son, Apollo" . USA Today . Retrieved March 1, 2014 . ^ "Gwen Stefani and Gavin Rossdale Are Divorcing" . Rolling Stone . August 3, 2015 . Retrieved July 28, 2016 . ^ Chiu, Melody (April 20, 2016). "Inside Gwen Stefani and Gavin Rossdale's Divorce Settlement: All the Details" . People . Retrieved February 24, 2019 . ^ Petit, Stephanie (May 23, 2016). "Gwen Stefani and Blake Shelton Cuddle Up Backstage at the Billboard Music Awards in Cute Instagram Pics" . People . Retrieved February 24, 2019 . ^ Birmingham, Christy (June 24, 2014). "What makes Gwen Stefani such a powerhouse in concert?" . AXS . Retrieved June 24, 2014 . ^ Sanneh, Kelefa (October 26, 2002). "Pop Review; 'Just a Girl,' Or Wishing To Be More?" . The New York Times . Retrieved February 13, 2010 . ^ Gage, Josephine (October 27, 2009). "Battle of the Bands: Gwen Stefani vs. M.I.A." IGN . Archived from the original on November 4, 2009 . Retrieved February 13, 2010 . ^ Kot, Greg (July 5, 1997). "It's One For Kids: No Doubt's Friendly Ska-tinged Pop A Hit With Young Crowd" . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved July 8, 2012 .
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^ Smith, RJ. "Gwen Stefani: Love. Angel. Music. Baby" . Blender . Archived from the original on May 22, 2009 . Retrieved February 27, 2007 . ^ a b Cinquemani, Sal (November 20, 2004). "Gwen Stefani: Love. Angel. Music. Baby" . Slant Magazine . Retrieved February 27, 2007 . ^ Stewart, Allison (December 12, 2004). "Adult contemporary" . Chicago Tribune . Retrieved September 23, 2013 . ^ a b Mar, Alex; Halperin, Shirley (October 1, 2004). "Gwen Stefani Makes "Love " " . Rolling Stone . Retrieved February 8, 2013 . ^ Boucher, Geoff (December 24, 2005). "Love, music and soon an angel baby" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved June 24, 2014 . ^ "Looking Back at Love. Angel. Music. Baby., Gwen Stefani's Racist Pop Frankenstein, Ten Years Later" . Vice . Retrieved September 7, 2016 . ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (June 21, 2005). "Gwen Stefani's Song About Tony Kanal To Be Her Next Single" . MTV News . Retrieved June 2, 2015 . ^ Soghomonian, Talia (January 2005). "Interview: Gwen Stefani" . musicOMH . Retrieved September 23, 2013 . ^ Day, Elizabeth (September 23, 2007). "She's a can-do kind of woman" . The Guardian . Retrieved August 23, 2015 . ^ "Why we can't wait to hear Gwen Stefani's latest" . Entertainment Weekly . September 18, 2004 . Retrieved November 9, 2013 .
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^ "Love, Angel, Music, Baby" . Billboard . November 9, 2013 . Retrieved July 28, 2016 . ^ Huff, Quentin B. (December 14, 2006). "Gwen Stefani: The Sweet Escape" . PopMatters . Retrieved July 13, 2014 . ^ Greenblatt, Leah (March 16, 2016). "Gwen Stefani's This Is What the Truth Feels Like: EW Review" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved March 17, 2016 . ^ Ryan, Patrick (March 17, 2016). "Album of the week: Gwen Stefani shares her 'Truth ' " . USA Today . Retrieved March 20, 2016 . ^ Cooper, Leoni (March 17, 2016). "NME Reviews – Gwen Stefani – 'This Is What The Truth Feels Like' Review" . NME . Retrieved March 18, 2016 . ^ Sheffield, Rob (March 18, 2016). "Gwen Stefani's New Album: This Is What the Truth Feels Like" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved March 18, 2016 . ^ Grebey, James (October 18, 2015). "Gwen Stefani Debuts Passionate New Song, 'Used to Love You ' " . Spin . Archived from the original on June 27, 2016 . Retrieved August 14, 2016 . ^ Robinson, Lisa (April 2016). "Gwen Stefani Talks Blake Shelton, The Voice , and Music After Gavin Rossdale" . Vanity Fair . Retrieved August 14, 2016 . ^ Stevenson, Jane (December 1, 2004). "Pop stars, No Doubt" . Jam! . Retrieved May 21, 2007 .
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^ a b Laine, Tricia (October 16, 1998). "Gwen Stephani spills on her fashion sense" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved April 17, 2007 . ^ "I Love 1996" . Stylus Magazine . September 8, 2004. Retrieved April 17, 2007. ^ Toht, Betony "Gwen Stefani – Top Star Transformations" . InStyle . Retrieved April 28, 2007. ^ Wloszczyna, Susan (April 26, 2004). "Beckinsale, a beauty who battles beasts" . USA Today . Retrieved April 17, 2007 . ^ Greenblatt, Leah (March 16, 2007). "Style: Pink hair showbiz renaissance" . Entertainment Weekly . Retrieved April 17, 2007 . ^ Yotka, Steff (July 31, 2013). "Private Icon: No Doubt" . Nylon . Retrieved April 22, 2018 . ^ Corcoran, Liz (April 12, 2007). "Gwen Stefani: 'I've Always Been on a Diet ' " . People . Retrieved February 24, 2019 . ^ "Gwen Stefani Rocks The Strip!" . Madame Tussauds . September 2010. Archived from the original on November 18, 2010 . Retrieved November 4, 2010 . ^ Holson, Laura M. (March 13, 2005). "Gothic Lolitas: Demure vs. Dominatrix" . The New York Times . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ Rose, Lacey (September 22, 2008). "World's Best-Paid Music Stars" . Forbes . Archived from the original on April 7, 2009 . Retrieved August 9, 2016 . ^ Eliscu, Jenny (January 27, 2005). "Gwen Stefani: A Rock Goddess With Major Issues" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved December 18, 2014 .
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^ Steiner, Amanda Michelle (December 18, 2014). "People Magazine Awards: Gwen Stefani Wins Style Icon Award" . People . Archived from the original on December 19, 2014 . Retrieved December 18, 2014 . ^ Polanco, Luis (April 14, 2016). "Gwen Stefani Will Be Honored With Hero Award at Radio Disney Music Awards" . Billboard . Retrieved September 6, 2016 . ^ Boucher, Geoff (January 4, 2006). "New rhythm for a pop princess" . The Blade : 1 . Retrieved February 1, 2016 . ^ Strecker, Erin (November 13, 2014). "Gwen Stefani's 'L.A.M.B' 10-Year Anniversary: Look Back at the Hollaback Girl's Best Moments" . Billboard . Retrieved February 1, 2016 . ^ "Gwen Stefani and Blake Shelton: romance reports on the set of The Voice" . Hello . Retrieved February 1, 2016 . ^ "Hayley Williams Inspired By Beyoncé, Talks Other Strong Female Influences" . Music Times . December 5, 2014 . Retrieved September 11, 2016 . ^ Cinquemani, Sal (May 2, 2014). "New Best Coast album influenced by Gwen Stefani, The Go-Gos, Sugar Ray" . NME . Retrieved November 29, 2014 . ^ Samways, Gemma (August 29, 2019). "Kim Petras brings plenty of sass to Heaven" . The Face . Retrieved November 19, 2019 . ^ Kills, Natalia [@NataliaKills] (April 17, 2012). "@gagas_lil_hobo Gwen Stefani is my hero..." (Tweet). Archived from the original on March 4, 2014 . Retrieved July 29, 2014 – via Twitter .
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^ "Katy Perry: Woman Of The Year Q&A 2012" . Billboard . November 29, 2012 . Retrieved November 29, 2014 . ^ Garibaldi, Christina (December 18, 2014). "Charli XCX Reveals Moment She Fell In Love With Britney Spears" . MTV . ^ Garland, Emma (January 8, 2017). "Kesha's MySpace Profile from 2008 is Better Than DJ Khaled's Snapchat" . Noisey . Retrieved January 20, 2017 . ^ "Ava Max Explains the Meaning Behind her Hit 'Sweet but Psycho ' " . Warner Music New Zealand . Retrieved January 27, 2019 . ^ "Marina and the Diamonds" . MTV . Retrieved April 4, 2015 . ^ Aspinall, Jasmine (November 5, 2012). "Rita Ora Finally Meets Her Idol Gwen Stefani" . Vibe . Retrieved September 7, 2016 . ^ "Discover who influenced Avril Lavigne" . inflooenz.com . ^ "Keke Palmer Dishes on Influences for Upcoming Album" . E! . Retrieved September 6, 2016 . ^ "Bebe Rexha Creates the Playlist to Her Life" . Teen Vogue . June 17, 2018 . Retrieved November 19, 2019 . ^ Heaney, Gregory (March 22, 2012). "Artist Biography by Gregory Heaney" . Allmusic . ^ "As Kelly Clarkson Drops LP, She's Thankful For Simon's Barbs" . Mtv.com . Retrieved October 28, 2017 . ^ "Sky Ferreira" . Vogue Italia . September 15, 2010 . Retrieved September 11, 2016 .
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^ Salud, April (October 12, 2017). "Pentatonix's Kirstin Maldonado Adds P!nk, Avril Lavigne & Gwen Stefani to Her 2000s Pop Punk Playlist" . Billboard . Retrieved November 19, 2019 . ^ a b "Cover Drive in awe of Gwen Stefani" . Contact Music. October 27, 2012 . Retrieved September 7, 2016 . ^ Sylvester, Nick (November 8, 2004). "Gwen Stefani: "What You Waiting For " " . Pitchfork . Archived from the original on November 11, 2004 . Retrieved March 3, 2004 . ^ "Top 50 Singles of 2004" . Pitchfork . December 30, 2004 . Retrieved August 26, 2008 . ^ "American single certifications – Gwen Stefani – Hollaback Girl" . Recording Industry Association of America . June 14, 2016 . Retrieved September 6, 2016 . ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2005 Singles" . Australian Recording Industry Association . Retrieved October 9, 2010 . ^ "Decade End Charts – Hot 100 Songs" . Billboard . 2009. Archived from the original on March 26, 2011 . Retrieved February 3, 2016 . ^ Hiatt, Brian (June 17, 2016). "Gwen Stefani on No Doubt's Future, Working With Prince" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved September 6, 2016 . ^ Oldenburg, Ann (March 23, 2011). "Gwen Stefani gives $1 million to Japan relief efforts" . USA Today . Retrieved March 24, 2011 . ^ Lewis, Randy (April 2, 2011). "Gwen Stefani's Japan relief auction to run April 11–25 on EBay" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved December 4, 2011 .
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^ Interscope Records (June 10, 2011). "Photo Alert: Gwen Stefani Hosts Private Harajuku-Themed Tea Party at Royal/T to Support Save the Children's Japan Earthquake Emergency Fund" (Press release). Los Angeles. PR Newswire . Retrieved December 4, 2011 . ^ a b Rees, Alex (May 23, 2011). "Gwen Stefani's amfAR Gala Dress Was Apparently Not a L.A.M.B. Design After All" . New York . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ Donnelly, Erin (May 26, 2011). "Michael Angel: Gwen Stefani Designed amfAR Dress" . FashionEtc . Retrieved December 4, 2011 . ^ "Statement from Michael Angel Regarding Gwen Stefani amfAR Dress" (Press release). PR Newswire. May 25, 2011 . Retrieved May 25, 2011 . ^ McDevitt, Caitlin (July 3, 2012). "Gwen Stefani fundraising with first lady" . Politico . Retrieved August 6, 2016 . ^ "Gwen Stefani" . Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved December 3, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gwen Stefani . Wikiquote has quotations related to: Gwen Stefani Official website Gwen Stefani at the Encyclopædia Britannica Gwen Stefani at AllMusic Gwen Stefani on IMDb Gwen Stefani discography at MusicBrainz v t e Gwen Stefani Awards Discography Songs Tribute albums Studio albums Love. Angel. Music. Baby. The Sweet Escape This Is What the Truth Feels Like You Make It Feel Like Christmas Singles " What You Waiting For? "
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" Rich Girl " " Hollaback Girl " " Cool " " Luxurious " " Crash " " Wind It Up " " The Sweet Escape " " 4 in the Morning " " Now That You Got It " " Early Winter " " Baby Don't Lie " " Spark the Fire " " Used to Love You " " Make Me Like You " " Misery " " You Make It Feel Like Christmas " " Santa Baby " " Secret Santa " Promotional singles " The Real Thing " " Yummy " " Shine " " Go Ahead and Break My Heart " " Christmas Eve " Featured singles " South Side " " Let Me Blow Ya Mind " " What's Going On " " Can I Have It Like That " " Glycerine " " Kings Never Die " " Hands " Other songs " Almost Blue " " Harajuku Girls " " Serious " " Long Way to Go " " My Heart Is Open " " Together " " Start a War " " Leather and Lace " " Asking 4 It " " Rare " " Hair Up " " Can't Stop the Feeling! " " What U Workin' With? " " My Gift Is You " " Under the Christmas Lights "
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" White Christmas " Video albums Harajuku Lovers Live Concerts and tours Harajuku Lovers Tour The Sweet Escape Tour MasterCard Priceless Surprises Presents Gwen Stefani This Is What the Truth Feels Like Tour Just a Girl: Las Vegas Related articles No Doubt No Doubt discography Harajuku Girls Kuu Kuu Harajuku L.A.M.B. Eric Stefani Gavin Rossdale Blake Shelton Tony Kanal Gwen Stefani's You Make It Feel Like Christmas Book Category v t e No Doubt Gwen Stefani Tony Kanal Tom Dumont Adrian Young Eric Stefani John Spence Gabrial McNair Studio albums No Doubt The Beacon Street Collection Tragic Kingdom Return of Saturn Rock Steady Push and Shove Compilation albums The Singles 1992–2003 Boom Box Everything in Time Video albums Live in the Tragic Kingdom Rock Steady Live The Videos 1992–2003 Singles " Trapped in a Box " " Squeal " " Doghouse " " Just a Girl " " Spiderwebs " " Don't Speak " " Excuse Me Mr. " " Sunday Morning " " Happy Now? " " Hey You! " " New " " Ex-Girlfriend " " Simple Kind of Life " " Bathwater " " Hey Baby " " Hella Good " " Underneath It All " " Running " " It's My Life " " Settle Down " " Looking Hot " Promotional singles " Making Out "
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" Stand and Deliver " " Push and Shove " Concert tours Tragic Kingdom World Tour Rock Steady Tour Summer Tour 2004 2009 Summer Tour Seven Night Stand Related articles Discography Awards Songs v t e Brit Award for International Female Solo Artist Tracy Chapman (1989) Sinéad O'Connor (1991) Björk (1994) K.d. lang (1995) Björk (1996) Sheryl Crow (1997) Björk (1998) Natalie Imbruglia (1999) Macy Gray (2000) Madonna (2001) Kylie Minogue (2002) Pink (2003) Beyoncé (2004) Gwen Stefani (2005) Madonna (2006) Nelly Furtado (2007) Kylie Minogue (2008) Katy Perry (2009) Lady Gaga (2010) Rihanna (2011) Rihanna (2012) Lana Del Rey (2013) Lorde (2014) Taylor Swift (2015) Björk (2016) Beyoncé (2017) Lorde (2018) Ariana Grande (2019) Authority control BIBSYS : 8005235 BNE : XX848873 BNF : cb140477574 (data) GND : 132366665 ISNI : 0000 0000 6310 5556 LCCN : n2003082257 MusicBrainz : 2e41ae9c-afd2-4f20-8f1e-17281ce9b472 NKC : xx0033576 SUDOC : 083421726 Trove : 1441479 VIAF : 57771690 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 57771690 Biography portal Pop music portal California portal United States portal NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1295 Cached time: 20191202025128 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 2.108 seconds Real time usage: 2.475 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 11231/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 398356/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12044/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/40 Expensive parser function count: 19/500
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Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 583965/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 2/400 Lua time usage: 1.205/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8.4 MB/50 MB Lua Profile: ? 200 ms 15.2% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 200 ms 15.2% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::match 100 ms 7.6% dataWrapper <mw.lua:661> 60 ms 4.5% type 60 ms 4.5% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::find 60 ms 4.5% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument 60 ms 4.5% date 40 ms 3.0% Scribunto_LuaSandboxCallback::plain 40 ms 3.0% init <Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers> 40 ms 3.0% [others] 460 ms 34.8% Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 2189.138 1 -total 57.95% 1268.552 1 Template:Reflist 35.24% 771.404 155 Template:Cite_web 10.64% 232.869 30 Template:Cite_news 10.03% 219.611 2 Template:Infobox 9.32% 204.061 1 Template:Infobox_person 5.08% 111.115 1 Template:Official_website 3.28% 71.780 3 Template:Cite_journal 2.76% 60.311 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 2.73% 59.831 1 Template:Short_description Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:167805-0!canonical and timestamp 20191202025128 and revision id 928858614 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gwen_Stefani&oldid=928858614 " Categories : Gwen Stefani 1969 births Living people 20th-century American singers 20th-century American women singers 21st-century American actresses 21st-century American singers 21st-century American women singers Actresses from Fullerton, California Actresses of British descent Actresses of German descent Actresses of Italian descent American contemporary R&B singers American dance musicians American expatriates in the United Kingdom American fashion designers American female pop singers American female rock singers American film actresses American new wave musicians American people of English descent American people of German descent American people of Irish descent American people of Italian descent American people of Norwegian descent American people of Scottish descent American pop rock singers American rock songwriters American ska singers American television actresses American video game actresses American voice actresses American women in electronic music Brit Award winners California State University, Fullerton alumni Female new wave singers Grammy Award winners Interscope Records artists Musicians from Anaheim, California Musicians from Fullerton, California No Doubt members Participants in American reality television series Singers from California Songwriters from California World Music Awards winners Las Vegas shows Hidden categories: CS1 Italian-language sources (it) Articles with short description Articles with hCards Biography with signature Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2011 All articles containing potentially dated statements Commons category link from Wikidata Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links MusicBrainz artist same as Wikidata Articles with MusicBrainz artist links Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers Featured articles Use mdy dates from November 2018
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Take Me Home, Country Roads - Wikipedia CentralNotice Take Me Home, Country Roads From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Not to be confused with the James Taylor song Country Road . "Take Me Home, Country Roads" Single by John Denver from the album Poems, Prayers & Promises Released April 12, 1971 ( 1971-04-12 ) Format 7-inch single Recorded January 1971, New York City Genre Country [1] Length 3 : 17 Label RCA Songwriter(s) Bill Danoff Taffy Nivert John Denver Producer(s) Milton Okun Susan Ruskin John Denver singles chronology "Friends With You" (1971) " Take Me Home, Country Roads " (1971) "Everyday" (1972) Audio "Take Me Home, Country Roads" (audio) on YouTube " Take Me Home, Country Roads ", also known as " Take Me Home " or " Country Roads ", is a song written by Bill Danoff , Taffy Nivert , and John Denver about the beauty of the U.S. state of West Virginia . It was released as a single performed by Denver on April 12, 1971, peaking at number 2 on Billboard ' s US Hot 100 singles for the week ending August 28, 1971. The song was a success on its initial release and was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 18, 1971, and Platinum on April 10, 2017. [2] The song became one of John Denver's most popular and beloved songs. It has continued to sell, with over 1.5 million digital copies sold in the United States. [3] It is considered to be Denver's signature song . [4]
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The song has a prominent status as an iconic symbol of West Virginia, which it describes as "almost Heaven". In March 2014, it became one of the four official state anthems of West Virginia. Contents 1 Composition 2 Commercial performance 3 Reception in West Virginia 4 Personnel 5 Charts 6 Certifications 7 Cover versions 7.1 Hermes House Band version 7.2 Olivia Newton-John versions 7.3 Toots and the Maytals version 7.4 Japanese version 7.5 Fallout 76 version 8 References 9 External links Composition [ edit ] In 1970, under the name 'Fat City, Danoff and his then-wife, Mary ("Taffy") Nivert (pronounced with a long 'I') co-wrote a song called "I Guess He'd Rather Be in Colorado." Alan Cowell, manager of the DC club Cellar Door, where Danoff had worked as a sound and light man while attending Georgetown University, recommended it to Colorado transplant John Denver. Ultimately, "Take Me Home, Country Roads", was the result. Danoff (from Springfield, Massachusetts ) has stated he had never been to West Virginia before co-writing the song. [5] Inspiration for the song had come while they were driving along Clopper Road [6] to a Nivert family reunion in nearby Montgomery County, Maryland . According to a radio interview with Nivert, the road is close to Washington, D.C., where Denver often worked. To pass the time en route, Danoff had made up a ballad about the little winding roads they were taking. He had even briefly considered using "Massachusetts" rather than "West Virginia" as both four-syllable state names would have fit the song's meter. Today, the landscape around Clopper Road has changed drastically and little resembles the countryside scenery that once surrounded it. [7]
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According to Danoff, the part of the song that is quintessential West Virginia is the verse referring to the radio. Danoff says that comes directly from his childhood in the 1950s listening to the program Saturday Night Jamboree on Wheeling's WWVA from his home in Springfield, Massachusetts. [8] Danoff had some other West Virginia associations to draw from as well. He became friends with actor Chris Sarandon , a Beckley native who was once married to actress Susan Sarandon , as well as a group of hippies from a West Virginia commune who used to sit in the front row of the little clubs in which his band used to play. [8] “They brought their dogs and were a very colorful group of folks, but that is how West Virginia began creeping into the song,” Danoff said. “I didn’t want to write about Massachusetts because I didn’t think the word was musical. And the Bee Gees , of course, had a hit record called Massachusetts , but what did I know?” [9] Starting December 22, 1970, John Denver was heading the bill at The Cellar Door , a Washington, D.C. club. Fat City opened for him. After the Tuesday post-Christmas re-opening night (Cellar Door engagements ran from Tuesday to Sunday and this booking was for two weeks,) the three headed back to Bill's place for an impromptu jam. On the way, Denver's left thumb was broken in an automobile accident. He was taken to the hospital, where a splint was applied. By the time they got back to the house, he was, in his own words, "wired, you know." [ citation needed ]
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Danoff and Nivert then told him about the song that they had been working on for about a month. Originally, Danoff and Nivert had planned to sell the song to popular country singer Johnny Cash , but when Denver heard the song and decided he had to have it, the duo who wrote the original lyrics decided not to make the sale. [ citation needed ] They sang the song for Denver and as he recalled, "I flipped." The three stayed up until 6:00 a.m., changing words and moving lines around. [10] The bridge to the song was still missing, so the three of them, began finishing the song in the living room of Danoff's apartment. Taffy got out an encyclopedia to learn a little more about West Virginia, and the first thing that came up was the Rhododendron , the state flower, so she kept trying to work the word Rhododendron into the song. Rhododendron was actually the title that Taffy had written down on the lyric sheet, which they later sent to ASCAP . [9] The geographical features named in the first verse of the lyrics - Blue Ridge Mountains , Shenandoah River - which are more prominent in the state of Virginia than in West Virginia, can be found in Jefferson County, West Virginia . [11] When they finished, Denver announced that the song had to go on his next album. [10]
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The song's first public performance was on December 30, 1970, during Denver's set, with the singers reading the words from a folded piece of paper. This resulted in a five-minute ovation, one of the longest in Cellar Door history. [12] They recorded it in New York City in January 1971. Commercial performance [ edit ] "Take Me Home, Country Roads" appeared on the LP Poems, Prayers & Promises and was released as a 45 in the spring of 1971. Original pressings credited the single to "John Denver with Fat City". It broke nationally in mid-April but moved up the charts very slowly. After several weeks, RCA Records called John and told him that they were giving up on the single. His response: "No! Keep working on it!" They did, and the single went to number 1 on the Record World Pop Singles Chart and the Cash Box Top 100 , and number 2 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 , topped only by " How Can You Mend a Broken Heart " by The Bee Gees . On August 18, 1971, it was certified Gold by the RIAA for a million copies shipped. [13] The song continued to sell in the digital era. As of January 2019, the song has also sold an additional 1,515,000 downloads since it became available digitally. [3]
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Reception in West Virginia [ edit ] "Take Me Home, Country Roads" received an enthusiastic response from West Virginians. The song is the theme song of West Virginia University and it has been performed during every home football pregame show since 1972. On September 6, 1980, at the invitation of West Virginia Governor Jay Rockefeller , songwriters Bill Danoff, Taffy Nivert, and John Denver performed the song during pregame festivities to a sold-out crowd of Mountaineer fans. This performance marked the dedication of the current West Virginia University Mountaineer Field and the first game for head coach Don Nehlen . [14] The song is played for other athletic events and university functions, including after football games, for which the fans are encouraged to stay in the stands and sing the song along with the team. [15] This song was played at the funeral memorial for West Virginia Senator Robert Byrd at the state capitol in Charleston on July 2, 2010. [16] The popularity of the song has inspired resolutions in the West Virginia Legislature to adopt "Take Me Home, Country Roads" as an official state song. On March 7, 2014, the West Virginia Legislature approved a resolution to make "Take Me Home, Country Roads" an official state song of West Virginia, alongside three other pieces: "West Virginia Hills", "This is My West Virginia", and "West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home". [17] Governor Earl Ray Tomblin signed the resolution into law on March 8, 2014. [18]
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On November 1, 2017, the West Virginia Tourism Office announced it had obtained the rights to use “Take Me Home, Country Roads,” in its marketing efforts. “‘Country Roads’ has become synonymous with West Virginia all over the world,” said West Virginia Tourism Commissioner Chelsea Ruby. “It highlights everything we love about our state: scenic beauty, majestic mountains, a timeless way of life, and most of all, the warmth of a place that feels like home whether you’ve lived here forever or are just coming to visit.” [19] The Mountain State Brewing Company based in Thomas, West Virginia , produces an amber ale called "Almost Heaven," which it says is "named after John Denver's ode to West Virginia, Country Roads". [20] Personnel [ edit ] John Denver – vocals, 6 & 12-string acoustic guitar Bill Danoff - backing vocals Taffy Nivert - backing vocals Eric Weissberg – banjo, steel guitar Mike Taylor – acoustic guitar Richard Kniss – double bass Gary Chester – drums, percussion Charts [ edit ] Chart (1971) Peak position Canada Top Singles ( RPM ) [21] 3 Canada Adult Contemporary ( RPM ) [22] 5 Canada Country Tracks ( RPM ) [23] 17 US Billboard Hot 100 [24] 2 US Adult Contemporary ( Billboard ) [25] 3 US Hot Country Singles ( Billboard ) [26] 50 Certifications [ edit ]
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Region Certification Certified units /sales Italy ( FIMI ) [27] Gold 25,000 United Kingdom ( BPI ) [28] Gold 500,000 United States ( RIAA ) [2] Platinum 1,535,000 [3] sales+streaming figures based on certification alone Cover versions [ edit ] Hermes House Band version [ edit ] "Country Roads" Single by Hermes House Band from the album The Album Released 2001 Format CD single Length 3 : 22 Label XPLO Music Songwriter(s) Bill Danoff Taffy Nivert John Denver Producer(s) Jim Binapfl John Lehmkuhl Mark Snijders Jack Buck Hermes House Band singles chronology "Disco Samba Part II" (2000) " Country Roads " (2001) " Que Sera Sera " (2001) In 2001, the song was covered by Dutch pop band Hermes House Band and released as " Country Roads ". This version was a chart success in Europe, reaching number one in Scotland, number two in Germany and Ireland, and the top 10 in Austria, Denmark and the United Kingdom. The band performed the song live on Top of the Pops . [ citation needed ] Dutch CD single No. Title Length 1. "Country Roads" (original radio edit) 3:22 2. "Country Roads" (happy dance version) 3:20 Weekly charts Chart (2001) Peak position Austria ( Ö3 Austria Top 40 ) [29] 4 Belgium ( Ultratop 50 Flanders) [30] 23 Denmark ( Tracklisten ) [31]
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5 Germany ( Official German Charts ) [32] 2 Ireland ( IRMA ) [33] 2 Ireland Dance ( IRMA ) [34] 1 Netherlands ( Dutch Top 40 ) [35] 27 Netherlands ( Single Top 100 ) [36] 17 Scotland (Official Charts Company) [37] 1 Sweden ( Sverigetopplistan ) [38] 60 Switzerland ( Schweizer Hitparade ) [39] 35 UK Singles (Official Charts Company) [40] 7 Year-end charts Chart (2001) Position Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40) [41] 18 Germany (Official German Charts) [42] 10 Ireland (IRMA) [43] 20 UK Singles (Official Charts Company) [44] 121 Certifications Region Certification Certified units /sales Germany ( BVMI ) [45] Platinum 500,000 ^ United Kingdom ( BPI ) [46] Silver 200,000 ^ shipments figures based on certification alone sales+streaming figures based on certification alone Olivia Newton-John versions [ edit ] Olivia Newton-John recorded a cover version in 1973 that reached the number 6 in Japan and the number 15 in the UK, but only reached No. 119 in the United States on the Billboard Hot 100 . [ citation needed ] Toots and the Maytals version [ edit ] Jamaican ska/reggae band Toots and the Maytals covered the song on their 1973 album In the Dark , the track also later included on the 1975 U.S. release of Funky Kingston . Japanese version [ edit ] A Japanese language cover of the song, sung by Yōko Honna , was made for the 1995 anime film, Whisper of the Heart . The song, which plays a part in the plot of the film, is humorously renamed "Concrete Roads" and reflects on Honna's character's hometown in western Tokyo . The Olivia Newton-John version also plays during the opening of the film.
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Fallout 76 version [ edit ] A cover version of the song, a collaboration between Copilot Music and Sound and the vocal group Spank , was commissioned for and featured in both the teaser and full E3 2018 trailers for the 2018 video game, Fallout 76 , whose plot events are set in West Virginia. [47] Released as an iTunes -only single on July 4, 2018, the song reached #1 on the iTunes singles chart. [48] It debuted at #41 on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart that week and at #21 on Billboard's Country Digital Songs the following week. [48] The official YouTube upload of the original John Denver recording, initially uploaded in 2013, would later edit its description in response to the song's use for the game. [49] In Australia, a promotional Fallout 76 vinyl featuring the cover was included with the December 2018 issue of STACK Magazine exclusively from retailer JB Hi-Fi . [50] Charts Chart (2018) Peak position US Country Digital Songs ( Billboard ) [48] 21 US Hot Country Songs ( Billboard ) [48] 41 References [ edit ] ^ Kurt Wolff; Orla Duane (2000). Country Music: The Rough Guide . Rough Guides. p. 425. ISBN 978-1-85828-534-4 . ^ a b "American single certifications – John Denver – Take Me Home, Country Road" . Recording Industry Association of America . If necessary, click Advanced , then click Format , then select Single , then click SEARCH .
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^ a b c Bjorke, Matt (March 9, 2019). "Top 30 Digital Country Tracks: March 11, 2019" . Roughstock . Retrieved March 23, 2019 . ^ "John Denver - UNPLUGGED COLLECTION [IMPORT] Music CDs" (list), Choose, 2007, webpage: JD-Collect Archived 2008-12-11 at the Wayback Machine . ^ "Bill Danoff | Songs" . Billdanoff.com . Retrieved April 17, 2017 . ^ Jack Diamond Mix 107.3 ^ "Bill Danoff | Bill and John Denver" . Billdanoff.com . Retrieved November 26, 2012 . ^ a b "Take Me Home, Country Roads" . WVUSports.com. 2014-01-29 . Retrieved February 11, 2019 . ^ a b "Take Me Home, Country Roads" . WVUSports.com. 2014-01-29 . Retrieved November 29, 2018 . ^ a b Collis, John (30 September 2011). John Denver: Mother Nature's Son . Mainstream Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-78057-330-4 . ^ "Physiographic Provinces of West Virginia" . Retrieved August 25, 2018 . ^ "Bill's Music Heritage" . Billdanoff.com . Retrieved 2011-01-29 . This may be a little self-serving recollection - I recall them performing it during the first set, Denver calling them up onstage and then promising to get them back up again once the song had been performed. There was likely a second set that night, the night before a big holiday, the only management decision to be made whether there was an additional cover charge imposed for those inclined to linger through both sets
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^ "American certifications – John Denver – Take Me Home, Country Road" . Recording Industry Association of America . ^ "Country Roads-John Denver WVU 1980 Introduction and Full Song (Audio)" . YouTube . July 8, 2013 . Retrieved December 1, 2018 . John Denver, Bill Danoff, and Taffy Nivert performing "Take Me Home, Country Roads" at the opening of West Virginia University's Mountaineer Field September 6, 1980. This audio recording includes the introduction by John Denver followed by the full song as recorded by WVAQ with Jack Fleming announcing. ^ "Welcome To | WVU Traditions | West Virginia University" . Welcometo.wvu.edu. 2009-11-03. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20 . Retrieved 2011-01-29 . ^ Garcia, Jon (July 2, 2010). "Eulogizing Sen. Robert Byrd: The Hard Working, if Imperfect, Senator" . ABC News . Archived from the original on July 5, 2010. ^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2014-03-16 . Retrieved 2014-03-16 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) ^ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 2014-03-08 . Retrieved 2014-03-07 . CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) ^ "WV Tourism obtains rights to use John Denver's 'Take Me Home, Country Roads ' " . West Virginia Press. November 1, 2017 . Retrieved December 1, 2018 . ^ "Brews" . Mountainstatebrewing.com . Archived from the original on January 4, 2012 . Retrieved February 13, 2012 .
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^ " Top RPM Singles: Issue 7580 ." RPM . Library and Archives Canada . September 4, 1971. ^ " Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 5331 ." RPM . Library and Archives Canada . August 14, 1971. ^ " Top RPM Country Tracks: Issue 5339 ." RPM . Library and Archives Canada . August 14, 1971. ^ "John Denver Chart History (Hot 100)" . Billboard . Retrieved March 26, 2015. ^ "John Denver Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" . Billboard . Retrieved March 26, 2015. ^ "Hot Country Singles" . Billboard . Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 83 (36): 32. September 4, 1971. ISSN 0006-2510 . ^ "Italian single certifications – John Denver – Take Me Home, Country Roads" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana . Retrieved April 15, 2019 . Select "2019" in the "Anno" drop-down menu. Select "Take Me Home, Country Roads" in the "Filtra" field. Select "Singoli online" under "Sezione". ^ "British single certifications – John Denver – Take Me Home, Country Roads" . British Phonographic Industry . Select singles in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type Take Me Home, Country Roads in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter. ^ " Austriancharts.at – Hermes House Band – Country Roads" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40 . ^ " Ultratop.be – Hermes House Band – Country Roads" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50 .
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^ " Danishcharts.com – Hermes House Band – Country Roads" . Tracklisten . ^ " Offiziellecharts.de – Hermes House Band – Country Roads" . GfK Entertainment Charts . ^ " Chart Track: Week 51, 2001" . Irish Singles Chart . Retrieved June 2, 2019. ^ "Top 10 Dance Singles, Week Ending 11 October 2001" . GfK Chart-Track . Retrieved June 2, 2019 . ^ " Nederlandse Top 40 – week 1, 2002 " (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40 ^ " Dutchcharts.nl – Hermes House Band – Country Roads" (in Dutch). Single Top 100 . ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100" . Official Charts Company . ^ " Swedishcharts.com – Hermes House Band – Country Roads" . Singles Top 100 . ^ " Swisscharts.com – Hermes House Band – Country Roads" . Swiss Singles Chart . ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100" . Official Charts Company . ^ "Jahreshitparade Singles 2001" (in German) . Retrieved November 9, 2019 . ^ "Top 100 Single–Jahrescharts 2001" (in German). GfK Entertainment . Retrieved June 12, 2018 . ^ "Best of Singles 2001" . IRMA . Retrieved June 12, 2018 . ^ "The Official UK Singles Chart 2001" (PDF) . UKChartsPlus . Retrieved June 12, 2018 . ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Hermes House Band; 'Country Roads')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie . ^ "British single certifications – Hermes House Band – Country Roads" . British Phonographic Industry . Select singles in the Format field. Select Silver in the Certification field. Type Country Roads in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
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^ Kuchera, Ben (11 June 2018). "Fallout 76 has everyone humming John Denver" . Polygon . Vox Media, Inc. Retrieved 22 July 2018 . ^ a b c d Hampp, Andrew (31 July 2018). "Songs for Screens: How a John Denver Classic Resurfaced Thanks to 'Fallout 76 ' " . Variety . Retrieved 17 September 2018 . ^ "John Denver - Take Me Home, Country Roads (Audio)" . YouTube . April 5, 2013 . Retrieved October 11, 2018 . John Denver's official audio for 'Take Me Home, Country Roads', as featured on Fallout 76. ^ Kolbe, Alesha (December 3, 2018). "Grab a FREE Fallout 76 vinyl with this month's STACK Magazine" . stack.com.au. Archived from the original on December 4, 2018 . Retrieved December 4, 2018 . External links [ edit ] Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics v t e John Denver Studio albums John Denver Sings Rhymes & Reasons Take Me to Tomorrow Whose Garden Was This Poems, Prayers & Promises Aerie Rocky Mountain High Farewell Andromeda Back Home Again Windsong Spirit I Want to Live John Denver Autograph Some Days Are Diamonds Seasons of the Heart It's About Time Dreamland Express One World Higher Ground Earth Songs The Flower That Shattered the Stone Different Directions Love Again All Aboard! Live albums An Evening with John Denver Live in London
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Live at the Sydney Opera House The Wildlife Concert The Best of John Denver Live Sing Australia Christmas in Concert The Harbor Lights Concert Live in the U.S.S.R. Live at Cedar Rapids Specialty albums Rocky Mountain Christmas A Christmas Together Rocky Mountain Holiday Christmas, Like a Lullaby Forever, John Compilation albums John Denver's Greatest Hits John Denver's Greatest Hits Volume 2 John Denver's Greatest Hits Volume 3 The Very Best of John Denver John Denver: A Portrait The John Denver Collection Something to Sing About 16 Biggest Hits The Essential John Denver Tribute albums The Music Is You: A Tribute to John Denver Singles " Take Me Home, Country Roads " " Rocky Mountain High " " Sunshine on My Shoulders " " Annie's Song " " Back Home Again " " Sweet Surrender " " Thank God I'm a Country Boy " " I'm Sorry " " Calypso " " Fly Away " " Looking for Space " " Like a Sad Song " " Some Days Are Diamonds (Some Days Are Stone) " " The Cowboy and the Lady " " Perhaps Love " " Shanghai Breezes " " Dreamland Express " " And So It Goes " Related articles Discography Filmography Perhaps Love " Leaving on a Jet Plane " The John Denver Band Category v t e State of West Virginia Charleston (capital) Topics
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Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Čeština Deutsch Español فارسی Français 한국어 Italiano Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Norsk Norsk nynorsk Português Русский Simple English کوردی Svenska 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 19 November 2019, at 21:13 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Statistics Cookie statement Mobile view
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James (band) - Wikipedia CentralNotice James (band) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "James" band – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( April 2014 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) James James performing at the Haldern Pop Festival in 2013 Background information Origin Manchester , England Genres Indie pop [1] Madchester [2] alternative rock [3] Years active 1982–2001, 2007–present Labels Factory Sire Rough Trade Fontana Mercury Sanctuary Decca Cooking Vinyl BMG Website wearejames .com Members Jim Glennie Tim Booth David Baynton-Power Saul Davies Mark Hunter Andy Diagram Adrian Oxaal Past members Paul Gilbertson Gavan Whelan Larry Gott Michael Kulas James are an English rock band from Manchester , who were formed in 1982 and enjoyed popularity throughout the 1990s. The band's best-known singles include " Come Home "; " Sit Down "; " She's a Star " and " Laid ", which also became a hit on American college radio . [4] Following the departure of lead singer Tim Booth in 2001, the band became inactive, but reunited in January 2007 and has gone on to produce a further six albums. James's hit single "Come Home" was voted the greatest ever Manchester anthem in a radio poll. Live performance has continually remained a central part of the band's output. [5] As of 2010, the band had sold more than 25 million albums worldwide. [6]
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Contents 1 History 1.1 Formation and early releases: 1982–1987 1.2 Line-up changes and success: 1988–1992 1.3 Subsequent releases: 1993–2001 1.4 Break-up and other projects: 2002–2006 1.5 Reunion: 2007–present 2 Members 3 Awards and nominations 4 Discography 5 References 6 External links History [ edit ] Tim Booth at Haldern Pop 2013 Larry Gott Jim Glennie Saul Davies Mark Hunter Dave Baynton-Power Andy Diagram Formation and early releases: 1982–1987 [ edit ] James were formed in 1982 in Whalley Range , Manchester, when Paul Gilbertson persuaded his friend Jim Glennie to buy a bass guitar and form a band with him. Their line-up solidified when Gavan Whelan joined on drums. They played a string of gigs under the names Venereal and the Diseases and later, Volume Distortion, before settling on the name of Model Team International, then shortened to Model Team. They performed mostly improvised material derived from jam sessions , supporting the Fall at an early gig at Manchester Polytechnic. Vocalists and other musicians drifted rapidly in and out of their line-up, until the band encountered Tim Booth at a student disco. Gilbertson invited him to the band's scout hut in Withington to join the band as a dancer; he was soon promoted to lead singer. After a brief period under the name Tribal Outlook, the band renamed themselves James in August 1982. A gig at the Haçienda caught the attention of Tony Wilson of Factory Records . He offered James an album deal with Factory, but the band, by now a settled live act, were worried about tarnishing their material in the studio and settled instead for a three-track EP. Their debut release, the Jimone EP , was recorded at Strawberry Studios , Stockport , in August 1983 and released on Factory Records in September. [4] It led to the band providing the support for The Smiths between February and April 1985 on the Meat is Murder tour. [7] The Smiths covered James' 'What's The World' track during this tour.
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Although they were now being touted as the 'next big thing', several complex issues slowed their progress. Gilbertson's drug problems presented the band with no choice but to ask him to leave. Booth and Glennie had joined a sect named Lifewave that imposed many restrictions on their lifestyle and threatened the band's stability. [8] The band's second EP, James II , was released over a year after the first and accompanied by a feature on the cover of the NME , Gilbertson having been replaced by the band's guitar tutor Larry Gott . The first two EPs would later be collected as Village Fire . [4] Reviews were once again positive, and Factory were eager for James to record an album with it, but the band believed Factory were purely image-based and left the label, striking a deal with Sire Records . Their third release, the Sit Down EP (no relation to the song of that name) came out in February 1986, and was followed by their debut album, Stutter in July of that year. [4] The album reached number 68 in the UK Albums Chart . [4] Low on money and lacking coverage and promotion, the band recorded their second album, Strip-mine , attempting a more conventional song structure in an attempt to please Sire. The album almost went unreleased, but after undergoing a slight remix to sound more radio-friendly, Sire released the album in September 1988, over a year after it had been initially completed. However the album only reached number 90. [4] After finding a clause for ending their contract, the band left Sire.
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James had by this point earned themselves a reputation as a live act and had built a solid fanbase. Sales of James T-shirts were particularly successful in Manchester even before they reached the Top 40 . James financed the production of a live album One Man Clapping with a bank loan and the help of Rough Trade Records . [4] The album went to number 1 in the indie charts, reinvigorating media interest in the band. Line-up changes and success: 1988–1992 [ edit ] In November 1988, drummer Whelan became involved in an on-stage fight with Booth [9] and was asked to leave the band. He was replaced by David Baynton-Power a few months later. During the following year James greatly expanded their lineup and sound palette by hiring three new members — guitarist-violinist-percussionist Saul Davies (who Gott recruited from an amateur blues night), keyboard player Mark Hunter and onetime Diagram Brothers/ Dislocation Dance / The Cotton Singers Pale Fountains trumpeter/percussionist Andy Diagram (the latter a noted avant-garde musician). [4] This new seven-piece line-up went into the studio to record the third James album. New singles " Sit Down " and " Come Home " became strong hits in the independent charts, and the latter featured on the compilation album Happy Daze . The album Gold Mother was intended to be released on Rough Trade but the owner of the label, Geoff Travis , believed James could only reach an audience of 20,000 to 30,000. The band believed they had more potential than this and bought the rights to the album from Rough Trade. A successful winter tour in 1989 attracted a deal with Fontana Records , [4] and the band ended a difficult decade on an optimistic note.
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Gold Mother was released in June 1990, just as the ' Madchester ' movement, with its wave of popular Manchester-based indie bands, focused public attention on James and won them mainstream recognition. [4] Singles "How Was It for You", the remixed " Come Home " and "Lose Control" all made the Top 40, and the band's newfound success was re-affirmed when they played two sell-out dates at the Manchester G-Mex at the end of the year. In March 1991, when the popularity of " Sit Down " led to a re-recorded version being released as a single, reaching number 2 in the UK Singles Chart . [4] Gold Mother was re-released to include "Sit Down" and previous single "Lose Control", and the album sold ten times more copies than Travis originally predicted. The song became one of the biggest-selling singles of the year. The band members spent the rest of the year recording their next album, Seven , which was released in February 1992. [4] It reached number 2 in the UK Albums Chart (its lead single, " Sound ", had followed "Sit Down" into the top 10 a few months earlier) and earned the band some recognition in the US as they embarked on their first Stateside tour. The band's activities culminated in a sell-out show to 30,000 people at the Alton Towers theme park in July, broadcast live on BBC Radio 1 , following which Andy Diagram left the group.
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Subsequent releases: 1993–2001 [ edit ] In 1993 James were invited on an acoustic tour of the US supporting Neil Young at a series of natural outdoor venues in the autumn. They returned to England refreshed and ready to record their new album with Brian Eno , whom they had originally approached to produce Stutter but who had been unavailable at the time. Eno set about bringing out the ambience in James' music, and took them through a recording process that the band later described as a "journey of self-discovery". The process resulted in not one but two albums: the 'song' album, Laid , and the experimental Wah Wah , which showcased the band's improvised jams recorded on the spot, then mixed by Eno. [4] Booth's vocals were then added to the results. Laid was released in September 1993 to positive reviews. As well as being a success in the UK, the album also broke the band in the US, shipping over 600,000 copies and charting at number 72 in the Billboard 200 , [4] propelled by the popularity of its risqué title track on US college radio . The band spent most of 1994 touring the States. Wah Wah was eventually released in September 1994 to a lukewarm reception. The recording of the follow-up album faced difficulties from the start. Two key members of the James organisation resigned — guitarist and key composer Larry Gott (who left the group in order to spend more time with his family) and manager Martine McDonagh (who had had a sometimes fraught romantic relationship with Booth, resulting in a son called Ben). Booth announced that he also wished to take a break in order to record an album with Angelo Badalamenti . At around the same time, there was the discovery of a £250,000 tax bill owed by the band.
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Determined to continue despite the setbacks, the band set up studio in Baynton-Power's house. Former Sharkboy guitarist Adrian Oxaal was drafted in to replace Gott on guitar, [4] while Booth returned periodically from the States to add his vocals. 1996 saw the release of Booth's album with Badalamenti ( Booth and the Bad Angel ). The new James album, Whiplash , followed in February 1997. The album proved a successful comeback, reaching the UK top 10 as did the single " She's a Star ". [4] The band toured to promote the album, recruiting new member Michael Kulas while in the States, on rhythm guitar. Booth suffered a neck injury while dancing on stage in the US, resulting in a series of tour dates being cancelled as he underwent emergency surgery, and the band being offered a place instead on the Lollapalooza tour. In March 1998, a greatest hits album, The Best Of , was released, compiling all the band's hits since their signing to Fontana. The album reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart, [4] and sell-out tours throughout the year followed. The band then returned to the studio to begin work on their next album, Millionaires , which was released in October 1999. The album did not reach the phenomenal sales level predicted, but still entered the UK Album charts at number 2, [4] and sold over 150,000 copies.
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After the disappointing performance of Millionaires the band chose to start anew in their approach to their next album, working with Eno once again. They spent most of 2000 recording the album; writing the songs, then performing them live before actually recording them. They embarked on a small-scale tour in the autumn of that year on which their set lists consisted almost entirely of new material. The album, Pleased To Meet You , was released in July 2001. The album's artwork featured a composite image of the faces of all the band members to create a new person. The album reached only number 11, the lowest position for a James studio album since their signing to Fontana. Break-up and other projects: 2002–2006 [ edit ] Shortly after their last album release, James reached the end of their contract, and Tim Booth announced he was leaving the band to concentrate on other projects of his own. They played a farewell tour of the UK at the end of the year. Their final hometown gig, at the Manchester Evening News arena on 7 December, was recorded for a live CD and DVD, Getting Away With It... Live . Past members Larry Gott and Andy Diagram rejoined them for the tour, and Brian Eno also joined them onstage at London's Wembley Arena during the tour. The albums Gold Mother , Laid , and Whiplash (each containing bonus tracks) were re-released by Mercury Records the following year, as well as a B-sides compilation entitled B-Sides Ultra .
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A planned compilation of material from the band's Factory and Sire years was announced in 2001, but the album, Strange Dancing , was never released. The first two James albums, Stutter and Strip-mine , were re-pressed in June 2007, but without any additional rarities. Booth continued as a solo artist in 2004 with the release of his solo album Bone , co-written and produced by Lee Muddy Baker . A new compilation album , The Collection was released in late 2004, and Seven – The Live Concert (a DVD version of a previously released video) in 2005. Reunion: 2007–present [ edit ] In January 2007 singer Tim Booth's personal website announced that "Tim will be rejoining James in early 2007 for a series of live shows to be announced very soon". [10] At the same time, James' old website was replaced by a new domain holder at wearejames.com. The site confirmed the line-up as that which recorded the album Laid : Booth, Gott, Glennie, Davies, Hunter and Baynton-Power. Booth confirmed in interviews that he became convinced to rejoin the band after meeting up with Glennie and Gott the previous November for a jamming session, out of which new songs were born. The initial five dates of the tour were expanded to seven on the day tickets went on sale (26 January) due to high demand; the whole tour had sold out by close of business. The tour took place during late April 2007, and was followed later in the year by more live shows, including festival appearances at T in the Park and V Festival . The band also appeared at Summercase , Barcelona's top music concert in Spain during July 2007. Andy Diagram also rejoined the band as trumpet player during the festival tour. April saw the release of a new compilation album, Fresh as a Daisy — The Singles , accompanied by a DVD compilation of all the band's promo videos.
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The new album Hey Ma was released on 7 April 2008, peaking at number 10 on the UK album charts, and a three-week tour to promote the album commenced on 10 April 2008. An arena tour of the UK called "We Are Sound" followed in December, on which two new songs ("Porcupine" and "Look Away") were previewed as tasters for a new studio album. A live album with a selection of songs recorded during the 2008 spring tour was exclusively sold at the merchandise stalls of the "We Are Sound" tour. Live in 2008 was limited to 5000 copies. The band announced plans to release two mini-albums by April 2010. The Night Before was released on 19 April, although its follow-up, The Morning After , was released later than expected, on 2 August 2010. Following the release of The Night Before , the band embarked on a UK tour, the Mirrorball Tour, premièring songs from the album. Another UK tour took place in December. Both this tour and the US release of both mini-albums together as a 2-CD set called The Morning After The Night Before . A 19-date North American tour began in September to promote the combined album as well as showcase the songs before the UK tour. At the beginning of 2011, Tim Booth announced that he was working on some new solo material, although James remained active, participating in the Lollapalooza festival in Chile . The band appeared at The Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on 13 and 20 April in Indio, California and Hard Rock Calling 2011 on 24 June in Hyde Park , London, where they were joined by Kaiser Chiefs and headline act The Killers . Towards the end of 2011, James signalled a departure from their previous touring style, with the announcement of a series of dates in October and November of that year including an orchestra and a choir. [11] This short, ten date tour saw James performing their back catalogue accompanied by the Orchestra of the Swan [12] and the Manchester Consort Choir.
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They played at Kendal Calling Festival 2012 [13] and toured again in 2013. James' first new album in six years La Petite Mort was released on 2 June 2014 [14] along with a promo single "Moving On". In July 2014, the band headlined on the Castle Stage for Camp Bestival at Lulworth Castle in Dorset and announced a ten date UK tour starting on 10 November, preceded by an 11 October headlining of the entertainment at the Rugby league Super League grand final at Old Trafford , performing a set before the game and in the half time show. They toured again in 2015, playing some shows without Larry Gott , who was taking a break from touring: Adrian Oxaal re-joined the band for the duration of the tour, subsequently replacing Gott in the active lineup. Keyboard technician Ron Yeadon, formerly of Unkle Bob , also appeared on stage, singing backing vocals; he later joined the band as a backing vocalist. In 2016, the album Girl at the End of the World was released, with an accompanying tour – building up to the band's planned appearance opening 2016's Glastonbury Festival (the Other Stage) and later taking a top spot at the On Blackheath festival in September. In May 2018, James released a 4-song EP entitled Better Than That that reached number 1 of the Vinyl Singles Chart [15] and embarked on a sold-out UK tour to promote it. During this tour, they also previewed a few songs from their following album, Living in Extraordinary Times , released on 3 August 2018. Percussionist and backing vocalist Deborah Knox-Hewson joined the band during the tour, replacing Ron Yeadon. She left the band shortly after the album's release.
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Members [ edit ] Current members Jim Glennie - bass guitar, backing vocals (1982–2001, 2007–present) Tim Booth - lead vocals (1982–2001, 2007–present) Adrian Oxaal - lead guitar, cello (1995–2001, 2015–present) David Baynton-Power - drums (1988–2001, 2007–present) Saul Davies - rhythm guitar, acoustic guitar, violin, percussion, backing vocals (1989–2001, 2007–present) Mark Hunter - keyboards, piano (1989–2001, 2007–present) Andy Diagram - trumpet, percussion, backing vocals (1989–1992, 2001, 2007–present) Former members Paul Gilbertson - lead guitar (1982–1985) Gavan Whelan - drums (1982–1988) Michael Kulas - rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1997–2001) Larry Gott - lead guitar, acoustic guitar, keyboard, flute, backing vocals (1985–1995, 2001, 2007–2015) Touring and session members Ron Yeadon - drums, percussion, backing vocals (2014–2017) Deborah Knox-Hewson - drums, percussion, backing vocals (2018) Chloe Alper - drums, percussion, backing vocals (2018) Timeline Awards and nominations [ edit ] Year Awards Work Category Result 1991 Silver Clef Award Themselves Best Newcomer Won Smash Hits Poll Winners Party Smash Hits/Radio One Award for Best New Group Nominated Best Indie Act Nominated 1992 Ivor Novello Awards " Sit Down " Best Contemporary Song Nominated 2012 Lunas del Auditorio Themselves Best Foreign Rock Artist Nominated 2014 UK Music Video Awards "Moving On" Best Animation Won Best Rock/Indie Video - UK Nominated AIM Independent Music Awards Independent Video of the Year Nominated Ibiza Music Video Festival Best Visual Effects
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Nominated 2015 Berlin Music Video Awards "All I'm Saying" Best Animation Nominated 2017 "Dear John" Nominated Discography [ edit ] Main article: James discography Studio albums Album title Year Notes Stutter 1986 Strip-mine 1988 Gold Mother 1990 Released in the US as James (1991) Seven 1992 Laid 1993 Wah Wah 1994 Whiplash 1997 Millionaires 1999 Pleased to Meet You 2001 Hey Ma 2008 The Night Before 2010 Released in the US as The Morning After the Night Before (2010) The Morning After 2010 La Petite Mort 2014 Girl at the End of the World 2016 Living in Extraordinary Times 2018 References [ edit ] ^ David Roberts (2005). British Hit Singles and Albums . Guinness World Records. p. 26. ISBN 1-904994-00-8 . ^ Lavelle, Emma. "The Rise and Fall of Madchester" . Culture Trip . ^ Sexton, Paul (14 August 2004). "Back Bone" . Billboard . Retrieved 24 January 2017 . ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Strong, Martin C. (2000). The Great Rock Discography (5th ed.). Edinburgh: Mojo Books. pp. 492–493. ISBN 1-84195-017-3 . ^ "Indie band James reform for tour" . BBC News . 24 January 2007. ^ Alex Rendon (16 September 2010). "Manchester Rock Great James Returns to South Florida After 13 Years Away" . New Times Broward-Palm Beach . Retrieved 24 August 2011 .
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^ "James History" . Oneofthethree.co.uk . Retrieved 13 December 2012 . ^ "James: Stutter" . Music Arcades. 10 April 2006 . Retrieved 13 December 2012 . ^ "Gavan Whelan Music Videos" . Ovguide.com. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014 . Retrieved 13 December 2012 . ^ "Tim Booth personal webpage - archived" . Archived from the original on 13 January 2008 . Retrieved 1 March 2017 . CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown ( link ) ^ "James announce UK tour with choir and orchestra – ticket details | News" . Nme.com. 30 June 2011 . Retrieved 13 December 2012 . ^ "Orchestra of the Swan" . Orchestra of the Swan . Retrieved 13 December 2012 . ^ "James: Sit Down live" . Kendalcalling.co.uk . ^ "James Official Online Store : Merch, Music, Downloads & Clothing" . James.tmstor.es . Retrieved 18 April 2014 . ^ "Official Vinyl Singles Chart Top 40 | Official Charts Company" . www.officialcharts.com . Retrieved 20 July 2018 . Works cited Stuart Maconie : Folklore , Virgin Books, 2000 ( ISBN 0-7535-0494-4 ). External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to James (band) . Official website v t e James Jim Glennie Tim Booth David Baynton-Power Saul Davies Mark Hunter Andy Diagram Adrian Oxaal Paul Gilbertson Gavan Whelan Larry Gott Michael Kulas
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Studio albums Stutter Strip-mine Gold Mother Seven Laid Wah Wah Whiplash Millionaires Pleased to Meet You Hey Ma The Night Before The Morning After La Petite Mort Girl at the End of the World Living in Extraordinary Times Live albums One Man Clapping Getting Away with It... Live Live in 2008 Compilations The Best Of B-Sides Ultra The Collection Fresh as a Daisy - The Singles Extended plays Jimone James II Village Fire Singles " Chain Mail " " So Many Ways " " What For " " Sit Down " " Come Home " " Sound " " Born of Frustration " " Laid " " She's a Star " " Waltzing Along " " Destiny Calling " " Runaground " " I Know What I'm Here For " Related articles Discography Booth and the Bad Angel Authority control BNF : cb13943121x (data) GND : 10289788-8 LCCN : n92076240 MusicBrainz : a2accb58-6099-4cb5-a3c8-f6332f364db5 SUDOC : 157474216 VIAF : 102840429 WorldCat Identities (via VIAF): 102840429 NewPP limit report Parsed by mw1329 Cached time: 20191214154316 Cache expiry: 2592000 Dynamic content: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.796 seconds Real time usage: 1.741 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2383/1000000 Preprocessor generated node count: 0/1500000 Post‐expand include size: 70277/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4811/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/40 Expensive parser function count: 10/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20
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Unstrip post‐expand size: 48754/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 Lua time usage: 0.369/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6.61 MB/50 MB Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1517.652 1 -total 21.27% 322.749 1 Template:Infobox_musical_artist 19.58% 297.229 1 Template:Infobox 17.34% 263.211 1 Template:Reflist 15.27% 231.682 1 Template:More_citations_needed 14.72% 223.368 1 Template:Ambox 8.74% 132.638 1 Template:Authority_control 7.23% 109.726 2 Template:Cite_book 6.15% 93.389 1 Template:Commons_category 5.69% 86.407 1 Template:ISBN Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:528805-0!canonical and timestamp 20191214154314 and revision id 925355922 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_(band)&oldid=925355922 " Categories : English alternative rock groups Musical groups from Manchester Musical groups from Greater Manchester Factory Records artists Rough Trade Records artists Sire Records artists Mercury Records artists Fontana Records artists Decca Records artists Cooking Vinyl artists Madchester groups People from Whalley Range Musical groups established in 1982 Musical groups disestablished in 2001 Musical groups reestablished in 2007 British indie pop groups 1982 establishments in England James (band) Hidden categories: Pages using Timeline CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown Use dmy dates from November 2012 Use British English from November 2012 Articles needing additional references from April 2014 All articles needing additional references Articles with hCards Commons category link from Wikidata Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers
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Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page In other projects Wikimedia Commons Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Български Čeština Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Français Italiano Latviešu Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Svenska ไทย Edit links This page was last edited on 9 November 2019, at 15:56 (UTC) . Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License ; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy . Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Statistics Cookie statement Mobile view
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Mission San Buenaventura - Wikipedia CentralNotice Mission San Buenaventura From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Mission San Buenaventura An exterior view of the restored chapel at Mission San Buenaventura in July, 2005. Location of Mission San Buenaventura in California Location 211 East Main Street Ventura , CA 93001 Coordinates 34°16′52″N 119°17′53″W / 34.28111°N 119.29806°W / 34.28111; -119.29806 Coordinates : 34°16′52″N 119°17′53″W / 34.28111°N 119.29806°W / 34.28111; -119.29806 Name as founded La Misión San Buenaventura [1] English translation The Mission of Saint Bonaventure Patron Saint Bonaventure [2] Nickname(s) "Mission by the Sea" [ citation needed ] Founding date March 31, 1782 [3] Founding priest(s) Junípero Serra [4] Founding Order Ninth [2] Military district Second [5] Native tribe(s) Spanish name(s) Chumash Ventureño Native place name(s) Mitsqanaqa'n [6] Baptisms 3,875 [7] Marriages 1,097 [7] Burials 3,150 [8] Secularized 1836 [2] Returned to the Church 1862 [2] Governing body Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles Current use Parish church / museum U.S. National Register of Historic Places Official name: Mission San Buenaventura and Mission Compound Site Designated 1975 Reference no. #75000496 California Historical Landmark Reference no. #310 Website http://www.sanbuenaventuramission.org Mission San Buenaventura is a Spanish mission founded by the Franciscans in present-day Ventura , California . Founded on March 31, 1782, it was the ninth Spanish mission established in Alta California (Or Nueva California) and the last to be established by Father Junípero Serra . The mission was named after Saint Bonaventure , a 13th century Franciscan saint and Doctor of the Church . The mission is located in the historic downtown of Ventura.
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Mission San Buenaventura was planned to be founded in 1770, but the founding was delayed because of the low availability of the military escorts needed to establish the mission. In 1793, the first church burned down. Today, only a small section of the entire mission complex still stands; the cemetery to the left of the church is covered by a school. It took the neophytes 16 years to build the new church, which still functions as a parish church of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles . Contents 1 History 2 Other historic designations 3 Mission industries 4 Mission bells 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References 9 External links History [ edit ] This section does not cite any sources . Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . Find sources: "Mission San Buenaventura" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( April 2015 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The founding of the San Buenaventura Mission traces to the decision on Palm Sunday, March 30, 1749 by the Franciscan priest Junipero Serra to journey to the New World as a missionary to the native peoples. Thirty-three years and one day later he raised the Cross at "la playa de la canal de Santa Barbara" (the beach of the Santa Barbara Channel) on Easter morning, March 31, 1782. Assisted by Pedro Benito Cambon, he celebrated a High Mass, preached on the Resurrection, and dedicated a mission to San Buenaventura (St. Bonaventure). It had been planned as the third in the chain [ citation needed ] of twenty-one missions founded by Serra but was destined to be the ninth and last founded during his lifetime, and one of six he personally dedicated.
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Under the direction of Cambon, whom Serra left in charge of the new mission, a system of aqueducts were built by the Chumash between 1805–1815 to meet the needs of the Mission population and consisted of both ditches and elevated stone masonry . The watercourse ran from a point on the Ventura River about ½ mile north of the remaining ruins and carried the water to holding tanks behind the mission, a total of about 7 miles (11 km). With plentiful water the mission was able to maintain flourishing orchards and gardens, which were described by English navigator George Vancouver as the finest he had seen. The water distribution system was damaged by floods and abandoned in 1862. The mission's first church building was destroyed by fire. The construction of a second church was abandoned because "the door gave way." In 1792 work was in progress on the present church and the small utility buildings which (with the church) formed a quadrangle enclosing a plaza. Although half finished in 1795, the church was not completed until 1809. Dedication was held September 9 of that year and the first liturgical services took place September 10. At about that time the San Miguel Chapel (present corner of Thompson Boulevard and Palm Street) and the Santa Gertrudis Chapel (Highway 33 near Foster Park) were completed.
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A series of earthquakes and an accompanying seismic sea wave in 1812 forced the priests and Indian neophytes to seek temporary shelter a few miles inland. Six years later the priests and their flock had to remove sacred objects from the church and flee into the hills to elude a pirate who was pillaging the missions but fortunately was headed off after a "bargaining session" at El Refugio in Santa Barbara. The Mexican government in 1834 issued a secularization decree divesting the priests of administrative control over the missions. In 1845 Mission San Buenaventura was rented to Don Jose Arnaz and Narciso Botello and was later illegally sold to Arnaz. The mission did not fully escape the impact that the Mexican–American War of 1846–1847 had on California. On January 5, 1847, while on its way from Santa Barbara to Los Angeles , the 428 men-strong California Battalion , under the command of U.S. Army Major John C. Fremont , managed to disperse an armed force of up to 70 enemy Californios near the mission. After California became a state of the Union, Bishop Joseph Sadoc Alemany petitioned the United States Government to return that part of the mission holdings comprising the church, clergy residence, cemetery, orchard, and vineyard to the Catholic Church. The request was granted in the form of a proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln on May 23, 1862.
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Because of severe damage in the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake , the Mission's tile roof was replaced by a shingle roof. In 1893, Cyprian Rubio "modernized" the interior of the church, painting over the original artwork; when he finished, little of the old church was untouched. The windows were lengthened, the beamed ceiling and tile floor were covered, and the remnants of the quadrangle were razed. The west sacristy was removed to provide room for a school, which was not actually built until 1921. During the pastorate of Patrick Grogan the roof of the church was once again tiled, the convent and present rectory were built, and a new fountain was placed in the garden. The education of children at Mission San Buenaventura has flourished intermittently since 1829 (during Mexican rule) and continuously since 1922. Originally a four-classroom structure, Holy Cross School served its students and the parish admirably since its 1922 dedication. In 1925 it was expanded to accommodate growth and in 1949 a subsequent renovation brought it out to Main Street (El Camino Real) with no space left for further expansion. In a major restoration under the supervision of Aubrey J. O'Reilly in 1956–1957 the windows were reconstructed to their original size, and the ceiling and floor were uncovered. A long-time parishioner commissioned the casting of a bell with an automatic angelus device and donated it to the mission; it hangs in the bell tower above the four ancient hand-operated bells.
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The second half of the twentieth century brought more growth, as well as wear-and-tear and obsolescence, and the school's problems far exceed spatial deficiency. In response to this situation, the San Buenaventura Mission parish, under the leadership of Monsignor Patrick J. O'Brien, formed a Planning and Development Committee comprising parishioners, faculty, parish staff, and parents, and in June 1994 hired the downtown firm of Mainstreet Architects and Planners to prepare a conceptual master site plan for the mission properties, incorporating the design of a new school and an adjoining multi-purpose building which would serve both school and parish. This plan also necessitated the deconstruction of the convent and the two remaining Holy Cross Sisters moved into the larger St. Catherine by the Sea convent, a short distance from the Mission. The entire roof of the church was removed and replaced in 1976. In December of that year the church was solemnly consecrated by Timothy Cardinal Manning. In 1982 the Mission marked its bicentennial. A new three-story school building, with pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, and grades 1–8, located at the base of the hill behind the Mission, was dedicated in January 2001. The school also houses the Serra Chapel for Eucharistic Adoration, adult classrooms, a parish/school kitchen, and a large assembly hall used as a school auditorium and for large parish gatherings and one Sunday Mass. The assembly room was named after Monsignor Patrick O'Brien, who was the pastor of the church for 25 years until his sudden death in 2005. The mission celebrated its 225th anniversary with a year-long series of events and activities during 2006–07.
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Today all that remains of the original mission is the church and its garden. A small museum sits at the mission with displays of Chumash Indian artifacts and mission-era items. Located in the historic downtown of Ventura, very few California missions had the center of business and commerce remain at the location where the mission was established like Mission San Buenaventura. The Church remains an active Catholic parish, serving approximately 2,000 families, and services are still held in the parish church. The current pastor is Tom Elewaut, who has served since 2011. Other historic designations [ edit ] National Register of Historic Places #NPS–75000497 – Mission San Buenaventura Aqueduct California Historical Landmark #113 – Site of "Junípero Serra's Cross" (the first cross on the hill known as La Loma de la Cruz, or the "Hill of the Cross") can be found in Grant Park, and was erected by Junípero Serra upon the Mission's founding California Historical Landmark #114 – Old Mission Reservoir , part of the water system for Mission San Buenaventura (the settling tank or receiving reservoir; the site can be found in Eastwood Park) California Historical Landmark #114–1 – Mission San Buenaventura Aqueduct (at Canada Larga Road) consists of two surviving sections of viaduct about 100 feet (30 m) long, made of cobblestone and mortar Mission industries [ edit ]
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Mission San Buenaventura circa 1900. Note the thickness of the chapel side wall and the massive buttresses supporting it. Some animals at San Buenaventura were cattle , horses , sheep , donkeys and goats . The cattle were very important because they provided food, oil and hides. In the year of 1818, 35,274 cattle wandered over the mission lands. A little time after January 7, 1831, the animal population decreased to a low of 4,000 cattle, 3,000 sheep, 300 horses and 60 mules. In July 1839, Inspector-General E.P. Hartnell found 2,208 cattle, 1,670 sheep, 799 horses, 35 mules and 65 goats. The soil around Mission San Buenaventura was very good so the mission could grow many crops. San Buenaventura grew apples , grapes , bananas , pears , plums , pomegranates , figs , oranges , coconuts , beans , grain , corn and barley . In the year of 1818, 12,483 bushels of grain were harvested. Shortly after January 7, 1831, harvests had been reduced to 1,750 bushels of wheat, 2,000 bushels of barley, 500 bushels of corn, and 400 bushels of beans. In July 1839, Inspector-General William E.P. Hartnell found 322 fanegas of wheat, 182 fanegas of corn and 35 fanegas of peas. Mission bells [ edit ] Bells were vitally important to daily life at Mission San Buenaventura, which had five bells. The bells were borrowed from Mission Santa Barbara because there were no bells at the time. They were never returned. The bell facing north is labeled S. San Francisco 1781 . The bell facing east has the inscription: San Pedro Alcantra 1781 . A small swinging bell hangs in the southern arch with the lettering: Ave Maria S. Joseph . The only bell used daily at San Buenaventura is large and crown topped with a cross on its side. Inscribed on the bell is Ave Maria Pruysyma D Sapoyan Ano D 1825 , which means "Hail Mary Most Pure. Mary of Zapopan Year of 1825." This bell was originally cast for the church of Zapopan but was later sent to Mission San Buenaventura. Another bell, which was once the gift of the Spanish Viceroy, is inscribed Marquez de Croix Mexico November 12, 1770 . It is currently owned by Senora Isabel del Valle Cram. There are also two wooden bells in the museum that measure about two feet. These were the only wooden bells in the California missions.
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Gallery [ edit ] Mission courtyard Olive oil press Marian shrine Wooden bell in the museum Bell marking the El Camino Real Wooden cross, overlooking Pacific See also [ edit ] Spanish missions in California San Buenaventura Mission Aqueduct – carried the water about 7 miles (11 km) to serve the mission compound. San Miguel Chapel Site – location of the first outpost and center of operations while the first Mission was being constructed nearby. USNS Mission Buenaventura (AO-111) – the lead ship in a Class of fleet oilers built during World War II . City of Ventura Historic Landmarks and Districts Notes [ edit ] ^ Leffingwell, p. 55 ^ a b c d Krell, p. 177 ^ Yenne, p. 88 ^ Ruscin, p. 196 ^ Forbes, p. 202 ^ Ruscin, p. 195 ^ a b Krell, p. 315: as of July 26, 1997; information adapted from Engelhardt's Missions and Missionaries of California . ^ Krell, p. 315: as of December 31, 1832; information adapted from Engelhardt's Missions and Missionaries of California . References [ edit ] Forbes, Alexander (1839). California: A History of Upper and Lower California . Smith, Elder and Co., Cornhill, London. Jones, Terry L. and Kathryn A. Klar (eds.) (2007). California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity . Altimira Press, Landham, MD. ISBN 0-7591-0872-2 . CS1 maint: extra text: authors list ( link )
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Krell, Dorothy (ed.) (1979). The California Missions: A Pictorial History . Sunset Publishing Corporation, Menlo Park, CA. ISBN 0-376-05172-8 . CS1 maint: extra text: authors list ( link ) Leffingwell, Randy (2005). California Missions and Presidios: The History & Beauty of the Spanish Missions . Voyageur Press, Inc., Stillwater, MN. ISBN 0-89658-492-5 . Paddison, Joshua (ed.) (1999). A World Transformed: Firsthand Accounts of California Before the Gold Rush . Heyday Books, Berkeley, CA. ISBN 1-890771-13-9 . CS1 maint: extra text: authors list ( link ) Ruscin, Terry (1999). Mission Memoirs . Sunbelt Publications, San Diego, CA. ISBN 0-932653-30-8 . Yenne, Bill (2004). The Missions of California . Thunder Bay Press, San Diego, CA. ISBN 1-59223-319-8 . External links [ edit ] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mission San Buenaventura . Official website Early photographs, sketches, land surveys of Mission San Buenaventura , via Calisphere, California Digital Library Early History of the California Coast, a National Park Service Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary Listing, photographs, and drawing at the Historic American Buildings Survey Howser, Huell (December 8, 2000). "California Missions (102)" . California Missions . Chapman University Huell Howser Archive. City of Ventura. Detail Sheet #10 accessed from link on City Map with Historic Landmarks v t e Ventura, California Schools Ventura Unified School District Buena High School El Camino High School
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Foothill Technology High School Pacific High School Ventura High School St. Bonaventure High School Ventura County Christian School Colleges and universities Ventura College Santa Barbara Business College Southern California Institute of Law Ventura College of Law Libraries Ventura County Library Landmarks Dudley House Elizabeth Bard Memorial Hospital Emma Wood State Beach Emmanuel Franz House Feraud General Merchandise Store First Baptist Church of Ventura Mission San Buenaventura Olivas Adobe Pierpont Inn Rincon Sea Level Road San Buenaventura Mission Aqueduct San Buenaventura State Beach San Miguel Chapel Site Seaside Park (Fairgrounds) Thomas Gould Jr. House Ventura County Courthouse (City Hall) Ventura Theatre Transportation East Ventura station Gold Coast Transit VCTC Intercity Ventura Harbor Ventura station El Camino Real Healthcare Community Memorial Hospital Ventura County Medical Center This list is incomplete. v t e Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles v t e Bishops of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles Bishop of Two Californias Francisco García Diego y Moreno Bishop of Monterey Joseph Sadoc Alemany Bishops of Monterey-Los Angeles Thaddeus Amat y Brusi Francisco Mora y Borrell George Thomas Montgomery Thomas James Conaty John Joseph Cantwell Bishop of Los Angeles-San Diego John Joseph Cantwell Archbishops of Los Angeles John Joseph Cantwell James Francis Cardinal McIntyre Timothy Cardinal Manning Roger Cardinal Mahony José Horacio Gómez Auxiliary bishops, current Alejandro Dumbrigue Aclan Robert Barron Edward W. Clark
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American Martyrs Catholic Church, Manhattan Beach SS. Peter and Paul's Church, Wilmington Deanery 20 (Long Beach): Santa Barbara Pastoral Region Deanery 1 (Lompoc, Solvang, Santa Maria) La Purisima Mission, Lompoc Mission Santa Inés, Solvang Deanery 2 (Santa Barbara) Santa Barbara Mission, Santa Barbara Our Lady of Sorrows Church, Santa Barbara Deanery 3 (Oxnard, Ventura, Ojai, Fillmore, Santa Paula) Mission San Buenaventura, Ventura Deanery 4 (Simi Valley, Westlake Village, Thousand Oaks, Moorpark, Camarillo): Blessed Junipero Serra Catholic Church, Camarillo v t e Education in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles Archdiocese Seminaries St. John's Seminary Our Lady of the Angels Pastoral Region Universities and Colleges Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles Mount St. Mary's College, Los Angeles High schools Bishop Conaty-Our Lady of Loretto High School, Harvard Heights Cathedral High School, Los Angeles (Boys) Immaculate Heart High School, Los Feliz (Girls) Loyola High School, Harvard Heights (Boys) Marymount High School, Bel Air (Girls) Notre Dame Academy, Los Angeles (Girls) St. Bernard High School, Playa del Rey St. Mary's Academy, Inglewood (Girls) St. Monica Catholic High School, Santa Monica Verbum Dei High School, Watts (Boys) High schools, closed Daniel Murphy High School, Los Angeles San Fernando Pastoral Region Universities and Colleges: High schools Bellarmine-Jefferson High School, Burbank Bishop Alemany High School, Mission Hills Chaminade High School, West Hills Crespi Carmelite High School, Encino Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy, La Cañada Flintridge
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Holy Family High School, Glendale Louisville High School, Woodland Hills Notre Dame High School, Sherman Oaks Paraclete High School, Lancaster Providence High School, Burbank St. Francis High School, La Cañada Flintridge St. Genevieve High School, Panorama City San Gabriel Pastoral Region Universities and Colleges: High schools Ramona Convent Secondary School, Alhambra St. Lucy's Priory High School, Glendora Bishop Amat Memorial High School, La Puente Damien High School, La Verne Salesian High School, Los Angeles Cantwell-Sacred Heart of Mary High School, Montebello La Salle High School, Pasadena Mayfield Senior School, Pasadena St. Monica Academy, Pasadena Pomona Catholic High School, Pomona San Gabriel Mission High School, San Gabriel Alverno High School, Sierra Madre San Pedro Pastoral Region Universities and Colleges Marymount College, Palos Verdes High schools St. John Bosco High School, Bellflower Queen of Angels Academy, Compton St. Pius X / St. Matthias Academy, Downey Junipero Serra High School, Gardena St. Joseph High School, Lakewood St. Anthony High School, Long Beach Don Bosco High School, Rosemead Mary Star of the Sea High School, San Pedro St. Paul High School, Santa Fe Springs Bishop Montgomery High School, Torrance Santa Barbara Pastoral Region Universities and Colleges St. John's Seminary, Camarillo Thomas Aquinas College, Santa Paula High schools Bishop Garcia Diego High School, Santa Barbara La Reina High School, Thousand Oaks St. Bonaventure High School, Ventura
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St. Joseph High School, Santa Maria Santa Clara High School, Oxnard Villanova Preparatory School, Ojai v t e Hospitals and cemeteries in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles Our Lady of the Angels Pastoral Region Hospitals Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica Cemeteries Crypt Mausoleum of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, Los Angeles Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City San Fernando Pastoral Region Hospitals Northridge Hospital Medical Center, Northridge Providence Holy Cross Medical Center, Mission Hills Cemeteries San Fernando Mission Cemetery, San Fernando San Gabriel Pastoral Region Hospitals: Cemeteries Calvary Cemetery, East Los Angeles San Pedro Pastoral Region Hospitals: Cemeteries: Santa Barbara Pastoral Region Hospitals: Cemeteries: Catholicism portal Catholicism portal v t e Franciscan missions in California San Diego de Alcalá (1769) San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo (1770) San Antonio de Padua (1771) San Gabriel Arcángel (1771) San Luis Obispo de Tolosa (1772) San Francisco de Asís (1776) San Juan Capistrano (1776) Santa Clara de Asís (1777) San Buenaventura (1782) Santa Barbara (1786) La Purísima Concepción (1787) Santa Cruz (1791) Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (1791) San José (1797) San Juan Bautista (1797) San Miguel Arcángel (1797) San Fernando Rey de España (1797) San Luis Rey de Francia (1798) Santa Inés (1804) San Rafael Arcángel (1817) San Francisco Solano (1823) Asistencias Nuestra Señora Reina de los Angeles (1784) San Pedro y San Pablo (1786)
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Santa Margarita de Cortona (1787) Santa Gertrudis Asistencia San Antonio de Pala (1816) Santa Ysabel (1818) Estancias San Francisco Xavier (Castaic) (1804) San Bernardino de Sena (1819) Santa Ana (1820) Las Flores (1823) Military districts First, San Diego (1769) Second, Santa Barbara (1782) Third, Monterey (1770) Fourth, San Francisco (1776) Sonoma Barracks (1836) Related Architecture of the California missions Mission Revival architecture California mission clash of cultures El Camino Real List of missions Catholicism portal v t e U.S. National Register of Historic Places Topics Architectural style categories Contributing property Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places Keeper of the Register National Park Service Property types Lists by state Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Lists by insular areas American Samoa Guam Minor Outlying Islands Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Lists by associated state Federated States of Micronesia Marshall Islands Palau Other areas District of Columbia Morocco Related National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 Historic Preservation Fund Portal Category NewPP limit report
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Why Adults Struggle to Pick up New Languages | Live Science [IE]><script>window.isIE = true</script><![endif] Skip to main content contentType : // Live Science Search RSS News Health Planet Earth Strange News Space & Physics Animals History Forums Tech Culture Reference More Trending Climate Change News Vaping Risks & Updates Life's Little Mysteries Archaeology Tardigrades Aliens? Read "How It Works" Magazine Start Trending Subset // End Trending Subset // Live Science is supported by its audience. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Learn more Home News Why Adults Struggle to Pick up New Languages By Kelly Dickerson 2014-07-23T13:44:00Z Shares (Image: © Shutterstock/Creativa) Many adults struggle to learn a second language, but not for lack of effort — the problem may actually be that they're trying too hard, a new study suggests. Scientists have long suspected that adults' superior cognitive function might actually be a drawback in picking up a new language, giving kids the upper hand. In the new study, when adults were told to try to learn the proper sentence structure and grammar of a new language, the participants actually learned less than those who were not told they would have to take a quiz. "The most surprising thing about the study is that trying can actually harm learning outcome," Amy Finn, a postdoctoral researcher at MIT's McGovern Institute for Brain Research, told Live Science. "Superior cognitive function is better for almost everything else." [ 10 Surprising Facts About the Brain ] Trying makes it harder To test how adults learn a second language , Finn and a team of researchers recruited 22 native English speakers and had them listen to 10 minutes of a made-up language. The vocabulary of the fake language consisted of nine two-syllable words, and each word belonged to one of three categories grouped by sound structure. The participants were told to color while they listened, so they would not focus their full attention on the language. The researchers then gave the participants a test to see how much of the language they picked up. Each participant had to choose which of two words or which of two sentences was more likely to belong to the language they just heard. In the second part of the study, 66 native English speakers took the same test. But this time, researchers told one-third of the participants to try to learn the vocabulary; they told another third to make an effort to learn the different categories of words (which was like learning noun classes in a new language); and they told the last third to try to learn the pattern that the categories appeared in (which resembled learning more-complicated grammar rules of a new language). To make sure the participants paid close attention the whole time, unlike the people coloring during the first study, the researchers asked their subjects to press a button every time they thought they recognized some of the vocabulary or grammar patterns. Concentrating and trying to learn helped adults master the basic vocabulary, but actually hindered their ability to learn the grammar , researchers found. The group from the second experiment who were told to put effort into learning got about 20 percent more of the vocabulary words correct than the first group who colored while listening to the language. But the first group did about 20 percent better on the complex grammar test than those in the second experiment. Still, this does not mean aspiring bilinguals should necessarily scale back how much effort they put into learning, researchers said. "I think it would be bad for adults to come away from the study saying, 'Oh, I should stop trying,'" Finn said. "We're still a long way from being able to prescribe a learning regimen." Two memory systems While studies have shown learning a new language is good for the brain and can protect against Alzheimer's , adults often find it more difficult to become proficient in a second language later in life. Children have a much easier time with the grammar because they learn in a different way than adults do, Finn said. Humans have two main memory systems that influence learning: Declarative memory is the basic knowledge of things like facts and vocabulary, while procedural memory is the one people "get for free without trying," Finn said. It's the way people learn habits and skills, like riding a bike. Much of the time, this kind of learning happens unconsciously. Humans use the procedural memory system, which develops early in life, to learn complex things like grammar rules. The declarative memory system that helps humans learn vocabulary takes more time to develop. Children have the procedural system without the distraction of a declarative system, and so they pick up grammar more quickly than adults do. Much more research is needed to understand how adults learn language, Finn said. In a future experiment, she plans to use a magnetic coil that generates an electric current capable of interrupting brainwaves. Such an interruption can briefly take the prefrontal cortex offline. This region of the brain plays a key role in declarative memory, and Finn wants to know if suppressing it can improve adults' ability to learn a second language. Finn also plans to use a more complex artificial language and assign meaning to the made-up words in order to simulate more closely existing languages. Details of the study were published July 21 in the journal PLOS ONE . Follow Kelly Dickerson on Twitter . Follow us @livescience , Facebook & Google+ . Original article on Live Science .
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No tag-links Sign Up for e-mail newsletters Get breaking science news on monster snakes and dinosaurs, aliens, spooky particles and more! No spam, we promise. You can unsubscribe at any time and we'll never share your details without your permission. Most Read Most Shared 1 Extraterrestrial Mineral Never Before Seen on Earth Found Inside a Famous Meteorite 2 A Dark River Nearly 1,000 Miles Long May Be Flowing Beneath Greenland's Ice 3 Dazzling 'Temple of Colored Marbles' Honoring Roman God Discovered in Italy 4 How Big Can Lightning Get? 5 Huge New Storm Creates Hexagon at Jupiter's South Pole 1 Gold and Jewels Found on Minoan Island Devoted to the Color Purple 2 Dazzling 'Temple of Colored Marbles' Honoring Roman God Discovered in Italy 3 The First Evidence of 'Head Cones' Found in 3,300-Year-Old Egyptian Tomb 4 Scientists Found the Deepest Land on Earth Hiding Beneath Antarctica's Ice 5 Thousands of 10-Inch 'Penis Fish' Washed Up on a California Beach SP NOPE Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Visit our corporate site . Terms and conditions Privacy policy Cookies policy Accessibility Statement Topics © Future US, Inc. 11 West 42nd Street, 15th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Google Tag Manager End Google Tag Manager document assets - added by the article itself
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Leonard Cohen - Wikipedia CentralNotice Leonard Cohen From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Canadian poet and singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen CC GOQ Cohen in 1988 Background information Birth name Leonard Norman Cohen Born ( 1934-09-21 ) September 21, 1934 Westmount, Quebec , Canada Died November 7, 2016 (2016-11-07) (aged 82) Los Angeles, California , U.S. Genres Folk soft rock [1] Occupation(s) Singer songwriter poet novelist painter Instruments Vocals guitar keyboards Years active 1956–2016 Labels Columbia Website leonardcohen .com Leonard Norman Cohen CC GOQ (September 21, 1934 – November 7, 2016) was a Canadian singer, songwriter, poet, and novelist. His work explored religion, politics, isolation, depression, sexuality, loss, death and romantic relationships. [2] Cohen was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame , the Canadian Songwriters Hall of Fame , and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . He was invested as a Companion of the Order of Canada , the nation's highest civilian honour. In 2011, Cohen received one of the Prince of Asturias Awards for literature and the ninth Glenn Gould Prize . Cohen pursued a career as a poet and novelist during the 1950s and early 1960s; he did not launch a music career until 1967, at the age of 33. His first album, Songs of Leonard Cohen (1967), was followed by three more albums of folk music : Songs from a Room (1969), Songs of Love and Hate (1971) and New Skin for the Old Ceremony (1974). His 1977 record Death of a Ladies' Man , co-written and produced by Phil Spector , was a move away from Cohen's previous minimalist sound. In 1979, Cohen returned with the more traditional Recent Songs , which blended his acoustic style with jazz, Oriental, and Mediterranean influences. Perhaps Cohen's most famous song, " Hallelujah ", was first released on his studio album Various Positions in 1984. I'm Your Man in 1988 marked Cohen's turn to synthesized productions and remains his most popular album. In 1992, Cohen released its follow-up, The Future , which had dark lyrics and references to political and social unrest.
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Cohen returned to music in 2001 with the release of Ten New Songs , which was a major hit in Canada and Europe. His 11th album, Dear Heather , followed in 2004. Following a successful string of tours between 2008 and 2013, Cohen released three albums in the last five years of his life: Old Ideas (2012), Popular Problems (2014) and You Want It Darker (2016), the last of which was released three weeks before his death. A posthumous album titled Thanks for the Dance was released in November 2019, his fifteenth studio album. Contents 1 Early life 2 Poetry and novels 3 Recording career 3.1 1960s and 1970s 3.2 1980s 3.2.1 "Hallelujah" 3.3 1990s 3.4 2000s 3.4.1 Post-monastery records 3.4.2 Lawsuits and financial troubles 3.4.3 Book of Longing 3.5 2008–10 World Tour 3.5.1 2008 tour 3.5.2 Live in London 3.5.3 2009 tour 3.5.4 Live releases 3.5.5 2010 tour 3.6 2010s 3.6.1 Old Ideas 3.6.2 2012–2013 World Tour 3.6.3 Popular Problems and You Want It Darker 3.6.4 Thanks for the Dance and other posthumous releases 4 Cultural impact and themes 5 Personal life 5.1 Romantic relationships and children 5.2 Religious beliefs and practices 6 Death and tribute 7 Discography 7.1 Studio albums 8 Bibliography 8.1 Poetry 8.1.1 Collections 8.1.2 List of poems 8.2 Novels 9 Filmography 10 Awards and nominations 11 See also
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12 Notes 13 References 14 Further reading 15 External links Early life [ edit ] Leonard Cohen was born into a middle-class Jewish family in the Montreal suburb of Westmount, Quebec , on September 21, 1934. His Lithuanian mother, Marsha Klonitsky ("Masha"; 1905–1978), [3] [4] was the daughter of a Talmudic writer, Rabbi Solomon Klonitsky-Kline, and emigrated to Canada in 1927. [5] [6] His paternal grandfather, whose family had moved from Poland to Canada, was Lyon Cohen , the founding president of the Canadian Jewish Congress . His father, Nathan Bernard Cohen (1891–1944), [7] [8] who owned a substantial clothing store, died when Cohen was nine years old. The family observed Orthodox Judaism , and belonged to Congregation Shaar Hashomayim , to which Cohen retained connections for the rest of his life. [9] On the topic of being a kohen , Cohen told Richard Goldstein in 1967, "I had a very Messianic childhood. I was told I was a descendant of Aaron , the high priest." [10] Cohen attended Roslyn Elementary School and completed grades seven through nine at Herzliah High School , where his literary mentor Irving Layton taught, [11] then transferred in 1948 to Westmount High School , where he studied music and poetry. He became especially interested in the poetry of Federico García Lorca . [12] Cohen involved himself actively beyond Westmount's curriculum, in photography, on the yearbook staff, as a cheerleader, in the arts and current events clubs, and even served in the position of president of the Students' Council while "heavily involved in the school's theater program". During that time, Cohen taught himself to play the acoustic guitar, and formed a country – folk group that he called the Buckskin Boys. After a young Spanish guitar player taught him "a few chords and some flamenco ", Cohen switched to a classical guitar . [12] He has attributed his love of music to his mother, who sang songs around the house: "I know that those changes, those melodies, touched me very much. She would sing with us when I took my guitar to a restaurant with some friends; my mother would come, and we'd often sing all night. [13]
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