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135,059 |
The purpose of this study was to better understand the reach and application of the term ‘food literacy’ in order to progress the field. This study found that, while the term ‘food literacy’ has been used frequently and broadly throughout academic literature, there are inconsistencies in its application and definition.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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191,973 |
The stratified funnel plots for training status showed no detectable differences among the groups (data not shown). We also performed a sensitivity analysis using Hedges’ g in our main analysis of training category (which may be less sensitive to small sample sizes than the standardised difference in means), but these findings did not materially differ from our main results (data not shown).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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228,874 |
Amyloidosis is a group of heterogeneous diseases caused by protein misfolding, which manifest as neurodegenerative disorders (affecting the central nervous system), or systemic pathologies affecting other vital organs . This class of pathologies is characterized by the aggregation of specific misfolded proteins into insoluble fibrils, followed by their aberrant deposition in tissues and organs, which disrupts tissue architecture while compromising physiological functions . Among the human amyloidosis identified so far, a hereditary systemic amyloidosis is caused by mutations in the gene encoding Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA-I), the major protein in high-density lipoproteins. To date, 23 ApoA-I amyloidogenic mutations have been identified . These ApoA-I variants are responsible for late onset, autosomal dominant, hereditary systemic amyloidosis, characterized by protein aggregates deposition in heart, liver, kidneys, nerves, ovaries or testes, leading to organ damage and eventually failure ( and references therein). Most of the mutations occur as a single-nucleotide substitution and are localized in two main hot spots, encompassing residues 50–93 and 170–178. Intriguingly, although ApoA-I-related amyloidosis is a systemic disease, the localization of the amino acid substitution to either of these two regions dictate which organ/tissue will be predominantly affected. For instance, patients with alterations in the N-terminal region (residues 1–75) mostly show hepatic, renal, and testis involvement, whereas carriers of mutations in residues 173 to 178 mainly develop cardiac, laryngeal and cutaneous amyloidosis . ApoA-I-related amyloidosis represents an intriguing field of study because, despite significant advances in the study of the structure and aggregation propensity of ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants , (i) the mechanism responsible for the onset and progression of this disease is largely unknown, and (ii) limited therapeutic options are available to counteract the detrimental effect of protein aggregates deposition. Accordingly, a better understanding of the molecular alterations induced by ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants in target cells would be instrumental for the implementation of novel therapeutic approaches aiming to alleviate amyloidosis.
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188,278 |
It is mandatory to follow a balanced diet, not to skip meals, especially breakfast. Indeed, food intake is able to trigger the gastrocolic reflex, i.e., increasing colonic motility in response to gastric distension, with a synergistic effect with the orthocolic reflex, which takes place at the transition from supine to upright position, causing the propagation of high amplitude colonic peristaltic waves . It is recommended not to ignore the defecatory stimulus. Indeed, the current rhythms of everyday life often force patients to postpone defecation, leading to a progressive decrease in the perception of the defecatory stimulus and, consequently, the need to evacuate.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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162,803 |
Potential causative variants were found in 20 of 60 independent cases of HL of our cohort (Table 1 and Supplementary Table 4). These variants were identified in genes associated with nonsyndromic forms of HL in nine cases, in genes associated with nonsyndromic forms of HL or Usher syndrome in seven cases, and in genes associated with other forms of syndromic HL in four cases (Fig. 2a, c). Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were only identified in 6 of 20 independent cases of HL in our cohort (Table 1, Supplementary Table 4, and Fig. 2a). Sixteen percent of these variants were nonsense variants, 6% were small deletions, 13% were predicted to affect splicing, and 65% were missense variants (Fig. 2b). Seventy-seven percent of these variants had not been previously associated with HL. We also identified several potential CNVs. However, subsequent ddPCR experiments either did not confirm the presence of these CNVs or showed that they did not cosegregate with the HL.Fig. 2Etiology of hearing loss in a cohort of 56 Nigerian Yoruba families with 60 independent cases of hearing loss.a Relative distribution of the likely genetic causes of HL identified in Yoruba individuals according to ACMG/AMP criteria for interpretation of sequence variants in HL genes, mode of inheritance, and gene classification. AR autosomal recessive, AD autosomal dominant. The number of cases per category is indicated in parentheses. b Characteristics of the cases and variants identified. c Distribution of the cases as a function of the genes in which potential causative variants were identified. The associated modes of inheritance are indicated. *MT-RNR1 variant m.1555A>G was found in an individual with HL also carrying potential causative VUS in CDH23 and OTOF (the latter were not indicated here but are available in Table 1).
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251,096 |
Out of the 2.81 × 108 reads obtained from all of the samples, 8.23 × 107 reads remained unmapped (∼29%) after trimming and mapping to the host genome (Supplementary File S2). From these nonhost reads, 42,816 contigs were assembled, of which 1346 regular biome, 27 dark biome, and 7 double dark biome contigs passed the filtering steps (Supplementary Files S2–S5).
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369,449 |
There has been in recent years a growing interest in the development of biocompatible and tunable delivery systems for bioactive molecules of natural source. In this regard, HGs are biomaterials with distinct properties that make them attractive for a wide range of biomedical and therapeutic applications. The base component of the HGs, i.e., the three-dimensional cross-linked polymeric network endowed with controllable swelling behavior in an aqueous medium, may be variously modified according to its chemical structure to match different requirements, such as active or passive targeting, loading capacity, controlled release of the bioactive components, mechanical strength, physicochemical properties, metabolic stability, etc., as well as to respond to different types of internal/external stimuli (i.e., pH, thermal, chemical, magnetic, light) in such a way so as to create smart delivery systems for drugs and biomolecules. On the other hand, plant-derived (poly)phenols, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, are also gaining considerable attention due to their safety and huge therapeutic potential. However, the use of these phytochemicals as drugs is still hampered by their poor bioavailability due to low water solubility and marked first-pass metabolism. Taking this into account, HGs look like ideal, or at least sound among the most promising, delivery vehicles for this class of derivatives. This review highlights the extraordinary variability of the HGs projected to vehicle (poly)phenols, both regarding the chemical composition and the technologies employed. Many of these systems have been designed for a potential, effective employment in the treatment of skin and epithelial diseases, including not only skin wound healing but also contact dermatitis, burn injury, UV-erythema, psoriasis, etc., and, more interestingly, epithelial cancer. This is possible thanks to two factors. On the one hand, (poly)phenols are, as already mentioned, bioactive multifactorial agents, capable of acting as antioxidants and antimicrobials but also of modulating the main cellular signal pathways involved in inflammation and in cell replication and death; on the other hand, there is the possibility of producing HGs which are responsive to particular environmental conditions, such as pH. In addition to this, it should be emphasized that the innovative technologies used today could made it possible to use (poly)phenols in other biomedicine fields as well, through the possibility of being administered by injectable HGs (for example for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases) or by targeted HGs (for example, HGs based on the natural CD44 receptor ligand HA, potentially effective in the treatment of some types of cancer) or even by pH-responsive HGs that could allow (poly)phenols to overcome adverse conditions of the gastric environment (for example, in the case of colon-targeted delivery of these compounds).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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316,142 |
Characteristics of the study population are shown in Table 1. The majority of the obese endometrial cancer survivors were Caucasian and, on average, were ~61 years old. Approximately 45% had Class I or Class II obesity and 55% had Class III obesity at baseline with a mean BMI of 41.8 ± 8.2 kg/m2. As expected, hunger rankings post-meal were lower than pre-meal but were not significantly different between Class I/II and Class III obesity groups. Food preference (“liking”) ratings for high-calorie foods were higher in Class III (4.1 ± 0.5) compared with Class I/II obese patients (3.9 ± 0.5; p = 0.04). Class III obese patients consumed more total calories (584.0 ± 173.9 vs. 506.5 ± 142.5; p = 0.03) and more total fat (27.5 ± 10.0 vs. 23.5 ± 8.2; p < 0.05) and protein (38.6 ± 13.4 vs. 31.6 ± 9.5; p < 0.01) in the luncheon meal compared with Class I/II obese patients.Table 1Characteristics of endometrial cancer survivors with obesity seeking weight loss.CharacteristicTotal population (n = 85)Class I and II obese (n = 38)Class III oobese (n = 47)Age (years)59.7 (9.1)61.7 (9.2)58.1 (8.8)Caucasian78 (91.8%)35 (91.5%)43 (92.1%)BMI (kg/m2)41.8 (8.2)34.6 (2.8)47.6 (6.4)aPre-meal hunger4.7 (2.3)4.8 (2.4)4.7 (2.4)Post-meal hunger (“satiety”)0.5 (0.8)0.6 (0.9)0.4 (0.7)Meal: total energy (Kcal) Consumed549.3 (164.4)506.5 (142.5)584.0 (173.9)aMeal: % Kcal from fat consumed40.9 (6.2)40.6 (6.2)41.1 (5.9)Meal: total fat (g) consumed25.7 (9.4)23.5 (8.2)27.5 (10.0)aMeal: % Kcal from carbohydrate consumed33.2 (7.9)33.4 (8.2)31.5 (7.7)Meal: total carbs (g) consumed45.1 (15.0)43.3 (14.8)46.6 (15.1)Meal: % Kcal from protein consumed26.8 (5.1)26.0 (4.8)27.4 (5.2)Meal: total protein (g) consumed35.5 (12.3)31.6 (9.5)38.6 (13.4)aHigh-calorie food preference (“liking”)3.98 (0.47)3.86 (0.46)4.08 (0.46)aLow-calorie food preference (“liking”)3.97 (0.46)4.06 (0.41)4.07 (0.50)ap-value < 0.05 (Class III vs. Class I/II).
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220,371 |
In the NMA, we assumed a common heterogeneity parameter to be shared across comparisons within an outcome, and we estimated the treatment hierarchy for the primary outcomes using P-scores, which represent the average extent of certainty for each intervention to be better than the competing ones .
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18,604 |
A long chirp pulse penetrates deeper and achieves a higher eSNR gain than a short chirp pulse. However, the chirp pulse length is limited by dynamic receiving focusing, which distorts the received coded waveform prior to beam sum . Figure 17 shows that an optimal pulse length exists for chirp-coded strain imaging. Therefore, we must select a short chirp pulse (approximately 20 cycles) for the excitation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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186,622 |
Figure 5 presents changes in the employment rate between 2007 and 2019 by region. Every region shared in the employment growth over this period, though with considerable variation. On average, the lower‐employment parts of the UK saw faster growth (with the exception of Northern Ireland and the North East).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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49,688 |
In the interests of transparency, eLife includes the editorial decision letter and accompanying author responses. A lightly edited version of the letter sent to the authors after peer review is shown, indicating the most substantive concerns; minor comments are not usually included.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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209,598 |
Ferroptosis is a kind of programmed necrosis, which is mainly caused by lipid peroxidation outside the mitochondria and the increase of ferroptosis-dependent ROS. Abnormal iron metabolism and the imbalance of the two main redox systems (lipid peroxidation and thiols) are the main stimulus factors for the production of ROS. Ferroptosis is one of the basic mechanisms of sorafenib in the treatment of HCC. Many factors related to ferroptosis have been shown to be related to liver cancer (4). Retinoblastoma (RB) protein-deficient HCC cells have a two to three times higher mortality rate than cells with normal levels of RB protein. The susceptibility of RB protein-inactivated HCC to ferroptosis is due to the increase in the concentration of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria, which increases the cells’ oxidative stress response (5). Metallothionein-1g (MT-1G) is a new type of negative regulator of ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. MT-1G gene knockdown increases sorafenib-induced ferroptosis (6).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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197,773 |
Methanolic extract of moringa leaves also showed a protective role against oxidative stress in rats’ hearts under diabetic conditions. Moringa leaves extract was orally administrated to diabetic rats (streptozotocin-induced diabetes (30 mg/kg)) for 60 days at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. The blood glucose level, serum glucose, and glycated hemoglobin were significantly decreased, whereas plasma insulin was increased in moringa-treated rats. The level of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content was increased in the rat heart. In addition, improved histopathology studies were also reported. GC-MS analysis also reported 12 different compounds in the extract, which might be responsible for reducing oxidative stress in the heart of diabetic rats .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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33,987 |
There is also a link between VC and ERK. It has been reported that AA2P promotes the production of ECM components by attenuating the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and enhances the stemness of adipose-derived stem cells and the cell sheet formation, while it has no effect on the subsequent adipogenic differentiation . In other studies, VC attenuates the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 to inhibit the regulation of type I and III collagen production by the LL-37 polypeptide in human dermal fibroblasts . Based on the above evidence, we hypothesized that AA2P attenuates the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 to up-regulate the expression of collagen VI and promote the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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134,829 |
Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS ONE’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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130,722 |
Diaporpyrone B (10) was isolated as colorless powder. Its molecular formula was established as C12H16O5 based on the (-)-HRESIMS analysis at m/z 239.0922 [M - H]− (calcd for C12H15O5, 239.0925). The 13C NMR and DEPT spectra of 10 shows a total of 12 signals containing two carbonyl carbon (δ C 178.1 and 164.8), two nonprotonated carbons (δ C 160.0, 120.6), two olefinic methine carbon (δ C 145.9, 114.1), an oxymethine carbons (δ C 68.6), four methylene carbons (δ C 37.7, 35.2, 26.2, and 26.0), and one methyl carbon (δ C 17.0) (Table 2). The UV spectra of 10 resembled that of 9, and most of the 1H and 13C NMR data of 10 are similar to those of 9. In the 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HSQC spectra of 10, additional signals attributed to the presence of a hydroxy group on C-1′ (δ C 68.6). This was confirmed by the HMBC correlations from C-1′ to C-4 (δ C 145.9), C-5 (δ C 120.6), C-6 (δ C 160.0), and the correlations of H-1′/H2-2′/H2-3′/H2-4′/H2-5′ in the COSY spectrum of 10 (Figure 2A). Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations were next employed to determine the absolute configuration of 10 by comparing the ECD spectra of (1ʹS)-10 and (1ʹR)-10 with the experimental result, which suggests that a (1ʹR)-10 configuration (Figure 2B; Bruhn et al., 2013). In addition, the specific rotation value [α]23.6 D +1.92 (c 0.12, MeOH) was in opposite with the published specific rotation value of similar α-pyrones dothideopyrone A ([α]25 D -77 (c 0.22, CHCl3)) (Chomcheon et al., 2009) and dothideopyrone F ([α]25 D -118.72 (c 0.05, MeOH)) (Kim et al., 2018), with an S-configuration at C-1′.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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31,314 |
8–12 weeks old C57BL6/J mice were anesthetized and the heart was quickly removed from the chest cavity and immediately placed in ice-cold KHB buffer. After weighing, the aorta was cannulated and the heart were perfused with Ca2+-free KHB for 3 min followed by 8–12 min perfusion with Ca2+-free KHB containing collagenase. After perfusion, ventricles were removed, minced and incubated with the collagenase solution for an additional 3–7 min. The cells were filtered through a nylon mesh (60 μm) and collected in a 15-ml sterile tube. Myocytes were washed and calcium was slowly re-introduced in a stepwise fashion. Finally, cells were resuspended in MEM supplemented with FBS, BDM, penicillin, and ATP and plated on laminin. After healthy myocyte adhesion to laminin-coated plates, media was exchanged for serum-free MEM and cells were exposed to normoxia (21% oxygen) or hypoxia (1% oxygen using preequilibrated media for 1 h ) the next day and immediately resuspended in Trizol for miRNA analysis .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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223,699 |
Expression of lipid droplet-associated proteins, Perilipin-1 and Caveolin-1, was determined by western blot. As shown in Figure 7, compared with OA group, incubation with kaempferol (5, 10 and 20 μM) and kaempferide (5, 10 and 20 μM) decreased the expression of Perilipin-1 in HepG2 cells (p < 0.01), with a dose-dependent effect being observed. Furthermore, kaempferol (10 and 20 μM) and kaempferide (10 and 20 μM) decreased the expression of Caveolin-1 (p < 0.05, Figure 7). These results suggest kaempferol and kaempferide may reduce lipid accumulation by decreasing the expression of lipid droplet proteins.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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317,463 |
The AA content was determined with HPLC (Nexera X2 Shimadzu LC-30AD, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a DAD detector (SPD-M30A, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), using Waters column (ACCQ-TAG Ultra C18, 100 mm, 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) at λ = 260 nm). First, samples were hydrolyzed according to AOAC methods . The AA were separated under the following conditions—the injection volume was 1 µL; flow rate 0.6 mL/min; separation temperature 55 °C; total method time 22 min; separation time 18 min; the mobile phases were based on C2H3N (ready-to-use Waters eluents) as 100% solution of AssQ-Taq Ultra (eluent A) and 5% solution of AssQ-Taq Ultra (eluent B); elution was initiated at 100% of eluent A and 0% eluent B. Non-linear gradient separation was a gradual increase in the ratio of phase B to phase A. The level of eluent B increased to a maximum of 59.6% and then decreased to 0%. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted by comparison with commercially available standards (Waters, Elstree, UK) dissolved in water. The results were expressed as g/100 g.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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57,870 |
A drawback of the present study is that the method could not accurately quantify the viable bacteria in the environment and food samples. As a result, the DNA of some dead bacteria was also included in the information of the total bacterial DNA. However, when the samples were enriched, the numbers of viable bacteria were increased in the sample, which can reduce the risk of false positive results due to the DNA of dead bacteria. Although propidium monoazide (PMA) coupled with multiplex RT-PCR is a useful tool for the quantification of viable bacteria (Bae and Wuertz, 2012; Yang et al., 2013), it still a drawback to the limit of detection. Li et al. (2015) combined DNA and PMA to quantify the viable Legionella pneumophila, S. typhimurium, and S. aureus in tap and river water, and this method could detect 101 CFU/mL viable bacteria. Therefore, the pre-enrichment step combined with the multiplex PCR method is more suitable for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in the food environment and in complicated food matrixes, especially for the detection of bacteria in a few numbers.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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167,352 |
Currently, medical linear accelerator (LINAC)‐based SRS is most often delivered using multi‐leaf collimators (MLCs) via volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and/or dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT).8 Relative to previously used cone collimators, the shielding provided by the MLC, however, is not optimal due to interleaf leakage or transmission which contributes to the low dose to normal tissue.9, 10, 11
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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333,904 |
4. Repeat the steps of (2–3) until the process meets the stoppage criteria, and the remainder/residuals contain only one or two extremes. Finally, the remainder/residual is defined as: (5)\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$$R\left( t \right) = x\left( t \right) - \mathop \sum \limits_{k = 1}^K \widetilde {\rm IM{F_{\it k}}}$$\end{document}R(t)=x(t)−∑k=1KIMFk~where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$k = \; 1,2,..,K$\end{document}k=1,2,..,K.
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17,833 |
The AJCC staging system provides a strategy for grouping patients with respect to prognosis.3 TNM staging assesses the tumor (T), regional nodes (N), and distant metastases (M). Using the T component of this classification for BC, this prospective study (undertaken at Grey’s Hospital, KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, during 2014) aimed to recruit 50 patients in each of the four T stages of BC. This was an arbitrary number that was considered obtainable within 1 year in our hospital. Sociodemographic data, presenting complaint of the patient, health-seeking behaviors (clinic visits), and information on tumor size were collected. Those with T3 or T4 BC were asked why they delayed presenting and why they presented now. The information was entered into a local BC database approved by an ethics committee (Biomedical Research Ethics Committee Reference Number: BCA434/14). Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical variables. All tests were two-tailed and significance was set at P < .05. The duration of symptoms was not evaluated because we found that patients’ responses to this question were often unreliable and were not concordant with the clinical picture. Women with T3 or T4 BC often gave the duration of symptoms as a few weeks, which did not fit the clinical signs.
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310,101 |
For the hip placement, the recognition of SED was poor to modest for group models (56–60%) at each GMFCS level, modest for group-personalized models (60–65%), and poor for the fully-personalized models (31–49%). For each model type, between 31% to 58% of all SED instances were misclassified as SUM. The recognition of SUM was poor for group models (29–55%) at each GMFCS level, with misclassification frequently occurring as SED (43–69%). Group-personalized models displayed very good recognition of SUM (83.2%) among children at GMFCS III; however, among children classified at GMFCS I and II, recognition was poor (33–40%) and frequently misclassified as SED (59–66%). Fully-personalized models had good to very good recognition (76–84%) and recognition increased as GMFCS function decreased from level I to II. Walking recognition for the group model ranged from modest to good for children at GMFCS levels I and II (65–77%); however, among GMFCS III children, walking recognition was very poor (28%), with 72% of walking instances being misclassified as SUM. Among children at GMFCS II and III, walking recognition for the group-personalized and fully-personalized models ranged from good to excellent (79–97%), with the accuracy increasing as GMFCS function declined from level II to III. Among children at GMFCS I, walking recognition ranged from poor to modest (57–65%) for group-personalized and fully-personalized models.
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25,278 |
All measurements at baseline were performed before the randomization and repeated after one and two years. Besides demographics and information on weight, height, body mass index, and body fat%, the following health variables constituted the data for the present paper.
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50,435 |
Patients suggested possible improvements to service promotion could include phone calls, more public notices, mailed information and SMS reminders. In contrast, some of these methods were mentioned by health professionals as difficult due to poor mailing services and the lack of mobile phone reception. Health professionals suggested newspaper advertisements and local radio announcements could be used to promote the service. Send a flyer to the person…you can put it on your fridge… an SMS, like the day before… it just lets people know then and remind them. [Patient]
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95,628 |
Each of the 24 environmental samples (3 samples/site, 8 sites) was amplified in a total of four PCR reactions, twice with each of two distinct indexed primer sets (see Supplemental Information for indexing details), for a total of 24 × 4 = 96 individual sets of amplicons for sequencing. All but one of the environmental samples (from site CW) was sequenced successfully. We also sequenced four positive (Tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus tissue) and three negative controls, treated the same way (twice with each of two indexed primers, for a total of 16 replicates of positive controls and 12 replicates of negative controls). Using tissue-derived DNA as a positive control allowed us to assess non-amplifications as deriving from sample-specific, (rather than PCR-condition-specific) causes, and selecting a non-native species as the tissue source allowed us to identify putative cross-contamination among samples (all Tilapia sequences should derive from the laboratory rather than the field). 150 bp paired-end sequencing was carried out on an Illumina Nextseq.
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85,861 |
Table 4 shows the number of subjects in which only one monitor for each pair detected a critical drop in rSO2. In the INVOS/EQUANOX cohort, INVOS met the 20% relative decrease for all six subjects in the cohort. In five of six subjects, EQUANOX did not detect a 20% relative decrease. There were no subjects for whom EQUANOX reached the threshold and INVOS did not, and although numerically different, the results only trended towards statistical significance (P = 0.06). We found similar results with the INVOS/FORE-SIGHT cohort, where INVOS met the 20% threshold in all four subjects compared with two subjects with FORE-SIGHT. There were no subjects for whom FORE-SIGHT detected a 20% relative change when INVOS did not. The difference was not statistically significant.Table 4Detection of critical rSO2 thresholds during the first desaturation cycle (n, %)INVOS: YESEQUANOX: NO n = 6INVOS: NOEQUANOX: YES n = 6 P valueINVOS: YESFORE-SIGHT: NO n = 4INVOS: NOFORE-SIGHT: YES n = 4 P value20% relative rSO2 decrease from baseline met5 (83%)00.062 (50%)00.5050% absolute rSO2 threshold met4 (67%)00.063 (75%)00.25Data were not statistically significant (exact binomial test)
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30,183 |
Chick Type II collagen (CII) (Chondrex cat. #20012) was dissolved in 0.05 M acetic acid by gently stirring overnight at 4 °C. Equal amount collagen and complete Freud’s Adjuvant (CFA) (Chondrex cat. #7024) were mixed in an ice-water bath, adding the collagen drop-wise to the CFA while mixing. The same procedure was conducted when mixing Bovine Type II collagen (Chondrex cat. #20022) with Incomplete Freud;s Adjuvant (IFA) (Chondrex cat.#7002) On day 0, 0.5 ml of the emulsion (containing 0.5 mg Chick CII + CFA) was injected at the base of the tail of each rat. On day 7, a second injection (0.5 mg Bovine CII + IFA) was administered in the same way. For arthritis assessment, all rats were monitored three times a week by the same person blinded to the treatment group, and the clinical scores were evaluated. Zero score represents no edema or swelling in the joint; 1 score represents slight edema and erythema limited to the foot and/or ankle; 2 scores represent edema and erythema toes and most joints of the ankles; 3 scores represent severe edema and erythema paw below ankle joint; 4 scores represent edema and erythema of all paws including ankle joint . The cumulative score for all four paws of each rat (maximum possible score of 16) was used to represent the overall disease severity and progression. The model of arthritis was considered successful when the scores were greater than 5.
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95,321 |
The study population included MS patients, the majority of which participated in the RAGTIME study (https://ClinicalTrials.gov ID:NCT02421731) (24). This clinical trial compares robot-assisted gait training vs. conventional therapy on mobility in severely disabled progressive MS patients.
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123,508 |
Water shedding angle measurements on cotton samples were conducted following the procedure described in the literature on an apparatus built using a Standa 8MR151 motorized rotation stage (Standa Ltd., Vilnius, Lithuania) with automatic droplet dispensation constituted by a Harvard Instruments Nanomite MA1 70-2217 syringe pump (Harvard Apparatus Inc., Holliston, MA, USA) and a 100 μL volume Hamilton syringe (Hamilton Company, Switzerland). The following parameters were used: droplet volume equal to 10.0 ± 0.1 μL, needle-to-substrate distance set to 10.0 ± 0.5 mm, and minimum droplet path on sample equal to 20.0 ± 0.5 mm. Fifteen measurements were conducted for each inclination angle, with care taken that the impact of the drops on the samples occurred in a different place. If all the droplets rolled off the sample surface, inclination was decreased by 5°; the smallest angle for which all droplets rolled off the sample surface was addressed as the shedding angle.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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382,035 |
Reviewer #1: This is a very interesting observational study, which may be a starting point for further studies and drug development. The hypothesis is clear, the data are solid and the manuscript is well written. The major limitation is that the study is purely correlative, but it does not take away from its originality.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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375,855 |
Gereau pointed out that the Note also conflicted with the redefinition of “content” already accepted by the Section. By not guaranteeing that all material was simultaneously published, the priority of the publication would be obscured, and therefore the proposal should be rejected.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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150,175 |
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in EPO, Hb concentrations and running performance (VMA and VO2max) following 21-day high-altitude, on the sand at sea level, and traditional sea-level training cycle. Our primary findings are that both, high-altitude training and sea-level training on sand resulted in significant improvements in EPO, Hb, VMA, and VO2max that exceeded changes in such parameters following traditional sea-level training. While high-altitude training elicited greater relative increases in EPO, VMA, and VO2max, sand training resulted in comparable increases in Hb and may prevent hypoxia-induced weight loss. The main conclusions of this study confirmed our initial hypothesis and suggest that the physiological modifications triggered by 21-days of either high-altitude training or training on the sand at sea level are greater than those attained by traditional sea-level training methods.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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186,206 |
The study was approved by our institutional review board, and written informed consent was waived by the IRB due to the retrospective nature of the study. Between 2009 and 2019, the data from 15000 patients were retrospectively investigated, and CTA of cerebral or cervical arteries were analyzed by two independent radiologists. Some data were excluded if patients had encephalorrhagia, aneurysms, malignant tumors, and other diseases involving the arteries in the neck or the quality of images was not enough to analyze. Patients were selected and divided into six groups according to the age and the severity of cerebral or cervical artery stenosis: the young normal group (Yn), aged 21–35 years without stenosis of an artery; the senior normal group (Sn), aged 55–76 years without stenosis of an artery; the mild-moderate stenosis in afferent arteries group (AMs), with mild or moderate stenosis of the common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery (ICA), or basilar artery (BA) but without simultaneous severe stenosis of bilateral vertebral artery (VA); the severe stenosis in afferent arteries group (ASs), with severe stenosis of the CCA, ICA, BA, or both VA; the severe stenosis of efferent arteries group (ESs), with severe stenosis of postcommunicating parts of an anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, or posterior cerebral artery (pACA, pMCA, or pPCA); and the control group of efferent arteries (Ec), with normal postcommunicating parts and normal or middle stenosis of afferent arteries.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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49,904 |
There have been incessant attempts to produce artificial skin, so-called electronic skin (e-skin), which could approximate the function of actual human skin1–8. A key attribute of the artificial skin functions would be tactile sensing consisting of the recognition of both a touching position and strain (or pressure) exerted at that position. Although other sensing functions such as thermal and chemical sensing should also be accorded parallel status, we focused only on position and strain sensing in the present investigation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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206,082 |
The FIS-PRC2 establishes H3K27me3 in the central cell on defined target genes. In the endosperm, the maternal alleles remain repressed, but germination-related genes (e.g. EDF4) become targeted and activated before or during germination by the action of REF6. CHHm seems to play a role in silencing of the paternal alleles, but this requires further validation. The maternally biased expression pattern of genes with single H3K27me3 in dormant seeds are turned into biallelic expression in non-dormant seeds. The FIS-PRC2 and/or H3K27me3 can recruit H3K9me2 and CHG methylation (CHGm) to dormancy-related genes. SUVH4/5/6 and CMT3 establish H3K9me2 and CHGm on genes with H3K27me3 (e.g. ABI3), respectively. The presence of triple repressive marks H3K27me3/H3K9me2/CHGm on CTCTGYTY REF6-binding sites prevents REF6 targeting, causing stable repression of the maternal alleles of dormancy-related genes. Paternally expressed genes (PEGs) are enriched among the genes with triple repressive marks. Based on the limited effect of the suvh456 mutant on the expression of genes with single H3K9me2, other SUVH proteins than SUVH4/5/6 possibly suppress genes through mediating single H3K9me2.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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304,863 |
Clinical trials: A single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 study (TRUTH study) over a span of 30 weeks evaluated the efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib in 30 adult patients with TDT (on regular transfusion regimen requiring ≥2 RBC units within 4-week intervals for 24 weeks before enrollment) and splenomegaly (≥450 cm3) . Ruxolitinib was administered orally starting with a dose of 10 mg twice daily (5/10 mg increments with the maximum dose being 25 mg) for 30 weeks. A reduction in mean spleen volume of 19.7% and 26.8% from baseline at week 12 and week 30, respectively, and about a 6% reduction in transfused RBC volume was observed. However, no significant improvement in pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels or reduction in the transfusion requirement was seen. An increase in hepcidin levels was seen, although associated significant changes in iron parameters, such as serum iron and ferritin, were not seen. Due to the reasons mentioned above, the study could not proceed to phase 3 .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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51,440 |
Furthermore, we find that the ϕ distribution in the RHD pattern can be controlled by changing Δd. Figure 6(a–c) show the time evolution of the pattern when \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\overline{\varphi }$$\end{document}φ¯ = 0.1, v tri = 0.5, and Δd = 60. We observe an inverted pattern compared to what is seen when Δd = 80 [See Fig. 5(a–c)]. The Δd dependence of the RHD patterns can be seen in in Fig. 6(d), where Δd/2L corresponds to the wavenumber found from the periodicity of the circular rings, measured from the core to the boundary, where L is the pitch length of the circular rings, approximately 20 in this simulation. A filled circle corresponds to a pattern where droplets of the majority (black) phase lie in the minority (white) phase; an open circle corresponds to the opposite, where droplets of the minority phase sit in the majority phase. We find that the pattern oscillates when varying Δd/2L. When n < Δd/2L < n + 0.5 where n is an integer, ϕ at the boundary of the neighbouring CC pattern is −1. Meanwhile, when n + 0.5 < Δd/2L < n + 1, ϕ at the boundary of the neighbouring CC pattern is 1. Since \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\overline{\varphi }$$\end{document}φ¯ is conserved, ϕ at the core in the final state should be opposite to ϕ at the boundary of the neighbouring CC pattern. Thus the ϕ distribution of the RHD pattern is determined by ϕ at the boundary of the neighbouring CC pattern. We suggest that Δd is a control parameter for the spatial distribution of ϕ in the RHD pattern when there are multiple triggers. We note that the majority phase forms droplets when Δd = 60, despite the equilibrium state being one where the minority phase forms droplets instead. Since the energy barrier for reaching the equilibrium state is quite high, the inverted state is stable, even though coarsening occurs. Thus, this simulation also demonstrates how an inverted ϕ distribution can be achieved for phase separation.Figure 6Time evolution of the concentric circle pattern with multiple propagated triggers when Δd = 60, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\overline{\varphi }$$\end{document}φ¯ = 0.1, and v tri = 0.5. (a) By t = 60, a concentric circle pattern has formed at each core. (b) At t = 5000, a hexagonal pattern is observed after coarsening of the concentric circles. (c) Finally, at t = 20000, the hexagonal pattern has collapsed due to thermal noise. The final pattern is the inverse of the pattern when Δd = 60. (d) Diagram of the final pattern for different Δd/2L. The symbols in (d) are the simulated points. A filled circle corresponds to a pattern where droplets of the majority (black) phase form in the minority (white) phase. An open circle corresponds to a pattern where droplets of the minority phase form in the majority phase.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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249,970 |
Since the first staging system was proposed by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS) in 2009, further revisions have been made to include Stage 0 (prodromal disease) to include those patients at risk of progressing to more advanced MRONJ and an ‘At Risk’ stage which includes all people who have been exposed to oral or IV antiresorptive or anti-angiogenic therapy . Table 2 summarises the clinical and radiographic characteristics of each stage. Figure 4a–e illustrates the clinical and/or radiographic presentation of MRONJ.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
51,166 |
Many of the physiological adaptations to Fe limitation described above were investigated using the model open ocean centric diatom, T. oceanica, strain CCMP 1003 (hereafter referred to as TO03), whose genome has not been sequenced. However, recently, the genome of a different strain of T. oceanica (CCMP 1005; here TO05) was sequenced . Given the importance of Cu nutrition for T. oceanica [15–17,21,33], we aimed to investigate the physiological and proteomic response to Cu limitation in both strains. Since TO03 has not been sequenced, we grew this strain under various Cu conditions, and used transcriptomics to create an expressed sequence tag (EST) library with assembled contigs. Our preliminary growth experiments showed very contrasting Cu demands between TO05 and TO03 and inspired further comparative investigations. The present study focuses on the physiological and proteomic response of the photosynthetic apparatus to Cu limitation in both strains. Here, we also discuss similarities and differences between the well-known photosynthetic response of diatoms to low Fe and their understudied response to low Cu.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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265,087 |
In future studies it might also be possible to follow and identify folding nuclei directly from unrestraint simulations . If propagation has started the conditions on how the nucleus has been formed are not relevant. It emphasizes also the role of chaperone proteins such as Hsp47 that bind at regular intervals of an already formed collagen helix and may further stabilize the structure to allow for correct propagation.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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304,513 |
Bycatches of harbor porpoises summed per grid cell (10 × 10 km) from 1987–2016. (coordinate system ETRS89LAEA, Pseudo Mercator WGS 84, EPSG 3857). Gray dots indicate harbor porpoise bycatch locations. Fishing boats indicate the annual fishing effort in respective ICES squares (annual average of the years 2010–2012; based on Dorrien et al., 2013).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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73,512 |
To verify the RccR binding on these predicted consensus sequences, we performed ReDCaT SPR assays using C-terminal His-tagged purified protein (RccR-His). We confirmed the interaction between RccR-His and the predicted RccR binding sites for every tested target, with weaker RccR binding seen for the pckA, pntAA and gap sequences compared to the other RccR targets (Fig 7A). We saw only very weak RccR binding to pckA*, which combined with its intragenic location suggests that this sequence may not represent a relevant RccR binding target. Next, in order to more closely analyse RccR binding to the two distinct consensus sequences, we performed further SPR experiments to study RccR-His binding affinity to aceE, aceA, and rccR. These analyses showed that RccR binds to the rccR binding site, and to a single copy of the 15 bp aceE sequence (aceE > rccR), with considerably higher affinity than to the aceA sequence (Fig 7B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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136,836 |
The pharmacokinetics of MTZ and MTZ-EG were assessed in male Sprague–Dawley rats (8–9 weeks of age; 220–250 g in weight, SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). After overnight fasting, 10 healthy rats were randomly divided into two groups before dosing (n = 5 in each group). The experiments were conducted in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Ethical Committee of the Hebei Agricultural University. Powder samples of MTZ and MTZ-EG suspended in 0.5% sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose were administered to rats using a gavage vehicle at a single dose corresponding to 50 mg/kg of MTZ. Blood samples (about 0.5 mL) were collected from the eyeball vein at 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h and 24 h after oral administration. Normal heparin was used as an anticoagulant. The blood was centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 10 min, and the plasma samples were stored at 20 °C until further analysis. To 100 μL of plasma, 300 μL of methanol was added and vortexed for 2 min and then centrifuged for 10 min at 12,000 rpm to precipitate proteins. The supernatant was filtrated by a membrane filter prior to HPLC analysis. Several key pharmacokinetic parameters, including the maximal plasma concentration (Cmax), time required to reach the Cmax (Tmax), area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–24) and half-life (t1/2), were evaluated from the plasma concentration–time profile for each subject using DAS 3.5 by a noncompartmental model.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
126,420 |
ML will continue to be the most powerful method in precision medicine and precision oncology with promising improvements in the accuracy of predicting risks and treatment outcomes. An expected future direction is the one toward treatment—from diagnosis to pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics. The distinction between pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics lies within the scope of genetic analyses under assessment. Pharmacogenetics is defined as the study of variability in drug response due to heredity, largely related to specific genes impacting drug metabolism, while pharmacogenomics is a considerably broader term that encompasses the entirety of the genome and its potential holistic impact on drug response .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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268,215 |
A focus group of 15 stakeholders participated in meetings. The demographics of the stakeholders are presented in Table 1 to illustrate the diversity of the participants and the roles that they would play in using the iMHere 2.0 system. The participants represented a variety of roles at CLASS and had different levels of interaction with clients. The focus group was mainly composed of participants who had a professional relationship with the client. Table 2 outlines the demographics of the clients who received services from the focus group participants. Some stakeholders were assigned to more than one client and, therefore, played more than one role.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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188,093 |
The bacteriocin was purified from the supernatant of 1 liter of overnight culture. Cells were removed by centrifugation at 10,000 × g for 30 min, and the bacteriocin in the supernatant was precipitated by the addition of ammonium sulfate (60% saturation, 4°C). After centrifugation for 40 min at 12,000 × g, the bacteriocin precipitate was dissolved in Milli-Q water (Merck Millipore) and adjusted to a pH of 4 by the addition of 1 M hydrochloric acid and subjected to cation-exchange chromatography using a HIPrep 16/10 SP-XL column (GE Healthcare Biosciences). The column was washed with 5 column volumes (CV) of 20 mM sodium phosphate buffer at a pH of 6.8 before the bacteriocin was eluted from the column with 5 CV of 1 M sodium chloride (unbuffered). The eluate containing the bacteriocin was applied on a Resource reverse-phase chromatography (RPC) column (1 ml) (GE Healthcare Biosciences) connected to an ÄKTA purifier system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). The column was equilibrated with 20 CV of 0.1% TFA before loading the sample and eluted with a linear gradient of 15% to 60% isopropyl alcohol (Merck) containing 0.1% (vol/vol) TFA at a rate of 1 ml/min. The concentration of ubericin K in the final RPC-purified fraction was estimated using the Qubit protein assay kit (Invitrogen). Activity from each step of the purification procedure was assessed using the indicator strain Str. uberis LMGT 3912, which was isolated from a case of clinical mastitis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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117,426 |
Immediately after collection of lumbar (L3-L6) DRG from cisplatin ± PFT-μ-treated and control mice and removal of connective tissue, ganglia were dissociated, and an enriched neuronal fraction was obtained as described (Ma J. et al., 2014). Cells were plated in polyornithine (conc. 0.01%, o/n)/laminin (2 μg/mL, 3–4 h)-coated XF24 plates (Seahorse Bioscience, Santa Clara, CA) at about 1,000 cells/well in Ham's F10 medium containing N2 supplement without insulin (Invitrogen). After overnight incubation, cells were washed with Seahorse Assay Media (pH 7.4), and placed in 500 μL of Assay Media (containing 5.5 mM glucose, 0.5 mM sodium pyruvate, and 1 mM glutamine) at 37°C for 1 h.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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212,595 |
Earlier studies have detected the effect of combined greenhouse gases and sulfate aerosols on the observed warming . Sun et al. expanded on the earlier studies, and were the first to consider, simultaneously, all known drivers for surface temperature change, including both external natural and anthropogenic forcings (ALL forcing) to the climate system, and the local and regional effects of urbanization. Figure 2 shows that the CMIP5 model forced with the ALL forcing reproduced the observed temperature increase in China, with a slight underestimation mostly related to urban heat island effects. Using the optimal fingerprinting method, the contributions from four drivers were quantified and separated: greenhouse gases (GHG), other anthropogenic factors (OANT) including anthropogenic aerosols and changes to land cover and land use, natural external forcings (NAT) including solar and volcanic forcings, and urbanization (URB). Figure 3 shows that the mean temperature increased by 1.44°C (90% confidence interval: 1.22–1.66°C) during 1961–2013. Two-thirds of the warming, 0.93°C (0.61–1.24°C), can be explained by the combined influence from the ALL forcing on the global climate system, which is similar to the observed warming in global land mean temperature during 1951–2010. GHG alone may have contributed 1.24°C (0.75–1.76°C) to the warming, 35% of which may have been offset by the cooling effects of OANT (OANT is dominated by aerosols). The contribution of the cooling effect is also similar to that of global land temperatures. The NAT forcings have contributed 0.21°C (0.10–0.31°C) to the warming, although the reliability of this estimate may be affected by underestimation of the volcanic forcings for the CMIP5 simulations . The remaining one-third of the observed warming, 0.49°C (0.12–0.86°C), was explained by urbanization effects. Two different analyses were used to estimate URB contribution and both produced similar results, indicating the robustness of the estimations. The best estimate shows a large contribution from urbanization, but there is a large uncertainty associated with this estimate, which is consistent with observation-based estimates . In another study, Zhao et al. showed that GHG-induced warming was three times that of the observed warming, offset by a large aerosol cooling of a magnitude about 1.5 times that of the observed warming. The qualitative conclusion that GHG forcing is the main contributor to the observed warming, offset by the aerosol cooling effect, is consistent with results from other studies. But the quantitative results are unlikely to be realistic and are possibly an artifact of regression degeneracy because of dependency between GHG and aerosol signals that violates the independence assumption of the regression method used in the study. Anthropogenic influences on temperature also can be detected at seasonal and/or sub-country scales. For example, they contributed more than 90% of the summer warming in eastern China during 1955–2013 and are the dominant factor for the increases in annual mean temperatures in western China .
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
328,893 |
As for age differences, studies presented quite different findings probably due to methodological variability. A cross-sectional study carried out in Spain with adolescents and young adults aged 16-20 years, showed very high rates of psychological ADA that was stable across the age groups. Conversely, rates of physical ADA decreased significantly across the age groups, while health consequences resulting from aggression became more severe with age (Muñoz-Rivas et al., 2007b). On the contrary, longitudinal studies examining growth trajectories of ADA observed different patterns. O’Leary and Slep (2003) observed a stable pattern for physical ADA from the 10th grade to the 12th grade, while Wolfe and colleagues (2003) found that the mean trajectories for physical and psychological ADA were characterized by a steady decrease from ages 14–16 to ages 16–18. A study by Foshee and colleagues (2009) showed that the development of physical and sexual ADA perpetration decreased from ages 13 to 19, with peak ages ranging from 16 to 17 years of age. As for psychological ADA perpetration, authors observed an increasing pattern from ages 13 to 19.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
188,933 |
This study highlights the need to further develop methods to bridge the gap between experienced and inexperienced users. Education and introduction of an ultrasound curriculum for medical students and junior doctors can improve understanding of clinical anatomy, develop basic ultrasound skills and later their diagnostic ability.20 21 Formulation of a designated HUD training pathway would allow for standardisation of HUD competencies and provide structure to those wishing to advance their experience using HUDs. These suggestions are limited by the financial burden this would incur as well as a shortfall of clinicians adequately trained using HUDs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
361,290 |
The results showed that the water absorption capacity of WSB1 was higher than that of WSB0 by approximately 40%. The high standard deviation values may be attributable to the non-homogeneous distribution of modifiers in the structure of filtering nonwovens.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
177,450 |
VES graph at location VES2 depicts type K curve and has four layers. The 3rd layer has a resistivity value of 788.7 Ωm. The thickness and depth is 23.7 m and 41.7 m respectively. This layer contains coarse sands whose pore spaces are interconnected. The resistivity value of layer 4 is 265.9 Ωm which is lower than layer 3. This shows that the water maybe saline (NaCl rich) and highly conductive than that of layer 3. The depth to the water table is 41.7 m.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
357,896 |
GH-F, PO-L ES-D, FS-I, and AM-C carried out experimental work. GH-F, AA-L, LJ-S, and PO-L performed the molecular study. AB-C, PO-L, and GH-F performed the statistical analysis, conceived and drafted the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
36,346 |
Imitation is generally believed to be a cognitively demanding form of social learning, which can be broken down into several categories that differ in the complexity of their cognitive underpinnings [9,11,13,15, 17–22]. Broadly defined, an individual (i.e., the subject or observer) can be said to imitate when it matches the demonstrated behavior of another individual (i.e., the demonstrator). However, the demonstrated behavior that is copied by the observer can be familiar versus novel, and transitive (object-oriented) versus intransitive (body-oriented). These distinctions may well reflect the engagement of different cognitive processes [17–24]. For example, performing an action that is already present in the subject’s repertoire in response to seeing it done by a demonstrator is thought to be cognitively less demanding than if the demonstrated action is entirely novel. Thus, some researchers have argued that the former, called contextual learning can be accounted for by relatively simple cognitive processes such as response facilitation or emulation, and that the latter, called production learning , is the only form of true imitation that is founded on higher-level cognitive skills . Similarly, the copying of so-called transparent or transitive actions is hypothesized to engage cognitive skills that can (at least partly) be different from those required to match opaque or intransitive actions . Perhaps this may explain the mixed results obtained in experiments on contextual imitation in dogs that appeared to be influenced by whether the demonstrated actions were transitive or intransitive .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
213,733 |
Quantitative proteomic analysis of M4 GAS WT and prsA deletion mutant. SDS-PAGE and silver stain analysis of M4 GAS proteins collected from cell-free culture media (a), extracellular vesicles (b) and crude membrane extracts (c). Differentially expressed proteins identified by the TMT proteome analysis were presented as a volcano plot depicting mean quantitation intensity ratios of the ΔprsA mutant versus WT plotted against logarithmic t test P values from 2 to3 biological experiments of each strain. Proteins with π > 2.5 were highlighted in red and blue to indicate upregulation and downregulation, respectively. Proteins with significantly altered abundance between WT and ΔprsA mutants were shown in (d) and (e) for exoproteome and EV proteome, respectively. Overview of significantly differential expressed exoproteins (f) and EV proteins (g) identified in ΔprsA1, ΔprsA2 and ΔprsA1/A2 mutants. Numbers of proteins exclusively detected in each sample or shared between them were indicated in the Venn diagrams
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
380,897 |
ε-Trifluoro acetyl-l-lysine N-carboxy anhydride [Lys(TFA)-NCA] was purchased from Chuo Kaseihin Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). α-Methoxy-ω-propylamine-poly(ethylene glycol) (MeO-PEG-NH2, MW: 10,000) was purchased from NOF corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Nacalai Tesque Inc. (Tokyo, Japan) and distilled with CaH2 (FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals corporation, Tokyo, Japan) under reduced pressure before use. Three-Carboxyl-4-fluoro-phenylboronic acid (FPBA) was purchased from Combi-Blocks (San Diego, CA, USA). Pitavastatin calcium was purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals corporation (Tokyo, Japan). PBS, 5M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 5M sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH(aq)), sodium chloride (NaCl), and 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT-MM) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3), and d-sorbitol were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). One-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), lithium bromide (LiBr), and trypsin/EDTA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Diethyl ether and methanol were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Four-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was purchased from Dojindo (Kumamoto, Japan). Alexa647-NHS was purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Smooth Muscle Cell Growth Medium 2 was purchased from Promo Cell (Heidelberg, Germany).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
49,064 |
Early in 1990, Yew et al. investigated the dose-dependent effectiveness of FQs in treating MDR-TB and the results of these observational comparative studies showed that patients administered with ofloxacin (800 mg) once daily had more rapid sputum culture conversion efficiency than those administered with 300 mg once daily of the same drug . The earlier proposition was challenged when Chigutsa et al. suggested that the recommended ofloxacin dose (800 mg) is inadequate for the treatment of majority of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis . The probability of target attainment population in the study was 0.45. However, doubling the dose to 1600 mg increased it to 0.77 . Similarly, the results of target attainment analysis done by Alsultan et al. suggested that the efficacy of levofloxacin can be improved by using higher doses (17–20 mg/kg of body weight) of the drug .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
251,994 |
In the chronology of Biochemistry, as a new science that emerged in the mid-nineteenth century after its separation from Organic Chemistry and Physiology, its beginnings were characterized by an intense search and subsequent isolation and characterization of different organic compounds that were part of the chemical composition of living organisms. Scientists, such as Schwann, Pasteur, Berthelot, Bernard, Liebig, Wöhler and Büchner, played a fundamental role in these origins. For example, Schwann discovered in 1836 that gastric fluid contained, in addition to hydrochloric acid, another digestive component that he called pepsin, or Wöhler, who obtained in 1828 an organic molecule, urea, using the method of chemical synthesis that bears his name. All these initial studies formed what, for a long time, was known as Elemental and Structural Biochemistry. The compilation of all these organic elements for more than a hundred years served as the chemical basis for the classification of most of the natural compounds present in the biosphere .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
96,778 |
To further elucidate the role of TIPE2 in NSCLC, we firstly examined the effects of TIPE2 on the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines, H1975 and A549, by CCK8 assays in vitro. PRK5-TIPE2 recombinant plasmid was constructed and transfected into H1975 cells and A549 cells. An empty plasmid (mock) was used as control. We found that TIPE2 overexpression in H1975 cells and A549 cells (Supplementary Figure S1A and S1B) had no effect on proliferation of the two cell lines within 5 days (Figure 3A and 3B). However, TIPE2 overexpression could suppress TNF-α induced cell proliferation in NSCLC cells (Figure 3C and 3D). Moreover, TIPE2 overexpression significantly attenuated the colony formation capability of both two cell lines (Figure 3E and 3F).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
51,843 |
As discussed in the Introduction, the literature contains different lactate cut-off values suggested to predict fetal acidosis , . We compared two of the published cut-off values (5.1 and 6.6 mmol/L)For the two POC devices tested for the two POCT devices. The sensitivity and specificity of the lactate cut-off values to predict a metabolic acidosis, represented by a pH of 7.20 (mild) and 7.05 (severe) were calculated. For the StatStrip, a lactate cut-off concentration of >6.6 mmol/L to predict severe acidosis (pH<7.05) showed a sensitivity of 60%, a specificity of 97%, a positive predictive value of 92% and a negative predictive value of 80%. At a lactate cut-off concentration of >5.1 mmol/L a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 79%, a positive predictive value of 70% and a negative predictive value of 87% was achieved. For the iSTAT-CG4+, the specificity was lower (88% for lactate>6.6 mmol/L and 71% for lactate>5.1 mmol/L). All test characteristics, including lactate cut-off values for mild acidosis for both POCT devices are presented in Table 2.Table 2Performance of the StatStrip-Lactate and iSTAT-CG4+ tests to predict acidosis in umbilical cord blood at different Lactate cut-offs and pH levels.Table 2Lactate>6.6 mmol/LLactate>5.1 mmol/LpH<7.20pH<7.05pH<7.20pH<7.05StatStrip-Lactate Sensitivity (%)25604680 Specificity (%)83978379 PPVa (%)92929670 NPVb (%)12801687iSTAT-CG4+ Sensitivity (%)35705280 Specificity (%)83888371 PPVa (%)94789662 NPVb (%)14831886aPPV, positive predictive value.bNPV, negative predictive value.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
16,844 |
We also inquired about their perceptions about the peer marking experience. With the anonymization process, residents did not object to their colleagues seeing and marking their answers. Factors that facilitated acceptability were the use of a standardized marking key and that most residents felt that their identities were protected by the anonymization system (e.g. numbered identifiers). Only one senior resident thought he could identify a peer’s handwriting. One junior resident especially felt that senior residents provided better feedback, since they perceived that these near-peers could better explain how to improve. Furthermore, junior residents perceived senior residents as more reliable and having the ability to provide a more thorough review. Senior residents found that participating as a marker of these exams was informative, many of them remarking that this process helped them gain insight into better exam-taking skills (“examsmanship”). For instance, senior residents felt that having exposure to their peers’ exams during marking would widen their perspective in terms of how certain questions are answered. Overall, the residents agreed that there is educational value in marking exams because it creates an opportunity to discuss and elaborate on the answers with other peers and faculty members.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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247,785 |
The peptides were dissolved in TEAB and then labeled with the TMT 10-plexed label reagent set (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, each tube of TMT reagent (0.8 mg) was thawed and reconstituted in 41 μL of acetonitrile (ACN), and the peptides were dissolved in 30 μL of 0.1 M TEAB solution. Then, 100 μg of peptide (26.7 μL) and 41 μL of TMT reagent were rapidly mixed and allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 h to achieve complete labeling. Next, the labeled peptide mixtures were pooled, desalted, and dried via vacuum centrifugation. A total of nine pooled samples (three biological replicates of each group) were labeled with the TMT tags as follows: HC samples were labeled with TMT tags 126, 127N, and 127C; non-ISR samples were labeled with TMT tags 128N, 128C, and 129N; while ISR samples were labeled with TMT tags 129C, 130N, and 130C.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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366,143 |
It is well accepted that the hippocampus is a region of the adult brain where neurogenesis occurs. Perturbations in synapse formation by forms of oligomeric Aβ are tightly correlated with memory deficits in AD (Bandyopadhyay et al., 2010; Marchetti and Marie, 2011; Ardiles et al., 2012; Ma and Klann, 2012; Sanchez et al., 2012; Xu et al., 2014). Growing evidence indicates that Aβ-induced synaptic loss in the hippocampus occurs at the early stage of AD (Teich et al., 2015; Wang X. et al., 2018). We demonstrated that exposure of Aβ1–42 oligomers potently decreased filopodium density in hippocampal neurons, while CaSR inhibitor NPS 2143 significantly prevented Aβ1–42 oligomer-induced filopodium loss. These results suggest that CaSR is involved in the negative role of Aβ1–42 during initial synapse formation. Dendritic spines, small membranous protrusions from neuronal dendrites, are developed from filopodia. Consistent with the role of CaSR in the Aβ1–42-induced decrease in filopodium density, CaSR was also involved in the impairment of spine and synapse formation mediated by Aβ1–42 oligomers. Both pharmacological inhibition of CaSR and knockdown of CaSR prevented Aβ1–42-induced synapse developmental deficits. Moreover, we found that CaSR also mediated Aβ1–42-induced cognitive deficits. Using behavioral tasks, including MWM and NOR tests, we also showed that Aβ1–42 oligomers cause recognitive and spatial memory impairment. Inhibition of CaSR with NPS 2143 prevented Aβ1–42-induced cognitive deficits in a dose-depended manner. Thus, CaSR mediates AD-like synaptic and cognitive impairment induced by Aβ1–42 oligomers.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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57,282 |
Presently, it is unclear whether the current observations are a consequence of the RSFC network constraining task activity, task activity sculpting the organization of RSFC networks, or a bidirectional relationship between the two. A number of studies have documented experience-dependent changes in specific RSFC patterns (Lewis et al., 2009; Albert et al., 2009; Harmelech et al., 2013). These observations, in combination with studies documenting age-related differences in RSFC have led to Hebbian-based hypotheses for the emergence of RSFC (Dosenbach et al., 2010; Wig et al., 2011). While we have largely framed our observations as a reflection of networks constraining task demands, it is equally possible that (age-dependent) differences in the specificity of areal recruitment may lead to differences in patterns of RSFC network patterns. One intriguing possibility is that a basic set of functional connections that are initially established from an individual's genetic and natal environment (Doria et al., 2010; Fransson et al., 2011) are recurrently sculpted into more (or less, as in senescence) specific topologies due to changes in neural activity associated with learning, environmental exposure, and basic neurophysiology (for review, see D'Esposito et al., 2003; Reuter-Lorenz and Park, 2014). In turn, the sculpted functional connections encourage functional responses that conform to these connections. Future studies using longitudinal data will enable us to explore how the brain's functional topology and activity influence one another over time.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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178,174 |
Screening of more mycoviruses might, in one hand, expand our understanding of viral diversity and evolution, and in other hand, provide more resource with valuable biological potential (Xie and Jiang, 2014). In this study, we reported the discovery of a novel mycovirus, ClPV1, from the plant pathogenic fungus C. liriopes. ClPV1 has features typical of partitivirus, with genome comprised of two dsRNA segments, the dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2, encapsidated with isometric particles with 35 nm in diameter. Besides, the 5′-UTRs of the two dsRNA segments showed conserved terminal stretch and similar stem-loop structure (Supplementary Figure 3), which might be associated with virus replication and RdRp recognition. The two dsRNA segments of ClPV1 were predicted to contain a single ORF encoding proteins shared significant aa identities to the RdRp and CP, respectively, of the partitiviruses. Phylogenetic analysis using the aa sequences of RdRp and CP indicated that ClPV1 was clustered with members of the putative genus Epsilonpartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae. Thus, according to genome organization, viral particle morphology, complete nucleotide sequences, and phylogenetic analysis, ClPV1 was a new member of the putative genus Epsilonpartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae in the family Partitiviridae. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report of mycovirus in C. liriopes fungus. In addition, virus elimination, virus particles transfection, and biological comparison indicated that ClPV1 could lead to hypovirulence of the C. liriopes fungus.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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201,858 |
The fully defined Cp′3U(BH4) compound was also characterized by 1H, 11B{1H}, 13C{1H}, and 29Si{1H} multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy. It was of particular interest to examine the 29Si{1H} spectrum for comparison with previous studies of silicon-containing paramagnetic uranium complexes (Windorff & Evans, 2014 ▸). The 1H NMR spectrum in C7D8 was in good agreement with the literature (Berthet & Ephritikhine, 1992 ▸). 11B{1H}, 13C{1H}, and 29Si{1H} spectra were also obtained in both C7D8 and C6D6, as well as different field strengths, 500 vs 600 MHz for 1H, to see if any significant solvent or field effects were present. Since the spectra were not dependent on solvent or field strength, only the spectra obtained in C6D6 in a 600 MHz field will be discussed here. See Section 6 for full details.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
67,702 |
To study the effect of TMZ on GBM cell growth and find the optimal experimental conditions, we treated TMZ-sensitive U87 cells with various concentrations (0–100 μg/ml) of TMZ and analyzed cell growth every 24 hours for 120 hours to construct a growth curve by using MTT assays. The results revealed that TMZ decreased the activity of cultured U87 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner (Fig. 1a). In addition, the cells treated with TMZ had a lower cell density than did the control cells (Fig. 1b). To further confirm the effect of TMZ on cell growth, U87 cells were stained with PI, and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Figure 2 shows that the cell cycle of control cells was G0/G1 dominant, similarly to profiles for other mammalian cells. However, the cell cycle began to arrest in the G2/M phase after 2 days of TMZ treatment at every dosage, without an elevation of the sub-G1 phase. These results confirmed that TMZ inhibited proliferation and caused G2/M arrest of U87 cells. In addition, a significant decrease in the cell number was caused by 25 μg/ml TMZ treatment for 72 and 96 hours (Fig. 1b). Because the U87 cells reached the mid-log phase growth at 96 hours (Fig. 1a), we chose the TMZ concentration of 25 μg/ml and culture time of 96 hours for the experimental condition in the following experiments.Figure 1Dose and time-dependent effects on cell proliferation by TMZ in U87 cells. (a) The cell viability in various concentrations (–•–, control (DMSO only); –○–, 12.5 μg/ml; –▼–, 25 μg/ml; –△–, 50 μg/ml; –■–, 100 μg/ml) of TMZ treated cells for different time frames: 0 day, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days and 5 days. The data were means ± SD of four independent experiments. n = 3 (b) Morphology and cell density of U87 glioblastoma cell lines treated with or without vary concentration TMZ (0 μg/ml, control; 12.5 μg/ml; 25 μg/ml; 50 μg/ml; 100 μg/ml) for 0–4 days. Scale bar = 10 μm. Figure 2Cell cycle progression after TMZ treatment of human U87 glioblastoma cell lines analysis by FACS. Bar charts illustrating the proportion of cells at different stages in the cell cycle derived from the decomposition of flow cytometry histograms. U87 cells have been treated with vary concentration (0 μg/ml, control; 12.5 μg/ml; 25 μg/ml; 50 μg/ml; 100 μg/ml) TMZ for different time frames: 0 day, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 4 days. The U87 cells treated with TMZ were arrest in G2/M stage in dose and time-dependent manner.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
146,426 |
Next, we found that patients ≥70 years experienced significantly worse overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) than younger patients. The survival rate in patients <70 years was more than twice as good as in elderly patients (five-year OS, 68.7% vs. 33.8%). The lower survival rate in elderly patients can be attributed to the generally reduced life expectancy and to the higher prevalence of comorbidities . In the present study, 98.1% of the elderly patients presented with a Charlson Cormorbidity Index of 4–7, which is associated with a 10-year survival rate from 0.01% (Index = 7) to 53.4% (Index = 4) . However, due to the retrospective design of the present study, the causes of death were not systematically recorded. This represents a relevant limitation of the study. Nevertheless, the poor survival outcomes in patients ≥70 years highlight the need for thorough discussion of multimodal treatment options in this patient group .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
7,606 |
The ADS-B message decoding program records the aircraft information received from the airspace. For each aircraft, the program updates the information and all of information is written in a file when a new ADS-B message is received and decoded. Table 3 is part of the ADS-B ground station to receive part of the aircraft information, receiving a location in the latitude 31°01′31.79″ N east longitude 121°26′29.75″ E near the range of about 300 km. The flow chart of the ADS-B message decoding software is shown in Figure 16.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
74,898 |
It has been proposed that the lower TEF in the evening found in previous studies may be as a result of slower gastric emptying or reduced nutrient uptake. We will therefore measure gastric emptying by stable isotope technique (13C Octanoic Acid) at the same time as assessing TEF and postprandial changes in glucose, insulin and gut hormones. While previous studies have indicated a greater morning TEF (Morris et al. 2015), the use of just 2 hours of measures is insufficient to determine the entire TEF response. Six‐hour measures of TEF and gastric emptying will be applied based on the methodology by Reed and Hill (1996), which is a more discriminating way to measure the entire TEF response.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
339,098 |
Before testing the SEM, we assessed the constructs’ loadings and Cronbach alphas to evaluate the reliability of the measurement model. After 2 items were dropped from the analysis, all loadings were above the common threshold value of 0.70 . In addition, Cronbach alphas all exceeded .70, also indicating good reliability . Furthermore, the constructs showed adequate convergent validity as the average variance extracted (AVE) was above 0.68 and composite reliability was above 0.70 for all factors.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
135,547 |
NMDA receptors consist of four subunits: two GluN1 and two GluN2 (glutamate-binding). Early studies regarded the NMDA receptor as a vital regulator for glutamate-mediated neurotoxicity in ischemic stroke. Hence, numerous NMDA receptor antagonists were tested to evaluate their neuroprotective activities. However, researchers found that the toxicities of NMDA receptor antagonists were high, limiting their further application. Recently, studies indicated that the high toxicity of NMDA receptor antagonists might be attributed to the dual function of NMDA receptors in ischemic stroke. It is found that the functions of NMDA receptors depend on their locations and the subunit types. Generally, the GluN2 subunit greatly affects the function of NMDA receptors. GluN2A is mainly expressed at the synapse and promotes cell survival by activating prosurvival pathways such as PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt (protein kinase B) and CREB (cyclic AMP response element-binding protein). On the contrary, GluN2B is highly expressed in extrasynaptic sites and activates prodeath pathways such as nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthases). During cerebral ischemia, GluN2B is the primary activated NMDA receptor, contributing to cerebral I/R injuries. Hence, selectively inhibiting GluN2B or its downstream prodeath pathways would be a neuroprotective strategy [36, 39]. For example, Tat-NR2B9c, a peptide that inhibited GluN2B-mediated prodeath pathways, was found to protect neurons in MCAO models . In addition, upregulation of GluN2A was reported to contribute to neuronal survival. As evidence, geniposide enhanced the expression of GluN2A and reduced brain damage in tMCAO/R rats .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
196,766 |
To investigate the specific variation at the phylotype level, we carried out a short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis to classify the phylotypes into 8 trends according to their changing patterns based on the metagenomic data. Of the 5 individuals in each group, each phylotype has a series of all 8 trends. As shown in Fig. 1E, most of the phylotypes had no preponderant trend, and trend 3, 7, and 8 were the top-three trends in all the groups. We ranked all the phylotypes by the number of shared individuals and draw a pie graph to show the distribution of phylotypes of all the rankings, which indicated that for phylotypes shared by all the five children (i.e., “common phylotypes”), the groups with interference had a similar and evenly distributed characteristic with the control group (Fig. 1F). As the number of shared individuals declined, the groups with interference exhibited more distinct differences with Group W in distributions, especially for those phylotypes found only in one individual. Comparing to Group W, more unrecovered trends and fewer recovered trends were found in phylotypes shared only by one or two children. After that, we compared the trends of each phylotype with the control group, and calculated the proportion of trends consistent with the control (Fig. 1G). As a result, we found that the proportion of consistent trends grew from 15%–20% to 40%–45% when the number of shared individuals was rising, suggesting that the common phylotypes were less disturbed and contributed less to the change of oral microbiota than other phylotypes. Since salivary microbiome comprised microbes from almost all sites around the oral cavity, among which biofilms constituted an important part (including but not limited to dental plaque and tongue). These biofilms consisted of relatively constant components of bacteria (Bowen et al., 2018), which greatly contributed to the composition of common phylotypes. As the fact that these common phylotypes accounted for 99.13%–99.51% of the oral microbiome, along with their imperturbable nature against beverage intake, the evenly distributed trends of common phylotypes ought to play a critical role in the resistance of oral microbiota against short-term beverage intake.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
297,620 |
The results obtained using an integrated bioinformatics framework allowed to identify DMG candidate genes and pathways in CRC, which could enhance our understanding of the consequences and also the underlying molecular events in cancer initiation and progression. In addition, some of which following validation could be used for clinical applications.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
255,992 |
Cells were transiently transfected with MYC-tagged ubiquitin (UB), and FLAG-tagged SLC7A11 with or without si-NEDD4L for 48 h, and were exposed to IR for 24 h. At 24 h after IR, cells were pretreated with MG132 (10 μM) for 4 h before harvest. The lysates were subjected to immunoprecipitation with FLAG antibodies overnight at 4°C. Ubiquitinated proteins were determined by immunoblotting with anti-MYC antibodies (Santa Cruz, United States).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
90,884 |
The prediction of binding domains for the transcription factors in the 2 mutation regions was noted. In case of c.723G>A, 2 transcription factors—MZF1 (myeloid zinc finger 1) and ZNF354C (zinc finger protein 354C)—were predicted to interact with the binding domain by TFSEARCH and JASPAR, respectively (Figure 3). In case of C.742C>T, no transcription factor was predicted to bind to the domain (data not shown). Based on the results of bioinformatics analysis, we cloned the region that contained the predicted MZF1 and ZNF354C binding sites and flanking sequences at the 5′ UTR of FGF12 into the pGL3‐Basic‐REPORT luciferase vector, resulting in a reporter gene pGL3‐Basic‐FGF12‐WT with the G allele and pGL3‐Basic‐FGF12‐5′UTR‐Mut with the A allele. Each reporter was cotransfected with MZF1 or ZNF354c, and negative NC‐control (pcDNA3.1(+) or p3x flag‐CMV‐10 plasmid) into cells and luciferase assays was carried out. The results showed that the luciferase activities were not regulated by MZF1 and ZNF354c (Figure S3A and S3B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
382,753 |
Where k is the added mass coefficient calculated from inviscid hydrodynamic theory and is approximated as 0.045 for a whale-shaped object (Gleiss et al., 2017; Lamb, 1932 p. 154–155). Combining Equation 11 with Equation 12 gives:(14)Wdrag,acc=∫tinitialtfinal12ρwSwetCDU(t)2U(t)dt\ +∫tinitialtfinalMaddeddUdtU(t)dtintegrating the second term results in:(15)12MaddedUf2-Ui2
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
108,278 |
EDL and SOL differ strongly in their fiber type pattern. EDL is composed of mainly glycolytic fibers, whereas SOL contains large amounts of fast (type IIa) and slow (type I) oxidative fibers and exhibits a slower twitch contraction . On average, isolated muscles of R6/2 mice showed a reduced weight compared to their age-matched WT counterparts (6.67 vs. 12.1 mg for EDL and 6.27 vs. 8.00 mg for SOL) and smaller estimated cross-sectional area (2.25 vs. 2.84 mm2 for EDL and 2.49 vs. 2.72 mm2 for SOL). To characterize the contractile properties, isometric force of the muscles was recorded in response to single or repetitive electrical shocks of 1 ms duration. Similar to Mielcarek and coworkers , it was found that contractile force in R6/2 EDL was reduced. Peak twitch and tetanic force of the EDL were significantly smaller both in absolute size and when normalized for cross-sectional area (Twitch: 1.88 vs. 7.67 mN/mm2; Fig 1A); tetanus: 24.2 vs. 59.6 mN/mm2). Therefore, reduced force is not a mere consequence of smaller muscle size. In the SOL, which produced lower specific force than EDL the changes were considerably smaller and not significant (Twitch: 0.92 vs. 1.35 mN/mm2; tetanus: 39.4 vs. 41.4 mN/mm2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
357,348 |
We tested specifically for the effects of treatment, region, ecotype and region*ecotype on expression of LTR Copia and Gypsy clades using ANOVA (basic R package). We run the analysis at the clade level, for this we summed RPKM values of each consensus TE sequence of the same clade to estimate the expression of each clade for each individual (N = 96 individuals).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
357,152 |
Table 2 depicted the changes in body weight in chronic hypoxia exposed groups. CHH resulted in a substantial significant decrease (p < 0.05) in body weight on the 3rd day of exposure though food and water were provided plenty, and then recovered on the 7th day (but still significantly lower than the control body weight) when compared to body weight on day 0 i.e, the day before the start of the exposure. Table 3 showed the result of Gonado-somatic index (GSI) and Adreno-somatic index (ASI) among groups. No significant alterations were found in ASI, but the GSI of 3CHH group was significantly low, compared to control group (p < 0.05).Table 2Changes in body weight of experimental rats during chronic hypoxia exposure.ParameterDay 0Day 3Day 7Body weight (gm)209 ± 19.55169.6 ± 24.18*175.2 ± 23.26*Data is presented as Mean ± SD, n = 6, *p < 0.05, nsnot significant.Table 3Changes in GSI and ASI in control and hypoxia exposed rats.ParametersControlAcute3 CHH7 CHHGSI0.041 ± 0.0060.040 ± 0.007ns0.033 ± 0.006*0.041 ± 0.005nsASI0.26 ± 0.0200.24 ± 0.025ns0.26 ± 0.019ns0.26 ± 0.017nsData is presented as Mean ± SD, n = 6, *p < 0.05, nsnot significant.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
176,077 |
If Err was less than 0.5 but greater than 0, which means that the network performed well (i.e., a weak learner was at least more accurate than random guessing) in the training set, the sample weights could be updated as (4)wij={wijifDC≥δwij*e0.5*log1-ErrjErrjifDC<δ
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
224,274 |
The overall prevalence of E. coli AMR in this study was lower than in a report of the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS) where 58% of isolates from beef cattle in slaughterhouses were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested (18). The most common resistances observed in CIPARS were toward tetracycline (36%), followed by sulfonamides (18%) and streptomycin (18%). In this latter report, prevalences were twice as high as those reported in our study for lactating cows and could mostly be explained by difference in source population (dairy cattle vs. beef cattle). Dairy farms located in Pennsylvania, USA, also observed a higher level of resistance toward tetracycline (93%), sulfonamide (56%) and streptomycin (53%) for fecal E. coli (28). However, it is difficult to compare prevalences because these authors used a preliminary screening step with antimicrobial-based selective medium before testing their E. coli. Interestingly, E. coli isolated from clinical mastitis in Canadian dairy farms (29) harbored similar AMR patterns and prevalence to those of cow fecal isolates in our study. The only difference was for the β-lactam antimicrobials that demonstrated higher levels of resistance in this latter study compared to those observed in our study. The majority of antimicrobial treatments (7 out of 8) approved for intramammary gland usage in Canada contain β-lactams and this likely explains the difference between results. Interestingly, we previously reported (14) that predominant antibiotic use was associated with penicillins, aminoglycosides, and polymyxins. This is partly related to the most observed resistance phenotypes in this study for streptomycin (an aminoglycosides). However, the highest level of resistance we observed toward tetracycline and sulfonamides were not associated with a high utilization of these antimicrobials. This could be partly explained because the antibiotics used most often on Quebec farms are intramammary (14). In addition, some mobile genetic elements present in E. coli were shown to allow the maintenance of resistance without the selection pressure by the antibiotic. This has been reported for sulfonamides genes, such as sul1 gene which is normally found linked to other resistance genes in class 1 integrons, whereas sul2 is usually located on small non-conjugative plasmids (30) or large transmissible multiresistance plasmids (31). Further analyses are required to demonstrate a clear correlation between antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistances. As for AMR genes, similar results were obtained by Tyson et al. (32) who reported a high prevalence for strA/strB, sul2 and tet(A) for cattle in the USA.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
38,922 |
There are also several limitations of this study. The findings remain hypothesis-generating, as none of these clinical trials were originally designed to answer the research questions addressed in this paper. Patients were classified in these trials as having disease progression if they had local recurrence and / or more distant metastatic disease. Patient’s self-perception of the severity of the disease might differ between those who developed a local recurrence versus those with distant metastasis and hence might potentially impact on the results. However, our sensitivity analysis (Table 4 in Appendix 3) does not suggest major differences in the result of all types of relapse versus those with distant metastases only. For feasibility reasons, in these large-scale phase-III international studies where trials were conducted in different cultures with different local settings and resources, key indicators relevant to patients with breast cancer were selected as an alternative to a comprehensive QL assessment [24, 25]. Because the time of relapse could not be prospectively known, QL indicator data were only available from 22.9% of patients at the chosen time points 1, 2 or 3 months before relapse. Moreover, these data were generally from patients who relapsed early during or immediately after completion of adjuvant systemic treatments (when QL indicator assessments were scheduled) rather than those who relapsed later. We do not have detailed clinicopathologic information about the sites of relapse in these patients and have therefore not attempted to separately assess the prognostic relevance of QL indicators after relapse at various different sites. Our multivariable analyses only adjusted for baseline factors at diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. Thus, it is possible that QL indicator data might not be prognostic for survival after relapses confined, say, to soft tissues. We used QL indicators at various time points but did not examine for effects of change in the score. However, changes in QL indicator from baseline (at the commencement of adjuvant therapy) to before and during cancer relapse may be difficult to interpret because of the significant time gap for most of these patients, and the phenomenon of response shift [30–32].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
363,246 |
PPSP1 promoter function was further verified using a quantitative analysis of GUS expression in transgenic lines under hormone and simulated drought treatment. The exogenous application of cytokinin (6-BA), a type of plant regulator, can increase AtARR1 and AtARR10 gene expression (Kristine et al., 2013). In this study, however, the Arabidopsis lines carrying PPSP1 or truncated fragments exhibited little response to 6-BA (Figure 9F). There are two likely reasons: the variance between species or promoter specificity is not completely consistent with the function of downstream genes, which was also reported in grapevine (Yu et al., 2017).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
356,530 |
RNA-IP was performed as previously described with minor modification . Briefly, cells were lysed in a lysis buffer (20 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.4), 200 mM NaCl, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 0.5% Triton X-100, 0.5 U/mL RNase inhibitor (Promega, Madison, WI, USA), and a protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Basel, Switzerland)) at 4 °C for 30 min. Lysates were clarified at 12,000× g for 10 min at 4 °C and the post nuclear lysates were pre-cleared by incubation with protein-A/G agarose beads (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) at 4 °C for 2 h. Then, the pre-cleared lysates were incubated with antibodies (anti-Flag or anti-IgG) together with protein-A/G agarose beads (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) at 4 °C for 12 h The antibody-bound complexes were washed five times with the same lysis buffer. Finally, proteins or RNAs were extracted from the complexes and subjected to Western blot or Northern blot analysis, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
23,698 |
Standardized quality control procedures were carried out on diameter records at individual tree level following established protocols72, 73. Thus, where potential errors were identified we corrected through extrapolation based on the best available information, i.e., where available, we applied mean growth rate of the same tree for those intervals with accepted measurements, else we applied the growth rate of the same diameter size class from that plot (median growth rate for size class 20–39.9 or >40 cm; mean growth rate for size class 10–19.9 cm). Median growth rate was used for larger size classes because it provides a more robust estimate when sample sizes are small and is more conservative than mean growth rate with respect to the hypothesis of net biomass gain10, 11. While the standard POM for diameter was at 1.3 m from the base of the tree, for trees with buttress or deformity at 1.3 m, POM was above it. At censuses where buttress growth might reach existing POM before the next census, a new POM was located sufficiently high above the anticipated future top of buttress and diameter measured at both old and new POMs, providing a taper ratio between both POMs to compute complete diameter series standardized to the old and new POMs73. The mean of both diameter series corresponds to an invariant POM located between the old and new (final) POMs, so providing internal consistency over time while using available tree-level information and avoiding biases that result from not accounting for POM change34, 68, 73. In cases where a developing buttress already affected the existing POM making it unusable for measurement, a new POM was defined and measured following standard protocols and diameter at the old POM estimated by the quality control protocol. In total, diameter corrections were applied to 2.3% of tree measurements.
| 3 | 2other
| 0Study
|
344,028 |
Infliximab has shown mixed results for the treatment of SR-aGVHD [62, 63]. In a retrospective study (N = 68; 51 patients [75%] with grade III/IV), 41 patients (60%) showed response to infliximab therapy at day 7, and 31 patients (46%) showed response at day 28 . Twenty-four patients (35%) achieved the composite endpoint of 6 months’ freedom from treatment failure, and 34% of patients were alive at 24 months. However, infections occurred in 61 patients (90%) and infections led to death in 17 patients (33%). The main cause of treatment failure within 6 months was death (31 patients). In a small study, nine of ten patients responded to treatment; however, four patients died of sepsis . A recent study showed that infliximab therapy in SR-aGVHD was associated with a modest, poorly sustained response along with an increased risk of severe infection ; other studies showed similar results .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
255,931 |
This study was approved by the local ethics committee and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. Every patient gave written informed consent prior to study inclusion. 64 patients with nAMD were enrolled in this study. One eye each was selected for imaging.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
184,456 |
The majority of the pharmacogenetic annotations were related to CYP2CD6 and CYP2C19 (40%), followed by HLA-A and HLA-B genes for drug hypersensitivity reaction (4%) and POLG gene, which predicted the risk for valproate-induced hepatotoxicity (2%) (Table 2). Since CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 were the most frequently noted metabolizer phenotypes, the rates of these phenotypes of the study cohort (as derived from the Genesight® reports) were compared against trends of general population published in literature . Only trends for Caucasians were analyzed due to sample size. This comparative analysis was performed to evaluate whether CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 metabolizer frequency distribution of our study cohort was comparable to the general population, considering that the patients in our cohort were potentially more likely to have comorbidities and treatment failures since they were seen at a tertiary care center. When compared to data from published literature , Caucasians in this study cohort had similar CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 metabolizer frequency distribution as the general population. For CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotype, the majority of the study cohort were normal metabolizers (80.3%; compared to 80.9% in general population), followed by intermediate (9.7% vs. 7.8%), poor (7.7% vs. 6.6%), ultrarapid (2.4% vs. 3.5%), and normal (0% vs. 1.2%). For CYP2C19 metabolizer phenotype, the study cohort was mostly of normal metabolizer phenotype (40.1%; compared to 42.0% in general population), followed by rapid (27.0% vs. 27.0%), intermediate (26.7% vs. 19.0%), ultrarapid (4.8% vs. 4.2%), and poor (1.5% vs. 2.8%).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
122,214 |
Another interesting feeding strategy was suggested by Naderi et al. . In their work, they used MFA to reduce the metabolic network to a set of significant reactions and coupled them to a dynamic cell growth model to asses the differences between growing and apoptotic cells. They highlighted the differences on the metabolic rates for the different cell subpopulations (growing, resting and apoptotic cells) and suggested a feeding strategy based on the “aging” of the cell culture: when glutamine is in excess in late phases of the process (where the non-growing cells become predominant), there is a switch from glycolytic reactions towards deamination of glutamine (and concomitant ammonia accumulation), which could be prevented by gradually lowering the concentrations of glutamine in the feed as the culture ages.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
160,707 |
Recent advancement in genome editing technologies based on CRISPR-Cas9 has enabled targeted disruption of single genes in living human cells to study cellular functions and model diseases . Instead of studying gene function when taken out of the context of the genome, researchers can now directly ablate gene function in their endogenous context in virtually any type of human cell, enabling them to elucidate function and pathophysiology, as well as develop new therapies. However, gene knockout in human cells is hampered by their diploid nature; there is a low efficiency in simultaneously disrupting both alleles . Therefore, gene knockout using targeted nucleases, including CRISPR-Cas9, zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) or transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) requires complicated design strategies and labor-intensive screening . To overcome these shortcomings, Carette JE et al. demonstrated an effective strategy by using haploid rather than diploid human cells to systemically interrogate gene functions . We think that this strategy may provide a solution to generate genetic models to study human diseases such as LSDs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
73,862 |
So while recruiting “patients off the street” would help overcome the issues of trust (and involvement with patient groups) noted earlier, our interview and observation data points to concerns about level of preparation (above) and expertise. At some moments, patient experts were asked to comment upon technical data by the committee even though their role was not to make an assessment about the drug under appraisal:[Committee member] asks the patient expert how does a patient progress; “is this a reasonable characterisation?” he asks. [Patient expert] says that she can't comment. She states that regarding whether patients have reasonable quality of life, it depends on different patients. Patients are made aware so that they can make the decision for themselves…(Observation notes Case Study Y)
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
136,052 |
Eligibility criteria were: a) older than 18 years b) having their attending Family Physician notified as PCR positive by the Official Public Health notification system c) being followed up (either by phone interviews or at the office) by their attending physician/nurse d) verbal informed consent to participate in the COVID-AP study. Exclusion criteria were: a) Institutionalized patients that were followed up by other sanitary professionals b) Those with mental disabilities or disorders whom their attending physicians judged couldn’t follow up the study requirements.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
297,524 |
We investigated the potential functions of the five angiogenesis-related lncRNAs in HCC by constructing an lncRNA–mRNA coexpression network using Cytoscape. The lncRNA–mRNA coexpression network contained 27 pairs of lncRNA–mRNA (Pearson’s correlation coefficient |R| > 0.3 and P<0.05) (Figure 7A). Among these, 27 mRNAs were significantly correlated with the 5 lncRNAs in the prognostic signature. The Sankey diagram shows the relationship between the 27 mRNAs and 5 lncRNAs (risk/protective) (Figure 7B). The relationship between the lncRNA expression level and risk value and clinical factors are shown in Figure 7C. We conducted GSEA between the high-risk and low-risk groups to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of the angiogenesis-related lncRNA signature involved in HCC progression. KEGG analysis showed that apoptosis, the cell cycle and the regulation of autophagy in the high-risk group were the most significantly enriched pathways (Figure 7D). Additionally, the angiogenesis-related lncRNA signature regulated glucose metabolism, glycolysis, the P53 pathway and TGF-B signaling, showing that the signature was involved in important bioregulation (Figure 7E,F).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
200,824 |
Simultaneous with the fNIRS signals, continuous ABP signals were measured by a noninvasive blood pressure device (CNAPTM Monitor 500, CNSystems Medizintechnik AG, Austria) at a sampling frequency of 2000 Hz. The ABP signal was acquired by the software AcqKnowledge (BIOPAC Systems Inc., Goleta California, USA).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
156,054 |
Incorporation of new tools and techniques, such as analysis of mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear (nucDNA) sequence data , amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) , genome-wide genotypic and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers , allow testing phenotypically deviant individuals more precisely and clearly detect the hybrid origin of organisms. Modern data show that hybridization and introgression are more common and widespread events than it was assumed previously .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
148,081 |
All but one of the identified services required users to have available airtime or network connectivity. The all-female health provider service, Sehat Kahani (Pakistan) https://sehatkahani.com/, while available through an app, also offers video/phone consultation for patients facilitated by a health worker, from one of 26 physical clinics (none in the study site). Most donor and state-supported services were free at the point of use and accounted for 3 of 5 services in Tanzania but only 3 of 17 services in Nigeria and 2 of 17 services in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, some of the state-provided services charged user fees. In all of the countries, private-for-profit commercial services required users to pay per consultation or via annual membership fees (often with different packages). Some differentiated fees by the user's health insurance status. Consultation fees ranged widely within and between the countries: US$2–30 (Pakistan), US$9–130 (Tanzania), US$5–30 (Kenya), US$0.42–166.67 (Nigeria), US$0.02 per day–US$6 per month (Bangladesh). Some services included free follow-up consultations, usually over a specified timeframe. For all, costs were incurred beyond the consultation fee, including any treatment (e.g. drugs) or specialised services on referral. On the supply side, some services charged membership fees to health workers to belong to the service.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
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