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If the likelihood of achieving optimal debulking is low or a patient’s medical condition does not allow major cytoreductive surgery, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) might be considered after histological confirmation of disease by tissue biopsy, not just by cytology. In two randomized clinical trials (RCT), such an approach proved non-inferior to primary cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced-stage EOCs. Most patients enrolled in these trials were of high-grade histology . Schmeler et al. retrospectively reviewed the response rate to NACT in 25 patients with advanced LGSC. All patients received platinum-based chemotherapy and a median of six cycles. Most patients (88%) had stable disease (SD), one patient (4%) had a complete response (CR), no partial responses were identified, and two patients (8%) showed progression . Subsequently, Cobb et al. assessed the role of NACT in LGSC compared to HGSC. They identified 36 patients with LGSC who received NACT and matched them with HGSC patients. Despite a significant reduction in CA-125 levels, the response rate in LGSC was significantly lower than in HGSC. Again, most patients showed stable disease (83%), four patients had partial responses (11%), and two patients (6%) revealed progression . These findings indicate that LGSC is less responsive to NACT compared to HGSC. Hence, this approach should be considered with caution in LGSC.
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Самая близкая к канонической последовательность ТАТА-бокса наблюдается в промоторе гена SHOX с KD = 39 ± 7 нм (см. табл. 2). Минорный вариант SNP rs1452787381 (замена «A» на «G» в ТАТА-боксе) приводит к снижению сродства почти в 7 раз, что обусловлено сни- жением скорости образования комплексов (ka) в 22 раза. Скорость распада комплексов (kd) снижается в 3 раза, а также увеличивается время жизни комплексов (t1/2). Все эти характеристики могут привести к повышенному ри- ску формирования непропорционально низкого роста с деформациями Маделунга.
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Ob zukünftig eine Immuntherapie in Kombination mit Strahlentherapie eine Rolle spielen wird, ist noch unklar. Das Transitionalzellkarzinom der Blase gilt als immunologisch „heißer“ Tumor. Bisher gibt es allerdings kleine einarmige Phase-II-Studien. Beispielsweise zeigten sich in der RACE-IT-Studie (4 Zyklen Nivolumab 240 mg q2w, Start eine Woche vor Bestrahlungsbeginn, 50,40 Gy auf Blase/Becken, gefolgt von radikaler Zystektomie, keine Chemotherapie) eine radiologische Gesamtansprechrate von 71 % (davon 16 % CR) sowie 39 % pathologische Komplettremission (ypT0) nach anschließender Zystektomie . Die Ergebnisse randomisierter Studien mit Pembrolizumab (Keynote-992) und Durvalumab (RadIO ISRCTN43698103) werden erwartet.
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(A) CD9 expression was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot analysis. (B) CD9 expression obviously increased the bortezomib sensitivity compared to controls, *: p<0.05. (C) Bortezomib significantly promoted the apoptosis of U266/CD9 cells. *: p<0.05. (D) CD9 expression significantly inhibited U266 cells adhesion to bone marrow stromal cells HS-5. *: p<0.05. (E) CD9 expression significantly inhibited U266 cells' adhesion to the primary bone marrow stromal cells. *: p<0.05. (F) CD9 expression significantly increased U266 cells' adhesion to fibronectin. *: p<0.05. (G) CD9 expression significantly inhibited U266 cell migration. *: p<0.05.
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Полногеномное генотипирование (более 100 тысяч ОНП) позволило выявить уникальные следы отбора в геноме якутской породы, которые могут быть непосредственно связаны с адаптацией к холодному климату. Представляет интерес обнаружение следов селекции в районе гена RETREG1 (Yurchenko, 2018а). У человека белок RETREG1 участвует в восприятии нейронами сигналов боли и холо-да (Islam et al., 2018). Мутации в этом гене у людей вызывают наследственную невропатию, сопровождающуюся неспособностью ощущать боль и температуру окружающей среды (Kurth et al., 2009). Рибосомальный ген RPL7 в районе селекции у якутской породы показывает различную экспрессию у устойчивых и чувствительных к замораживанию лягушек (Wu S. et al., 2008). Следы селекции были зафиксированы у якутского скота также в районе гена HDAC3, белок которого стимулирует термогенез в бурой жировой ткани путем активации энхансеров, и гена TNKS, участвующего в энергообмене и формировании жировой ткани у мышей (Yeh et al., 2009).
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Der Diskussionsverlauf in der COVID-19 Krise weist hier Parallelen aber auch markante Unterschiede zu jenem auf, der sich von Anfang der 1950er bis Mitte der 1980er Jahre in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Katastrophenforschung vollzog. Auch hier war zu Beginn die Rede davon, dass Krisen und Katastrophen soziale Ungleichheiten kurzfristig nivellieren würden. Ab den 1960er Jahren beobachteten Forscher*innen dann vermehrt, dass strukturelle Ungleichheiten zwischen weißen Amerikaner*innen und Minderheiten sich negativ darauf auswirkten, wie eine Bevölkerung insgesamt mit einer Katastrophe zurechtkam, und ausschlaggebend dafür waren, ob ein Katastrophen-Agent (etwa eine Flut) für eine Bevölkerung(sgruppe) überhaupt zu einer Katastrophe wurde. Ab den 1970er Jahren benutzten die disaster researcher immer häufiger den Terminus der sozialen „Vulnerabilität“, um diese Sachverhalte zu beschreiben. Zu einem regelrechten „Paradigma“ wurde dieser Begriff in den 1980er Jahren im Umgang mit „Entwicklungsländern“. Deren Bewohner*innen erhielten einen pauschalen Opfer-Status, der die Annahme affirmierte, westliche/nördliche Akteure müssten mit Blick auch schon auf zukünftige Katastrophen dort „helfend“ intervenieren (Bankoff et al. 2004).
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Another option for this patient would have been performing a decompressive hemicraniectomy (DC), completely avoiding the hematoma and the underlying malformation. Although we have experience with this procedure and it has been reported in the literature regarding ICH, there are no standardized criteria for performing DC in the setting of ICH . In our department, we opt for DC for ICH cases with: 1. GCS of 8 or less, 2. Estimated hematoma volume ≥ 25mL3 which will not be evacuated (unable to approach safely) 3. Obliteration of basal cisterns 4. Significant midline shift (≥ 5mm with associated brain swelling)
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The molecular weight of the PVA binder present on the glass fibre matrix (S14) was estimated by DLS. PVA was extracted and freeze-dried as described above. Solutions of this extracted sample and standards of known polymer size were prepared in water to the concentration of approximately 1.3 mg/mL and passed through 0.22 µm and 300 kDa molecular weight cut-off filters. The sample was then concentrated approximately five-fold from 4 mL to 0.75 mL using a 3 kDa MWCO filter (Vivaspin, GE). Zetasizer Nano ZS and DTS software (Malvern Instruments) was used for measurement of hydrodynamic diameter based on size distribution by volume. Independent duplicate preparations of all standards and samples were tested. Prism 7.0 (GraphPad Software LLC) was used to generate a standard curve plotted between measured hydrodynamic diameter and known average molecular weight (kDa) to interpolate size of the PVA in the extract.
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Tactile illustrated books for blind children generally contain tactile illustrations that are transferred from visual illustrations through different techniques such as thermoforming or textures. Several studies have shown that this content based on visual reality can be difficult to understand for children and adults with visual impairments [1–8].
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Ziel dieser Studie war es daher, konkrete Maßnahmen und Strukturen, die in deutschen Notaufnahmen im Rahmen der COVID-19-Pandemie eingeführt oder geschaffen wurden, zu erfassen. Dabei wollten wir insbesondere einen Überblick über die Isolationsmaßnahmen, Diagnostik und Patientenallokation von Verdachtsfällen gewinnen.
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In another study, the nano-composites of BFO with reduced graphene oxide were synthesized by chemical route. These nano-composites successfully degraded Rhodamine B dye up to 94% under visible-light within 2 h. It was also found that reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-BFO composite exhibited a tremendous photoelectrochemical performance for the splitting of water, which may be due to the availability of free charge carriers, increasing the recombination time that effectively enhanced photocatalytic activity . Pai et al. reported that composites of BFO with nitrogen-doped graphene significantly improved the photo-degradation efficiencies of BFO by degrading Congo Red as an organic pollutant . It is well-known that photocatalyst-produced strong oxidizing agents create electronic holes in water by the irradiation of light (ultraviolet or visible) . These hydroxyl radicals oxidize organic contaminants into less harmful compounds. Usually, the general photocatalytic performance of a semiconductor photocatalyst is based on several aspects. The most important is the effective splitting of photo-generated charge carriers (e‒–h+) pairs which refine photocatalytic performance . Basically, photocatalysis are followed by a fundamental mechanism which starts from the production of e‒–h+ pairs in semiconductor material. The e‒–h+ pairs are transported to the surface of a photocatalyst to create reducing species, and the surface defects act as trapping sites for electrons and then detach to produce super oxide anion radicals. Simultaneously, the holes react with H2O molecules or with hydroxyl (OH) groups to yield hydroxyl radicals, which destroy the organic contaminants of waste-water.
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SS, SN, CP, CS, MD, KA: The conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; Final approval of the version to be published; Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.
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Previous studies have shown that VEGF is mainly expressed during the embryonic stage, plays an important role in the formation and development of blood vessels. Furthermore, VEGF can be expressed in the process of angiogenesis. Therefore, the expression level of VEGF protein in RPE-choroidal complex was quantitatively analyzed by ELISA, as shown in Figure 5d. The content of VEGF in RPE choroidal complex of CNV rabbit model can be effectively reduced by intravitreal administration of the aBev/cRGD-DPPNs (p < 0.05).
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The moisture absorption and desorption curves of the cocoon in the standard state are shown in Figure 10. The balance moisture regain of absorption of the E and B cocoons were 12.7% and 10.2%, respectively, while the balance moisture regain of desorption were 13.7% and 11.0%, respectively. There was obvious absorption hysteresis, and the balance moisture regain differences caused by absorption hysteresis were about 1% and 0.8%, respectively. These values are close to cotton fiber (0.9%) and less than wool (2%). Materials with high moisture regain will have high balance moisture regain difference. Under conditions of same moisture regain, the smaller the balance moisture regain difference, the higher the absorption and desorption rate will be . The moisture regain of the E cocoon was higher than that of the B cocoon, but the absorption and desorption rates were smaller than that of the B cocoon, which coincides with the moisture permeability of the cocoon. The moisture absorption of the cocoon itself makes the cocoon layer area maintain the balance of “moisture absorption and desorption”.
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FRA has been the subject of intense research as a potential therapeutic target in the last several years primarily because of its highly restricted expression profile in normal tissues and high levels expression in a number of cancers of epithelial origin, including serous ovarian cancer . Several late-stage clinical trials in ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma are presently on-going . It is important, therefore, to develop robust assays for FRA both in tissue and in the circulation. With this in mind, the present work describes, for the first time, a specific and sensitive ECL-based assay using novel MAb reagents for the detection of FRA in serum, plasma and urine, allowing a comprehensive analysis of its diagnostic potential. Further, the potential clinical utility of serum MPF is not well documented. We therefore chose to develop a similar ECL-based assay for MPF for comparative studies not only to FRA, but to other more accepted markers of ovarian cancer – CA125, MSLN and HE4.
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Este estudo teve por objetivo buscar, por meio de revisão de literatura, evidências científicas da relação entre hipotermia no perioperatório e o aumento da incidência de infecção da ferida operatória, já que a hipotermia é um fenômeno recorrente no ambiente cirúrgico.
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In this scenario, ZigBee is one of the most popular technologies based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. This technology has been used in different applications at different domains. In the power electricity domain, it has been used for sending messages from intelligent electronic meters to concessionaires , in combination with CAN technology to control a photovoltaic based AC Microgrid , or for energy management, efficiency optimization and metering services within a smart grid . It was also employed indoors and outdoors for controlling robots or machinery in the range of several meters. For example, for monitoring and controlling robotics hand remotely or using hand gestures . In addition, for implementing a MPC algorithm aimed at a multi-drone system or, for controlling an in-wheel motor by means of a network-based discrete proportional integral (PI) algorithm . In , it was used to control remotely a piezoelectric actuator. Some examples are aimed at Industrial IoT applications: a monitoring architecture for process automation technologies is presented in , and a wireless sensor network for an assembling line . One of the advantages of the ZigBee technology is the availability of mature and low cost products, such as the XBee series, that may operate even at the 868 and 900 MHz frequency bands. The use of technologies in these bands may provide some advantages, such as operating at longer distances, and should be analyzed carefully. Applications that employ these modules may be found in .
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Accidentul vascular cerebral şi urmările lui clinico-funcţionale sunt cele mai importante cauze ale dizabilităţii pe termen lung în Europa, fiind astfel o provocare pentru toţi medicii specialişti de recuperare. Clinica noastră tratează lunar 10-15 cazuri de pacienţi post accident vascular din faza post-acută până la cronică. Mai mult de jumătate dintre aceştia se confruntă cu o creştere a spasticităţii care le amplifică nivelul de dizabilitate.
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A similar setting seems possible for endothelial cells that were reported to trigger NKG2C+ NK cells upon primary CMV infection (90) and that represent a major non-lymphoid cell type displaying substantial HLA-E expression, particularly under inflammatory conditions (44). This would permit a scenario of sufficient HLA-E complexes, presenting the VMAPRTLFL peptide. Since both, monocytes as well as endothelial cells are considered reservoirs of viral latency (91), they could also act as critical mediators for secondary expansion of adaptive NK cells upon CMV reactivation which aligns with in vitro data (6, 75, 90) and a study that observed a correlation between monocyte counts and the magnitude of NKG2C+ NK cell expansion during reactivation (92).
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Hawaii Is., host: M. lessertiana in BPBM: 1♂ 1♀, Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii, A. Kawakita leg., “Leaf-dropper”, 25.iv.2016 (larva), SK624♀, SK625♂; 2♂ 1♀ 1 unsexed, Same locality, 17&21.v.2016 em., A.Y. Kawahara leg., 29.iv.2016(Cocoon & larva), SKH-10, SK801♂, SKH-13, SK633♂. 1♀, 3800 ft, N. Kohala, Distr. Kohala Mts, Puu Laalaau area, 14–17.vii.1976, K. & E. Sattler, BM1976-605, BMNH(E)1621089, Philodoria sp. 9 (Hawaii) Sattler coll. D.C. Lees Sep 2016, 1621676 in NHMUK; 1♂, same data as last specimen, BMNH(E)1621090, Philodoria sp. 9 (Hawaii) Sattler coll. D.C. Lees Sep 2016; 1 unsexed, Kohala Watershed Partnership, 9.vi.2015 (stored), C.A. Johns leg., host: Myrsine sandwicensis, 18.v.2015, CJ-419 in BPBM.
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The study highlights a number of measures that could facilitate uptake of IPTc at scale. The distribution method used in the trial, which required all participants to attend the health facility on three consecutive days each month for three months, would not be feasible for children living in more distant villages and was problematic for some of those living even quite close to the health centres involved in the trial. A small-scale study in Ghana compared delivery of IPTc at fixed locations in villages with a facility-based delivery strategy and concluded that “to maximise the impact of IPTc, both delivery systems may be needed in some settings.” In The Gambia, a larger study found that delivery through CHWs was both more effective and less costly than delivery through monthly outreach visits by a team of health workers . In both these studies, as well as in a large-scale study in Senegal, caregivers were asked to administer the second and third doses of AQ to their children at home, while in our study, both caregivers and CHWs in Burkina Faso and Mali expressed concern over such an approach and said that they would prefer that a CHW or health worker administer all tablets. Further studies will be needed to compare the most appropriate distribution strategy for a given context, both initially, and once community members and health workers have become familiar with the new strategy. As also highlighted in a study of IPTi , development of appropriate single-dose formulations for IPTc would greatly facilitate administration and would likely permit higher, more equitable, and more cost-effective coverage of the intervention. Measures may also be needed to address the challenges of highly mobile populations, especially if IPTc were to be administered in some areas and not in others.
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In a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease, AnxA2 interacts with phosphorylated presenilin 1 and the SNARE protein VAMP8, the latter binding to the autophagosomal SNARE syntaxin 17. This ultimately facilitates fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, thereby increasing b-amyloid degradation, which has therapeutic potential for Alzheimer’s disease .
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The heating efficiency of these nanoparticles in response to an AMF was measured using a Five Celes inductor system (Five Celes, Lautenbach, France). This system uses a six-turn, moulded solenoid coil with an internal diameter of 71 mm. In this experiment, the nanoparticles were dispersed in 100 µL of double distilled water (ddH2O) at a nanoparticle concentration of 5 mg/mL (368 µg Fe/mL) and exposed to 35 mT, at a frequency of 92 kHz (parameters used for in vitro magnetic hyperthermia) for 60 s. Temperature changes were monitored using Optocon® fiber optic temperature sensors (Optocon®, Dresden, Germany) with an accuracy of ± 0.2 °C. From these temperature changes, specific absorbance rate (SAR) and intrinsic loss power (ILP) were calculated as reported in Kallumadil et al. .
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Thermolysin from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus rokko was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, disolved in 50 mM HEPES-KOH 10 mM CaCl2 pH 7.4, stored at −80 °C and its concentration measured spectrophotometrically using a ε280nm = 66086 M−1·cm−1. Proteolysis was performed at 25 °C in 50 mM HEPES-KOH 10 mM CaCl2 pH 7.4 using 20 μM Δ50-NQO1 (in monomer units), and the reaction was initiated by the addition of thermolysin at a final concentration of 0.1 μM. Proteolysis reactions were performed using Δ50-NQO1 as apo-proteins, upon addition of 100 μM FAD or 100 μM FAD and dicoumarol. Samples were withdrawn at different times, quenched with EDTA (20 mM final concentration) and denatured using Laemmli´s buffer at 95 °C for 5 min. Samples were resolved in 12% acrylamide SDS-PAGE gels, stained with Coomassie Blue and densitometered using ImageJ (http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/). After normalization of the intensities using that of the sample lacking thermolysin, the decay of the native band was analyzed using a single exponential function that yields the proteolysis rate constant k.
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Electrochemical characterization of Na2Fe2F7. (a) Galvanostatic charge–discharge curves recorded at C/20 over the first 50 cycles and (b) corresponding differential capacity plots. (c) Charge and discharge capacity obtained at various cycling rates and recorded over 35 cycles. The first charge step was omitted from the plot for clarity. (d) GITT data obtained over the first 2 cycles, where a 30 min C/20 current pulse was applied followed by a 2 h rest period. All the electrochemical results shown here were obtained using voltage cutoffs of 4.3 and 1.5 V on charge and discharge, respectively.
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Démarche diagnostique: après sondage vésicale et traitement de la douleur une tomodensitométrie (TDM) abdomino-pelvienne a été faite en urgence et a montré une masse corporéo-isthmique hétérodense de 97 / 87 mm, sans adénopathies ni épanchements, le foie et les reins sont d´aspect normal (Figure 1).
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Embora um grupo de pacientes com endometriose tenha apresentado células T reguladoras peritoneais com expressão de receptores do tipo Toll em maior número e variedade em comparação ao tipo correspondente no Grupo Controle, a análise não foi capaz de alcançar significância estatística. Assim, é necessário um estudo com coortes maiores de pacientes para comprovar nossa hipótese e investigar alterações fenotípicas e funcionais em células peritoneais na endometriose.
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PRL concentration in serum was measured by an ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay previously described . This particular method has shown a high reliability for detecting serum PRL independently of its isoform composition; in this assay the presence of anti-PRL autoantibodies does not interfere with the test results, yielding concentration values of 5–25 ng/mL in normal conditions. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.018 ng/mL, and the withinassay and between assay coefficients of variation were 5.7% and 6.8%, respectively.
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We describe the development of a comprehensive method of analysing the naso-oro-pharyngeal proteome of infants and young children with respiratory illnesses. Of the four protein identification methods reported, the highest number of protein identifications was achieved using protocol B, a method in which proteins in naso-oro-pharyngeal samples were extracted using a commercial extraction kit, followed by label-free quantification. However, unlike the methods described in protocol C, this method is limited by the fact that only one sample can be analysed at a time, limiting its practicality for high-throughput applications. In protocols Ci and Cii, peptides from different patient samples were labelled with TMT10plex reagents, allowing for sample multiplexing prior to MS analysis, followed in-silico de-multiplexing after analysis. This analytical design not only increases sample throughput, but concurrently limits the inter-sample variance that is inherent to single-sample analysis. For this reason, we limited further analysis of assay sensitivity, stability and reproducibility to protocols Ci & Cii. We found high levels of correlation between control samples run on different assay batches as well as limited inter-batch variance, suggesting that the methods developed were sufficiently robust for the quantitative analysis of the upper-airway proteome.
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Nous avons enrôlé dans l´étude toutes les patientes opérées d'une chirurgie gynécologique ou obstétricale propre ou propre contaminée pendant la période de l’étude. Nous avons considéré comme chirurgies propres les interventions sans ouverture de viscères creux, sans notion de traumatisme ou d'inflammation préalable à la chirurgie (chirurgie du sein sans drainage, chirurgie des annexes utérines sans signes d'infection; myomectomie sans ouverture de la cavité utérine). Comme chirurgies propres contaminées nous avons considéré les situations de chirurgies propres avec ouverture de viscères creux avec contamination minime ou avec une rupture minime d'asepsie (césarienne, chirurgie du sein avec drainage, hystérectomie, myomectomie avec effraction de la cavité utérine, chirurgie vaginale). Les cas de chirurgies contaminées ou sales, les césariennes après rupture des membranes de plus de 6 heures; les patientes séropositives au VIH avec un taux de CD4 inférieur à 350/ml et les patientes ayant nécessité en pré ou post opératoire un traitement avec des antibiotiques dans un cadre autre que celui d'une antibioprophylaxie étaient exclues de cette étude.
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En relación con la apariencia del cuestionario se cuidaron los detalles relativos a fuente y tamaño de la letra y longitud de las preguntas para asegurar una tasa de respuesta elevada. Además, se realizaron 5 entrevistas cognitivas pretest con una muestra de potenciales participantes en el estudio para que evaluaran una primera versión del cuestionario mediante la técnica del think aloud11.
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Mason’s trichrome staining of extrahepatic bile ducts after infection with RRV leads to complete obstruction of extrahepatic biliary duct in early infection group (A). In contrast, the late infection group had some mild inflammation with a patent bile duct (B). In each group, the images are magnified 40X.
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L'identification au cours de consultations prénatales et avant le travail des femmes à risque de dystocie et le transfert en temps opportun à un hôpital de niveau supérieur pour l'accouchement est l'une des stratégies visant à réduire la morbidité et la mortalité maternelles et périnatales . Le risque intra-partum est fondé principalement sur l'histoire obstétricale passée qui fait défaut chez toutes les primipares. Il existe des différences fondamentales entre le travail normal chez une primipare et celui d'une multipare. Comparées aux femmes multipares, les primipares sont plus susceptibles de développer des anomalies du travail qui nécessitent une intervention . De nombreuses études ont montré que les premières grossesses sont à risque accru de complications pendant la grossesse, le travail et l´accouchement et si elles ne sont pas correctement gérées, ces complications peuvent entraîner une augmentation de la morbidité et de la mortalité du couple mère-enfant . Les complications signalées sont notamment les troubles hypertensifs de la grossesse, l'accouchement prématuré et le faible poids à la naissance associé, les anomalies du travail, le risque accru d'accouchements par césarienne, les psychoses puerpérales, le taux accru d'hospitalisations néonatales et l'augmentation des décès périnatals [7–10]. Ces risques sont encore accrus chez les primipares dans les pays en développement en raison de la pauvreté, de l'utilisation insuffisante des soins prénatals, du manque d'installations optimales de surveillance du travail, du manque d´infrastructures et de dotation en personnel hospitalier qualifié, des pratiques socioculturelles défavorables.
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Рисунок 9. Эндо-супра-инфра-латероселлярная соматотропинома. На сагиттальных (А) и фронтальных (Б) МР-томограммах в Т1-взвешенном режиме выявляется гипоинтенсивная опухоль с ростом в пазуху клиновидной кости, супраселлярно с компрессией хиазмы зрительных нервов, латероселлярно — в левый кавернозный синус с обрастанием сифона ВСА и сдавлением медиальных отделов височной доли.
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Mutational profile data for a cohort of 178 lung squamous carcinoma patients (LUSC, run date 20160128) and 279 head‐and‐neck squamous cell carcinoma patients (HNSC, run date 20160128) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were retrieved using R version 3.4.3 and the Bioconductor package RTCGAToolbox, version 2.6.0 (Samur, 2014). Mutation rates were computed with the getMutationRate function in RTCGAToolbox.
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Concluzii: Nu avem suficiente date imagistice și clinice legate de existența unor fracturi de stress, frecvent bilaterale apărute în urma unor traumatisme minore sau absența lor, pacienta neprezentând o accentuare a sindrom algic bilateral înainte de ultimul eveniment.
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ALKa and ALK clonal mutation were both independent predictors of poor outcome in our multivariate Cox model. Notably, the end-of-induction response rate was not associated with ALK genetic alterations, suggesting that ALK-altered tumor cells are unlikely to be primarily chemotherapy resistant.
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As the US economy shuttered to a halt, the media, economists, and politicians extolled the virtues of our pre-pandemic economy and bemoaned the loss of years of job growth. The political message on the right insinuates that, pre-COVID, President Donald Trump was responsible for, and was governing over, a thriving economy. The same people suggest that our current predicament (i.e. the most extreme economic downturn of our lifetimes) is simply because of the pandemic – which no one, not even Trump himself, could control. In contrast, the dominant political message on the left suggests that the now shambles of our once prosperous economy are the sole result of the Trump administration’s failures. Regardless of the rationale, the image of a lost booming economy is tossed upon us, recklessly, in hopes that we will grab at any opportunity to pick back up where we left off and return to normal. The unpleasant reality is that such a picturesque “booming economy” is, and was, a lie. It's a lie propagated despite all the very real cracks that have been present and widening in the economy for decades: rampant under-employment, stagnant wages, declining worker power and protections, vast inequalities in wealth and health, and the overall evaporation of a middle class (Formisano, 2015). The list could go on. Then in March, we found our realities upended by a global pandemic. Things that were already bad have only gotten worse. The pandemic did not create our economic woes out of thin air; it only exposed them to the masses and then smashed down the already crumpling house of cards.
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Lastly, we hypothesize that RV eGenes are more likely to be associated with diseases or traits. For this analysis, we calculate enrichment of RV eGenes among five online disease gene databases (see Materials and Methods) including 6,298 genes from NCBI ClinVar database, 2,569 genes from Genotype-to-Phenotype (G2P) database, 20,998 reported GWAS genes from NHGRI-EBI catalog, 26,352 genes from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database, and 7,298 genes from OrphaNet database. We choose these databases because they facilitate the development, curation, validation of large-scale datasets for associations between human genetic variants and complex and rare diseases. We also consider genes for non-disease traits as positive controls, which are 212 genes related to body mass index (BMI) and 78 genes related to height that are provided by the GeneRIF database and downloaded from the Harmonizome database. Note that GeneRIF is a public database for the functional annotations of genes based on previous literature. We construct a 2x2 contingency table where an outcome is whether a gene is a disease gene for each database and an exposure is whether a gene is an RV eGene or a non-RV eGene. We use 8,090 RV eGenes we detect from all 49 tissues with FDR of 5%, and p-value is computed with the Fisher’s exact test where odds ratio (OR) greater than 1 indicates enrichment of RV eGenes in a disease database while OR less than 1 indicates depletion. Results show that RV eGenes are significantly enriched in five disease databases with OR ranging from 2.00 to 2.97 (p = 0~9.58e-42, Fig 4B), and the largest OR is observed in the OMIM database that contains genes involved in Mendelian disorders. We also observe an odds ratio of around 1.0 for genes related to BMI and height, as expected, because they are two common traits and are not related to any certain diseases. These results suggest that RV eGenes are much more likely to be involved with diseases compared to non-RV eGenes while they are not enriched in non-disease traits.
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为明确allo-HSCT患者粒缺状态对病原菌感染的影响，我们根据发生血流感染的时间对49例患者进行分组。其中在粒缺时发生血流感染的有38例（77.6％），非粒缺时发生血流感染的有11例（22.4％）。粒缺时发生血流感染的主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌，与文献报道相似。非粒缺组患者OS率较粒缺组低，但差异无统计学意义。进一步对不同粒缺持续时间患者血流感染情况进行分析，结果显示粒缺持续时间>14 d的患者发生血流感染的OS率较粒缺持续时间≤14 d的患者明显减低，差异有统计学意义。结合文献和本研究结果，粒缺期患者更容易发生血流感染，但患者的转归与感染时粒缺与否相关性不大，粒缺持续时间与allo-HSCT患者血流感染及预后更为相关。
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Der 22-jährige männliche Patient wurde in unserer Notfallambulanz in Begleitung der Polizei vorgestellt, nachdem sein linkes Auge mit einem Pfeil einer Armbrust in suizidaler Absicht getroffen wurde. Sowohl die Armbrust als auch das Projektil wurden vorgezeigt.
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En Colombia, las familias Viperidae y Elapidae son las de mayor importancia clínica, con 19 y 30 especies, respectivamente 6,8. En orden de importancia, las especies asociadas con el ofidismo pertenecen a los géneros Bothrops, Crotalus, Bothriechis, Porthidium, Lachesis y Bothrocophias (Viperidae), y Micrurus (Elapidae) 3,7,9-11. Las familias Colubridae y Dipsadidae 12 también incluyen especies de importancia en salud pública, aunque algunas pertenecientes a los géneros Clelia, Erythrolamprus, Leptodeira, Helicops, Oxybelis, Oxyrhopus, Philodryas y Thamnodynastes son opistoglifas, pero su veneno es de baja a moderada toxicidad 12. Otras, aunque no son venenosas, ocasionan mordeduras relativamente frecuentes y eventualmente pueden causar infecciones en el sitio de la mordedura; en este grupo cabe mencionar las serpientes aglifas de los géneros Atractus, Chironius, Dipsas, Imantodes, Lampropeltis, Sibon y Xenodon13,14.
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При сравнении результатов покрытия транскриптома прочтениями, полученными по протоколу рибосомного профилирования, с аналогичными данными, полученными для секвенирования транскриптома, можно оценить эффективность трансляции для каждого транскрипта. Такой анализ в масштабе всего транскриптома позволяет установить, как трансляция отдельных транскриптов соотносится между образцами. В основе этого метода лежит предположение, что все мРНК, связанные с рибосомой, подвергаются трансляции и, если скорость удлинения эквивалентна по всему транслатому, то средняя занятость рибосом является хорошим показателем скорости трансляции.
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The MICs of MINO and FLU were assessed against fourteen C. neoformans isolates, and the resulting data are shown in Table 1. There are no accepted clinical breakpoints defining FLU resistance in Cryptococcus isolates, so we used MIC breakpoints of ≥16 μg/ml to determine FLU resistance. Five C. neoformans isolates (including H99) were FLU-susceptible with FLU MICs ranging from 1 to 4 μg/ml, whereas the other nine C. neoformans strains were FLU-resistant, with MICs of >32 μg/ml. The MICs of MINO against the tested strains were all >128 μg/ml, demonstrating the minimal intrinsic antifungal activity of MINO against these isolates.
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Several distinct types of methods have emerged that attempt to address this challenge. Perhaps one of the most popular approaches from the last decade has been Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) , and extensions of the method. MDR is a combinatorial search that considers all possible interactions of a given order and selects the best model via cross validation. Because MDR is an exhaustive search, it suffers from the previously discussed scalability issue, though recent work using graphics processing units has attempted to lessen this deficit . Though MDR is a general constructive-induction algorithm that can be paired with any stochastic search technique, it is most often paired with a permutation testing strategy to assess statistical significance for each marker, so the computational burden becomes prohibitive for large datasets. Permutation testing computes a p-value for a statistic of interest (such as an accuracy measure from MDR) by randomly permuting the class labels and calculating the statistic on the permuted dataset. This procedure is repeated many times to compute a “null” distribution for the statistic of interest. The percentage of instances in the permuted null distribution that are less than or equal to the actual statistic from the unpermuted data is taken as the desired one-sided p-value. Unfortunately, this can be extremely expensive for large datasets when many hypotheses are simultaneously tested, leading to a large multiple testing scenario. To get the required resolution for a Bonferroni corrected p-value of 0.05 when considering a set of 1,000 SNPs, one must perform 20,000 permutations. This makes permutation testing infeasible for even moderately sized datasets.
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Die Bildung von Harnsäuresteinen wird begünstigt durch Hyperurikosurie und saures Milieu. Die metabolische Diagnostik der Harnsäuresteinbildung stützt sich auf ein Urin-pH-Tagesprofil, in dem sich typischerweise eine Säurestarre (Urin-pH-Werte konstant < 5,8) findet. Des Weiteren wird im 24-h-Sammelurin neben dem Volumen und der Harndichte die Harnsäureausscheidung quantifiziert. Die Bestimmung der Harnsäure im Serum erfolgt bereits mit den Basisuntersuchungen.
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在美国，每年有3万患者被确诊为SCLC。SCLC具有独特的自然病程，它倍增时间较短，生长分数高、早期广泛转移以及对放、化疗具有独特的初始反应。SCLC的一线治疗包括：应用顺铂或卡铂+依托泊苷的联合化疗（局限期SCLC加用放疗），应用上述治疗方案可使总有效率达到60%-80%。但是，所有进展期及大部分局限期SCLC患者都会在初始治疗完成后数月内复发。对初始治疗保持一定程度的反应达3个月或以上的患者被认为是“敏感的”。这些患者对于二线化疗有反应的可能性更高，尽管疗效仅能达到一线治疗的一半，患者生存期平均仅有6个月左右。“难治性”患者或对初始治疗无反应，或在完成治疗后的3个月内出现疾病进展。“难治性”患者，对二线化疗的有效率低于10%，生存期仅为3个月至4个月。
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L. monocytogenes causes sporadic cases or protracted outbreaks, and even multi-country outbreaks, and often the specific source may not be known (Halbedel et al., 2018). A subtyping method with high resolution, reproducibility, and exchangeability is required for international surveillance and investigation. Different methods are used to subtype L. monocytogenes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), the typing golden standard, has been used internationally, but lacks comparability between different networks and sufficient discriminatory power, and does not reflect the evolutionary relationships among strains (Gerner-Smidt et al., 2006). The other standardized genotyping method, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on seven genes, is an internationally comparable subtyping method, but lacks the discriminatory power required for epidemiological surveillance (Ragon et al., 2008; Chenal-Francisque et al., 2011; Haase et al., 2014). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), a powerful epidemiological typing tool, can differentiate isolates that are indistinguishable by other typing methods (Harris et al., 2010; Mutreja et al., 2011; Maury et al., 2016; Moura et al., 2016). Thus, WGS has been widely applied for investigating outbreaks and contamination of food production plants (Schmid et al., 2014; Stasiewicz et al., 2015; Bergholz et al., 2016; Kwong et al., 2016). WGS can also help to predict pathogenic loci in virulent or hypervirulent strains. Furthermore, WGS can reveal population structure and infer evolutionary relationships among strains from a wide range of geographic, temporal and epidemiological origins (Moura et al., 2016).
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Le traitement des sténoses urétrales était essentiellement chirurgical et plusieurs techniques ont été utilisées. L’Urétrotomie interne endoscopique (UTI) seul était la technique la plus réalisée dans le traitement des sténoses urétrales dans cette formation sanitaire (58%). C’est une technique applicable pour les sténoses courtes, uniques et franchissables à la lame pour l’urètre bulbaire . Pourtant, elle a produit des résultats satisfaisant sur les sténoses dont la longueur allait jusqu´à deux centimètres. Les autres techniques étaient constituées de l’UTI associées à d’autres gestes tous ayant des bénéfices dans le traitement . Plusieurs autres techniques sont en évolution mais, le plateau technique et le niveau économique de nos structures ne permettent pas de les réaliser.
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Our data support the linear flow approximation assumption at small enough scales, as indicated by the ensemble averages of the initial relative separation velocity; see Fig. 3 where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\left\langle {u_l^2} \right\rangle _{{R_0},{t_0}}}{\rm{/}}R_0^2,$$\end{document}ul2R0,t0∕R02, (green right-triangles) levels-off at R 0 ≲ 12 μm. The same regime is not reached for the relative velocity, yet the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\left\langle {{u^2}} \right\rangle _{{R_0},{t_0}}}{\rm{/}}R_0^2$$\end{document}u2R0,t0∕R02 data in Fig. 3 (blue left-triangles) does not rule out this possibility for smaller scales.
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Recentemente, nosso grupo publicou dois documentos descrevendo as indicações, as contraindicações e as técnicas recomendadas para a realização dos testes cutâneos e provocação com fármacos.(43,47) Neles, podem ser encontradas mais informações a respeito desses testes. A tabela 3 resume os principais testes in vivo e in vitro para investigação de hipersensibilidade a BL.
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Previous work has shown that CCND1 plays a key role in regulating the cell cycle of BCa cells,9 and downregulation of CCND1 induced G1 phase arrest and the inhibition of cell proliferation in BCa. The TCGA data integrated and analysed by the ONCOMINE database revealed that the expression of CCND1 was markedly reduced in bladder cancer (Figure S3G). Consequently, CCND1, targeted by miR‐502‐5p, can regulate cell proliferation in BCa cells.
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The preparation state of ASF entries is listed as the percentage of food items that were raw, cooked or processed in each FCT (Table 1b). The Zimbabwe database, the oldest reference consulted, includes a majority of food items in their raw form (72·2 %, n 39), whereas the newer references report a larger number of items in cooked or processed forms, most prominently in the Ugandan FCT (70·6 %, n 89). Databases were also examined for the breadth of animal species contributing to the ASF listed, as presented in Table 1c. Of particular interest was the inclusion of products from non-domesticated animals. No such items are found in resources from The Gambia and Lesotho, but other references, in addition to the aforementioned invertebrates, include entries for rodent (Mozambique), antelope (Mozambique), crocodile (West Africa) and an unspecified ‘game animal’ (West Africa).
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Crystallisation of a receptor in the fully active state requires the presence of a cytoplasmic signalling partner. A range of native binding partners and mimetics (Gs, nanobodies, β-arrestins, mini-Gs and the transducin α-subunit C-terminal peptide)10 have been used, and the resulting active structures for the μ-opioid receptor (μOR)24, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)25, β2AR26, 27, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M228 and rhodopsin29 are all very similar pointing towards a unified mechanism for receptor activation. The hallmarks of an active state are a large lateral displacement of the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6) from the helix bundle, accompanied by a characteristic rearrangement of conserved residues (Arg3.50, Tyr5.58 and Tyr7.53 (superscripts refer to Ballesteros–Weinstein numbering30)) that seem to stabilise the receptor in its active conformation10. For agonist-bound A2AR, an intermediate-active state structure is found in the absence of IBP and there is also spectroscopic evidence for an active-like intermediate19, 31. No such equivalent has been observed for agonist-bound β1AR, reflecting subtle variations in the conformational energy landscape. However, NMR studies of β1- and β2AR indicate a ligand efficacy-dependent equilibrium between inactive and active states11, 12, 17. In addition, accelerated molecular dynamics (MD) simulations may be used to assess receptor activation, e.g., following the pathway from the active (ternary) structure of β2AR to the inactive receptor, potentially providing evidence for an intermediate conformation, as well as coupling between the ligand and G-protein-binding sites32. However, currently for β1AR, there are no reported active state structures.
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Kusuhara et al. wiesen 2004 bei Patienten mit einem präoperativen MHI ≥ 0,5 einen besseren postoperativen Visus nach als bei Patienten mit einem präoperativen MHI < 0,5 (p = 0,03) . Zu einem ähnlichen Ergebnis kamen wir in einer Langzeitnachverfolgung von Patienten mit MF, welche mithilfe der Inverted-Flap-Membranpeeling-Technik operiert wurden . Beide Arbeiten verwendeten zur statistischen Auswertung die präoperativen MHI-Daten. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigten die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen einem niedrigen intraoperativen MHI und einem besseren postoperativen Visus (p = 0,02). Der präoperative MHI scheint eine andere Aussagekraft zu haben als der intraoperativ erhobene MHI. Die intraoperative Veränderung des MHI könnte ein weiteres Maß für die durch Meyer et al. beschriebene Mobilität der Netzhaut sein .
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Phlegmariurus rubricus (Herter) A.R.Field & Bostock comb. nov. Basionym: Urostachys rubricus Herter, Revista Sudamer. Bot. 8:25. 1949. Synonym: Huperzia rubrica (Herter) Tardieu, Adansonia sér. 2, 10: 18. 1970. Type: Madagascar. H.Humbert 3717 (holo: P! [P466617]). IPNI ID: 77125141-1
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Das temporäre I‑TIND©-Implantat (MediTate, Or-Akiva, Israel) verursacht eine Rinnenbildung vergleichbar einer Turner-Warwick-Inzision und verbessert IPSS, QoL und Qmax signifikant. Komplikationen treten selten auf, insbesondere wurden keine Blutungen beobachtet . Es existieren keine Daten zur I‑TIND©-Therapie bei Patienten unter AC/TAH. Die EAU-Leitlinie gibt aufgrund der fehlenden Daten keine Empfehlung hinsichtlich der Verwendung ab.
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Молекулярно-генетические исследования выявили вариантные замены у 8 пациентов: у 2 — патогенные замены, у 1 — вероятно патогенный вариант, у остальных пациентов — замены с неизвестной клинической значимостью. Наиболее часто вариантные замены определялись в гене FGFR1 (у 4 из 8 пациентов), у пациента 5 вариантная замена сопровождалась развитием микропении, у пациента 6 — крипторхизмом, а у пациента 15 — сочетанием крипторхизма с микропенией. Характерных фенотипических проявлений (расщелина губы и неба, аномалии развития нижних конечностей) при вариантных заменах в гене FGFR1 не наблюдалось.
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The dependence of equilibrium particle streak location on particle deformability. a) Schematics showing the layout of a serpentine microfluidic network for focusing for 2 µm spheres and cyanobateria. This figure represents a top view of the design, and enlarged images for each region. There are five functional components: an inlet for the homogeneous suspension, a filter region to prevent downstream channel clogging, an asymmetric serpentine channel to focus the particles, an isolation region to separate the particle stream from liquid media, and three collection outlets. Green dots represent cyanobacteria pathlines. b) The two fluorescence intensity images on the left part are the focused GFP‐modified cyanobacteria and red fluorescent particles in the last curve. The white dashes represent the microchannel boundaries. Shown at right are fluorescence distribution histograms of 2 µm cyanobacteria and 2 µm particles across the width of the expanded isolation region leading to the three outlet channels.
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Mean transit time (MTT) is the average time (in seconds) a certain volume of blood takes to pass through a given volume of brain . MTT is calculated by dividing CBV by CBF. Time to peak (TTP) is the time it takes an IV-injected bolus of contrast material to reach its peak in a given region of the brain, also commonly measured in seconds.
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Por otro lado, en el estudio se detectó con gran frecuencia en los dos grupos una SNV en la posición -2171 de la región promotora del gen SNCA, la cual no se encuentra reportada en GenBank (NCBI). Dicha variante se observó con mayor frecuencia en el genotipo heterocigoto [T/A] en los dos grupos, sin diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ellos (p=0,14).
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Systematische Reviews und Metaanalysen unterstrichen auch eine ähnlich starke Assoziation zwischen Trauma und PTBS einerseits und koexistentem Tabakkonsum (Zigarettenrauchen) andererseits. So betrug die durchschnittliche Prävalenz eines aktuellen Tabakkonsums bei Personen mit PTBS 24 %. Umgekehrt lag die koexistente Diagnose einer PTBS bei Zigarettenrauchern in 20,2 % vor. Personen mit PTBS zeichneten sich zudem durch eine hochgradige Nikotinabhängigkeit und einen massiven aktuellen Konsum von Tabakprodukten aus . Verglichen mit nichtrauchenden Personen aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung zeigten rauchende Personen eine ca. doppelt so hohe Rate an koexistenter PTBS. An PTBS leidende Raucher waren im Vergleich zu Rauchern ohne PTBS durch eine höhere negative Affektivität, eine umfangreichere Trauma-Anamnese, eine stärker ausgeprägte Nikotinabhängigkeit, häufigere andere psychiatrische Komorbiditäten, eine höhere Anzahl frustraner Abstinenzversuche und vermehrte Rückfälle nach zuvor schon erreichter Abstinenz von Nikotin charakterisiert .
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PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; FNA-Tg, the value of thyroglobulin during fine needle aspiration biopsy washout fluid; FNA-Tg [1.0, 2.2, 5.0, 10.0, 19.4, 28.5, 36.0, 50.0], the cut-off value of interpretation for positivity test was 1.0, 2.2, 5.0, 10.0, 19.4, 28.5, 36.0, and 50.0 ng/ml; Serum Tg: the value of thyroglobulin in the serum. A surgery pathology result was used as the gold standard. Numbers in parentheses are the number of cases.
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Most bacteria possess both gyrase and Topo IV. A few exceptions are Corynebacteria, Campylobacter jejuni, Deinococcus radiodurans, Treponema pallidum and some Mycobacteria (such as Mycobacterium leprae, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis) (7,8), which lack parC and parE. Presumably, decatenation of the circular chromosomes in these bacteria is carried out by gyrase. This notion was supported by the demonstration that the gyrase of M. smegmatis indeed possesses a strong decatenation activity as well as supercoiling activity in vitro (9).
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Resistance risk assessment workflow. The resistance risk assessment workflow encompasses three goals: cross-resistance determination (goal I), de novo resistance selection frequency determination (goal II), and resistance mode-of-action determination (goal III). These can be achieved trough a straightforward set of quantitative experiments applied to compounds at the lead and preclinical developmental stages. A resistant IC50 corresponds to a 20-fold increase as compared to a fully sensitive strain (NF54 or HB3 in the case of sulphonamides). C is the theoretical cost of fitness associated with resistance (see main text). C<0 indicates that resistance provides a fitness advantage, which is a major risk factor. Ultimately, the overall risk level can be classified as low, elevated, or major and allows to prioritize the development of robust compounds and to establish risk mitigation strategies for the others.
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We confirmed the first chikungunya case among persons in the FDC in November 2019. The outbreak started in December and lasted 13 weeks. The CHIKV strain belonged to the Indian lineage of the East/Central/South African genotype (10). The dengue outbreak peaked in late January and was linked to DENV-1 with a unique serotype, confirmed for 36/56 dengue cases (Figure 2). CHIKV and DENV co-circulated for 16 weeks. One chikungunya case was diagnosed by CHIKV IgM on blotting paper alone; all others (57/58, 98%) were confirmed by RT-PCR. One dengue case was diagnosed by positive NS1 antigen RDT with positive DENV IgM on blotting paper; all others (55/56, 98%) were confirmed by RT-PCR (Figure 1). The National Reference Center received blotting paper samples for 93.0% (106/114) of the DENV and CHIKV infections and confirmed 97.2% (103/106) of the diagnoses, 93.4% (99/106) by RT-PCR and 3.8% (4/106) by serology (1 DENV and 3 CHIKV). DENV and CHIKV RT-PCR testing were performed both on whole blood and on blotting paper for 44.7% (51/114) (Tables 1, 2). Compared with RT-PCR of whole blood, no RT-PCR of blotting paper produced false-positive results.
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Many researchers tried to discover the interventions needed to prevent the occurrence or alleviate the severity of enterocolitis. In clinical practice, cyclic antibiotic usage has been proposed with the aim of reducing the occurrence and severity of HAEC in HSCR patients. Since the hypothesis of bacterial overgrowth was believed to be a cause of HAEC, Rintala and Lindahl suggested an empirical usage of metronidazole and norfloxacin for antibiotic prophylaxis against HAEC . However, a recent study suggested the prophylactic usage of antibiotics might increase the risk of resistant organisms without conferring any benefit with regard to the prevention of enterocolitis . To confirm the effect of antibiotics on gut microbiota, Toure AM, and colleagues studied the composition of the gut microbiota of TashT knock-out mice and wild-type mice after administration of oral board spectrum antibiotics. After prolonged oral antibiotic usage, the gut microbiota had decreased in quantity with a reduction in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla in both HSCR and wild-type mice . These results suggested that prolonged usage of antibiotics might cause dysbiosis of gut microbiota without significant benefit regarding the prevention of HAEC development.
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In 83% (275/333) of the gastric carcinoma cases (Figures 1(a) and 1(b)), SOX9 was located in the nucleus and frequently showed a strong staining pattern. Absence of SOX9 expression was observed in 17% of gastric carcinoma cases (Figure 1(c)). Nuclear SOX9 expression was also observed in normal gastric mucosa (Figure 1(d)), particularly in the neck/isthmus region, as previously described [24, 27].
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To discriminate whether the preference for short-3’UTR isoforms in the Aire-sensitive genes was directly associated with the process of Aire’s induction of gene expression or rather was a feature of Aire-sensitive genes preserved in the absence of Aire, we analyzed the proportion of long 3’UTR isoforms for the Aire-sensitive genes in Aire-KO mTEChi. We note that by definition these genes are all expressed at lower levels in the absence of Aire but that most are still expressed at levels sufficient to determine 3’UTR isoform ratios. We observed a preference for the smaller ratios (Figure 1E, Figure 1—figure supplement 1B and Figure 1—source data 3 and 4) in Aire-sensitive versus neutral genes in the Aire-KO cells. For these KO mTEChi, we once again examined the d3’UTR ratios across all expression levels of both Aire-sensitive and neutral genes and again, like in WT mTEChi, found that the preference of Aire-sensitive genes for smaller d3’UTR ratios was independent of the levels of gene expression (Figure 1—figure supplement 2B). We further noted that the majority (~90%) of Aire-sensitive genes that exhibited small d3’UTR ratios (<0.25) in WT mTEChi were also characterized by small d3’UTR ratios in Aire-KO mTEChi (Figure 1F and Figure 1—figure supplement 1C), Together, these observations showed that the short-3’UTR isoform preference of Aire-sensitive genes in mTEChi was specific to those genes responsive to Aire, whether or not Aire was actually present.
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The genome of phage JG024 was scanned for the presence of sigma 70-dependent promoter regions using the web service SAK . Putative promoter regions with a score above 1 were scanned for the presence of conserved -10 and -35 regions using the Virtual Footprint software . Two promoter regions were identified in this way. Rho-independent terminator structures were identified using the TransTerm and FindTerm (Softberry, Inc.) software tools. The program MEME was used for identification of conserved intergenic motifs in phage JG024 .
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A medida de MRPA foi realizada de acordo com o protocolo estabelecido pelas III Diretrizes Brasileiras de Monitorização Residencial da Pressão Arterial.17 O aparelho de MRPA foi entregue aos participantes em todas as visitas. Eles foram orientados a realizar as medidas da PA conforme protocolo, anotar os valores em ficha específica para esse fim e devolver o aparelho no retorno agendado para a visita subsequente.
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In this paper, the nonlinear model of accelerometers is established inspired by reference , and the accelerometer model is expressed as (2)fp=Cap(Ka1Na+Ka2Na(2)+Ka3Na(3)+∇a)+vp=deff˜p+vp=defCapf˜a+vp where fp is the true value of the specific force in p-frame, f˜p and f˜a are the raw output of accelerometers in p-frame and a-frame, respectively; Ka1 = diag(Kax1, Kay1, Kaz1), Ka2 = diag(Kax2, Kay2, Kaz2) and Ka3 = diag(Kax3, Kay3, Kaz3) are the linear, the second-order and the third-order scale factor of accelerometers, respectively; ▽a and vp are the bias and the noise of accelerometers, respectively; Na is the output of accelerometers in pulses per second, Na(2) denotes the vector with the square of each element in Na and Na(3) denotes the vector with the cube of each element in Na:(3)Na(2)=[(Nxa)2(Nya)2(Nza)2]T (4)Na(3)=[(Nxa)3(Nya)3(Nza)3]T
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Neben der NNFR boten die meisten Leistungserbringer auch noch die BAR-Phasen C (75,0 %) und D (69,4 %) an, wobei die eigenständige Akutversorgung (Phase A), z. B. auf einer Stroke-Unit, nur von 2 (5,6 %) und die Phase E von 3 (8,3 %) Studienteilnehmern berichtet wurde. Während der Beatmungsentwöhnung wurde die Prozedur „neurologisch-neurochirurgische Frührehabilitation“ (OPS 8‑552) in 33 von 36 Einheiten (91,7 %) erbracht.
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Стеблевое полегание пшеницы происходит под влиянием нагрузки на стебель, которая возрастает с увеличением веса на колос и удлинением соломины. Другими словами, происходит изгиб и даже слом соломины, преимущественно в районе второго и третьего междоузлия снизу (Терентьев, 1974; Zuber et al., 1999; Packa et al., 2015; Khobra et al., 2019). Особенно часто стеблевое полегание встречается у сортов с длинным и тонким стеблем. Наибольший вес колоса отмечается в конце спелости. Несмотря на то что третье нижнее междоузлие обладает меньшей устойчивостью соломины на излом, чем второе, в силу большей нагрузки, приходящейся на последнее, полегание пшеницы чаще всего отмечается именно во втором междоузлии. Увлажнение колоса увеличивает нагрузку на стебель, поэтому дожди в это время наиболее опасны для полегания пшеницы. Условия внешней среды приобретают особое значение во время формирования второго и третьего междоузлия.
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Seven hundred and thirteen (43.3%) corneas were discarded either due to poor-quality or medical contraindication due to the cause of death; while 933 corneas (56.7%) were used out of which 436 (26.5%) were used for OPK and rest for Therapeutic Penetrating Keratoplasty (TPK). In the first 6 years, usability rate was 66.5% (133/ 200); in the next 5 years, it was 65.4% (354/541) while in the last 5 years it reduced to 46.9% (406/865). This was mainly because with passing years more old-aged and poor-quality corneal donations increased at a higher rate. Out of 713 corneas discarded, 458 (64.2%) were discarded during the last 5 years. On the contrary, percentage of corneas used for OPK was 24.5%, 17.9% and 26.8% in the first 6 years, next 5 years and the last 5 years respectively (Fig. 2a).
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Todavia, é importante considerar o fato de que não existe padronização de instrumentos para aferir o envelhecimento bem-sucedido. De forma similar, a categorização para as faixas etárias é diferente entre os estudos, assim como as metodologias utilizadas. A proposta mais clássica de Rowe e Kahn9, apesar das ponderações presentes na literatura, continua influenciando significativamente todas as discussões desse assunto15. Estudos sobre o tema são promissores, porém não existe consenso conceitual ou instrumentos padronizados universalmente para a avaliação5,15,17,19.
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Two participants in the PLWH group developed COVID-19 post-vaccination (2 days after the first dose and 3 months after the second dose), both with mild disease. Regarding side effects in the PLWH group, 62.0% reported mild side effects, 16.8% moderate, and one reported severe fatigue after the first dose. After the second dose, 54.0% reported mild side effects, 24.6% moderate, and one patient reported severe pain at the injection site. No serious adverse effects were reported.
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Acute biodistribution data and tumor reduction data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and a post-hoc Bonferroni multiple comparison. The difference between heated and unheated cell proliferation in vitro and the difference between heated and unheated tumor fluorescence in the IVIS experiment was compared using a Student’s t-test. Survival data were analyzed using a Kaplan-Meier analysis with a log-rank test (non-parametric test) of equality of survival functions across groups. A Cox proportional hazard regression models (semi-parametric model) with Breslow method for ties was used to investigate the differences among the groups. Statistics were calculated using Analyze-It for Microsoft Excel or STATA.
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Remarkably, a similar rate and extent of EIAV env evolution has been reported in progressor and nonprogressor ponies experimentally infected with EIAV, indicating that ongoing viral variation and population diversity occur in the absence of clinical indications and at relatively low levels of systemic virus replication . Ultimately, viral evolution and associated increasing divergence and diversity of the quasispecies’ Env are responsible for the recurring nature of chronic EIA, which appears to be the result of the sequential evolution of EIAV antigenic variants that temporarily escape established immune surveillance.
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The MAM-7 gene was amplified from genomic DNA from V. parahaemolyticus using the primers MAM7-F (CCGATATCTCCGTATGTGCCTGATGTTAAGAGGA) and MAM7-R (CCAATGCATCAAGGGCTTAGGAATTGGCGTT) designed from V. parahaemolyticus reported sequence RIMD 2210633 (GenBank: NC_004603.1). PCR amplification was performed using 1.25 U of Dream Taq® (Fermentas), 40 ng of genomic DNA from RIMD, and 65 ℃ of annealing temperature (30 cycles). The amplification product was cloned in pSEC and pCWA plasmids at EcoRV and NsiI restriction sites to yield the plasmids pSEC-MAM7 and pCWA-MAM7. Resulting recombinant vectors were used to transform L. rhamnosus according to Serror et al. . Presence of MAM-7 gene in L. rhamnosus strains was confirmed by PCR amplification and restriction endonuclease analyses. Expression of MAM-7 from each plasmid was assessed by RT-PCR using primers MAMRT-F (GCTCTACCTGACGACAACAAAGT) and MAMRT-R (TTCCTATCGGTGCGGTCTAC) (Fig. 1) and Western blot (Data not shown).
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A number of studies have demonstrated that EMT is induced by TGFbeta, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, EGFR-RAS-MAPKs, and HIF1a . Moreover, several master-regulators of EMT are broadly recognized—transcriptional factors of Zeb, Snail, and Twist families. Their expressions are associated with the loss of E-cadherin and claudins with simultaneous upregulation of mesenchymal markers—vimentin and fibronectin (Figure 3).
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Most of the respondents perceived that children with minor trauma should be treated at a PED, and that children with major trauma should be treated at a general ED.[If] there's not some major active life-threatening issue here… it seems very clear to me that one should be treated in a PED. (Interviewee 1)Regarding major trauma a decision was made. The Council for Trauma and Emergency Medicine has decided that at present they[children] should be admitted to adult shock rooms. (Inteviewee 12)
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In order to identify genes involved in chemotherapy response in patients suffering from TNBC we made use of a published dataset analyzing global gene expression profiles of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy . This dataset combines pretreatment gene expression profiles with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, e.g. showing either residual disease (n = 99) or pathologic complete response (n = 34). By analyzing both gene expression profiles as well as response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy we could firstly, show that SFRP1 expression correlates with the triple negative breast cancer subtype and secondly, demonstrate association between expression of SFRP1 and positive response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, i.e. achievement of a pathologic complete response (Figure 1A, Tables 1, 2).We next sought to analyze the expression of SFRP1 in breast cancer tissue specimen. Therefore, we performed immunohistochemical analyses of tissue microarrays of breast cancer patients previously categorized as being either TNBC or non-TNBC. We detected different levels of SFRP1 expression mostly located in the tumor tissue (Figure 1B). When analyzing the distinct scores of expression of SFRP1 we found strong correlation of SFRP1 expression and the triple negative breast cancer subtype (Figure 1C).In addition, by using quantitative real time PCR and western blot analyses we found expression of SFRP1 in 5 out of 6 triple negative breast cancer cell lines (HCC-1937, MDA-MB-468, BT-20, MDA-MB-453 and HCC-1806), whereas no expression was detected in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 as well as the non-TNBC cell lines SKBR-3 or MCF-7 (Figure 1D). These results clearly demonstrate a correlation of expression of SFRP1 and the triple negative breast cancer subtype. Additionally, there seems to be a link between the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and expression of SFRP1.
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Arachidonic acid is converted initially to the hydroperoxy-endoperoxide PGG2, which subsequently converts to the hydroxy-endoperoxide PGH2 through the enzyme’s peroxidase (POX) activity (Figure 1) . A variety of bioactive arachidonic acid metabolites are produced from PGH2, varying in function from regulating inflammation, blood clotting, ovulation, initiation of labor, bone metabolism, nerve growth and development, kidney function, and blood vessel tone. As such, changes to COX-2 expression help to regulate diverse functions in several tissues. It is not surprising then that alterations in normal COX-2 activity are seen in a number of diseases, ranging from cardiovascular disease to cancer . Initial reports indicated that there was elevated COX-2 expression in colorectal cancer , and further studies showed that numerous other epithelial cancers were also associated with elevated COX-2 expression . The presence of increased COX-2 activity in cancer appears to be associated with more aggressive phenotype . For example, breast cancers with increased COX-2 expression had an increased rate of recurrence, increased metastasis, and worse clinical prognosis and survival rate . Many of these adverse effects have been ascribed to increased formation of pro-proliferative COX-2-derived PGE2 . More recently, it has been recognized that COX-mediated formation of 11(R)- and 15(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HPETEs) followed by POX-mediated reduction to the corresponding 11(R)- and 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) provides excellent substrates for 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) . The resulting 11- and 15-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs) have anti-proliferative activity similar to that observed for 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) . It is noteworthy that 15-PGDH is down-regulated in many cancers , which results in increased activity of pro-proliferative PGE2 (through decreased inactivation) and decreased activity of anti-proliferative 11- and 15-oxo-ETE (through decreased biosynthesis) .
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Finally, we no longer constrain the movement along the z-axis for the robot manipulator. The orientation is still in a fixed downwards position. We still consider the same scene as in the previous experiments and start the robot gripper in the same initial position without any observations. We evaluate whether this third degree of freedom improves the speed at which the area can be uncovered, and whether the chosen actions matches the biological behavior encountered in for example an owl. The owl will fly to a high vantage point to search for its prey, and move down when it has localized it (Friston et al., 2016).
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Mais recentemente, estudos têm demonstrado que o consumo de lácteos se associa inversamente ao risco de DM2 14 , 391 AVC 392 e DCV. 110 Nesses estudos, as concentrações plasmáticas dos saturados pentadecanoico (15:0) e heptadecanoico (17:0) foram utilizadas como marcadores de consumo de lácteos, uma vez que, por não serem sintetizados endogenamente, estes devem ser obtidos da dieta, sendo os lácteos sua principal fonte.
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As shown in Table 1, we summarize the related work on optimizing network resources through incentive mechanisms. We highlight the optimization strategy in this paper that uses contract theory as an incentive mechanism approach to jointly optimize CPU cycles, transmission power, and cache decisions with latency as the optimization objective. This emphasizes the need for an effective incentive mechanism that can safeguard the private information of MTs in HetNets with MEC.
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The Gunner–Henry (GH) scoring method was used to assess the quality of the pharmacophore model . A database containing 1985 inactive and 15 active peptides was constructed. The 15 active peptides are collected from the reported literature (Table S3). Previous studies have found that a phosphopeptide motif (HSpTA) has a pivotal role in targeting PLK1-PBD . Since the phosphopeptide sequence excluding a “HSpTA” motif is unable to target PLK1-PBD, 1985 peptide sequences without the “HSpTA” were selected as inactive peptides from the antimicrobial peptide database (http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/). Then, the validated pharmacophore model was used as a 3D query to screen the database containing 2000 compounds using the pharmacophore search protocol available in MOE. Finally, many statistical parameters were calculated, including the total hits (Ht), % yield of actives, % ratio of actives, enrichment factor (E), and the goodness-of-hit score (GH). The GH score range from 0, indicating the null model, to 1, which indicates the ideal model.
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In order to analyze the apoptotic pathways in monocytes, positive selection of CD14+ cells was performed from healthy and SIV-infected RMs. Western blots probed with specific antibodies to FLIP revealed that monocytes from SIV-infected RMs displayed lower amounts of FLIP ( Figure 7A ), as compared to healthy RMs. Thus, the absence of FLIP is consistent with the increase sensitivity of these cells to undergo apoptosis after ligation of death receptors. Moreover, we found that monocytes from SIV-infected RMs had lower amounts of Mcl-1 ( Figure 7A ). In one SIV-infected RM, we also detected an increased amount of the proapoptotic form of Mcl-1Exon-1. To assess the expression of active form of Bax and Bak proteins in APCs from healthy and SIV+RMs, we used specific antibodies that detect conformational changes as previously described . In comparison to CD4+ T cells, we found that 20%±6 and 30%±11 of monocytes from SIV-infected RMs at day 14 express the active form of the pro-apoptotic Bax and Bak molecules respectively as compared to monocytes from non-infected RMs (less than 11%±4). Similar data were observed in DCs although to a lesser extent ( Figure 7B and 7C ). Thus, our results indicate that monocyte and DCs are engaged in a process leading to mitochondria damage supporting our observation that these cells are more prone to undergo apoptosis during the acute phase. Furthermore, we used a broad caspase inhibitor and demonstrated that by blocking caspase activation, cell death of APCs was also prevented ( Figure 7D ). We also demonstrated that the addition of caspase inhibitor led to an increase in the number of cells expressing TNF-α after stimulation with LPS + IFN-γ stimulation ( Figure 7E ). Altogether, our data demonstrated a critical role of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in controlling APC death during the acute phase of SIV-infection.
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Um festzustellen, ob diese Botschaften beim Publikum tatsächlich ankamen, wurden die Aufführungen regelmäßig evaluiert. Erhalten sind beispielsweise die ausgewerteten Fragebogen zum Stück Sergej S. Zajaickijs (1893–1930) Das Leben befiehlt, die zeigen, dass die Zuschauer die Hauptidee des Stücks erfassen konnten (Abb. 6): Die Syphilis ist heilbar, wenn sie rechtzeitig erkannt und angemessen behandelt wird. Über die Krankheit muss ohne „falsche Scham“ gesprochen werden . Laut Zeitungsberichten waren auch die Aufführungen von Das Dämmerlicht der Stadt und Das Leben befiehlt ein großer Erfolg [57–60]. Lina S. Nejman (1887–1971), eine Literatur- und Theaterkritikerin, die 1928 Das Dämmerlicht der Stadt in einem Arbeiterclub besuchte, hat einige Stimmungen im Zuschauerraum eingefangen. Als das Dorfmädchen Lisa in die Hände der Zuhälterbande gerät, flüstern die Arbeiterinnen aufgeregt: „Jetzt füllen sie sie ab, Halunken!“, „Nun ist sie geliefert!“, „Jetzt schleppt er sie ab – das Mädchen ist verloren“ ! Die große Mehrheit des Publikums sind Frauen, viele mit Kind im Schoß oder im Arm. Manche müssen in den Gängen stehen, weil der Saal rammelvoll ist. Man hört Gelächter, Schluchzen und Zwischenrufe und hat das Gefühl, die Bühne und das Publikum seien eins. In der Pause wird über die Figuren des Stücks aufgeregt geredet und gestritten, als seien es reale Personen. Einige Frauen beginnen über die Seitensprünge von Kollegen und Kolleginnen untereinander zu tuscheln: „Habt ihr gehört, auch bei uns in der Fabrik …“ Nach der Vorstellung verlässt das Publikum den Arbeiterclub in tief andächtiger Stille. „Was lief da gerade?“ – fragt ein neugieriger Passant. „Ein venerisches Schauspiel“, antwortet eine Zuschauerin ernst und fügt hinzu: „Ein lehrreiches Stück“ .
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应用验证组120例病例数据，代入CJFH模型和其他广泛应用的肺小结节恶性概率预测模型，包括Mayo模型、VA模型、Brock模型、北京大学人民医院（Peking University People’s Hospital, PKUPH）模型和广州医科大学第一医院（Guangzhou Medical University First Hospital, GMUFH）模型（各模型具体计算公式见附录），绘制各自模型的ROC曲线（图 2），得到AUC值。CJFH模型ROC曲线的AUC值与其他模型ROC曲线的AUC值比较结果如表 4示。
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Results of pre-operative FDG-PET demonstrated that the left medial temporal tip was hypometabolic. Differences between the pre-operative and post-operative FDG standardised uptake value ratios (SUVRs) revealed an increase in FDG metabolism in the left lateral temporal lobe, bilateral striata, bilateral frontal bases, and left posterior cingulate gyrus. Moreover, Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM, Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, London, UK) analysis showed a considerable decrease in the hypometabolic area postoperatively (Fig. 5). Fig. 5MRI-PET
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La laparoscopie est primordiale dans ces cas puisqu’elle permet de confirmer l’anomalie anatomique puis proposer un traitement qui consisterait à une appendicectomie sous cœlioscopie . En l’absence de cette technique, la tomodensitométrie (TDM) abdominale permet d’orienter la voie d’abord chirurgicale .
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As expected, the deletion of the marR gene in both strains decreased their resistance to NF (Fig. 2A) and chloramphenicol (Fig. S1B), respectively. EV18 was capable of growing on LB-KPi plates up to 300 μM NF to the highest dilution, while visible growth of the EV18 ∆marR was only possible on plates containing 100 μM NF (Fig. 2A). While EVC grows at concentrations as high as 200 μM, its marR knockout can hardly cope with 25 μM (Fig. S1B).Figure 2Deletion of marR decreases the resistance to NF and is associated to an increase in pHi. (A) Serial 10-fold dilutions of cell suspensions of the EV18 and EV18 ΔmarR grown on LB-KPi agar supplemented with the indicated concentrations of NF. (B) Comparison of the cytoplasmic pH of the EV18 and EV18 ΔmarR cells incubated at the indicated pHs. (C) Growth of the single mutants of marR, soxR, soxS and rob in the EV18 strain during exposure to increasing concentrations of NF for 12 h in in LB-KPi medium.
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Durante 2016 y 2017 se notificaron 5 573 casos de TB en Paraguay. Se excluyeron 438 casos: 428 por duplicidad de registro y 10 por tener TB resistente a medicamentos. Ingresaron en el estudio 5 135 casos, que representan el 92% del total de los casos notificados.
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The risk of AL increased significantly during childhood or adolescence after the cumulative dose of ionizing radiation (30). Ionizing radiation is the accepted cause of leukemia. A study found that mice that survived high doses of radiation had unique gut microbiota, with Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae as the most abundant bacteria (31). Then, they collected stool samples from 21 leukemia patients who had received total body radiation before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, patients with shorter duration of diarrhea (diarrhea less than 10 days) had more Lachnospiraceae and Enterococcaceae in their feces than patients with longer duration of diarrhea (diarrhea more than 10 days) (31). Lactobacillaceae also increased in patients with shorter duration of diarrhea, but there was no statistical significance (31). Bone marrow and small intestinal epithelial cells are highly sensitive to ionizing radiation, and they are the main site of radiation injury (32). Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), a metabolite of gut microbiota, reduces DNA damage and reactive oxygen species release in blood and gastrointestinal tissues during radiation damage (31). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) improved the survival rate of irradiated animals, increased white blood cells, and improved gastrointestinal function (33). The gut microbiota plays a key role in host defenses against radiation, as well as protecting the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems.
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The serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1), SGK1, is a serine/threonine kinase downstream of the PI3K cascade . SGK1 is a member of the AGC family of protein kinases, including protein kinases A, G, and C, and is related to the major cellular survival factor, protein kinase B (PKB, also called Akt). SGK1 and PKB share 45% to 55% homology within their catalytic domain , , . In mammalian cells, two more isoforms of SGK1 have been described, referred to as SGK2 and SGK3 . They share 80% homology in their catalytic domains and are evolutionally conserved. The expression of SGK1, but not SGK2 or SGK3, is acutely regulated by glucocorticoids and serum . Similar to several other AGC kinases, SGK1 is activated via stimulation by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1/2-mediated phosphorylation and is tightly linked to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway (PI3K) dependent cell survival pathway. SGK1 is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels by external stimuli including hepatocyte growth factor as well as steroid hormones, particularly aldosterone and growth factors like insulin , , , , , . SGK and Akt are thought to phosphorylate related substrates, because they share a similar consensus phosphorylation site (RXRXXS/T) .
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Black phosphorene (BP) is another class of 2DNMs which can be prepared by exfoliating black phosphorus crystal with high charge carrier mobility, which makes it suitable for electronic devices. However, exfoliated BP has intrinsic instability in ambient conditions, and is prone to degradation and oxidation in air and water environments . One way to passivate BP against corrosion is to combine it with other conductive stable 2D materials such as MXene. In a study performed by Zhu and co-workers , titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2-MXene) nanohybrid with two-dimensional phosphorene was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly. The nanomaterial then was mounted on laser-induced porous graphene and used as a nonenzymatic electrode for detection of phytoregulator α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) residues in agricultural products through a portable wireless electrochemical miniworkstation. The sensor revealed a wide linear range of 0.02–40 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.6 nM . Antimonene with similar properties to BP also holds much attention for biosensor application . In a study, antimonene functionalized with supramolecular oligonucleotide and was applied to detect certain DNA sequences and BRCA1 gene mutation caused by breast cancer in real samples . Therefore, this class of 2DNMs with the facile preparation method can potentially be an inexpensive alternative for traditional time-consuming gene assays.
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No trabalho de Colomb et al,6 foram utilizadas 2 fórmulas de NP padronizadas (uma para recém-nascidos a termo até crianças de 2 anos e outra para crianças de 2 a 18 anos de idade). Cerca de 30% dos pacientes não foram incluídos na pesquisa devido à necessidade de individualização. Contudo, os autores afirmam que na prática clínica estes poderiam ser incluídos porque as limitações encontradas superam os riscos, quando a NP é utilizada em curto prazo. Segundo a ASPEN,4 as formulações da NP são frequentemente individualizadas e a NP padronizada pode ser uma alternativa. De acordo com a ESPGHAN,14 a fórmula de NP padrão pode ser utilizada por períodos curtos (até 2 semanas), contudo a NP individualizada é preferencial.14 - 19
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As shown in Figure 4, the levels of ROS and ONOO− in the serum in RE control rats were markedly higher than those of normal rats, whereas these enhanced levels were significantly inhibited by the administration of RC-mix. The reduced ROS level both RC200 and RC400 recovered nearly to those of normal (Figure 4(a)). The ONOO− level in RC-mix treated experimental rats in comparison with RE control rats significantly decreased (Figure 4(b)). RC200 and RC400 treatment were superior to that of RC100. However, RC200 and RC400 showed a similar inhibitory effect.
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