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In this report, we described cases of synucleinopathies in sheep, which appear to be as a consequence of ingesting alkaloid-rich Phalaris spp. This study helped characterize the sheep as a higher mammalian model for examining the consequences of progressive CNS synucleinopathy with relevance to parkinsonism. Akin to current methodology to evaluate brain β-amyloid plaques with (18)F-labeled tracers for positron emission tomography, it may be possible in the sheep brain to image α-synuclein accumulation. Most importantly for the veterinary profession, this provides an additional new postmortem diagnostic tool for ovine Phalaris staggers.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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81,450 |
The data are summarized in Table 1. Details on the gender, age, and ethnic background of patients were not given in all papers, but there seemed to be an agreement that the prevalence of JCV antibodies increases with age, is higher in men than in women, and is not influenced by ethnicity . While some countries only contributed small numbers of subjects, others included thousands. Moreover, while some papers provided information on the prevalence of JCV antibodies in a single country, others reported on several countries and even across continents. The prevalence of positivity for JCV antibodies ranged from 40.0% in Kuwait to 69.5% in Portugal. Interestingly, a second paper from Portugal published 3 years later confirmed this particularly high level of JCV positivity (Table 1). The prevalence of JCV in patients with NMO was assessed in only 1 study, which was conducted in Korea. Positivity for anti-JCV antibodies did not show any continental patterns of distribution, as shown in Table 1 and Figure 1. The systematic review collected data on 29,319 patients with MS/NMO and found that 57.1% of them (16,730 individuals) were seropositive for the anti-JCV antibody.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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367,154 |
In Sect. 2, we set up the stage by offering some disanalogies between the degree structure of ceers and that of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta ^0_2$$\end{document}Δ20 equivalence relations. We also prove that infinitely many levels of the Ershov hierarchy contain minimal c-degrees. In Sect. 3, we focus on dark degrees, i.e., c-degrees not being above the identity on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\omega $$\end{document}ω: we show that all levels of the Ershov hierarchy, with the exception of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Pi ^{-1}_1$$\end{document}Π1-1, contain dark equivalence relations. Sections 4 and 5 are devoted to the existence of infima and suprema of c-degrees of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta ^0_2$$\end{document}Δ20-equivalence relations: we introduce the notion of mutual darkness and prove that, if \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$R,S \in \Sigma ^{-1}_a\smallsetminus \Pi ^{-1}_a$$\end{document}R,S∈Σa-1\Πa-1 are mutually dark, then R, S have no infimum in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Sigma ^{-1}_a\smallsetminus \Pi ^{-1}_a$$\end{document}Σa-1\Πa-1 and no supremum in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta ^0_2$$\end{document}Δ20. It follows that none of the degree structures considered in this paper is neither upper- or a lower-semilattice.
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246,564 |
The Afya Bora Consortium fellowship curricula has been designed to accommodate working health professionals, covering a wide variety of required content within a period of one year. Despite the period of the fellowship being short, fellows have been faced with difficulties of getting protected leave from employers to pursue activities for the fellowship. This has ended up limiting some fellows who have wished to complete the curriculum. The other major limitation of the fellowship is funding, and this has affected sustainability.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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191,087 |
Data input to WASP was provided on punched cards and, in later versions, ASCII files with card image format. Each Card Group (A, B, etc.; Figure 3) had specific input associated with it. This input structure was preserved in WASP input files over the next several decades. Two card groups were provided for specifying a print interval (the total number of printouts had to be less than 41), the system (state variable) and segment combinations to be output (maximum of 8) and display variables.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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188,419 |
The main aim of this research was to evaluate the use of antipsychotic drugs in patients with accompanying treatment for dementia in actual clinical practice in primary health care. We further sought to analyze risk variables and factors that were associated with these patients and to acknowledge how sociodemographic and clinical factors weighed on adverse effects occurrence.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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132,812 |
The QWL among healthcare staff during COVID-19 pandemic was low. Demographic factors were mainly the determinants for a higher QWL while the variable of extra working hours was a determinant of lower QWL. Based on our findings, no COVID-19 related variables were observed to significantly affect the quality of work life of the healthcare staff. It could be said that the factors that contributed to a lower QWL were similar to the ones reported previously. Hence, this occurrence present an opportunity to further improve the service as such factors have been repeatedly observed. Addressing these factors may improve the standard of patient care that continues to be the aim of every healthcare service provider.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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173,928 |
Cluster 5 on the elastic map included genomes that are not related either by the diseases caused by these viruses or by taxonomy, but the radius of this cluster was rather long (0.019), and on the tree, these genomes, as expected, were in completely different clusters. It agreed with classification by K-means.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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10,284 |
In WA, the responsibility for notification lies with the attending healthcare provider . In addition, diagnostic laboratories responsible for notifiable disease testing are also required to report detections of such pathogens . Both groups are encouraged to complete a disease notification regardless of whether the case has been reported previously by another party, with duplicates managed by the WA Department of Health . These data are stored on the Western Australian Notifiable Infectious Diseases Database (WANIDD) .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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158,066 |
The CV of pixel values of FVC, FEV1, FIVC, FIV1, and VT exhibited higher values in patients than in healthy subjects (Figure 2). The differences were highly significant with p < 0.0001 for FVC, FEV1, FIVC, and FIV1 and p = 0.0001 for VT. The GI indices of pixel values of FVC, FEV1, FIVC, FIV1, and VT were also higher in patients than in healthy subjects (all p < 0.0001) (Figure 3). The CV and GI values of all five regional EIT parameters were normally distributed in the healthy subjects but not in the patients with COPD.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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323,079 |
When the antisocial behavior scores obtained in the B-ABS were compared across countries, we found higher antisocial behavior in Argentina, followed by Spain, USA and the Netherlands. These results contrast with the hypothesis than individualistic countries (e.g., USA and the Netherlands) have higher antisocial behavior than the collectivistic ones (e.g., Argentina and Spain) [15, 16]. In addition, it is partially supported that income inequality hypothesis could enhance antisocial behavior [17, 18], as the sample of youths from Netherlands, the country with lower income inequality [based on the Gini index of the World Bank estimate, 55], showed the lowest antisocial behavior rate while Argentina, the country with higher income inequality, showed the highest antisocial behavior score. However, it is important to note that the mean differences in the mean levels of antisocial behavior between the Netherlands and the rest of the countries were low, and that the sample size of the Netherlands was the smallest one in the study. Thus, additional studies should further explore if the differences in the income inequality are related or not with the higher/lower rates of antisocial behavior across countries.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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56,073 |
1) The Results section is not clearly structured and the differences between the different treatments were only clear after reading it several times. I suggest to restructure this section and provide the reader with a short overview of what has been tested in which experiment at the beginning of this section, which should also mention the predictions.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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100,281 |
Considering the detouring path forming a gap to the target may be obstructed, which can’t be identified directly from current visual angle of FLS, so the type coefficient is introduced as the reliability factor. If there is a detection point Si between a gap that satisfies the condition Si = 0, which means the gap is unobstructed from the current visual of angle FLV, take λb = 1; otherwise take λb = 0.5. The weight function λc is considered a comprehensive factor that includes safety, reliability and efficiency. After the detour direction is decided, a temporary waypoint needs to be designed, which is solved by the following rules:(a)If the width of gap is smaller than 8 Lo, choosing the midpoint of the gap as waypoint;(b)If the width of gap is larger than 8 Lo, choosing the point as waypoint where the ADT is the least and the distance from AUV to two border points of the gap is larger than 4 Lo.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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32,359 |
Nuclear MMPs are found in disease cases.Nuclear localization signal is identified in MMP.Some membrane-bound MMPs contain nuclear localization signal.Nuclear localization signal is conserved among MMPs, and is comparable to transmembrane domain for conservation among membrane-bound MMPs in different animals.Nuclear localization of MMP induces cell death.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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211,944 |
To be clear, the second positively charged groove is clearly visible but its function is only speculated. What is certain is that crystal structures of isolated YTH domains in complex with usually short RNA chains (which is required to generate crystalizing complexes) show clearly the m6A recognition ability but fall short to truly explain interactions with extended RNA chains or in the context of larger complexes such as in our case the CPSF complex. These complexes are quite modular and can possibly adapt to different RNA motifs and secondary structures. As such, alternative binding modes are possible. To further expand on this point, we have now added an additional sentence within the discussion (Line 717).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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382,344 |
Although not a core component of bite-sized learning, peer teaching is a key component of BST as described here. While faculty and near peer speakers such as medical students and fellows have also participated in BST conferences as speaker, most BST conferences employ resident speakers. Peer teaching was one of the components of BST ranked by learners as most important behind relevant, distilled content and multiple short talk format. The use of peer teaching in BST was intentional as this provided speakers with an active learning experience . Meta-analysis of peer teaching in medical education found comparable impact on knowledge and skills outcomes with peer compared to faculty teaching but noted peer teaching provided benefits in terms of developing teaching skills .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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268,160 |
In conclusion, we found that elevated levels of suPAR, but not hsCRP, were associated with development and severity of AKI following on-pump cardiac surgery. Future experimental studies are warranted in order to further investigate the role of suPAR in the underlying pathophysiology of AKI with the potential to develop a targeted intervention.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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268,785 |
In particular, back-splicing becomes more prevalent when canonical splicing is inhibited/impaired . For instance, depletion or pharmacological inhibition of the core spliceosome factor splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) increased the expression levels of circRNAs, and concomitantly decreased the expression of their linear counterparts . A similar effect on circular/linear RNA ratio is observed upon depletion of the pre-mRNA 3′-end processing factor cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 3 (CPSF73). In this case, the limiting amounts of CPSF73 lead to inhibition of transcription termination due to formation of readthrough transcripts, which undergo back-splicing events and generate numerous circRNAs . Another important piece of experimental evidence of the coupling between splicing efficiency and transcript circularization was provided by the observation that back-splicing propensity is positively correlated with the elongation rate of RNA pol II , which is known to change the outcome of many splicing events .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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88,666 |
Evolution of total asymmetric flux \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{\alpha \beta }^{tr}={\int }_{0}^{2\pi }{{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{\alpha \beta }(\theta )\,\sin \theta d\theta $$\end{document}Σαβtr=∫02πΣαβ(θ)sinθdθ with skyrmion size for an electron scattering on a magnetic skyrmion with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q=+1$$\end{document}Q=+1, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\varkappa =+1$$\end{document}ϰ=+1. The exchange splitting is fixed \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\rm{\Delta }}\mathrm{/2}E\mathrm{=0.3}$$\end{document}Δ/2E=0.3. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\rm{\Sigma }}}_{\alpha \beta }^{tr}$$\end{document}Σαβtr is given in units of skyrmion radius \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$a\mathrm{/2}$$\end{document}a/2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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37,721 |
4) The discussion in the last paragraph of the subsection “Electrotonic Structure in Circuit Context" contrasts the authors' present results and interpretations with results from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, where distance dependent attenuation of synaptic potentials is compensated via an increase in postsynaptic AMPA receptors (not voltage-gated conductances, as stated in the manuscript). In neocortical pyramidal neurons, though, distance dependent compensation for much of the dendritic voltage attenuation of synaptic events arises from the passive electrotonic structure of the dendritic arbor (e.g. Williams and Stuart 2002). It seems to me that either or both of these mechanisms could potentially explain the current findings. Given that neither of these mechanisms is explored directly in the current study, I don't know that the authors are in a strong position to argue that GM neurons operate differently.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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243,547 |
To determine if the genetic modifiers of tau levels identified in the screen could also modify tau levels in vivo, TCS1, a candidate gene identified from primary and validation screens in neuroblastoma cells, and further validated in neurons, was selected for in vivo validation. For this a neuronal Tsc1 cKO mouse model of tuberous sclerosis was characterized to determine the effect on tau protein levels in the brain. This model used a CaMKII promoter to drive Cre recombination-dependent Tsc1 knockout in neurons and show elevated levels of mTOR signaling40. Forebrains were dissected from postnatal mice at day 30 and day 38, proteins were extracted and protein levels measured using quantitative western blot analysis. Consistent with published data, we observed an age dependent increase of pS6 levels in the brain of Tsc1 cKO mice compared to control animals (Fig. 4a) indicating elevated mTOR signaling. In parallel, a significant increase of tau protein was observed in the brain of Tsc1 cKO mice (Fig. 4b). Here, we confirmed the increase of tau protein by conditionally knocking out Tsc1 in an in vivo model. These data demonstrated the utility of using this unbiased screening approach to identify genes modulating tau biology. Future studies will be essential to explore additional candidate genes and pathways identified from this genome-wide screen.Fig. 4TSC1 knockout in mice increased tau protein levels.a Phosphorylation of S6 (Serine 240/244) levels at postnatal day 30 (p30, squares) and postnatal day 38 (p38, triangles) compared to aged matched Cre- control mice (circles). Western blot data is represented as mean ± SEM, as the percentage of control animals. Each data point represents an individual animal. b Total tau levels at p30 (squares) and p38 (triangles) compared to aged matched Cre- control mice (circles). Data is represented as ng of tau protein/mg total protein ± SEM. One-way ANOVA was performed; ****p < 0.0001 as compared to control. Each data point represents an individual animal.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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175,504 |
A total of 5,411 patients from MIMIC-III database were included who underwent CABG according to ICD-9 code. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients with more than one ICU admissions (n = 404); (2) either BUN or albumin values were absent at admission (n = 2,617); (3) patients in the metavision system (n = 928). Finally, a total of 1,462 patients who were followed for at least 4-year were included in the study population.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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68,143 |
Present models of record linkage use trusted third parties (TTPs) or data linkage units (DLUs) to accurately match records using personal identifiers (12). Incorporating information from new and diverse data sources into these linkage frameworks are likely to have significant benefits to research; however, the operational and administrative overheads are substantial. Technical issues (i.e., scalability, efficiency) and effects on linkage quality (accuracy) will also be impacted and need to be assessed.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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30,549 |
Detection of tumour EGFR mutations in plasma. EGFR mutation status in tumour samples was documented in the clinical record for 43 patients (Appendix Table S1), of which 38 had verified hotspot activating mutations (deletion in exon 19 for 23 patients and the L858R mutation for 15 patients), three patients had other mutations in EGFR (one of these patients had two different mutations detected in the tumour sample), and two patients were wild‐type for EGFR according to tumour analysis and confirmed by plasma analysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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214,136 |
Evidence from genetically modified mouse models demonstrate that the anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor actions of topical GCs are mediated to a great extent through negative interference between epidermal GR and the MAPKs . Upon topical application of PMA, mice with constitutive or adult-induced deletion of epidermal GR featured enhanced skin inflammation together with increases in p38 and ERK activities as well as in downstream expression of AP-1-target genes, relative to controls . Also, when topical GCs were applied in combination with PMA, epidermal GR KO mice but not controls were partially resistant to the GC therapeutic actions . The over-activation of MAPK/AP-1 activities was due to keratinocyte-autonomous actions upon GR loss, as shown in immortalized keratinocyte cell lines with GR deficiency, in which re-insertion of GR restored the altered MAPK activity to levels close to controls . In addition, mice harboring a mutation that impairs GR SUMOylation (GR-K310 in mice/GR-K293 in humans) exhibited more severe responses to topical PMA and partial resistance to topically applied GCs highlighting the importance of this PTM for inhibition of NF-κB- and AP-1-transcriptional activities .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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54,393 |
Although insightful, requisite studies thus far have lacked a broader perspective of in situ microbial metabolic capabilities and, importantly, activities. In addition, reports on biofilm community structure and their potential function and potential contribution to corrosion are scarce (Stevenson et al., 2011; Lenhart et al., 2014). Recent advances in DNA sequencing methods (Buermans and den Dunnen, 2014) and rapid progress in techniques of mass spectrometry, in particular metabolomics (Patti et al., 2012; Monteiro et al., 2013), have greatly enhanced our capacity to interrogate both the metabolic potential and the actual metabolic activity of biofilm communities implicated in corrosion (Bonifay et al., 2013; Sunner and Beech, 2015).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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393,278 |
A total of 64 patients (32 per randomised group) will be enrolled into the study. This will comprise eight patients per GP practice, and random selection will be used if more than eight patients are available in a practice. This size of sample is recommended to allow the standard deviation (SD) of the continuous outcome EuroQol 5-dimension, 5-level health survey (EQ-5D-5 L) to be determined at a sufficient level of accuracy while minimising the number of patients required in the pilot [14, 15].
| 4 | 0biomedical
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163,069 |
AFM probes (CP-qp-Scont Nanosensors, Watsonville, CA, USA) with borosilicate glass beads (1.5 μm) were functionalized with mucins. Before the mucin-modified tips were prepared, the cantilever spring constant was calibrated by using a thermal K method program equipped with IGOR Pro 6.04 (Wavemetrics, Osewego, OR, USA). The spring constant of the probes was of 0.01 nN/Nm. The tips were first placed in a PSD-UV UV-ozone cleaner (Novascan, Phoenix, AZ, USA) for 8 h, immersed in 1% ethanol solution for 4 h and rinsed with deionized water, then immersed in 10% glutaraldehyde water solution for 2 h and washed with deionized water. Finally, the tips were immersed in a solution with 2 mg/mL mucin from porcine stomach (Sigma Aldrich), which was prepared by adding 200 mg mucin to 100 mL deionized water. After 8 h of incubation, the tips were placed in a PBS solution. Preliminary experiments confirmed that the tip was covered with mucin (data not shown). Tips were rinsed with deionized water before use.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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272,054 |
As aforementioned, free AA is generated upon activation of agonists, such as acetylcholine, and then forms LOX metabolites, such as 12-HETE and 15-HETE, which function as endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) in arteries of rodents, rabbits, pigs, dogs, and humans, contributing to relaxation . In addition, 20-HETE mediates contractile response through activation of Rho-kinase and sensitizes vascular SMCs to constrictors such as Ang II, phenylephrine, and endothelin . By contrast, 20-HETE produced by vascular endothelium induces relaxation in pulmonary arteries through activation of eNOS .
| 5 | 0biomedical
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232,426 |
Level of parental stress: assessed by Parental stress scale . It has 17 items with a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree and it assesses levels of parental stress. Total score ranges from 0 to 63 and is obtained by the sum of the value for each item. Assessment will be carried out on the 8th–9th month of pregnancy and on the 4th, 6th, 12th and 18th month after delivery.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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351,347 |
With the exception of ϕSa2wa-st78, the bacteriophages had inserted into a gene within a cluster of three or four open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a putative domain of unknown function (DUF)1672 lipoprotein , one downstream of the integration site and two or three upstream. The four DUF1672 domain-containing proteins of ϕSa2wa-st72 had amino acid similarity scores of 61.1–79.7% indicating they were paralogues. There was variability in the truncated ORF. ϕSa2wa-st1, -st5, -st59, -st772 and the ϕSa2USA/ϕSa2wa-st93 group had truncated the 3' end of an ORF encoding a lipoprotein_7 superfamily domain-containing protein (54.5–100% nt identity and 55.6–100% amino acid similarity) which variably also encoded a structural maintenance of the chromosome SMC_N domain (ϕSa2wa-st1, -st5, -st59 and -st72). ϕSa2wa-st22, -st30, -st80 and -st121mssa, had truncated an ORF encoding a hypothetical protein (HP) which was in the same position as the lipoprotein_7 domain ORF but lacked the lipoprotein_7 domain. ORFs truncated by ϕSa2wa-st22, -st30 and -st80 had 82.2–94% nt identity however, the ORF truncated by ϕSa2wa-st121mssa had only 26.4–36.2% nt identity. Immediately upstream of all prophages except ϕSa2wa-st78 was an ORF encoding a 62-aa HP whose sequence indicated that it was the 3' terminal of the truncated lipoprotein_7 protein ORF, when compared with the intact lipoprotein_7 domain-encoding ORF of WA2RNSH95 (not shown).
| 5 | 0biomedical
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101,528 |
The NCD ensures traceability of its data by maintaining continuity in the staff who approve data, the staff of the departments in charge of annual cases, and the data entry personnel. It also validates data consistency via random inspections by participating institutions. All variables, definitions, and inclusion criteria for the NCD are accessible to participating institutions on its website (http://www.ncd.or.jp/); the database administrators also provide e-learning systems to teach participants how to input data consistently. The administrators answer all inquiries regarding data entry, and “Frequently Asked Questions” are displayed on the website.
| 2 | 0biomedical
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188,149 |
Macrophages obtained from either control or drug-treated mice were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 ng per well, BIO-Whittaker, Walkersville, MD, USA) in half of the wells, and then, cells were cultured at a concentration of 2 × 106 cells per well in 2 mL of RPMI1640 with 5% FCS at 37 °C and 5% CO2 for 24 h. The resulting culture supernatants were collected for evaluation of the concentration of NO and IL-12p40. The concentration of nitrites and nitrates was analyzed in freshly collected supernatants in a method based on a modified Griess reaction . The concentration of IL-12p40 was measured in supernatants stored previously at −80 °C, with the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Mouse IL-12p40 BD OptEIATM Set, BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s guidelines.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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199,682 |
Currently, adjuvant chemotherapy is administered empirically, and the individual survival benefit of this approach is still questionable in PDAC (Kleeff et al., 2016). Thus, we wondered whether the 7-gene signature could precisely predict chemotherapy sensitivity and provide references for clinical practice. As shown in Figure 6A, patients in the low-risk group had significantly higher response rates to adjuvant chemotherapy than patients in the high-risk group in the PACA-CA cohort (94 vs 70%, p < 0.001). A similar trend was seen in the TCGA cohort (55 vs 32%, p = 0.001, Figure 6B). In patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, the proposed signature could efficaciously capture the DFS differences between low-risk and high-risk groups in both cohorts (Figures 6C,D). However, the predictive power of the model was weakened when applied to patients who had not received adjuvant chemotherapy. As shown in Figure 6E, DFS difference between high-risk and low-risk groups of this subset of patients was not significant in the PACA-CA cohort (p = 0.14). In the TCGA cohort, DFS difference was also not strongly trustworthy (p = 0.034, Figure 6F).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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372,983 |
Around 400 BC, Hippocrates was the first to realize the importance of food and diet in the primary and secondary prevention of disease.1 His moto, ‘let thy food be thy medicine and thy medicine be thy food’ has been followed for many centuries, and proved that dietary manipulations are effective in the management of several diseases and conditions.2–5
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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79,800 |
According to phylogenetic inferences (Figs 2 and 4), the donor of the RIP gene was, most likely a prokaryotic organism. An obvious donor candidate for insects is Wolbachia spp, since several HGT events between these bacteria and arthropods have been clearly documented32–34. It is expected that animal genomes are marginally affected by HGT because of the separation of the germline from somatic cells. This barrier to HGT -known as Weismann barrier- is not present in the case of bacteria infecting germline cells as Wolbachia spp, which is consistent with the relatively high number of Wolbachia to insect HGT events16. However, no RIP encoding sequences can be found in any of the Wolbachia spp databases (including 27 fully sequenced genomes). Interestingly, HMMER searches showed hypothetical proteins harboring the RIP domain on Tenericutes class, specifically in Spiroplasma species. The fact that Spiroplasma species lack a cell wall and are frequent endosymbionts of arthropods makes them logical donor candidates. However, considering Spiroplasma sp. as donor involves two major drawbacks. Spiroplasma coding sequences harbor very low GC content (around 23%), whereas Culicinae RIP genes range from 39.8% to 55.6% (Table 1). Secondly, Spiroplasma spp. and some species of Millicutes use a non-universal UGA tryptophan codon. This variation in the genetic code is presumed to have occurred in the early divergence of these genera (dating 250 mya approximately)35 while the Culicinae subfamily has diverged more recently (between 51 to 204 mya)36, 37. Therefore, the transferred genes containing the non-universal UGA tryptophan codons would be read as a stop. Although GC content of a transferred functional gene could be gradually modified by amelioration, the reversion of several nonsense codons to Trp does not seem plausible. Therefore, these pieces of evidence lead us to reject that Culicinae RIP genes are derived from Spiroplasma.Table 1GC content analysis.OrganismRIP nameGenBankGC %Average GC* Culex quinquefasciatus RIPcuXM_001850821.153.751.07% Culex pipiens RIPpiKX67469755.652.48% Aedes aegypti RIPaeIXM_001650114.150.750.65%RIPaeI LIKEAAGE02007824 44.8RIPaeIIXM_001658803.139.8 Aedes albopictus RIPalIJXUM01048494 50.953.2%RIPalIIJXUM01048494 50.2RIPalIIIJXUM01048511 46.5RIPalIVJXUM01048511 46.9RIPalVJXUM01085134 45.5RIPalVIJXUM01090901 46.8RIPalVIIJXUM01090901 47.2 Spiroplasma poulsonii JHEG02000036.126.324.90%JTLV01000005.125.3 Tolypothrix sp JHEG02000036.138.141.73% Calothrix sp CP003610.135.845.97% Ancestral RIP Aedes 51.1 Ancestral RIP Culex 54.5 Ancestral RIP metazoan 55.4The GC content of RIP genes was calculated using DNA/RNA GC Content Calculator (http://www.endmemo.com/bio/gc.php). *The average of GC content in coding regions was obtained from the codon usage database (http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon/).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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|
367,094 |
The ReHo calculation procedure was the same as that reported in previous studies (Zang et al., 2004). ReHo can be used to measure the degree of local regional neural activity coherence. In short, it was calculated as the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (or Kendall’s W) of the time course of a given voxel with those of its nearest neighbors (26 voxels). For the purpose of standardization, the ReHo value of each voxel was divided by the global mean ReHo value. Finally, the resulting ReHo images were spatially smoothed with a 6 mm FWHM Gaussian kernel.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
92,540 |
A. Reduced serum (10% to 2% FCS) was applied to Huh-7 and HeLa cells for 48 hrs. Bodipy 505/515 (i) and Oil Red O (ii) were used to stain neutral lipid in both Huh-7 and HeLa cells. Images of fixed cells were captured using a Nikon Eclipse Ti-E microscope at 20X and 40X magnification respectively. DAPI counterstaining was also used to visualise cell nuclei. B. Following visualisation of bodipy stained cells, quantification of fluorescence intensity was performed using NIS Elements AR v.3.22. ***p < 0.001 C. Cells were grown in low serum conditions (2% FCS) for 72 hrs. Rapamycin (RAPA) and Chloroquine (CQ) were used as a positive control for the induction of autophagy. Membranes were probed with anti-LC3 specific antibody and anti-rabbit HRP. Membranes scanned using Amersham 600 chemiluminescence imager (i); Densitometry was performed using Image J analysis (ii) D. LD number was reduced in Huh-7 and HeLa cells by reducing FCS in media to 2% for 48 hrs prior to experiment, representative by time 0. Cells were then returned to 10% FCS media at commencement for experiment, and fixed at the indicated time points. Cells were stained with Bodipy 505/515 and DAPI prior to imaging using a Nikon Eclipse Ti-E microscope at 20X magnification (i), and subsequent image analysis using NIS elements (ii).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
236,839 |
For comparison data on WBC, procalcitonin and CRP were collected. Mean values (0–24 h) for WBC were; 11.7 ± 4.5 (mild AP), 12.9 ± 5.8 (moderately severe AP) and 16.8 ± 4.1 (severe AP). The difference between severity groups was significant (p = 0.01) when comparing the severe AP group with the mild and moderately severe groups. Mean values (0–24) for procalcitonin were; 1.86 ± 3.9 (mild AP), 1.46 ± 3.1 (moderately severe AP) and 0.78±1.2 (severe AP). No significant differences between the groups were found. Mean values for CRP on 0–24 h were; 44.9 ± 57.1 (mild AP), 90.3 ± 94.3 (moderately severe AP), 170 ± 110.6 (severe AP) and on 25–48 h; 115.8 ± 95.1 (mild AP), 264.0 ± 126.0 (moderately severe AP) and 302.3 ± 147.0 (severe AP). All CRP groups differed significantly; mild AP versus moderately and severe AP (0–24 h, p = 0.0001 and 25–48 h, p = 0.001) as well as severe AP versus the mild and moderately severe groups (0–24 h, p = 0.0001 and 25–48 h, p = 0.005).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
276,399 |
(A) The user interface for PCA. (B) An interactive panel of OMnalysis to generate PCA plots and download them. (C) A variable PCA plot that shows the variability and contribution of genes among treatments. Lesser is the angle between two arrows higher is the positive correlation. (D) Biplot PCA presenting biomarkers and variability using the first two principal components.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
277,047 |
In one particular guideline development, GC9, lay involvement appeared limited by concern on the part of health professionals that the priorities of lay members do not always converge with the best interests of patients. This concern seemed to restrict lay member involvement in health outcome selection.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
121,261 |
Each row represents a mutated gene and each column represents an individual tumor. Shown in green blocks are non-synonymous, non truncating variants which could represent gain-of-function mutations. Shown in black are predicted inactivating mutations, including truncating mutations, essential splice-site variants, and nonsense mutations. A: Candidate driver mutations, B: additional recurrent mutations.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
102,101 |
Validity is another integral psychometric property of any instrument. Principal component analysis was used to assess the construct validity. Only one component emerged from the principal component analysis and factor loading for all 5 items of the instrument was above 0.3. It is evident that all 5 items are contributing meaningfully to the emerged component. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between MDAS score and VAS score. Patients who had high MDAS score also had high VAS score. Such a high correlation between this instrument and VAS, which is an established instrument , is suggestive of excellent convergent validity of this instrument.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
119,892 |
A miniature analytical thermal cycling instrument (MATCI) has been developed by Northrup et al. By the use of silicon reaction chambers, several amplicons could be successfully amplified and detected in real-time with EtBr. The heaters are integrated in the system, and the whole PCR and detection setup fits into a briefcase .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
59,840 |
The Elekta Precise linacs in our clinic deliver 6, 10, and 18 MV photons with PDD10 of 68.3%, 73.1%, and 79.5%, respectively. Measurements were performed with a parallel plate (PP) ionization chamber (PS‐033, Capintec, Ramsey, NJ) possessing an entry window thickness of 0.5 mg/cm2, a plate separation of 2 mm, and a collecting diameter of 16.2 mm. For each measurement point, the relative ionization was acquired by dividing the charge collected at depth, via a modified Keithley electrometer (Modified K602, CNMC Co., Nashville, TN), by the charge at the depth of dmax and then corrected to PDD by correcting for bias effects and using the Gerbi method to account for chamber characteristics. 13 This was accomplished in the following method: Bias Correction: All ionization readings were corrected by first accounting for bias effects where,
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
19,607 |
A total of 617 primary NSCLC patients who underwent surgery in Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between November 2006 and December 2009 were retrospectively enrolled. Surgeries were operated by experienced surgeons of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and all patients were histologically confirmed to have NSCLC. Patients with infection or other inflammatory conditions were excluded from this study. Most patients had complete clinicopathological data including age, sex, smoking status, BMI, histological type, tumor grade and clinical stage. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients before surgery.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
239,644 |
CHIKV-infected and control mouse tissues were processed and stained for histology. CHIKV lesions were scored on a scale from 0 to 4 (0 = None/WNL(Within Normal Limits); 1 = Minimal; 2 = Mild; 3 = Moderate; 4 = Severe). Highlighted findings are considered non-incidental.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
376,942 |
Embryos from crosses between chordin-/- and +/- fish were immunostained at an early gastrula stage (7 hpf) for pSmad5, while siblings were assayed by FISH for the 3 target genes (S9C–S9E Fig). The pSmad5 gradient and FISH domains were quantitated blindly, followed by genotyping for the chordin mutation. The gradient of pSmad5 is expanded laterally in chordin mutants compared to the wild-type siblings (Fig 4C), as previously shown . The expression domains of the 3 target genes were also significantly expanded laterally in chordin mutants (Fig 4D–4F, S9B Fig).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
301,031 |
Similarly, in ‘Tommy Atkins’, a diametric decrease was observed during the warmest part of the day, starting between 8:30 and 9:15 and ending between 17:00 and 17:45. Subsequently, a constant increase in diameter was recorded during the observation periods (Figure 4). Only in period III, between 91 and 96 DAFB (Figure 4 III), reduced and irregular diameter fluctuations were detected. This occurred in correspondence with intense rainfall events between 29 August and 3 September, i.e., when RH was >90% and VPD reached 0.21 kPa (Figure 1). According to Torres Ruiz et al. , supplying water when kiwi vines are experiencing stressing environmental conditions, e.g., very high transpiration rates, can influence fruit volume growth in the following days, causing a marked reduction of daily fluctuations. About two days later, RH, temperature and VPD values returned to the typical values of the period and fruits gradually resumed regular daily fluctuations and growth (Figure 4 III).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
327,772 |
The attention bias test arena consisted of a 4 × 4.2 m area with 1.8 m high opaque walls and a concrete floor (Figure 1). A photograph of the arena is shown in Monk et al. . An approximately life-size photograph of an unfamiliar Merino sheep was positioned on one wall of the arena. A high-quality copy of the photograph was made available for download by Monk et al. . On the wall opposite the conspecific photo was a small window, behind which a dog sat or stood quietly. The dog was an approximately 10-year-old male border collie and was the same dog that was used in Monk et al. and Monk et al. . The dog was visible at the beginning of the test when an individual sheep entered the arena through a gate. A timer began once the gate was closed and the sheep had made visual contact with the dog, evidenced by the test animal orienting its head directly towards the dog and exhibiting a freezing response. The dog remained visible for 3 s, then an opaque cover was lowered over the window, the dog was removed and the sheep remained in the arena for 3 min while behavioral observations were made (Table 1). A video is provided in the Supplementary Materials to demonstrate how the beginning of the test is conducted and to give examples of key behaviors recorded during testing (Supplementary Video S1). Sheep were also monitored for abnormal behaviors, including shaking of the tail, head, or body, ataxic gait, and head rolling, which have been observed previously in sheep treated with mCPP .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
193,628 |
By detecting the back-splicing junctions (BSJs) of circRNAs with deep sequencing, short-read RNA sequencing discriminates circRNAs with low expression (as low as 1% polyadenylated RNA; Salzman et al., 2013) from their linear cognates. The full-length sequences of short circRNAs (<500 nt) can be inferred from a patchwork of BSJs and short fragments via bioinformatic approaches (Zheng et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2019b). However, a full understanding of circRNA isoforms is impossible by using short reads. Single-molecule long-read sequencing has shown methodological advances in identifying circRNAs at the isoform level. Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) sequencing has been applied to PCR products for target full-length circRNA sequences in a low-throughput and high-cost way (You et al., 2015). Very recently, several Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT)-based methods have also been employed in genome-wide full-length circRNA reconstruction (Rahimi et al., 2019; Xin et al., 2021a; Zhang et al., 2021a).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
67,225 |
We considered possible mechanisms by which GNE activity could result in changes in N-linked glycan structure. Initially, we focused on the possibility that GNE activity might deplete UDP-GlcNAc levels, resulting in less UDP-GlcNAc available to serve as substrates for enzymes, like MGAT5, which catalyzes production of branched glycans. Although K20 cells overexpressing full-length GNE typically displayed a lower steady-state UDP-GlcNAc level than cells overexpressing only the kinase domain (see Fig. 6A, for example), this effect was modest and not always significant. Furthermore, supplementing GNE-deficient cells with Ac4ManNAc or ManNAc was sufficient to cause a significant reduction in N-linked glycan branching, suggesting that the effects on N-linked glycan structure are not due solely to depletion of UDP-GlcNAc levels. Similarly, supplementing GNE-expressing cells with GlcNAc resulted in dramatic increases in UDP-GlcNAc levels but yielded no or small increases in N-linked glycan branching (Fig. 7). Indeed, it seems unlikely that the total amount of UDP-GlcNAc consumed by GNE would be sufficient to significantly perturb steady-state levels of this abundant metabolite. Thus, although GNE activity may affect UDP-GlcNAc levels and also flux through the HBP, these effects seem insufficient to mechanistically account for the entirety of observed changes in N-linked glycan structure. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that GNE activity perturbs local UDP-GlcNAc concentrations within the cell, which could limit the ability of key branching enzymes to access this substrate, a phenomenon observed by Mkhikian et al. (34).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
315,030 |
As seen in previous reports, we found the binding of Ca2+ to N-cTnC to be driven by entropy and unfavorable enthalpy (Table S2) (64, 65). The favorable ΔS may be due in part to the hydration enthalpy of Ca2+, which is thought to be on the order of ∼375 kcal ∗ mol−1 and slightly lower than that of Mg2+ (∼460 kcal ∗ mol−1) (67). It is also possible that the endothermic nature of these interactions results from other factors such as the exchange of protons that are transferred from the ligand to the buffer upon Ca2+ binding (61).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
205,746 |
In order to conduct a systematic comparison of the out-of-sample predictive validity of international COVID-19 forecasting models, a number of issues must be addressed. Looking across models, a high degree of heterogeneity can be observed in numerous dimensions, including sources of input data, frequency of public releases of model estimates, geographies included in the results and how far into the future predictions are made available. Differences in each of these areas must be taken into account, in order to provide a fair and relevant comparison.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
281,013 |
Viral entry is an important process of the viral life cycle. The HCoV entry process consists of several steps: (1) receptor binding, (2) proteolytic activation of the spike (S) protein, and (3) virus fusion with and entry into the host cell. All of these steps can serve as targets for the development of viral fusion/entry inhibitors .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
212,802 |
The parameters of these equations were chosen to mimic the glutamatergic discharges observed in the experiments: rrs = 0.003 ms−1, τrs = 1500 ms, rrN = 0.00007 ms−1, τrN = 52,000 ms. Thus, the fraction of available NMDARs, χNMDA, has much slower dynamics than χsyn.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
153,010 |
A Experimental scheme: Rats received i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ1–42 (10 μL each side, 75 μM) under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia. Two weeks after single i.c.v. injection of soluble Aβ1-42, the animals were re-anaesthetized with urethane and in vivo electrophysiology (EP) experiments were performed. B Application of a peri-threshold weak LFS (bar, LFS-300; 300 high-intensity pulses at 1 Hz) induced robust and stable LTD in Aβ1–42-injected rats. One hour post systemic administration of the selective mGluR5 antagonist MTEP (hash; 3 mg/kg, i.p.) completely prevented the induction of LTD by LFS-300 in animals injected i.c.v. with soluble Aβ1–42. In contrast, systemic injection of the NMDAR competitive antagonist CPP (hash;10 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect the induction of LTD by LFS-300 in animals injected i.c.v. with soluble Aβ1–42. As summarized in (C), the EPSP at 1.5 h measured 71.9 ± 3.7% in Aβ1–42 + Veh group (n = 4, P = 0.0019 compared with Pre, paired t), 95.5 ± 5.8% in Aβ1–42 + MTEP group (n = 5, P = 0.6185 compared with Pre and P = 0.0171 compared with Aβ1-42 + Veh group; paired t and one-way ANOVA) and 68.6 ± 5.8% in Aβ1–42 + CPP group (n = 4, P = 0.0092 compared with Pre, and P > 0.9999 compared with Aβ1–42 + Veh group; paired t and one-way ANOVA). Calibration bars for EPSP traces: vertical, 2 mV; horizontal, 10 ms.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
48,951 |
Roughly 20% of the human cerebral cortex responds to visual stimuli and large parts of visual cortex are organized as visual field maps: neighboring points in the visual field are represented on neighboring parts of cortex (Saygin and Sereno, 2008, Sereno and Huang, 2006, Wandell et al., 2007). Since the discovery of one such visual field map in the primary visual cortex (V1) (Holmes, 1918, Inouye, 1909) many other retinotopic maps have been identified in higher visual areas such as V2, V3, V4, V3A, and V5/hMT (Wandell et al., 2007).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
149,861 |
We applied the PERMA-profiler instrument, which contains 23 items categorized in five dimensions, each with three sub-items: (1) Positive emotions; (2) Engagement; (3) Positive Relationships; (4) Meaning; and (5) Accomplishment. The instrument also includes eight additional items: Negative Emotions (three items: sadness, anger, and anxiety); Self-perceived Physical Health (three items); one item assessing Overall Well-being and one for Loneliness. For the authors, the inclusion of negative emotions is important for considering both positive and negative elements of the mental health spectrum. The test was applied using a Likert-type scale from 1 to 10. An average score was calculated for each dimension (three sub-items each). The Spanish version of the instrument was validated in Chilean university students by Cobo-Rendón et al. , reporting consistency indices of the total scale and most of the components of α = 0.65 to 0.91 and ω = 0.66 to 0.92.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
211,350 |
Baseline characteristics of the patients included in our study are presented in Table 1. The study group included 52 patients (20 men and 32 women) with a median age of 59 years (range 42–79). L3-SMI in males at baseline ranged from 29.96 to 73.39 cm2/m2 (median 50.73 cm2/m2), whereas for women the baseline ranged from 21.74 to 60.52 cm2/m2 (median 37 cm2/m2). Considering the cut-off values specific for each sex, the overall percentage of patients with low L3-SMI value at baseline was 63.46% (33/52), with 80% (16/20) in the male group and 53.12% (17/32) in the female group.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
1,222 |
Ten nanograms of the pG10 expression vector were used as PCR template to amplify the full-length coding sequence of SLC2A10, from the Kozak consensus sequence to the last amino acid codon. The PCR product was gel-purified and directly inserted into the pEF6/V5-His-TOPO™ expression vector according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Prior to transfection, the pG10-tag plasmid was sequenced to verify the correct in-frame insertion of GLUT10 with the C-terminal V5-His amino acids present on the expression vector. Transient transfection of pG10-tag into skin fibroblasts of the ATS patient P1 was achieved using the TurboFect transfection reagent in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
2,390 |
Data were analyzed using custom-written scripts in Matlab (Mathworks, Natick, MA). Only data sections validated by video to be free of motion artifacts and in which the animal was awake (e.g. when body movements were observed) were used for further analysis. The raw data were notch-filtered at 60 Hz to remove line noise. A low-pass or high-pass filter with 300 Hz cut-off frequency (2nd order butterworth filter with the zero-lag) was used to extract LFP and MUA signals, respectively. The LFP spectrogram was computed by convolving LFP signals with a family of Morlet wavelets (0.5 to 120 Hz in 0.5 Hz steps). The mean power spectrum either across the whole recording session or in the burst periods (see below for the definition of burst periods) was estimated by averaging the square of the absolute value of the convolved signal across the time of interest. However, such estimation for low frequencies may be inaccurate if the time window is short. Thus, we only present results of the analysis on frequencies larger than 10 Hz for the power spectrum in burst periods. To account for the power law scaling of the LFP power spectrum, the power spectra were 1/f normalized by multiplying the each data point with its frequency. Spikes were extracted using a threshold of minus-five-times the standard deviation of the high-pass filtered signal. We used the method of a previous study38 to detect the burst events in neural data before eye-opening. Briefly, the inter-spike-interval (ITI) was calculated from the spike train of each spontaneous recording session (before eye-opening, ISI = 499.6 ± 1618.7 ms, mean ± SD; after eye-opening, ISI = 132.3 ± 418.8 ms). A burst was defined as a period within which: (1) the maximal ISI was less than 100 ms, and (2) a minimum of 10 spikes were counted.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
130,858 |
These findings likely explain the observations on mitochondrial dynamics/morphology and architecture associated with TIA1 deficiency and confirm and extend previous data . As TIA1 deficiency has functional consequences on mitochondrial morphology, we expanded our study to investigate whether other potential nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes were targeted by TIA1. To this end and given the experimental gap in the mouse database on the specific transcriptome of murine TIA1-binding sites, we performed a comparative study using the latest version of MitoCarta containing all human mitochondrial genes and in vivo binding sites for TIA1 substantiated from experimental TIA1-iCLIP (Figure 5A) and photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PARCLIP) biochemical analysis (Figure 5B). The results indicated that of 1136 human nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes (Figure 5A,B) versus the selective transcriptome of 2856 and 5505 human pre-mRNAs with TIA1 binding sites by iCLIP and PAR-CLIP analysis, respectively, 205 and 347 pre-mRNAs (18–30.5% of human nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes) were potential targets of TIA1 (Figure 5A,B, and Figures S1 and S2). In total, 111 genes were shared between the iCLIP and PARCLIP analysis (Figure 5C and Figure S2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
124,946 |
The urban forest service quality measures of visual quality and facility completeness has a direct positive impact on safety emotion and indirectly affects safety environment perception through safety emotion. Good visual quality can counteract the negative emotions of the visitors and bring them peace of mind. In one existing study, a charming natural landscape was also shown to influence tourists’ positive emotions . As a result, safety emotions can also be regarded as the premise that the natural landscape further produces other psychological benefits. Perfect facilities can meet the various recreational needs of tourists in the natural green space, while unsatisfied needs directly trigger their negative emotions, which affects their state of psychological safety. The same interpretation applies to visitors whose primary need is to enjoy the natural landscape of an urban forest. This finding is consistent with the conclusion of other empirical studies that satisfaction of basic needs negatively correlates with negative psychological states (such as anxiety and depression) . According to the model analysis findings (Table 6, Figure 4), facility completeness (0.359) has a greater impact on safety emotion than visual quality (0.243). It is normal for tourists to admire the natural scenery while visiting the forest green places. This is their primary objective for visiting the forest. When people enjoy their touring experience, they often overlook facilities. However, when tourists need to rest or find toilets, inadequate or non-existent facilities might leave tourists’ physiological needs unsatisfied. This impact further amplifies insecurity.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
281,255 |
In order to evaluate the reversibility of the inhibitory action, 10 mU of purified AR was incubated for 90 min at 0 °C in the presence of PE (3 mM) in order to completely inhibit AR activity. The mixture was then extensively dialysed on Amicon ultrafiltration membrane (cut-off 3 KDa) against 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0. After dialysis, the enzyme activity was again measured using 0.8 mM L-idose as substrate and compared to that of a mixture treated in the same conditions but in the absence of inhibitor. In order to evaluate the reversibility of the inhibitory action on PTP1B, 8 mU of PTP1B was incubated in the presence of a saturating concentration of PE (3 µM) and then incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. After this time, an aliquot of solution was withdrawn and extensively diluted in the assay buffer containing 2.5 mM of p-NPP. Residual activity of PTP1B was determined by calculating the amount of pNP released by measuring the absorbance of solution at 400 nm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
168,464 |
The present study tested three alternative hypotheses about the effects of daily fluctuations in self-efficacy and received support on daily fluctuations in the affect: higher than typical level of one resource (received support) (a) has a positive effect on daily affect (i.e. compensates for lower self-efficacy days; compensatory effect), or (b) has a negative effect on daily affect (i.e. threatens the affect on high self-efficacy days; interference effect), or (c) higher than typical level of both resources (received support and self-efficacy) has a combined positive effect on daily affect (synergistic effect). Besides the interaction effects, the main effects were also investigated. Based on the social cognitive theory and previous findings, positive main effects of both, daily fluctuations in self-efficacy and received support, were anticipated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
45,339 |
In more than 50% of our patients there was shockable rhythm and in approximately 42% asystole/PEA, but mild therapeutic hypothermia was applied equally in patients with shockable rhythm and in asystole/PEA. A meta-analysis of 15 observational and 2 randomized clinical trials demonstrated a reduction in hospital mortality and improvement in neurological outcome at discharge also in comatose patients resuscitated from non-VF/VT arrest .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
79,534 |
This study applied SRM-based proteomics in conjunction with DTI to assess the ability of these different measures to improve our mechanistic understanding of MAP and ultimately support development of better diagnostic and treatments. Our SRM-based quantitative proteomic assay monitors proteins with a greater level of sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional MS profiling, and measured proteins previously implicated in the etiology of major psychiatric disorders. We explored the hypothesis that serum proteins involved in processes of inflammation and lipid metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiology of MAP, and that these differences occur in parallel with white matter microstructural alterations. Protein analysis identified two candidate protein biomarkers, APOC2 and APOH, and DTI analysis indicated high levels in MD and RD delineating extensive loss of white matter integrity and axon demyelination in MAP. Integrating these data revealed several co-linear relationships between serum proteins and white matter microstructure in healthy controls, with disruption in MA and MAP groups in brain areas critical for memory and social emotional processing. These results suggest that changes in the serum occur in parallel to microstructural changes in the brain of MAP patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
201,158 |
NF-κB is closely related to MAPK signaling (the extracellular signaling kinases (ERK1 and 2), the c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1-3), and the p38 MAPK (p38α, β, γ, and δ)) pathway, which is responsible for the release of various inflammatory cytokines . In addition, a previous study examined the role of the MAPKs in the induction of iNOS and cytokine expression in activated macrophages . LPS-mediated induction of NF-κB also activates iNOS and inflammatory liver injury . Moreover, the pro-oxidative effect of LPS is generated via the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS act as cellular messengers and provoke an inflammatory response. Due to the imbalance between ROS and antioxidant defense systems, oxidative stress occurs . ROS are reported to induce cell and tissue injury through pro-inflammatory cytokine production and triggering NF-κB . LPS induces iNOS and nitric oxide (NO) at sites of inflammation via activation of p38MAPK and NF-κB in RAW 264.7 cells . Inhibition of JNK has been identified as an important anti-inflammatory mechanism through the suppression of inflammatory genes in several diseases . Evidence shows that inflammation induces ERK activation. Therefore, the reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators and tissue injury via regulating NF-κB/MAPK and free radicals should be effective for treating inflammatory diseases.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
332,366 |
To prepare 3-allyl-substituted psoralen, ethyl acetoacetate was used as a starting material (Scheme 1). It was first alkylated using NaH as a base to obtain compound 1, which was subjected to Pechmann reaction conditions to yield 7-hydroxycoumarin derivative 2. After OH group alkylation with 2-bromoacetophenone, the final allyl-substituted compound 4 was obtained by base-catalyzed condensation of the coumarin derivative 3 into psoralen ring (Scheme 1). A compound with 3-vinyl-based warhead attached at position 3 (compound 7) was obtained via a similar route. The crucial intermediate 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-vinyl-2H-chromen-2-one (5) was obtained in high yield by heating resorcinol derivative and crotonyl chloride at 60 °C in acetone. This was followed by a 2-bromoacetophenone-mediated alkylation and cyclization into psoralen yielding compounds 6 and 7, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
367,548 |
The novel finding of our study is that the low-level CIMT program could be performed smoothly by school teachers. Furthermore, the evaluation is multidisciplinary, including not only therapists, but also teachers and caregivers. Most CIMT studies were performed at home (23) or in therapists' rooms (24). Gelkop, N et al. also applied CIMT and hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy (HABIT) in a school-based setting, but the program was performed in a special education preschool and the therapy was handled by occupational therapists.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
59,690 |
The association between the Ile105Val GSTP1 polymorphism and the risk of T2DM has been investigated, but these studies yielded controversial results (Yalin et al., 2007; Oniki et al., 2008; Bid et al., 2010; Tsai et al., 2011; Ramprasath et al., 2011; Amer et al., 2012; Moasser et al., 2012; Gönül et al., 2012; Grubisa et al., 2013; Mastana et al., 2013; Vats et al., 2013; Rao et al., 2014; Abbasi et al., 2014; Zaki et al., 2015; Stoian et al., 2015; Mergani et al., 2016; Rasheed et al., 2016; Ahmed and Al-Bachary, 2017). Some studies suggested that the GSTP1 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to T2DM (Bid et al., 2010; Amer et al., 2012; Mastana et al., 2013; Vats et al., 2013; Rao et al., 2014; Zaki et al., 2015; Stoian et al., 2015; Mergani et al., 2016), other reports, however, do not support the finding (Yalin et al., 2007; Oniki et al., 2008; Tsai et al., 2011; Moasser et al., 2012; Gönül et al., 2012; Grubisa et al., 2013; Abbasi et al., 2014; Rasheed et al., 2016). Whether GSTP1 polymorphism modifies the risk of T2DM remains uncertain, therefore the present meta-analysis was carried out.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
306,981 |
2) The comparison in Figure 5 is a bit strange because the observed molecules are not analogous. Grb2 and Nck both bind to Eph2A while SOS and N-WASP bind to the adaptor proteins. It would be better to compare the behaviors of either Grb2 and Nck or SOS and N-WASP.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
81,083 |
Although results of the present study provide valuable insights into the effects of interviewer IM, the study is not without limitations. For example, our data was based on real selection interviews that were conducted as part of the selection process for one specific academic organization. This may call the generalizability of our study into question, but it does not diminish the relevance of this sample because the challenges that universities face regarding their recruitment efforts are similar to those in private enterprises in terms of competition with other universities and the need to balance selection and recruitment aims (e.g., Colarelli et al., 2012). Furthermore, it is important to note that even though we examined applicants who applied for a Bachelor's study program, our sample does not represent a student sample. In fact, in our study, applicants had work experience and were markedly older than high school graduates with an average age of 25 years. The reason for this is that the study program is specifically designed for individuals with prior work experience who want to complement their training and education with an additional Bachelor's degree.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
45,464 |
The world faces huge problems, and we need technology in our struggle against these problems. When one thinks of the world food deficiencies, our future energy supply and environmental pollution, synthetic biology will most likely play an important role in addressing these problems. An increasing population, climate change and a global biodiversity crisis means we cannot afford to lose any time, or exclude any innovation. – Young Democrats
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
77,729 |
The aims of this retrospective, descriptive study were to gain insight into the information about healthcare services municipalities included in individual decisions. The research questions were as follows:What type of home healthcare services do municipalities allocate, and how do the services differ between the two observed municipalities?What combinations of home healthcare services do home care recipients receive?What is the duration of the services allocated?Are there differences in the scope of services associated with where home healthcare recipients live?
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
383,739 |
The 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA) and were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured following a previously published report .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
395,710 |
Results in Table 1 show the prevalence of anemia in children under-5 in Ethiopia increased by 28.7%. Anemia prevalence increased in all age groups, both sexes, urban and rural residence, across all educational levels of mothers, wealth quintiles, and all regions of Ethiopia except Benishangul Gumuz region (Table 1). The highest increase was among 36–47 month infants (42.5%), males (29.4%), urban children (40.1%), women with above secondary level education (65.8%), children from lowest wealth quintile (41.5%) and children in Tigray region (42.9%). Table 1Prevalence and the percentage increase of anemia by socio-demographic factors in Ethiopia between 2011 and 2016Characteristic2011 (n = 9800)2016 (n = 9267)% increaseFrequency%Frequency%Age in months6–835161.342878.027.29–1136472.737776.34.912–1762462.681572.115.218–2347052.258465.525.524–3593645.4114959.029.936–4787135.8103051.042.548–5971930.889440.029.9Sex of childMale222944.3275757.329.4Female210744.2252256.628.1ResidenceUrban40135.246249.340.1Rural393245.4481557.827.3Mother’s EducationNo education297845.5344258.227.9Primary104942.9133156.832.4Secondary7241.417248.817.9Above Secondary3730.18849.965.8Wealth quintileLowest106147.9146767.841.5Second103847.6124857.621.0Middle89543.3103352.621.4Fourth85643.193054.025.3Highest48635.959947.933.4RegionTigray24837.532853.642.9Affar7174.76874.80.1Amhara75435.178542.220.2Oromiya217151.7262565.526.7Somali16668.730882.920.7Ben-Gum*5246.54142.5−8.6SNNPR*77936.999650.035.5Gambela1550.91256.210.4Harari1155.51167.922.3Dire Dawa1933.22549.225.9Addis Ababa5162.98171.525.4Total44.256.928.7Calculation of % increase = (% in 2016 - % in 2011) / (% in 2011); * Ben-Gum Benishangul Gumuz region; *SNNP South Nations and Nationalities People’s region
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
201,367 |
In a next step, we compare the dynamics of the alternating and the simultaneous game across different parameter values. To this end, we systematically vary the benefit of cooperation, the population size, the selection strength, and the mutation rate (Fig. 5). In games without errors, we observe hardly any difference between the alternating and the simultaneous game. Both games yield almost identical cooperation rates over time, and these cooperation rates are similarly affected by parameter changes. A difference between the two games only becomes apparent when players need to cope with errors. Here, the simultaneous game leads to systematically higher cooperation rates than the alternating game. This difference is most visible for intermediate benefit-to-cost ratios and intermediate error rates, as one may expect: For small benefits and frequent errors, cooperation evolves in neither game, whereas for large benefits and rare errors, cooperation evolves in both games (Supplementary Fig. 4).Fig. 5Comparing evolution in the alternating and the simultaneous game.To compare the two game versions, we have run additional evolutionary simulations. We systematically vary the benefit of cooperation, the population size, the selection strength, and the mutation rate. In addition, we vary how likely players make errors. Either they make no errors at all (ε = 0), or they make errors at some intermediate rate (ε = 0.02). a In the absence of errors, there is virtually no difference between the simultaneous and the alternating game. Both games yield the same cooperation rates, and they respond to parameter changes in the same way. For the given baseline parameters, cooperation is favored for large benefits of cooperation, population sizes, and selection strengths. It is disfavored for intermediate and large mutation rates. b With errors, the cooperation rates in the alternating game are systematically below the simultaneous game. The lower cooperation rates are related to our analytical result that no cooperative memory-1 strategy in the alternating game is evolutionarily stable. In contrast, in the simultaneous game with errors, WSLS can maintain cooperation42,53, it is evolutionarily stable41, and it readily evolves in evolutionary simulations (Supplementary Fig. 1). As baseline parameters we use a benefit of cooperation b = 3, population size N = 100, selection strength β = 1, and the limit of rare mutations μ → 065,66. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
378,106 |
Further adaptions to the hardware were necessary to fit the experimental needs. Since each wrist of a pass receiving athlete wears one wearable, some sort of synchronisation algorithm had to be developed. Figure 1 shows the prototype of each version, with a more detailed setup of the prototypes in Figure 2.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
86,981 |
In order to verify the effectiveness of our method, acquisition of EEG-fMRI data from 10 healthy subjects (age range: 20–25; 7 males and 3 females) was applied. In all recordings, the subjects lay relaxed in the scanner with eyes closed and head fixed. The subjects were given written notice and consented to the participation in this study. The experiments were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2000) of the World Medical Association and the protocols approved by the Institutional Review Board at Changzhou University. Data acquisition was done with EEG amplifier and MR scanner offered by Changzhou Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Technology.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
329,594 |
SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19 illness, presents unique health issues that should be considered in student-athletes prior to a return to sports and exercise. While the vast majority of young persons afflicted with the coronavirus have mild symptoms or remain asymptomatic, the infection can cause direct injury or inflammation to the heart and lungs, especially in patients ill enough to require hospitalization. Cardiopulmonary concerns from COVID-19 arise from data in severely ill adult patients, where approximately 1 in 5 hospitalized patients suffers from cardiac or thromboembolic (clotting) complications.9,13 However, evidence on the prevalence and risks of these complications in adolescents and in individuals who have had a milder form of the illness remains limited.7
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
161,155 |
Regarding risk factors, fathers with a history of depression were significantly more likely to display depressive symptoms during the pregnancy (χ2 test, p = 0.007). However, this result was not significant for women. Participants with a lower income had a higher rate of postnatal depression at 3 and 12 months postpartum (χ2 test, p = 0.008; p = 0.002). Women who were unemployed were significantly more likely to report elevated depressive symptoms during pregnancy (χ2 test, p < 0.0001), as were unemployed men (χ2 test, p = 0.013). Quality of marriage, assessed by the QMI screening questionnaire, was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms measured by the EPDS. QMI measures were significantly negatively correlated with EPDS scores at all time points in fathers, and during pregnancy and 12 months postpartum in mothers, suggesting an association between worse relationship quality and depressive symptoms (Table 3). The sex of the baby was not significantly associated with depression in either the mother or the father (χ2 test all p ≥ 0.1). There was no significant difference in depressive symptoms between mothers who were breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum and those who were not breastfeeding (Mann–Whitney U test, all p > 0.48).Table 3Correlation of marriage quality and depressive symptoms (EPDS)VisitQMI, men(mean)QMI, women(mean)EPDS, men (mean)EPDS, women(mean)Correlation with EPDSt041.241.83.114.51M: r = − 0.361, p < 0.001F: r = − 0.313, p = 0.006t140.539.83.145.31M: r = − 0.265, p = 0.026F: n.st240.230.83.114.18M: r = − 0.265, p = 0.031F: n.st338.636.62.884.62M: r = − 0.530, p < 0.001F: r = − 0.395, p = 0.004The sum scores of QMI and EPDS were correlated in men and women in all study visits (t0 = pregnancy, t1 = 3 months postpartum, t2 = 6 months postpartum, t3 = 12 months postpartum). Spearman rho correlation was measured, level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05QMI = quality of marriage index; EPDS = Edinburgh postnatal depression scale; M = male, F = female
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
301,503 |
Consistent with the literature, MVCT images of targets subject to respiratory motion with breathing periods approaching or equal to 5.0 s suffer from aliasing artifacts but as the breathing period decreases, these artifacts are reduced.21 This is clearly displayed in Figure 6, where the 5.0 s MVCT image has an excess volume of more than 50% but for 2.0 s is reduced to approximately 5%. These values are not as severe as the results presented by Smeenk et al, albeit with a phantom construction that made use of Styrofoam © as opposed to cedar allowing for increased contrast and further reduction in threshold HU. Compared to previous studies, only SI motion was considered, the direction known to have the largest excursion for lung tumors. Lateral motion is known to increase the severity of aliasing artifacts for MVCT but this increase occurs significantly only at amplitudes unlikely to occur clinically. As seen in Figure 5, artifacts typically extend in the transverse plane off‐axis positions which may not only lead to increased uncertainty in registration errors along non‐SI directions, but also compromise the visualization of surrounding organs‐at‐risk (OARs). No additional high‐density region is seen extending out of ITVT in the direction of motion. No significant motion artifacts were seen for kV‐CBCT outside of a clearly distinguishable windmill effect that would not have an impact on localization as it is easily identifiable compared to the target.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
129,920 |
the two volcanoes are characterized by different kinds of activity (lava lake and basaltic lava flow for Erta Ale, and persistent fumarolic degassing and explosive activity for Láscar); thus we may evaluate the algorithm’s performance on volcanic thermal sources having different intensity and temperature distributions.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
203,209 |
According to the analysis of Figure 7, the ratio of human resource utilization efficiency to material capital utilization efficiency shows an upward trend over time; that is, the utilization efficiency of human resources continues to improve. The greater the ratio of human resources stock to material capital is, that is, the higher the marginal output benefit of human resources is than that of material capital. We should increase the investment in human resources. For human resources, the same investment produces much better economic benefits than material capital. In the era of knowledge economy, the development and utilization of human resources are becoming more and more important, and their role in economic development is becoming more and more important. Only by strengthening the rational development and effective management of human resources can we promote the efficient and healthy development of regional economy.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
334,052 |
Current estimates of UK protein intake are principally derived from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) . In order to explore patterns of protein intake in older adults as part of the Protein 4 Life collaboration , a secondary analysis of two previous studies (Food and Immunity Trial (FIT) and Novel Assessment of Nutrition and Ageing (NANA) ) was undertaken to assess both quantity and timing of protein intake in a UK regional population.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
2,105 |
A smoker was considered a quitter if he stopped smoking any tobacco product for at least six months after attending the clinic. Relapse in tobacco smoking was defined as resuming smoking after a complete abstention for at least a month. Descriptive analysis was done to present frequencies of sociodemographic, smoking behavior and quit tobacco related variables. Chi square or t-test was used to draw inferences about categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
126,974 |
Poliovirus nanoparticle capture was initially piloted to determine feasibility. The procedure was described by Minetaro Arita and colleagues from the National Institute of Infectious Diseases of Japan . PVR-sensitized magnetic nanoparticles were kindly provided for preliminary experiments . When 102 pre-titered stools were tested with a low amount of magnetic PVR-labeled nanoparticles (1 μL per sample) compared to RNA recovered from extractions only, a slight but insignificant difference was observed (S1 Fig). The design of this early study was lacking several factors i) only a small number of Sabin 2 positive stools from a clinical trial were tested (missing programmatically important PV stools, i.e. WPV1, VDPV stools), ii) lack of information about standardization of nanoparticles across lots, iii) there was no parallel comparison to poliovirus isolation. Thus, this method was not pursued.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
5,463 |
Here we report Fe/ZnO NPs assisted solar-photocatalytic disinfection (PCD) of MDR E. coli isolated from wastewater of a rural healthcare center in synthetic as well as natural water systems. Effect of process parameters on the disinfection efficiency was investigated and compared with that of commercial TiO2 (Degussa P25) and pure-ZnO. From a disinfection point of view, lipid peroxidation and potassium (K+) ion leakage studies were performed to verify compromisation of bacterial cell morphology. Effect of different reactive species on the disinfection efficiency was investigated to identify the molecular species responsible for disinfection of MDR E. coli. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and live-dead staining techniques were used to validate the PCD process.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
336,054 |
Among hypertensive participants detected at the initial screening (year 0), we found longitudinal declines in SBP and DBP (year 1 to year 4) in both untreated and treated participants (Fig. 3). Differences in SBP and DBP between treated and untreated groups, as defined by treatment status from years 0 to 1, continued for 4 years. We found consistent differences both in SBP and DBP. The differences were greater in the grade 2–3 hypertensive group compared with the grade 1 hypertensive group. Fig. 3Longitudinal change in blood pressure after initial screening by treatment status among propensity matched cohort
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
8,044 |
All new remands from court to Cloverhill Prison during the 3 years from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2014 were screened as described above. Remand episodes were defined as committals from the courts on remand, trial, deportation and extradition. Sentenced episodes (unless also remanded) were excluded from the analysis to enable comparisons with other remand settings and previously published data from the same setting.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
114,257 |
Semiconductor lasers with optical feedback can generate a rich variety of dynamical behaviors7, and thus, are ideal testbeds for studying dynamical transitions and testing novel analysis tools8. Semiconductor lasers with optical feedback are also important practical devices, because the complex output signals that they generate can be exploited for several applications910, including sensors1112, ultra-fast random number generation1314, reservoir computing151617, etc.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
157,178 |
The applicability of SF in the medical field dates to the 19th century. It has been intensively used as sutures due to its high biocompatibility with the human organism. There are numerous reports that have confirmed this extraordinary property of SF .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
285,233 |
Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in this study for qPCR. Table S2. Candidate genes identified by FUMA tool. Table S3. QTL SNPs affect the expression of identified loci. Table S4. Publicly available AIDS GWAS QTLs estimated in current studyAdditional file 2: Figure S1. Three panels of the figure are respective differences of CA HIV-1 RNA, CA HIV-1 DNA, and RNA:DNA ratio between male and female. However, by a student test, sex does not affect any of the three traits at the threshold of P < 0.05. Figure S2. A, B, and C are Manhattan plots for CA HIV-1 DNA, CA HIV-1 RNA, and CA HIV-1 RNA (adjusted by CA HIV-1 DNA). However, no association was found at the threshold of P < 5 × 10-7. Moreover, all the associative analyses have an inflation factor close to 1. Figure S3. (A) Gene Ontology (biological process) annotation and enrichment of genes at locus identified as genome-wide significantly associated with CA HIV-1 DNA. (B) Gene Ontology (biological process) annotation and enrichment of genes at locus identified as genome-wide suggestively associated with RNA:DNA ratio. Figure S4. (A) Correlation between two types of PS and RNA:DNA ratio. The horizontal axis represents the Log2 transformed RNA:DA ratio. The vertical axis represents the PS intensity transformed by Log10. (B) PS intensity transformed by Log10 per genotype of rs7113204. No significant difference among three genotypes was found for each PS. (C) PS intensity transformed by Log10 per genotype of rs2613996. No significant difference among three genotypes was found for each PS. Figure S5. (A) Box plot for each genotype of rs7817589 from QTL mapping analysis for RNA:DNA ratio. This locus is identified as suggestively associated with the trait at the threshold of P = 2.17 × 10-7. (B) LocusZoom plot of the top SNP of QTL mapping analysis for RNA:DNA ratio on chromosome 8. Figure S6. (A) Box plot of relative expression of PTDSS2 compared in a subset of subjects with variant rs2613996-A (n = 10) compared to subjects with variant rs2613996-G (n = 19). (B) Box plot of relative expression of PTDSS2 in subjects with SNP rs7113204-A (n = 11) compared to SNP rs7113204-G (n = 14). Data in these box plots are visualized in log transformation. Groups are compared by using the two-sample Wilcoxon test because of the non-normal distribution. Figure S7. Relative expression of four prioritized genes (DEAF1, IRF7, PTDSS2, and RNH1). We downloaded gene expression data of in vitro primary human CD4+ T cells from GEO GSE127468 and estimated the differential expression of four genes identified by us. The horizontal axis are time-points at which the mRNA were measured and the vertical axis are relative expression quantified by RNA-seq. The red boxes (dots) and blue boxes (dots) represent relative expression level of each gene in HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells and control CD4+ T cells in vitro, respectively. The double stars (**) mark p-value < 0.01 and the single star (*) mark p-value < 0.05. Figure S8. Box plot of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) production 24 hours after poly I:C stimulation in PBMCs in subjects with SNP rs7113204-A (n = 16) and with rs7113204-G (n = 121). Groups are compared with two samples Wilcoxon test because of the non-normal distribution.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
131,314 |
Titanium was treated by anodic oxidation at different voltages (20 and 60 V), and then the surface morphology was observed under SEM. As shown in Figure 1A, regular nanoarrays were observed on the surfaces of TNT20 and TNT60 when compared to those with pure titanium plates (Ti), and the diameter of the nanotubes was increased with increasing voltage. After ImageJ software analysis, the diameter of the nanotubes were 51.453 ± 9.629 nm (TNT20) and 100.969 ± 16.877 nm (TNT60) (Figure 1B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
216,420 |
Vaccine effectiveness for reducing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection shows noticeable improvement after receiving two doses of either vaccine. Our findings also suggest that a full course of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine provides the optimal protection against infection with the Delta variant. These findings advocate for completion of the full course to maximise individual protection and reduce transmission.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
371,248 |
The definition of the hallmarks of cancer has revolutionised cancer research, with the ECM having revealed itself not as a mere bystander, but as a major regulator of malignant disease. ECM-modifying enzymes such as HPSE have therefore gained significant interest as therapeutic targets.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
238,014 |
In summary, we successfully constructed a highly biocompatible, glioma microenvironment-responsive T/PPS + TMZ hydrogel. The T/PPS + TMZ hydrogel enhanced the potential efficacy of TMZ in vitro and in vivo and exhibited a robust effect against postoperative glioma recurrence. Even so, further clinical trials are warranted to support this method.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
87,000 |
All real data were collected simultaneously using fMRI, including 64 channels EEG data and one channel ECG data. The simultaneous ECG data were used to detect the BCG artifacts' locations in EEG data. The gradient artifacts were removed by AAS (Allen et al., 2000). The sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) are index to illustrate the robustness of R-peak detection algorithm proposed by Niazy et al. (2005).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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