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The first-grade and third-grade students were tested at the local university, whereas the eighth-grade students were tested at their school. The children were administered the writing test first, followed by the computer version of the DCCS (presented on a laptop). It took between 30 and 45 min to complete the tasks. All of the participants received small incentives for their participation in the study.
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| 0Study
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387,990 |
(A) Model rankings according to likelihood ratio test presented by the negative logarithmic likelihood penalized by parameter difference. Lower value indicates preferred model. (B) Model rankings according to Akaike information criteria (AIC). The preferred model is the one with the smaller AIC value. (C) Assessment of the optimization performance by a waterfall plot. The best parameters were reproducibly found, which validates the applied model calibration approach. (D) Huh7.5 cells were growth factor depleted and pre-incubated for 24 hours with siRNA directed against IRF2, IRF4, IRF8 or their combinations followed by 500 U/ml IFNα treatment. At indicated time points RNA was extracted and analyzed using qRT-PCR. Error bars represent SD (n = 3). Expression differences at the 24 hour time point were tested by two-sided t-tests using Bonferroni correction (m = 7). *, p<0.05; ***, p<0.001. (E) Expression profile of IRF4 mRNA after treatment with 500 U/ml IFNα was detected by qRT-PCR. (F) Expression profile of IRF8 mRNA after treatment with 500 U/ml IFNα was detected by qRT-PCR. (G) Huh7.5 cells were growth factor depleted and pre-incubated for 24 hours with siRNA directed against IRF2 followed by 500 U/ml IFNa treatment. At indicated time points RNA was extracted and analyzed using qRT-PCR. Error bars represent SD (n = 3). (H) Gene expression upon decreased IRF8 expression. Huh7.5 cells were incubated with 50 nM siRNA directed against IRF8 (red), against IRF8 and IRF2 (lilac) or non-targeting control (blue) for 24 hours, and then treated with 500 U/ml IFNα. The cells were lysed at the indicated time points and total RNA was extracted and analyzed by qRT-PCR. The error bars represent SD of biological triplicates.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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237,325 |
Visualization of ChIP-seq enrichment of histone modifications. Low-quality/failed versus high-quality ChIP-seq data are shown for H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 from soybean (Glycine max) leaves. The first and third tracks show low-quality and/or failed ChIP-seq data, whereas tracks 2 and 4 show high-quality data. Box 1 shows a region of H3K27me3 enrichment in track 4, whereas the same region shows almost no enrichment in track 3. As is typical for H3K27me3, enrichment is present throughout the gene body into the upstream region. Boxes 2 and 3 show enrichment for H3K4me3 at TSSs in track 2, whereas weak enrichment is detected in track 1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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173,673 |
The mathematical model was used to determine the dynamics-adjusted radiation therapy dose, DDARD, which is the minimum cumulative RT dose predicted for LRC. This was done using a framework that was adapted from the original implementation that was used to forecast patient outcomes with high specificity and sensitivity using a few weeks of on-treatment tumor volume measurements . The framework learns 3 inputs from a training cohort: (1) a function to estimate δ from average weekly tumor volume decrease, −ΔV/Δt¯, (2) a prior distribution for δ, and (3) a volume reduction cutoff correlated with the patient outcome of interest, in this case LRC (Figure 2).
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55,726 |
We also observed correlations between cognitive measures and inhibitory responses evoked by the DLPFC–SAI paradigm, but not from M1–SAI paradigm. The DLPFC is involved in cognition (Croxson et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2013), and cognitive processes involve cholinergic neurotransmission (Kopelman, 1986; Everitt and Robbins, 1997; Erskine et al., 2004). Therefore, the SAI paradigm in the DLPFC may be associated with cholinergic function in a brain region involved in cognition. Pharmacological studies must be conducted to confirm that DLPFC-SAI is indeed mediated by cholinergic function. More specifically, given the strong correlation between the TMT B/A ratio and N100 modulation, SAI in the DLPFC may be related to executive function.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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131,894 |
In the existing literature, it is found that job stress can influence employees from two aspects: professional motivation and professional burnout [14, 15]. Product research and development team members are relatively highly educated teams. It can be concluded from the literature that workplace pressure for knowledge workers tends to push them forward in the form of motivation for product research and development team. An equation can be constructed: creative pressure = motivation for product research and development team. As knowledge-based and high-quality employees, development team members need to ensure their stability. In terms of performance evaluation and incentives, they also need to provide a special assessment mechanism according to local conditions. Development team members can generate incentive effects under pressure, so a method needs to be developed to meet the requirements of fairness, timeliness and pressure mechanisms at the same time. To solve these problems, this study constructed a set of mature project management systems to ensure the fairness of assessment and incentives of timeliness. This management system provides team members with standard work tasks and work requirements and uses a PLM system to standardize the assessment and provide overall transparency so that team members can better understand their own progress and situation and reflect on the project situation and team progress in a timely manner. Through PLM system, in the current digital and intelligent environment, improve the efficiency of project management, performance management and performance incentive, help the project manager to manage the team more quickly and efficiently, evaluate and motivate the team. In addition, this paper uses project management to transform the current digital real-time management into employee performance evaluation tool to fill the blank of social comparison theory application in project management process.
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297,419 |
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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189,510 |
Human reidentification is the task of identifying images of the same person from non-overlapping camera views at different times and locations. A re-identification problem has three major components: identifying which human parts should be compared, constructing invariant features to represent those parts, and computing an appropriate similarity metric between them. (Saghafi et al., 2014). SG as a soft biometric feature allows continuous tracking and behavior analysis of a person over a large camera network for forensics, surveillance, and security applications. Traditional ReID methods usually focused on building robust feature representations of the gait and estimated the similarity between a probe and gallery image by calculating their Euclidian distances. This method faces challenges in cross-view and cross-walking conditions, such as when the gait pair is in different camera viewpoints and carrying and dressing conditions (Wu et al., 2017). Wu et al. (2015c) proposed that current classifiers be enhanced with a combination of Pose Prior (PP) algorithm and subject-discriminative feature selection algorithm to construct a view-invariant ReID system. One solution is to view the ReID task as a link probability prediction problem where each person represents an instance node in a graph structure. The ReID algorithm computes the likelihood of the link between the two (Liu H. et al., 2021). Another solution, suggested by Chtourou et al. (2021), includes an offline and an online phase. During the offline phase, an optimized GEI feature representation is constructed combining a dynamic selection of most relevant parts and a transformation of the probe or the gallery image, so the two of them have the same view before a matching score is calculated. This offline phase serves to train the Part View Transformation Model (PVTM), which will be used online to transform the gallery image to the same view as the probe image before classification.
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345,736 |
A number of specific inhibitors of PI3K, Akt and mTOR are currently under development and in various stages of preclinical investigation and in early phase clinical trials for NSCLC (Table 1). There are several pan‐class I PI3K inhibitors, including pictilisib (GDC‐0941), PX‐866, buparlisib (BKM120), pilaralisib (XL‐147) and GNE‐317. Pictilisib has been evaluated in phase I trials either alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy. In a phase IA dose‐escalation trial of patients with advanced solid tumors, the single‐agent maximum tolerated dose was 330 mg, with maculopapular rash as the dose limiting toxicity.83 Pictilisib has been further investigated in a phase IB dose‐escalation trial in combination with standard first‐line chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC.61 Patients received pictilisib with either carboplatin and paclitaxel or cisplatin and pemetrexed, with the addition of bevacizumab depending on histology. Of 66 patients, 29 (43.9%) had partial response and 20 (30.9%) had stable disease. This led to the phase II FIGARO study of pictilisib in combination with first‐line chemotherapy; however, preliminary data did not reveal any significant progression‐free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) benefit.84 Similar findings have been reported in a phase IA/IB trial in a Japanese cohort of patients.85 PX‐866 has been evaluated in combination with docetaxel chemotherapy in a randomized phase II trial of advanced, refractory NSCLC patients.62 There was no improvement in PFS, response rate or OS with the addition of PX‐866. These patients, however, were molecularly unselected. In the phase I trial of PX‐866 in combination with docetaxel, there was one NSCLC patient with a PIK3CA mutation who had a prolonged response to continuation PX‐866 after cessation of docetaxel.86 Buparlisib has also been investigated as monotherapy in the BASALT‐1 phase II trial of previously treated patients with NSCLC.63 Patients were selected based on identification of PI3K pathway activation. The primary objective for efficacy based on 12‐week PFS, was not met. Further studies of buparlisib in combination with chemotherapy were similarly negative,64 whilst it has also been studied in combination with gefitinib.65 Pilaralisib has also been assessed as monotherapy in phase I trials, with one partial response in a patient with NSCLC.66 Another phase I trial in combination with erlotinib established its safety profile although similarly exhibited only one partial response.61
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277,886 |
This section is divided into the three highlights of this work. First, we present an exploratory data analyses on representative DMAs and examine the changes in consumption patterns due to the COVID pandemic. We then present our model for predicting water consumption of DMAs using machine learning. Lastly, we look at the robustness of our model in predicting water consumption when population movement is reduced with the inclusion of pandemic restrictions as features.
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112,880 |
MSCs are stem cells with the capability to differentiate into other cells. They display several significant anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic features (14). These cells are proven to be potentially effective in MS treatment due to their immunomodulatory properties (regulation and maintenance of Treg lymphocyte function) (72) and paracrine effects (via bioactive growth factor secretion and IL-6 and TGF-β production) (73).
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168,840 |
The aim of the present study was to fill this gap in surgical anatomy knowledge and to investigate how elbow flexion and forearm movements change the relative position of the median nerve distally to the elbow joint line, with special attention to the anatomical relations between the median nerve and the ulnar insertion of the brachialis muscle, to present a reproducible landmark.
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298,672 |
We manually confirmed the quality of our genome assemblies in the region of the large deletion. Short read alignments appear consistent with the 35bp deletion as reported in our sequences and are confirmed by several others in the GISAID database that are tagged as having received manual curation efforts.
| 3 | 0biomedical
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162,702 |
Overall, 1.6% of all hospitalized patients with paralysis developed an event of VTE. As known from other studies, the prevalence of DVT (symptomatic and asymptomatic) differs in surgical and non-surgical medicine without VTE prophylaxis—between 10% and 20% in internal medicine diseases, distinctly higher in stroke (20–50%) and polytrauma (40–80%), and highest in patients with spinal cord injury (60–80%) . Other studies reported that without VTE prophylaxis, approximately 50–75% of stroke patients with hemiplegia or paralysis develop DVT . Thus, VTE is a common complication in spinal cord injury and stroke with resulting paresis . Among traumatic injuries, traumatic spine injuries of the spinal cord and/or the cauda equina are connected with the highest VTE risk . Remarkably, the primary reasons for this high risk are related to the failure of the muscle pump driven by the paresis in combination with a presumed transient hypercoagulative phase, and, particularly, endothelial damage . Moreover, decoupling from supraspinal control seems to be another important contributing prothrombotic factor .
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78,017 |
To test the impact of taking an alternative approach to costing the silk garments, sensitivity analysis included an estimate of the amount pharmacists are reimbursed for each item of clothing they prescribe. This analysis was based on the NHS Business Services Authority formula to estimate the actual cost to the NHS. The analysis was rerun using the March 2015 tariff data , where the average discount was 7.43% and the pharmacist’s professional fee £0.90 per prescription item.
| 2 | 0biomedical
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275,386 |
Two months after the treatment finished, we performed another nail culture and obtained 40% (n = 2) negative results and 60% (n = 3) with positive results. The negative results corresponded to the two cases of DSO caused by dermatophyte and yeast infection. During this check-up we evaluated the evolution of the clinical appearance (Figure 3) of the nail using the OSI and obtained mean scores of 18 ± 8.86 points (Figure 2), corresponding in three cases to severe onychomycosis, one to moderate and the other to mild. In none of the cases, the clinical symptoms disappeared but it was observed a clinical improvement, the three severe cases showed no change in the severity level of the OSI method, but the OSI score did vary after treatment.
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52,802 |
Many large retrospective studies have reported the incidence of RCC with cutaneous metastasis and the different sites of cutaneous involvement and if there were other organs involved [18–22]. No details of outcomes were highlighted in them. Several single case studies highlighted the outcomes which were mostly poor but these patients had either multiple skin lesions or metastasis in other organs or were cases with recurrent RCC. These studies revealed a poor prognosis in patients with skin metastases at the time of diagnosis as it signified advanced disease [23–29]. Another study observed a patient with a clinical stage IV RCC who initially presented with a solitary lip cutaneous metastasis but passed on 4 months after receiving his first cycle of interferon treatment and postpalliative lip tumour resection .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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382,117 |
Furthermore, prostate carcinoma is extremely heterogeneous, ranging from an indolent chronic illness to an aggressive, rapidly fatal systemic malignancy. The classic prognostic factors, tumor stage, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and Gleason score (GS) have been combined to classify patients into distinct risk groups to determine the most appropriate treatment .
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20,716 |
A 62-year-old man with nodular hyperplasia in the left thyroid lobe (largest diameter, 3.5 cm). In non-enhanced (a) and contrast-enhanced (b) axial CT images, nodular hyperplasia (arrows) in the left thyroid lobe shows inhomogeneous iso-attenuation, ovoid shape, homogeneous iso-enhancement, and absence of the CT halo sign
| 2 | 0biomedical
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79,282 |
In this study, we investigate TNFα-induced transcriptional responses in PML−/− cells. Our data reveals a critical role for PML in promoting TNFα responses, in particular the transcription of NF-κB target genes. Our analyses demonstrate reduced TNFα-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and DNA binding in the absence of PML. PML−/− cells also showed significantly reduced phosphorylation of p65 at a number of sites following TNFα treatment, establishing PML as a broad regulator of NF-κB phosphorylation. Moreover, our data shows that the oncofusion PML-RARα inhibits TNFα -induced expression of NF-κB target genes and also blocks p65 phosphorylation. A bioinformatic analysis of APL transcriptomic datasets provides additional evidence for the suppression of NF-κB target genes by PML-RARα.
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312,834 |
Models where the system state at time t are only dependent on the state at time t − 1 are termed Markovian. We are particularly interested in ABMs that can be written in a Markovian nature because DA algorithms require knowledge to the full model state in the form of the state vector Xt. While some ABMs in the literature track agent histories and use this information to decide future states, these can be recast as Markovian ABMs by expanding the state vector to include these histories. Implementing a bus route system as a Markovian model requires variables such as vehicle locations, speeds, occupancies etc. It is reasonable to assume that the system state at the next time step only depends on the value of these variables at the current time step. For simplicity, we assume that the state vector used here has a fixed size. The unused variables (i.e. those for buses that have yet to enter the system) can be set to zero, enabling the state vector to be treated as sparse and passed efficiently between iterations. If the state vector has a fixed size, then all possible states of the system belongs to a state-space X∈Rn. The system state evolves in some fixed interval {0, … , K}. We denote the state of the bus route at time t by Xt∈X.
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33,673 |
After all interventions, the percentage of correct answers for ARI knowledge questions increased in the intervention arm for all eight questions (Table 2). A greater improvement was observed in the intervention arm (with four of seven questions showing significant improvements), as compared with the control arm (with only one of seven questions showing significant improvement). Knowledge concerning aetiology of ARI improved significantly in the intervention arm but there was no significant change in the control arm. In contrast, no significant improvement was seen in distinguishing between pneumonia and a common cold. Knowledge increased significantly in the intervention arm for three questions (Q1,4,5) regarding antibiotic-requiring symptoms, compared with a significant improvement in only one of these questions (Q5) in the control arm. Correct answers regarding antibiotics for children with cough and fever but not fast breathing (Q6) improved in the intervention arm but showed a decrease in the control arm.Table 2.Percentages of participants with correct answers and improvements for HCPs’ knowledge and practical competences regarding appropriate antibiotic use for ARI treatment.Questions regarding HCP knowledge and practical competencePercentage of participants with correct answersARI intervention groupControl groupBeforeAfterDifferencep-value†BeforeAfterDifferencep-value†Q1. Aetiology of ARI2149280.0003121–100.192Q2. Distinguishing between pneumonia and a common cold535960.453596890.255Q3. Symptoms don’t require antibiotics: cough and runny nose7585100.172707440.505Q4. Symptoms require antibiotics: cough, fever and fast breathing7589140.015838740.509Q5. Symptoms don’t require antibiotics: cough, no fever or chest contraction7589140.0434776290.000Q6. Symptoms don’t require antibiotics: cough and fever5570150.0685845–130.123Q7. Case scenario: probable diagnosis?808880.2667083130.070Q8 Case scenario: treatment for a child with cough and fever, not fast breathing?3757200.0233243110.059Note: †p-value in the McNemar test comparing the percentages of correct answers of HCPs before and after the interventions in each group, adjusted with respect to intra-cluster correlation (ICC).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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183,251 |
Abbreviations: IRA, infarct related artery; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MI, myocardial infarction; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CKD, chronic kidney disease; Hb, hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; ACE inhibitor, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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216,121 |
This study was granted exemption from the Institutional Review Board of the San Paolo Hospital, Milano, Italy, due to its retrospective nature and is based on a set of CFD simulations of breathing, where only expiration is considered. The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique on CT scan reconstruction of nasal anatomy is used. LES is a high-cost and high-fidelity CFD approach, which allows fine control over the modelling error in dealing with complex and possibly turbulent flows.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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207,715 |
Gold: Doctor Tyree once insisted McManus take the sick man into the police office there , // but McManus refused , // saying\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{B-NARRATIVE}$$\end{document}B-NARRATIVE // more\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{B-NARRATIVE}$$\end{document}B-NARRATIVE persons would be exposed . System: Doctor Tyree once insisted McManus take the sick man into the police office there , // but McManus refused , // saying\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{B-NARRATIVE}$$\end{document}B-NARRATIVE more\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{I-NARRATIVE}$$\end{document}I-NARRATIVE persons would be exposed .
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| 1Other
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348,294 |
The results from our meta-analysis indicated that applying XNJi combined with conventional therapy could enhance the total response rate in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage. In terms of short-term improvement on neurological impairment, daily activities of patients, coma status, inflammatory level, hematoma volume and cerebral edema volume, treatment group was also superior to control group. It could be speculated from the systemic analysis that XNJi might get superior efficacy to conventional therapy in reducing patient inflammatory level, hematoma volume, and cerebral edema volume, as well as in promoting patient consciousness and mobility recovery.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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102,320 |
The insertion of a metal in the other metal structure can form a substitutional or interstitial solid solution . The face-centered cubic structure of Pt has two interstitial sites: one octahedral and the other tetrahedral. The relation between the radius of the octahedral (rO) and tetrahedral (rT) sites with atomic radius of the crystal lattice (R) is given by rO = 0.41R and rT = 0.22R, respectively. Considering the cubic structure of Pt and a metallic platinum radius of 139 pm, the radii of the octahedral and tetrahedral sites are 57 pm and 31 pm, which are smaller than metallic gallium radius (122 pm) . Therefore, the formation of an interstitial solid solution does not occur. Although electroaffinity difference between theses metals (2.13 eV for Pt and 0.43 eV for Ga) and the difference between the structures (FCC for Pt and orthorhombic for Ga) can lead to formation of a new phase, the difference of 8% between the atomic radii (Pt, 139 pm, and Ga, 122 pm) and the same valence state of these metals does not rule out the formation of substitutional solid solution.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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383,810 |
VPS13 has a set of three widely conserved accessory domains near its C-terminus (VAB, ATG_C and PH), ATG_C also being found in ATG2. After delineating the RBG domains, it became possible to identify all other accessory, folded, non-RBG domains using HHpred with confirmatory modelling by ColabFold (Figure 4A). Being able to benchmark HHpred against AlphaFold predictions simplifies recognition of variant RBG domains, even if they contain multiple and extended inserts of small helices and disordered loops, or part of their secondary sheet structure is mistakenly identified as helix by PSIPRED, the tool used by HHpred (Buchan et al., 2013). Below, additional alpha helical domains are discussed first, and then a range of mainly-beta domain inserts that are far more numerous among VPS13 homologs than previously thought.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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62,601 |
One-shot learning is a concept cognition and learning method that models after a human’s innate learning ability. For example, humans can learn and generalize a new concept from one or very few samples . Unlike tradition methods, one-shot learning gesture recognition is a small sample size learning problem, which means that every gesture has only one or very few training samples . When learning a new gesture, the user needs to perform the gesture only once or a few times without the need to collect a large number of training samples. Meanwhile, simple classification methods, which do not need a lot of time for offline learning, can satisfy well the identification requirements. One-shot learning gesture recognition not only greatly improves the ease-of-use of HRI, but also makes the robot learn and recognize interaction gestures with the cognition mechanism conforming to the expectation of a human user.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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302,341 |
We consider ChirpStack open-source LoRaWAN Network Server stack for the server side. Chirpstack provides open-source components to form the network infrastructure. Any instance of each component can be installed locally or in a cloud platform to construct the overall network infrastructure. Moreover, this infrastructure provides a user-friendly web-interface for device management and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for integration.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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198,941 |
Exosomal proteins from ANL-treated MetRS*MSCs can be detected via alkyne-Cy7 click-staining. (A,B) The MetRS*MSCs were incubated with ANL (+) or vehicle (–) for 24 h; then, exosomes were isolated from culture media and evaluated via (A) nanoparticle-tracking analysis and (B) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (C) Exosomes were isolated from CTLMSCs and MetRS*MSCs that had been incubated with ANL (+) or vehicle (–) for 24 h; then, the exosomes were lysed, and proteins were separated on an SDS-PAGE gel, click-stained with alkyne-Cy7, and imaged in stain-free and Cy7 mode (BONCAT).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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375,809 |
Sennikov said that he knew of cases where publishers provided false ISBNs, but that these were not demonstrably false. Such numbers might refer to a book published a year earlier by the same publisher who just recycled the number. The authors who published with such a publisher would be penalized for something that was out of their control. He added that this practice was embraced in some countries with a very low level of control in the publishing business.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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183,681 |
Altogether, these results show that, during conjugation or natural transformation, integron cassettes are efficiently delivered in the V. cholerae host cell and inserted at the attIA site from the V. cholerae SCI even in the presence of the sole endogenous integrase. The level of endogenous integrase expression, triggered by SOS response induction initiated by the single-stranded cassette entry during conjugation and natural transformation (24,30) seems sufficient to insert cassettes at a significant level in the V. cholerae SCI. Note that, when performing both conjugation and natural transformation, we also detected some attIA insertion events associated with shuffling of internal remote cassettes in first position (1 event on the 160 performed PCR for conjugation and 12 events on the 152 performed PCR for natural transformation, Supplementary Figure S1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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125,399 |
Then, we searched in which state respiratory frequency could dominate in the LFP signal. We computed covariation maps (2-dimensional distribution of joined LFP-respiration frequencies across time) for all states and recorded structures, as described in “Methods”, focusing on the 0.5–10 Hz frequency range (Fig. 5). This analysis beneficially complements coherence analysis since it allows tracking instantaneous synchrony in the data. A highlighted diagonal in the covariation maps indicates that LFP predominantly oscillated at the respiratory frequency. Significance of these data has been assessed by comparing, for each rat, the coupling index measured in air condition with coupling indices of 100 surrogate maps obtained by shuffling LFP frequencies across time (see Supplementary Fig. S1, Supplementary Table S2, and methods section). During AE, where rats sniffed in the 5–10 Hz range, the predominant LFP frequency clearly followed respiration in olfactory structures and in PFC (see the highlighted diagonal in OB, AP, PFC and Supplementary Table S2). Oppositely, covariation maps in the other structures showed a uniform theta band activity whatever the respiration frequency (see the highlighted horizontal band in CA1, DG, S1, V1) indicating that these areas maintained an activity in the theta range whatever the respiration frequency. During QW, respiration frequency became predominant in the LFPs of all recorded structures as assessed by the highlighted diagonal in the 1–4 Hz range and by the comparison between actual and surrogate coupling index values (Supplementary Fig. S1B and Supplementary Table S2). In four structures (S1, CA1, V1, DG) respiration frequency co-dominated with theta nevertheless (Fig. 5, see the yellow spot around 7 Hz). During SWS, the range of respiration frequencies was narrow (see the low variation in Fig. 2C1) so that covariation analysis was not relevant for this state. During REM, LFP predominant frequency was theta and, even if covariation maps showed a highlighted diagonal in OB, AP, PFC and DG (Supplementary Fig. S1A), comparison between actual and surrogate data (Supplementary Fig. S1B) revealed no difference between conditions. These results revealed that LFP mainly oscillated at respiratory frequencies in all the recorded structures only during QW state.Figure 5Covariation between LFP and respiration frequencies. Covariation maps, averaged across rats, obtained from LFP signals recorded under ambient air in OB, AP, PFC, CA1, DG, S1, and V1. Y-axis represents LFP frequency and X-axis respiratory frequency. The maps are 2-dimensional distributions of joined LFP-respiration frequencies across time (see methods for details), normalized so that the total sum is 1. Point density is represented on a color scale ranging from blue (0) to yellow (map maximum) as the point density increases. For each structure and state, see sample size (number of rats in the average) in Table 1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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152,279 |
In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between SEE, ITLPE, FIPE, and myometrial invasion and evaluated the diagnostic performance of SEE and ITLPE for myometrial invasion in patients with low-risk endometrial carcinoma. In addition, we compared FIPE with histopathologic findings.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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102,385 |
In contrast to the predominance of Gammaproteobacteria in Kongsfjorden sediments in previous report (43.7% of the total bacterial sequences; Tian et al., 2009), Alpha- (24.5%), Gamma- (10.6%), Delta- (10.0%) and Epsilonproteobacteria (25.4%) were dominant in sediments analyzed here. In contrast, sequences affiliated with Epsilonproteobacteria were seldom detected in the northern Bering Sea sediments. The origin of water overlying sediments shapes benthic communities locally and globally and may dictate the recruitment of taxa from overlying waters (Hamdan et al., 2013). Epsilonproteobacteria were most abundant in Atlantic-influenced sediments on the Alaska Beaufort Shelf, and OTUs affiliated with the Sulfurimonas and Sulfurovum genera accounted for up to 13% of communities (Hamdan et al., 2013). In this study, the genera Sulfurimonas and Sulfurovum also represented a substantial portion of the sediment bacteria in Kongsfjorden, where an increased influx of AW into the Kongsfjorden system would influence sediment community composition from the outer to the inner fjord (Hop et al., 2002).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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20,303 |
This table summarized the most significant canonical pathways identify by “ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA).” The IPA system implements Fisher’s exact test to determine whether a canonical pathway is enriched with genes of interest (the level of significance was fixed in p < 0.05). The ratio show the number of genes whose expression levels were different between CAT09 and mock groups, of the total of genes that have been described previously in each pathway.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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145,740 |
Evaluation of residual cancer if any after treatment is important for determining the prognosis of patients, and based on that, management of clinical/surgical treatment modalities could be done. Therefore, keeping in view the merits of DCE- and DWI-MRI in diagnostics, the present study was performed to evaluate the role of functional and dynamic MRI in the assessment of breast lesions following BCS in TNBC subtypes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
41,070 |
The sample size was determined using G*Power 3.0.10 software. A total of 29 ulcer per group were chosen considering Power: 0.80, a:0.05, effect size: 0.339 and SD: 2 for pain score. All of the data was analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 software program and significance was evaluated at a level of p<0.05. During the assessment of the study data, conformity of the parameters to the normal distribution was assessed by the Shapiro Wilks test. During the evaluation of the study data, regarding the comparisons of quantitative data as well as descriptive statistical methods (Mean, Standard deviation), One-way Anova test was used for the intergroup comparisons of parameters with normal distribution and Tukey HDS test was used for the determination of the group causing difference. Kruskal Wallis test was used for the intergroup comparisons of parameters without normal distribution and Mann Whitney U test was used for the determination of the group causing difference. Paired Samples t test was used for the in-group comparisons of parameters with normal distribution. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was used for the in-group comparisons of parameters without normal distribution. Chi-Square test was used for comparison of qualitative data.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
153,480 |
Agarose diffusion drug susceptibility assays showed that the control C. albicans strain SC5314 was susceptible to FLC, VCZ, and VT-1161, while the C. albicans Darlington strain was resistant (Figure 3). Selective inhibition of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) drug efflux pump Mdr1 with MCC1189 or the ABCG transporter Cdr1p with RC21v3 did not alter the susceptibility of either the control or Darlington strain to FLC, VCZ, or VT-1161. Thus, the Cdr1 and Mdr1 efflux pumps are not implicated in the resistance of the Darlington strain to these azoles. The agarose diffusion assays confirmed the earlier finding that Darlington cells are resistant to ITC and PCZ . Co-treatment of either SC5314 or Darlington cells with the Cdr1 inhibitor RC21v3 conferred increased susceptibility to both ITC and PCZ. Treatment with the Mdr1 inhibitor MCC1189 had no effect on susceptibility. These results indicate that efflux of long-tailed azoles through Cdr1, but not Mdr1, contributes to resistance in the Darlington strain. However, this conclusion maintains the caveats that MCC1189 is a substrate of Cdr1, and that PCZ is a poor substrate of CaMdr1 .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
109,918 |
The data used were from our 2010 repeat of our 1997 postal survey ‘Transport, Housingand Well-being’ (THAW) of a random stratified sample of adults in eight local authority areas in the West of Scotland. THAW 2010 was based on THAW 1997, a study designed to examine three objectives, firstly, the statistical associations between long term morbidity and mental health and well-being on the one hand, and housing tenure and car ownership on the other (while controlling for socio-demographic and psychological characteristics); secondly, the role of housing quality, residential environment, and use of cars, in influencing illness and psychological health; and thirdly the meaning of housing tenure and car ownership in people's daily lives (Macintyre et al., 2003). THAW 2010 draws on respondents from the same geographical areas (due to its socially heterogeneous composition) to our 1997 postal survey and uses a very similar postal questionnaire to the previous study. As with our 1997 survey, our random sample of the general population was stratified to reduce selection bias (Sedgwick, 2015) using a geodemographic classification of neighbourhood type (using ACORN, Scottish version (CACI, 2010)) to ensure that all types of residential neighbourhoods (ranging from ‘affluent consumers in large houses’ to ‘poorest council estates’) were included in correct proportions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
305,857 |
We also show failure cases of the current state-of-art model using RGB frames in Figure 6. Some failure cases show situations where the estimated attention regions are toward vanishing points. This is a fundamental difficulty when predicting a driver’s visual attention. Drivers tend to stare at the vanishing points or center of the roads; therefore, such sorts of examples are abundant in the driving dataset. Consequently, prediction models could easily learn center-biased attention regions. However, as shown in the examples estimated by the proposed model using optical flow, the center bias effect (nearby the vanishing points) decreases with dynamic stimuli. This sufficiently indicates that motion information can be reasonably assumed to contribute to salient region detection since the pixels which change in the optical flow field often attract more attention. In contrast, the temporal saliency is not perfectly equal to the amplitude of all the motion. For example, subtle motions from unsteady small disturbance or illumination changes in the environment can be learned as non-trivial features by the network, negatively impacting prediction accuracy. The examples of the top and bottom rows of Figure 7 shows that subtle movement of water drops can make the network confused to predict salient regions. And the examples of the middle row of Figure 7 shows that the network could detect the areas visually obtruded by illumination changes as salient regions. The observations demonstrate that irregular patterns could impede the network using the optical flow from estimating accurate attention regions, resulting in poor prediction accuracy.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
86,551 |
Electro competent E. coli XL1-Blue cells were co-transformed with the memory system plasmid and SOS response trigger plasmid. Cells were cultured for 1 h at 30 °C in SOC medium supplemented with 30 μM ZnSO4. Cells were then plated on LB agar plates containing 25 μg ml−1 kanamycin, 100 μg ml−1 ampicillin, 30 μM ZnSO4 and 0.2% glucose and incubated at 30 °C for 24 h. Single colonies were used to inoculate overnight cultures in LB medium containing 25 μg ml−1 kanamycin and 100 μg ml−1 ampicillin, 10 μM ZnSO4 and 0.2% glucose. Cells were treated with ultraviolet light in order to induce SOS response. A 5 ml sample of a liquid bacterial culture was transferred to a petri dish (9 cm diameter) and ultraviolet radiation was applied with a UVC 500 Ultraviolet Crosslinker (Amersham) using 50 J m−2 of ultraviolet energy per surface area. Treatment was repeated three times with 2 h breaks for recovery. To induce SOS response via DNA damaging chemicals, cells were treated with 50 μM of cisplatin (Acros organics) for 12 h. After treatment with cisplatin cells were washed two times with medium not containing cisplatin.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
234,704 |
We next analyzed the immune clusters and tumor heterogeneity information at genetic and epigenetic levels (Figure 3A). The results indicated that VHL and PBRM1 genes were the most frequently mutated genes in ccRCC, and Cluster A showed a relatively higher mutation rate than Clusters B and C. We also performed subgroup analysis of ccRCC and found significantly differential heterogeneity in methylation, miRNA, and mRNA levels among the three subgroups (p < 0.05). Next, we measured the myeloid infiltration score (StromalScore), immune score (ImmuneScore), tumor purity (ESTIMATEScore), and stemness index score (mRNAsi) among subgroups based on RNA expression data from the TCGA database (Figures 3B–E; Supplementary Table S2A). Overall, these results revealed significant differences in tumor heterogeneity among the three immune clusters using the Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.001).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
354,096 |
Radiation is usually considered as low risk in comparison with other risks of pregnancy. Almost for all the diagnostic radiation treatments and nuclear medicine examinations, pregnant women are exposed to less than 50 mSv. Such a low dose of radiation does not bring about any fetal health complications during pregnancy. Effects on fetal development include the cells in the embryo are proliferating, migrating, and differentiating at a higher rate; the embryo, which is rapidly developing, is extremely radiosensitive. The feedback after exposure to X- rays depends on the amount of dose given, dose rate, and radiation quality, the fetal stage at the time of radiation exposure .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
209,599 |
Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) is also known as a member of the human aldo-keto reductase family (7). The human AKR1C family is composed of four enzymes, AKR1C1–4, and AKR1C3, a monomeric, cytosolic, NAD(P) (H)-dependent oxidoreductase, is expressed in the prostate, adrenals, breast, and uterus (8, 9). Many studies have demonstrated that AKR1C3 promoted the metastasis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (10) and colorectal cancer (11). Besides, the role of AKR1C3 in many types of treatment resistance was discovered. Pharmacologic inhibition of AKR1C3 increased cellular doxorubicin content and restored drug DNA binding, cytotoxicity, and subcellular localization (12). AKR1C3 is highly expressed in metastatic and recurrent prostate cancer and in enzalutamide-resistant prostate xenograft tumors. Inhibition of AKR1C3 enzymatic activity resulted in significant inhibition of enzalutamide-resistant tumor growth (13). AKR1C3 inhibitors can overcome abiraterone resistance by reducing endocrine androgen levels and reducing AR transcription activity (14). AKR1C3 mediated doxorubicin resistance through activation of the anti-apoptosis PTEN/Akt pathway via PTEN loss (15). AKR1C3 is overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (16). The main mechanism of action of AKR1C3 is related to ROS production and oxidative stress signaling pathway Nrf2/antioxidant response element genes (17). Increasing evidence indicates that AKR1C3 expression is a prognostic factor for tumor progression and drug resistance in a variety of malignancies. AKR1C3 inducing sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma remains unclear.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
122,060 |
We found that cognitive disorders were coded for 1 of 9 neurocysticercosis patients in this study and were 3 times more likely to occur in these patients than in controls; this finding supports results of recent studies showing that cognitive impairment can be a notable sequela of neurocysticercosis (12). Cognitive disorders primarily affect learning, memory, perception, and problem solving. A team-based approach to clinical management that includes ancillary support, including social services and rehabilitation, may be beneficial in neurocysticercosis cases, especially when long-term adherence to antiepileptic drugs or other therapies are required to maintain quality of life.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
214,927 |
In our study, among 343 isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, 12.5% were resistant to carbapenem. In earlier study reported from Kathmandu Model Hospital, the prevalence of carbapenem resistant ranged from 4.5% to 20.0% among the members of Enterobacteriaceae . However, higher rate of carbapenem resistant among Enterobacteriaceae was reported in other studies [75, 76]. The difference in utilization of carbapenem antibiotics to treat infections in different study settings may be responsible for these variations .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
42,261 |
In the algorithm, a guess state |φ (0)〉 of the ground state of the system is prepared as the initial input state. The register R of the circuit is prepared in state |0〉 |φ (0)〉, which is an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian H R with eigenvalue ε 0. We set the parameter ε 0 such that ε 0 − E 1 = 1, where E 1 represents the ground state energy of the system. The procedures of the algorithm are as follows:
| 3 | 2other
| 0Study
|
223,908 |
Prednisolone and cyclophosphamide are the gold standard to treat severe forms of GPA. Since GPA can be ANCA negative in 10% cases, immunosuppressive treatment should be started as soon as possible in highly suspicious GPA, irrespective of auto-antobody serology Immunosuppressive treatment is in fact critical to decrease morbidity and mortality in the long term . Although the latter treatment regimen allows remission in over 90% of GPA patients, the kidney function should be consistently verified before treatment start . As our patient had a compromised renal function, TB treatment was adjusted based upon creatinine clearance, as recommended by CDC .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
97,586 |
In our study, we propose dynamic spiral‐accelerated 31P–MRSI as an efficient method for simultaneous mapping of the temporal changes in PCr and intracellular pH during plantar flexion exercise of the calf muscle at 7 T. This method allows the assessment of muscle‐specific oxidative metabolism during and after exercise. The performance of our rapid spiral‐encoded 31P–MRSI method and its feasibility for dynamic experiments was investigated in phantom experiments and in vivo in a group of 12 healthy volunteers. Using this rapid technique we were also able to show the shift of the workload from the gastrocnemius to the SOL muscle resulting from different knee angulation during plantar flexion exercise. This is demonstrated by differences in the PCr drop between respective muscle groups in our two exercise set‐ups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
175,138 |
LIAS patients had chronic symptoms as described by Fukuhara et al. with more than 6 months duration . They had radiological evidence on MRI of aqueductal stenosis with a normal sized fourth ventricle, dilatation of the lateral and third ventricles with a convex tuber cinereum and lamina terminalis and dilatation of the third ventricular recesses, meaning downward bulging of the floor of the third ventricle and forward bulging of the lamina terminalis (Fig. 2). Patients with presentation of aqueductal stenosis with clinical signs and symptoms of elevated ICP were not part of this investigation as both study centres would typically not see the need for diagnostic ICP monitoring. Fig. 2Sagittal T2 MRI image through the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct and fourth ventricle showing typical findings for LIAS. Note the convex shape of the tuber cinereum and lamina terminalis, dilated third ventricle, stenosis of the distal aqueduct and normal sized fourth ventricle
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
52,971 |
The two Pomsp-1 sequences encoding 1718 amino acids were 100% identical. They were >98% identical in nucleotide sequence with the Pocmsp-1 sequence from the Cameroonian isolates OM1A and OM1B (GenBank #FJ824670 and FJ824671), and ~91% identical with the Powmsp-1 from the Thai isolates (Additional file 5). Comparison of the amino acid sequences showed a similar trend. Compared with the PoMSP-1 gene from the Thai isolate Po-7 (GenBank No. KC137346) , there are two synonymous mutations (C421T and T1929C) and one nonsynonymous mutation (C541T) in the isolate C0100511. A 12-nucleotide repeat sequence (GCCGCTACACAA) encoding amino acids AATQ between the position 2814–2911 in the variable domain 5 was found to have repeated three times in the Thai isolate and four times in both C0100511 and M0500214 (Additional file 6). The highest amino acid identity in the other variable domains and interspecies conserved sequences of PoMSP-1 was observed among the M0500214, C0100511 and five Poc isolates (Po-4, Po-7, Po-8, Po-9, Po-10) from Thailand.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
137,468 |
Affinity column bed was prepared from the pre-activated CNBr Sepharose 4B which is an appropriate medium for immobilization of ligands containing primary amines. The medium was coupled with degalactosilated bovine fetuin as a heavily glycosylated protein containing bi-antennary, tri-antennary and tetra-antennary oligosaccharides with variable sialyation. Briefly, the required amount of lyophilized CNBr powder was weighed and suspended in 1 mM HCL. The medium swelled immediately and was washed on a sintered glass filter (porosity G3) with 1 mM HCl for 15 min. The required amount of fetuin (10 mg/mL) was also dissolved in dissolving buffer (0.1 M CH3COONa, pH 8.3; containing 0.5 M NaCl) and incubated at 37 °C overnight with an appropriate amount of β-galactosidase to remove the free galactose residues. The fetuin was then extensively dialyzed against a coupling buffer (0.1 M NaHCO3, pH 8.3; containing 0.5 M NaCl) and added to the suspended CNBr medium in a stoppered vessel. The mixture was subject to end-overend rotation overnight at 4 °C and washed later with 5 medium (gel) volumes of coupling buffer in order to wash away the excess ligands. The mixture was incubated in blocking buffer (0.1 M Tris-HCl) pH 8.0 for 2 h to block remaining active groups on Sepharose 4B and washed in three cycles of alternating pH with 5 medium volumes of 0.1 M acetic acid/sodium acetate, pH 4.0 containing 0.5 M NaCl, and 0.1M Tris-HCl, pH 8 containing 0.5 M NaCl. Finally, the coupled CNBr-fetuin bead was packed in HR 16/10 column.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
126,004 |
For repair of auricular and nasal cartilage where aesthetic appearance is the primary consideration, modified autologous costal cartilage is commonly used for transplantation (Foerster, 1966a; Vuyk and Adamson, 1998). However, autologous transplantation may cause damage to the donor site, and patients are often unsatisfied with the appearance of the reconstructed area. In addition, there is a risk of postoperative complications such as infection (Thorne et al., 2001; Yamada, 2018). As an alternative to autologous implantation, commercial auricular prostheses are also a rational choice as they involve pre-assembled scaffolds with C- and Y-shaped frames made of composite porous polyethylene (Medpor) material (Cenzi et al., 2005). However, surgical implantation is often accompanied by complications like erosion, infection, absorption collapse, inflammation, and displacement (Younis et al., 2010). Furthermore, this treatment is only applicable to total replacement of the auricular scaffold, which is not appropriate for repair of local auricle defects (Yamada, 2018).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
388,333 |
Data collection was carried out from 11 to 29 June 2012, by 118 trained university students. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire based on and modified from the one applied in the II Survey on the Prevalence of BF in the Brazilian Capitals and the Federal District in 2008. 22 This questionnaire included 67 questions regarding the characteristics of the participants, the use of the health service and the children’s food consumption (BM, other types of milk, food groups, food consistency). The questions about food were based on all the probable foods the child ate the day before the interview (24-hour recall), 5 asked to the children’s carers before vaccination.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
304,594 |
Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis (LEfSe) (P < 0.05, LDA > 2) identified representative gut bacterial taxa for the chicks in the hen-reared groups and the separately reared group. Consistent with the microbial composition results, the diversity of gut microbiota varied greatly in the early life of the chicks. At 3 to 5 dph (Fig. 3B, C), phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria and their classified bacteria were the dominant genera in the hen-reared group, with only families Enterococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae being significantly enriched in the separately reared group. At 11 dph (Fig. 3E), no dominant microbiota genera were found in the separately reared group, whereas the gut microbiota of the hen-reared groups was enriched in the order Actinomycetales, genus Lysinibacillus, and families Muribaculaceae (S24-7), Leuconostocaceae, and Turicibacteraceae. At 17 dph (Fig. 3F), the family Eubacteriaceae, genus Erysipelotrichaceae CC-115, order Bifidobacteriales, and Enterococcaceae bacterium RF39 were dominant in the separately reared group, whereas the family Corynebacteriaceae, genus Lysinibacillus, and orders Actinomycetales and Turicibacteriales were prevalent in the chicks of the hen-reared groups.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
140,731 |
Cells were scraped from culture plates and incubated for 20 min in ice‐cold lysis buffer containing protease inhibitor cocktails. Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were prepared as described previously.[ 29 ] Total protein (10 µg) was separated by SDS‐PAGE and transferred to a PVDF membrane (Bio‐Rad). The membrane was incubated with primary antibodies, and the protein was visualized with ECL (HRP) (Millipore). The following antibodies were used for western blot analysis: anti‐Pten (Cell Signaling Technology, 9188), anti‐β‐actin (Immunoway, YM3028), anti‐p‐T308‐Akt (Cell Signaling Technology, 13038), anti‐p‐S473‐Akt (Cell Signaling Technology, 4060), anti‐Akt (Cell Signaling Technology, 4691), anti‐cTnT (Abcam, ab8295), anti‐Dnmt3l (Cell Signaling Technology, 13451), anti‐Dnmt3b (Cell Signaling Technology, 48488), anti‐Dnmt3b (ab122932, Abcam), anti‐Igf1r (Cell Signaling Technology, 3027), anti‐p‐S253‐FoxO3a (Abcam, ab47285), anti‐p‐T32‐FoxO3a (Cell Signaling Technology, 9464), anti‐FoxO3a (Cell Signaling Technology, 2497), anti‐Phospho‐p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Cell Signaling Technology, 4370), anti‐ Insulin Receptor β (Abcam, ab69508), anti‐p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) (Cell Signaling Technology, 4695), anti‐β‐Tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology, 2146), and anti‐Lamin A/C (Cell Signaling Technology, 4777).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
168,396 |
For both IHC parameters, the intensity of IHC assay and percentage of positive tumour cells, the optimal cut-off value for discriminating between GCTB and non-GCTB groups was 0 [Supplementary Figure S1]. The interpretation of the two IHC parameters was consistent between the two pathologists who performed the assessments [Supplementary Tables S4 and S5]. The Cohen’s kappa value for agreement in IHC assay intensity was 0.797 (95% CI: 0.713–0.881). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for concordance in the percentage of positive cells was estimated to be 0.914 (p < 0.0001). In the simplified agreement analysis using the optimal distinguishing cut-off values (0) for both parameters, 100% concordance was noted between the pathologists (Cohen’s kappa = 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
269,036 |
The literature review on patient safety revealed that patient safety education was provided mainly to healthcare providers, implying that there were few studies that developed a patient safety education program targeting general patients; the effects of such education programs were examined . In addition, because specific information for patients or caregivers cannot be provided in an integrated manner since patient safety education is imparted based on the circumstances of each hospital, the need to provide such information has been highlighted . Based on the analysis of the literature review, the need for patient safety education was investigated for the general public . A panel survey was conducted by EMBRAIN (Korean survey company) from 13 to 27 November 2019, among 1187 respondents who visited the hospital within one year from the time of the survey.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
29,062 |
Other environmental factors might be added in future work to the landscape of mushroom-shaped biofilm formation. Such additional factors may include the adhesion of bacteria to the substrate or each other, which were set to be constant in the present investigation. It was shown that extracellular DNA plays a role in the initialisation of immotile cell colonies14, as well as the absorption of motile cells to the surface of such colonies48. Consideration of the variation in such factors would further improve the predictive power of the model. Indeed, biofilm morphology has a significant impact on biofilm behaviour and evolution285051, as well as antibiotic resistance491011. In this context, new treatment methods exploiting the social behaviour of biofilms or their interactions with the hosting medium are appealing265253.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
302,070 |
Hydrogels based on chitosan have to be cross-linked to present improved material stability, as chitosan dissolves in aqueous-like conditions very easily. However, the solubility of chitosan depends on the molecular weight and deacetylation degree of chitosan as well as the pH of the solution. Various compounds are known to be applicable as cross-linker agents .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
3,717 |
To an ice-cooled suspension of NaH (263 mg, 6.58 mmol), carbon disulfide (220 μL, 3.62 mmol), and elemental sulfur (116 mg, 3.62 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added 3d (500 mg, 3.29 mmol) in DMF (1 mL). The mixture was allowed to stir at 0 °C for 30 min, at which time saturated Na2CO3 (10 mL) was added. The mixture was then extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL × 3), washed with water (10 mL × 3), dried (Na2SO4), filtered, concentrated, and purified by column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate 4:1) to yield 6d as a red solid (838 mg, 95 %). Mp 106–107 °C. Rf = 0.29 (20 % EtOAc/Hex). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 6.35 (br s, 2 H), 7.29 (d, J = 8.70 Hz, 2 H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.70 Hz, 1 H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 130.00, 132.22, 132.27, 134.85, 151.04, 175.69, 234.84. Calc. 259, found 260 [M+H]+.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
186,354 |
The Arabidopsis genome contains three CRY genes, two CRYs (CRY1 and CRY2) of the plant CRY subfamily, and one CRY (CRY3) of the CRY-DASH subfamily. CRY1 and CRY2 have proven signaling activities in photomorphogenesis, while CRY3 repairs cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in UV-damaged single-stranded DNA and is localized in chloroplasts and mitochondria (Kleine et al., 2003; Selby and Sancar, 2006; Pokorny et al., 2008; Kiontke et al., 2020). Plant and animal-type CRYs evolved independently from different types of DNA photolyases; both have lost photolyase activity in the course of their evolution into photoreceptors (Sancar, 2003).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
77,749 |
An unexpected finding was the design of many of the decisions (Table 1, Example 2) since the Norwegian Directorate of Health has issued a guide that shows how individual decisions should be formulated. Why are many of the individual decisions not formulated in accordance with the guidelines? One potential explanation is that the most detailed form may be the basis for calculating the hours and minutes per week to be stated in the decision. Since an audit from the Norwegian Board of Health Supervision (17) compares individual decisions with an information label some professional staff think the use of a detailed form is the best way to formulate individual decisions.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
128,530 |
Building on the latter observation regarding NP binding heterogeneity, Wang et al. developed a population-scale detachment model . The key was to develop the concept of Bond Potential (BP), which was the maximum number of bonds that each NP could achieve due to availability of free receptors or ligands. This BP varied because both molecules were randomly distributed. Using NAD simulation results, a constant detachment rate was assigned to each BP category, and an aggregate detachment rate was calculated for the entire population. The empirical BP model accurately predicted experimental results, as shown in Fig. 18.Fig. 18Fitting of time-dependent NP detachment curves using the population-scale detachment model for different experimental conditions including the A base case, B low antibody density, C low ICAM-1 density, D ICAM-1 dimers, E clustered ICAM1 dimers, F \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma$$\end{document}γ = .29 nm, G \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\gamma$$\end{document}γ = 0.3 nm, H \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$k_{r}$$\end{document}kr = \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$5 \times 10^{ - 4} s^{ - 1}$$\end{document}5×10-4s-1, I \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$k_{r}^{o}$$\end{document}kro = \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$10^{ - 3} s^{ - 1}$$\end{document}10-3s-1. From reference
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
32,650 |
The effect of adsorption time on the removal of zinc(II) by XSBLAC was investigated, and the results are shown in Figure 6. The adsorption capacity of XSBLAC greatly increased from 10 to 40 min until equilibrium and then remained nearly stable as the adsorption time increased further. This behavior may be why zinc(II) ions first adsorbed on the surface’s unsaturated activated functional sites, subsequently diffused into the XSBLAC’s micropores, and finally adsorbed on functional sites, thereby saturating the material’s mesopores and reaching adsorption equilibrium. Therefore, an adsorption time of 40 min was chosen as the optimal equilibrium time for the adsorption of zinc(II) on XSBLAC under the experimental conditions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
336,988 |
Oxidative stress was evaluated by the level of intracellular ROS measured using the dye dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) . Briefly, 2 × 105 PBMC per well were seeded in a 96-well cell culture plate and treated with or without nanoparticles. After 24 h, cells were extensively washed with PBS and incubated with 10 µM DCFH-DA in PBS, for 30 min, at 37 °C. As positive control, 1 mM H2O2 was added to another duplicate of cultures. Fluorescence of the oxidized form of DCFH-DA (DCF) was measured using a FacsCanto cytofluorimeter (excitation wavelength: 485 nm; emission wavelength: 530 nm). For each sample, 10,000 events within the viable cells gate were acquired. Each condition was tested in quadruplicate.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
261,339 |
Data was collected using a semi-structured researcher administered questionnaire that was developed with input from the studies in the literature review. Key aspects of data included socio-demographics characteristics of the participants, history of past and present use, and factors associated to use of the herbal medicines. The questionnaire was pretested to determine the time required for completion and included both open and close ended questions. Other key aspects considered included ensuring the correct phrasing and sequencing of questions. Two research assistants were recruited and trained on how to administer the questionnaires. The study was explained to caretakers and only those that agreed to participate were recruited. The questionnaires were administered face to face and in the waiting room where the vital signs of the children are measured.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
258,522 |
As a natural compound, BBR may exert effects on multiple targets in different cell types37–40. This study mainly focused on pancreatic β-cells and suggested that BBR specifically targeted KCNH6 channel in β-cells to promote insulin secretion. Although most papers reported positive effect of BBR on insulin secretion41–51, some papers reported negative effects on insulin secretion after the administration of BBR52–55. The opposite results might be due to different experimental conditions, especially a lower purity of BBR in vitro. As BBR is a natural product purified from plants, the components of this product are extraordinarily complex and may include some harmful impurities.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
227,311 |
Impact of spinal cord injury (SCI) on neurochemical coding of myenteric neurons in the proximal and distal colon. Triple immunochemical staining of whole-mount preparations of myenteric plexus and longitudinal muscle layer using antibodies against Hu (A,B), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; C,D) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; E,F) in the proximal colon. SCI (B and C) did not modify the number of neurons per ganglia as compared with controls (CT) (sham enemas) in the proximal and distal colon (G and H, respectively). SCI did not change the proportion of ChAT-immunoreactive (IR) neurons per ganglia compared with CT in the proximal and distal colon (D and F). Finally, SCI reduced the proportion of nNOS-IR neurons per ganglia in the proximal and distal colon compared with CT (G and I); (*p < 0.05) (scale bar = 100 μm).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
296,735 |
aStaphylococcus aureus CMCC(B)26003; bStaphylococcus aureus CMCC 25923; cEnterococcus faecalis CMCC 29212; dBacillus subtilis CMCC 63501; eStreptococcus mutans BNCC 336931; fEscherichia coli CMCC 25922; gEscherichia coli CMCC 44568; hpseudomonas aeruginosa CMCC 27853; i pseudomonas aeruginosa CMCC 10104.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
383,247 |
The building block for three essential nutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins): simple sugars, fatty and amino acids, are provided from diet. Contrary to for example fatty acids, amino acids due to their lipophobicity require transporters for the import/export. Up to now, more than 30 different amino acid transporters have been described in mammalian cells, however, a small, co-called “minimal set” among them is consistently overexpressed in many different tumor types (9–11). These transporters are LAT1, ASCT2 and the Xc− system. According to our previous study, LAT1 (standing for L-type Amino acid Transporter 1) is indispensable for transport of essential amino acids, general amino acid homeostasis, and consequently, tumor growth (12). ASCT2 or Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter 2 is a transporter that exchanges small neutral amino acids and plays a crucial role in glutamine uptake and the promotion of tumor growth, independently of LAT1 activity (13). The third overexpressed transporter in cancer is the Xc- system, an exchanger that imports cystine, the oxidized form of cysteine, and exports glutamate. This sodium-independent antiporter is composed of two subunits: xCT (gene name SLC7A11), a subunit responsible for the amino acid exchange, and a chaperone CD98 (gene name SLC3A2). In 2011, the transmembrane glycoprotein CD44, a cancer stem-like cell marker, and more precisely the CD44 variant (CD44v) capable to bind hyaluronan has also been described to interacts and stabilizes Xc- system (14) (Figure 1). Although the role of CD44 in the transport activity of xCT has not been validated so far, an interesting implication in iron endocytosis via CD44-bound hyaluronates is proposed (15) (Figure 1). Our group recently described that a genetic disruption of the xCT subunit using CRISPR-Cas9 inhibits protein synthesis and proliferation in vitro (16) and leads to a specific non-apoptotic cell death named ferroptosis, that will be described later in this review. A 14C-cystine transport assay in xCT knockout (xCT-KO) cells revealed this transporter as unique and indispensible for cystine uptake, as a complete abolishment of cystine transport has been observed. In contrast, in in vivo assay, xCT-KO pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells injected subcutaneously managed to form a tumor, although with a short delay. This indicates that other mechanisms are involved in the maintenance of intracellular cysteine pool in vivo allowing tumor growth. Indeed, one of the poorly discussed limits of cystine transport study in vitro is the fact that the commonly used culture media contains exclusively oxidized form of cysteine. Consistent with this, use of a reducing source such as β-mercaptoethanol allows reversal of xCT-KO phenotype, as it has been reported couple decades ago by Bannai's group (17, 18). Therefore, highly dynamic ratio of cystine/cysteine couple in vivo can explain the discrepancy with in vitro phenotype. Transport of reduced form of cysteine has been assigned to the transporters form ASCT family. However, in case of the ASCT2, studies showed that cysteine is actually a competitive inhibitor and not a substrate for ASCT2 (19, 20). Similarly, preliminary results in our group indicate that ASCT2 is not involved in cysteine uptake in surviving xCT-ASCT2 double knockout PDAC cells in presence of β-mercaptoethanol. Our laboratory at the moment is focused on the examination of this highly elusive transport system for the import of cysteine.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
394,426 |
The clostridial neurotoxin (CNT) family of proteins includes several serotypes of BoNTs and tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) (Arnon et al., 2001; Montecucco and Schiavo, 1994). CNTs comprise a ∼50 kDa Light Chain (LC) and a ∼100 kDa Heavy Chain (HC) connected by a disulfide bond (Lacy et al., 1998; Montal, 2010; Montecucco and Schiavo, 1994). The LC is a metalloprotease that cleaves proteins of the Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) complex, blocking synaptic vesicle exocytosis (Schiavo et al., 1994). The HC is further divided into two functional domains: the C-terminal receptor-binding domain (HCC) mainly responsible for endocytosis and trafficking, and an N-terminal pore-forming domain (HCN), which allows the translocation of the LC into the cytosol once it has been endocytosed (Dong et al., 2018).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
336,323 |
With both PTGS2 and IDO1 showing differences at the RNA level, we next measured the abundance of the enzymes they encode, COX-2 and IDO, respectively (Figure 3D). COX-2 protein was much greater in spheroid compared to adherent MSCs, while IDO expression for both rhIFN-γ-stimulated conditions were at similar levels, consistent with mRNA measurements. However, in both groups without rhIFN-γ, there was no IDO protein detected. Additionally, we examined CD73 (ecto-5′-nucleotidase), a surface marker for hMSCs that also has immunomodulatory function through the conversion of AMP to adenosine and free phosphate. Since CD73 is expressed by all MSCs (Supplemental Figure 1), we looked at changes in surface protein levels of the enzyme by flow cytometry. Unlike IDO, which was unchanged, and COX-2, which was elevated, surface expression of CD73 was significantly lower in spheroid compared to adherent MSCs (Figure 3E).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
301,494 |
Under equivalent motion conditions, Figure 5 presents a visual comparison of the target in the axial plane for MVCT versus kV‐CBCT. The presence of artifacts is dependent on the breathing period. The volume outside of ITVT for a given HU threshold was measured. Figure 6 shows that the excess volume is plotted as a function of HU for breathing periods of 2.0 and 5.0 s for a peak‐to‐peak amplitude of 20 mm. It is important to note the difference in the excess volume scale when comparing images subject to 2.0 s breathing motion compared to 5.0 s. For the large target, excess volume ranged from 0.2 to 17.0% at −600 HU and 2.3 to 65.7% at −550 HU for kV‐CBCT and MVCT, respectively. Excess volume was <2% for all kV‐CBCT contours regardless of trace type, breathing period or amplitude. In contrast, excess volume was largest for a period of 5.0 s (average of 48%), followed by 4.0 s (average of 25%) but reduced for 2.0 s (average of 5%) for MVCT.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
76,292 |
Figure 13 shows the comparison of energy consumption with different K when n=1 and r=3. Figure 14 demonstrates the comparison of the maximum energy consumption in the same case. We can see from the figure that the energy consumption is smaller with bigger K under given n, r and δ. This is because that the bigger K leads to smaller number of returned ACKs and so the energy cost is reduced.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
132,350 |
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major cause of cervical cancers and their precursor lesions . Thus far, >200 HPV genotypes have been identified . It is now evident that specific high-risk (HR) types of HPV cause the majority of squamous cell carcinomas (SQCCs) of the cervix as well as their precursors , although there are a few HPV-independent cervical SQCCs . To date, >18 anogenital HPVs have been classified as oncogenic, these include HPV 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 69, 73, and 82 . Although HPV 16, 18, 31, and 51 are common HR-HPV genotypes , the distribution pattern of HPV genotypes shows diverse regional variation . For example, HPV 18, 52, and 58 are reported to be more prevalent in Asian populations .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
365,998 |
The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
257,948 |
Te et al. (2017) suggested that the anterior shift of the centers of gravity of the VM, VL, and RF muscles reflected the presence of remodeling and plasticity in the primary motor cortex. Although this study did not specifically examine the changes in motor control or function, similar findings in other populations led them to suggest that the mechanism of the anterior shift is related to synaptic changes to the neurons that give input to pyramidal cells. Specifically, Shanahan et al. (2015) have found an anterior shift of motor representations of the VM, VL, and RF muscles in participants with osteoarthritis. Such associations between the shifts of the quadriceps muscle representations and poorer quadriceps performance may explain the movement disorders in participants with PFP (Te et al., 2017). As this was the only article found that examined the relationship between cortical reorganization and PFP, more research is needed to confirm and generalize results.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
156,799 |
The role of DHX9 in regulating the occurrence and development of HCC remains to be unclear. Wang et al. 19 identified an oncogenic lncRNA in HCC, named lnc‐UCID, and disclosed that lnc‐UCID enhanced CDK6 expression by competitively binding to DHX9 and sequestering DHX9 from CDK6‐3'UTR. Yu et al. 20 discovered a tumor suppressor circRNA‐cSMARCA5 that was downregulated transcriptionally by DHX9 in hepatoma cells. Though it has been reported largely that DHX9 can function as a partner to regulate the expression of some gene or non‐coding RNA in cancer, the expression and key role of DHX9 itself in HCC remain to be studied further.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
18,390 |
The most obvious features of these data are the higher proportions of 3a in the high pyocyanin expressing, pigmented areas of the biofilms than in the non-pigmented areas: At 48 h strain 3a comprised 6.8 ± 5.81% of the biofilm in the pigmented areas (mean strain 3a count from 8 replicate samples = 2.65 x 107 ± 1.84 x 107 CFU vs. mean DWW2 count = 4.54 x 108 ± 2.02 x 108) compared with 1.69 ± 1.57% in the non-pigmented areas (mean strain 3a count from 8 replicate samples = 5.12 x 106 ± 4.79 x 106 CFU vs. mean DWW2 count = 2.83 x 108 ± 1.72 x 108) (p < 0.05) (Fig 2C).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
187,467 |
Elevated CO2 had no significant effect on the qP of the two winter wheat varieties; moreover, the effect of the varieties on qP was not significant (Figure 3A). However, eCO2 increased (p < 0.05) the qN of ZYM and SH8675 by 130.3 and 64.8%, respectively. Moreover, the qN of ZYM was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of SH8675 (Figures 3B,C), indicating that eCO2 significantly increased the thermal dissipation potential (more light energy absorbed by PSII was dissipated thermally) of ZYM compared with that of SH8675.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
315,688 |
It is generally accepted that there are metabolic effects of waterlogging in leaves, despite the fact that waterlogging (as opposed to full submergence) does not lead to hypoxic conditions in leaves. A common symptom of waterlogging is leaf starch accumulation , suggesting a change in sugar export and/or in partitioning between sucrose and starch synthesis during photosynthesis. Here, we also found a strong increase in leaf starch content, which represented up to 1.8% of shoot DW (~1000 µmol hexose equivalents g−1 DW) (Figure 2). This effect is not caused by an increase in photosynthesis, since waterlogging rather induces a decline in CO2 assimilation (Figure 1). Hexoses (including galactose) and polyols (glycerol, mannitol) also both increased under waterlogging (Figure 4) and a similar effect has been found in other species . The accumulation of hexoses under waterlogging is likely the result of the higher activity of sucrose synthase , which can regenerate UDP-glucose and, thus, in turn, feed galactose synthesis and metabolism (galactose, galactonate, threonate, and galactosylglycerol are significantly increased by waterlogging). Additionally, three metabolites of the polyamine pathway (urea, β-alanine, and spermidine) were less abundant, which suggested a downregulation of the entire pathway, which leads to a lower consumption and, in turn, a transient increase in arginine (Figure 4). This strong effect on polyamine metabolism has also been found in sunflower, including under K-deficient conditions, which normally induce putrescine accumulation . The general increase in aromatics implies an increase in the consumption of their precursors, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and erythrose 4-phosphate, likely at the expense of both organic acid synthesis by PEP carboxylase and synthesis of erythrose derivatives, such as threitol (effectively decreased). The rationale of all of these metabolic changes probably relates to the stimulation of alternative pathways to consume hexoses via glycolysis, galactose metabolism, and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
165,254 |
Overall, physicians reported that they were able to find the exact ICD-11 diagnosis they were looking for in 46.5% of discharges, partially in 37.1%, and not at all in 16.5%. The ease of finding the ICD-11 entity was perceived by physicians to be fairly easy in 47.1% of discharges, moderate in 36.3%, and difficult in 16.5%. The time taken to find the ICD-11 entity was considered by physicians as acceptable in 46.5% of discharges, “Ok” in 37.0%, and unacceptably long in 16.5% (Table 1).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
268,480 |
In conclusion, PRF suppressed body weight gain, white adipose tissue weight, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and fatty liver by regulating lipid-metabolism-related genes. PRF effectively improved dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in HFD-induced obese mice. These results demonstrate that the PRF might be a favorable therapeutic agent for metabolic disorders in terms of its efficacy and safety.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
90,275 |
C3 is comprised of an α (111 kDa) and β (75 kDa) chain which are linked by multiple disulfide bonds. C3 function is modulated by a sequence of proteolytic events, the first of which is mediated by the C3 convertase, and results in the release of the 9 kDa anaphylatoxin C3a from the N-terminus of the C3 α-chain. Activity of C3a is dependent on the carboxy-terminus of the protein, and is quenched following cleavage of the C-terminal arginine residue by the carboxypeptidase B enzyme . The remaining 177 kDa protein, C3b, comprises the residual 102 kDa α–chain and 75 kDa β–chain, and is the activated form of C3. Conformational changes following cleavage result in exposure of a reactive thioester residue permitting covalent deposition on the bacterial surface. Bound C3b interacts with complement receptors expressed by circulating phagocytes, mediating bacterial uptake and killing.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
198,878 |
Our knowledge of the microbiome associated with chronic and aggressive periodontitis is largely based on phylogenetic characterizations of subgingival communities or investigations of specific bacteria (notably, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, (popularly known as the “red complex” bacteria) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) within these ecosystems [10–12]. However, these individual species are part of complex communities and their role in disease causation or perpetuation can be fully understood only when studied in an ecological context. While phylogenetic approaches such as 16S sequencing place these organisms in an ecological framework [13–15], their functional roles can only be inferred. Moreover, most studies are comparisons of only one disease phenotype to healthy controls [7, 16], limiting our ability to separate phenotype-specific associations from those that are common to all clinical presentations of periodontitis. It is not surprising that we have not been able to use microbiomics to develop a robust understanding of how the microbiome contributes to a specific disease phenotype.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
59,804 |
Interestingly, complex 2 increased substantially the expression of EGFR gene (RQ = 11,276.3). The activation of this class of receptor leads to cell proliferation, which is target of the class of drugs tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although this being an unexpected effect, the increase of EGFR gene expression on cancer cells can take it more susceptible to tyrosine kinase inhibitors, indicating a potential synergic effect of complex 2 with this class of drugs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
346,288 |
Dried blood spots of subjects who tested deficient were shipped on ice packs to SMRU in Mae Sot (Thailand). DNA was extracted by mini-column (Favorgen Biotech, Taiwan) or saponin-chelex method for PCR–RFLP and gene sequencing from exon 2 to exon 13 of G6PD gene. Primer list and PCR conditions are reported in Additional file 1: Table S1 and S2. Amplified fragments were sent to external sequencing platforms and results were analysed by CLC Main Workbench 6 (Qiagen Bioinformatics). Based on published literature at the time of the study, Mediterranean (563 C>T) and Coimbra (592 C>T) mutations were expected to be found in the population, so all samples were analysed first for exon 6 which contains both variants and Mahidol (487 G>A). When samples were found to harbour no variants in exon 6, the other exons were analysed.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
280,426 |
It is possible that similarity in temporal structure is obscured in the preceding analysis by the differences in HFA amplitude for the electrodes that showed poor generalization. To control for this, we standardized the time series data by dividing each sample by the overall standard deviation (insets: Figure 5C). Using the standardized traces, we calculated the linear correlation coefficient between the contralateral and ipsilateral traces, separately for instruction and movement. As expected, electrodes that generalized well across arms showed strong across-arm correlations for both task phases (inset: Figure 5C, left). In contrast, for electrodes that generalize poorly across arms, the correlation between arms was negative during instruction and then rose to a moderate positive correlation during movement (inset: Figure 5C, right). Thus, the poor generalization of these electrodes is due in part to the temporal divergence of the two arms during instruction, where the ipsilateral trace becomes inhibited compared to the contralateral trace. Interestingly, although the ipsilateral trace remains inhibited during movement, the temporal structure between the two arms reemerges.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
123,241 |
We have exploited this ability of helical foldamers to communicate information by propagation of a conformational preference in some reactions exhibiting remote stereochemical control.48 Two chiral l-α-methylvaline (α-MeVal) residues at the terminus of a peptide-like oligomer of achiral quaternary amino acids are sufficient to induce essentially complete control over screw-sense preference which persists far enough to allow reactions to take place with 1,61 asymmetric induction and 88 : 12 diastereoselectivity. Similar reactions over shorter distances (1,46, 1,31 and 1,16 asymmetric induction) show successively increased levels of stereoselectivity. This chain-length dependence49 indicates that the ability of the helical foldamer to communicate stereochemical information is high, but not perfect (Fig. 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
145,725 |
Figure 4 shows the distribution of attack and release times yielding the highest ASR performances for the 12 audiograms with the insertion gains recommended by CAM2 (left panel) or by OPRA-RS (right panel). In the cases for which better ASR scores were achieved with the default time constants used by Gonçalves Braz et al. (2022), these default values were retained as best configurations.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
210,225 |
The n6 and n3 fatty acids were greater in the L than in the H line, but the difference was only relevant for the n3 (Table 4). These differences were opposite to those reported earlier for the LTL muscle. Relevant correlated responses were obtained for the ratios MUFA/SFA and PUFA/SFA. The MUFA/SFA ratio was higher in the livers of the H line (DH-L = 0.05), while the PUFA/SFA ratio was higher in the livers of the L line (DH-L = −0.06).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
208,447 |
The literature shows that OD education is still in its infancy, thus, there is need to raise awareness of OD (Gascó-Hernández et al., 2018) and overcome risks and challenges, such as low data quality (Lara et al., 2020; Selwyn et al., 2017). Designing effective learning environments and appropriate resources is one of the priorities in the area, with scholars suggesting choosing adaptable formats, technologies and pedagogies (Coughlan, 2019; Mikroyannidis et al., 2016). However, the evidence of what works effectively in practice and in the long term is extremely limited (Selwyn et al., 2017).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
146,428 |
Locally advanced HNSCC are often managed with surgery followed by postoperative RCT. With the general increase in life expectancy, the proportion of elderly patients with HNSCC is expected to grow rapidly. Until now, a deeper understanding of specific management strategies for these patients in clinical routines was lacking. In the present study, we compared elderly patients (≥70 years) and younger patients treated with postoperative RCT for HNSCC. All patients were treated with modern radiotherapy techniques (IMRT/VMAT). Patients ≥70 years of age had more comorbidities. Additionally, elderly patients less frequently received concomitant systemic treatment. The rates of RCT-associated mucositis and dermatitis were lower in patients ≥70 years. Elderly patients had significantly worse overall survival and progression-free survival. Locoregional and distant control were comparable in elderly and younger patients. In conclusion, postoperative RCT is a safe and effective treatment option in patients ≥70 years. In light of comorbidities and poor overall survival rates, benefits and harms of radiotherapy and concomitant systemic treatment should be weighed carefully. When exclusively applying up-to-date radiotherapy techniques with, at the same time, careful use of concomitant systemic therapy, favorable acute toxicity profiles are achieved.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
351,977 |
The PI3K-Akt signaling pathway regulates fundamental cellular functions, including transcription, translation, proliferation, growth, and survival. Accumulating evidence has implied that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway promotes malignant processes of PDAC cells, including proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, suppression of apoptosis, and chemoresistance, and targeting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway has been a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PC (Ebrahimi et al., 2017).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
178,360 |
Figure 6A shows that the thicker membrane (MX3.5) exhibited a slower vapor transport which started to produce flux after 7 min, mainly due to the increase in mass transfer resistance. On the other hand, it only took 4 min for the thinner membrane (MX1.4) to generate the first vapor flux, owing to the short vapor path length. As a result, the permeate mass accumulated by the MX1.4 membrane over 20 min was much higher than in the case of its counterparts, thanks to the decreased mass transfer resistance (Figure 6A). Remarkably, the rejection of the MXene-coated membranes did not differ much from the virgin membranes, even though there was a significant decrease in the water contact angle due to the hydrophilic nature of the MXene coating (Figure 6B). The relatively stable permeability indicates that the Ti3C2Tx coating was mainly formed at the top surface of the PTFE membrane, with minimal penetration into the porous membrane structure, which remained hydrophobic. Hence, the modified membranes maintained their separation function, acting as a barrier to liquid water passage while providing self-heating behavior. Because of its higher performance, the MX1.4 membrane was used in the subsequent experiments.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
279,904 |
Effects of ROMO1 knockdown on early porcine embryonic development. A Quantitative PCR was conducted to confirm ROMO1 knockdown at the blastocyst stage. 18 s was selected as reference gene. B Western blotting was conducted to confirm ROMO1 knockdown at the blastocyst stage. C The morphology of the d-7 embryos in dsROMO1 and dsControl groups. Scale bars, 100 μm. D The embryo development rate from 2-cell to blastocyst stages in dsROMO1 and dsControl groups. E Blastocyst diameter of dsROMO1 (n = 40) and dsControl (n = 40) embryos. F Total cell number of dsROMO1 (n = 60) and dsControl (n = 60) embryos. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001 indicate significant differences between treatment groups
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
65,441 |
Many recent reports have identified that individuals enlist for many reasons, often due to patriotism, educational benefits, a family tradition of military service and financial inducements. .This may help explain why young adults enlist in the armed forces. Many youth often believes that they are invincible and one never thinks that they could get killed or seriously injured in a combat zone. Many recruits are high school graduates with limited job prospects and the military seems like a place to get a job and learn some skills. The reality is markedly different. Our soldiers today fight wars unlike any others who have fought. They fight a largely unseen enemy and face casualties from IEDs and suicide bombers. Many are injured and maimed by unseen foes. They fight for unclear objectives and end up coming home with limited skills and in many cases with severe physical and mental injuries. They are often separated from the military service with questionable employment prospects. A number of veterans experience depression, loss of purpose present, in some cases, an overwhelming family crisis. Their mental health difficulties profoundly touch the lives of the U.S. general public.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
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