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4012694	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%20Wednesday%20%28poem%29	Ash Wednesday (poem)	Ash Wednesday (sometimes Ash-Wednesday) is a long poem written by T. S. Eliot after his 1927 conversion to Anglicanism. Published in 1930, this poem deals with the struggle that ensues when one who has lacked faith in the past strives to move towards God. Sometimes referred to as Eliot's "conversion poem", Ash-Wednesday, with a base of Dante's Purgatorio, is richly but ambiguously allusive and deals with the move from spiritual barrenness to hope for human salvation. The style is different from his poetry which predates his conversion. "Ash-Wednesday" and the poems that followed had a more casual, melodic, and contemplative method. Many critics were "particularly enthusiastic concerning 'Ash-Wednesday, while in other quarters it was not well received. Among many of the more secular literati its groundwork of orthodox Christianity was discomfiting. Edwin Muir maintained that Ash-Wednesday' is one of the most moving poems he [Eliot] has written, and perhaps the most perfect." Analysis The poem’s title comes from the Western Christian fast day marking the beginning of Lent, forty days before Easter. It is a poem about the difficulty of religious belief, and concerned with personal salvation in an age of uncertainty. In Ash Wednesday Eliot’s poetic persona, one who has lacked faith in the past, has somehow found the courage, through spiritual exhaustion, to seek faith. In the first section, Eliot introduces the idea of renunciation with a quote from Cavalcanti, in which the poet expresses his devotion to his lady as death approaches. Dante Gabriel Rossetti translated it under the title Ballata, Written in Exile at Sarzana, and rendered the first line as "Because I do not hope to return". The idea of exile is thus also introduced. Publication information The poem was first published as now known in April, 1930 as a small book limited to 600 numbered and signed copies. Later that month an ordinary run of 2000 copies was published in the UK, and in September another 2000 published in the US. Eliot is known to have collected poems and fragments of poems to produce new works. This is most clearly seen in his poems "The Hollow Men" and "Ash-Wednesday" where he incorporated previously published poems to become sections of a larger work. Three of the five sections comprising "Ash-Wednesday" had already been published earlier as separate poems (years link to corresponding "[year] in poetry" articles): "Perch' Io non Spero" (part I of "Ash-Wednesday") was published in the Spring, 1928 issue of Commerce along with a French translation. "Salutation" (now part II of "Ash-Wednesday") was published in December, 1927 in Saturday Review of Literature. It was also published in January, 1928 in Eliot's own Criterion magazine. "Som de l'escalina" (part III of "Ash-Wednesday") was published in the Autumn, 1929 issue of Commerce along with a French translation. (Publication information from Gallup) Dedication When first published, the poem bore the dedication "To my wife", referring to Eliot's first wife, Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot, with whom he had a strained relationship, and from whom he initiated a legal separation in 1933. The dedication does not appear in subsequent editions. References in other works Vladimir Nabokov parodied Ash Wednesday in his novel Lolita. In chapter 35 of Part Two of Nabokov's book, Humbert's "death sentence" on Quilty parodies the rhythm and use of anaphora in T. S. Eliot's poem. According to David Rampton, "...Quilty's versified death sentence is, in part, a comic version of Ash Wednesday." There was a reference on 'Ash Wednesday' by an eminent author Narendra Luther while interpreting the stanza ...Consequently I rejoice, Having to construct something Upon which to rejoice... wherein he adds that he enjoyed every line, sentence, every page while writing books as they are building blocks for the final edifice. This is thus equated to the lines of T S Eliot, in the book A Bonsai Tree authored by Luther. Two lines from Ash Wednesday are slightly misremembered by the character Clarice Starling in Thomas Harris's book The Silence of the Lambs and the 1991 film adaptation thereof. In the poem, the lines read "Teach us to care and not to care / Teach us to sit still." In the book, Clarice recalls the latter line as "Teach us to be still." It is unclear whether this mistake is a genuine error of Harris's memory and/or research, or intentionally misquoted as a method of indirect characterization: Starling is described as well-read and intelligent, but more oriented toward action than she is toward academia. References External links Full poem written and audio by Eliot (14 mins), On Being (Public Radio) Poetry by T. S. Eliot 1930 poems Faber and Faber books Modernist poems American poems
4012695	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20R.%20Bhardwaj	H. R. Bhardwaj	Hansraj Bhardwaj (16 May 1939 – 8 March 2020) was an Indian politician who was Governor of Karnataka from 2009 to 2014; he also served as Governor of Kerala from 2012 until 2013. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. He holds the record of having the second longest tenure in Law Ministry since independence, after Ashoke Kumar Sen. He was the minister of state for nine years and a cabinet minister for law and justice for five years. At the end of his five-year term in 2014, Governor of Tamil Nadu, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Konijeti Rosaiah replaced Bharadwaj as Governor of Karnataka. On 16 January 2012, he was given the additional charge of Governor of Kerala, which he abandoned on 9 March 2013. Political career Bhardwaj was first elected to the Rajya Sabha in April 1982. He served as Minister of State in the Ministry of Law and Justice from 31 December 1984 to November 1989 and was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha in April 1988. He was then Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Planning and Programme Implementation from 21 June 1991 to 2 July 1992 and Minister of State in the Ministry of Law, Justice and Company Affairs from 3 July 1992 to May 1996. He was again re-elected to the Rajya Sabha in April 1994 and April 2000, and from 22 May 2004 to 28 May 2009 he served as Union Cabinet Minister of Law and Justice. Having previously represented Madhya Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha, Bhardwaj was instead elected to the Rajya Sabha from Haryana on 20 March 2006, without opposition. Political deftness Bhardwaj introduced the concept of rural courts (gram nyayalayas) during the UPA-I government, later to be discontinued by the government due to scarcity of funds. A media shy minister, the old Gandhi family loyalist handled the most sensitive and controversial cases in the Manmohan Singh cabinet between 2004 and 2009. From Bofors to office of profit and the failed attempt to remove Navin Chawla as election commissioner, were all deftly handled by the Congress veteran to the satisfaction of the Prime Minister and party leadership. Controversies Bofors scandal In March 2009, H. R. Bhardwaj was criticized for taking the initiative to de-freeze two bank accounts of Ottavio Quattrocchi, an accused in the Bofors Scam case. In particular, it appears he did not consult the investigating agency CBI which had gotten the accounts frozen. As Governor of Karnataka In July 2010, his comments on the powerful Bellary brothers, ministers in the B.S. Yeddyurappa government, particularly demanding their sacking for their alleged involvement in illegal mining generated a national debate. This was preceded by Bhardwaj rejecting the resignation of Lokayukta, Justice Hegde. Bharadwaj also received much flak from the public and media for his unceremonious, scathing personal attack on Mysore university vice-chancellor V G Talawar when the latter was initiating action against former vice-chancellor J Shashidhar Prasad. Prasad is accused of committing irregularities in the recruitment of around 200 professors and readers during his tenure between 2003 and 2007 which are yet to be proved. On 21 January 2011, Governor Bhardwaj sanctioned the prosecution of Chief Minister of Karnataka (Yeddyurappa) under Prevention of Corruption Act, following several allegations of his involvement in land scams and seizure of trucks carrying illegally mined iron ore. However, on 7 March Karnataka High Court quashed this decision and the Lokayukta Police FIR. The court observed, "The petitioner was condemned unheard and there is flagrant violation of principles of natural justice, fairness in administrative action and statutory provision". On 7 February 2011, Bharadwaj withheld the approval of honorary doctorate by the Bangalore University to noted historian and Kannada writer M. Chidananda Murthy. Chidananda Murthy had backed justice BK Somasekhara Commission's report on church attacks in Karnataka in 2008. Akhila Bharata Kannada Sahitya Sammelana 2011, held in Bangalore, adopted a resolution to "condemn" the Governor's decision. Taking note of this, Bharadwaj agreed to give his approval after recommendations from Bangalore university syndicates. In May 2011, Bhardwaj recommended President's rule in Karnataka after the ruling government lost support in the legislative assembly due to the level of charges brought against it and was forced to prove majority, having a very narrow win. Trivia Speaking at an Editors' Guild seminar, Shekhar Gupta, Editor-in-Chief of The Indian Express, narrated an incident involving Arun Shourie and Bhardwaj. During discussions that followed Rajiv Gandhi's Defamation Bill, Bhardwaj had asked Shourie to be more respectful in speaking since Bharadwaj had practiced law in Shourie's father's court in Rohtak. In response Shourie said "This much law should be known even to a mofussil lawyer like you". References 1939 births 2020 deaths Indian National Congress politicians Members of the Cabinet of India Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh Governors of Karnataka Governors of Kerala Rajya Sabha members from Haryana People from Rohtak district Law Ministers of India Ministers for Corporate Affairs
4012696	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1draig%20McKearney	Pádraig McKearney	Pádraig Oliver McKearney (18 December 1954 – 8 May 1987) was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) paramilitary. He was killed during a British Army ambush at Loughgall, County Armagh in May 1987, aged 32. He had 15 years of service as an IRA Volunteer when he was shot dead at Loughgall, making him one of the most experienced IRA Volunteers ever killed by British forces. Background Pádraig McKearney was raised in Moy, County Tyrone, in a staunchly Irish republican family. Both his grandfathers had fought in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence, his maternal grandfather in south County Roscommon and his paternal grandfather in east County Tyrone. He was educated at local Catholic schools in Collegeland and Moy, and later went to St Patrick's Academy, Dungannon. IRA career He joined the Provisional IRA and was first arrested in 1972 on charges of blowing up the post office in Moy. He spent six weeks on remand, but was released due to insufficient evidence. In December 1973 he was arrested again and later sentenced to seven years for possession of a rifle. He was imprisoned in Long Kesh and later in Magilligan prison. During this time, a younger brother, Seán, also an IRA paramilitary, was killed on 13 May 1974. He was released in 1977 but was sentenced to 14 years in August 1980 after being caught by the British Army with a loaded sten gun along with another IRA member Gerard O'Callaghan. That same year an older brother, Tommy McKearney, who was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of an off-duty Ulster Defence Regiment soldier who worked as a postman in 1977, nearly died on hunger strike after refusing food for 53 days. Another brother, Kevin, and an uncle, Jack McKearney, were both murdered by Loyalist paramilitaries in revenge attacks upon the family. On 25 September 1983 McKearney took part in the Maze Prison escape along with 37 other prisoners. At the beginning of 1984 he rejoined IRA activity in his native East Tyrone with the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade. He advocated the commencement of the "third phase" of the armed struggle, the 'strategic defensive', in which the Royal Ulster Constabulary, Ulster Defence Regiment and British Army would be denied all support in selected areas following repeated attacks on their bases. In 1985 Patrick Kelly became commander of the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade and it was under his leadership that this strategy was pursued. Remote Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) bases were attacked and destroyed, and building contractors who tried to repair them were targeted and sometimes murdered, as occurred with the attack on the Ballygawley police station in December 1985, which killed two policemen, and The Birches police station in August 1986. Death McKearney was shot dead by the Special Air Service on 8 May 1987 during an IRA attack that he was taking part in upon Loughgall police station, which also claimed the lives of seven other IRA members. His body was buried at his hometown of Moy. Footnotes The "Third Phase" in Provisional IRA thinking represented an escalation of the conflict in Northern Ireland with the eventual aim of using more conventional warfare by taking and holding "liberated zones" along the border. Due to a number of factors, including the loss of experienced activists at Loughgall and the interception of 120 tonnes of Libyan weaponry aboard the Eksund ship, this strategy was never carried out. (See also: Provisional IRA arms importation and Provisional IRA campaign 1969-1997.) See also The Troubles in Loughgall References Sources Ed Moloney, Secret History of the IRA Derek Dunne, Out of the Maze Peter Taylor, Provos The IRA and Sinn Féin External links Padraig McKearney's biography Article on the McKearney family 1954 births 1987 deaths Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland Escapees from British detention Irish republicans People from County Tyrone People killed by security forces during The Troubles (Northern Ireland) People killed in United Kingdom intelligence operations Prisoners accorded Special Category Status Provisional Irish Republican Army members
4012697	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20School%2C%20Bahrain	Indian School, Bahrain	The Indian School () is a CBSE-affiliated community school in Bahrain.Founded by three Indian women as an elementary school for the children of Indian nationals in Bahrain, it is currently one of the largest co-ed schools in the Persian Gulf region. It was founded in 1950. History Bahrain's much-acclaimed Indian School owes its origins to the far-sightedness of the Bhatia community. When families started coming to the Gulf in the ‘fifties, formal education was non-existent and housewives ran an informal “gurukula” system of in-house study. Older children were sent off to India for higher education. It was obvious that the “gurukula” system was of limited use and when a young Indian boy playing in the streets was involved in a road accident, queries were raised by the British Advisor Sir Charles Belgrave about schooling for Indian children. Seizing this opportunity, Shri Lalchand D.I. sought permission for such an establishment, and to the delight of the Indian community, permission was granted almost immediately. To make the vision a reality, two prominent and industrious Indian businessmen were elected – Shri Balubhai B. Desai who was with BAPCO and Shri Karunakaran of Kanoo, brother of Shri Narayanan, Sir Charles Belgrave's secretary. Assistance was provided by the Divine Life Society, a religious body, and several individuals such as Shri Shivlal Hemraj, Shri B. Ratilal, Shri Chaturbhujdas Mulchand, Shri Purushottam Naraini (Narain Maharaj, who had already helped establish the first Arabic school in Muharraq) and the prominent Paris social worker Shri Jamshed Marolia. The school's founder members who served in the initial years were: Shri B.B. Desai, Shri Thawardas Issardas Kikla, Shri Chaturbhujdas Tulsidas Asarpota, Shri Karunakaran, Shri Khubchand Jayramdas Megchiani, Shri Vishwanath and Shri Budhanmal Tirthadas Gajria. The school was inaugurated on Dussehra day in 1950 and started with three lady teachers and 30-35 students. The first teachers included Smt. Shantaben Gopaldas Kikla, Smt. Nirmalaben and Smt. Geeta Tikamdas Gajria. Despite modest salary scales (Rs. 150/- for the Principal and Rs. 75/- for the teachers), the fledgeling school needed support and this was given by businessmen such as Shri Lala Gajria and Shri Mathardas Rupchand Bhatia. This help continued and the present Senior School in Isa Town owes a lot to the pioneering vision of Shri Lala Gajria and Shri Atma Jashnmal among others who undertook to obtain land and raise funds for the school. Founded in 1950, its creation was initiated by the efforts of the Indian community in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The school's board is largely composed of parents elected for three-year terms. It is one of the oldest Indian schools in Bahrain. The school commenced its journey with a headmistress and three staff members. Today, The Indian School is one of the largest expatriate schools in the Persian Gulf with over 13,000 students and a workforce of over 2077 members. The school is spread over two expansive campuses located at Riffa (LKG/JKG to 3rd) and at Isa Town (4th to 12th). The school has around 13,000 students and is one of the largest co-ed schools in the Persian Gulf region. During the years 2008-2014 which was considered as the golden period for ISB, the school stretched both ways, almost doubling the student and staff strength and building a new campus in Riffa for lower classes and expansion of the existing campus at Isa Town. Before the Riffa campus, lower classes were at the Sitra campus in a rented building. Traffic issues at Sitra forced the school to shift to a much safer location for the students. Notable alumni Mamta Mohandas – actress, film producer and playback singer Vishnupriya – actress, dancer and model Manasy Veetinal – actress See also List of schools in Bahrain References External links International schools in Bahrain Indian international schools in Asia Isa Town Educational institutions established in 1950 1950 establishments in Bahrain
4012709	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomyxa	Proteomyxa	Proteomyxa is a name given by E. Ray Lankester to a group of Sarcodina. This is an obsolete group. Many of the species are endoparasites in living cells, mostly of algae or fungi, but not exclusively. At least two species of Pseudospora have been taken for reproductive stages in the life history of their hosts—whence indeed the generic name. Plasmodiophora brassicae gives rise to the disease known as Hanburies or fingers and toes in Cruciferae; Lymphosporidium causes a virulent epidemic among the American brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Archerina boltoni is remarkable for containing a pair of chlorophyll corpuscles in each cell; no nucleus has been made out, but the chlorophyll bodies divide previous to fission. It is a fresh-water form. The cells of this species form loose aggregates or filoplasmodia, like those of Mikrogromia or Leydenia. References Obsolete eukaryote taxa
4012713	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osburg	Osburg	Osburg () is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, near Trier. The elevation of the built up area lies between 437 and 500 m, and the lowest and highest points of the municipality are 239 and 708 m. External links Homepage Websites in Osburg References Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate Trier-Saarburg
4012722	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvingia%20gabonensis	Irvingia gabonensis	Irvingia gabonensis is a species of African trees in the genus Irvingia, sometimes known by the common names wild mango, African mango, or bush mango. They bear edible mango-like fruits, and are especially valued for their fat- and protein-rich nuts. Distribution and habitat Irvingia gabonensis is indigenous to the humid forest zone from the northern tip of Angola, including Congo, DR Congo, Nigeria, Ivory Coast and south-western Uganda. Since 2009, the Gabonese government has prohibited logging of the andok tree until 2034. Biophysical limits The tree is present in the tropical wet and dry climate zone. African bush mango grows naturally in canopied jungle, gallery forests and semi-deciduous forests. It grows at altitudes from with annual rainfalls from . Supported temperature ranges from . Soils more than deep are needed, with a moderate fertility and good drainage. pH can range from 4.5 to 7.5. Description Irvingia gabonensis grows straight, up to a height of and in diameter. It has buttresses to a height of 3m (10 ft). The outer bark is smooth to scaly with grey to yellow-grey color. The crown is evergreen, spherical and dense. Leaves are elliptic, one margin is often a little rounder than the other, acuminate, dark green and glossy on the upper surface. Flowers are yellow to greenish-white in small panicles. The flowers are bisexual. The fruit is nearly spherical, green when ripe with a bright orange pulp. The stone is woody and contains one seed. Seeds germinate epigeally (above ground). Ecology Irvingia gabonensis is insect-pollinated by Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. It flowers from March to June and has two fruiting seasons: from April to July and from September to October. Seeds are dispersed by vertebrates, including elephants and gorillas. With a reduction in the number of those animals, the spread and regeneration of African bush mango decreases and it becomes more dependent on human planting. Cultivation In the past, 90% of African bush mango products were harvested from scattered, wild trees. African bush mango trees were not cultivated initially, because it was believed, that it took up to 15 years for a tree to bear fruit. Although they were not artificially planted, their occurrence was high because they were also rarely harvested for timber. In a plantation using marcots (air-layering plants), flower production was observed within two to four years after planting. Germination from seeds is low and when they are not handled appropriately, most fail. The seeds are mostly extracted by breaking fruits by hand. Breeding The domestication of African bush mango is in its early stages. Around 1990, vegetative propagation allowed mass replication and selection. Grafting, budding, air-layering, marcotting and cuttings are feasible when they are applied to young wood. Uses The fruits are often eaten fresh by humans and other mammals such as monkeys, gorillas, elephants and many more. As it is naturally and predominantly found in parts of Africa, it has been popularly called African mango. The fruits are processed into jelly, jam, juice and sometimes even wine. The pulp has also been used to prepare black dye for cloth coloration. The seed coat has to be cracked open to get to the endosperm. Seeds, also called dika nuts, are eaten raw or roasted. Mostly however they are pounded to butter- or a chocolate-like block. Seeds can be pressed to produce an edible oil (solid at ambient temperatures) or margarine used for cooking. The oil can also be processed further to soap or cosmetics. The press cake can be used as cattle feed or as thickening agent for soup. Seeds can be ground or crushed and used as a thickening and flavoring agent in soups and stews. They can also be made into a cake called "dika bread" for preservation. The nuts are often used in the Gabonese cuisine to season poultry and meat dishes, such as the poulet à l'odika. The ground nuts provide a smoked scent to the meals. The wood is hard and therefore used for heavy construction work as making ships' decks or railway ties. Dead branches are used as firewood. The trees are used in agroforestry systems to shade other crops, especially cocoa and coffee. They are also used to reduce erosion. Cities have started using them to shade streets, as shelter belts, or for beautification. Thousands of tons of African bush mango seeds are traded each year, mostly within Africa. Nutrition The edible seeds provide 697 calories in a 100 gram portion and the following nutrients: The approximate fatty acid composition in seeds includes myristic acid (33–70%), lauric acid (20–59%), oleic acid (1–11%), palmitic acid (2%) and stearic acid (1%). Unlike the pulp of some other Irvingia spp., the pulp of Irvingia gabonensis tastes juicy and sweet and is eaten fresh. A 100 gram portion of fruit pulp provides 61 calories and includes: Fruit pulp flavor components include zingiberene, cinnamic acid, dodecanal and dodecanol, resulting in spicy, earthy, fruity, and wine-yeast characteristics. Weight control Food supplements from Irvingia gabonensis, under the name "African mango" are marketed for management of body weight. Clinical trials to date have not confirmed their efficacy, although a meta-analysis concluded that Irvingia gabonensis showed "some potential benefit for weight loss", stating that "it appears to be safe and well tolerated as the most common adverse effects are headache, flatulence, and difficulty sleeping" but that "due to the limited data, Irvingia gabonensis cannot be recommended at this time." References External links Irvingiaceae Fruits originating in Africa Edible nuts and seeds Edible thickening agents Nigerian cuisine Trees of Africa Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
4012731	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Jews%20in%20Cincinnati	History of the Jews in Cincinnati	The history of the Jews in Cincinnati occupies a prominent place in the development of Jewish secular and religious life in the United States. Cincinnati is not only the oldest Jewish community west of the Allegheny Mountains but has also been an institutional center of American Reform Judaism for more than a century. The Israelite, the oldest American Jewish newspaper still (2019) being published, began publication in Cincinnati in 1854. 19th century Arrival of British Jews The first known Jew to settle in Cincinnati was Joseph Jonas, an English emigrant who arrived in the city via Philadelphia in 1817. Jonas, a young man, decided to leave his home in Exeter, England, with the avowed intention of settling in Cincinnati. Friends in Philadelphia originally endeavored to dissuade him from going to a place so isolated from all association with his coreligionists. However, Jonas reassured them that he would succeed. For the first two years, he was the only Jew in the Midwestern town. In 1819, Jonas was joined by three others, Lewis Cohen of London, Barnet Levi of Liverpool, and Jonas Levy of Exeter. On the High Holidays in the autumn of 1819, these four men, together with David Israel Johnson of Brookville, Indiana (a frontier trading-station), conducted the first Jewish service west of the Appalachians. Similar services were held for the next three years. Newcomers continued to arrive, the early settlers being mostly Jews from England. The first Jewish child born in Cincinnati, Frederick A. Johnson (June 2, 1821), was the son of the above-mentioned David Israel Johnson and his wife, Eliza. This couple, also English, had removed to Cincinnati from Brookville, where they had first settled. The first couple to be married were Morris Symonds and Rebekah Hyams, whose wedding was celebrated on September 15, 1824. The first death in the community was that of Benjamin Leib (or Lape) in 1821. This man, who had not been known as a Jew, when he felt death to be approaching, asked that three of the Jewish residents of the town be called. He disclosed to them that he was a Jew. He had taken a Gentile spouse who was Noachide, and had reared his children as Noahides, but he begged to be buried as a Jew. There was no Jewish burial-ground in the town. The few Jews living in the city at once proceeded to acquire a small plot of ground to be used as a cemetery and buried him there. This plot, which was afterward enlarged and is known as the Old Jewish Cemetery, was used as the cemetery of the Jewish community until the year 1849, after the cholera epidemic. At present this cemetery (oldest west of the Alleghenies) is situated in the heart of the city, on Chestnut Street near Central Avenue, in the Old West End. Birth of Jewish institutions There were not enough settlers to form a congregation until the year 1824, when the number of Jewish inhabitants of the town had reached about twenty. On January 4 of that year a preliminary meeting was held to consider the advisability of organizing a congregation. Two weeks later, on January 18, the Congregation Bene Israel was formally organized; those in attendance were Solomon Buckingham, David I. Johnson, Joseph Jonas, Samuel Jonas, Jonas Levy, Morris Moses, Phineas Moses, Simeon Moses, Solomon Moses, and Morris Symonds. On January 8, 1830, the Ohio General Assembly granted the congregation a charter whereby it was incorporated under the laws of the state. For twelve years, the congregation worshiped in a room rented for the purpose, but during all this time the small congregation was seeking to secure a permanent home. Appeals were made to Jewish congregations in various parts of the country. Philadelphia, Charleston, and New Orleans lent their assistance. Contributions were even received from Portsmouth, England, from where a number of Cincinnatians had emigrated, and from Barbados in the West Indies. On June 11, 1835, the cornerstone of the first synagogue was laid, and on September 9, 1836, the synagogue was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. The members of the congregation had conducted the services up to this time. The first official reader was Joseph Samuels. He served a very short time, and was succeeded by Henry Harris, who was followed in 1838 by Hart Judah. The first benevolent association in Cincinnati was organized in 1838 with Phineas Moses as president: its object was to assist needy coreligionists. The first religious school was established in 1842, Mrs. Louisa Symonds becoming its first superintendent. This school was short-lived. In 1845, a Talmud Torah school was established, which gave way the following year to the Hebrew Institute, established by James K. Gutheim. This also flourished but a short time; when Gutheim departed for New Orleans, the institute closed. During the 1830s, quite a number of German Jews arrived in the city. On September 19, 1841, the B'nai Yeshurun congregation was organized by the Germans, and was incorporated under the laws of the state February 28, 1842. The first reader was Simon Bamberger. In 1847, James K. Gutheim was elected lecturer and reader of the congregation. He served till 1848, and was succeeded by H. A. Henry and A. Rosenfeld. Rabbi Isaac Wise In April 1854, Isaac Mayer Wise became the first rabbi of the B'ne Yeshurun congregation. In that same year, Wise's brother-in-law, Edward Bloch, followed him to Cincinnati, collaborating on the production side of The Israelite and eventually founding what at the time was the largest Jewish publisher in the country, Bloch Publishing Company. The efforts of these men, aided by Max Lilienthal, who was hired by B'ne Israel the following year, and Jacob Ezekiel, who moved to Cincinnati in 1868 to assist Wise with his college project, made Cincinnati the intellectual capital of American Judaism. The first association of American synagogues, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, was born in Cincinnati in 1873. The first Jewish institute of higher education, the Hebrew Union College, opened in 1875, followed by the Hebrew Sabbath-School Union in 1886 and the Central Conference of American Rabbis in 1889. Manischevitz, the first to automate matzoh baking, opened in 1888. The Israelite began publication in 1854. After The Occident gave up in 1861 trying to replace the weekly Asmonean (ceased in 1858) and returned to its monthly format, until 1875, when The Jewish Week appeared, The Israelite was the only Jewish weekly in the country. Like the Forverts later, it published fiction and essays as well as news. Its only intellectual competitor, the monthly Occident, ceased in 1869. With its supplement in German, Die Deborah, The Israelite was the only bilingual Jewish publication in the United States. The importance of Cincinnati for American Judaism at the time is somewhat obscured by subsequent developments. What happened in Cincinnati is thought of now as the birth of Reform Judaism in America, but at the time it was not so viewed. This was American Judaism, full stop. These were the only Jewish institutions. Wise was creating a Union of American Hebrew Congregations, not the Union for Reform Judaism it later became. The first project of this "union" was the creation of the Hebrew Union College. It was no secret that there were more reform-minded rabbis and other more conservative rabbis, but they were all rabbis. American Judaism was not yet split into subgroupings (Reform, Conservative, etc.), nor was there a feeling that eventually it would be. To the contrary, Rabbi Wise wanted and worked for unity. The deaths of Joseph Ezekiel in 1899 and Rabbi Wise in 1900 mark the end of the period. Bloch Publishing moved to New York City in 1901. In 1951, the UAHC (now called the Union for Reform Judaism) moved its headquarters to the demographic center of American Jewry in New York City. Under pressure from the great wave of Jewish immigrants from eastern Europe, where Jewish reform was almost unknown, Reform Judaism became much less audacious than it had been in Cincinnati in the 2nd half of the 19th century, when it was still reform and not Reform Judaism. And Jewish unity was gone, apparently for good. The Plum Street Temple In 1866, the congregation built the architecturally notable Plum Street Temple, as the Isaac M. Wise Temple. Dr. Lilienthal died in office April 5, 1882. He was succeeded as rabbi of the Congregation B'ne Israel by Raphael Benjamin, who served till November 1888, when David Philipson, took charge of the congregation. Dr. Wise served as rabbi of the B'ne Yeshurun congregation till the day of his death, March 26, 1900, being succeeded by his associate, Louis Grossman. Dr. Grossman had been preceded as associate rabbi by Rabbi Charles S. Levi, who served from September 1889 to September 1898. Educational work The other congregations of the city, which continued to adhere to Orthodoxy, were the Adath Israel, organized in 1847; the Ahabath Achim, organized in 1848; and the Sherith Israel, organized in 1855. There were also a number of smaller congregations. Each of these congregations conducted its own religious school, and there were also two free religious schools; one holding its sessions in the schoolrooms of the Mound Street Temple (B'ne Israel), and the other, conducted under the auspices of the local branch of the Council of Jewish Women, meeting at the Jewish Settlement. One of these congregations enjoys the distinction of having petitioned overseas halakhic authority Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin regarding the appropriate manner in which to inaugurate a Torah scroll in the synagogue. [R. Berlin's response is published in his She'elot Uteshuvot Meshiv Davar, I, no. 16, and possesses practical halakhic ramifications until today, as explained by Rabbi J. David Bleich in the latter's Contemporary Halakhic Problems V, p. 386.] A large Talmud Torah school was conducted by the Talmud Torah Association on Barr Street. Night classes for various English and industrial branches of study were a feature of the work of the Jewish Settlement. The Jewish Kitchen Garden Association conducted a large school for girls in the building of the United Jewish Charities every Sunday morning, where instruction is given in dressmaking, millinery, housekeeping, cooking, stenography, typewriting, and allied subjects. An industrial school for girls was conducted during the summer months in the vestry-rooms of the Plum street temple (B'ne Yeshurun), and one for boys during the school year in the Ohio Mechanics Institute building. There was a training-school for nurses in connection with the Jewish Hospital. The Jewish charities of Cincinnati were exceptionally well organized. All the relief and educational agencies joined their forces in April 1896, and formed the United Jewish Charities. This body comprised the following federated societies: Hebrew General Relief Association, Jewish Ladies’ Sewing Society, Jewish Foster Home, Jewish Kitchen Garden Association, Boys’ Industrial School, Girls’ Industrial School, and Society for the Relief of Jewish Sick Poor. The United Charities also granted an annual subvention to the Denver Hospital for Consumptives and to the local Jewish Settlement Association. The seat of the National Jewish Charities is also in Cincinnati, where the national organization was called into being in May 1899. Besides the United Jewish Charities, Cincinnati supported the Jewish Hospital and the Home for the Jewish Aged and Infirm, and was one of the largest contributors to the Jewish Orphan Asylum at Cleveland. The Jews of Cincinnati participated actively in civic life and filled many local positions of trust, as well as state, judicial, and governmental offices. Henry Mack, Charles Fleischmann, James Brown (Ohio politician), and Alfred M. Cohen were elected members of the State Senate, and Joseph Jonas, Jacob Wolf, Daniel Wolf, and Harry M. Hoffheimer served in the State House of Representatives. Jacob Shroder was judge of the court of common pleas for a number of years, and Frederick S. Spiegel held the same position as of 1902. Julius Fleischmann was the mayor of the city. Nathaniel Newburgh was appointed appraiser of merchandise by President Cleveland during his first administration, and Bernhard Bettmann was collector of internal revenue since 1897. Lewis S. Rosenstiel, a grandson of Frederick A. Johnson—the first Jew born in the city, was the founder and chairman of Schenley Industries and was the nation's largest distiller for half of the twentieth-century. In 1900, the estimated Jewish population of the city stood around 15,000, in a total population of 325,902. By 2008, the estimated Jewish population of the Cincinnati metropolitan area stood around 27,000. Newspapers The second Jewish newspaper in the United States was the English-language The Israelite, established in Cincinnati in 1854. (The first was the Asmonean.) It was founded by Rabbi Wise and (after its initial issues, which were published by Charles F. Schmidt), it began to be published by Edward Bloch with the issue of July 27, 1855. Rabbi Wise also founded (and Bloch published) the German-language Die Deborah in 1855. The Israelite was renamed The American Israelite in 1874. Rabbi Wise's son Leo Wise took over as its publisher from 1883–1884, and then he did so again, permanently, in 1888. The American Israelite still exists and is the longest-running Jewish newspaper in the United States. Another newspaper, The Sabbath Visitor, established 1874, was discontinued in 1892. The "Every Friday" newspaper was an Anglo-Jewish newspaper of Jewish affairs, founded and published by Mr. Samuel M. Schmidt in the Cincinnati area between 1927 through 1965. It was considered by most to be a newspaper for the Orthodox Jews in Cincinnati and surrounding areas. Businesses The B. Manischewitz Company, LLC was founded by Rabbi Dov Behr Manischewitz, in Cincinnati in 1888. Their original product, the square matzah, revolutionized matzoh making. Previously matzot were hand rolled and trimmed. In the late 1800s Jewish Russian immigrant David Kadetz settled in Cincinnati, and offered his flair for cooking at the renowned St. Nicolas Hotel. A Cincinnati culinary institution, Kadetz' Kosher, opened in 1901 as the first kosher restaurant west of the Alleghenies. 20th century Notable Cincinnati Jews Theda Bara - American silent film and stage actress Michael L. Chyet - linguist Michael Dine - theoretical physicist Nelson Glueck - rabbi and pioneering biblical archaeologist Adolph Ochs - newspaper publisher, former New York Times owner Sarah Jessica Parker - Emmy award-winning American actress Daniel J. Ransohoff - community planner, historian, photographer Jerry Rubin - American social activist, anti-war leader, and counterculture icon Albert Sabin - Medical researcher who developed oral polio vaccine Eliezer Silver - President of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the U.S. and Canada Steven Spielberg - Academy Award-winning film director Jerry Springer - 56th Mayor of Cincinnati (1977–78) Joseph Strauss - Chief structural engineer of the Golden Gate Bridge Lillian D. Wald - nurse, humanitarian, author, founder of Henry Street Settlement Isaac Mayer Wise - Rabbi, editor, author, and founder of Reform Judaism Kevin Youkilis - 3x All-Star, 2x World Series Champion baseball player Notes References Jewish Encyclopedia By : Cyrus Adler & David Philipson External links Hidden Jewish Cincinnati Jewish Federation of Cincinnati David's Voice - The Voice of Cincinnati's Jewish Community The Jewish Community of Cincinnati, The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot Die Deborah is a digitized periodical at the Leo Baeck Institute Jewish Cincinnati
4012739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20I%2C%20Duke%20of%20Swabia	Ernest I, Duke of Swabia	Ernest I (died 31 March or 31 May 1015) was the Duke of Swabia (1012–1015). He was a younger son of Leopold I, the Babenberg Margrave of Austria. His mother was called Richardis of Sualafeldgau. Life and family In 1012 Henry II, King of Germany, gave the Duchy of Swabia to Ernest following the death of its childless ruler Hermann III. In order to further legitimatize his rule as duke, he married Gisela of Swabia, the eldest sister of Hermann. Ernest and Gisela had two sons, Ernest and Hermann, both of whom would eventually become dukes of Swabia themselves. Ernest died in 1015 as a result of a hunting accident and was succeeded by his son Ernest. He was buried in Würzburg. References Sources 10th-century births 1015 deaths Dukes of Swabia Hunting accident deaths Accidental deaths in Germany
4012742	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franksgiving	Franksgiving	In 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved the Thanksgiving holiday one week earlier than normal, believing that doing so would help bolster retail sales during one of the final years of the Great Depression. This led to much upheaval and protest, causing some to deride the holiday as Franksgiving. The term Franksgiving is a portmanteau of Franklin and Thanksgiving and was coined by Atlantic City mayor Charles D. White in 1939. In 1941, Congress compromised by fixing Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November. History In August 1939, Lew Hahn, general manager of the Retail Dry Goods Association, warned Secretary of Commerce Harry Hopkins that the late calendar date of Thanksgiving that year (November 30) could possibly have an adverse effect on retail sales. At the time, it was considered bad form for retailers to display Christmas decorations or have "Christmas" sales before the celebration of Thanksgiving, a phenomenon today referred to as "Christmas creep". In keeping with a custom begun by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, U.S. Presidents had declared a general day of thanksgiving to be observed on the last Thursday in November. By late August of that year, President Roosevelt decided to deviate from this custom and declare November 23, the second-to-last Thursday, as Thanksgiving that year. The plan encountered immediate opposition. Alf Landon, Roosevelt's Republican challenger in the preceding election, called the declaration "another illustration of the confusion which [Roosevelt's] impulsiveness has caused so frequently during his administration. If the change has any merit at all, more time should have been taken working it out... instead of springing it upon an unprepared country with the omnipotence of a Hitler." While not all critics were political opponents of the president, most parts of New England (then a Republican stronghold relative to the rest of the nation) were among the most vocal areas. James Frasier, the chairman of the selectmen of Plymouth, Massachusetts (the location of the first Thanksgiving holiday) "heartily disapproved". The short-notice change in dates affected the holiday plans of millions of Americans. For example, many college football teams routinely ended their seasons with rivalry games on Thanksgiving, and had scheduled them that year for the last day in November; some athletic conferences had rules permitting games only through the Saturday following Thanksgiving. If the date were changed, many of these teams would play their games for empty stadiums or not at all. The change also caused problems for college registrars, schedulers, and calendar makers. A late 1939 Gallup poll indicated that Democrats favored the switch 52% to 48%, while Republicans opposed it 79% to 21%, and that Americans overall opposed the change 62% to 38%. After announcing August 31, 1939, that he would similarly designate November 21, 1940 (the next year), Roosevelt issued on October 31 his official proclamation calling for "a day of general thanksgiving" on November 23. Such declarations amount to using the "moral authority" of the Presidency, and each state government can independently determine when to cancel work for state (and in some cases, municipal) employees. Twenty-three states' governments and the District of Columbia recognized the non-traditional date, twenty-two states preserved the traditional date on November 30, and the remaining three – Colorado, Mississippi, and Texas – gave holidays in both weeks. In 1940, 32 states' governments and the District of Columbia observed the earlier date on November 21, while 16 states chose what some were calling the "Republican" Thanksgiving on the 28th. A 1941 Commerce Department survey found no significant expansion of retail sales due to the change. November of that year once again saw 32 states and the District of Columbia observing the holiday on the 20th, while the remaining 16 states did so on the 27th. Roughly two in seven last Thursdays of November are the fifth Thursday of that month; in 1939, the fourth (but second to last) Thursday had been named in the presidential proclamation, in lieu of that year's fifth (and last) Thursday. The second and third of the then non-traditional Thanksgivings remain outliers. Specifically, the presidential proclamation of November 9, 1940 and November 8, 1941 called for observances on November 21, 1940 and November 20, 1941, respectively, the third (and second to last) Thursdays. Every such holiday in the 20th century until 1939 had fit into the former tradition, and each year from 1942 on employed the traditional fourth-Thursday celebration. That new approach was embodied in a joint resolution of Congress, signed into law by President Roosevelt on November 26, 1941, and designating the fourth Thursday in November of each year as Thanksgiving Day. (Prior to that in the 20th century, the phrase "Thanksgiving Day" had been used in the prose of the presidential proclamation only in Calvin Coolidge's first, among his six.) In November 1942, Roosevelt's proclamation made mention of the joint resolution, and of the date it established as Thanksgiving Day, and called for observation "in prayer" of both it and the New Year's Day to follow. The majority of states immediately changed their laws to coincide with the nationally observed date. The first year following the joint resolution with five Thursdays in November was 1944, and Thanksgiving was observed on the 23rd of the month with the exception of the States of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Nebraska, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. (The nation was in the midst of World War II, and most nationwide celebrations as well as many regional ones were on hiatus at the time. It would not be until after the end of the war, 1945, that the new date of Thanksgiving would fully take root.) Also in 1945, 1950, 1951, and 1956, November had five Thursdays. Texas was the last state to change its law, observing the last-Thursday Thanksgiving for the final time in 1956. In media In a number of popular radio shows of the time, such as those featuring Burns and Allen and Jack Benny, the confusion over when to observe Thanksgiving Day was the source for jokes. In the 1940 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon Holiday Highlights, directed by Tex Avery, the introduction to a segment about Thanksgiving shows the holiday falling on two different dates, one "for Democrats" and one a week later "for Republicans." The competing dates for Thanksgiving are parodied in the 1942 film Holiday Inn. In the film, a November calendar appears on which an animated turkey jumps back and forth between the two weeks, until he gives up and shrugs his shoulders at the audience. In the 1940 Three Stooges short film No Census, No Feeling, Curly makes mention of the Fourth of July being in October. When Moe questions him, Curly replies, "You never can tell. Look what they did to Thanksgiving!" References External links Letters, postcards, and telegrams received by Roosevelt concerning his decision Great Depression in the United States Public holidays in the United States Thanksgiving (United States) Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt Political terminology of the United States
4012746	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20Bhanumathi	P. Bhanumathi	P. Bhanumathi Ramakrishna (7 September 1925 – 24 December 2005) was an Indian actress, director, singer, producer, music director, novelist and lyricist. She is regarded as the first female super star of Telugu cinema. Bhanumathi appeared in over 100 films predominantly in Telugu and Tamil languages. She was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2001 for her contribution to the Indian cinema. She was honored among "women in cinema" at the 30th International Film Festival of India. Early life Bhanumathi was born on 7 September 1925 in Doddavaram village of Prakasam district, near Ongole, Andhra Pradesh. She is the third child to Saraswatamma and Bommaraju Venkata Subbaiah. She grew up watching her father perform in various stage shows. Her father, Venkata Subbayya, was a lover of classical music and trained her in music from an early age. Career Bhanumathi entered the film industry in 1939, and acted in over 100 films in Telugu and Tamil. She was also called as Ashtavadhani by the film industry people as she was a writer, actor, director, producer, singer, music director, editor and studio owner. She also had a good knowledge of astrology and philosophy. She is regarded as the first female super star of Telugu cinema. Film career She made her debut in Telugu cinema in 1939 as Kalindi (a 13 years old girl who is forced to marry an old man and ended her life by committing suicide) in Vara Vikrayam (Telugu), directed by C. Pullayya. She had acted in Malathi Madhavam, Dharma Patni and Bhaktimala. Her first popular film was Krishna Prema. Her next popular film was Swargaseema, a milestone film in her career. In Swargaseema, she played the role of a theater artist with negative shades who is after a married person for her personal benefits. Oho Pavurama song (sung by her) in Swargaseema became a super hit and she was showered with offers. She later acted in many memorable movies like Chakrapani, Laila Majnu, Vipranarayana, Malliswari, Batasari and Anthastulu. Her first film in Tamil was Ratnakumar in the year 1949 along with the famous hero of those day P. U. Chinnappa. This film was directed by Krishnan–Panju. In 1953, she made her directorial debut with Chandirani (made simultaneously in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi). Her last film was made in 1998, entitled Pelli Kanuka. C. N. Annadurai gave her a title "Nadippukku Ilakkanam" () (Grammar for acting) that suits her aptly. She was revered by many actors she had worked with like N. T. Rama Rao, Sivaji Ganesan, M. G. Ramachandran, Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Nagarjuna, Balakrishna, Chiranjeevi, Pawan Kalyan, Venkatesh for her bold and prolific versatility. One of her memorable movies in Tamil was Annai, in the year 1962 directed by Krishnan–Panju, where her acting was appreciated by all and also got the National Award for the film and for also performances in movies Anthasthulu and Palnati Yudham (1964) she received National Awards (Rashtrapati Award). She is the last recipient of Rashtrapati Award. Due to her rift with Aluri Chakrapani, she left her role in Missamma movie (Initially Bhanumathi was shot for some scenes in the movie before being replaced by Savitri ) but after the release of the movie she watched and commented that "she lost a wonderful role but industry gained a talented actress like savitri" which showed her sportiveness and encouragement towards new actors. Due to clash with Aluri Chakrapani, she produced a satirical movie on him titled Chakrapani which was a huge hit and became a classic in Tollywood for this movie she also worked as music director. For the movie Anthasthulu (1964), VB Rajendra Prasad had approached Bhanumathi for the role of Akkineni Nageswara Rao's sister. She liked the subject and agreed to do the film immediately. The crew booked a room in "Ritz-Carlton" in Hyderabad and she did not want to waste money, so she offered to stay at Sarathi Studios, which had an open area and snakes. The next morning she woke up with her nails bitten by rats. The director decided to cancel the shoot, VB Rajendra Prasad rushed to see Bhanumathi applying iodine casually on the nails and asking when she could start work. While continuing with the shooting, she said, "If you cancel shoot for small things how will I be a Bhanumathi (which means 'shining like the sun' in Sanskrit)." India's First Vice-President Sarvepalli RadhaKrishnan was a fan of her work. Telugu cinema Veterans like Jamuna, Savitri and so many actresses cited her as an inspiration for entering into movies. she is widely recalled by her close associates as 'Epitome of Self-Respect and Versatility'. She is the only Female Film Studio owner in our country. She is called as Ashtavadhani by Tamil people. After seeing her performance in Ragoon Radha film C.N.Annadurai honoured her with title "Nadippukku llakkanam". In later years, she continued to act in pivotal roles in many hit movies like Tatamma Kala, Mangammagari Manavadu, Gadasari Atta sogasari Kodallu, Muddula Manavaralu, Bamma Maata bangaru Baata, Peddarikam and Pelli kanuka. In Malliswari, Chakrapani, Chandirani, Vipranarayana she played romantic, fun loving and playful characters. In movies like Tatamma Kala, Batasari, Chintamani, Annai and Mangammagari Manavadu she played different type of roles and received accolades and movies like Swargaseema, Antastulu, Palnati Yuddham and Peddarikam she played strong minded lady character roles with negative shades and done justice to the role proved that she was an accomplished actress who can easily portray both positive and negative roles with equal magnitude. She is first south Indian actress to receive Padma Awards Apart from being a fine actress, she was also a talented musician. She was adept in both Carnatic and Hindustani music. She gave voice to her songs despite it being the norm to use playback singers for actors. Some of her songs are still popular like Manasuna mallela, Pilichina biguvatara,Oh baatasaari, Kila Kila Navvulu, Oh Pavurama, Preme Neramauna, Srikara karunaalavaala, Sharanam nee divya charanam and many more in Telugu; and Azhagaana Ponn Naan, Vaarai Inbam Thaaraai, Nilaa Nilaa Odi Vaa, Thalai Vaari Poochoodi Unnai, Kannile Iruppathenna and Annai Enbadhu Neethaanaa in Tamil. She also provided music to a lot of her films. During her later years, she served on various movie related organizations. She was a Member of State Film Awards Committee for two years. She was also a Visiting Professor at the Film Institute for one year. She was Member of Children Film Society for 5 years, from 1965 to 1970. In India, she was the first and the only woman to have owned a film studio, first actress to act in a dual role and the first woman to have directed a movie simultaneously in three languages. On occasion of World Women's day, Sakshi Sunday magazine listed the most successful women from every industry and she was listed in the one for those from the movie industry. It was also added that the present highly successful heroines could not reach the heights Bhanumathi reached and that it is an impossible task for anyone to reach her level of success. Literary career Bhanumathi was also a talented writer with a number of short stories to her credit. Her autobiography Nalo Nenu was published in Telugu and later, released in English as Musings. Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Academy awarded her as the best short story writer for her popular short stories "Attagari Kathalu". She was a Member of Lalit Kala Academy for 5 years, and Sahitya Academy, Andhra Pradesh for 10 years. She served as Director and Principal of the Tamil Nadu Government Music College, Philanthropy She was an eminent social worker who was closely associated with a number of Social Service Organizations. She was the founder member and treasurer of Madras branch of Altrusa International Inc., Chicago for lifelong starting from 1963. She was a life member of the 'Red Cross Society'. She established an educational institution named as "Dr. Bhanumathi Ramakrishna Matriculation School" at Saligramam, Chennai providing free education to the poor. Personal life During the shooting of the film Krishna Prema (1943), she met P. S. Ramakrishna Rao (19181986), an assistant director for that film. He was a film producer, director and editor of Telugu and Tamil Films. The couple married on 8 August 1943 and have one son, Bharani. Later they launched a popular production company, Bharani Pictures on their son's name. She died at the age of 80 years in Chennai. Awards Civilian honors Padma Bhushan in 2001 Padma Shri in 1966 Rashtrapati Award in acting Annai in 1962 Antastulu in 1965 Palnati Yuddham in 1966 National Film Awards Government National Award for Best Writer for the book "Nalo Nenu" an autobiography in 1994. Filmfare Awards South Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South (1987) Nandi Awards Raghupathi Venkaiah Award, from the Government of Andhra Pradesh, in 1985 Nandi Award for Best Director in 1986 NTR National Award, from the Government of Andhra Pradesh, in 2000 Tamil Nadu State Film Awards Tamil Nadu State Film Honorary Award – "Arignar Anna Award" in 1992 State Awards Kalaimamani (connoisseur of arts), Government of Tamil Nadu, in 1983 Other honors Kalaprapoorna, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, in 1975 Honorary Doctorate, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, in 1984 Raja-Lakshmi Award for the year 1998 from Sri Raja-Lakshmi Foundation, Chennai C.N.Annadurai honoured her with a title "Nadippukku Ilakkanam" for her remarkable performance in "Rangoon Radha" She was one of the dignitaries been honored by Andhra Pradesh government at the time of state formation in 1956. Filmography This is partial list of her films. {\| class="wikitable sortable" \|- ! Year !! Film !! Language !! Role !! Co-Star !! Song !! Composer !! Banner \|- \| 1939 \|\| Vara Vikrayam \|\| Telugu \|\| Kalindi \|\| Chittor V. Nagaiah \|\| \|\| Prabhala Satyanarayana \|\| East India Film Company \|- \| 1939 \|\| Santhana Devan \|\| Tamil \|\| \|\| G. M. Basheer \|\| * Maarudhale Yaavum* Dayaa Nithiye \|\| G. Rajagopal Naidu \|\| Modern Theatres \|- \| 1940 \|\| Malathi Madhavam \|\| Telugu \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| East India Film Company \|- \| 1941 \|\| Bhaktimala \|\| Telugu \|\| Radha \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| Bhaskar Films \|- \|1941 \|Dharmapatni \|Tamil \| \| \| \| \| \|- \| 1941 \| Dharmapatni \| Telugu \| \| \|* Anuraagam Leka Anandamunda* Nilu Niluma Neelavarnaa \| \| Famous Films \|- \| 1943 \| Garuda Garvabhangam \| Telugu \| \| \| \| \| Pratiba \|- \| 1943 \|\| Krishna Prema \|\| Telugu \|\| Chandravali \|\| \|\| * Ekkadunnaave Pillaa ekkadunnaave (with Addanki)* Oogave Oogave Uyyaalaa \|\| Galipenchala Narasimha Rao \|\| Famous Films & Star Combines \|- \| 1944 \| Tahsildar \| Telugu \| Kamala \| \| \| \| \|- \| 1945 \|\| Swarga Seema \|\| Telugu \|\| Subbi/Sujatha Devi \|\| Chittor V. Nagaiah \|\|* Oho Ho Pavurama* Oho Tapodhana* Madhura Vennelareyi (with Ghantasala)* Manchidinamu Nede \|\| Chittor V. Nagaiah \|\| Vijaya Studios \|- \| 1946 \| Gruhapravesam \| Telugu \| Janaki \| \| \| \| Sarati Films \|- \| 1947 \|\| Ratnamala \|\| Telugu \|\| Ratnamala \|\| C. S. R. Anjaneyulu \|\| * Anandadayini * Madana \|\| C. R. Subburaman \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1948 \|\| Raja Mukthi \|\| Tamil \|\| Kannika \|\| M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar \|\| * Sarasa Sallabam Seiyya Arugil Vaarumaiyya* Swami Arunkanigal Ivaiye Paareer (with M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar)* Sandhoshamaai Anbar Varuvaaradi (with M. L. Vasanthakumari) \|\| C. R. Subburaman \|\| Narendra Pictures \|- \| 1949 \|\| Laila Majnu \|\| Telugu \|\| Laila \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\| * Neevene Naa Chaduvu (with Ghantasala) & P. Leela)* Aaha Pahliyanchega * Viri Tavula Lona (with Ghantasala)* Chera Raavo (with Ghantasala)* Raavo Naanu Marachitivo (with Ghantasala) * Ninu Basi Povudana * Preme Neramounaa * Chelunigani Nijamidani Telupuma O Jaabili (with Ghantasala)* Taanedano \|\| C. R. Subburaman \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1949 \|\| Laila Majnu \|\| Tamil \|\| Laila \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\| * Nee Thaane Ennasai (with Ghantasala & P. Leela)* Aaha Palan Vandhadhe * Iga Vaazhvinil Kaadhal Mahajothiye Maarumaa (with Ghantasala)* Jothi Minnum (with Ghantasala)* Vaaraayo Enai Marandhanaiyo (with Ghantasala)* Unnai Paarkka Pogirenaa Oru Maasilladha Kaif * Premaithaan Polladhaa* Enadhu Uyir Urugum Nilai Solluvaai Nee Vaanmathi (with Ghantasala) \|\| C. R. Subburaman \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1949 \|\| Nallathambi \|\| Tamil \|\| Pushpa \|\| N. S. Krishnan \|\| * Enadhu Uyir Egypttu * Malarthanil Oru Azhagu Mayil (with Ghantasala)* Varuvaare Dear Varuvaare * Naan Vanangum Deivam \|\| C. R. Subburaman \|\| NSK Films & Uma Pictures \|- \| 1949 \|\| Raksha Rekha \|\| Telugu \|\| Princess Kalavathi \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\| * Oho Rajasukumara* Abhayammu Neevegaa* Jeevana Doli (with Ghantasala) \|\| Ogirala Ramachandra Rao & H. R. Padmanabha Sastri \|\| R. Padmanabhan Productions \|- \| 1949 \| Devamanohari \| Tamil \| Devamanohari \| C. Honnappa Bhagavathar \| \| G. Ramanathan \| Arkays Pictures \|- \| 1949 \|\| Apoorva Sagodharargal \|\| Tamil \|\| Kanchana \|\| M. K. Radha \|\| * Aaha Aaduvene Geetham Paaduvene (with T. A. Mothi)* Laddu Laddu Mittai Venumaa* Maanum Mayilum Aadum Solai * Manamohaname Vana Vaasame \|\| S. Rajeswara Rao \|\| Gemini Studios \|- \| 1949 \|\| Apoorva Sahodaralu \|\| Telugu \|\| Ranjana \|\| M. K. Radha \|\| * Aaha Sukhadayi (with T. A. Mothi) \|\| S. Rajeswara Rao \|\| Gemini Studios \|- \| 1949 \|\| Nishaan \|\| Hindi \|\| Kanchana \|\| M. K. Radha \|\| \|\| S. Rajeswara Rao \|\| Gemini Studios \|- \| 1949 \|\| Rathnakumar \|\| Tamil \|\| \|\| P. U. Chinnappa Bhagavathar \|\| * Ganavaangale Vaango (with P. U. Chinnappa)* Andhi Nerame Inbame (with P. U. Chinnappa)* Sollarum Anandam Enadhu Vaazhvil Indre Duraiye (with P. U. Chinnappa)* Ananda Vellam (with P. U. Chinnappa)* Varattum, Vandhaal Vazhi Solven * Nin Paadham Varave Thaaye Nee Dhayai Purivaaiye * Vizhudhu Vittu Thazhaithongi * Muzhuthunnai Nambinen * Aadavar Kaadhal Idhudhaano \|\| G. Ramanathan & C. R. Subburaman \|\| Murugan Talkies \|- \| 1950 \| Maya Rambha \| Telugu \| \| \| \| \| \|- \| 1951 \|\| Malleeswari \|\| Telugu \|\| Malleeswari \|\| N. T. Rama Rao \|\|* Manasuna Mallera Maalaloogene* Parugulu Teeyali O Gittalu Urakalu Veyali (with Ghantasala)* Pilachina Biguvatara Auraura* Eda Thanunnado Baava (with Ghantasala) \|\| Adepalli Rama Rao & S. Rajeswara Rao \|\| Vijaya Studios \|- \| 1951 \|\| Mangala \|\| Telugu \|\| Mangala \|\| Ranjan \|\| \|\| M. D. Parthasarathy \|\| Gemini Studios \|- \| 1951 \|\| Mangla \|\| Hindi\|\| Mangala \|\| Ranjan \|\| \|\| M. D. Parthasarathy \|\| Gemini Studios \|- \| 1952 \|\| Prema \|\| Telugu \|\| Mothi \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\|* Divya Premaku Satiaune (with Ghantasala)* Aagavoyi Maraja* Oh Hayiga* Pelliyanta Pelliyanta* Priyuni Baase* Rojuku Roju (with GhantasalaEe Lokamantha Neeti Leni LokamaaHayi Jeevithame \|\| C. R. Subburaman \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1952 \|\| Kaadhal \|\| Tamil \|\| Mothi \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\| Inba Kaaviyam Aagum Vaazhve (with Ghantasala)* Jeevidhamellaam (with Ghantasala)* Aahaa Inbame Aahaa Engume Aahaa Pongudhe* Kanavu Thaano Ninaivu Yaavum Kaanal Neeraamo \|\| C. R. Subburaman \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1952 \|\| Rani \|\| Tamil \|\| Rani/Ranjani \|\| S. Balachander \|\| * Naane Gnaaniyar* Madhi Mayangum Malar Vanam* Karugi Pugaiyum Pugaiye* Unmaiyillaadha Ulagile* Samayam Vaachchadhu* Cheeppu Chunukkani Chimini* Samarasam Nilaiperum (with C. R. Subburaman \|\| C. R. Subburaman \|\| Jupiter Pictures \|- \| 1952 \|\| Rani \|\| Hindi \|\| Rani/Ranjani \|\| Anoop Kumar \|\| \|\| C. R. Subburaman \|\| Jupiter Pictures \|- \| 1953 \|\| Chandirani \|\| Tamil \|\| Champa & Chandi \|\| N. T. Rama Rao \|\| * En Vaazhvinile Naan Magizhum Naal Iidhuve Thaan* Innadhendru Ariyaamal * En Vaazhvellaam Siraivaasamo* Nilaa Nilaa Odi Vaa Nillaamal Odi Vaa* Vaan Meedhile Inba Then Maari Peyuthe (with Ghantasala)* Meow Meow \|\| C. R. Subburaman & M. S. Viswanathan\|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1953 \| Chandirani \| Telugu \| Champa & Chandi \| N. T. Rama Rao \| * Eeroju Bhale Roju Ide Prema Idena* Enduko Teliyani Ennadu Anukoni Ee Sambaraalemiti* Evaraalakinturu Naamora Enaleni Vedana* Kilaa Kilaa Navvulaa Kurisene Vennelaa* O Taraka (with Ghantasala)* Meow Meow \| C. R. Subburaman & M. S. Viswanathan \| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1953 \| Chandirani \| Hindi \| Champa & Chandi \| Dilip Kumar \| \| C. R. Subburaman & M. S. Viswanathan \| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1954 \| Aggi Ramudu \| Telugu \| Saradha \| N. T. Rama Rao \| \| S. M. Subbaiah Naidu \| Pakshiraja Studios \|- \| 1954 \| Malaikkallan \| Tamil \| Poonkothai \| M. G. Ramachandran \| * Unnai Azhaithathu Yaaro* Pengale Ulangalile* Nalla Sagunam Nokki* Naane Inba Roja* Naalai \| S. M. Subbaiah Naidu \| Pakshiraja Studios \|- \| 1954 \|\| Chakrapani \|\| Telugu \|\| Malati \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\|* Pakkala Nilabadi Kolichemu* Uyyala Jampalaloogaravaya * O Malathi Lata * Mella Mellaga \|\| P. Bhanumathi \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1955 \|\| Vipranarayana \|\| Telugu \|\| Devadevi \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\| * Anuraagalu Dhooramu (with A. M. Rajah)* Endhukoyi Thotamali* Evvade Athadevvade* Madhura Madhuramee (with A. M. Rajah)* Nanu Vidanaadakura* Raa Raa Naa Swamy* Ranga Rangayani* Saavirahe Thava Dheena* Thillana* Yela Naapai Dhaya Choopavu* Slokams \|\| S. Rajeswara Rao \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1955 \|\| Vipranarayana \|\| Tamil \|\| Devadevi \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\| * Malaril Madhuvellaam (with A. M. Rajah)* Ini Aagatha Sogam (with A. M. Rajah)* Naayagane Jaya Geeta Radha \|\| S. Rajeswara Rao \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1955 \|\| Kalvanin Kadhali \|\| Tamil \|\| Kalyani \|\| Sivaji Ganesan \|\| * Manadhil Urudhi Vendum (with T. M. Soundararajan)* Nallathor Veenai Seidhe* Alli Malar Solai Inba Valli Ival Thaane* Veyilukketha Nizhalundu (with Ghantasala) \|\| G. Govindarajulu Naidu & Ghantasala \|\| Revathi Productions \|- \| 1956 \|\| Alibabavum Narpadhu Thirudargalum \|\| Tamil \|\| Marziyana \|\|M. G. Ramachandran \|\| * Maasila Unmai Kaadhale (with A. M. Rajah)* Azhagaana Ponnu Naan* Unnaivida Maatten* Anbinaale Aalavandha* En Aattamellaam \|\| S. Dakshinamurthy \|\| Modern Theatres \|- \| 1956 \| Alibaba 40 Dongalu \| Telugu \| Marziyana \| M. G. Ramachandran \| \| S. Dakshinamurthy \| Modern Theatres \|- \| 1956 \| Chintamani \| Telugu \| Chintamani \| \| \| \| \|- \| 1956 \| Madurai Veeran \| Tamil \| Princess Bommi \| M. G. Ramachandran \| * Avarkkum Enakkum \| G. Ramanathan \| Krishna Pictures \|- \| 1956 \| Rangoon Radha \| Tamil \| Rangam \| Sivaji Ganesan \| * Thalai Vaari Poochoodi Unnai* Kaatril Aadum Mullaikkodiye* Thamizhe Thene Kanne Thaalelo* Kaiyil Pirambedutthu (with N. S. Krishnan) \| T. R. Papa \| Mekala Pictures \|- \| 1956 \| Tenali Ramakrishna \| Telugu \| Rangasaani \| N. T. Rama Rao & A. Nageswara Rao \|* Kannulu Ninde Kannela Vinna Mannanaleera Raja* Teerani Naa Korikale Teerenu Ee Roju \| Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy \| Vikram Productions \|- \| 1956 \| Tenali Raman \| Tamil \| Krishnasani \| N. T. Rama Rao & Sivaji Ganesan \| * Kangalil Adidum Penmaiyin Nadagam* Kannamirandum Minnidum Annam* Pirandha Nal Mannan Pirandha Nal* Vinnulagil Minni Varum Tharagaiye Po Po \| Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy \| Vikram Productions \|- \| 1956 \| Sadhaaram \| Tamil \| Sadharam \| Gemini Ganesan & K. R. Ramasamy \| * Ponggi Varum Pudhu Nilave (with T. M. Soundararajan)* Enggum Oli Veesudhe Ennai Thedi (with A. P. Komala & A. G. Rathnamala)* Thaaye Ezhai Mugam \| G. Ramanathan \| Kasturi Films \|- \| 1956 \| Thaaikkuppin Thaaram \| Tamil \| Sivakami \| M. G. Ramachandran \| * Aaha Nam Aaasai Niraiveruma (with T. M. Soundararajan)* Asaindhaadum Thendrale* En Kaadhal Inbam (with A. M. Rajah) \| K. V. Mahadevan \| Devar Films \|- \| 1956 \| Rambaiyin Kaadhal \| Tamil \| Ramba \| K. A. Thangavelu \| * Kannaala Vaazhvile Kaadhal Poithaana* Kannaala Vaazhvile Kaadhal Poithaana (with P. Suseela)* Aadavaareer Indre Aadavaareer \| T. R. Papa \| Kalpana Pictures \|- \| 1957 \| Makkalai Petra Magarasi \| Tamil \| Rangamma \| Sivaji Ganesan \| * Sonna Pechcha Ketkanum* Vandhadhu Yaar Endru Theriyuma* Poravale Poravale (with T. M. Soundararajan) \| K. V. Mahadevan \| Sri Lakshmi Pictures \|- \| 1957 \|\| Manamagan Thevai \|\| Tamil \|\| Banumathi \|\| Sivaji Ganesan \|\| * Nenjinile Pugundhu* Yengo Kulukku Thalukku Thevalaiya* Velavare Ummai Thedi* Vennila Jothiyai Veesuthe (with Ghantasala & Pithapuram Nageswara Rao) * Naanthaan Un Kaadhalan (with Seerkazhi Govindarajan)* Krishna Nee Begane Vaarai \|\| G. Ramanathan \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1957 \|\| Varudu Kavali \|\| Telugu \|\| Banumathi \|\|Jaggayya \|\| * Andachandaala O Taarakaa (with Ghantasala & Pithapuram Nageswara Rao) \|\|G. Ramanathan \|\|Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1957 \|\| Rani Lalithangi \|\| Tamil \|\| Lalithangi \|\| Sivaji Ganesan \|\| * Inbam Perinbam* Madhunilai Maaradha Manadhodu* Ennai Ariyaamal Thulludhu Manam \|\| G. Ramanathan \|\| TNR Productions \|- \| 1957 \| Ambikapathy \| Tamil \| Princess Amaravati \| Sivaji Ganesan \| * Kannile Iruppathenna Kanni * Maasila Nilave Nam (with T. M. Soundararajan)* Vaadaa Malare (with T. M. Soundararajan) \| G. Ramanathan \| ALS Productions \|- \| 1957 \| Nala Dhamayanthi \| Kannada \| Dhamayanthi \| Kemparaj Urs \| * \| B. Gopalam \| Kemparaj Productions \|- \| 1957 \| Sarangadhara \| Telugu \| Chitrangi Devi \| N. T. Rama Rao \| * Adugadugo Alladugo * Manasemo Maatalo Dinusemo * Raja Naaraja * Allana Gaadhiraajasutudarmili (with Ghantasala) \| G. Ramanathan \| Minerva Pictures \|- \| 1958 \| Sarangadhara \| Tamil \| Chitrangi Devi \| Sivaji Ganesan \| * Arpudha Kaatchi Ondru Kanden* Kannaal Nalla Paaru (with A. P. Komala & K. Rani) * Vandhiduvaar Avar En Manam Pole \| G. Ramanathan \| Minerva Pictures \|- \| 1958 \| Nadodi Mannan \| Tamil \| Madhana \| M. G. Ramachandran \| * Sammadhamaa Naan Ungal* Summaakkidandha Nilathai Koththi (with T. M. Soundararajan) \| S. M. Subbaiah Naidu \| Emgeeyar Pictures \|- \| 1959 \| Manimekalai \| Tamil \| Manimekalai \| T. R. Mahalingam \| * Kangalin Vennilave (with T. R. Mahalingam)* Inbam Inbam Inbam Indha Ulaginile* Ulagame Oru Sirachchaalai* Aadhaaram Unnai Allaaal \| G. Ramanathan \| Shekhar Art Film Enterprise \|- \| 1959 \| Nala Dhamayanthi \| Tamil \| Dhamayanthi \| Kemparaj Urs \| * Sarasam Seiyadhe Maname* Jai Bavani Dhayaarpari* Nan kanda Koyil Endha \| B. Gopalam \| Kemparaj Productions \|- \| 1960 \| Raja Bakthi \| Tamil \| Madharasai \| Sivaji Ganesan, Vyjayanthimala \| None \| G. Govindarajulu Naidu \| Revathi Productions \|- \| 1960 \| Raja Desingu \| Tamil \| Ranibhai \| M. G. Ramachandran \| * Sarasaraani Kalyani (with C. S. Jayaraman) * Iyalodu Isai Pole (with C. S. Jayaraman) \| G. Ramanathan \| Krishna Pictures \|- \| 1961 \| Batasari \| Telugu \| Madhavi \| A. Nageswara Rao \|* Kanulakudoche Chetikandani Endamavulunnai (with Jikki)* Lokamerugani Baala Deeni Pokada Chitramu Chaala* O Batasari Nanu Maruvakoyi* Kanera Kamandhulai Manera Unmadulai \| Master Venu \| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1961 \| Kaanal Neer \| Tamil \| Madhavi \| A. Nageswara Rao \| * Kannil Therindhum Kaikku Varaatha (with Jikki)* Ulagam Theriyaa Payire* Anbaana Enname Paavama* Vazhi Thedi Vandhaai \| Master Venu \| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1962 \|\| Annai \|\| Tamil \|\| Savithri \|\| S. V. Ranga Rao \|\| * Annai Embadhu Neethaana* Poovaagi Kaayaagi \|\| R. Sudarsanam \|\| AVM Productions \|- \| 1963 \| Kalai Arasi \| Tamil \| Vani & Valli \| M. G. Ramachandran \| * Singara Vaa Vaa* Kalaiye Un Ezhil Meni (with Seerkazhi Govindarajan)* Aasai Vaikkiara Idam (with Jikki)* Ninaikkum Podhu Nenjum Kannum \| K. V. Mahadevan \| Sarodi Brothers \|- \| 1963 \| Anuragam \| \| \| \|* Sannajaji Teeveloi Sampenga Poovuloi \| Pendyala Nageswara Rao \| \|- \| 1963 \| Arivaali \| Tamil \| Manorama \| Sivaji Ganesan \| * Koovatha Inbakkuyil* Venkata Ramana* En Kobam Pollathadhu (with T. M. Soundararajan) \| S. V. Venkatraman \| A. T. K. Productions \|- \| 1963 \|\| Penchina Prema \|\| Telugu \|\| Savithri \|\| S. V. Ranga Rao \|\| * Annai Embadhu Neethaana* Poovaagi Kaayaagi \|\| R. Sudarsanam \|\| AVM Productions \|- \| 1963 \|\| Kaanchi Thalaivan \|\| Tamil \|\| Chola Kumari \|\| M. G. Ramachandran \|\| * Mayangatha Manamyaavum Mayangum \|\| K. V. Mahadevan \|\| Mekala Pictures \|- \| 1964 \|\| Bobbili Yudham \|\| Telugu \|\| Mallamma \|\| N. T. Rama Rao \|\|* Srikara Karunalavala Venugopala* Ooyalalooginadoyi \|\| S. Rajeswara Rao \|\| Republic Productions \|- \| 1964 \|\| Vivaha Bandham \|\| Telugu \|\| Bharati \|\| N. T. Rama Rao \|\|* Vinnava Vinnava Manasulona Dagivunna Madhurageeti* ""Neetilona Ningilona (with P. B. Srinivas)* Nagumomu Ganaleni* Alumagalu Vidipoyenanthane* ""Neetilona Ningilona (pathos) (with P. B. Srinivas) \|\| M. B. Sreenivasan & P. Bhanumathi \|\| Navayuga Films \|- \| 1965 \|\| Antastulu \|\| Telugu \|\| Rani \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\|* Dulapara Bulloda Dummu Dulapara Bulloda* Vinara Vissanna Ne Vedam Cheputa Vinaranna \|\| K. V. Mahadevan \|\| Jagapathi Art Productions \|- \| 1965 \|\| Thodu Needa \|\| Telugu \|\| Lakshmi \|\| N. T. Rama Rao \|\| * Enno Ratrulu Vastayi Kaani Idiye Toli Reyi* When I was just a little girl — I asked my mother what will I be\|\| K. V. Mahadevan \|\| Vijayabhatt Movies \|- \| 1966 \|\| Palnati Yuddham \|\| Telugu \|\| Nagamma \|\| N. T. Rama Rao \|\| * Jaya Sambho \|\| S. Rajeswara Rao \|\| Sri Anuroopa Films \|- \| 1967 \|\| Gruhalakshmi \|\| Telugu \|\| Laxmi \|\| A. Nageswara Rao \|\|* Laali Laali Gopala Bala Laali Laali* Melukovayya Kaveti \|\| \| Ranga Sriranga \|- \| 1967 \|\| Pattathu Rani \|\| Tamil \|\| \|\| Gemini Ganesan \|\| * Munnale Oru Ponnu* Sitthan Pokku Sivan Pooku \|\| T. K. Ramamoorthy \|\| \|- \| 1967 \|\| Nai Roshni \|\| Hindi \|\| Padma Kumar \|\| Ashok Kumar \|\| None \|\| Ravi \|\| Vasu Films \|- \| 1967 \|\| Punyavathi \|\| Telugu \|\| Padmavathi \|\| S. V. Ranga Rao \|\| None \|\| Ghantasala \|\| Vasu Films \|- \| 1968 \|\| Poovum Pottum \|\| Tamil \|\| Padmavathi \|\| S. V. Ranga Rao \|\| None \|\| R. Govardhanam \|\| Vasu Films \|- \| 1971 \|\| Mattilo Manikyam \|\| Telugu \|\| Lalitha \|\| Chalam \|\|* Saranam Nee Divya Charanam \|\| Satyam \|\| \|- \| 1972 \| Anta Mana Manchike\| Telugu \| Savitri \| \| \| \| \|- \| 1973 \|\| Kattila Thottila \|\| Tamil \|\| Dr. Meenakshi \|\| Gemini Ganesan \|\| \|\| V. Kumar \|\| Arul Films \|- \| 1973 \| Vichitra Vivaham\|Telugu \| \| \|* Ammayilu Abbayilu Naa Matalo Nijam Vintara Meeru\| \| \|- \| 1974 \|\| Ammayi Pelli \|\| Telugu \|\| Dr. Meenakshi \|\| N. T. Rama Rao \|\|* Vandanamu Raghunandana* Naa Kanula Mundara Nuvvunte* Ee Jeevitam Intenaa * Radhika Krishna \|\| P. Bhanumathi & Satyam \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1974 \|\| Tatamma Kala \|\| Telugu \|\| Ravamma \|\| N. T. Rama Rao \|\| * Evaranukunnaru* Ayyalali Muddulayyalali* Korameesam Kurroda (with Ghantasala) \|\| S. Rajeswara Rao \|\| Ramakrishna Cine Studios \|- \| 1974 \|\| Pathu Madha Bandham \|\| Tamil \|\| \|\| S. A. Asokan,B. Sarojadevi, Nirmala, A.V.M Rajan , Muthuraman,R avichandran \|\| * Raamanukku mannan mudi* Irandu thaikku oru magal * Let me sigh, Let me cry ... \|\| Shankar–Ganesh \|\| Sri Navaneetha Films \|- \| 1975 \|\| Ippadiyum Oru Penn \|\| Tamil \|\| \|\| Sivakumar, Devika \|\| * Sarigamapa Paattu Paadunga* Agapatta Varayil (with Manorama) * En vazhkkai un paniye * Naane radhe kanna \|\| P. Bhanumathi \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1977 \| Manavadi Kosam\| Telugu \| \| \| \| \| \|- \| 1984 \|\| Bhakta Dhruva Markandeya \|\| Tamil \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|- \| 1984 \|\| Mangamma Gari Manavadu \|\| Telugu \|\| Mangamma \|\| Nandamuri Balakrishna, Suhasini \|\|* Sree Suryanarayana Meluko (with Vani Jayaram) \|\| K. V. Mahadevan \|\| Bhargav Art Productions \|- \| 1986 \| Muddula Manavaraalu\| Telugu \| \| \| \| \| \|- \| 1986 \|\| Kannukku Mai Ezhuthu \|\| Tamil \|\| \|\| Sujatha, Sarath Babu \|\|* Vaadaa Malliye Naan Sooda Mullaiye \|\| Ilaiyaraaja \|\| Blue Moon Movies \|- \| 1987 \|\| Attagaru Zindabad \|\| Telugu \|\| Rajeshwari \|\|Kalyan Chakravarthy Nandamuri \|\| \|\| \|\| Bharani Pictures \|- \| 1988 \| Attagaru Swagatham\| Telugu \| \| \| \| \| \|- \| 1990 \|\| Bamma Maata Bangaru Baata \|\| Telugu \|\| Rajyalakshmamma \|\| Rajendra Prasad, Gautami \|\|* Dilli Ki Raja Aina Bamma Maata Bangaru Baata* Maa Palle Gopaluda (with S. P. Balasubrahmanyam & P. Suseela \|\| Chandrabose \|\| AVM Productions \|- \| 1992 \|\| Peddarikam \|\| Telugu \|\| Adusumilli Basavapunnamma \|\| Jagapati Babu, Sukanya \|\| None \|\| Raj–Koti \|\| Sri Surya Movies \|- \| 1992 \|\| Perivayar \|\| Tamil \|\| \|\| Jagapati Babu, Sukanya \|\| None \|\| Raj–Koti \|\| Sri Surya Movies \|- \| 1992 \| Samrat Ashok\| Telugu \| \| \| \| \| \|- \| 1992 \|\| Chembaruthi \|\| Tamil \|\| Bhuvaneswari \|\| Prashanth, Roja \|\| * Sembaruthi Poovu (with S. Janaki & Mano) \|\| Ilaiyaraaja \|\| Motherland Movies \|- \| 1992 \|\| Chamanthi \|\| Telugu \|\| Bhuvaneswari \|\| Prashanth, Roja \|\| \|\| Ilaiyaraaja \|\| Motherland Movies \|- \| 1998 \|\| Pelli Kanuka \|\| Telugu \|\| Savithramma \|\| Jagapati Babu \|\| * Bangaru Bommaki (with S. P. Balasubrahmanyam) \|\| M. M. Keeravani \|\| N. V. S. Creations \|} Playback singer Bhanumathi gave her voice for herself and many actors to sing many songs. Producer Ratnamala Prema Chakrapani (1954) Laila Majnu Batasari Vipra NarayanaMusic director Chakrapani (1954) Ippadiyum Oru Penn (1975) Supervisor of music direction Vichitra Vivaham'' (1973) See also Raghupathi Venkaiah Award References బహుముఖ ప్రజ్ఞాశాలి External links 1925 births 2005 deaths Andhra University alumni Indian women songwriters Indian film actresses Indian women film producers Film producers from Andhra Pradesh 20th-century Indian actresses Indian women film directors People from Ongole Recipients of the Rashtrapati Award Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts Telugu actresses Telugu film producers 20th-century Indian singers Film directors from Andhra Pradesh 20th-century Indian film directors 20th-century Indian women artists 20th-century Indian women singers 21st-century Indian singers 21st-century Indian women singers 21st-century Indian women artists Film musicians from Andhra Pradesh Women musicians from Andhra Pradesh Businesswomen from Andhra Pradesh 20th-century Indian businesswomen 20th-century Indian businesspeople
4012754	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara%20VanFlower	Tara VanFlower	Tara VanFlower is an American singer-songwriter, known for her vocal contributions to darkwave group Lycia. In 1999 she released This Womb Like Liquid Honey on Projekt Records. She released a second album titled My Little Fire-Filled Heart in 2005 by Silber Records. Discography Studio albums This Womb Like Liquid Honey (1999, Projekt) My Little Fire-Filled Heart (2005, Silber) Extended plays Beneath the Moon (2006, Hand/Eye) References External links American rock singers Dark wave musicians Gothic rock musicians Living people Musicians from Mesa, Arizona 21st-century American singers Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American women singers
4012772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berja	Berja	Berja () is a municipality, former bishopric and Latin titular see in Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, southern Spain. It is located on the south-eastern slope of the Sierra de Gádor, 10 miles north-east of Adra. History Berja may have Phoenician or Iberian origins; it was known to the Romans as Vergis or Vergium, and it was part of the province of Baetica. There are Roman remains in the Villa Vieja: an amphitheater and an aqueduct, and mosaics whose style and production are similar to those found in Pompeii and Herculaneum. Saint Ctesiphon (San Tesifón), patron saint of the town, is said to have preached in the area in the first century, bringing Christianity to the town. From this era are conserved coins, crosses and a sarcophagus found in the neighborhood of Alcaudique, which is now in the National Archaeological Museum (Museo Arqueológico Nacional). A reproduction exists in the Museum of Almería. The site suffered an earthquake in the fifth century, and the Roman town subsequently dissolved into various smaller communities, one of which –Berja- became the dominant one. After the Moorish invasion of Iberia in the eighth century, the town was known as Berja, and a fortress was built in the town. Remains of Moorish baths can still be seen in the neighborhood of Benejí. It was occupied by Christian forces in 1489 during the Reconquista. The Morisco Revolt in 1568 led to many deaths in Berja, which was nearly depopulated after the end of the uprising. In autumn of 1588 two hermits arrived in Berja named Domingo de San Juan and Juan de Santa María, who founded in the depopulated area of Pixnela the sanctuary dedicated to a patroness of Berja: the Virgen de Gádor (Virgin of Gádor, also in Almeria province). Berja would be administered from Ugíjar until October 29, 1753, when it was allowed to have its own mayor, forming part of the administrative area of Las Alpujarras, within the old kingdom of Granada. On August 25, 1804, another earthquake destroyed much of the town. Under the regency of Maria Christina of Austria, Javier de Burgos used his influence to turn Spain's antiquated administrative system into a provincial one, advocating the need for a centralized government. In 1833, Las Alpujarras was divided into two zones: one remained part of the province of Granada, Berja fell within the other which was part of the province of Almería. Exploitation of the lead mines in Berja began in the 19th century, and the city consequently flourished during this time. Ecclesiastical history Saint Ctesiphon (San Tesifón), patron saint of the town, is said to have preached in the area in the first century, bringing Christianity to Roman Vergi(um). It was made a bishopric around 500, but that was suppressed circa 711, due to the Moorish conquest. No resident incumbents available. Titular see In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Titular bishopric named Vergi (Curiate Italian), Latin adjective Vergen(sis). It had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank: Angelo Calabretta (1970.06.27 – death 1975.01.04) on emeritate as former Bishop of Noto (Italy) (1936.07.16 – 1970.06.27) Paul Marie Nguyễn Minh Nhật (1975.07.16 – 1988.02.22) as Coadjutor Bishop of Xuân Lôc (Vietnam) (1975.07.16 – 1988.02.22), later succeeding as Bishop of Xuân Lôc (1988.02.22 – retired 2004.09.30), also President of Episcopal Conference of Vietnam (1990 – 1995), died 2007 Antonín Liška, Redemptorists (C.SS.R.) (1988.05.19 – 1991.08.28) as Auxiliary Bishop of Praha (Prague, Czech Republic) (1988.05.19 – 1991.08.28); later Bishop of České Budějovice (Czech Republic) (1991.08.28 – retired 2002.09.25), died 2003 Gerhard Jakob (1993.12.12 – 1998.05.04) as Auxiliary Bishop of Trier (western Germany) (1993.12.12 – death 1998.05.04) Salvador Emilio Riverón Cortina (1999.04.24 – death 2004.02.22) as Auxiliary Bishop of La Habana (Havana, Cuba) (1999.04.24 – 2004.02.22) Ángel Rubio Castro (2004.10.21 – resigned? 2007.11.03) as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo (Spain) (2004.10.21 – 2007.11.03); later Bishop of Segovia (Spain) (2007.11.03 – death 2014.11.12) Santiago Gómez Sierra (2010.12.18 – 2020.06.15) as Auxiliary Bishop of Sevilla (Seville, Spain); later Bishop of Huelva (Spain) (2020.06.15 – ...). Francisco José Prieto Fernández (2021.01.28 – ...), Auxiliary Bishop of Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Economy The city was known for its former lead mines. From the 16th century, the city began production of a wine whose cultivation was commercialized in the 19th century under the brand name Salobra. The city's solar plant opened on December 12, 2007 on the peak of the mountain Montivel. Climate Berja has one of the sunniest, warmest and driest climates in Mediterranean Europe. It's located in a semi-arid climate zone. References Sources and external links Official website Berja - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía Patronato municipal de deportes de Berja Gcatholic - (titular) bishopric Vergi, with Google satellite photo Municipalities in the Province of Almería
4012773	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello%2C%20I%20Must%20Be%20Going%20%28song%29	Hello, I Must Be Going (song)	"Hello, I Must Be Going" is a song from the Marx Brothers' 1930 film Animal Crackers, written by Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby. It was sung by Groucho, along with Margaret Dumont, just before the dialogue that preceded the song "Hooray for Captain Spaulding". It did not feature in the earlier stage production of Animal Crackers which opened on Broadway in 1928. In the film story the song, together with “Hooray For Captain Spaulding”, create a mock grand operatic entry, complete with chorus, for the famed African explorer Captain Spaulding, played by Groucho. The song expresses Spaulding's contempt for this elaborate welcome. The song is very closely associated with Groucho. A biography of Groucho was titled, Hello, I Must be Going! He also sang the song, with Erin Fleming, as the opening number of his Carnegie Hall concert in 1972. Other performances In Oliver Stone's TV mini-series Wild Palms (1993), the title of the fifth and final episode, directed by Phil Joanou, was "Hello, I Must Be Going". The Marx Brothers song itself was sung by the character Senator Anton Kreutzer (played by Robert Loggia). References External links Lyrics on genius.com Songs about parting 1930 songs American songs Songs with lyrics by Bert Kalmar Songs with music by Harry Ruby Marx Brothers Groucho Marx songs
4012777	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten-ball	Ten-ball	Ten-ball is a pool game similar to nine-ball, but using 10 balls instead of nine, and with the 10 ball instead of the nine as the "". Although the game has existed for a long time, its popularity has risen in recent years as a result of concerns that nine-ball has suffered as a result of flaws in its fundamental structure, particularly the ease with which players can often make balls from the break. The World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) standardized rules for 10-ball are very similar to those for nine-ball, but with key changes to increase the difficulty of the game. In contrast to nine-ball, it is slightly harder to any balls on the with the more crowded , the initial shooter cannot instantly win the game by pocketing the 10 on the break, all shots must be , and performing a string of on successive racks is statistically more difficult to achieve. Ten-ball is preferred over nine-ball by some professionals as a more challenging discipline than nine-ball. Racking The 10 balls are racked in a triangle, with the 1 ball positioned at the apex of the rack, the 10 ball positioned in the middle of the rack, and the other balls placed randomly throughout, with the apex ball on the foot spot. Some leagues and tournaments (such as the US Open 10 Ball) may stipulate that the 2 and 3 balls are to be at the back corners of the triangle. Play As a rotation game, to make a legal hit in ten-ball, the cue ball must contact the lowest numbered ball first, and subsequently at least one ball must hit any rail or be pocketed, without the cue ball being pocketed. If no ball hits a rail and no ball is pocketed, a foul is declared, and the shooter's turn is over. Under World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) standardized rules, it is a game; that is, the shooter must state which ball they intend to pocket and into which pocket. The pocketed ball does not have to be the lowest-numbered ball on the table—combination and carom shots are legal, as long as the shooter pockets the nominated ball in the nominated pocket without committed any foul. —shots that go in an unintended pocket (usually by random chance)—do not count; if a player pockets only ball(s) other than the nominated ball, or pockets the nominated ball in the wrong pocket, the pocketed ball(s) stay down, but the shooter's turn is over, as though they missed the shot completely. Only if the cue ball first makes contact with the lowest-numbered ball on the table, the nominated ball goes into the nominated pocket, and no other foul is committed, does the shooter's turn continue. The only exception to the call-shot rule is on the break, for which there is no call. If the 10 ball is pocketed on the break, it is placed back on the and the shooter's turn continues. Any other balls that are pocketed on the break stay down, with the shooter continuing their turn, unless a foul was committed. If no ball is pocketed on the break, the shooter's turn is over. The use of called shots is considered controversial among some of the game's elite, as many professional players are experts at playing multi-way shots where they may be attempting to pocket more than one ball on a given shot. Nonetheless, the rule has been adopted for professional competitions. References External links Face off Series games at Club Capo, Quezon City, Philippines Historical ten-ball match videos by year Pool (cue sports)
4012778	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Marshall%20Hall	Edward Marshall Hall	Sir Edward Marshall Hall, (16 September 1858 – 24 February 1927) was an English barrister who had a formidable reputation as an orator. He successfully defended many people accused of notorious murders and became known as "The Great Defender". Marshall Hall practised as a barrister in the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, when the public took a great interest in the sensational court cases of the day. Big criminal and civil trials were widely reported on by the popular press on a daily basis. As a consequence, he and other successful barristers of the day became very famous. The widespread belief that he was a much better orator than lawyer may explain his failure to achieve elevation to the High Court Bench, which was a source of great disappointment to him. Personal life Born in Brighton, the son of the eminent physician Alfred Hall, Marshall Hall was educated at Rugby School and St John's College, Cambridge. Unusually, he left Cambridge after his fourth term to embark on what would now be regarded as a gap year in Paris and Australia, before returning to complete his law degree. In 1882 he married Ethel Moon. The marriage was unhappy; the couple were never compatible and were frequently apart. They were legally separated in 1889. The next year Ethel became pregnant by a lover and died of a botched abortion; a seamy, very public lawsuit followed in which the lover, the abortionist, and several others were indicted for Ethel's murder. Marshall Hall's guilt over his part in Ethel's fate would have a profound effect on his career: he would become famous for the impassioned nature of his defences of women maltreated by men. He subsequently married Henriette "Hetty" Kroeger, with whom he had one daughter, Elna. His elder brother was John Cressy-Hall, a first-class cricketer and merchant. His brother, despite being a once successful merchant, later lived in poverty in South Africa. Hall supported him financially, sending money to him via Archdeacon Gaul, which John resented. Camden Town Murder In November 1907 Marshall Hall was briefed in a case which contributed to his reputation as "The Great Defender". On 12 September 1907, Bertram Shaw returned home during the evening to find his room locked. He borrowed a key from a neighbour and, upon entering, found his fiancée Emily Dimmock (known as Phyllis) lying naked on the bed, her throat cut. Nothing much had been taken from the flat, and the motive was a mystery; the case quickly became a sensation. The police investigation, led by Inspector Neill, eventually centred on Robert Wood. Wood was in a relationship with Ruby Young, who recognised his handwriting on a postcard found in Dimmock's room. Wood was put on trial for the murder with Marshall Hall as his defence counsel. Marshall Hall, along with his junior Wellesley Orr, had reservations about Wood giving evidence. This concern was realised when Marshall Hall commenced his examination in chief with: "Robert Wood, did you kill Emily Dimmock?" Wood remained silent, forcing Marshall Hall to repeat the question. Wood then answered, "I mean, it's ridiculous."; a response which risked antagonising the jury. Despite Wood's poor performance as a witness, including cross-examination from senior Treasury Counsel, Sir Charles Mathews, Marshall Hall impressed the court with his rigorous cross-examination of witnesses and convincing oratory style. His closing statement was reported to have been so persuasive that a juror apparently fainted during its conclusion. Mr Justice Grantham, mid-summing up, departed from the pro-conviction stance he was expected to take and made it clear he thought the jury should acquit. They did so after retiring for only 15 minutes between 7.45 and 8pm. Marshall Hall's spirited defence had persuaded almost all in the court of Wood's innocence and caused a large crowd to gather outside the Old Bailey. The huge cheer that went up in courtroom number one was repeated outside. Performances in London theatres were stopped for the verdict to be announced, one announcement was delivered from the stage by Mrs Beerbohm Tree who had been a spectator in the court. Green bicycle case One of the most famous cases was R v Light, known as the Green Bicycle Case, which took place near Leicester in 1919. Marshall Hall obtained an acquittal, despite what seemed like overwhelming circumstantial evidence against the defendant. This evidence included: the fact that the defendant, Ronald Light, had been seen cycling with the victim, Bella Wright, on the day of her death, on a green bicycle; had possessed at one time a revolver similar to the one used to fire the shot that killed her; had discarded that green bicycle in the canal after filing off all of the identifying numbers; and had thrown away a holster and ammunition for the type of revolver used in the murder. He also lied to the police. A full transcript of the evidence and submissions of counsel do not appear to have survived, but from what remains of the closing speech of Marshall Hall, he took advantage of the Crown's lack of a case theory to take their case to its logical conclusion and then demolish it. He submitted that the prosecution case only held together if the entire murder was premeditated. It was the prosecution evidence, indeed the hearsay evidence of the dead victim, that Ronald Light was not known to Bella Wright. How could he then have planned her murder? Marshall Hall used this, and many other points to persuade the jury that they could not be sure that Light was the murderer. The jury returned a unanimous verdict of not guilty after a little over three hours. Other cases In 1894 he defended the Austrian-born prostitute Marie Hermann, charged with the murder of a client; Marshall Hall persuaded the jury that it was a case of manslaughter. Although he made full use of his forensic skills, the case is best remembered for his emotional plea to the jury: "Look at her, gentlemen... God never gave her a chance - won't you?" In 1901 he unsuccessfully defended Herbert John Bennett in the Yarmouth Beach case. Bennett was charged with strangling his wife, Mary, in order to marry Alice Meadows. At a late stage in the trial, Marshall Hall dramatically produced an alibi witness, Sholto Douglas, who testified that on the day of the murder he had met Bennett in Bexley, after the last train for Yarmouth had departed. Douglas was clearly a truthful witness but he had never met Bennett before the date of the murder and the prosecution easily convinced the jury that he had made an honest mistake (which was also Marshall Hall's private opinion). The defence was weakened by the absence of any other suspect or motive, and by the fact that Bennett was such an obvious liar that he could not safely be put into the witness box. Curiously enough Marshall Hall, despite the overwhelming evidence, was never entirely sure of Bennett's guilt. Marshall Hall was also given the brief to represent Dr Crippen at his trial in 1910. However, Crippen provided instructions that Marshall Hall did not feel comfortable with; Crippen would not adopt the line of defence that Marshall Hall felt represented the truth of the matter. As a result, Marshall Hall returned the brief and other counsel appeared at Crippen's trial at the Old Bailey. Arthur Newton instructed Marshall Hall on this occasion as he often did. Marshall Hall defended Frederick Seddon unsuccessfully in a notorious poisoning case in 1912. Seddon was hanged in 1912 for murdering Elizabeth Mary Barrow by administering large quantities of arsenic. Marshall Hall's challenge to the medical evidence, though showing an impressive grasp of the subject, was unsuccessful. Seddon, rather against counsel's wishes, insisted on giving evidence, and made a very bad impression. His manner struck observers as cold and unfeeling, and his obvious greed weakened the defence that the money he gained from Miss Barrow's death was not enough to tempt him to murder. Marshall Hall in later years said that Seddon would have been acquitted if he had not insisted on giving evidence. Marshall Hall also defended George Joseph Smith the "Brides-in-the-Bath" murderer in 1915. Smith was tried for the first of three identical murders of his recent brides, all of whom were drowned while having baths. Despite a spirited defence by Marshall Hall, Smith was convicted and hanged, again largely due to key evidence from Sir Bernard Spilsbury. The case however does seem to contradict the widespread view that he was "not much of a lawyer"—rather he disliked legal argument but could make a good one if necessary. Marshall Hall successfully defended solicitor Harold Greenwood at Carmarthen Assizes in 1920. Greenwood had been accused of poisoning his wife with arsenic. Marshall Hall's skilful cross-examination of the medical witnesses raised, at least, the possibility that Mrs. Greenwood had died from an accidental overdose of morphine. His closing speech for the defence was described by Gerald Sparrow as "the finest ever heard at the English bar", the more impressive since Marshall Hall was seriously ill at the time. Equally successful was the defence Marshall Hall gave to Madame (or Princess) Marguerite Fahmy in 1923 for the shooting death of her husband, Egyptian Prince Fahmy Bey at London's Savoy Hotel. The death of the Prince is frequently on lists of victims of the so-called Curse of the Pharaohs. Marshall Hall brought out Prince Fahmy's race and sexual habits, painting the victim as an evil-minded foreigner who threatened a "white woman" for sexual reasons, whereupon she defended herself. The jury accepted this, and acquitted Madame Fahmy. The Egyptian ambassador wrote several angry letters to the newspapers criticizing Marshall Hall's blackening of the victim and Egyptians in general. In his 2013 book The Prince, The Princess and the Perfect Murder (published in the US as "The Woman Before Wallis") Andrew Rose revealed that Madame Fahmy, real name Marguerite Alibert, a Frenchwoman of modest birth, had an 18-month long affair with the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VIII, in Paris towards the end of World War I. Desperate efforts were made by the Royal Household to ensure that the Prince's name was not mentioned at her trial, which may have contributed to her acquittal. In July 1924, Marshall Hall made a rare appearance for the prosecution, with the Attorney General Sir Patrick Hastings leading at Guildford Assizes before Mr Justice Avory against Jean-Pierre Vaquier for poisoning his lover's husband. Vaquier was found guilty and hanged by Robert Baxter. Political career As well as being elevated to King's Counsel, Marshall Hall served twice in Parliament as a Unionist Member of Parliament for Southport (1900–1906) and for Liverpool East Toxteth (1910–1916). To the great disappointment of the public, he rarely spoke in the House of Commons, and such speeches as he did make did not compare with his courtroom oratory. Legacy Edward Marshall Hall was born and lived at 30 Old Steine, Brighton where there is a commemorative stone plaque on the wall. The building today houses one of Brighton's oldest established firms of solicitors, Burt Brill and Cardens, and remains largely unchanged externally and internally. Brighton & Hove have named a bus after him. The County Borough of Southport named Hall Street after him in his honour. In his day, Marshall Hall made and lost many a fortune and was alternately impecunious or well in funds. When he died, he was in funds and left a considerable sum of money in a trust to be administered by Inner Temple for the benefit of young barristers starting out on their careers and who were as impecunious as he had been from time to time. The fund continues to this day. Marshall Hall's career was dramatised in an 8-episode 1989 BBC Two television serial by Richard Cooper, Shadow of the Noose, starring Jonathan Hyde in the lead role and Terry Taplin as Arthur Newton, the leading solicitor who often secured Marshall Hall's services. John Mortimer, creator of Rumpole of the Bailey, presented some of Marshall Hall's cases in a 5-part 1996 radio series, starring Tom Baker as Marshall Hall. Hall was a famous wit and, in the case of an Irish labourer, when asked by a rather pompous judge, "Is your client not familiar with the maxim res ipsa loquitur?” replied, "My lord, on the remote hillside in County Donegal where my client hails from, they talk of little else." References Sources Edward Marjoribanks, The Life of Sir Edward Marshall Hall, Victor Gollancz Ltd, London 1929. Edward Marjoribanks, Famous Trials of Marshall Hall, Penguin, 1989. Nina Warner Hooke & Gil Thomas, Marshall Hall, Arthur Barker, London 1966. Sally Smith, Marshall Hall: A Law Unto Himself, Wildy Simmons & Hill Publishing, London 2016. . External links Images of Sir Edward Marshall Hall Further image Images and information about the Fahmy case 1858 births 1927 deaths English barristers Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies People from Brighton Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge UK MPs 1900–1906 UK MPs 1910 UK MPs 1910–1918 Knights Bachelor
4012787	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkio%20%28band%29	Tarkio (band)	Tarkio was an indie rock band from Missoula, Montana which included Colin Meloy prior to his forming The Decemberists. Tarkio broke up in 1999, but found new popularity in a retrospective released by Kill Rock Stars in 2006. History Tarkio formed in Missoula, Montana in 1996. Meloy, from Helena, had studied English at University of Oregon at Eugene for two years, then returned and enrolled in the creative writing program at the University of Montana in Missoula. He recruited banjo player Gibson Hartwell, bassist Louis Stein, and drummer Brian Collins following a meeting at an open mic night at a local coffeehouse. The band took its name from Tarkio, Montana, a small town in the western part of the state. Pearl Jam bassist Jeff Ament helped out with some rehearsal space and the band built a following at bar-clubs in Missoula, Great Falls, Butte, and Whitefish, Montana. In 1997, the band self-released a number of demos. Limited to 500 copies, this self-titled EP was followed by an album, I Guess I Was Hoping For Something More, released on Barcelona Records. This album included musician Kevin Suggs on pedal steel. In 1999, the band self-released Sea Songs for Landlocked Sailors. Limited to 200 copies, the EP included a song that would later be re-recorded by the Decemberists, "My Mother Was a Chinese Trapeze Artist." Meloy finished school in 1998. The band broke up shortly after this, when Meloy moved to Portland, Oregon. A number of live recordings of the band's songs were released on a radio compilation in 2002. As the Decemberists began to achieve more fame, fan demand for the hard-to-find Tarkio material grew, paving the way for Kill Rock Stars to release Omnibus. The two-disc compilation featured detailed liner notes and stories from members of the band, including Meloy, as well as all of the available recorded material by the band, including a live radio performance from 1998. The band's sound has been variously compared to The Waterboys, Uncle Tupelo, and Wilco. Meloy said of the early days: “We [Tarkio] had aspirations of being able to base ourselves as a band out of Missoula, Montana, like Low is from Duluth and Modest Mouse is from Issaquah [Washington], but I think we pretty quickly discovered that the reason why those bands succeeded was that they were within an hour’s drive from a major metropolitan area.” Band members Colin Meloy - vocals, guitar Gibson Hartwell - guitar, banjo, vocals Louis Stern - bass, vocals Brian Collins - drums, percussion Kevin Suggs (pedal steel) Discography Albums I Guess I Was Hoping For Something More (CD) - Barcelona Records - 1998 Omnibus (CD) - Kill Rock Stars - 2006 EPs Falleness (Cassette) - Self-released - 1997 Sea Songs For Landlocked Sailors (CD) - Self-released - 1999 References American alternative country groups Musical groups from Montana Musical groups established in 1996
4012790	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Gayle%20%28album%29	Crystal Gayle (album)	Crystal Gayle is the eponymous debut album by Crystal Gayle, although she had previously recorded material which was not released until later. It was released on February 7, 1975. The album peaked at #25 on the Billboard Country Albums chart, and included three charting Hot Country Singles: "Wrong Road Again" at #6, "Beyond You" at #27, and "This Is My Year for Mexico" at #21. Also included is her first rendition of "When I Dream," which would become a big hit three years later on the release of her 1978 album When I Dream. The recording of "Beyond You" is the same one that reappears on 1979's We Should Be Together. The song was later covered by Ava Barber, who included a version on her 1976 album Country as Grits. It was composed by Gayle and her then husband and manager, Bill Gatzimos. Track listing Personnel Crystal Gayle – vocals Jimmy Colvard - electric and rhythm guitar Allen Reynolds - rhythm guitar, backing vocals Lloyd Green - steel guitar, dobro Buddy Spicher - fiddle Joe Allen - bass Charles Cochrane - keyboards, string arrangements Bobby Wood - keyboards Jimmy Isbell, Kenny Malone - drums, percussion Garth Fundis - baritone horn, backing vocals, engineer Technical Lloyd Ziff - art direction Ria Lewerke - design Doug Metzler - photography References Crystal Gayle albums 1975 debut albums Albums produced by Allen Reynolds United Artists Records albums
4012802	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menashe%20Business%20Mercantile%20Ltd%20v%20William%20Hill%20Organization%20Ltd	Menashe Business Mercantile Ltd v William Hill Organization Ltd	Menashe Business Mercantile Ltd. & Anor v William Hill Organization Ltd. [2002] EWCA Civ 1702 was a patent case regarding Internet usage. The case addressed a European patent covering the United Kingdom for an invention referred to as "Interactive, computerized gaming system with remote control". Menashe sued William Hill, claiming that William Hill was infringing the patent by operating an online gaming system. William Hill's defence argued that it did not infringe the patent because the server on which it operated the system was located outside of the UK, in Antigua or Curaçao. Although accepting that their supply of software was in the UK and that this was an essential part of the invention, they further argued that the patent was for the parts of the system, and as one essential part of the system was not located in the UK, there could be no infringement. This aspect of William Hill's case was tried at a preliminary issue before Mr. Justice Jacob in the High Court in 2002. Mr. Justice Jacob found against William Hill holding that the patent related to the entire system, being the sum of all its elements. Simply locating one part of the system abroad did not prevent infringement when the result was still providing UK punters with the system's benefits. The Court's ruling took a broad interpretation, concentrating on the spirit and intention of patent protection and not confining itself to the linguistic construction of the law which developed before the advent of the Internet. Lord Justice Aldous heard the appeal and while he maintained the result of the judgment of the Patents Court, the reasoning was very different and was based upon where the invention was being "used". The claimed invention required there to be a host or server computer. According to the judgment, it did not matter where the host computer was situated. It could be in the United Kingdom, on a satellite, or even on the border between two countries. Its location was not important to the user of the invention nor to the claimed gaming system. In that respect, there was a real difference between the claimed gaming system and an ordinary machine. The judge therefore believed that it would be wrong to apply the old ideas of location to inventions of the type under consideration. A person who is situated in the United Kingdom who obtains in the United Kingdom a CD and then uses his terminal to address a host computer is not bothered where the host computer is located. It is of no relevance to him, the user, nor the patentee as to whether or not it is situated in the United Kingdom. If the host computer is situated in Antigua and the terminal computer is in the United Kingdom, it is pertinent to ask who uses the claimed gaming system. The answer must be the punter. Where does he use it? There can be no doubt that he uses his terminal in the United Kingdom and it is not a misuse of language to say that he uses the host computer in the United Kingdom. It is the input to and output of the host computer that is important to the punter and in a real sense the punter uses the host computer in the United Kingdom even though it is situated in Antigua and operates in Antigua. In those circumstances it is not straining the word "use" to conclude that the United Kingdom punter will use the claimed gaming system in the United Kingdom, even if the host computer is situated in, say, Antigua. Thus the supply of the CD in the United Kingdom to the United Kingdom punter will be intended to put the invention into effect in the United Kingdom. See also Software patents under United Kingdom patent law External links Full Text of Judgements on BAILII: First Instance: Appeal: United Kingdom patent case law Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases 2002 in case law 2002 in British law William Hill (bookmaker)
4012803	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%20Salvadoran%20legislative%20election	1972 Salvadoran legislative election	Legislative elections were held in El Salvador on 12 March 1972. The result was a victory for the National Conciliation Party, which won 39 of the 52 seats. However, the election was marred by massive fraud and the Central Election Council disqualified the candidates of the opposition National Opposing Union (an alliance of the Christian Democratic Party, the National Revolutionary Movement and the Nationalist Democratic Union) in five out of fourteen constituencies. Voter turnout was 56.7%. Results References Bibliography Political Handbook of the world, 1972. New York, 1973. Caldera T., Hilda. 1983. Historia del Partido Demócrata Cristiano de El Salvador. Tegucigalpa: Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Políticos. El Salvador. Presidencia. Departamento de Relaciones Públicas. 1972. Elecciones del 72: 20 de febrero, 12 de marzo. San Salvador: Departamento de Relaciones Públicas, Casa Presidencial. Montgomery, Tommie Sue. 1995. Revolution in El Salvador: from civil strife to civil peace. Boulder: Westview. Webre, Stephen. 1979. José Napoleón Duarte and the Christian Democratic Party in Salvadoran Politics 1960-1972. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. White, Alastair. 1973. El Salvador. New York: Praeger Publishers. Williams, Philip J. and Knut Walter. 1997. Militarization and demilitarization in El Salvador's transition to democracy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. El Salvador 1972 in El Salvador 1972 elections in Central America
4012809	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%20Salvadoran%20legislative%20election	1970 Salvadoran legislative election	Legislative elections were held in El Salvador on 8 March 1970. The result was a victory for the National Conciliation Party, which won 34 of the 52 seats. However, the election was marred by massive fraud. Voter turnout was just 41.6%. Results References Bibliography Political Handbook of the world, 1970. New York, 1971. Anderson, Thomas P. 1988. Politics in Central America: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. New York: Praeger. Revised edition. Caldera T., Hilda. 1983. Historia del Partido Demócrata Cristiano de El Salvador. Tegucigalpa: Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Políticos. Eguizábal, Cristina. 1984. "El Salvador: elecciones sin democracia." Polemica (Costa Rica) 14/15:16-33 (marzo-junio 1984). Haggerty, Richard A., ed. 1990. El Salvador, a country study. Washington: Library of Congress, Federal Research Division. Herman, Edward S. and Frank Brodhead. 1984. Demonstration elections: U.S.-staged elections in the Dominican Republic, Vietnam, and El Salvador. Boston: South End Press. Montgomery, Tommie Sue. 1995. Revolution in El Salvador: from civil strife to civil peace. Boulder: Westview. Webre, Stephen. 1979. José Napoleón Duarte and the Christian Democratic Party in Salvadoran Politics 1960-1972. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. White, Alastair. 1973. El Salvador. New York: Praeger Publishers. Williams, Philip J. and Knut Walter. 1997. Militarization and demilitarization in El Salvador's transition to democracy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. El Salvador Elections in El Salvador 1970 in El Salvador
4012832	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Must%20Believe%20in%20Magic	We Must Believe in Magic	We Must Believe in Magic is the fourth studio album by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. Released on June 24, 1977, it became her highest selling album, reaching #2 on the Billboard Country Albums chart and #12 on the main Billboard album chart (her first album to enter the main chart and her only album to make the Top 30 there to date). It was certified platinum by the RIAA in 1978. The album also has the distinction of being the first platinum album recorded by a female artist in country music. It was also Gayle's first album to chart in the UK, where it reached #15, and was certified silver by the BPI. In the Netherlands, it stayed on the charts for two weeks and peaked at #29. The album contains Gayle's huge international chart hit "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue", which was not only her third #1 Country chart hit, but also reached #2 on the Billboard 100, becoming her biggest hit. Another track, "River Road", charted at #64 on the Country Singles chart when it appeared on the Favorites compilation album in 1980. Track listing Charts Production Produced by Allen Reynolds Engineered by Garth Fundis Personnel Gene Chrisman, Jimmy Isbell, Kenny Malone – drums, percussion Joe Allen, Mike Leech – bass guitar David Kirby, Johnny Christopher, Jimmy Colvard, Reggie Young, Allen Reynolds – guitars Lloyd Green – steel guitar Bobby Wood, Hargus "Pig" Robbins – keyboards Charles Cochran - keyboards, string and horn arrangements Shane Keister – synthesizers New Grass Revival, The Trolleycar Band – special effects Buddy Spicher, Sam Bush – fiddle Courtney Johnson – banjo Billy Puett – flute, clarinet Carl Gorodetsky, Gary Vanosdale, George Binkley, Lennie Haight, Marvin Chantry, Roy Christensen, Sheldon Kurland – strings Janie Fricke, Marcia Routh, Pebble Daniel, Sandy Mason Theoret, Garth Fundis – backing vocals References External links "We Must Believe in Magic" at discogs Crystal Gayle albums 1977 albums Albums produced by Allen Reynolds United Artists Records albums
4012839	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlining%20Institute	Greenlining Institute	The Greenlining Institute is a public policy, research, and advocacy non-profit organization based in Oakland, California. They seek to advance economic opportunity and empowerment for people of color through advocacy, community and coalition building, research, and leadership development. History The Greenlining Institute was established by African American, Asian American, and Latino American community leaders in 1993 to fight injustice, increase the participation of people of color in policymaking, and encourage successful investment by corporate America into these communities. Rather than just fighting redlining, the illegal practice of denying services to certain communities, greenlining is the proactive effort of bringing profitable investments and services to communities that have been left behind. The Greenlining Institute was founded on the principle of wealth creation, with a strong belief that diversity makes business sense and leads to greater effectiveness. Policy Issues Philanthropy-related activities In 2005, Greenlining began researching the philanthropic giving patterns of California's largest foundations and found very low investment in non-profit organizations led by people of color. According to the US Census, California's communities of color comprise over 50% of the state's population—making it a majority-minority state. Greenlining found that philanthropic giving did not reflect California's population. Greenlining's introduced AB 624, which was a piece of “sunshine” legislation that would have require large foundations operating in California to gather and disclose pertinent diversity data. AB 624 would not have required foundations to invest in minority communities, and it would not have created racial quotas for grant-making and employment. This legislation was an attempt to get foundations to disclose data related to diversity on an annual basis. The bill was ultimately withdrawn. Opposition to Uber The Greenlining Institute opposed the expansion of Uber into Oakland, California due to concerns that it would cause displacement of residents and gentrification. Community reinvestment Greenlining's Community Reinvestment program works with banks and other financial institutions to equitably execute the Community Reinvestment Act. References External links Greenlining Institute website "California’s Greenlining Institute: Arm-Twisting for Financial Affirmative Action" - criticism of the Greenlining Institute by the conservative Capital Research Center Non-profit organizations based in California 1993 establishments in California
4012846	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization%20%28image%20processing%29	Normalization (image processing)	In image processing, normalization is a process that changes the range of pixel intensity values. Applications include photographs with poor contrast due to glare, for example. Normalization is sometimes called contrast stretching or histogram stretching. In more general fields of data processing, such as digital signal processing, it is referred to as dynamic range expansion. The purpose of dynamic range expansion in the various applications is usually to bring the image, or other type of signal, into a range that is more familiar or normal to the senses, hence the term normalization. Often, the motivation is to achieve consistency in dynamic range for a set of data, signals, or images to avoid mental distraction or fatigue. For example, a newspaper will strive to make all of the images in an issue share a similar range of grayscale. Normalization transforms an n-dimensional grayscale image with intensity values in the range , into a new image with intensity values in the range . The linear normalization of a grayscale digital image is performed according to the formula For example, if the intensity range of the image is 50 to 180 and the desired range is 0 to 255 the process entails subtracting 50 from each of pixel intensity, making the range 0 to 130. Then each pixel intensity is multiplied by 255/130, making the range 0 to 255. Normalization might also be non linear, this happens when there isn't a linear relationship between and . An example of non-linear normalization is when the normalization follows a sigmoid function, in that case, the normalized image is computed according to the formula Where defines the width of the input intensity range, and defines the intensity around which the range is centered. Auto-normalization in image processing software typically normalizes to the full dynamic range of the number system specified in the image file format. See also Audio normalization, audio analog Histogram equalization References External links Contrast Stretching Image processing
4012848	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex%20Vindobonensis%20795	Codex Vindobonensis 795	The Codex Vindobonensis 795 (Vienna Austrian National Library Codex) is a 9th-century manuscript, most likely compiled in 798 or shortly thereafter (after Arno of Salzburg returned from Rome to become archbishop). It contains letters and treatises by Alcuin, including a discussion of the Gothic alphabet. It also contains a description of the Old English runes. The Codex Vindobonensis 795 is a collection of letters of Alcuin, as compiled by Arno of Salzburg; it also contains two texts about the topography of Rome, particularly its shrines: the Notitia ecclesiarium urbis Romae (Notice of the church of the city of Rome) and the De locks sanctis martyrum quae sunt foris civitatis Romae (The locks of the holy martyrs outside the city of Rome), neither of which were written by Alcuin. The manuscript seems to be an attempt to imagine the reconstruction of Rome, as it also contains correspondence between Arno and Alcuin about the rebuilding of the monastery of St. Stephen's at St. Paul's as well as commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. References Further reading Ebbinghaus, Ernst A.: The Gotica of Codex Vindobonensis 795 (in: Germanic studies in honor of Otto Springer [ed.: Stephen J. Kaplowitt], Pittsburgh [K&S Enterprises] 1978, pp. 93–102). Ebbinghaus, Ernst A.: Gotica XIX, GL 23:1 (1983) 48-50 [pp. 48–49 on folium 20 of Codex Vindobonensis]. Rotsaert, Marie-Louise: Per una definizione delle fonti gotiche del Codex Vindobonensis 795 - appunti metodologici (in: Patrizia Lendinara & Lucio Melazzo [eds.]: Feor ond neah [memorial volume Augusto Scaffidi Abbate], Palermo [università] 1983 [= Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Studi e ricerche 3]. 9th-century manuscripts Runic manuscripts Manuscripts of the Austrian National Library Anglo-Saxon runes
4012852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Kemp%20%28Egyptologist%29	Barry Kemp (Egyptologist)	Barry John Kemp, (born 14 May 1940) is an English archaeologist and Egyptologist. He is Professor Emeritus of Egyptology at the University of Cambridge and directing excavations at Amarna in Egypt. His widely renowned book Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation is a core text of Egyptology and many Ancient History courses. Early life and education Kemp was born on 14 May 1940. He studied Egyptology at the University of Liverpool, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1962. Academic career In 1962, Kemp joined the University of Cambridge an assistant lecturer. He was promoted to lecturer in 1969, Reader in Egyptology in 1990, and made Professor of Egyptology in 2005. He was also a Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge from 1990 to 2007. He retired from full-time academia in 2007, and was made professor emeritus. Since 2008, he has been a senior fellow of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at Cambridge. From 1977 until 2008, he has been the director of excavation and archaeological survey at Amarna for the Egypt Exploration Society. He continues his research of the Amarna Period of ancient Egypt as director of the Amarna Project and secretary of the Amarna Trust. He has also contributed to many highly regarded and widely used Egyptology texts, including Civilisations of the Ancient Near East, edited by Jack Sasson. He is a co-author of Bruce Trigger's Ancient Egypt: A Social History, which incorporates the work of many leading Egyptologists and addresses recent trends in the subject. Kemp states to be interested in developing a holistic picture of Ancient Egyptian society rather than focussing on the elite culture that dominates the archaeological record: "This holistic approach involves explaining the present appearance of the site in terms of all the agencies at work..." Honours Kemp was elected Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1992. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services to archaeology, education and international relations in Egypt. Publications References External links English Egyptologists Living people Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Fellows of the British Academy Academics of the University of Cambridge Fellows of Wolfson College, Cambridge 1940 births
4012853	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20I%20Dream	When I Dream	When I Dream is the fifth studio album by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. It was released on June 2, 1978 at the height of her career. It was her second consecutive #2 country album on the Billboard charts. Two singles from the album reached #1 on the Country Singles chart: "Talking in Your Sleep" (also a Top 20 Pop hit) and "Why Have You Left the One You Left Me For". The title song, "When I Dream", is a longer re-recorded version of a song that appeared originally on her 1975 debut album Crystal Gayle, and reached #3. A fourth single, "Heart Mender", peaked at #58. "Hello I Love You" was featured in the 1982 movie, Six Pack, starring Kenny Rogers, Erin Gray and Diane Lane. The album achieved a gold disc the year it was released but was certified platinum by the RIAA in 1982. It was also Gayle's second album to chart in the UK, where it reached #25, and was awarded a silver disc by the BPI. Track listing Personnel Crystal Gayle - vocals Biff Watson, Billy Sanford, David Kirby, Johnny Christopher, Ray Edenton, Reggie Young, Rod Smarr, Sonny Curtis - guitar Bob Moore, Joe Allen, Mike Leech, Richard "Spady" Brannan, Tommy Cogbill - bass Lloyd Green - steel guitar, resonator guitar Chris Leuzinger - slide guitar Bobby Emmons, Bobby Wood, Charles Cochran, Dwight Scott, Hargus "Pig" Robbins, Richard Durrett - keyboards Cindy Reynolds - harp Gene Chrisman, Jimmy Isbell, Kenny Malone, Vic Mastrianni - drums, percussion Production Produced by Allen Reynolds Recorded by Garth Fundis Engineered by John Donegan Mastering: Glenn Meadows Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References Crystal Gayle albums 1978 albums Albums produced by Allen Reynolds United Artists Records albums
4012858	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALS162%20time%20signal	ALS162 time signal	ALS162 is a French longwave time signal and standard-frequency radio station and is used for the dissemination of the Metropolitan French national legal time to the public. TéléDiffusion de France broadcast the ALS162 time signal, provided by LNE-SYRTE and LNE-LTFB time laboratories under ANFR (state body for radio frequencies) responsibility, from the Allouis longwave transmitter at 162 kHz, with a power of 800 kW. The current time signal is generated by extremely accurate caesium atomic clocks and phase-modulated on the 162 kHz ( wavelength) carrier signal in a way that is inaudible when listening to the signal using normal Longwave receivers. The ALS162 phase-modulated time signal service requires a more complex receiver than the popular German DCF77 amplitude-modulated time signal service, but the much more powerful transmitter (16 times DCF77's 50 kW) gives it a much greater range of 3,500 km. The signal transmission is almost continuous, but there is a regularly scheduled interruption for maintenance and tests every Tuesday morning from 08:00 to 12:00. The transmitter building contains two caesium atomic clocks which are used to generate the time signal and which are monitored through the SYREF system and GPS common-view measurements, to align with the official French UTC(OP) time scale. The ALS162 time signal exactitude should be in excess of 1 millisecond uncertainty. The monitoring of the ALS162 signal is jointly conducted by LNE-SYRTE, LNE-LTFB and the trade body France Horlogerie and measurement results are published in real time. Monthly monitoring bulletins, like H 649 of the ALS162 signal regarding January 2022 measurements, show if the exactitude goals were met. The time signal is critical for over 300,000 devices (clocks in public places, information panels, traffic lights, public lighting, parking meters, etc.) deployed within French enterprises and state entities, such as French Railways (SNCF), electricity distributor Enedis, airports, hospitals, municipalities, etc. which depend on the signal in France and abroad. History Call sign The transmitter was previously known as TDF, FI or France Inter because the signal was formerly best known for radio broadcasting the France Inter AM signal. The transmission of audio (sound) signal ceased at the end of 2016, but the Allouis transmitter remains in use for the dissemination of the time signal and other digital signals. As of 2017 the transmitter has been renamed to ALS162. The call sign ALS162 stands for ALS = Allouis transmitter, 162 = frequency: 162 kHz. Technical evolution In 1977, the current phase-modulated time signal was added to the transmissions. The broadcast frequency, formerly 164 kHz, was changed to 163.840 kHz (the 5th harmonic of the common 32,768 Hz timekeeping frequency used by most quartz clocks) to be a more convenient frequency standard. In 1980, the first atomic clock was installed to regulate the carrier frequency. On 1 February 1986, the frequency was changed to its current value of 162 kHz (still an accurately controlled frequency standard) to bring it to a multiple of 9 kHz in accordance with the Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975. Before 2017 the period used for scheduled signal interruptions for maintenance and tests was on Tuesday from 01:03 to 05:00. Power output The signal was formerly 1,000 kW and increased to 2,000 kW in 1981, but has been reduced to 1,500 kW in 2011, 1,100 kW in 2017 and subsequently to 800 kW in February 2020 for cost savings. Signal format TéléDiffusion de France (TDF) uses an amplitude modulated longwave transmitter station. Time signals are transmitted by phase-modulating the carrier by ±1 radian in 0.1 s every second except the 59th second of each minute. This modulation pattern is repeated to indicate a binary one. The binary encoding of date and time data during seconds 15 through 18 and 20 through 59 is identical to that of DCF77; the numbers of the minute, hour, day of the month, day of the week, month and year are transmitted each minute from the 21st to the 58th second, in accordance with the French legal time scale. The time transmitted is the local time of the upcoming minute. Also like DCF77, bit 20 is always 1, bit 18 indicates that local time is UTC+1 (CET), bit 17 indicates that local time is UTC+2 (CEST), and bit 16 indicates that a change to local time will take place at the end of the current hour. Bit 15 is reserved to indicate abnormal transmitter operation. As extensions to the DCF77 code, bit 14 is set during public holidays (14 July, Christmas, etc.), and bit 13 is set the day before public holidays. Bits 7–12 are unused and always transmitted as 0. Bits 3 through 6 provide additional error checking; they encode the total number of bits set (the Hamming weight of) bits 21 through 58. Because this includes the even parity bits, the sum is always even. Also, although there are 38 bits in that range, they may not all be set. The possible values are even numbers from 4 (on Tuesday 2000-01-04 at 00:00) through 24 (on Sunday 2177-07-27 at 17:37). Unlike DCF77, bit 19 is not used for leap second warnings, but is always zero. Instead, bit 1 is used to warn of a positive leap second at the end of the current hour, and bit 2 is used to warn of a (very unlikely) negative leap second. In case of a leap second, an additional zero bit is inserted between bits 2 and 3. This is supposed to be inserted at 23:59:03, during minute 59 of the hour (during which the timestamp for minute :00 is transmitted), so that the minute markers are all broadcast at the correct times, but for the leap second at the end of December 2016, it was apparently inserted at 23:58:03. The ALS162 transmitted carrier frequency relative uncertainty is 2 × 10−12 over a 24-hour period and 1 × 10−13 over 30 days. Phase modulation pattern One signal element consists of the phase of the carrier shifted linearly by +1 rad in 25 ms (known as "ramp A"), then shifted linearly by −2 rad over 50 ms ("ramp B"), then shifted linearly again by +1 rad for another 25 ms ("ramp C"), returning the phase to zero. One signal element is always sent at each second between 0 and 58. Two signal elements are sent in sequence to represent a binary one; otherwise it is interpreted as binary zero. During ramp B of the initial signal element, the exact point the signal phase is at zero represents the top of the UTC second. Since the phase is the integral of the frequency, this triangular phase modulation at 40 rad/s corresponds to a square frequency modulation with a deviation of 20/π ≈ 6.37 Hz. Both the average phase and the average frequency deviation are thus zero. Additional non-timing data is sent by phase modulation during the rest of each second. But the second marker (and data bit) is always preceded by 100 ms without any phase modulation. The signal is not phase-modulated at all during the 59th second past the minute. See also Loop antenna Allouis longwave transmitter, the facility used for its transmission. TéléDiffusion de France (also known as the TDF Group) References Sources David L. Mills, Information on Time and Frequency — Time and Standard Frequency Station TDF (France) Funkuhren—Vergleich DCF77 mit TDF ("Clocks—Compare DCF77 with TDF") Includes a map showing the different reception ranges. http://pagesperso-orange.fr/tvignaud/am/allouis/allouis-heure.htm Signaux Horaires Description of the TDF signal and a working receiver. An example (with video) of the TDF time signal being received. Time signal radio stations fr:Émetteur d'Allouis
4012859	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman%20IV%2C%20Duke%20of%20Swabia	Herman IV, Duke of Swabia	Herman IV (c. 1015-July 1038) was the Duke of Swabia (1030–1038). He was the second son of Ernest I and Gisela of Swabia. He was one of the Babenberg dukes of Swabia. Herman became duke in 1030 following the death of his older brother Ernest II. At the time he was still a minor. Seven years later, his stepfather, the Emperor Conrad II, married him to Adelaide of Susa, the marchioness of Turin, in January 1037. Herman was then invested as margrave of Turin. In July of the next year, while campaigning with Conrad in Southern Italy, he was struck down by an epidemic near Naples. Conrad then transferred rule of the duchy of Swabia to his own son, Henry I, while Adelaide remarried to Henry of Montferrat. He was buried in Trento Cathedral on 28 July 1038, because the summer heat made it impossible to bring his corpse back to Germany. Because of a late Austrian source, Herman is sometimes mistakenly said to have had children. This was not the case. Herman was on campaign for much of his short marriage to Adelaide and he died without heirs. References Sources 'Hermann IV., Hzg. v. Schwaben,' in: Lexikon des Mittelalters (LexMA), vol. 4 (Munich and Zürich, 1989), cols. 2161–2162. D. Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten (Marburg, 1978). S. Hellmann, Die Grafen von Savoyen und das Reich: bis zum Ende der staufischen Periode (Innsbruck, 1900), accessible online (but without page numbers) at: Genealogie Mittelalter External links Hermann IV, Herzog von Schwaben (1030-1038), Markgraf von Turin-Susa (1036-1038) (in German) 1010s births 1038 deaths Dukes of Swabia Babenberg Year of birth uncertain
4012860	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol%20Lambrino	Carol Lambrino	Mircea Grigore Carol Hohenzollern (born Mircea Grigore Carol Lambrino; 8 January 1920 – 27 January 2006), also known as Prince Mircea Grigore Carol al României (anglicised as: of Romania) according to his amended Romanian birth certificate or as Carol Lambrino (), was the elder son of King Carol II of Romania. Early life Carol Lambrino was born in Bucharest as son of Crown Prince Carol of Romania and his first wife, Zizi Lambrino. At the time of his birth he was registered with the name Mircea Grigore Carol Lambrino. He was named by his father after his youngest brother Prince Mircea of Romania who died in 1916. His grandfather King Ferdinand forced the annulment of his parents' marriage in January 1919 in the Supreme Court of Romania and Carol was born outside the 300-day period allowed to permit legitimacy, on 8 January 1920. The legality of the annulment has been questioned. After his birth, Carol and his mother were forced to leave Romania and settled in Paris. During his younger years and his reign, including during his personal dictatorship (1938–1940) when he held absolute power in Romania, King Carol II recognized his first-born Mircea Carol as a prince on several occasions. One of these situations was a letter published on the front page by the Romanian daily newspaper Epoca (17 January 1920). Signed by Crown Prince Carol, the document is a statement in which the future king recognized his paternity of Princess Ioana's baby. Legitimisation After the death of his father, former King Carol II, in Portugal, 4 April 1953, Carol claimed the right to inherit some of his father's estate in accordance with Portuguese law. In order to do so, it was necessary to prove that he was his father's legitimate son. On April 2, 1955, a Portuguese court ruled that Carol was the legitimate first-born son of King Carol II and allowed him to claim the surname Hohenzollern in place of Lambrino. On 6 March 1957, the Portuguese ruling was recognised in France by an Exequatur of the Tribunal of the Grande Instance of Paris. This allowed Carol rights of inheritance to his father's French properties. Carol's younger half-brother Michael appealed this ruling which was upheld by the Court of Cassation, 8 January 1963. In October 1995 a Romanian court ruled that Carol was the legitimate son of King Carol II. His half-brother, Michael, appealed this ruling, but lost the case in an upper court of appeal in 1999. In March 2002, the Supreme Court of Romania ruled that there should be a retrial, and in July 2002 a lower court ruled again in Carol's favour. Michael again appealed, and in January 2003 he again lost the appeal. Michael again appealed in December 2003. Carol visited Bucharest in November 2005. That was the first time he went to Romania after he had attended the funeral of his grandmother Queen Marie in 1938. Two months later, Carol died in London. He was buried in Romania after a funeral held at the Cozia Monastery. He never claimed the defunct throne of Romania, unlike his son Paul. Marriages and children Carol was married three times: His first marriage was on 22 March 1948 in Paris to Hélène Henriette Nagavitzine, known as opera singer Léna Pastor (26 May 1925 – December 1998), with whom he had one son before divorcing in 1958: Paul-Philippe Hohenzollern (13 August 1948) he married Lia Georgia Triff in 1996. They have one son. His second marriage was to Jeanne Williams (15 November 1930 in Nashville, Tennessee – 5 June 1988 in Rutland, Vermont) on 20 December 1960 in Paris, with whom he had one son before divorcing in 1977: Ion George Nicholas Alexander Lambrino (born 1 September 1961) His third wife was Antonia Colville (29 May 1939 in Bracken, Church Crookham, Hampshire – 13 June 2007), the great granddaughter of Charles Colville, 1st Viscount Colville of Culross at Fulham Town Hall on 27 June 1984, without issue. Carol and his third wife settled in Parsons Green and led a quiet life. References External links "HRH Prince Carol of Romania" The Daily Telegraph, 9 Feb 2006. (Obituary) Website of Prince Carol's son Paul 1920 births 2006 deaths Pretenders to the Romanian throne Nobility from Bucharest Romanian princes House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen Romanian emigrants to France
4012871	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna%20Codex	Vienna Codex	Several codices are known simply as "Vienna Codex" in certain fields: Codex Vindobonensis 795, a 9th-century manuscript that contains letters and treatises by Alcuin, including a discussion of the Gothic alphabet and a description of the Anglo-Saxon futhorc Vienna Codex (Hungarian) (1450) Vienna Codex (Aztec) Vienna Dioscurides, an early 6th-century illuminated manuscript of De Materia Medica by Dioscorides in Greek
4012872	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwiga%20Tar%C5%82o-Mniszech	Jadwiga Tarło-Mniszech	Jadwiga Tarło-Mniszech (b. between 1560 and 1570 – 1629) was a Polish noblewoman in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Coat of arms – Topór. Married Jerzy Mniszech (died 1613) who was Krajczy koronny in 1574, castellan of Radom in 1583, Voivode of Sandomierz in 1590, żupnik of Ruthenia, starost of Lwów in 1593, starost of Sambor, Sokal, Sanok and Rohatyn. Children Marina Mniszech (c. 1588–1614) Urszula Mniszech (b. 1603) Eufrozyna Mniszech Anna Mniszech Stanisław Bonifacy Mniszech (d. 1644) Stefan Jan Mniszech Franciszek Bernard Mniszech Mikołaj Mniszech (1587 -1613) – starosta łukowski Zygmunt Mniszech Bibliography Andrzej Andrusiewicz, Dzieje Dymitriad 1602 – 1614, t. I, II, Warszawa 1990. Andrzej Andrusiewicz, Dzieje Wielkiej Smuty, Katowice 1999. Wojciech Polak, O Kreml i Smoleńszczyznę. Polityka Rzeczypospolitej wobec Moskwy w latach 1607–1612 Toruń 1995. Henryk Wisner, Król i car. Rzeczpospolita i Moskwa w XVI i XVII w., Warszawa 1995 Andrzej Grzegorz Przepiórka, Od Staroduba do Moskwy. Działania wojsk Dymitra II Samozwańca w latach 1607–1608. Zabrze 2007. Stanisław Żółkiewski, Początek i progres wojny moskiewskiej, opr. J. Maciszewski, Warszawa 1966. Zbigniew Wójcik, Historia powszechna XVI-XVII wieku, Warszawa 1968, s. 310. Diariusz drogi spisanej i różnych przypadków pociesznych i żałosnych prowadząc córkę Jerzego Mniszka, Marynę, Dymitrowi Iwanowiczowi w roku 1606; Stanisław Niemojewski; Warszawa; 2006. 16th-century births Jadwiga Mniszech family Year of birth missing Year of death missing
4012878	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20Execution%20System	Virtual Execution System	The Virtual Execution System (VES) is a run-time system of the Common Language Infrastructure CLI which provides an environment for executing managed code. It provides direct support for a set of built-in data types, defines a hypothetical machine with an associated machine model and state, a set of control flow constructs, and an exception handling model. To a large extent, the purpose of the VES is to provide the support required to execute the Common Intermediate Language CIL instruction set. Implementations The Common Language Runtime (CLR) implements the VES as defined in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard. Other notable implementations of the CLI such as Mono and Portable.NET include their own VES implementations. The .NET Micro Framework includes the .NET Micro Framework Interpreter as their VES implementation. See also Native Image Generator Application domain Stack-based virtual machines
4012894	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HttpUnit	HttpUnit	HttpUnit is an open-source software testing framework used to perform testing of web sites without the need for a web browser. HttpUnit supports HTML form submission, JavaScript, HTTP basic access authentication, automatic page redirection, and cookies. Written in Java, HttpUnit allows Java test code to process returned pages as text, XML DOM, or containers of forms, tables and links. HttpUnit is well suited to be used in combination with JUnit, in order to easily write tests that verify the proper behaviour of a web site. The use of HttpUnit allows for automated testing of web applications and as a result, assists in regression testing. See also Software performance testing Performance Engineering Software HtmlUnit References Further reading External links HttpUnit Java platform Unit testing frameworks
4012898	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastatic%20calcification	Metastatic calcification	Metastatic calcification is deposition of calcium salts in otherwise normal tissue, because of elevated serum levels of calcium, which can occur because of deranged metabolism as well as increased absorption or decreased excretion of calcium and related minerals, as seen in hyperparathyroidism. In contrast, dystrophic calcification is caused by abnormalities or degeneration of tissues resulting in mineral deposition, though blood levels of calcium remain normal. These differences in pathology also mean that metastatic calcification is often found in many tissues throughout a person or animal, whereas dystrophic calcification is localized. Metastatic calcification can occur widely throughout the body but principally affects the interstitial tissues of the vasculature, kidneys, lungs, and gastric mucosa. For the latter three, acid secretions or rapid changes in pH levels contribute to the formation of salts. Causes Hypercalcemia, elevated blood calcium, has numerous causes, including Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone due to hyperparathyroidism, leading to bone resorption and subsequent hypercalcemia by reducing phosphate concentration. Secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein by certain tumors. Resorption of bone due to Primary bone marrow tumors (e.g. multiple myeloma and leukemia) Metastasis of other tumors, breast cancer for example, to bone. Paget disease Immobilization Vitamin D related disorders Vitamin D intoxication Williams syndrome (increased sensitivity to vitamin D) Sarcoidosis Kidney failure References Histopathology
4012907	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diggle%2C%20Greater%20Manchester	Diggle, Greater Manchester	Diggle is a village in the civil parish of the Saddleworth in Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. The village is situated on the moorlands of the Pennine hills. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is located at one end of the restored Standedge Canal Tunnel, Britain's longest, deepest and highest canal tunnel. In the village there is a listed building, the Gate pub and a post office/off-licence. Diggle is home to Diggle F.C., an FA registered amateur football club which plays its home games at Churchill Playing Fields, Uppermill. It competes in the Huddersfield and District Association Football League. History The name "Diggle" comes from the Saxon word degle meaning "valley". Like many of the Saddleworth villages, it traces its history back to a collection of hamlets. Transport A railway line that connects Manchester to Huddersfield and Leeds runs through Diggle. There used to be a local railway station in the village, which opened in 1849, but it was one of many to go in the Beeching era, closing in 1963. The nearest stations to Diggle are in Greenfield and Marsden in Yorkshire. Diggle is served by the 184 and 356 bus services. The 184 is run by First Greater Manchester between Oldham and Huddersfield hourly in both directions Monday to Saturdays with the 184 running every 2 hours on Sunday. Diggle is also served by the 356 which runs between Oldham and Ashton-under-Lyne via Denshaw, Uppermill, Greenfield, Mossley and Stalybridge with service up to every hour on Weekdays and Saturdays and every 2 hours on Sundays. See also Listed buildings in Saddleworth References Diggle Towns and villages of the Peak District Geography of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham Saddleworth
4012911	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahendran%20%28filmmaker%29	Mahendran (filmmaker)	J. Alexander (25 July 1939 – 2 April 2019), known professionally as Mahendran, was an Indian film director, screenwriter and actor, known for his work in the Tamil film industry. Mahendran is regarded as one of the greatest film makers of Tamil cinema and has influenced several filmmakers of the generations that followed. Mahendran entered the film industry as a screenwriter, writing scripts for nearly 26 films. He made an immediate impact with his first directional venture Mullum Malarum (1978). Mahendran's next film Uthiripookkal, based on a short story written by Pudumaipithan, firmly established him as an important filmmaker in Tamil cinema. His Nenjathai Killathe won three National Film Awards including the award for the best regional film. He has also acted in films during the latter part of his film career, including Kamaraj (2004), Theri (2016), Nimir (2018) and Petta (2019). Biography Mahendran was born on 25 July 1939 to Joseph Chelliah, a teacher and Manonmani. Mahendran did his schooling in Ilayangudi and completed his intermediate at American College, Madurai. Later he joined Alagappa Government Arts College to do a Bachelor of Arts in Economics. During his college days, he was very active in stage plays. It was during that time when M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) was invited as the chief guest for the college day during which Mahendran gave a speech that directly criticized the commercial elements that existed in cinema. Impressed by his speech M.G.R. praised Mahendran and said that he could become a good critic. After completing his degree, he went to Madras to study law. Seven months after joining the course he had to discontinue due to financial concerns. He then decided to go back to Ilayangud. However, on the insistence of Karaikudi Kannappa Valliappan he joined Inamuzhakkam, a periodical as a journalist. It was during this time he met M.G.R. again and he was asked to write the screenplay of Ponniyin Selvan after the former decided to make a film based on the story. The idea of developing the screenplay into a film got delayed, and M.G.R. asked Mahendran to write a story for his drama troupe. Mahendran wrote a script titled Anaadhaigal. M.G.R. decided to make a film based in the play. He named the film Vaazhve Vaa and acted in the lead role alongside Savitri. The project got shelved after three days of shooting. Soon M.G.R. acted in a film called Kaanchi Thalaivan and he recommended Mahendran to the director to make him an assistant. Mahendran made his breakthrough as a screenwriter for the film Naam Moovar in 1966. After the success of the film he got more offers from the same banner and worked in films like Sabaash Thambi and Panakkara Pillai, both released in the subsequent years. He also wrote the script for Nirakudam starring Sivaji Ganesan. He announced that he was working on a new film in 2014 starring newcomers, for which Ilaiyaraaja would score music. He also worked as an actor in the films Kamaraj (2004), Theri (2016), and Nimir (2018). Mahendran died on 2 April 2019, at the age of 79. Awards Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil – Mullum Malarum (1978) Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil – Uthiripookkal (1979) National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Nenjathai Killathe (1980) IIFA Utsavam Best actor for Performance in a negative role – Theri (2016) Filmography References External links 1939 births 2019 deaths Film directors from Tamil Nadu Indian Tamil people Tamil film directors Filmfare Awards South winners People from Sivaganga district 20th-century Indian film directors 21st-century Indian film directors Tamil screenwriters Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu 20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights 21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
4012912	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salome%20%28software%29	Salome (software)	SALOME is a multi-platform open source (LGPL-2.1-or-later) scientific computing environment, allowing the realization of industrial studies of physics simulations. This platform, developed by a partnership between EDF and CEA, sets up an environment for the various stages of a study to be carried out: from the creation of the CAD model and the mesh to the post-processing and visualization of the results, including the sequence of calculation schemes. Other functionalities such as uncertainty treatment, data assimilation are also implemented. SALOME does not contain a physics solver but it provides the computing environment necessary for their integration. The SALOME environnement serves as a basis for the creation of disciplinary platforms, such as salome_meca (containing code_aster), salome_cfd (with code_saturne) and SALOME-HYDRO (with TELEMAC-MASCARET). It is also possible to create tools for specific applications (for example civil engineering, fast dynamics in pipes or rotating machines, available in salome_meca) whose specialized graphical interface ifacilitate the performance of a study. In addition to using SALOME through its graphical interface, most of the functionalities are available through a Python API. SALOME is available on its official website. A SALOME Users’ Day takes place every year, featuring presentations on studies performed with SALOME in several application domains, either at EDF, CEA or elsewhere. The presentations of previous editions are available on the official website. History and consortium The development of SALOME started around the year 2000 by a 9-sided partnership, including EDF, CEA and Open Cascade. The SALOME acronym means “Numerical Simulation by Computing Architecture in Open Source and with Evolving Methodology” (in French, « Simulation numérique par Architecture Logicielle en Open source et à Méthodologie d'Évolution »). Since 2020, the partnership focuses on industrial applications in the energy domain and is formed by EDF and CEA. The MED format The MED format (Modèle d’Échange des Données in French, for Data Exchange Model) is a specialization of the HDF5 standard. It is jointly owned by EDF and CEA. MED is SALOME's data exchange model. The MED data model offers a standardized representation of meshes and result fields that is independent of the simulated physics. The MED library is developed in C and C++ and has an API in C, FORTRAN and Python. Available features Most of the modules are accessible both through the GUI and Python script. However, some modules remain dedicated to a purely scripted use (via python script). Here is the list of the available modules of SALOME 9.4 and that are also accessible via Python scripts : Shaper: parametric and variational CAD generator of geometrical models for physics simulation in industrial domains, compatible with the STEP, IGES and BREP formats; GEOM: this component provides multiple functionalities for creating, viewing and modifying geometric CAD models. SMESH: mesh generator, compatible with the UNV, MED, STL, CGNS, SAUV et GMF formats, that contains the MeshGems suite (developed by the Distene company, under commercial license), the NetGen algorithms, mesh handling functionalities and mesh quality control operations; ParaViS: advanced scientific visualization module, based on the ParaView open source software developed by the Kitware company; YACS: computation orchestration; JobManager: module for distant launching of jobs on cluster; EFICAS: data interface creator and dataset dynamic validation module; ADAO: data assimilation module; HOMARD: adaptive mesh generator by mesh element division following given criteria (zone, error criteria given by the physics computation, etc.); PERSALYS: graphical interface of OpenTURNS, which is the uncertainty treatment and statistical analysis module; The modules only accessible in python are: MEDCoupling: mesh and field handling module, accessible through Python scripts only (without a graphical interface); Melissa: in-situ statistical data post-treatment module oriented to sensitivity studies, accessible through Python scripts only (without a graphical interface); Available versions SALOME is available for several UNIX operating systems and Windows. Specific versions are generated by EDF and CEA containing specific packages for their applications. All versions are available on the SALOME official website and the disciplinary platforms’ websites. References External links Official website SALOME's description on its official website SALOME's official public presentation SALOME's YouTube channel created by EDF (In French) SALOME's YouTube channel created by CEA (In French) Free computer-aided design software Computer-aided design software for Linux
4012945	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungma	Ungma	Ungma is an Ao Naga village situated 10 km south of Mokokchung, Nagaland, India. The village is divided into two parts, Yimpang (North) and Yimlang (South). In the heart of the village, i.e., between Yimpang and Yimlang, the Baptist Church stands, reflecting the dominance of Baptist faith in the everyday life of the village. Demographics In recent years, both Mokokchung and Ungma have grown due to increase in population and have become one continuous settlement. It is a part of the continuous settlements from Amenyong and Khensa in the Northwest and DEF colony in the Northeast through Mokokchung and Ungma up to Alichen in the south. This has resulted in an urban agglomeration that is the third largest in the state. With a population of 7,189 people (2001 census), Ungma is the third largest Ao village as also the third largest village in Mokokchung District. Prior to this, Ungma enjoyed the privilege of being the largest Ao village as also that of Mokokchung District. However, by 2001 census, Chuchuyimlang and Changki had overtaken Ungma in terms of population. Recent population trend also suggest that Longjang may soon overtake Ungma as the third largest Ao village. Culture The people are friendly and courteous. Almost the entire population is Christian. Christmas and New Year is a very good time to visit Ungma. The villagers begin to celebrate Christmas from the first week of December and continue until the new year. Politics Ungma falls under 26 Aonglenden Assembly Constituency of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly. S. C. Jamir, the ex-Chief Minister of Nagaland (the longest serving chief minister in Nagaland history) and the ex-Governor of Goa & Maharashtra hails from this village. It is partly because of his towering personality that Ungma in particular and Mokokchung District in general has virtually become a bastion of the Indian National Congress Party. Attractions Nature Park Ungma is a beautiful park located in the outskirt of the Village. It was built upon a hilltop, a place also known as Tzüdir Yimka. The National Highway 61 (India) is adjacent with the park. Visitors comes here for entertainment varying from family picnics to weddings, seminars and educational tours. It is well maintained and remains open all through the week. References External links Mokokchung Ao villages Villages in Mokokchung district
4012950	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovisi	Ludovisi	Ludovisi can refer to: Ludovisi (family), a noble Italian family Ludovisi papacy of Pope Gregory XV Cardinals Ludovisi Cardinal Alessandro Ludovisi, later Pope Gregory XV Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi (the Pope's Cardinal Nephew and Orazio's son) Cardinal Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi (Ludovico's cousin), Prince of Piombino Non-ecclesiastic family members Orazio Ludovisi (Pope Gregory XV's brother), Italian military commander and patrician of Bologna Niccolò Ludovisi (Orazio's son), Prince of Piombino Giovan Battista Ludovisi (Niccolò's son), Prince of Piombino Olimpia Ludovisi (Niccolò's daughter and grand-niece of two popes) Ippolita Ludovisi (Niccolò's daughter and grand-niece of two popes) Villa Ludovisi, a suburban villa in Rome, built in the 17th century for Cardinal Ludovico, destroyed in the 19th century; its territory becoming the Ludovisi rione. Casino di Villa Boncompagni Ludovisi, a remaining portion of the villa, now housing the U.S. Embassy in Italy Palazzo Boncompagni Ludovisi, a remaining portion of the villa Juno Ludovisi, a colossal Roman marble head from a statue of Antonia Minor as the goddess Juno Ludovisi Dionysus, a Roman work of the 2nd century CE, first displayed in front of the Palazzo Grande, at the Villa Ludovisi Ludovisi Ares, an Antonine Roman marble sculpture of Mars Ludovisi Gaul, a Roman marble group depicting a man in the act of plunging a sword into his breast Audoenus Ludovisi (Owen Lewis; 1532-1594), Welsh Roman Catholic jurist, administrator, diplomat, and Bishop of Cassano all'Jonio Francesco Boncompagni Ludovisi (1886–1955), Italian politician Felice Ludovisi (1912-20), Italian architect and academici Ludovisi, Lazio, the XVI rione in the City of Rome Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum, a National Gallery of Modern Art in rome, Italy Palazzo Ludovisi, a palace in Rome also built for Cardinal Ludovico; now the seat of the Italian Chamber of Deputies Ludovisi Throne, an sculpted block of white marble hollowed at the back and carved with bas-reliefs on the three outer faces, from about 460 BCE Great Ludovisi sarcophagus, an ancient Roman sarcophagus dating to around 250–260 AD See also Italian-language surnames
4012959	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Can%27t%20Dance	I Can't Dance	"I Can't Dance" is the fourth track from the Genesis album We Can't Dance and was the second single from the album. The lyrics were written by drummer Phil Collins and the music was written by the whole band. The song peaked at number seven on both the US Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart and received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals in 1993. The song also reached number one in Belgium and the Netherlands while peaking within the top five in Austria, Canada, Germany, and Portugal. Background During one recording session, Mike Rutherford first created the main riff of the song he called "Heavy A Flat", to which Phil Collins suddenly improvised "I Can't Dance!". The riff was actually inspired by a Levi Strauss & Co. TV commercial (in the studio, the song was created under the working title "Blue Jeans") using The Clash song "Should I Stay or Should I Go". Originally the band did not think of it as anything more than a joke, because the song was too simple, too bluesy and completely unlike Genesis' style. Tony Banks said in an interview "It was one of those bits you thought was going to go nowhere. It sounded fun, but wasn't really special". It was not until Banks added the keyboard sound effects that the song took on a whole different feeling—with a slight edge of humour in it—which made the band decide to record it. Banks also said in an interview that it showed a kind of direction Genesis could have gone in. Opposite to what Genesis has done as general practice, which is taking an idea and turning it into a long or complex composition, it was just taking an idea, and leaving it alone. Critical reception The Daily Vault's Christopher Thelen said that "I Can't Dance" is "a goofy number that features Genesis mocking themselves for being un-hip. (Best line from this song: "Ooh, she's got a body under that shirt"—dirty old man alert!)" He added, "If you ever get a chance to view the video, watch it; it's hysterical." A reviewer from People Magazine described it as a "melodically fetching, radio-ready track", and "a simple slammer with an arrangement that shows off the group’s remarkable facility for aural atmospherics." Music video The music video for "I Can't Dance" (directed by frequent collaborator Jim Yukich) illustrates the artifice and false glamour of television advertisements. Collins commented that the video was designed to poke fun at the models in jeans commercials, and each verse refers to things that models in these commercials do. During the first verse, he portrays a hitchhiker on a remote desert road in Hi Vista, California. A woman speeds past in a Porsche 911, then backs up to Collins and lets a lizard at his feet get in; she drives off, leaving him stranded. Collins is seen on a beach in the second verse, trying to pull his jeans away from a sunbather's angry dog; for the third, he loses them in a pool game at a bar. These scenes are intercut with footage of the band and film crew members setting up the areas as if to shoot a series of commercials. The video ends with a parody of the video for the Michael Jackson song "Black or White," in which Collins imitates Jackson's erratic dancing. Banks and Rutherford eventually arrive to escort Collins off the set, at which point he goes limp and they have to drag him away. The song created the "'I Can't Dance' dance" (a series of stiff, stylised motions). Collins explained in an interview that when he was at stage school, he would see kids that would always use the same hand and the same foot when they were tap dancing, meaning they could not co-ordinate. He then copied their movements and the 'dance' was born. Collins told Rolling Stone that the music video and the song were a joke about male models in jeans commercials who could not dance or talk, but could only walk in their jeans. He also said the audience was confused and could not figure out the joke because clearly Phil Collins can dance, as he dances at the end of the video. Release Single releases contained an extended remix entitled "Sex Mix". This was later released on the Genesis Archive 2: 1976–1992 box set retitled as the "12" Mix". The remixers were brothers Howard Gray and Trevor Gray of Apollo 440. The B-side, "On the Shoreline", was also included on Genesis Archive 2: 1976–1992. The song features a sample of guitarist Mike Rutherford's guitar playing that was captured by Tony Banks during a jam session. The peculiar sound (dubbed "elephantus" by the band) was also used in the song "No Son of Mine." Several chord passages also appeared in "Living Forever." Rolling Stone commented that "On the Shoreline" is "enjoyable in an un-ironic way. Here, as usual, Phil Collins sounds most comfortable at the raspy apex of his vocal range, pushing his voice to the breaking point as Tony Banks' synths drift through like mists." The "Jesus He Knows Me" CD single also included a version titled "I Can't Dance (the other mix)" with a running length of 5:59. Live performances "I Can't Dance" was played live during The Way We Walk, Calling All Stations (with Ray Wilson on vocals), and Turn It On Again tours. On the band's Turn It On Again Tour and The Last Domino? Tour, it was included as an encore. During live performances, the song was transposed to a lower key to accommodate Collins' deepening voice. A live version appears on their albums The Way We Walk, Volume One: The Shorts, and Live over Europe 2007, as well as on their DVDs The Way We Walk - Live in Concert and When in Rome 2007. Rutherford and Daryl Stuermer accompanied Collins doing the walk across the stage. Ray Wilson continued to cover the song on his solo live album after his departure from Genesis. His version is a bluesier rendition, closer to the original. Track listings 7-inch and cassette single "I Can't Dance" "On the Shoreline" 12-inch and CD single "I Can't Dance" "On the Shoreline" "I Can't Dance" (sex mix) Australian CD single and Japanese mini-album "I Can't Dance" "On the Shoreline" "In Too Deep" (live) "That's All" (live) US CD single and Japanese mini-CD single "I Can't Dance" (LP version) – 4:00 "I Can't Dance" (sex mix) – 6:59 (7:02 in Japan) US maxi-CD single "I Can't Dance" (LP version) – 4:00 "On the Shoreline" – 4:45 "In Too Deep" (live) – 5:28 "That's All" (live) – 4:54 "I Can't Dance" (sex mix) – 6:59 Personnel Tony Banks – keyboards Phil Collins – vocals, drums, drum machine Mike Rutherford – electric guitars, bass guitar Charts and certifications Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications Covers In the 1990s, "Weird Al" Yankovic created a parody of the video for "I Can't Dance" for his series Al TV, in which he appeared alongside the band. He added shots of himself to several of the band shots. In 2007, German death metal group Debauchery recorded "I Can't Dance" and released it on their fourth album, Back in Blood. In 2014, Finnish metal band Sonata Arctica released a cover of "I Can't Dance" as a bonus track on their album Ecliptica: Revisited; 15th Anniversary Edition. The band made a promotional video which features all of the band members dancing in cities that they visited during their Pariah's Child tour. References Fielder, Hugh (2000). Genesis Archive #2: 1976—1992 [CD liner notes]. Gelring Ltd. External links Genesis official site 1991 songs 1992 singles Atlantic Records singles Blues rock songs Dutch Top 40 number-one singles Genesis (band) songs Songs about dancing Songs written by Mike Rutherford Songs written by Phil Collins Songs written by Tony Banks (musician) Virgin Records singles
4012965	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miriam%20Patchen	Miriam Patchen	Miriam Patchen (1914–2000) was the wife and muse of poet and novelist Kenneth Patchen, who dedicated each of his more than 40 books to his wife. He also wrote and published a large number of love poems for Miriam including well-known pieces like "23rd Street Runs Into Heaven." Personal life Miriam met Patchen in Boston in 1933 at a friend's Christmas party. At the time, Miriam was an undergraduate at Massachusetts State College in Amherst. The two kept in touch and Patchen started sending her the first of many love poems. They soon fell in love and decided to get married. First Patchen took her to meet his parents in Youngstown, Ohio, then they got married on June 28, 1934 in nearby Sharon, Pennsylvania. After their wedding, they spent much of their marriage living in New York City in Greenwich Village. Then they relocated to the West Coast, living in San Francisco and later, towards the end of Patchen's life, they settled into a cottage house in Palo Alto where Patchen died. Miriam was Patchen's strongest supporter and stood by him as the couple struggled financially throughout their marriage. In addition to their financial struggles, the couple had to contend with serious medical problems as well. Kenneth Patchen struggled with chronic pain from a back injury for many years before he finally became incapacitated when his injury was severely aggravated by a botched surgery in 1959. Immobilized by the injury, Patchen's sole caretaker was his wife, and since he was bedridden, he wrote and painted poems from his bed with her assistance. To help make ends meet at this point, Miriam also had to take a job working in retail at a local department store. At the same time, Miriam also had serious health problems, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis. After her husband's death on January 8, 1972, she became an activist for peace and an advocate for her husband's poetry. Laurent B. Frantz, a civil rights activist, became her companion until he died on September 20, 1998. In 1998, Miriam was the subject of a short documentary film by Kim Roberts titled Miriam Is Not Amused. She was born Miriam Oikemus in Waverley, Belmont, Massachusetts on 28 September 1914 and died in Palo Alto, California on 6 March 2000. Notes and references External links Obituary in The Independent (UK) by Marcus Williamson Kenneth Patchen Home Page 1914 births 2000 deaths People from Belmont, Massachusetts American activists American people of Finnish descent
4012976	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovico%20Ludovisi	Ludovico Ludovisi	Ludovico Ludovisi (22 or 27 October 1595 – 18 November 1632) was an Italian cardinal and statesman of the Roman Catholic Church. He was an art connoisseur who formed a famous collection of antiquities, housed at the Villa Ludovisi in Rome. Biography Ludovico Ludovisi was born in Bologna, then part of the Papal States, the son of Orazio Ludovisi and Lavinia Albergati. Following in the footsteps of his uncle Alessandro Ludovisi, he was trained at the Jesuit Collegio Germanico of Rome, and went on to the University of Bologna, where he received his doctorate in canon law on 25 February 1615. When Alessandro Ludovisi was acclaimed pope, taking the name Gregory XV, Ludovico was made cardinal the day after his coronation, though he was only 25. The following month he was made archbishop of Bologna though he remained in Rome. His uncle had great faith in his judgement and energy and was in need of a strong and able assistant to help govern the Papal States (the Pope was, after all, in his late 60s). On the same day, Orazio Ludovisi, Ludovico's father, was put at the head of the pontifical army. Gregory XV was not disappointed in his nephew. As the Catholic Encyclopedia avers: He was sent as legate in Fermo in 1621 and in Avignon, 1621–1623. He served briefly as Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church (19 April 1621 to 7 June 1623). In August 1623, Ludovisi participated in the papal conclave that elected Pope Urban VIII. Due to conflict with the new pope's family, Ludovisi was forced to leave Rome. He continued, however, as prefect of the sacred consulta of the Propaganda Fide (1622 to 1632) and Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (1623 to 1632). He died in Bologna in 1632. Patron of the arts Cardinal Ludovisi is remembered as a connoisseur and patron of arts. He paid for the construction of the Jesuit Chiesa di Sant'Ignazio and Palazzo Ludovisi (now Palazzo Montecitorio), where Gian Lorenzo Bernini was his architect. He rapidly assembled from private owners and the Carmelite brothers of Santa Maria in Traspontina a holding of vineyards and small plots to create the Villa Ludovisi, a vast complex of gardens and buildings on the Monte Pincio near Porta Pinciana, in the so-called "Gardens of Sallust" on the site where Julius Caesar and his heir, Augustus, had had their villas. The Ludovisi Ares, a spectacular discovery of 1622, found its way quickly to the collection. He employed Alessandro Algardi to restore other finds, some of which were unearthed in the grounds of the Villa itself. The sculpture was lightly restored by Bernini and joined the Dying Gaul in the Cardinal's gallery. The Ludovisi collection was enlarged with purchases from Cardinal Altemps' collection, all housed at the splendid Villa Ludovisi, which he surrounded with gardens. Guercino painted frescoes at the villa, and Cardinal Ludovisi's house poet was Alessandro Tassoni. At the casino of the Villa, Cardinal Ludovisi employed Carlo Maderno to rebuild a simple house further up the hill. In a small ground-floor gallery of the casino, Guercino frescoed a ceiling with his Chariot of Aurora (1621–1623). It remains one of the most famous painted decors of Rome. His cousin, Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi, was made cardinal in 1645. Episcopal succession References 1595 births 1632 deaths Ludovico Cardinal 17th-century Italian cardinals Cardinal-nephews Roman Catholic archbishops of Bologna 17th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops Cardinal Secretaries of State Members of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith Camerlengos of the Holy Roman Church Clergy from Bologna
4012981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiz	Compiz	Compiz () is a compositing window manager for the X Window System, using 3D graphics hardware to create fast compositing desktop effects for window management. Effects, such as a minimization animation or a cube workspace, are implemented as loadable plugins. Because it conforms to the ICCCM conventions, Compiz can be used as a substitute for the default Mutter or Metacity, when using GNOME Panel, or KWin in KDE Plasma Workspaces. Internally Compiz uses the OpenGL library as the interface to the graphics hardware. Hardware requirements Initially, Compiz only worked with 3D hardware supported by Xgl. Most NVIDIA and ATI graphics cards are known to work with Compiz on Xgl. Since May 22, 2006 Compiz works on the standard X.Org Server, by using AIGLX. Besides Intel GMA graphics cards, AIGLX also supports using AMD graphics cards (including R300 and newer cards) using the open-source driver which supports since fall 2006. NVIDIA's binary drivers (since Version 1.0-9629) support on standard X.Org server; ATI/AMD's binary drivers do since version 8.42. History By the early 2000's, both ATI and Nvidia drivers became increasingly common on Linux. Advanced OpenGL development was no longer restricted to expensive UNIX workstations. Around the same time, Xgl, Xegl and AIGLX gave Xorg the possibility of using OpenGL for transformation and effects on windows surfaces. With foundations finally available, xcompmgr pioneered the features of a compositing window manager. Luminocity An effort called Luminocity began with some GNOME developers to make use of recent developments. In March 2005, the Luminocity project already featured effects like "wobbly windows", "physics models for window moving", "live updating workspace switcher" and "alpha compositing". Given Luminocity was mostly a prototype, its development soon was abandoned, but some of its effects and behaviors were later implemented by Compiz. Compiz The first version of Compiz was released as free software by Novell (SUSE) no later than February 2006 in the wake of the (also new) Xgl. It was one of the earliest compositing window managers for X. In March 2006 Compiz was ported to AIGLX by Red Hat. Beryl Beryl was the project name for the quinnstorm branch of Compiz, announced on September 19, 2006 after Compiz developer Quinn Storm and the development team decided that the fork had come too far from the original Compiz started by Novell (). After the Novell XGL/Compiz team (mostly David Reveman) refused the proposition to merge the Quinnstorm changes with compiz-vanilla, the decision was made to make a real differentiation. Among the differences to Compiz, Beryl had a new window decorator named Emerald based on cgwd along with a theme manager called , used a flat file backend instead of gconf, and had no GNOME dependencies. Merger of the Compiz and Beryl communities On March 30, 2007, discussions between the Beryl and Compiz communities led to a merger of the two communities which results in two new software packages: Compiz, (also Compiz-core) which contains only the core functionality of Compiz and base plugins Compiz Fusion, consisting of the plugins, decorators, settings tools and related applications from the Beryl and Compiz communities. Compiz Fusion concentrates on installation, configuration and additional plugins to add to the core functionalities of Compiz. Outcomes include plans to fund a code review panel consisting of the best developers from each community who will see that any code included in a release package meets the highest standards and is suitable for distribution in an officially supported package. Further branches In the fourth quarter of 2008, two separate branches of Compiz were created: compiz++ and NOMAD; compiz++ was geared toward the separation of compositing and OpenGL layers for the rendering of the window manager without compositing effects, and the port from C to C++ programming language. NOMAD was geared towards the improvement of remote desktop performance for Compiz installations. Merger of the Compiz branches On February 2, 2009 a conference call was held between developers of Compiz, Compiz++, NOMAD and Compiz Fusion where it was decided to merge the projects into a unified project, simply named Compiz, with a unified roadmap. Compiz 0.9 series On July 4, 2010, Sam Spilsbury, lead Compiz developer, announced the release of Compiz 0.9.0 with a new API, rewritten in C++. Canonical Ltd. hired Spilsbury to further develop Compiz for Ubuntu in October 2010. Since then Compiz development mostly coincides with Ubuntu development. Main development moved to Canonical's Launchpad service. The 0.9.x versions up to 0.9.5 were seen as unstable/beta software. With version 0.9.6 in progress, Canonical hired developer Daniel van Vugt to work on Compiz full-time. While 0.9.6 never officially released, Compiz 0.9.7.0 was released a month ahead of enterprise-targeted Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Long Term Support) and declared stable. A few days before the official release of Ubuntu 12.04 a new development branch, 0.9.8, was created in preparation for Ubuntu 12.10. For Compiz version 0.9.8 development has moved to a new Launchpad page. In November 2012, Spilsbury announced that he had left Canonical and stated he had no plans to port Compiz to Wayland. A small team continues to work on Compiz with version 0.9.13 being the focus of development as of July 2016. Compiz Reloaded A group forked the Compiz 0.8 series code base and modernized it and maintains it as of 2019. Features Almost all available Compiz features – except translucency, dimming, and desaturation – are delivered using plugins. Compiz plugins include the cube effect, Alt-Tab application-switching with live previews or icons, and a feature similar to macOS's Mission Control. The Composite extension to X is used, as is the OpenGL extension . The Compiz project categorizes the plugins into four main groups: Main, Extra, Unsupported, and Experimental. Window managers use a program called a window decorator to provide the window borders with the usual minimize, maximize and close buttons. Unlike many window managers which have only one window decorator, Compiz users have a choice of three: gtk-window-decorator uses either a basic cairo-based rendering engine or can use Metacity themes. kde-window-decorator uses native KWin themes. Emerald, a custom decorator with its own theme format that has been ported to Compiz. It used to be Beryl's default decorator. Deployments Compiz or Beryl have usually been deployed on Linux and other X11-based Unix-like platforms together with GNOME 2 and KDE 3. Since version 4.2, however, KDE's own KWin ships with capabilities similar to Compiz. As such, Compiz is not usually deployed with recent Plasma Workspaces versions. GNOME version 3.0 uses GNOME Shell which is built as a plugin to the Mutter compositing window manager. This means Compiz cannot be used in conjunction with GNOME Shell. Citing a lack of maintenance on the part of the Compiz developers, Fedora removed Compiz from the Fedora repositories from Fedora 17 however Compiz has been reinstated in the Fedora repositories since Fedora 18. An official MATE spin which includes Compiz has been available since Fedora 19. Compiz was dropped from the Debian repositories from Debian 7 (Wheezy) onwards in August 2013 due to broken packages and a lack of upstream development on the part of the Compiz developers. Compiz was reintroduced into Debian in December 2016 by the Hypra.fr Team. Compiz was dropped from the Arch Linux repositories in May 2013. Compiz can still be installed from packages available in the Arch User Repository. Ubuntu 6.06 LTS and later included Compiz in the universe repository. A limited version was included by default as "Desktop Effects" in Ubuntu 7.04. From Ubuntu 7.10 onwards, Compiz was enabled by default. In 2010 Canonical released their Unity interface which is written as a plugin for Compiz. Reception and impact Early compiz reviews were mostly favorable praising its performance, beauty and novelty value. It was included in Ubuntu 6.06 repositories to allow easy installation and was, as of 2021, the only time an Ubuntu release was postponed. Other projects like Metisse and Project Looking Glass were developed around the same time, but none became as known or widely deployed as Compiz. Other window managers like GNOME Shell and KWin would later also implement compositing effects. The development of Wayland around 2010 merged the functions of compositor and graphics server on the same program, a move that would eventually obsolete separate window managers and compositors. Distributions which still included it by default usually enabled just a few useful plugins and disabled the more "blingy" ones. Also, distributions increasingly began including KDE and GNOME with their default window managers. The last Ubuntu version to include Compiz to implement its Unity desktop manager was Ubuntu 16.04. After that, its development became mostly stagnant. Some Compiz effects (0.8.5) See also Comparison of X window managers VirtualGL DeskSpace Project Looking Glass Metisse References External links Compiz on Launchpad (unmaintained) 2006 software 3D GUIs Compositing window managers Free software programmed in C Free X window managers Freedesktop.org Linux windowing system-related software Software using the MIT license
4012985	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20V.%20Sridhar	C. V. Sridhar	Chitthamoor Vijayaraghavalu Sridhar (22 July 1933 – 20 October 2008) was an Indian screenwriter and film director. He has directed nearly 60 films in Tamil, Hindi and Telugu Languages. Early life Sridhar hailed from Chitthamur, a village near Maduranthakam, Tamil Nadu. He studied at St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School from Chengalpattu where he began writing and staging plays while he was in the Seventh Standard. Career Entry In 1951, 18-year-old Sridhar went to AVM Productions with his story Latchiyavathi but P. Neelakantan rejected his story. Avvai T. K. Shanmugam was very much impressed by the story and Sridhar wrote the screenplay and dialogues for the drama. It was staged as Raththa Paasam and was one of the most successful dramas staged by TKS brothers. Sridhar was proudly taken to the stage and introduced to the audience as the writer. It was later produced jointly by TKS and Jupiter pictures under Jupiter – Avvai Productions where Jupiter pictures recommended some other writer to write the dialogues for the film. It was T. K. Shanmugam who was staunch that Sridhar should write the screenplay and dialogues. Sridhar made his entry into films as a screenwriter in Ratha Paasam. Later AVM Productions produced it in Hindi as Bhaai Bhaai in 1956 starring Ashok Kumar and Kishore Kumar but direction was by R. S. Mani. The film Bhai Bhai gave a big commercial break for the music director Madan Mohan and the writer Sridhar himself. Sridhar wrote story and dialogues for Edhir Paradhathu. Sridhar wrote the dialogues in Tamil for the Telugu movie Parivartana and the movie was dubbed in 1955 as Latchadhipathi. Sridhar continued on writing for films like Maaman Magal, Maheswari, Amara Deepam, Maadharkula Manikkam, Engal Veetu Mahalakshmi, Yaar Paiyan, Manjal Mahimai, Uthama Puthiran and Punar Jenmam. While working in Modern Theatres as writer for the film Maheswari, Sridhar had an opportunity to improve his knowledge and skills about film production. T. R. Sundaram had a huge library of international books about great films and directors, about film production, critical and technical essays. Sridhar had a very high esteem on the legendary director V. Shantaram. Venus Pictures In 1956, Sridhar turned producer along with associates Krishnamoorthi, Govindarajan and Sundararajan in Venus Pictures where he scripted Amara Deepam and followed by Uthama Puthiran. Both films had Sivaji Ganesan and Padmini as the main roles. He made his debut as a director with Kalyana Parisu. This movie ran for more than 25 weeks, and is revered to this day as a milestone in the history of Tamil cinema. After this, he had a huge fan following and his name was talked about among the middle class movie going audience. Chithralaya He started his own production company Chithralaya (the emblem was designed by Art director Ganga) in 1961 with his friends Gopu, Vincent, Sundaram and Tiruchi Arunachalam made Then Nilavu. The latter which had Gemini Ganesan and Vyjayanthimala in the lead was the first Tamil film to be shot in Jammu and Kashmir. He made a series of commercially successful films like Nenjil Or Aalayam, Kaadhalikka Neramillai, Vennira Adai and many more. Film-making style Sridhar was known as Nava-rasa-director, as he made films in a variety of styles, from the comedy Kaadhalikka Neramillai to the serious Kalai-kovil and Nenjil Or Aalayam. The latter was remade in Hindi with Rajendra Kumar and Meena Kumari as Dil Ek Mandir which earn him two nomination at Filmfare Awards, Best Director and Best Story categories. He brought out the best in comedians T. R. Ramachandran, K. A. Thangavelu, and Nagesh, and helped introduce Murthy, Nirmala to a wider audience in Vennira Adai. Murthy, Nirmala, now a TV and movie comedian, is still referred to as "Venniradai Moorthy", "Venniradai Nirmala" after the fame he received from his performance in the movie. Even the actresses Jayalalitha and Nirmala used to be referred to as Venniraadai Jayalalitha and Venniraadai Nirmala Sridhar's Kaadhalikka Neramillai was one of the greatest blockbusters of Tamil film history. It was later remade in Hindi with actor Kishore Kumar and Shashi Kapoor by himself. Sridhar helped launch the career of many celebrities in Tamil cinema, namely, Saroja Devi in Kalyaana Parisu, R. Muthuraman and Devika in Nenjil Or Aalayam, Srikanth, J. Jayalalithaa, Vennira Aadai Nirmala and Venniradai Moorthy in Vennira Adai (White Dress), Ravichandran, Kanchana and Rajasree in Kaadhalikka Neramillai, Kamal and Rajini in Ilamai Oonjal Aadigirathu, Karthik and Gigi in Ninaivellaam Nithya, Jayashree in Thendralae Ennai Thodu and Vikram in Thanthu Vitten Ennai. His Bollywood films include Nazrana (1961), Dil Ek Mandir (1963), Pyar Kiye Jaa (1966) and Gehri Chaal (1973). Nazrana, starring by Raj Kapoor, Vyjayanthimala, Usha Kiran and Gemini Ganesan in guest appearance, earned him Filmfare Award for Best Story.The landmark film Nai Roshni directed by him in Hindu had Ashok Kumar, P. Bhanumati, Mala Sinha, Biwajeet and Raajkumar in lead roles and became the 7th highest-grossing film of the year 1967 in Hindi. Subsequently, this film was remade in Tamil as Poovum Pottum directed by Dada Mirasi. Sridhar's films with Sivaji Ganesan include Ooty Varai Uravu, Nenjirukkum Varai, Sivantha Mann. Sivanthaman was the first color movie in Tamil shot at foreign locations. Dharti, the Hindi version was released in 1970 with Rajendra Kumar, Waheeda Rehman and Sivaji Ganesan in lead roles. When in 1973, he went through sudden financial problems, at the insistence of Rajendra Kumar he approached M. G. Ramachandran, who suggested that a film be made and using that his financial woes would get resolved. Sridhar then made Urimai Kural which was a commercial success in 1974 and went on to direct M.G.R again in Meenava Nanban that was released in 1977. In 1978, he brought together Kamal Hasan, Rajnikanth, Sripriya for romantic film Illamai Oonjal Aadugirathu. Then he remade the same in 1982 in Hindi as Dil-E-Nadan starring Rajesh Khanna, Shatrughan Sinha and Jaya Prada in lead roles. Both versions were successful. In all his films he used a combination of stars, melodrama and melodious songs. He has directed films in Tamil, Hindi and Telugu. Sridhar was considered an expert in song picturisation as he could transform any song into sheer poetry. The formidable Sridhar – Kannadasan – M. S. Viswanathan combination held a magic spell on the audience and the songs contributed to the tremendous success of those films. Retirement and death Sridhar, whose career spanned four decades, is credited with understanding the pulse of the public and creating movies in tune with the times. His memoirs Thirumpip Parkkiren [Looking Back], written by Chandra Maouli, was published in 2002. Sridhar died of Cardiac arrest in Chennai on 20 October 2008, aged 75. Filmography List of films directed by Sridhar. You may refer to the notes for the extra activities of him in the particular films. Awards Won 1959: Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Kalyana Parisu 1962: President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Nenjil Or Aalayam Kalaimamani Award from State Sangeeth Natak Academy. Filmfare Award for Best Story for Nazrana (1961). Tamil Nadu State Film Honorary Award – Arignar Anna Award in 1997 Nominated Filmfare Award for Best Director for Dil Ek Mandir (1963) Filmfare Award for Best Story for Dil Ek Mandir (1963) Filmfare Award for Best Director - Tamil for Urimai Kural (1975) Filmfare Award for Best Director - Tamil for Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu (1979) Filmfare Award for Best Director - Tamil for Oru Odai Nadhiyagirathu (1984) References External links C. V. Sridhar's Sterling Face of Romance 2008 deaths Film directors from Tamil Nadu Tamil film directors 1933 births Filmfare Awards winners People from Kanchipuram district 20th-century Indian film directors Telugu film directors Telugu screenwriters Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu 20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights 20th-century Indian screenwriters
4012990	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalalpuram	Jalalpuram	Jalapuram is a village in the Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Pedakurapadu mandal of Guntur revenue division. Government and politics Jalalpuram gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. The ward members are headed by a Sarpanch. The village forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region and is under the jurisdiction of APCRDA. Education As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of one Mandal Parishad school. See also List of villages in Guntur district References Villages in Guntur district
4012993	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabatier	Sabatier	Sabatier is the maker's mark used by several kitchen knife manufacturers—by itself it is not a registered brand name. The name Sabatier is considered to imply a high-quality knife produced by one of a number of manufacturers in the Thiers region of France using a full forging process; the knives of some of these manufacturers are highly regarded. However, the name "Sabatier" came into use before intellectual property laws and is not protected; knives legally bearing the name range from high-quality knives made in France to cheap mass-produced products of poor quality from France and other countries; a registered logo or full name, or both, such as "65 Sabatier Perrier", is necessary to establish origin and quality. History The name originated in Thiers, France at the beginning of the 19th century. The area of Thiers has been associated with the cutlery industry since the 15th century. With the advent of the industrial age manufacturers began to consolidate their crafts or trades by creating brand or trade marks. In the early 19th century, two separate families began using the name Sabatier to market their knives: Jean Sabatier of Le Moutier (lower Thiers) and Philippe Sabatier of Bellevue (upper Thiers). The families are not known to be related except by name and craft. There is a dispute over who registered the trademark first, with each citing evidence. The Sabatiers of Le Moutier company survived in many incarnations until the brand was bought out by Cuisinox in 1979. The only surviving family is the Sabatiers of Bellevue, which is still at the same address and still owned by the descendants of the original founder, Philippe Sabatier. It continues to make the knives under the corporate name ETS Sabatier Aîné & Perrier. Manufacturing process Among the many Sabatier manufacturers in Thiers, France, most provide high quality cutlery using traditional forging techniques that were developed in the area in the early and mid-19th century. Most of these manufacturers use a "fully forged" technique and a hand shaping and sharpening process using local skilled labour. Fully forged means that three of the four knife parts (blade, bolster, tang and handle) are forged from a single piece of steel. In this process, a single cylinder shaped steel billet is heated where the bolster will be, and squeezed from the ends to create a bulge. The entire piece is heated again and forged to the shape of the blade, bolster, and tang using forging dies in one operation. Afterward, a clipping tool is used to cut the forged piece to the rough shape of the knife. Finally, the handles are riveted on, and the final shaping and sharpening is done by hand. The alternative way to manufacture knives is stamping; forging has traditionally been considered superior, but from the late 20th century some knives of excellent quality have been produced by stamping. Brand names The use of the Sabatier name is an anomaly of "branding" because the name was used by many different companies before intellectual property or trademark laws were fully established in France. In order to distinguish between the various makers of Sabatier knives, manufacturers are required to include a second word or symbol along with "Sabatier". Over the years many marks have been registered. In 1979, after the sale of the Moutier Sabatier brands to Cuisinox, the various holders of the brands formed an association to protect the brand name. SABATIER frères K SABATIER SABATIER PERRIER 65 SABATIER 62 SABATIER France SABATIER Jeune K Garanti SABATIER Jeune Garanti with a bunch of grapes SABATIER Acier Fondu Garanti with a bunch of grapes France SABATIER Acier Fondu couronne K Garanti Véritable SABATIER France Professional SABATIER SABATIER Professional V SABATIER France V SABATIER Acier Fondu Garanti V SABATIER Extra Fin SABATIER 689 Couronné SABATIER Couronné SABATIER 589 Couronné SABATIER Trompette SABATIER Deg SABATIER**** SabatieR SABATIER Trumpet France Sarry SABATIER Le vrai SABATIER Le seul SABATIER L’unique SABATIER 1ère qualité SABATIER with a stylised slicing disk SABATIER Lion SABATIER Diamant SABATIER Elephant While there are many knife manufacturers using Sabatier as their brand, some Sabatier manufacturers are considered authentic, and some are not. Generally speaking, among connoisseurs of fine cutlery, only knives manufactured in Thiers from well-established manufacturers from the 19th century are considered "genuine" Sabatier knives. Many other manufacturers, both in France and elsewhere, use the Sabatier name on their knives; however, they are usually mass-produced, and of poor quality. Neither words such as vrai or garanti, nor "Made in France", ensure a good knife. Companies selling Sabatier knives Sabatier brands have been sold by many companies over the years. The following list is an attempt to link the present day owners to the brands. ETS Sabatier Aîné & Perrier - Sabatier Aîné & Perrier claims to be the oldest Sabatier knife maker still in existence and operated by the descendants of Phillipe Sabatier of Bellevue, Thiers, France. The brand has been based in Thiers, the French cutlery trade capital, since the early 19th century. They have operated for more than 200 years and have sold under the brand name Sabatier-k since 1834, to distinguish themselves from the Sabatier of Le Moutier. The first references to the mark "K" can be found in the town archives, engraved on the Silver Tablet of Cutlers, dated 7 June 1813 under number 231. Eight generations of the Sabatier family of Bellevue have been involved in the business. Thiers Issard Sabatier - Thiers Issard Sabatier have manufactured the Sabatier Elephant knives in Thiers since 1958. Therias et L'Econome - Therias et L'Econome claim to have been manufacturing knives in Thiers since 1819. They sell Sabatier knives under the brand L'Unique Sabatier as well as Mexeur & Cie. Rousselon Frères - Owners of the Mexeur Lion Sabatier make of knives since 1991, manufactured in Thiers. They claim the make was officially registered in 1812. Sabatier Diamant - Manufacture the Sabatier Diamant brand in Thiers. Amefa Couzon Cuisinox and Richardson Sheffield - In December 2005 Dutch company Amefa bought France's second-largest cutlery company Couzon, the owner of Cuisinox. In 2007 Amefa purchased the British knife maker Richardson Sheffield. They own the Sabatier Trompette (trumpet) and V Sabatier ranges. References External links Sabatier K Knives website The Sabatier Brand Kitchenware brands Knife manufacturing companies Kitchen knife brands
4012996	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthan%20Patrika	Rajasthan Patrika	Rajasthan Patrika is an Indian Hindi-language daily newspaper. It was founded by Karpoor Chandra Kulish in 1956 and published as Rajasthan Patrika in Delhi and Rajasthan, and as Patrika in 9 other states. As per Indian Readership Survey 2013, Rajasthan Patrika emerged as the fourth most-read Hindi language newspaper in India, and Patrika emerged sixth. History Rajasthan Patrika was founded by Karpoor Chandra Kulish on 7 March 1956. Mr. Karpoor Chand Kulish is follower of Jain religion. Over the years, it became a leading national daily. Editions Rajasthan Patrika prints editions in New Delhi and the seven cities of Chhattisgarh (in Bilaspur, Jagdalpur and Raipur), Gujarat (in Ahmedabad and Surat), Karnataka (in Bangalore and Hubli), Madhya Pradesh (under the shorter name of Patrika in Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain and eight other cities), Rajasthan in (Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota, Gangapur City and 13 other cities) and in Tamil Nadu (at Chennai and Coimbatore). Early in 2015, Rajasthan Patrika announced a Delhi-based English news website, called Catch News under the aegis of senior journalist and editor Shoma Chaudhry.Rajasthan Patrika also publish two bimonthly Hindi language child magazines — "Balhans" and "Chotu-Motu". Criticism Patrika has been criticised for non-implementation of Majithia Wage Board's recommendations for hiking wages of employees of newspapers, several cases have been lodged in various high courts of states in India and even in Supreme Court of India. Social awareness activities Amritam Jalam: The campaign focuses on saving water through restoration and renovation of neglected and derelict water bodies. Awards given by Patrika Karpoor Chandra Kulish International Journalism Award In 2007, Rajasthan Patrika instituted the Karpoor Chandra Kulish International Journalism Award in the memory of Karpoor Chand Kulish, the founder editor. This annual international award carries prize money of US$11,000 and a trophy. The award is aimed at recognizing efforts of thought leaders in media, journalist's outstanding contributions to upholding professional values as well as protecting and promoting ethics and morality, right and freedom of the people for better quality of life. Dawn Pakistan and Hindustan Times Delhi were jointly given the inaugural award in New Delhi on 12 March 2008. Concerned Communicator Award As a part of its CSR initiatives and social partnering for a better world, Rajasthan Patrika instituted the Concerned Communicator Award in 1997. The winner is awarded a cash prize of US$11,000 and a certificate. Achievements India's First News site on IDN domain (पत्रिका.भारत) Notable columnist S. Gurumurthy Feroze Varun Gandhi See also The Hindu List of newspapers in India by circulation List of newspapers in the world by circulation References External links Mass media in Rajasthan Hindi-language newspapers Publications established in 1956 Newspapers published in Delhi Newspapers published in Kolkata Newspapers published in Chennai Newspapers published in Bangalore 1956 establishments in Rajasthan Newspapers owned by Patrika Group
4013009	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumble%20Strips	Rumble Strips	Rumble Strips may refer to: Rumble strip, the road safety feature The Rumble Strips, the British band
4013010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnston%2C%20Merseyside	Barnston, Merseyside	Barnston is a village on the Wirral Peninsula, in the county of Merseyside, England, situated to the north east of Heswall. Administratively, the village is in the Pensby & Thingwall Ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral and the parliamentary constituency of Wirral West. At the 2001 Census, Barnston had a population of 3,620 (1,700 males, 1,920 females) At the 2011 Census, the population was 947 (501 males, 441 females). History Barnston is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Bernestone and comprised two mills, a manor house and a hospital. Formerly a township in Woodchurch Parish, Wirral Hundred. Barnston's population was 129 in 1801, 239 in 1851, 522 in 1901 and 832 in 1951. On 24 March 1962, The Beatles performed at the Barnston Women's Institute. It is noted that this was the first time that Brian Epstein put The Beatles into suits for their performances. John Lennon regarded this as the first, and perhaps the ultimate, sellout of their career. The Beatles played here again on Saturday 30 June and Tuesday 25 September 1962. On 1 April 1974, local government reorganisation in England and Wales resulted in most of Wirral, including Barnston, being transferred from the county of Cheshire to Merseyside. Geography Barnston is in the central part of the Wirral Peninsula, approximately south-south-east of the Irish Sea at Meols, about east-north-east of the Dee Estuary at Heswall and west-south-west of the River Mersey at New Ferry. Barnston is situated between Poll Hill in Heswall and Storeton Hill, with the village at an elevation of around above sea level. Community Village landmarks include Christchurch parish church, which was opened in 1871, a primary school and the Fox & Hounds public house. The Barnstondale Centre, originally Scott's Field and known locally as 'The Camp', is set on a site which includes woodland. It is an all-weather activity centre and charitable trust. Transport Rail Heswall railway station on the Borderlands Line is located approximately from Barnston and provides services between Wrexham and Bidston. People E. Chambré Hardman, Irish photographer, lived in Barnston. Septimus Francom, English athlete, died in Barnston. Leslie Williams, English Anglican priest, incumbent in Barnston. See also Listed buildings in Heswall References Bibliography External links Barnston Village Barnstondale Centre Towns and villages in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral
4013020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molung	Molung	Molung, or Molungyimsen, or New Molung is an Ao village located in the Jangpetkong range in Mokokchung District. It was formed on 24 October 1876 and from here the seeds of Christianity and Church that was first planted at Molungkimong (Deka Haimong) on 22 December 1872 by Dr. Edward Winter Clark, which later shifted to New Molung, further progressed to other parts of Nagaland. An ancient leechi tree, planted by Dr. E. W. Clark in 1878, the first American Missionary to the erstwhile Naga Hills, is found here. It bears fruits even today and is over 140 years old. Mongsenyimti and Langpangkong are the nearby important tourist places. External links Ao villages Villages in Mokokchung district
4013023	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20Neelakantan	P. Neelakantan	Palaniyaandi Neelakantan (2 October 1916 – 3 September 1992) was a Tamil film director, who was active for nearly four decades. He was born at Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. He graduated to movies from stage play. His play Naam Iruvar was brought by movie mogul Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar and made into a film in 1947. Then he wrote the dialogues for films like Vedala Ulagam in 1948. His directorial debut was with Oru Iravu in (1951), the dialogue for which was written by C. N. Annadurai. Two films that made him well-known are ALS productions Ambikapadi (1957) and Thirudadhe (1961). He also has directed movies in Kannada and Sinhalese Suneetha and Sujage Rahase. Neelakantan was mainly associated with creating M. G. Ramachandran's (MGR) movie persona. Between Chakravarthi Thirumagal in 1957 and Needhikku Thalaivanangu in 1976, Neelakantan directed altogether 17 of MGR's movies. Filmography References External links Biography of P. Neelakantan Directors Part I 1916 births 1992 deaths Indian film directors Tamil-language film directors Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners 20th-century Indian film directors Kannada film directors People from Viluppuram district Film directors from Tamil Nadu Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu Tamil scholars 20th-century Indian screenwriters
4013030	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahar	Sahar	Sahar may refer to: People Sahar (name), Arabic feminine name or Hebrew unisex name Sahar (singer), Iranian singer, musician and dancer. Sahar Aslam, former Scottish international cricketer. Sahar Ansari, Urdu poet and linguist from Karachi Pakistan. Sahar Baassiri, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Lebanon to UNESCO in Paris. Sahar Biniaz, Canadian actress, model and beauty queen. Ben Sahar, Israeli footballer Places Sahar, Bihar, town and block in Bhojpur district, Bihar Sahar Village, Mumbai Sahar, another name for Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport Sahar Elevated Access Road, a road in India See also Sahara (disambiguation)
4013033	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahira	Zahira	Zahira may refer to: Zahira El Ghabi, Moroccan FIDE master (2005) Zahira Zahir, American barber and cosmetologist Zahira Kazim, the main character of the 2016 film A Wedding (Noces) See also Zahira College (disambiguation)
4013034	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team%20One	Team One	Team One is a comic book team from DC Comics/Wildstorm. It was published as two separate but intertwined two-issue mini-series, each focusing on different members of the same team and showing events from their different perspectives. Team One: WildC.A.T.s focused on members who were involved with the WildC.A.T.s series, while Team One: Stormwatch focused on members who were involved with the Stormwatch series. History Team One was formed in the 1960s through the secret efforts of Lord Emp, then called Saul Baxter. For nearly 50 years, Daemonite activity had been non-existent, but a sudden flurry of attacks aimed at U.S. military bases worried Baxter that a new offensive was coming. Using his influence within the military-industrial complex, he arranged for the formation of a team to handle the oncoming threat. Enter Miles Craven. As head of the newly formed International Operations, he was chosen to act as the visible head of the team; Baxter's true level of involvement was to remain a secret. Through a combination of Baxter's influence and contacts among the Kherubim and Craven's involvement with a number of secret military projects, the team was created and dubbed Team One. On their first mission, the group was mobilized to deal with the takeover of a nuclear missile silo by the combined forces of the superpowered crime lord "Slaughterhouse" Smith and Helspont. The personnel of the silo were all swiftly killed. The duo had intended to hold the country for ransom, threatening to launch the missiles if they weren't paid on time. Trouble arises when Smith realizes that Helspont really intends to destroy New York, which Smith has a weak spot for. Helspont double-crosses him anyway. Team One arrives and battles the enemy. Further trouble ensues when one of the team loses their nerve and freezes up in the midst of battle. While the exact details of the battle's climax aren't known, the outcome is. Regiment died when the missile he was holding onto exploded and John Colt asks Majestic to kill him since he feared that his dark side could emerge. Majestic began his apparent sabbatical at the North Pole, Mason was later killed by the villain Kenyan (an enemy of Saul Baxter/Jacob Marlowe) and Team One was disbanded. Members Mr. Majestic Saul Baxter (Lord Emp) Marc Slayton (Backlash) John Colt (Spartan) Lucy Blaize (Zealot) Think Tank (Henry Bendix) Isaiah King (Despot) Mason Regiment 1995 comics debuts WildStorm superhero teams WildStorm limited series
4013039	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%20Blobs	Bird Blobs	Bird Blobs were a garage rock/post punk musical group from Melbourne, Australia. They formed in 2000 with Tim Evans and Ian Wadley as the core and only continuous members of the group. The first self-titled recording was performed with Evans on drums, with Wadley and Evans overdubbing the other instruments. Subsequently, this recording was disowned by the band. Duncan Haigh joined briefly as a live drummer but was eventually replaced by Tom Egg as the band's first permanent drummer. The lineup was filled out by the inclusion of Karl Scullin on bass. With this lineup, the Bird Blobs recorded an unreleased album in 2002, and then released their debut "official" album Stihl Life in April 2003. The album was recorded by Simon Grounds (Rocket Science, Venom P. Stinger) at Sublime Studios in Melbourne. The rhythm section was subsequently replaced, and the final lineup included Evans, Wadley, bassist Jordan Redaelli and drummer Steve Masterson. With this lineup they recorded the second self-titled full-length album, which was released in September 2004. The album was recorded at Woodstock Studios in Melbourne with US engineer Casey Rice (Tortoise, Liz Phair), and later mixed by Simon Grounds. Both their albums were released through the independent Tasmanian label Unstable Ape. Their second self-titled album was also released on UK independent label, Sounds of Sweet Nothing. The band have toured the United States, the UK and Europe, including playing the All Tomorrow's Parties music festival in December 2004. In 2005 the band supported Nine Inch Nails on the Australian leg of their Live: With Teeth Tour. The band appeared on numerous compilations, with their song "Billy" featured on the compilation CD Mojo Beyond Punk, attached to the February 2005 edition of Mojo magazine and in 2006 the Bird Blobs song, "Inbred Disco", was used in the soundtrack for the Australian film Suburban Mayhem. Bird Blobs dissolved whilst on tour, and have not publicly expressed any intentions of reforming, with Evans relocating to New York City. Bird Blobs re-formed to play three shows in Melbourne in March 2014. The lineup was Evans, Wadley, Masterson and King. Members Tim Evans — vocals, guitar (2000–2006) Ian Wadley — guitar (2000–2006) Nigel King — bass (2003) Steve Masterson — drums (2003–2006) Jordan Redaelli — bass (2003–2006) Tom Egg — drums (2001–2003) Karl Scullen — bass (2001–2003) Duncan Haigh — drums (2000–2001) Discography Bird Blobs — Independent (2001) Stihl Life — Unstable Ape (UAR026) (4 April 2003) Bird Blobs — Unstable Ape (UAR036) (6 September 2004) References External links Bird Blobs website Biography on Larinerg Musical groups established in 2000 Musical groups disestablished in 2006 Musical groups from Melbourne
4013040	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langpangkong%20Range	Langpangkong Range	The Langpangkong Range is a mountain range in Nagaland, India. It one of the six major mountain ranges inhabited by the Ao people. It is located between the valleys of the Dikhu and Milak rivers in the Mokokchung District. An Ahom king who escaped from his capital (the present-day Sibsagar in Assam) due to court intrigues and rivalries, is believed to have taken refuge here. The cave where he apparently took shelter still remains in the area. Tuli town and Changtongya are the important towns of this range. National Highway 61 runs all along the top of the range. References Mountain ranges of India Landforms of Nagaland
4013045	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxy%20acid	Hydroxy acid	Hydroxy acid is a chemical from the following groups: Alpha hydroxy acid, with hydroxyl group attached to the carbon atom next to the carboxyl group. The carbon atom has number 2, and the names of the chemicals start with "2-hydroxy". Beta hydroxy acid, with hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom when counting from the carboxyl group. The carbon atom has number 3, and the names of the chemicals start with "3-hydroxy". Omega hydroxy acid, with hydroxyl group attached to the carbon atom most distant from the carboxyl group. The name "hydroxy acid" can also be used to describe other similar compounds. Ar:حمض هيدروكسي
4013046	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagirpally	Jagirpally	Jagirpally is a village in the Karimnagar District of Telangana, India. Coming under Saidapur Mandal, it is situated near the famous temple village Godisaala. During the Kakatiya dynasty, one of the Kakatiya senaani (army chiefs) built the Shiva temple here. This temple came into the light during some archaeological excavations and the people believed that this temple is more famous than the Vemulavaada temple (which now has a famous Shiva temple). Jagirpally is also near to Vangara, which is the hometown of the former Prime Minister of India, P.V. Narasimha Rao. History It is believed that some land was given to a person by the rulers, called the Jaageer. It was part of Saidapur Gram Panchayit's ward. Entire village received one ward but no political importance until the early 1990s. After the number of voters reached almost 1,000, the government elected separate Sarpanch elections to the village. Other Information Agriculture in this village is 100% based on the rain water, wells and under the lakes. Between 1990 and the early 2000s, there was a severe drought resulting in many people migrating to Hyderabad. Some, however, went to Dubai and worked in very bad conditions. There was no bank until the early 2010s in the village as people were not used to getting loans for crops. References Villages in Karimnagar district
4013052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil%20de%20Cardonnel%2C%202nd%20Baroness%20Dynevor	Cecil de Cardonnel, 2nd Baroness Dynevor	Cecil de Cardonnel, 2nd Baroness Dynevor (July 1735 – 14 March 1793) was a Welsh peeress. She was the daughter of William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot. Her mother was the daughter and heir of Adam de Cardonnel, British Secretary of War. Under the special remainder in the creation of the barony for her father, she and her heirs male were entitled to inherit the Barony of Dynevor. He father was also the 1st Earl Talbot (a title that became extinct on his death) and 2nd Baron Talbot of Hensol. That title was inherited by Lady Dynevor's cousin, John Chetwynd-Talbot. On 16 August 1756 she married George Rice. Rice was a Member of Parliament for county Carmarthenshire between 1754 and 1779 and Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthen from 1755 to 1779. Rice died on 3 August 1779. The widowed Lady Dinevor, took, by royal licence, the surname of de Cardonnel from 21 May 1787. She succeeded to the title in 1782, upon the death of her father. She died on 14 March 1793, at Dynevor Castle, aged 57. The title passed to her elder son, George Talbot-Rice who become the 3rd Baron Dynevor, resuming his paternal surname of Rice in 1827. 1735 births 1793 deaths 02 Dynevor, Cecil de Cardonnel, 2nd Baroness Dynevor, Cecil de Cardonnel, 2nd Baroness Cecil
4013055	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem%20Hesselink	Willem Hesselink	Willem Frederik Hesselink (8 February 1878 – 1 December 1973) was a Dutch football player and one of the founders of local club Vitesse Arnhem in 1892. He was known for his blue woolen cap, which he seemed to wear day and night, and was nicknamed the Cannon, although he was also referred to as the Doctor because of his doctorate in chemistry. Career In 1890, Hesselink had been part of an attempt to get a cricket club off the ground in Arnhem and two years later he was one of the founders of Vitesse Arnhem. Cricket was the initial activity of choice but football took over quickly and Hesselink was soon the star of the team. Hesselink also excelled in athletics, holding several national records including the long jump. A team made up of him and his brothers became national champions in tug of war. In 1899, he made the move to HVV and won the national championship twice. In 1900, Hesselink was a member of the HVV side that participated in the first edition of the Coupe Van der Straeten Ponthoz, regarded by many as the first-ever European club trophy. In the tournament, he scored one goal in the first round in an 8–1 trashing of hosts Léopold FC. He also featured in the final which ended in a 1–2 loss to RAP. In 1903, Hesselink moved to Munich to study Philosophy and Chemistry and joined FC Bayern Munich. Hesselink became Bayern's first international star. In three years he would grow out to be their star player, manager and chairman. Despite playing for FC Bayern Munich, during the years 1902-1905, he would still regularly play games for Vitesse Arnhem. In January 1906 Hesselink left Munich, leaving a club that had grown considerably in his time at the helm in the hands of Kurt Müller, and returned to the Netherlands. Hesselink continued his footballing career, rejoining Vitesse Arnhem and later becoming treasurer and president. International career In 1905 he started in the first-ever home match of the Netherlands national football team, a 4-0 victory against Belgium. Some historians attribute one of the goals scored to him. Personal life Over the years he built up a colourful curriculum vitae including doctorates in chemistry and philosophy, becoming director of the Keuringsdienst van Waren, being expert witness in several murder trials, founding a laboratory, and writing several health books. His thesis on the secrets of Port wine made on the banks of the Douro has proved to stand the tests of time and is still quoted regularly. He died in December 1973 aged 95. Honours Club HVV Dutch championship: Champions (2): 1899–00 and 1900–01 Coupe Van der Straeten Ponthoz: Runner-up (1): 1900 References 1878 births 1973 deaths Dutch footballers Dutch expatriate footballers Dutch football chairmen and investors Netherlands international footballers FC Bayern Munich board members FC Bayern Munich managers FC Bayern Munich footballers Expatriate footballers in Germany Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Germany SBV Vitesse players Footballers from Arnhem Dutch expatriate football managers Dutch football managers Expatriate football managers in Germany Association football forwards
4013057	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline%20Smith	Pauline Smith	Pauline Janet Smith (2 April 1882 – 29 January 1959) was a South African novelist, short story writer, memoirist and playwright. Life Pauline Smith was born on 2 April 1882 in Oudtshoorn, South Africa, and grew up in the Little Karoo. She was the elder of two daughters born to Herbert Urmson Smith, an English doctor, and his Scottish wife Jessie, from Aberdeen. At the age of thirteen she was sent to boarding school in Scotland. Smith never lived permanently in South Africa again, though throughout her life she made a number of extended visits to the country. Her extended visit of 1913–1914, and the journal that she kept, formed the basis of many stories of The Little Karoo and her novel The Beadle. In 1908 she met the English novelist Arnold Bennett, who encouraged her to write fiction about South Africa. Eventually she published the two works for which she is best known: the story collection The Little Karoo (1925), and the novel The Beadle (1926). Smith was also a friend of Frank Swinnerton. She died on 29 January 1959 in Dorset, England. A collection of her papers are held at the University of Cape Town. Works The Little Karoo. London : Jonathan Cape, 1925. With an introduction by Arnold Bennett. The Beadle. New York: Doran, 1927. A.B.: "... a minor marginal note". London: Jonathan Cape, 1933. Platkops Children. London, England: Cape, 1935. Hold Yourself Dear New York: J. Messner, 1965. References Further reading 1882 births 1959 deaths 20th-century South African novelists 20th-century South African women writers 20th-century short story writers People from Oudtshoorn South African women novelists South African women short story writers South African short story writers South African people of English descent South African people of Scottish descent Women memoirists
4013064	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20to%20Mystery%20City	Back to Mystery City	Back to Mystery City is the fourth studio album by the Finnish rock band Hanoi Rocks, released in 1983. It was produced by ex-Mott the Hoople members Dale Griffin and Pete "Overend" Watts, and was the first with Razzle on drums. Besides Hanoi Rocks, the album also features keyboardist Morgan Fisher, and Miriam Stockley on backing vocals, who had also sung with Pink Floyd. Song information "Strange Boys Play Weird Openings" An acoustic intro that Andy McCoy came-up with in the studio. "Malibu Beach Nightmare" McCoy wrote song at home while smoking hashish. The song was originally recorded in 1981 as a calypso version titled "Malibu Nightmare". This version was just made as a joke but it was re-recorded for this album, as a more serious rock song. The song was also released as a single. "Mental Beat" The song is about speed, and was inspired by Michael Monroe's wild behavior as a child. This was also the only song that (according to Pete Watts) drummer Razzle had a hard time recording. "Tooting Bec Wreck" This song was inspired by a London apartment full of rats, in Tooting Bec, where Hanoi Rocks lived. "Until I Get You" Andy McCoy wrote this song at the band's manager Seppo Vesterinen's house in Helsinki. McCoy hated the song but Razzle loved it, and wanted it on their next record. Ultimately, McCoy also fell in love with the song. The song is also a great example of Hanoi Rocks' melodic glam rock-style. Also, the arrangement for the song was inspired by Alice Cooper's "I'm Eighteen". L.A. Guns covered the song on their 2004 album Rips the Covers Off. "Sailing Down the Tears" Written in 10 minutes, but the band still loved the song. The song was written as a mid-tempo, standard 70's rock-, pop-song. "Lick Summer Love" This song sparked some controversy when it was released. McCoy wrote the song when he was 17 years old. The song deals with making love and having oral sex with his girlfriend. Monroe has since said that he thinks the song is an "awful slime-ball", and that he hated the lyrics. "Beating Gets Faster" A love-song written by Monroe and McCoy. "Ice Cream Summer" A song dealing with a summer romance. "Back to Mystery City" At the time of its release, the song was very popular, but it has since been overshadowed by the many other Hanoi Rocks' hits. Andy McCoy wrote the song about Hanoi Rocks' adventures in the Far-East, the band's fans and the buzz that was also surrounding the band in 1983. The song is also composed in the same style as Tommy James and the Shondells' song "Mony Mony". The song's title was inspired by the London club Mystery City. Critical reception In a contemporary review for The Village Voice, music critic Robert Christgau said that Monroe and McCoy lack hooks, are backed by "cute if over-calculated" dual guitar playing, and "yowl English-language lyrics that must impress Finns more than native speakers like myself." In 2005, Back to Mystery City was ranked number 293 in Rock Hard magazine's book The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time. Back to Mystery City is also featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Track listing Personnel Hanoi Rocks Michael Monroe – lead vocals, saxophone, harmonica Andy McCoy – lead guitar Nasty Suicide – rhythm guitar Sam Yaffa – bass Razzle – drums Additional personnel Morgan Fisher – keyboards Miriam Stockley – backing vocals Production Production personnel Producers: Dale Griffin and Pete "Overend" Watts Engineer: Andy Lyden Arrangers: Michael Monroe and Andy McCoy Other personnel Cover photo: Fin Costello Layout: Hilary Goodwright Remastering personnel Digitally remastered: Mika Jussila Reissue sleeve and booklet: Jari Mattila Chart positions Album Singles References Hanoi Rocks albums 1983 albums
4013068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahzad	Shahzad	Shahzad () or Shehzad is a given name and surname. The name is made from شاه (Shah, "king"), and زاد (Zad, "son of"), so the name means "son of the king". Notable persons with the name include: Surname: Ahmed Shehzad, Pakistani cricketer Ajmal Shahzad (born 1985), an English cricketer Faisal Shahzad (born 1979), Pakistani-American convicted in 2010 Times Square bomb attempt Khurram Shahzad, Pakistani weightlifter Mohammad Shahzad (born 1991), Afghan cricketer Muhammad Shehzad (born 2004), Pakistani cricketer Rameez Shahzad (born 1987), United Arab Emirati cricketer Syed Saleem Shahzad, Pakistani journalist Given name: Shehzad Tanweer, British Islamic terrorist and perpetrator of the 7/7 attacks Shazad Latif, British actor Shahzad Ukani, Ugandan cricketer. See also Shahzade (disambiguation) Shah Şehzade Persian-language surnames Persian masculine given names
4013082	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Bosco%20Institute%20of%20Technology%2C%20Mumbai	Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai	Don Bosco Institute of Technology is a private engineering college situated at Kurla (West), Mumbai affiliated with the University of Mumbai. It has been granted a "Religious Minority" status (Roman Catholics). History In 2005, the college was ranked 84 in the list of top technical colleges in India in a Dataquest-IDC-NASSCOM Survey. Degree programs The college, under the University of Mumbai, offers bachelor's degrees in engineering in the following programs: Mechanical engineering - 120 seats Electronics and telecommunications engineering - 60 seats Computer engineering - 60 seats Information technology - 60 seats The program is divided into 8 semesters spread over 4 years. Granted a religious minority quota, 51% of all seats are reserved for Roman Catholics. Extracurricular activities and festivals The College has an annual inter-college technical festival organized by the student committee which is called "Colosseum". In 2016, the college started "Hysteria,” which is the cultural and sports mega fest for all the institutions that come under DBCL. At the end of even semester, each year the final year students have 'Innovex' where they showcase their final year projects. The college also organizes Teknack, a 2-day inter-collegiate online technical festival. It started off as a intra college online festival, and is organised every year in the month of February. See also Don Bosco College of Engineering References Salesian schools Educational institutions established in 2001 Engineering colleges in Mumbai Affiliates of the University of Mumbai All India Council for Technical Education Catholic universities and colleges in India 2001 establishments in Maharashtra
4013083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Bosco%20Institute%20of%20Technology	Don Bosco Institute of Technology	Don Bosco Institute of Technology is the name of various technical institutions across the world: Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Bangalore See also Don Bosco Technical Institute Don Bosco School (disambiguation)
4013084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dainik%20Bhaskar	Dainik Bhaskar	Dainik Bhaskar is an Indian Hindi-language daily newspaper owned by the Dainik Bhaskar Group. According to Audit Bureau of Circulations, it is ranked 4th in the world by circulation and is the largest newspaper in India by circulation. Started in Bhopal in 1958, it expanded in 1983 with the launch of Dainik Bhaskar's Indore edition. Dainik Bhaskar Group is present in 12 states with 65 editions in Hindi, Marathi and Gujarati. History Subah Savere was launched in 1948 to fulfill the need for a Hindi-language daily newspaper. It launched under the name Subah Savere in Bhopal and Good Morning India in Gwalior. In 1957, the newspaper was renamed Bhaskar Samachar. In 1958, the newspaper was renamed Dainik Bhaskar. The word Bhaskar means "the Rising Sun" in English. Along with its rising sun graphic, was meant to represent a bright future. Expansion By 1995, Dainik Bhaskar had emerged as the number 1 newspaper in Madhya Pradesh (MP) and was declared the fastest-growing daily in India by a readership survey. The newspaper decided to expand outside MP and identified Jaipur, the capital city of Rajasthan, as the market with the highest potential. In 1996, Dainik Bhaskar's goal was to enter Jaipur as the No. 2 newspaper (in terms of circulation) on its first day, with 50,000 copies. To achieve this target, an in-house team of 700 surveyors surveyed 200,000 potential newspaper households in Jaipur. Based on survey feedback, they went back to each of the households surveyed to show them a prototype of the newspaper and gave them the option of an advance subscription. The customers were offered a subscription price of ₹1.50 (a discount compared to the newsstand price of ₹2), and a refund in case of dissatisfaction. When Dainik Bhaskar launched in Jaipur on 19 December 1996, it was the No. 1 newspaper by selling 172,347 copies. Amar Ujala, is a Hindi-dialect day by day daily paper distributed in India. It has 19 versions in seven states and one union domain covering 167 regions. It has a course of around two million copies. Rajasthan Patrika, the former leader had a circulation of around 100,000 copies at that time. Dainik Bhaskar successfully adopted a similar model in other cities of Rajasthan, including Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kota, Udaipur, and Ajmer Sikar, becoming the No.1 urban newspaper of the entire state by 1999. The next target was Chandigarh. It launched a customer survey in January 2000, covering 220,000 households. At that time, the English language newspapers in Chandigarh outsold the Hindi newspapers sixfold, with The Tribune as the leader with a circulation of approximately 50,000 copies. Dainik Bhaskar's survey suggested that residents of Chandigarh preferred English newspapers due to quality perceptions. As a result, the newspaper incorporated the local Chandigarh dialect in the design, mixing Hindi and English. Dainik Bhaskar launched in Chandigarh in May 2000 with 69,000 copies sold making it No.1 in the city. In June 2000, Dainik Bhaskar entered Haryana, with 271,000 copies. In 2006, Dainik Bhaskar launched in Punjab with the Amritsar and Jalandhar editions and became the No.1 newspaper on the first day, displacing established legacy players. Later, it increased its presence in Punjab in Ludhiana and Bhatinda. In 2010, Dainik Bhaskar entered the Jharkhand market with the launch of a Ranchi edition, followed by Jamshedpur and Dhanbad editions. In January 2014, Dainik Bhaskar entered Bihar with a successful launch in Patna It followed with launch of Muzaffarpur, Bhagalpur and Gaya editions in 2015. In April 2014, Dainik Bhaskar launched an online Hindi edition in Uttar Pradesh. In June 2017, Dainik Bhaskar launched its Hindi News on three different platforms i.e. Android, iOS and Windows. 2021 income tax raids On 22 July 2021, Income Tax Department conducted tax raids at 30 locations of Dainik Bhaskar Group in Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra under charges of alleged tax evasion The homes of a few of the employees were also raided. In a statement released by Dainik Bhaskar, they claimed that the raids have been done after they exposed mismanagement of COVID by the government and published true COVID-19 death statistics. They also alleged that mobile phones of the employees were seized and employees were barred from leaving. Congress leader Jairam Ramesh said the media house is “paying the price” for its coverage during the pandemic. "Through its reporting Dainik Bhaskar has exposed the Modi regime’s monumental mismanagement of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is now paying the price. An Undeclared Emergency as Arun Shourie has said — this is a Modified Emergency," he tweeted. Several other leaders including Rajasthan chief minister Ashok Gehlot, Delhi chief minister Arvind Kejriwal, West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee also condemned the incident and expressed the common viewpoint of the raids being a "mode of intimidation". The Editors Guild of India also expressed concern about the income tax raids on Dainik Bhaskar. Union Minister and BJP MP Anurag Thakur has denied any government interference and claimed agencies are doing their job. At last, it was claimed that tax evasion of 7,000,000,000 INR has taken place over the period of six years. Editions Dainik Bhaskar has five editions in Madhya Pradesh, one edition in Uttar Pradesh, four editions in Chhattisgarh, 12 editions in Rajasthan, three editions in Haryana, four editions in Punjab, four editions in Bihar, three editions Jharkhand and one edition each in Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir. References External links Hindi-language newspapers Mass media in Bhopal Mass media in Rajasthan Daily newspapers published in India Newspapers published in Muzaffarpur Newspapers published in Patna Newspapers published in Gaya, India Newspapers published in Bhagalpur Publications established in 1958 Mass media in Ujjain Mass media in Indore Newspapers published in Aurangabad, Bihar 1958 establishments in Madhya Pradesh Indian news websites
4013099	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard%20interval	Guard interval	In telecommunications, guard intervals are used to ensure that distinct transmissions do not interfere with one another, or otherwise cause overlapping transmissions. These transmissions may belong to different users (as in TDMA) or to the same user (as in OFDM). The purpose of the guard interval is to introduce immunity to propagation delays, echoes and reflections, to which digital data is normally very sensitive. Use in digital communications systems In OFDM, the beginning of each symbol is preceded by a guard interval. As long as the echoes fall within this interval, they will not affect the receiver's ability to safely decode the actual data, as data is only interpreted outside the guard interval. In TDMA, each user's timeslot ends with a guard interval. Thus, the guard interval protects against data loss within the same timeslot, and protects the following user's timeslot from interference caused by propagation delay. It is a common misconception that TDMA timeslots begin with the guard interval, as with OFDM. However, in specifications for TDMA systems such as GSM, the guard period is defined as being at the end of the timeslot. Longer guard periods allow more distant echoes to be tolerated but reduce channel efficiency. For example, in DVB-T, guard intervals are available as 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 or 1/4 of a symbol period. The shortest interval (1/32) provides the lowest protection and the highest data rate; the longest interval (1/4) provides the highest protection but the lowest data rate. Ideally, the guard interval is set to just above the delay spread of the channel. 802.11 guard interval The standard symbol guard interval used in IEEE 802.11 OFDM is . To increase data rate, 802.11n added optional support for a guard interval. This provides an 11% increase in data rate. To increase coverage area, IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) provides optional support for , , and guard intervals. The shorter guard interval results in a higher packet error rate when the delay spread of the channel exceed the guard interval and/or if timing synchronization between the transmitter and receiver is not precise. A scheme could be developed to work out whether a short guard interval would be of benefit to a particular link. To reduce complexity, manufacturers typically only implement a short guard interval as a final rate adaptation step when the device is running at its highest data rate. See also Interpacket gap Cyclic prefix Intersymbol interference References External links Technical Standard GSM 05.05 Radio Transmission and Reception. Contains descriptions and diagrams of the GSM use of TDMA timeslots, bursts, and guard periods. Guard interval and ISI-free OFDM transmission. Online experiment illustrates ISI-free OFDM transmission if guard time is longer or equal to the channel's maximum delay spread. Multiplexing
4013113	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee%20Status%20Appeals%20Authority	Refugee Status Appeals Authority	The New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals Authority or RSAA, was an independent authority that heard the appeals of people who had been declined refugee status by the Refugee Status Branch of the New Zealand Immigration Service. It was established in 1991, and was replaced by the Immigration and Protection Tribunal in 2010. New Zealand established the RSAA as part of its responsibility to uphold the right of asylum as a result of being a signatory of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol. The decisions of the RSAA are not binding, but have had a significant impact on refugee jurisprudence. The RSAA was composed of a Chairperson and 24 Members (part-time and full-time), all of whom were either legal practitioners or retired judges. The most high-profile case adjudged by the RSAA was that of Ahmed Zaoui, whose appeal was eventually successful. Jurisdiction and statutory authority The RSAA was created under the prerogative powers of the New Zealand Executive (Cabinet) in 1991. The RSAA was later given statutory authority on October 1, 1999 in the Immigration Amendment Act 1999. The RSAA's jurisdiction allowed the body to hear and decide any appeal by a person who had been declined refugee status by a Refugee Status Officer (RSO). The RSAA also made decisions regarding direct applications, cancellation of refugee status when the Refugee Convention may have no longer applied, and when recognition of refugee status should cease due to attaining refugee status by forgery, false or misleading information or concealment of relevant information. The authority was established to work as an independent appellate body. The RSAA was headed by the Chairman who had the discretion to appoint people to hear appeals as he saw fit. The Immigration Act stated the Chairperson “is responsible for making such arrangements as are necessary or desirable to ensure the orderly and expeditious discharge of the functions of the Authority.” The RSAA was governed by sections 129N – 129Z of the Immigration Amendment Act 1999. The two main functions were: “to hear appeals brought under section 129O from determinations by RSO’s not to recognise a claimant as a refugee”; and “to make determinations in relation to a person's refugee status on applications made by RSO’s under section 129L(1)(f)." Proceedings For a claim to be successful, the claimant had to establish a "well-founded fear of persecution" by fulfilling the standard of proof. To determine whether this standard had been met, the RSAA had the powers of the Commission of Enquiry to verify facts and produce likely scenarios that may occur upon the claimant's return to their country of origin. These powers of enquiry were important considering the unique nature of the cases the body was dealing with. The RSAA interpreted ‘well-founded fear’ as meaning a ‘real chance’ that persecution would occur. This was to avoid formulating possibilities that may not eventuate. If the RSAA decided there was a real chance of persecution, they would then have to establish whether this fear was due to a reason outlined in the Refugee Convention. The second element of a successful claim was for the appellant to establish the onus of the claim. This was to prevent the decision-maker abusing the power of having the onus. The RSAA operated according to the following principles: Gave the "benefit of doubt" to the claimant when facts or scenarios could not be determined. Maintained a low threshold for proving of a ‘real chance’ of persecution. Conducted proceedings in a non-adversarial manner. Relationship with the Refugee Convention and human rights The RSAA had an interesting legal status. The Refugee Convention was not incorporated into New Zealand domestic law, but a framework was inserted in section 129A of the Immigration Act 1987 which emphasised full compliance with the Refugee Convention. This meant that the RSAA could completely focus on the Convention, and also consider international jurisdictions and scholarship in their decisions. The RSAA used the good faith principle laid out in the article 31 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties to interpret the Refugee Convention. The RSAA also looked to international human rights treaties for guidance such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Bill of Human Rights. Due to its ability to take all of these sources into account, the RSAA was praised for its clarity. This opened up an opportunity for the RSAA to make decisions that were significant internationally. Contribution to international refugee jurisprudence Failure of state protection A successful claimant must have shown that their state of origin had failed or will fail to prevent a real chance of persecution. In order to clear up this confusing area, the RSAA added four criteria, which Doug Tennant summarised as being: Persecution committed by state concerned. Persecution condoned by state concerned. Persecution tolerated by state concerned. Persecution not condoned or tolerated by state concerned, but present due to refusal or unable to offer protection. These criteria put an emphasis on state failure to protect as opposed to the focusing on state complicity to persecution. Member of a particular social group One of the grounds for being a refugee is membership of a particular social group. The RSAA made numerous important decisions in this area. The RSAA decided to follow the approach in Ward to determine a particular social group by identifying crucial factors of an individual's identity or conscience. This is referred to as a “protected characteristic.” The RSAA made high-profile decisions concerning sexual orientation and gender discrimination as particular social groups for the purposes of the Refugee Convention. Sexual orientation In Refugee Appeal No 1312/93 the claimant had become a practicing homosexual since his arrival in New Zealand. He was originally from Iran and it was well established that homosexuality would be punished if he was sent back home. The RSAA had to decide whether having a certain sexual orientation constituted a membership of a particular social group. The RSAA held that homosexuality was a particular social group. The Authority was guided by writings by James C. Hathaway, the US Courts, the Supreme Court of Canada and human rights to come to this decision. This approach towards sexual orientation was cited by the House of Lords in Islam Secretary of State for the Home Department and Regina v Immigration Appeal Tribunal + another ex parte Shah AP. Gender discrimination Both Refugee Appeal No 2039/93 and Refugee Appeal No 71427/99 held that in certain circumstances being a woman can amount to being a member of a particular social group. In Refugee Appeal No 2039/93 the claimant was not a virgin and if she was returned home and forced to marry, this could have potentially resulted in her death. The claimant in this case had also under-gone a ‘self-awareness process’ that made her opposed to the oppression of women in Iranian society. In Refugee Appeal No 71427/99 the claimant had divorced her abusive husband and had rediscovered her child he had adopted out without her knowing. If she had been returned to Iran, she would have been subjected to death or imprisonment. In both of these cases the RSAA used human rights approaches to decide that in some cases being a woman constituted membership of a particular social group. Particular rights that were considered included: right to privacy, the right to life, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, the right not to be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment and right not to marry without full and free consent. The RSAA also took into account Iranian society and its tolerance of domestic violence and the denial to recognise women as human beings possessing the same status as men. The gender discrimination cases were also ground-breaking because they established that persecution was "serious harm + failure of state protection". Both of these elements must be present for there to be refugee status. However, only one of these grounds needs to have a nexus with the Refugee Convention. For example, in Refugee Appeal No 71427/99 a link with the Refugee Convention could only be found with the failure of state protection. The RSAA held that a link with one of the constructs was sufficient for refugee status. This approach was followed by the Australian High Court in Khawar. High profile cases Zaoui case Zaoui’s case received a lot of media attention in New Zealand since it was the first time a New Zealand security risk certificate was awarded. When Zaoui first arrived in New Zealand, he claimed asylum following a military coup in Algeria. The Refugee Status Branch of the New Zealand Immigration Service, said there was a well-founded fear of persecution, but refugee status was denied due to evidence given by the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) that indicated Zaoui's involvement in criminal and terrorist activity. On appeal to the RSAA, refugee status was awarded. However, the security risk certificate that was issued resulted in over two years in detention. In a Supreme Court decision, Zaoui was successful in being released from detention, indicating that a security risk certificate should not override a RSAA decision. In Zaoui v Attorney-General (No 2) the Supreme Court established that it was the role of the Minister of Immigration and not the Inspector-General to determine whether Zaoui was a threat that should be removed from New Zealand. The Zaoui case reached a conclusion in September 2007, when the SIS withdrew their objections and Zaoui was allowed to remain in New Zealand. Refugee Appeal No. 76204 This appeal case involved the third appeal of an Iranian claimant who had converted to Christianity. The first appeal was unsuccessful due to issues of credibility and the second appeal was unsuccessful due to his provision of false documentation. His case attracted media attention during his time in prison awaiting his deportation to Iran when he started religious fasting. The media attention meant that Iran became aware of the claimant's conversion, putting him in danger if he did return home. The RSAA decided the third appeal in the claimant's favour due to a well-founded fear of persecution on the grounds of religion. Tamil X Case The claimant was an engineer on a ship that was owned by Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. The ship he was working on sank after it was fired upon by the Indian Navy. The claimant was charged with firing upon Indian Navy ships and was imprisoned in India for three years. Upon his release, he and his wife came to New Zealand claiming refugee status. The RSAA denied him refugee status due to his potential involvement in war crimes or crimes against humanity. At the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the court ruled that there was not enough evidence that the claimant had been involved in a war crime or crime against humanity to put him under the exclusion clause contained in article 1F of the Refugee Convention. His appeal was allowed, and case re-emitted to the RSAA. Replacement by the Immigration and Protection Tribunal The RSAA was replaced by the Immigration and Protection Tribunal (IPT) on November 29, 2010. The IPT was established by section 217 of the Immigration Act 2009. The IPT subsumed four bodies that were formally, the Residence Review Board, Removal Review Authority, Refugee Status Appeals Authority and the Deportation Review Tribunal. References External links Official Site Immigration Amendment Act 1999 Immigration and Protection Tribunal Official Website Refugee/Protection Decisions New Zealand Refugee Law Official Website RefNZ Case Search RefNZ RSAA Annual Reports Immigration and Protection Tribunal Annual Reports Ref World \| Refugee Status Appeals Authority UNHCR: UN Refugee Agency Official Website Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees Universal Declaration of Human Rights International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties Convention on the Rights of the Child Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women Convention against Torture Refugee aid organizations Asylum tribunals Immigration to New Zealand Right of asylum in New Zealand
4013135	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neil%20Longson	O'Neil Longson	O'Neil Longson is an American professional poker player from Las Vegas, Nevada, who has won three bracelets at the World Series of Poker. Poker career Longson first finished in the money at the World Series of Poker (WSOP) in 1980, finishing 4th in the $1,000 No Limit Hold'em event. In 1990 in the $5,000 Pot limit Omaha event, he finished 2nd to former world champion Amarillo Slim. He had another second-place finish in the 1991 in the $1,500 no limit hold'em event, where he finished 2nd to Brent Carter. He also cashed in the $10,000 no limit hold'em main event that year, finishing 12th. Longson was again close to winning a WSOP bracelet in 1992, finishing 2nd to Hoyt Corkins in the $5,000 pot limit Omaha event. Longson eventually won a WSOP bracelet in 1994 World Series of Poker in the $1,500 pot limit Omaha event, defeating a final table including Surinder Sunar and T. J. Cloutier. He defeated J. C. Pearson during the heads-up play. He won a second bracelet in 2003 in the $5,000 no limit deuce to seven draw event, defeating a final table including runner-up Allen Cunningham, Bill Baxter, Chris Ferguson and Howard Lederer. His third and most recent bracelet came in the 2005 $1,500 Seven-Card Razz event, defeating a final table including runner-up Bruno Fitoussi, Archie Karas, and Mickey Wernick. As of 2009, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,100,000. His 26 cashes at the WSOP account for $994,195 of those winnings. Longson plays fewer tournaments than he used to as he is hard of hearing and now chooses to concentrate on cash games instead. His overwhelmingly aggressive style was noted in "Pot-Limit & No-Limit Poker" by Stewart Reuben and Bob Ciaffone, and his signature colossal preflop raises and betting in the dark continue to astound and confuse opponents years later. (1) His son, Matt Longson, is an amateur poker player. World Series of Poker Bracelets Notes External links Hendon Mob tournament results American poker players People from the Las Vegas Valley Deaf people from the United States Living people World Series of Poker bracelet winners Year of birth missing (living people) Place of birth missing (living people)
4013136	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertador%20General%20San%20Mart%C3%ADn%20Bridge	Libertador General San Martín Bridge	The Libertador General San Martín Bridge () is a cantilever road bridge that crosses the Uruguay River and joins Argentina and Uruguay. It runs between Puerto Unzué, near Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, and Fray Bentos, Río Negro Department, Uruguay, with a total length of 5,366 meters (3.7 mi) (4,220 meters (13,845 ft) in Argentine jurisdiction and 1,146 meters (3,760 ft) in Uruguayan territory). Studies for the construction of a bridge over the Uruguay River were started in 1960 by a joint commission, which decided that the best place for it would be between Puerto Unzué and Fray Bentos. In 1967 the two countries signed an agreement ratifying the location, and in 1972 the construction contract was awarded to the International Bridge Consortium (Consorcio Puente Internacional), setting the cost at $ 21.7 million, then adjusted upwards. The bridge is named after José de San Martín, a major figure in the struggle for independence in Argentina, Chile and Peru. It was officially inaugurated on September 16, 1976. It was opened for public use and the next day it started functioning under a toll regime. See also General Artigas Bridge Salto Grande Bridge Cellulose plant conflict between Argentina and Uruguay References Puentes sobre el Río Uruguay (in Spanish) External links Bridges in Argentina Bridges in Uruguay Buildings and structures in Entre Ríos Province Buildings and structures in Río Negro Department Toll bridges Bridges completed in 1976 Argentina–Uruguay border crossings International bridges Bridges over the Uruguay River Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos Fray Bentos 1976 establishments in Argentina 1976 establishments in Uruguay Cantilever bridges
4013139	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaatsiaq	Kangaatsiaq	Kangaatsiaq (, old spelling: Kangâtsiaq) is a town located in the Qeqertalik municipality in western Greenland. The town received town status as recently as 1986, though as a settlement it has existed much longer. It has 520 inhabitants as of 2020. Nearby settlements are Attu, Niaqornaarsuk, Ikerasaarsuk and Iginniarfik. Economy Fishing and seal hunting are the main sources of income for the residents. Kangaatsiaq has a fish factory producing dried fish and shrimp. Facilities The town of Kangaatsiaq has a supermarket, kindergarten with 26 children, and a primary school (1st to 10th grade) with 150 pupils. A hostel called 'The Lodge' with space for six people is the only accommodation for tourists. Transport Air Greenland serves the village as part of government contract, with winter-only helicopter flights from Kangaatsiaq Heliport to Aasiaat Airport and several villages in the Aasiaat Archipelago. Settlement flights in the archipelago are unique in that they are operated only during winter and spring. During summer and autumn, when the waters of Disko Bay are navigable, communication between settlements is by sea only, serviced by Diskoline. The ferry links Kangaatsiaq with Ikerasaarsuk, Attu, Iginniarfik, Niaqornaarsuk, and Aasiaat. Wildlife The area has a rich Arctic wildlife including reindeer, Arctic fox, and Arctic hare. Marine mammals include ringed seal, harbor seal, hooded seal, bearded seal, harp seal, humpback whale (typically in summer), minke whale, fin whale, narwhal, and beluga. When the sea ice comes, sometimes walrus and polar bear can be seen. Birdlife includes raven, ptarmigan, various species of seagull, eider, king eider, guillemot, falcon, eagle, snowy owl, snow bunting, Arctic tern, and more. Population The population of Kangaatsiaq has fluctuated over the last two decades, decreasing over the last several years. References External links Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland − geology of the Kangaatsiaq area greenland.com Brief tourist information on Kangaatsiaq. Disko Bay Populated places in Greenland Populated places of Arctic Greenland Qeqertalik
4013141	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%2C%20India	Mon, India	Mon (Pron:/mɒn/) is a town located in the Mon District of the Indian state of Nagaland. Geography Mon is located at . It has an average elevation of 655 metres (2,148 feet). It is situated at an altitude of 2,945 ft (898 m) above sea level. It is at a distance of 357 km from Kohima via Dimapur and 280 km from Dimapur, 275 km from Kohima via Mokokchung, Tamlu and Wakching. Home of the Konyaks, the town was established at the land of Chi and Mon villages. It is centrally located for the coronation of Anghs (chiefs). Demographics India census, Mon had a population of 16,590 with 9,138 males and 7,452 females. Mon has an average literacy rate of 71%, slightly lower than the national average of 76%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 66%. In Mon, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age. The Konyaks and the Aos are the two tribes that constitute almost the entire urban population of present-day Mon town. References Cities and towns in Mon district
4013148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20Bhimsingh	A. Bhimsingh	A. Bhimsingh or Bhim Singh (1924–1978) was an Indian filmmaker who worked predominantly in Tamil cinema. Apart from Tamil, he made films in other languages that include 18 films in Hindi, 8 films in Telugu, 5 films in Malayalam and 1 film in Kannada. Hailing from Andhra Pradesh, he started his film career as an assistant editor with the film-making duo Krishnan–Panju in the late 1940s. Later, he became an assistant director before evolving as an independent director. His films mainly dealt with family and relationships. He made a series of films all of which started with the Tamil syllable pa, mainly with Sivaji Ganesan. Personal life Bhimsingh was married to Sona, sister of Krishnan, in 1949. He had eight children with her; one of his eight children, B. Lenin is a film editor, and another son of his, B. Kannan, is a cinematographer, who is known for his frequent collaborations with many of Bharathiraja. Later, Bhimsingh's eldest son Naren married Panju's daughter. Bhimsingh was also married to actress Sukumari in 1959 and has a son Suresh Bhimsingh. Filmography Pa series Many of Bhimsingh's films began with the syllable Pa, starred Sivaji Ganesan, had music by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy, and lyrics by Kannadasan. According to Ganesan, Bhimsingh hardly imagined that he would make a series of films that began with the letter Pa, implying that he "might have thought about it at first because his name starts with the same letter in Tamil. Later he might have decided to stay on with this letter for sentimental reasons." As an actor 1975: Cinema Paithyam Recurring collaborators Bhimsingh frequently associated with the same crew members. These included the assistant director duo Thirumalai–Mahalingam (who later became proper directors on films produced and written by Bhimsingh), cinematographer G. Vittal Rao and editor A. Paul Duraisingam. Ganesan appeared in 18 films directed by Bhimsingh, starting with Raja Rani (1956). Accolades National Film Awards 1959: President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Bhaaga Pirivinai 1960: Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Kalathur Kannamma 1961: All India Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film – Paava Mannippu 1961: Certificate of Merit for Second Best Feature Film in Tamil – Pasamalar 1964: Certificate of Merit for Second Best Feature Film in Tamil – Pazhani References External links Telugu film directors Tamil film directors 1924 births 1978 deaths 20th-century Indian film directors Malayalam film directors Hindi-language film directors Telugu film editors Tamil film editors People from Chittoor district Film directors from Andhra Pradesh Screenwriters from Andhra Pradesh Film producers from Andhra Pradesh People from Anantapur district Film editors from Andhra Pradesh 20th-century Indian screenwriters
4013155	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen%20Thomas	Owen Thomas	Owen Thomas may refer to: People Owen Thomas (journalist), UK radio and television reporter/presenter Owen Thomas (writer) (born 1972), former editor of Valleywag Owen Thomas (politician) (1858–1923), MP for Anglesey, 1918–1923 Owen Thomas (darts player) (born 1964), Welsh darts player Owen Thomas (playwright) (born 1976), Welsh playwright Owen John Thomas (born 1939), former Plaid Cymru politician Owen Thomas, University of Pennsylvania football player and subject of a ground-breaking study on chronic traumatic encephalopathy Owen Thomas, lead singer in American rock band The Elms Other Owen Thomas (automobile company), founded in 1908 in Janesville, Wisconsin See also Dudley Owen-Thomas (born 1948), English lawyer and former first-class cricketer Thomas, Owen
4013161	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshinaranjan%20Mitra%20Majumder	Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumder	Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumdar (15 April 1877 – 30 March 1956) was an Indian writer in Bengali of fairy tales and children's literature. He was born at Ulail in Dhaka district of Bengal province in British India (now Dhaka District of Bangladesh). His major contribution to Bengali literature was the collection and compilation of Bengali folk and fairy tales in four volumes – Thakurmar Jhuli (Grandmother's Bag of Tales), Thakurdadar Jhuli (Grandfather's Bag of Tales), Thandidir Thale (Maternal-Grandmother's Bag of Tales) and Dadamashayer Thale (Maternal-Grandfather's Bag of Tales). Early life Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumdar was born in the village of Ulail, near Savar in Dhaka district. He lost his mother when he was nine, and was brought up by his paternal aunt, Rajlakkhi Devi, in Mymensingh. Dakhshinaranjan recounts the memories of listening to fairytales told by his mother as well as his aunt, in his introduction to Thakurmar Jhuli. At the age of twenty-one, he moved to Murshidabad with his father. Education was not his strong suit, he had to change schools multiple times. However, his father's collection of books was a comfort to him. In Murshidabad, he began to write in different journals, including the Sahitya Parisat Patrika and Pradip. At 25, he published a collection of poems called Utthan (Ascent). On completing his F.A. degree, he returned to Mymensingh, and took over the task of overseeing his aunt's zamindari. Contribution to folk literature Rabindranath Tagore notes in his introduction to Thakurmar Jhuli, that there was a dire need for folk literature of Bengal to be revived because the only such works available to the reading public of the time were European fairytales and their translations. He expressed the need for a swadeshi or indigenous folk literature that would remind the people of Bengal of their rich oral traditions. This would be a method of contending the cultural imperialism of the British. Dakhshinaranjan's aunt, Rajlakkhi Debi had given him the duty of visiting the villages in their zamindari. Dakhshinaranjan travelled and listened to Bengali folktales and fairytales being narrated by the village elders. He recorded this material with a phonograph that he carried, and listened to the recordings repeatedly, imbibing the style. Inspired by Dinesh Chandra Sen, he edited and published the material he had collected in Thakurmar Jhuli(1907), Thakurdadar Jhuli(1909), Thandidir Thale(1909), and Dadamashayer Thale(1913). He also translated fairytales from different parts of the world in the collection Prithibir Rupkotha (Fairytales of the World). Other contributions Dakshinaranjan also edited a number of journals such as Sudha (1901–1904), Sarathi (1908) and Path (1930–1932). He was the mouthpiece of the Bengal Scientific Council of which he was vice-president from 1930 to 1933. As president of the Scientific Terminology Board of the Council he was able to contribute to the development of terminology. Death He died of gastric ulcer in his Kolkata residence, on 30 March 1957. Works Thakurmar Jhuli (1907)- This anthology has attained iconic status in Bengali children's literature. In his introduction, Tagore noted that Dakhshinaranjan has successfully put into writing, the linguistic flavour of traditional oral tales. In 1907, Thakurmar Jhuli was published by the renowned publisher, Bhattacharya and Sons. Within a week, three thousand copies were sold. Several illustrations for the collection were also drawn by the author. His drawings were turned into lithographs for printing. Thakurdadar Jhuli (1909)- The tales in this collection are notable for their frequent use of song. The author notes in the introduction, that these were ritual tales, to be told and sung to pregnant women, or on the occasion of the completion of a religious vow or brata. Thandidir Thale (1909) Dadamashayer Thale (1913) Charu O Haru First Boy Last Boy Utpal O Rabi Banglar Bratakatha Sabuj Lekha Amar Desh Ashirbad O Ashirbani Manush Kishore Kishorder Man Banglar Sonar Chhele Bijnaner Rupkatha Natun Katha Rupak Katha Srishtir Swapna Chiradiner Rupkatha Amar Bai Karmer murti Sonar chala References 1877 births 1957 deaths Bengali writers Bengali-language writers Indian children's writers University of Calcutta alumni 20th-century Indian people Writers from Dhaka Krishnath College alumni Writers from Kolkata
4013173	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birecik	Birecik	Birecik (Greek and Latin: Birtha, ; ; , , Gaziantep dialect of Turkish: Berecig), also formerly known as Bir, Biré, Biradjik and during the Crusades as Bile, is a town and district of Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey, on the River Euphrates. Built on a limestone cliff 400 ft. high on the left/east bank of the Euphrates, "at the upper part of a reach of that river, which runs nearly north-south, and just below a sharp bend in the stream, where it follows that course after coming from a long reach flowing more from the west". Archaeology Birecik Dam Cemetery is an Early Bronze Age cemetery near Birecik. It was used extensively for about 500 years at the beginning of the third millennium BC. More than 300 graves were excavated here in 1997 and 1998. The site was discovered during the building of the Birecik Dam as part of the GAP project. The cemetery was used between 3100-2600 BC. History Ancient city The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica identified Birecik with ancient Apamea or its suburb Seleucia and described it as opposite Zeugma, with which it was connected by a bridge of boats. At the same time, it added that "the place seems to have had a pre-Seleucid existence as Birtha, a name which revived under Roman rule". Later discoveries have shown that the identification with Apamea and its Zeugma (the word zeugma meant junction and referred to a junction of roads at a point where a pontoon bridge crossed a river) is false: Bali, some 17 kilometres upstream is now seen as the site of Zeugma, and there may have been no bridge of boats at Birtha/Birecik until the crossings at Zeugma and at Tell-Ahmar (further down) lost popularity. These, rather than the crossing at Birecik/Birtha may therefore be what the 1911 publication said "was used from time immemorial in the passage from North Syria to Haran (Charrae), Edessa and North Mesopotamia, and was second in importance only to that at Thapsacus, by which crossed the route to Babylon and South Mesopotamia." The placing of Apamea-Zeugma further upstream and the identification of Birecik with Roman Birtha was already stated in the American Journal of Archaeology in 1917; and William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) clearly identified Birtha with Birecik, although at another point it seems to confuse it with "the Zeugma of Commagene", the province on the right/west bank of the river. The name "Birtha" is found in no ancient Greek or Roman writer, although Bithra (Greek: ) (probably meant for "Birtha") appears in the account by Zosimus of the invasion of Mesopotamia by Roman Emperor Julian in AD 363. The Greeks at one stage called what is now Birecik by the name Macedonopolis (anglicized also as Makedonoupolis). The city represented by bishops at the First Council of Nicaea and the Council of Chalcedon is called by this name in Latin and Greek records, but Birtha in Syriac texts. A 6 AD inscription in Syriac found at Birecik contains an epitaph of Zarbian, "commander of Birtha". Timur Leng destroyed the town in the 14th century. Ottoman Birecik Birecik became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1516. It already had a dock at the time that was collecting tolls; the income from the tolls rose dramatically after Suleiman the Magnificent's campaign to conquer Baghdad in 1534 (see table). Meanwhile, by 1547 the Ottomans had chosen to make Birecik the site of a major imperial shipyard – the empire's first in Mesopotamia. Birecik's geography made it uniquely well-suited to play such a role: by the time it reaches Birecik, the Euphrates has already descended from the Taurus foothills, and the rest of its course consists of gentle slopes and wide valleys. In contrast, the Tigris has a steeper gradient at the same latitude, hindering navigation by larger ships. Towns on the upper Tigris like Diyarbakır or Cizre would have therefore been less suitable for a large naval base compared to Birecik. At the same time, Birecik has a wetter climate than settlements further downstream because it's closer to the Mediterranean coast in Syria, and the mountain regions nearby are able to support large mixed-growth forests to supply timber for shipbuilding. The city of Basra, despite having the advantage of being much further downstream and closer to the Persian Gulf, has a drier climate and therefore lacked a consistent supply of wood. The Portuguese explorer Pedro Teixeira noted this problem when he visited Basra in 1604: since importing timber was costly, locally-built ships were small and expensive. Although Basra did also become an Ottoman shipyard later on, Birecik had none of these disadvantages and remained the primary Ottoman shipyard in Mesopotamia. The first reference to the Ottoman shipyard at Birecik is in June 1547, when an Arab merchant from Basra named Hajji Fayat reported to the Portuguese governor in Hormuz about it. Hajji Fayat specifically referred to the abundance of timber as one of the reasons why the "large and well-populated" town of Birecik was such an advantageous shipbuilding location. Around that time, the Birecik shipyard employed 45 tax-exempt workers. The first documented order for ship construction at Birecik dates from July 1552, when the Ottoman Imperial Council commissioned 300 new ships to be built. In 1559, the Ottomans decided to deploy five new galliots at Basra to counter the presence of Portuguese ships near Ottoman ports, which was causing a decline in customs revenue. From October 1559 until February 1560, the Imperial Council wanted to build the ships at Birecik, but ultimately the vizier Sokullu Mehmed Pasha decided to send the materials to Basra instead and assemble the galliots there. The governor in Basra received the materials that summer. Later, as part of an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to reconquer Baghdad in 1629, the Ottoman vizier Hüsrev Pasha ordered 100 new ships to be built at Birecik. Modern history Birecik was the scene of an unusually cruel massacre and persecution of Armenians in 1895. Birecik Dam and hydroelectric power plant, part of the Southeastern Anatolia Project, is situated within the district. The Roman city of Zeugma is now drowned in the reservoir behind the dam. Zeugma's famous mosaics, including the 'river god', have been taken to Gaziantep Museum, but some rescued remains of Zeugma are exhibited in Birecik. With its rich architectural heritage, Birecik is a member of the Norwich-based European Association of Historic Towns and Regions (EAHTR) Bishopric As an episcopal see, Birtha/Birecik was a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Edessa, the capital of the Roman province of Osrhoene. This is attested in a Notitia Episcopatuum of 599, which assigns to it the first place among the suffragans. The names of three of its bishops are recorded in extant documents. Mareas signed the acts of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 as bishop of Macedonopolis, The chronicle of Michael the Syrian speaks of a Daniel of Birtha at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, while Giovanni Domenico Mansi calls him bishop of Macedonopolis. The Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite tells of a Bishop Sergius of Birtha who was entrusted by the Emperor Anastasius I Dicorus with refortifying the city, something that must have occurred after peace was made with the Persians in 504. The work was completed by Justinian. No longer a residential bishopric, Birtha is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. Demographics Unlike much of Şanlıurfa Province, the Birecik used to be more Turkish-dominated. Likewise, the native culture and Turkish dialect spoken by the Turks of Birecik is more similar to that of Gaziantep. In fact, a portion of Birecik feels more attached to Gaziantep than the rest of Şanlıurfa to the point that in 2018, Halfeti and Birecik were requested to become a part of Gaziantep Province. In 1918, Woodrow Wilson, the American president at the time, requested information on the ethnic demographics of the region. Through an urgent request from the Ministry of the Interior, in late 1918, the mutasarrifate of Urfa reported that there were roughly 26 thousand Turks, 2 thousand Kurds, 5 hundred Armenians in the kaza of Birecik, totaling to approximately 28.5 thousand people. Much of the Turkish population in the town and nearby villages migrated to cities to the west, especially Gaziantep and Istanbul, and gradually, the district and the town became half Turkish and half Kurdish with Kurds having a slight majority. Gallery See also Birecik Bridge Birecik Dam References External links District Governor's Office Picture gallery of this town Greek colonies in Anatolia Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey Roman towns and cities in Turkey Populated places in Şanlıurfa Province Populated places on the Euphrates River Districts of Şanlıurfa Province Catholic titular sees in Asia Aleppo vilayet Kurdish settlements in Turkey
4013182	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%20Steinberg	Leo Steinberg	Leo Steinberg (July 9, 1920 – March 13, 2011) was a Russian-born American art critic and art historian. Life Steinberg was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, the son of Isaac Nachman Steinberg, a Jewish lawyer and Socialist Revolutionary Party politician who was People's magistrate of Justice under Vladimir Lenin from 1917 to 1918. His family left the Soviet Union in 1923, and settled in Berlin, Germany. In 1933, after the Nazis came to power, the Steinbergs were forced to move again, this time to the United Kingdom. Intending to become an artist, Steinberg studied at the Slade School of Fine Art (part of the University of London). In 1945, encouraged by his older sister and her husband, Steinberg moved to New York City. For years he made a living writing art criticism and teaching art, including at the Parsons School of Design. In 1957, William Kolodney invited Steinberg to give a lecture series at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Change and Permanence in Western Art" focused on ten periods of art, dealing with problems or solutions with special relevance to modern thought and taste. The importance of his criticism of modern art was proven by his being included in Tom Wolfe's 1975 book The Painted Word, in which Steinberg, Harold Rosenberg, and Clement Greenberg were all labeled the "kings of Cultureburg" for the influence of their criticism. Steinberg eventually moved away from art criticism and developed a scholarly interest in such artists and architects as Francesco Borromini, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci. In 1960, he earned his PhD at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts with a dissertation on the architectural symbolism of Borromini's San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome. Subsequently, he taught at Hunter College of the City University of New York. In 1975, he was appointed Benjamin Franklin Professor of the History of Art at the University of Pennsylvania, where he taught until retiring in 1991. From 1995 to 1996, Steinberg was a guest professor at Harvard University, delivering the Charles Eliot Norton lectures on "The Mute Image and the Meddling Text." Steinberg approached the history of art in a revolutionary manner, helping to move it from a dry consideration of factual details, documents, and iconographic symbols to a more dynamic understanding of meaning conveyed via various artistic choices. For example, in 1972, Steinberg introduced the idea of the "flatbed picture plane" in his book Other Criteria, a collection of essays. The whole of the Summer, 1983, issue of the journal October was dedicated to Steinberg's essay The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion, later published as a book by Random House and by publishers in other countries. In that essay, Steinberg examined a previously ignored pattern in Renaissance art: the prominent display of the genitals of the infant Christ and the attention also drawn to that area in images of Christ near the end of his life, in both cases for specific theological reasons involving the concept of the Incarnation – the word of God made flesh. Steinberg died on March 13, 2011, in New York City at the age of 90. Steinberg's collection of 3,200 prints is held at The Leo Steinberg Collection, Blanton Museum of Art, University of Texas, Austin. His papers are held at the Getty Research Institute. Personal life In 1962 Steinberg married Dorothy Seiberling, an art editor for Life magazine; the marriage ended in divorce. For more than 40 years, Sheila Schwartz was his "indispensable collaborator", assistant and editor. Steinberg had no children. Awards 1983 Award in Literature from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters 1984, Frank Jewett Mather Award in Art Journalism, College Art Association 1986 MacArthur Fellows Program Thesis Steinberg's research particularly focused on the works of Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and other Italian Renaissance artists and their depictions of Christ in art. As a critic, he produced important work on Pablo Picasso, Jasper Johns and Willem de Kooning. One of his most significant essays was Contemporary Art and the Plight of its Public, which appeared in March 1962 in Harper's Magazine. Steinberg took an informal approach to criticism, sometimes using a first-person narrative in his essays, which personalized the experience of art for readers. This was in juxtaposition to many formalist critics at the time, such as Clement Greenberg, who were known to be resolute in their writing. In many of his writings, he expressed his love for art's ability not only to reflect life but also to become it and commented, "Anything anybody can do, painting does better." He believed that the difference between modern painting and that of the Old Masters was the viewer's subjective experience of that artwork. He also believed that Abstract Expressionist action painters, such as Jackson Pollock, were more concerned with creating good art than with merely expressing a personal identity on canvas, a point of view contrary to that held by Harold Rosenberg, another American art critic of Steinberg's era. Works Renaissance and Baroque Art: Selected Essays, edited by Sheila Schwartz (University of Chicago Press, 2020). Michelangelo's Painting: Selected Essays, edited by Sheila Schwartz (University of Chicago Press, 2019). Michelangelo's Sculpture: Selected Essays, edited by Sheila Schwartz (University of Chicago Press, 2018). Leo Steinberg: Selections Other Criteria: Confrontations with Twentieth Century Art, (Oxford University Press, 1972; reprinted University of Chicago Press, 2007). "Pontormo's Capponi Chapel." Art Bulletin 56, no. 3 (1974): 385–399. "Borromini's San Carlo alle quattro fontane: A Study in Multiple Form and Architectural Symbolism (Ph.D. diss., New York University, 1960). Garland Publishing, 1977. The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion. (Pantheon, 1983; revised edition University of Chicago Press, 1996.) Leonardo's Incessant Last Supper (Zone Books, 2001). "Contemporary Art and the Plight of its Public" Harper's 224 no. 1,342 (March 1962): 31–39. References External links " A Chat with Leo Steinberg", Artnet, Charlie Finch. "Expanded Text of Leo Steinberg Interview", The Washington Post, Blake Gopnik, October 5, 2008. "Leo's 'Last Supper': An Exchange", The New York Review of Books, Volume 49, Number 17, November 7, 2002. 1920 births 2011 deaths American art historians American art critics Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art New York University Institute of Fine Arts alumni University of Pennsylvania faculty Jewish American historians American male non-fiction writers Harvard University faculty Soviet emigrants to Germany Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom Hunter College faculty MacArthur Fellows Writers from New York City Historians from New York (state) 21st-century American Jews British emigrants to the United States
4013189	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast%20Greenland%20National%20Park	Northeast Greenland National Park	Northeast Greenland National Park (, ) is the world's largest national park and the 9th largest protected area (the only larger protected areas all consist mostly of sea). Established in 1974 and expanded to its present size in 1988, it protects of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but 29 of the world's 195 countries. It was the first national park to be created in the Kingdom of Denmark and remains Greenland's only national park. It is the northernmost national park in the world. It is the second largest by area of any second level subdivision of any country in the world trailing only the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada. Geography The park shares borders, largely laid out as straight lines, with the Sermersooq municipality in the south and with the Avannaata municipality in the west, partly along the 45° West meridian on the ice cap. The large interior of the park is part of the Greenland Ice Sheet, but there are also large ice-free areas along the coast and on Peary Land in the north. The park includes the King Frederick VIII Land and King Christian X Land geographical areas. The area is subject to larger loss of ice than expected. History Originally created on 22 May 1974 from the northern, practically uninhabited part of the former Ittoqqortoormiit Municipality in Tunu (East Greenland), in 1988 the park was expanded by another to its present size, adding the northeastern part of the former county of Avannaa (North Greenland). In January 1977 it was designated an international biosphere reserve. The park is overseen by the Greenland Department of Environment and Nature. The historical research camps on the ice sheet—Eismitte and North Ice—fall within the boundaries of the present-day park. Population The park has no permanent human population, although 400 sites see occasional summertime use. In 1986, the population of the park was 40, living at Mestersvig. These 40 were involved in cleanup and closeout operations at mining exploration sites and soon left. Since then censuses have recorded zero permanent human population. In 2008, only 31 people and about 110 dogs were present over winter in North East Greenland, distributed among the following stations (all on the coast, except Summit Camp): Daneborg (12) headquarters of the Sirius Patrol, the park policing agency Danmarkshavn (8) civilian weather station Station Nord (5) military base Mestersvig (2) military outpost with 1,800 m gravel runway Zackenberg (0) summer-only research station Summit Camp (4) research station on the Greenland Ice Sheet During summer scientists add to these numbers. The research station Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations (ZERO) can cater for over 20 scientists and station personnel. Fauna An estimated 5,000 to 15,000 musk oxen, as well as numerous polar bears and walrus, can be found near the coastal regions of the park. In 1993, this was estimated to be 40% of the world population of musk ox. Other mammals include Arctic fox, stoat, collared lemming, Arctic hare and a small but important population of Greenland wolf. Other marine mammals include ringed seal, bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal as well as narwhal and beluga whale. Species of birds which breed in the park include great northern diver, barnacle goose, pink-footed goose, common eider, king eider, gyrfalcon, snowy owl, sanderling, ptarmigan and raven. See also List of national parks Nanok References External links Main park webpage Image gallery UN website on park ZERO - Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations Exploration History of Northeast Greenland Icebergs in Hekla Havn - slideshow National parks in Greenland Biosphere reserves of Greenland Protected areas established in 1974 1974 establishments in Denmark Greenland Arctic
4013194	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%20Mall	Mac Mall	Jamal Rocker (born June 14, 1975), professionally known by his stage name Mac Mall, is an American rapper who became known in the mid/late 1990s as one of the local artists putting the Bay Area on the hip hop map. Mac Mall signed with the record label, Young Black Brotha Records, and later came to own the label, for the production of his own albums, and those of associates. One of Mac Mall's first singles was a song called "Ghetto Theme", which had a music video directed by Tupac Shakur in 1994. He was also longtime friends with Mac Dre, who was his mentor early on in his career. He is also cousins to E-40, B-Legit and Sway Calloway. Career In 1993, Mac Mall released his debut album Illegal Business? on Young Black Brotha Records. Entirely produced by Khayree Shaheed, the album featured Ray Luv and Mac Dre. Illegal Business? moved over 200,000 units independently, a major feat for an independent artist and record label. He met Tupac Shakur shortly after the album's release, who after praising Mac's music offered to direct a video for the single "Ghetto Theme". In 1995 he contributed a verse to E-40's "Dusted and Disgusted" and Eightball & MJG's "Friend or Foe". In 1996 he signed a record deal with Relativity Records, which released his second, and most commercially successful album, Untouchable. In 1996, he appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD, America Is Dying Slowly, alongside Biz Markie, Wu-Tang Clan and Fat Joe, among many other prominent hip hop artists. The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as "a masterpiece" by The Source magazine. In 1999, he started his own Sesed Out Records label, the first release being the compilation Mac Mall Presents the Mallennium, followed by his first solo album on the label and third overall, Illegal Business? 2000 a year later. Though no longer on a major label, he still managed to achieve success on Illegal Business? 2000, which spawned what is perhaps his most well known single, "Wide Open". Immaculate followed in 2001, which would find him once again reuniting with longtime collaborator Khayree Shaheed. After 2002's Mackin Speaks Louder Than Words, he took a 4-year hiatus from solo albums, instead focusing on collaborative efforts with JT the Bigga Figga and Mac Dre. He began work on an album with Mac Dre, which would be called Da U.S. Open. Unfortunately, Dre passed before the album was released, and it ended up being some of Dre's final recordings. In 2006, Mac Mall returned with his first solo album on Thizz Entertainment, Thizziana Stoned and the Temple of Shrooms. "Perfect Poison", a song off of the album, was featured in the video game Skate. He followed up Thizziana with Mac To The Future in 2009, becoming his second solo album with Thizz. In 2011, Mac Mall announced that he will release an album in November called The Rebellion Against All There Is. It will be a joint release with his own label Thizzlamic Records, and Young Black Brotha Records. The Rebellion Against All There Is will include 17 tracks, with features from Ray Luv, Shima, Boss Hogg, Luiyo La Musico and Latriece Love. The first single from the album is "To Live In The Bay". Moreover, Mac reunites with producer Khayree, who is said to be producing the whole effort. Seventeen years ago, Khayree produced Mac's Young Black Brotha Records debut, Illegal Business?. It has been 12 years since the Bay Area pair worked together. Though initially planned for November 2011, The Rebellion Against All There Is is now scheduled for release on February 21, 2012. A music video for his next single, "The Rebellion Against All There Is", will be released shortly before the album hits stores. Mac Mall also collaborated with fellow west coast rapper Daniel Jordan and Detroit-based rapper/producer Esham on Jordan's 2011 album The Stranger, on the song "Sad Clown". In November 2015, Mac Mall released an autobiography called "My Opinion". The book was named after the popular song on his first album. In the book Mac Mall writes about how he became a rapper, growing up in Vallejo and how his career progressed. Discography Studio albums Illegal Business? (1993) Untouchable (1996) Illegal Business? 2000 (1999) Immaculate (2001) Mackin Speaks Louder Than Words (2002) Thizziana Stoned and the Temple of Shrooms (2006) Mac to the Future (2009) The Rebellion Against All There Is (2011) Macnifacence & Malliciousness (2014) Legal Business? (2015) 1990's (2017) Collaboration albums Beware of Those with JT the Bigga Figga (2000) Illegal Game with JT the Bigga Figga (2004) Da U.S. Open with Mac Dre (2005) References External links 1975 births Living people Gangsta rappers West Coast hip hop musicians African-American male rappers Musicians from Vallejo, California Hip hop musicians from San Francisco Rappers from the San Francisco Bay Area 21st-century American rappers 21st-century American male musicians 21st-century African-American musicians 20th-century African-American people 20th-century African-American men 21st-century African-American men
4013199	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerator%20table	Accelerator table	In Windows programming, an accelerator table allows an application to specify a list of accelerators (keyboard shortcuts) for menu items or other commands. For example, Ctrl+S is often used as a shortcut to the File→Save menu item, Ctrl+O is a common shortcut to the File→Open menu item, etc. An accelerator takes precedence over normal processing and can be a convenient way to program some event handling. Accelerator tables are usually located in the resources section of the binary. Accelerators and menus Each accelerator is associated with a control ID, the same kind of IDs which are assigned to buttons, combo boxes, list boxes, and also menu items. In this way, GUI objects can be created which represent the same function as an accelerator. Since using the menus, and subsequently the mouse, is not always the best solution, it is important to provide users with the possibility to minimize usage of the mouse. For this reason showing the accelerators in menus can be useful; it informs the user that there are shortcuts, and that using the mouse is not always mandatory. Electron usage The software framework Electron also uses the term "Accelerator" as the name for its API to specify keyboard shortcuts for menu items and program behaviors on multiple platforms, including those other than Windows. See also Keyboard shortcut References User interface techniques
4013202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detlef%20Michel	Detlef Michel	Detlef Michel (born October 13, 1955 in Berlin), is a German track and field athlete. He represented East Germany during the 1980s and was one of the world's best in the javelin throw. His most important result came when he won the World Championship title in Helsinki 1983 with a throw of 89.48 meters in adverse conditions (rain), beating world record holder Tom Petranoff (99.72m, 5 May 1983) of the USA by a comfortable margin. In fact, Michel threw the four longest throws of the final. He competed in the Olympic Games twice, in 1980 and 1988, but went out in the qualifying round both times. He was unable to compete in 1984 due to his country's boycott of the games in Los Angeles and retired from professional sports in 1990. Michel represented the Berlin sport club and trained with Peter Börner. During his career he was 1.84 meters tall and weighed 93 kilograms. Michel's personal best under the old (pre-1986) javelin design specifications of 96.72 meters, thrown in Berlin on June 8, 1983, was for a while tied with Ferenc Paragi for second best in the world, behind only Petranoff's world record; it was later also exceeded by Uwe Hohn. Results at the European Athletics Championships 1978: 4th place (85.46) 1982: 3rd place (89.32) 1986: 2nd place (81.90) References External links 1955 births Living people Athletes from Berlin East German male javelin throwers World Athletics Championships athletes for East Germany World Athletics Championships medalists European Athletics Championships medalists Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes of East Germany World Athletics Championships winners Friendship Games medalists in athletics
4013220	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Artigas%20Bridge	General Artigas Bridge	The General Artigas Bridge () is an international road bridge that crosses the Uruguay River and joins Argentina and Uruguay. It runs between Colón, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, and Paysandú, Paysandú Department, Uruguay. It is a cantilever bridge with a total length of 2,350 metres (7,709 ft). The main span of the bridge measures 140 metres (460 ft) in length. The bridge is named after José Gervasio Artigas, the father of Uruguayan independence. It was inaugurated on December 10, 1975. References Puentes sobre el Río Uruguay (in Spanish) See also Libertador General San Martín Bridge Salto Grande Bridge Cellulose plant conflict between Argentina and Uruguay External links Bridges in Argentina Bridges in Uruguay International bridges Buildings and structures in Entre Ríos Province Buildings and structures in Paysandú Department Bridges completed in 1975 Argentina–Uruguay border crossings Bridges over the Uruguay River Cantilever bridges José Gervasio Artigas
4013222	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Shalleck	Alan Shalleck	Alan J. Shalleck (November 14, 1929 – February 6, 2006) was an American writer and producer for children's programming on television, most known for his work on later Curious George books and the 1980s television shorts. Shalleck studied drama at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York and went to work for CBS in the 1950s, eventually becoming an associate producer on the children's television series Winky Dink and You. In the early sixties he moved to Montreal where he produced "Like Young", at CFCF-TV, a highly successful teen music/dance show starring Jim McKenna that was eventually picked up and syndicated by Dick Clark Productions. Following his years at CBS, and CFCF-TV Shalleck was a producer at The Network for Continuing Medical Education and then formed his own production company (AJ Shalleck Productions) and produced a number of low-budget children's animated films and television episodes. In 1977, he approached Margret Rey about producing a television series based on Curious George, which led to the 1980 television show. Shalleck and Rey wrote more than 100 short episodes for the series. In addition, they collaborated on a number of children's books and audiobooks. (Some of these books list Rey as the author and Shalleck as the editor, while others reverse the credits.) In his retirement, Shalleck created the company "Reading By GRAMPS" and visited local elementary schools, bookstores, and other events to read books to children and promote literacy. However, he also experienced financial problems and was forced to supplement his income with part-time jobs. He most recently worked as a bookseller for Borders Books in Boynton Beach, Florida. On February 7, 2006, a few days before the theatrical release of a Curious George animated motion picture, Shalleck's body was discovered, partially hidden, at his home in Boynton Beach, Florida, a victim of a robbery/homicide. His attackers were tracked down using the victim's phone records. They confessed to the crime. On October 19, 2007, one of Shalleck's murderers, 31-year-old Rex Ditto, was sentenced to life in prison and is not eligible for parole. Ditto's co-defendant, Vincent Puglisi, was convicted of first-degree murder and robbery with a deadly weapon on June 24, 2008. He was sentenced in July 2008 to life in prison and is also not eligible for parole. References American children's writers Television producers from New York (state) 1929 births 2006 deaths 2006 murders in the United States American murder victims Syracuse University alumni Deaths by stabbing in Florida People murdered in Florida Male murder victims People from Boynton Beach, Florida Curious George Television producers from Florida
4013224	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazk%C3%B6y	Boğazköy	Boğazköy can refer to the following places: In Turkey Boğazkale, a town and district in Çorum Province Hattusa, the ancient Hittite site located near Boğazkale Boğazköy, Amasya Boğazköy, Bucak Boğazköy, Dicle Boğazköy, Ergani Boğazköy, Gercüş Boğazköy, İnegöl Boğazköy, Karacabey Boğazköy, Mustafakemalpaşa Boğazköy, Sarıyahşi Elsewhere Boğazköy, Cyprus, in Kyrenia District Boğazköy, the Turkish name for Cernavodă, Romania
4013232	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazons%20%28card%20game%29	Amazons (card game)	Amazons is an old patience or card solitaire game which is played with a single deck of playing cards. The game is played with a Piquet pack minus the kings or a standard 52-card pack that has its twos, threes, fours, fives, sixes, and kings removed. This game is named after the female-led tribe, the Amazons, because the queen is the highest card, and all queens are displayed if the game is won. Background Amazons is an old game, recorded as early as 1898 in the 2nd series of Dick's Games of Patience, where it is described as being played with a Piquet pack. Parlett points out that, like Puzzler, it is the short pack equivalent of the compulsive but frustrating game of Auld Lang Syne. As a 32-card patience, it is not commonly included in English games compendia. Rules First, four cards are dealt in a row as the tableau, called the auxiliary row by Dick and the reserve row by Morehead & Mott-Smith. Above this is another row of initially four spaces for the foundations. Once an ace is available, it is placed on the foundations from left to right in the order in which they become available. If an available card in the auxiliary row is immediately below the foundation of the same suit and is the next card in sequence, it is played onto that foundation pile. The order of placing is in ascending sequence: A-7-8-9-10-J-Q. When no more cards can be played, four more cards are then dealt, face up, one to each depot, covering any cards already there. The player pauses again to see if any of the cards dealt can be placed on the foundations. Spaces are not filled until the next deal. This process is repeated until the talon runs out. When it does, a new one is formed by picking up each pile in turn, turning them face down and dealing again; this should be done without reshuffling. The process of dealing the cards, building to the foundations, and redealing, is repeated without limit until the game is won or blocked i.e. lost. The game is won when all cards are built onto the foundations, with the Queens at the top. Strategy Given the unlimited redeals, one of the best strategies for winning Amazons in as many as half the games played is to only play one Ace at a time rather than all of them initially, working on a single foundation at a time, and only playing another Ace when stuck despite redealing. See also List of patiences and solitaires Glossary of patience and solitaire terms Footnotes References Literature Dick, Harris B. (1898). Dick's Games of Patience. Second series. 70 games. NY: Dick & Fitzgerald. Liflander, Pamela (2002). The Little Book of Solitaire. Philadelphia, PA: Running Press. Morehead, Albert and Geoffrey Mott-Smith (2001). The Complete Book of Solitaire and Patience. Slough: Foulsham. Parlett, David (1979). The Penguin Book of Patience, London: Penguin. Single-deck patience card games Simple builders
4013237	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen%20Burghs%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29	Aberdeen Burghs (UK Parliament constituency)	Aberdeen Burghs was a district of burghs constituency which was represented from 1708 to 1800 in the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain, and from 1801 to 1832 in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Creation The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland burgh constituencies of Aberdeen, Arbroath, Brechin, Inverbervie and Montrose. Boundaries The constituency consisted of the burgh of Aberdeen in the County of Aberdeen, the burgh of Inverbervie in the County of Kincardine, and the burghs of Arbroath, Brechin and Montrose in the County of Forfar. History The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until the seat was abolished for the 1832 general election. In 1832 the constituency was divided between the new constituencies of Aberdeen and Montrose Burghs. The Aberdeen constituency covered the burgh of Aberdeen, while Montrose Burghs covered the other burghs plus the burgh of Forfar, which was previously a component of the Perth Burghs constituency. Members of Parliament Elections Elections in the 1700s Elections in the 1710s Elections in the 1720s Elections in the 1730s Elections in the 1740s Elections in the 1750s Elections in the 1760s Elections in the 1770s Elections in the 1780s Elections in the 1790s Elections in the 1800s Elections in the 1810s Elections in the 1820s Elections in the 1830s References Historic parliamentary constituencies in Scotland (Westminster) Politics of the county of Aberdeen Politics of the county of Forfar Politics of the county of Kincardine Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1708 Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1832 Politics of Aberdeen
4013241	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasiya%20Vertinskaya	Anastasiya Vertinskaya	Anastasiya Alexandrovna Vertinskaya (, born 19 December 1944, Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Soviet and Russian actress, who came to prominence in the early 1960s with her acclaimed performances in Scarlet Sails, Amphibian Man and Grigori Kozintsev's Hamlet. In the 1990s, disillusioned with the state of cinema at home, she went abroad to teach and spent 12 years in France, England, the United States and Switzerland. In 1988 Vertinskaya was designated a People's Artist of Russia. She is also a recipient of the Order of Honour (2005) and the Order of Friendship (2010). Biography Anastasiya Vertinskaya was born on 19 December 1944, in Moscow, soon after her father, the famous singer-songwriter Alexander Vertinsky returned from Harbin with his Georgian wife, painter and actress Lidiya Vertinskaya (née Tsirgvava). Anastasiya and her sister Marianna (one year her senior) spent their early years in the Moscow Metropol hotel; it was only in 1946 that the family was granted a proper flat at Gorky Street, 14. Their childhood was happy: growing up in a bi-lingual family, Anastasiya enjoyed intellectually stimulating environment and the rich cultural atmosphere of her parents' circle. Both sisters attended an ordinary school; studying music and foreign languages were regarded as educational priorities by their parents. Vertinsky never scolded his daughters for failures, of which there were many because, as Anastasiya later remembered, she was more concerned at the time with exploring her dad's vast library than with her school studies. Alexander developed his own way of dealing with his daughters' problems. "He used to say: 'Now, the news of your misbehaviour make me suffer enormously' and I tried my best to somehow harness this nasty temper of mine – if only to relieve him from those sufferings," Vertinskaya remembered decades later. Career Young Anastasiya Vertinskaya was thinking of a career in linguistics, but things changed overnight in 1961 when the then sixteen-year-old was approached personally by the film director Aleksandr Ptushko for the role of Assol in Scarlet Sails. The romantic teenage drama based on Alexander Grin's novel became an instant success, making Anastasiya a national celebrity. Many of the future stars of Soviet cinema, including Vasily Lanovoy, Ivan Pereverzev, Sergey Martinson, and Oleg Anofriev, were in the cast, but, as critics noted, it was Vertinskaya's passionate performance that gave Scarlet Sails its flavour. 23 million people viewed the film during its first year. In 1962 Vertinskaya starred in the Amphibian Man, Gennady Kazansky and Vladimir Chebotarev's adaptation of Alexander Belyayev's science fiction novel of the same title. Cast as Gutierrez, a young woman in love with an amphibian man, Vertinskaya had to go through difficult late autumn underwater shooting sessions which she performed all by herself, without any stuntwomen involved. The film became the Soviet 1962 box-office blockbuster. "Vertinskaya was now a brand. People were going to the cinema to watch her, specifically," her future husband Nikita Mikhalkov later recalled. All this changed the teenage actress's life dramatically. "In those days there weren't any bodyguards. I used to travel by tram to my studies. I had to queue for bread like everyone else. Not only was I recognized, they made a point of touching me too... It was in those days that I developed the fear of crowds... This immense psychic violence haunted me all through those years," she later remembered. In 1962 Vertinskaya joined the Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre troupe. This meant that from then on she had to continuously tour the country with the then popular so-called "theater brigades". In 1963, assisted by Lyudmila Maksakova, her elder sister Marianna's friend, Vertinskaya enrolled into the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute. The young actress' eagerness to act was, in her own words, "next to maniacal." Nikita Mikhalkov was one of her fellow students. They fell in love and married in 1966, only to be divorced three years later. The role of Ophelia in the 1964 Grigori Kozintsev film Hamlet (starring Innokentiy Smoktunovsky) made Vertinskaya known internationally and proved to be a turning point in her career. As Kozintsev later wrote, Vertinskaya's strength was her "fragile purity and this Renaissance look she had." For the young actress working next to masters like Smoktunovsky proved to be invaluable in terms of learning, introducing the young actress to many of what she called "this magic kitchen's secrets." "Ophelia made me realize for the first time that acting was indeed my destiny," she later said. While still at the Shchukin Theatre Institute, Vertinskaya received the role of Princess Bolkonsky in Sergey Bondarchuk's epic adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace (1966–1967). It was her sensual, touchingly naive portrayal that gave this character a new, humane dimension. This was the director's idea. According to Vertinskaya, Vertinskaya said it was War and Peace that taught her how to "create a deep tragic undercurrent in something that on the face of it bears no sign of tragedy whatsoever." Less famous but still highly respectable was her performance as Kittie Shcherbatskaya in Aleksandr Zarkhi's 1968 adaptation of Anna Karenina. Among other late 1960s Vertinskaya's films were Hold Your Head Up! (Ne goryui!, by Georgy Daneliya), The Polunin's Case (Slutchay s Poluninym, adapted from Konstantin Simonov's book, and The Preliminary Man (Prezhdevremennyi tchelovek), Abram Room's adaptation of Maxim Gorky's unfinished novel Yakov Bogomolov. Vertinskaya in theatre In 1967 Vertinskaya joined the Vakhtangov Theatre troupe and spent there one season, before moving to Sovremennik in 1968, where she stayed until 1980. Theatrical experience was, admittedly, of the utmost importance to an actress who never felt confident enough while acting in movies. "I was a slow developer," she admitted years later. In Sovremennik she starred as Olivia (Twelfth Night), Ranevskaya (The Cherry Orchard) and Valentina (Mikhail Roshchin's Valentin and Valentina). In 1980 Vertinskaya left Sovremennik for the Moscow Art Theater. "It was only here that I acquired the level of professionalism I was craving for," she said in an interview years later. At MAT Vertinskaya mastered two roles from Anton Chekhov's repertoire, traditionally regarded as difficult: Nina Zarechnaya (The Seagull) and Yelena Andreyevna (Uncle Vanya). Critics praised Vertinskaya's performances, "emotionally charged, yet perfectly controlled." Among her other triumphs of the time were Elmire in Molière's Tartuffe directed by Anatoly Efros, Liza Protasova (Lev Tolstoy's Living Corpse), Natasha (Alone with Everybody by Alexander Gelman), and Pat (Mother-of-Pearl Zinaida by Mikhail Roshchin). In 1989 Vertinskaya portrayed her own father in The Mirage or the Russian Pierrot's Way, a show that she herself wrote a script for and directed to mark the centennial birthday anniversary of Alexander Vertinsky. Vertinskaya excelled in her Shakespearean roles. First, in a theatrical experiment staged by director Anatoly Efros at Taganka Theatre, she played both Prospero and Ariel in Shakespeare's The Tempest, premiered at the Moscow Pushkin Museum. Highly original was her Olivia in Peter James's Sheffield Theatre production of Twelfth Night (1975), better known to Russian audiences for its televised version, which premiered in 1978. This role, in which Vertinskaya was allowed to demonstrate her comic talent for the first time, remains one of her personal favourites. The actress (according to the magazine 7 Days) portrayed her heroine "not as a sultry beauty but as a Grace, infinitely charming and funny, full of boredom-related whims and flashes of sincerity, the product of her lively, inquisitive mind." Among the grand men of the Soviet theatre who praised Vertinskaya's unusual versatility was Anatoly Efros who once said the actress was "so physically natural and yet artistically graceful" that it was "almost unbelievable." 1970s – 1980s: Vertinskaya in film The success hasn't made life in the theatre any easier for Vertinskaya. She remembered how in Sovremennik (after Ophelia made her known internationally) she was shifted back to the mass scenes. Yevgeny Yevstigneev complained bitterly because the moment he (as the King in The Naked King) stepped on stage the audience responded in a hushed collective whisper: "Look over there, it's Vertinskaya in the crowd!" Occasionally, Vertinskaya remembered, she had to artificially "simplify" her facial features (even to stuff her nostrils) so as to fit the Soviet "common heroine" stereotype. "In those times, they demanded a different kind of heroine: ruddy-faced cheerful 'activistkas'", – the actress responded when asked about huge gaps in her working schedule in the early 1970s. In 1978 the film Nameless Star (an adaptation of Mihail Sebastian's play) premiered on Soviet TV. The film's director (and also a well-known actor) Mikhail Kozakov gave Vertinskaya (with whom he was having a passionate love affair at the time) total freedom of improvisation, letting the two – Mona the character and Anastasiya the performer – almost merge. The film (where her partner was Igor Kostolevsky) remained one of Vertinskaya's all time favorites. The officials, however, disliked it. Her next two films were The Gadfly (1980), based on Ethel Lilian Voynich's novel, where she played Jemma (her male counterpart, the then debutant, Andrey Kharitonov, later filmed her as a director) and The Theft, based on a play by Jack London, starring Innokenty Smoktunovsky. As time went by, Vertinskaya was feeling more and more dissatisfied with what was going on around her – on stage and beyond. Twenty years later one critic called her a "symbol of the decades": "In the 60's she was a dream-girl, in the 70's – a style emblem, in the 80's – a movie idol." The feeling of frustration that was in the air, touched her as well. Vertinskaya's later work, including Margarita in The Master and Margarita (1994, directed by Yuri Kara and released only in 2011), another of her personal favourites, was made against the background of general decline in national cinema and culture in general. Retirement In 1989 the invitation came from the Oxford University for Vertinskaya and Alexander Kalyagin to give master classes on theatrical craftsmanship. She spent the next 12 years teaching in England, France and Switzerland. "I realized that one had to reinvent oneself literally seven times during one's lifetime, otherwise one wouldn't be able to fully realize oneself. Why should I sit and moan about good roles eluding me? You need to learn to turn your back on the scene that doesn't suit you," she later explained in an interview, speaking also of how relieved she felt at having dropped this 'everlasting worry' about the need of being continuously in demand. After Oxford Vertinskaya taught drama at the Comedie-Francaise (Théâtre de la République), at the Chekhov Theatre school, and at EFAS (European Film Actor School). Her play Chekhov, Act III, compiled of third acts from the Russian playwright's three classic plays ran successfully at the Théâtre Nanterre-Amandiers. Later she warmly remembered her European students' passionate love of the arts and their determination. In 2000 Vertinskaya returned home. In 2002 she appeared in Imago, the stage production based upon M. Kurochkin's interpretation of George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion directed by Nina Tchusova. In her 2009 Izvestiya interview Vertinskaya expressed regret about how little worthy roles were there to be found in the modern Russian theatre and said she'd rather stay away from the stage at all than start playing "hitmen's mums" (one such suggestion she had received). "I have no immediate plans concerning the stage and see no personal drama in it," she said. Vertinskaya's two major concerns in the 21st century were the Russian Actors Foundation charity she founded in 1991, as well as restoring and producing her father's records; three of them came out in France. In 2010 Vertinskaya published a book of poetry she'd been working on for five years. She is also involved in her son Stepan Mikhalkov's restaurant business in Moscow. Critical reception Vertinskaya's 1961 debut was successful with both cinema fans and critics, some of the latter hailing the fifteen-year-old a future star of the Soviet cinema. "No other Soviet actress could have played Assol. Her eyes, her profile, her thin arms... her flying gate – she was a real-life dream-girl," actress Natalya Seleznyova remembered. The young girl's slight clumsiness looked natural on screen, while her strengths – 'gracefulness', 'youthful charms' and an 'aura of other-worldliness' – went undisputed, according to critic L.Nekhoroshev. "It was as if a young flower blossomed before our eyes in the Soviet cinema," critic Andrei Plakhov recalled years later. Part of Vertinskaya's appeal was her unconventional good looks; the actress has been described variously as "the Soviet Vivien Leigh" and an "anti-Soviet-looking Soviet beauty." Ophelia in Grigory Kozintsev's Hamlet marked a turning point in Vertinskaya's career. Some critics praised the way the director has managed to turn the young drama student's lack of self-confidence into an artistic statement, others were less impressed. According to Nekhoroshev, "cast into the set of directorial ideas, as if they were the iron corset of her Elizabethan dress, the young actress couldn't breathe freely in the atmosphere of high art she'd been submerged in." He had to agree, though, that "hidden within this rather mechanical Ophelia, certain inner logic and harmony have glimpsed through." E. Dobin regarded Vertinskaya's performance an artistic achievement. "This fresh ingénue's natural helplessness was used by the director as a distinctive feature of Ophelia's meek, vulnerable character... There wasn't a single vague or erratic note in young Vertinskaya's performance. Ophelia's image is crystal clear, as indeed is the actress's work, its deep transparency reminding one of a river, the bottom of which this heroine is destined for," he wrote. "Vertinskaya's Ophelia is probably one of the best in the history of theater and film. This role is extremely difficult for being seemingly unsubstantial next to those of Hamlet and other grandiose figures. Vertinskaya succeeded perfectly in making it fit in," Andrey Plakhov wrote. Praised initially for her teenage charms, Vertinskaya soon evolved into a versatile and original actress. Her next, miniature but significant role, that of Princess Bolkonskaya in Sergey Bondarchuk's epic War and Peace garnered even more accolades. Critics noted a rare virtuosity with which "such a tragically fleeting, intrinsically unfulfilled character [had been made] strikingly vivid" and, even more extraordinary, continuously developing in the course of just four short scenes. "In Princess Liza there is a lot of inner dynamics and total integrity," according to the Actors of Soviet Cinema (1967) almanac. Vertinskaya's work in Sovremennik (The Cherry Orchard, Valentin and Valentina) made critics speak of the "unique gracefulness" and the "technical virtuosity combined with deep psychological insight." Critically acclaimed were her performances in The Seagull (Nina) and Uncle Vanya (Elena). In Tartuffe, she elevated her Elmyra "onto on an enormous aesthetic pedestal, presenting her as a kind of noblewoman of old French canvasses, inapproachable in her beauty and grace," according to the Theatre magazine. The same critic marveled at her ability to create "beauty devoid of frustration; gracefulness without flaw, based on emotional fullness and self-enjoyment." In Shakespeare's The Tempest (produced by Anatoly Efros at Taganka) the actress demonstrated "the harmony of gesture, sound and movement," according to Krugosvet. The progress Vertinskaya made "from the charming but one-dimensional Assol-Ophelia" to the versatile multi-faceted master of many genres, was enormous, argued the critic Tatyana Moskvina. The fact that, unwilling to join the Soviet cinema's mainstream, she preferred to remain an enigmatic, out of the spotlight persona, added to her charisma. Later Vertinskaya solidified her reputation as "the nation's most secretive movie treasure," avoiding journalists and making her private life the subject of rumours and insinuations. One of Vertinskaya's most notable roles in the 1970s was Countess Olyvia in The Twelfth Night, produced in Sovremennik by Peter Brook. Buoyed by the English director's democratic, improvisational approach and the energy of the star-studded cast, Vertinskaya fully realized her potential as a comedy actress. Konstantin Raikin thought Vertinskaya here was just playing herself. "She herself is very funny, ironic and naughty, so for once her own personality fitted into a role perfectly," he said. Vertinskaya as Mona in Mikhail Kozakov's Nameless Star was praised as quite natural and organic. The film had problems with the Soviet censorship but later was rated No.64 on Roskino's list of The Best Russian Films of All Time. In The Master and Margarita (1994) the actress revealed hitherto unknown side of her artistic credo. According to V.Plotnikov, for years Vertinskaya has been "a victim of her background: everybody saw her as a 'little countess' or 'a little princess', while she herself often referred to herself as a natural-born witch." Tatyana Moskvina agreed that "infernal shadows of Bulgakov's novel" perfectly suited Vertinskaya, a "natural-born Margarita," neither "good nor evil, just totally otherworldly." This "hidden fire" of Bulgakov's heroine "has been burning in all of Vertinskaya's characters one way or another," the critic opined. Recognition In 1981, Anastasiya Vertinskaya was designated the People's Artist of the RSFSR. She received the Order of Honour in 2005 and the Order of Friendship in 2010. On 19 December 2009, her 65th birthday, both President Dmitry Medvedev and then Prime Minister Vladimir Putin sent her personal telegrams, speaking of her "bright individuality", never waning popularity and "unique roles, extraordinarily powerful and deep." Family and private life In 1967 Vertinskaya married Nikita Mikhalkov, now a renowned Russian film director and actor, then a fellow student at the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute. Half a year after their son Stepan was born. The marriage lasted three years. Later Vertinskaya was romantically involved with actor Mikhail Kozakov, then had a three-year-long relationship with Russian rock singer-songwriter Alexander Gradsky. She is a stepmother to Anna, Artem, and Nadia, Nikita's children from his second wife. Filmography Scarlet Sails (Алые паруса, 1961) – Assol (leading role) Amphibian Man (Человек-амфибия, 1962) – Guttieres Hamlet (Гамлет, 1964) – Ophelia War and Peace (Война и мир, 1966–67) – Princess Bolkonskaya Anna Karenina, (Анна Каренина, 1968) – Kittie Scherbatskaya Don't Grieve (Не горюй!, 1969) – Princess Mary Tzintsadze Enamoureds (Влюбленные, 1969) – Tanya The Polynin Case (Случай с Полыниным, 1970) – actress Galina Prokofyeva (leading role) A Shadow (Тень, 1972) – Princess Louise The Preliminary Man (Преждевременный человек, 1972) – Olga Borisovna (leading role) A Man at His Place (Человек на своем месте, 1972) – Clara, architect Domby and Son (Домби и сын, 1974 TV play) – Edyth Granger Nameless Star (Безымянная звезда, 1978) – Mona (leading role) The Twelfth Night (Двенадцатая ночь, 1979 TV play) – Olyvia The Gadfly (Овод, 1980) – Gemma Theft (Кража, 1982) – Margaret Chalmers Days and Years of Nikolai Batygin (Дни и годы Николая Батыгина, 1987) – Liza Paltseva The Lives of Don Quixotes and Sancho (Житие Дон Кихота и Санчо, 1988) – Duchess New Adventures of a Yankee in King Arthur's Court (Новые приключения янки при дворе короля Артура, 1988) – Queen Morgana The Tempest (Буря, 1988 TV play) – Prospero/Ariel How Dark the Nights Are on the Black Sea (В городе Сочи темные ночи, 1989) – Dunya Tartuffe (Тартюф, TV play, 1989) – Elmyra Thirst of Passion (Жажда страсти, 1991) – (anonymous, leading role) Master and Margarita (Мастер и Маргарита, 1994) – Margarita (leading role) Town Musicians of Bremen (Бременские музыканты, 2000) – Atamansha Casus Belli'' (Казус Белли, 2002) References External links Biography Actresses from Moscow People's Artists of Russia Russian film actresses Russian stage actresses Soviet film actresses Soviet stage actresses Living people 1944 births Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia) Russian people of Georgian descent Mikhalkov family
4013245	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleida%20Guevara	Aleida Guevara	Aleida Guevara March ( Guevara; born 24 November 1960) is the eldest daughter of four children born to Ernesto "Che" Guevara and his second wife, Aleida March. She is a doctor of medicine, based at the William Soler Children's Hospital in Havana. She has also worked as a physician in Angola, Ecuador, and Nicaragua. She is interviewed about the philosophy behind universal health care in Michael Moore's film Sicko. Guevara has been an advocate for human rights and debt relief for developing nations. She is the author of the book Chávez, Venezuela and the New Latin America. Early youth Although Aleida was only four and a half when her father left Cuba to foment revolution in the Congo, and almost seven when he was executed in Bolivia, she still has fond memories of him. One such story that she has shared publicly is that her father (Che) would make up animal stories for his faraway children, stating: Her father's influence Guevara refers to her father Che as a source of personal inspiration. When giving speeches throughout the world, she often mentions his writings, remarking that she finds his diaries particularly helpful for their "political insights and emotional maturity". She has also stated that she finds herself occasionally exclaiming: "Caramba! If only we'd put in practice this or that suggestion we would be in a better position now." In reference to her father's widespread use as a symbol of rebellion, she has stated that when she sees a child carrying his image on a march and the child says, "I want to be like Che and fight until final victory", she feels elated. In discussing her father's legacy, Aleida has remarked that: Angolan medical mission Guevara cites her time as part of a Cuban medical mission in Angola as leaving a lasting mark. She describes the impact of this experience with these words: Chavez, Venezuela, and the New Latin America Aleida Guevara interviewed former Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez for the book Chavez, Venezuela, and the New Latin America in February 2004. The book was turned into a documentary and includes excerpts from the interview with Chávez discussing the Bolivarian Revolution, interviews with Cuban humanitarian doctors working for the poor in Venezuela, an interview with General Jorge Carneiro about the April 2002 coup attempt, as well as scenes of life and support for Chávez in Venezuela. Current work and personal life As of 2009, Guevara helps run two homes for disabled children in Cuba and two more for refugee children with domestic problems. As a pediatrician specializing in childhood allergies, she has also been involved in medical support for a community in the flooded area around Río Cauto in eastern Cuba, while she has announced plans to work on the Island of Youth, which was devastated by several 2008 hurricanes. She also participates as public intellectual and activist in conferences, debates and festivals, such as the Subversive Festival from 4 to 8 May 2013, in Zagreb, Croatia. There she was guest speaker next to other notable public thinkers like Slavoj Žižek and Tariq Ali. She has two daughters, Estefania (aka 'guapísima') and Celia. See also Cuban medical internationalism Healthcare in Cuba References External links 'I Grew Up with Extraordinary People' by Aleida Guevara March (January 2017) Che Guevara's Daughter Voices Cuban Fears That Bush has Country in His Sights by Terri Judd, 16 October 2004, The Independent. Che, My Father by Angelique Chrisafis, 3 May 2002, The Guardian. Guevara's Daughter has a Cause, in the Image of her Father, 28 June 2003. Journey Around My Father, 2 July 2003. On the Motorcycle Behind my Father, Che Guevara by Aleida Guevara, 12 October 2004, International Herald Tribune. Che's Daughter to Rally Reds for May Day March by Andrew Picken, Edinburgh Evening News, 11 April 2009 Dr. Aleida Guevara Speaks at 2010 International Che Guevara Conference by The Vancouver Observer 1960 births Living people Cuban pediatricians Che Guevara Cuban people of Basque descent Cuban people of Spanish descent Cuban people of Irish descent Cuban people of Argentine descent
4013247	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padre%20Aldamiz%20International%20Airport	Padre Aldamiz International Airport	Padre Aldamiz International Airport , also known as Puerto Maldonado International Airport, is an airport serving the city of Puerto Maldonado in the Madre de Dios Region of Peru. The airport oversees a small number of domestic (national) commercial flights. Padre Aldamiz International Airport is near some of Peru's noted ecological areas, such as the national jungle reserve of Tambopata-Candamo. Like many airports around the world, Padre Aldamiz International Airport benefits mostly from one type of traveler, in this case ecology tourists. Western doctors often warn that airport authorities require travelers to carry documentation informing about yellow fever vaccination because of its rainforest location. The airport was served by Peru's national airline, AeroPerú. AeroPerú ceased operations in 1999, and, subsequently, other airlines have entered the Lima to Puerto Maldonado air route. Nuevo Continente made an attempt in 2004, but that airline suspended operations amid allegations of drug trafficking by their owners. It was served by LAN Perú and TACA Perú, the former continues to serve the airport as LATAM Peru. The Peruvian Air Force flies Boeing 707 jets to Padre Aldamiz International Airport, to carry civilian cargo operations. The airport can handle landings by different types of jets. For example, LATAM Perú uses Airbus A320 family aircraft. Airlines and destinations Statistics See also Transport in Peru List of airports in Peru References External links SkyVector Aeronautical Charts OurAirports - Puerto Maldonado Airports in Peru Buildings and structures in Madre de Dios Region
4013248	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman%3A%20Brainiac%20Attacks	Superman: Brainiac Attacks	Superman: Brainiac Attacks is a 2006 American animated superhero film from Warner Bros. Animation. Released on June 20, 2006, the film features Superman battling the forces of Lex Luthor and Brainiac, and his relationship with Lois Lane. Despite similar visuals, animation and voice cast, Brainiac Attacks is not canon to Superman: The Animated Series or the DC Animated Universe. Plot Brainiac crash lands on Earth and hijacks Lex Labs to collect Earth's data and amass the power of its weapons systems. Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen are sent to one of Lex Luthor's laboratories after Brainiac arrives on Earth on a meteor, successfully dodging the attempts made by Luthor's satellite to destroy any potential damage to the Earth in an attempt to boost his popularity against Superman as the true hero of the people. Superman shortly arrives and finds Brainiac downloading data from the computers with information relating the various forms of weaponry from LexCorp, including the laser-equipped meteor shield that had attempted to destroy Brainiac earlier. Using his ice breath, Superman is able to seemingly destroy Brainiac, after Superman and Brainiac had engaged in battle. Witnessing the incident, and how his satellite could be used as an effective weapon against Superman, Luthor finds Brainiac's still intact brain chip and takes it to LexCorp, where he reactivates Brainiac. He then proposes that Brainiac, with the technology of LexCorp as well as Kryptonite, defeat Superman, and then Luthor step in to chase Brainiac away from the Earth, in front of the world to make him appear as Earth's true hero, where he will then be free to conquer other planets, leaving Lex in charge of Earth. Brainiac accepts the agreement, and proceeds to rebuilding and improving himself. Meanwhile, Clark Kent contemplates the idea of revealing his secret identity to Lois. The opportunity presents itself when editor Perry White, due to staff shortages, sends both Kent and Lois to review a restaurant in Metropolis. During this time, however, Brainiac returns. Among his improvements is the ability to track down Superman based on his DNA. After another battle with Brainiac, Superman has been significantly affected by Brainiac's kryptonite power rays, and Lois is critically injured in the process. It is revealed that her blood has been infected with a kryptonite, metallic-based poison, that is galvanizing her blood cells and if not treated, would prove fatal. Feeling guilty, Superman obtains a sample of Lois' blood from the hospital and returns to the Fortress of Solitude where he analyzes Lois' blood using his Kryptonian technology. It is then when Superman discovers that the only cure for Lois' condition is to obtain a chemical substance, known as Argonium 44, from the Phantom Zone. However, Brainiac is able to locate Superman in his Antarctic retreat, and attempts to download the information of Krypton from Superman's computer. Superman then initiates a self-destruct sequence. Brainiac, not being able to locate Superman, presumes that he has been killed in the explosion. Superman had, in fact, gone into the Phantom Zone in order to find the Argonium 44, which would not only cure Lois and heal himself, but provide him with increased strength against Brainiac by shielding him from his kryptonite blast. Brainiac returns to Metropolis where Luthor awaits in order to fulfill their agreement. Jimmy investigates Lex and realizes that he is working with Brainiac. Brainiac, however, intends to kill Luthor in order to conquer Earth, and had even removed the self-destructive component that Luthor had planted should Brainiac double cross him. Superman seemingly returns through a portal and cures Lois, but when bringing her out of the hospital, he realizes this experience is an illusion created by the Phantom Zone when Lois repeatedly goads him to stay with her and not go after Brainiac. After this, he is chased and attacked by several Phantoms before he actually escapes the Phantom Zone. Returning to Metropolis, Superman and Brainiac engage in a lengthy battle, during which Luthor is injured in the crossfire. Mercy discovers Jimmy looking for evidence against Luthor and brutally attacks him. Eventually he takes over one of Lex's large, robotic exoskeletons and knocks her unconscious. Unfortunately, his camera is destroyed by his attack, relieving him of the chance to photograph evidence of Lex's schemes, much to his dismay. Superman seemingly defeats Brainiac and then returns to the hospital in order to cure the ailing Lois. But before Lois can take the cure, Braniac, who is now only a head, attacks the hospital and smashes the cure. Immediately afterwards, Superman finally destroys Brainiac by breaking his brain chip. With the cure now destroyed, Lois faces certain death. Superman, regretting never telling Lois his true feelings then embraces her. It is then that his tears, containing Argonium 44 that had healed him earlier, makes contact with Lois, curing her. She presumes him to be Clark, but Superman, (having changed his mind for her safety) tells her he is just Superman. Later, Superman recovers a piece of his destroyed Kryptonian technology where he aims to rebuild his fortress. He then vows to quit his job at the Daily Planet in an attempt to prevent future harm to his loved ones, should any of his enemies discover his secret identity. The movie ends with an injured Luthor facing criminal prosecution after the discovery of LexCorp's involvement with Brainiac's attack, and Lois racing to cover the appearance of Mr. Mxyzptlk (whose name Perry White struggles to pronounce) in Metropolis. Seeing Lois' eagerness to put herself in harm's way in order to cover a story, Superman goes back on his earlier decision to quit the Daily Planet so that he can be with Lois, as well as Metropolis' protector against the most powerful threats from the universe. Cast Tim Daly as Kal-El / Clark Kent / Superman Lance Henriksen as Brainiac Powers Boothe as Lex Luthor Dana Delany as Lois Lane George Dzundza as Perry White David Kaufman as Jimmy Olsen Mike Farrell as Jonathan Kent Shelley Fabares as Martha Kent Tara Strong as Mercy Graves Production The film was directed by Curt Geda, who worked on Superman: The Animated Series. The classic style was desired by Warner Bros, with Geda adding more humor and romance than previously explored in the animated series. Despite the film's visual style being the same as Superman: The Animated Series (as are the majority of its returning voice cast), writer Duane Capizzi has stated the film was not intended to be part of the DC Animated Universe. Additionally, DCAU cast members Clancy Brown (Lex Luthor), Corey Burton (Brainiac) and Lisa Edelstein (Mercy Graves) are absent from the film, with Powers Boothe, Lance Henriksen and Tara Strong voicing their respective characters instead. Notably, this depiction of Lex Luthor, rather than being the cold, calculating industrialist portrayed in Superman: The Animated Series, seems to incorporate elements of Gene Hackman's less serious portrayals of the character in live-action movies, making Luthor more light-hearted and darkly whimsical, going as far as to make jokes about the situations around him. See also List of animated feature-length films References External links Duane Capizzi on Superman: Brainiac Attacks, Interview Conducted by Jim Harvey Director Talks Superman: Brainiac Attacks Superman: Brainiac Attacks - IGN 2006 direct-to-video films 2006 films Animated Superman films Direct-to-video animated films based on DC Comics Toonami 2000s American animated films 2000s animated superhero films Films directed by Curt Geda American children's animated superhero films Films with screenplays by Duane Capizzi 2000s English-language films
4013254	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinberg%20%28surname%29	Steinberg (surname)	Steinberg is a German and Ashkenazi Jewish surname. Variants: Shteinberg, Steinbarg. Notable people with the surname include: Music Billy Steinberg, American songwriter Elliot Easton (born Elliot Steinberg, 1953), American musician Lewie Steinberg, American bassist in the band Booker T. & the M.G.'s Maximilian Steinberg (1883–1946), Lithuanian-Russian composer Michael Steinberg (music critic) (1928–2009), American music critic and musicologist Michael P. Steinberg, American historian Pinchas Steinberg (born 1945), Israeli conductor Sebastian Steinberg (born 1959), American bassist in the band Soul Coughing Simon Steinberg (1887-1955), Ukrainian composer William Steinberg (1899–1978), German-American conductor Lev Steinberg (1870-1945), Russian conductor and composer Karl Steinberg (1952-), German founder of the musical software company Steinberg Culture David Steinberg (born 1942), Canadian comedian, actor, director, and writer David I. Steinberg, American historian of Asia Flo Steinberg, American independent comic book publisher Hans H. Steinberg (born 1950), German actor Jacob Steinberg (1887–1947), Israeli poet Jonathan Steinberg (1934–2021), American historian of Germany Joshua Steinberg (1839–1908), Lithuanian-Russian writer and educator Leo Steinberg (1920–2011), American art historian Michael Steinberg (filmmaker), American film director and producer Morleigh Steinberg (born 1964), American dancer and choreographer Neil Steinberg, American columnist Saul Steinberg (1914–1999), Romanian-American cartoonist, notably for the New Yorker Susan Steinberg (author) American author and artist (painter) Susan Steinberg (producer) American television writer/ producer / director Science Deborah Lynn Steinberg, British sociologist Gerald M. Steinberg, Israeli political scientist Hannah Steinberg (1926–2019), British psychopharmacologist Robert Steinberg, American mathematician Rudolf Steinberg (born 1943), German professor, president of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Malcolm S. Steinberg (1930–2012), American biologist Other people Annie Sprinkle (Born Ellen F. Steinberg, 1954), American pornographic actress sex educator and former prostitute Darrell Steinberg (born 1959), Mayor of the city of Sacramento, California Erna Steinberg (1911–2001), German Olympic sprinter Gerry Steinberg (1945–2015), British politician Isaac Nachman Steinberg, (1888–1957) left-revolutionary-politician, lawyer and writer James B. Steinberg, American politician (Deputy Secretary of State) Jerry Steinberg, American founder of social organisations Joel Steinberg (born 1941), American murderer Joseph Steinberg (1883–1932), New York politician Judith Steinberg Dean (born 1953), American physician and former First Lady of Vermont Leigh Steinberg (born 1949), American sports agent Leonard Steinberg, Baron Steinberg (1936–2009), British businessman Mark Steinberg American sports agent (for Tiger Woods) Melvin Steinberg (born 1933), American politician Sam Steinberg (1905–1978), Canadian supermarket magnate Saul Steinberg (business) (1939–2012), American investor Fictional characters Charlie "Chuck" and Ruth “Ruthie” Steinberg, siblings in the 2019 film Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark See also Steinberg (disambiguation) Steinberger (disambiguation) References German-language surnames Jewish surnames
4013256	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roja%20Selvamani	Roja Selvamani	Roja Selvamani (born Sri Latha Reddy; 17 November 1972), also known as R. K. Roja, is an Indian politician and former actress. She is serving as the current Minister for Tourism, Culture and Youth Advancement of Andhra Pradesh. She was a leading actress in Tamil and Telugu films from 1991 to 2002. She has also acted in a few Kannada and Malayalam-language films. She won three Nandi Awards and one Tamil Nadu State Film Award. Roja began her political career in 1999 from the Telugu Desam Party and aligns with the YSR Congress Party since 2011. She was elected as an MLA from Nagari in Andhra Pradesh twice in the 2014 and 2019. She also serves as the YSR Congress Party's state women president. Between 2019 and 2021, Roja served as the chairperson of APIIC Andhra Pradesh. In 2022, Roja announced she would be leaving the film industry to focus more on her political career as a politician. She also announced that she will no longer be acting in any films. Roja is married to Tamil film director R. K. Selvamani. Early life Roja was born as Sri Latha Reddy on 17 November 1972 to Nagaraja Reddy and Lalitha in Tirupati, Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh. She was the only girl with two brothers Kumaraswamy Reddy and Ramaprasad Reddy. Later, the family moved to Hyderabad. She got her bachelor's degree in Political Science from Sri Padmavathi Women's University, Tirupati. Roja learnt Kuchipudi and was performing in dance before she entered films. Career Film career Roja entered the film industry with Telugu films. Her first movie was Prema Thapassu with Rajendra Prasad where the complete movie was shot in Tirupati. She was introduced to the Tamil film industry by director R. K. Selvamani with Chembaruthi, along with actor Prashanth. The movie was a hit and paved way for role in another success, Suriyan with Sarath Kumar. Both the films established her in Tamil cinema. She became known for songs such as "Meloor Maman" in the film Makkal Aatchi with Mammootty and "Mastana Mastana" in Raasaiyya with Prabhu Deva. Her performance in films with actors such as Rajinikanth in Veera, Arjun Sarja in Ayudha Poojai and Prabhu in Thirupathi Ezhumalai Venkatesa were praised. Roja's major career breakthrough was in the film Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen, directed by Vikraman. In Telugu, she appeared in successful movies like Mutha Mestri, Mugguru Monagallu, Bhairava Dweepam, Bobbili Simham, Annamayya, Anna, Peddannayya, Kshemamga Velli Labhamga Randi, Subhalagnam, Sri Krishnarjuna Vijayam and Kalavida. Her 100th movie was Pottu Amman. Roja later appeared in supporting roles in films like Arasu (2003), Parijatham (2006), Shambo Shiva Shambo (2010), Golimar (2010), Mogudu (2011), Kodipunju (2011), Veera (2011), Kaavalan (2011) and Saguni (2012). Political career Roja joined Telugu Desam in 1999 and was the president of the Telugu Mahila wing of the Party. She lost the 2009 AP State Elections. In August 2009, she quit TDP and joined YSR Congress Party when the party was established. In 2014 general elections, she won as an MLA from Nagari assembly constituency. She contested once again from Nagari assembly constituency in 2019 election. The results are announced and she won the seat again. She was appointed Chairperson of APIIC in 2020. Despite Roja being an active speaker among women MLA's she was suspended from attending the legislative assembly for one year. The decision was taken by majority in the legislative house, on 18 December 2015, and by the approval of the Speaker. Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, leader of the opposition, opposed the suspension. There were several concerns on the procedure followed while suspending Roja. Such doubts made the opposition to move no-trust motion against the speaker. An issue was raised by the opposition party on how the media clipping, property of the house, released and published on social media without the speaker's approval and the speaker also noted their concern and set up an inquiry to probe the issue further and submit a report by next meeting. Other work Roja played anchor in a show named Modern Mahalakshmi before getting replaced by Anasuya. This show was telecasted on MAA TV. She is one of the judges for the comedy shows Jabardasth and Extra Jabardasth. This show telecasts on E TV. She hosted one show for Zee Tamizh called lucka kicka, which was a huge hit in Tamil Nadu. Personal life Roja married Tamil film director R. K. Selvamani on 21 August 2002. The couple have a daughter and a son. Roja had a penchant for hairdressing and it was evident as whenever she was on the sets she was seen hairdressing her peers like Devayani, Khushbu, Ranjitha and Mumtaz to name a few. According to Ramya Krishna, her friend and co-star, Roja is one of the few artists who can do their makeup themselves. Actress Mumtaz in an interview praised Roja's willingness and egoless attitude when she did her hair and make-up during a Singapore Film Show in 2003. Filmography Tamil cinema Telugu cinema Kannada cinema Malayalam cinema Television Political statistics Awards Nandi Awards Special Jury Award – Sarpayagam (1991) Best Supporting Actress – Anna (1994) Best Actress – Swarnakka (1998) Tamil Nadu State Film Awards 1998 – Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress – Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen Cinema Express Awards 1998 – Cinema Express Award for Best Actress – Tamil – Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen Filmfare Award South 2010 – Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu – Golimaar References External links Actresses from Andhra Pradesh Actresses in Tamil cinema Actresses in Kannada cinema Actresses in Telugu cinema Indian film actresses Telugu actresses Living people 1972 births Actresses in Malayalam cinema Telugu Desam Party politicians YSR Congress Party politicians Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners Nandi Award winners People from Tirupati Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Indian actor-politicians Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019 Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024 21st-century Indian women politicians 21st-century Indian politicians 20th-century Indian actresses 21st-century Indian actresses Indian television actresses Actresses in Telugu television Actresses in Kannada television Actresses in Tamil television Deputy Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh
4013257	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BCmoukedima	Chümoukedima	Chümoukedima (), formerly spelled Chumukedima, is a municipality in the Chümoukedima District of the Indian state of Nagaland. It is the third-largest urban agglomeration in Nagaland after Dimapur and Kohima. Chümoukedima was designated as the first headquarters of then Naga Hills District of Assam Province, British India from 1866 until the administrative office moved to Wokha in 1875 and then to Kohima in 1879. History It served as the first headquarters of the then Naga Hills District of Assam Province during the time of British rule in early 19th century. The town was also called Nechu Guard and also as Samaguting during World War II. Demographics India census, Chümoukedima had a population of 43,516. Geography It is located in the foothills of Naga Hills. The Tourist Village on the top of a hill projects a bird's eye view of the whole of Chümoukedima District, Dimapur District and other parts of Karbi Anglong District of Assam. Waterfalls are also located in this area. Economy Chümoukedima is one of the fastest-growing urban centres in Nagaland. In fact, it forms part of the Chümoukedima–Dimapur urban area, which is the largest and the fastest-growing urban hub of Nagaland. The town's population has grown by nearly five times in the last two decades. Culture Parks Appu Park is a park located inside Chümoukedima Police Complex. The Nagaland Zoological Park, Green Park, Aqua Mellow Park, Agri Expo site Niathu Resort and Noune Resort are all located in the Chümoukedima Metropolitan Area. Media Chümoukedima is home to Nagaland's first satellite television network: Hornbill TV. Transportation Air Chümoukedima is served by the Dimapur Airport located north from the city centre. Road Highways passing through Chümoukedima Asian Highway 1 : Tokyo – Chümoukedima – Istanbul Asian Highway 2 : Denpasar – Chümoukedima - Khosravi : Dabaka (Assam) – Chümoukedima – Jessami (Manipur) Rail Chümoukedima is connected with the Chümoukedima Shokhuvi Railway Station located south-west from the city center. The Dimapur Railway Station is located north from Chümoukedima. Education Universities and Colleges Mount Mary College National Institute of Technology Patkai Christian College Major Universities and Colleges ICFAI University St. Joseph University Tetso College Schools North Town Higher Secondary School St. Joseph Higher Secondary School Charis High Academy Godwin Higher Secondary School Mount Mary Higher Secondary School Notable residents S. C. Jamir, Politician Neiphiu Rio, Politician Zhaleo Rio, Politician Chekrovolü Swüro, Sportsperson See also Dimapur References External links Official site Official website Cities and towns in Chümoukedima district Chümoukedima district
4013258	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgo%20Val%20di%20Taro	Borgo Val di Taro	Borgo Val di Taro, usually referred to as Borgotaro, (Parmigiano: ; locally ) is a town and comune in Emilia, Italy, in the Province of Parma, from the city of Parma. Borgo Val di Taro is an important centre for cattle husbandry in Emilia and it is one of the zones where Parmigiano-Reggiano is produced. The area is well known for its Boletus edulis (porcini) mushrooms, and several boletes that grow there have IGP (English: PGI) status. James Gandolfini Sr., father of Italian-American actor James Gandolfini Jr., was born in Borgo Val di Taro. Main sights Not far from the town is the small church of S. Antonio del Viennese, a 13th-century structure in brick. The city hall (palazzo comunale), in the Lombard Gothic style, is a work of the 14th century. Tourism and gastronomic tours are important factors of the modern economy. The town is a member of the Cittaslow (slow city) movement. Frazioni Banca, Barca, Barzana di Sotto, Baselica, Belforte, Bissaio, Boceto, Bozzi, Brattesini, Brunelli, Ca' Valesi, Cafaraccia, Capitelli, Caprendino, Case Maroni, Case Scodellino, Case Vighen, Casembola, Casoni, Cavanna, Cianica, Corriago, Costadasi, Frasso, Galla, Ghiare, Giacopazzi, Grifola, Il Mulino, Il Poggio, Laghina, Lavacchielli, Le Spiagge, Magrano, Meda, Monticelli, Ostia Parmense, Poggio, Pontolo, Porcigatone, Pozzo, Roccamurata, Rovinaglia, San Martino, San Pietro, San Vincenzo, Testanello, Tiedoli, Tombone, Valdena, Valleto International relations Twin towns — sister cities Borgo Val di Taro is twinned with: References Official site Cittaslow
4013259	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20William%20Hayter	Stanley William Hayter	Stanley William Hayter (27 December 1901 – 4 May 1988) was an English painter and printmaker associated in the 1930s with surrealism and from 1940 onward with abstract expressionism. Regarded as one of the most significant printmakers of the 20th century, in 1927 Hayter founded the legendary Atelier 17 studio in Paris. Since his death in 1988, it has been known as Atelier Contrepoint. Among the artists who frequented the atelier were Pablo Picasso, Alberto Giacometti, Joan Miró, Alexander Calder, Marc Chagall, Nemesio Antúnez, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Wassily Kandinsky, Mauricio Lasansky, K.R.H. Sonderborg, Flora Blanc and Catherine Yarrow. He is noted for his innovative work in the development of viscosity printing (a process that exploits varying viscosities of oil-based inks to lay three or more colours on a single intaglio plate). Hayter was equally active as a painter, "Hayter, working always with maximum flexibility in painting, drawing, engraving, collage and low relief has invented some of the most central and significant images of this century before most of the other artists of his generation", wrote Bryan Robertson. Early life and education Hayter was born in Hackney, London, on 27 December 1901, the son of painter William Harry Hayter. He received a degree in chemistry and geology from King's College London and worked in Abadan, Iran for the Anglo-Persian Oil Company from 1922 to 1925. After Hayter returned home to convalesce from an attack of malaria, his company arranged a one-man show at their headquarters in London of the paintings and drawings he had made while overseas. The exhibition's success (almost all the paintings sold) may have convinced Hayter to pursue a career as an artist. Career Paris In 1926, Hayter went to Paris, where he studied briefly at the Académie Julian. That same year, he met Polish printmaker Józef Hecht, who introduced Hayter to copper engraving using the traditional burin technique. Hecht helped Hayter acquire a press for starting a printmaking studio for artists young and old, experienced and inexperienced, to work together in exploring the engraving medium. In 1927, Hayter opened the studio, and in 1933 he moved it to No. 17, rue Campagne-Première, where it became internationally known as Atelier 17. Hayter worked with many contemporary artists to encourage their exploration of printmaking as a medium. Artists such as Miró, Picasso and Kandinsky collaborated on creating print editions (Fraternité and Solidarité) to raise funds for the support of the Republican cause in the Spanish Civil war. New York City At the outbreak of World War II, Hayter moved Atelier 17 to New York City and taught printmaking at the New School. Artists such as Jackson Pollock, Mauricio Lasansky and Mark Rothko made prints at the New York Atelier 17. During the war, Hayter collaborated with British artist, historian and poet Roland Penrose and others in setting up a commercial camouflage business: the Industrial Camouflage Research Unit. He also first produced finished prints with the method he called "simultaneous color printing," where colour was added to inked intaglio plates by means such as colour-ink-soaked rags, stencils, or rolling a thicker, more viscous ink over a thinner ink, where the thicker ink is rejected and adheres only to the surface surrounding the first ink. Hayter acted as advisor to the Museum of Modern Art for the show Britain at War. In connection with the exhibition, he devised an analogue computer to duplicate the angle of the sun and shadow lengths for any time, day and latitude. Paris Returning to Paris in 1950, Hayter took Atelier 17 with him. Hayter was a prolific printmaker, completing more than 400 works in the medium before his death. In 1949 his book, New Ways of Gravure, was published by Pantheon Books, INC. NY. Oxford University Press published About Prints in 1962. His students included Carmen Gracia. Hayter continued to develop painting alongside printmaking. His interest in automatism led him to associate with the Surrealists, and in the United States he was an innovator in the Abstract Expressionism movement. His legacy in printmaking, which came to dominate its instruction in the American academy, was a vigorous opposition to preparatory drawings and retroussage or hand-wiping with whiting, and endorsement of strong plate tone and improvisation. In 2005 the Tate Archive acquired Hayter's papers. Personal life Hayter was married three times: to Edith Fletcher (dissolved 1929), to American sculptor Helen Phillips (dissolved 1971), and to Désirée Moorhead, with whom he lived in Paris at the time of his death in 1988. He had three sons: Patrick (who died young) from his first marriage, and Augy and Julian Hayter from his second marriage to Helen Phillips. Augy, an actor, writer and translator, died in 2004. Julian, a composer, musician and photographer, died in 2007. Honours 1951 – Appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) 1951 – Awarded, by the French government, the Légion d'honneur. 1958 – Chosen as representative artist for Great Britain, at the Venice Biennale. 1967 – Appointed a Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. 1968 – Advanced to Commander of the Order of the British Empire. (CBE) 1972 – Received the Grand Prix des Arts de la Ville de Paris. 1978 – Elected Foreign Member of the American Academy of Arts and Science. 1982 – Elected Honorary Foreign Member of the Royal Academy. 1983 – Awarded a Doctorate of Fine Arts of the New School of Social Research, New York and Honorary Doctorate of Hamline University, Minnesota. 1986 – Promoted to Commandeur in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. References Further reading Peter Black and Désirée Moorhead, The Prints of Stanley William Hayter: A Complete Catalogue (Mount Kisco, NY: Moyer Bell, 1992) S. W. Hayter, New Ways Of Gravure (1966) Carla Esposito, "Hayter e l'Atelier 17" (Milan: Electa, 1990) Pierre-François Albert et François Albert, "Hayter – The paintings" (Gourcuff Gradenigo, 2011) External links Atelier Contrepoint, Website "Stanley William Hayter", Government Art Collection, Department for Culture, Media and Sport "Stanley William Hayter", Tate Gallery Portrait of Stanley William Hayter by Braun-Vega (1983). 1901 births 1988 deaths 20th-century English painters English male painters English printmakers Modern printmakers English engravers Alumni of King's College London Anglo-Persian Oil Company BP people Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Camoufleurs People from Hackney Central Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Académie Julian alumni 20th-century British printmakers Atelier 17 alumni Honorary Members of the Royal Academy 20th-century English male artists
4013261	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Henry	Boris Henry	Boris Obergföll ( Henry; born 14 December 1973) is a retired German track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. He won a bronze medal in the World Championships twice (1995 and 2003). His personal best throw was 90.44 metres, set in July 1997. This ranks him fifth among German javelin (new implement) throwers, behind Johannes Vetter, Thomas Röhler, Raymond Hecht and Andreas Hofmann. He also competed in the javelin throw at the 1996 Summer Olympics (fifth place) and the 2000 Summer Olympics (seventh place). He was entered into the 2004 Summer Olympics but did not start the competition and retired thereafter. He represented SV Saar 05 Saarbrücken and was trained by Klaus Bartonietz. He is tall and weighed while he was competing. He is married to Christina Obergföll, whose surname he adopted upon marriage. International competitions IAAF Golden League Bislett Games: 2002 Memorial Van Damme: 2002, 2003 ISTAF: 2002 National titles German Athletics Championships Javelin throw: 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004 Seasonal bests 1989 – 58.20 1990 – 65.86 1991 – 74.78 1992 – 77.34 1993 – 84.12 1994 – 82.02 1995 – 88.46 1996 – 88.00 1997 – 90.44 1998 – 89.21 1999 – 88.62 2000 – 86.65 2001 – 86.53 2002 – 86.67 2003 – 88.10 2004 – 86.86 2006 – 68.89 References External links 1973 births Living people People from Völklingen German male javelin throwers German national athletics champions Olympic athletes of Germany Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics World Athletics Championships athletes for Germany World Athletics Championships medalists European Athletics Championships medalists Competitors at the 2001 Goodwill Games Sportspeople from Saarland
4013262	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogentisic%20acid	Homogentisic acid	Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree) honey. It is also present in the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli as well as in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica where it is associated with the production of brown pigments. It is oxidatively dimerised to form hipposudoric acid, one of the main constituents of the 'blood sweat' of hippopotamuses. It is less commonly known as melanic acid, the name chosen by William Prout. Human pathology Accumulation of excess homogentisic acid and its oxide, named alkapton, is a result of the failure of the enzyme homogentisic acid 1,2-dioxygenase (typically due to a mutation) in the degradative pathway of tyrosine, consequently associated with alkaptonuria. Intermediate It is an intermediate in the catabolism of aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate (produced by transamination of tyrosine) is acted upon by the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase to yield homogentisate. If active and present, the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase further degrades homogentisic acid to yield 4-maleylacetoacetic acid. References Hydroquinones Acetic acids Hydroxy acids
4013268	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzdar%20%28tribe%29	Buzdar (tribe)	Buzdar () is a clan of Baloch tribe Rind, living in Balochistan, Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan. They mostly live in Koh Suleiman. Buzdar people also live in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, UAE and Afghanistan. The population of Buzdar tribe 900,000 people. Sardar Usman Buzdar is current Tumandar of Buzdar tribe. History Buzdar is a clan of Rind tribe, and usually associated with the mountainous districts of the frontier near Dera Ghazi Khan. They are also to be found in Zhob, Thal-Chotiali and Las Bela, while the majority of the population live in the Punjab province. They are usually ranchers, and the name Bozdar is probably derived from Buz, the Persian name for goat. Within the limits of their mountainous home, on the outer spurs of the Sulaiman Mountains, they have always been a martial tribe and they were formerly constantly feuding with the neighboring Ustarana and Sherani tribes. In 1857, their raids into the Punjab drew upon them a punitive expedition under Brigadier-General Sir N. B. Chamberlain. The Sangarh pass was captured and the Buzdars submitted. Notable people Sardar Fateh Buzdar, former member of Punjab Assembly Sardar Usman Buzdar, Former Chief Minister of Punjab See also Dhaghano Bozdar References Social groups of Pakistan Sindhi tribes Baloch tribes
4013280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salto%20Grande%20Bridge	Salto Grande Bridge	The Salto Grande Bridge is a road and railroad bridge that crosses the Uruguay River and joins Argentina and Uruguay. It is built on top of the Salto Grande Dam. The bridge runs between Concordia, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, and Salto, Salto Department, Uruguay. References EntreRiosTotal.com.ar (touristic website) Represa Salto Grande (Salto Grande Dam) from the Spanish Wikipedia See also Libertador General San Martín Bridge General Artigas Bridge Cellulose plant conflict between Argentina and Uruguay Bridges in Argentina Bridges in Uruguay Buildings and structures in Entre Ríos Province Buildings and structures in Salto Department International bridges Argentina–Uruguay border crossings Bridges over the Uruguay River

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