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83,109 |
Once the PFAM domains were annotated, each transcript sequence and each protein of the H-Prot dataset was transformed into a meta-sequence where the annotated domains were concatenated, producing a string of domain symbols suitable for a meta-alignment. Those constructs were then aligned using the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm, with a match value of +30, a missmatch value of −30, and a gap value of −5. The match score was also adjusted to the percentage of the domain annotated on the transcript sequence. Best reciprocal hits were also selected.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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233,643 |
Terminal cancer patients are among the most fragile and critical and the definition of the most suitable palliative care is still an open challenge: the precarious health conditions that these patients generally present in the terminal stages of their lives, together with therapies (often polytherapy) already prescribed, contribute to complicate the choice of the best approach to ensure adequate quality of life. If sedation must be ensured for a short time period, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate have to be monitored, as well as the degree of sedation established according to the RAMSEY scale; therapy needs the presence of sanitary personnel during the first 10–15 min.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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293,241 |
Two medicinal products targeting CD19/CD22 positive B-cell precursor ALL were identified in this analysis, both included a reference to using a validated test in section 4.2. While for inotuzumab, diagnostic testing is required for baseline CD22 positivity of >0% using a validated and sensitive assay prior to initiating treatment, the reference to a validated assay for blinatumomab is in reference to quantifying presence of minimal residual disease (MRD) prior to initiating therapy. From the information provided, a CDx is not required for the use of blinatumomab in this indication.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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380,471 |
NB is a kinfolk of modest probabilistic technique grounded on Bayes theorem with unconventionality suppositions amid the predictors [46, 47]. The NB model is precise simple to construct and can be executed for any dataset containing a large amount of data. The posterior probability, P(c|x), is taken from P(c), P(x), and P(x|c). The consequence of the value of a forecaster (x) on assumed class (c) is independent of the value of other forecasters.(8)Pc|x= Px|cPcPx orPosterior= Prior∗likelihoodEvidence.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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50,004 |
We validated in two cell-lines (Caco-2 and HT-29) the changes in expression of a number of genes (MT1E, NPPB, NOTCH3, CYP26A1, HEY1 and CYP1A1) found to be differentially expressed using RNAseq following infection with C. concisus UNSWCD or BAA-1457 (Supplementary Data 3). Overall, there was good concordance between the RNAseq and qPCR data and between the two cell-lines, specifically in their metallothionein, natriuretic peptide, and cytochrome P450 responses. Further, HEY1, a gene involved in EMT, was consistently upregulated in both cell-lines following infection with strain BAA-1457.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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185,731 |
Pollen tube growth rate is obviously dependent on the cell wall synthesis, deposition and remodeling but many other signals are also involved during growth. Tip-localized ROS are essential for pollen tube growth (Potocký et al., 2007; Speranza et al., 2012; Boisson-Dernier et al., 2013). NADPH oxidases produce O2•−, which are converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutases. The inhibition of NADPH oxidases using diphenilene iodonium chloride (DPI) on tobacco pollen tubes resulted in growth arrest, which was rescued by addition of exogenous H2O2 (Potocký et al., 2007). In Arabidopsis, two NAPDH oxidases (RBOHh and RBOHj) are expressed in the pollen tube. Almost all pollen tubes of the double mutant rbohh/rbohj burst rapidly in vitro (Boisson-Dernier et al., 2013; Kaya et al., 2014). Exogenous supply of Ca2+ increased tip-localized ROS and in vitro NADPH oxidase activity is stimulated by Ca2+ (Potocký et al., 2012) suggesting that NADPH oxidase activity is modulated in vivo by Ca2+. Low temperature stress was also shown to enhance the transcripts, proteins, and activities of different ROS-scavenging enzymes (Prasad et al., 1994; Saruyama and Tanida, 1995; O’Kane et al., 1996) and the production of ROS by NADPH oxidases (Suzuki and Mittler, 2006). In our study, cold did not affect Rboh expression in tomato pollen tubes in the control condition or with P1. However, P2 strongly decreased the expression of the two Rboh genes. This reduction in NADPH oxidase gene expression was correlated with a higher number of viable pollen tubes compared to the control. Taken together, our results showed that cold temperature affected tomato pollen tube growth. The two products tested were capable to reduce the effect of cold. The beneficial effects of the products are not clearly linked with the modulation of the classical molecular markers implicated in pollen tube growth. However, P2 had a strong effect on Rboh expression and thus probably on ROS production and this effect could explain the higher number of viable pollen tubes. Recently, a study has shown that the brassinazole signaling regulator BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) could directly bind to the promoter of Rboh in tomato (Yan et al., 2020). Thus, it could be interesting to further investigate the link between the treatment and brassinosteroids.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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194,139 |
V. vulnificus clinical isolated strain CMCP6 (WT) and nonencapsulated strain E4 (Environmental isolate from seafood) were cultured aerobically in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth or on LB agar at 37 °C. When required, the medium was supplemented with rifampicin (50 µg/mL) to selectively grow for V. vulnificus, chloramphenicol (10 µg/mL) to maintain the pACYC, or ampicillin (100 µg/mL) to maintain the pXen-13 plasmid for in vivo imaging systems. The pACYC plasmid was used for mukB complementation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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29,444 |
The space \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {N}}}(X)$$\end{document}N(X) generalizes a discretized version of tree-space (Billera et al. 2001), the graph with vertex set consisting of all phylogenetic trees on X with edges corresponding to pairs of trees which differ by one NNI operation. Indeed, it actually contains tree-space (on X) as a subspace as we shall now explain. For \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i \ge 0$$\end{document}i≥0, we let \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {N}}_i(X)$$\end{document}Ni(X) denote the set of all tier i networks on X, that is, all networks on X with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$2(|X|-1+i)$$\end{document}2(|X|-1+i) vertices. A tier 3 example is shown in Fig. 1(i). Clearly the space \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {N}}(X)$$\end{document}N(X) is the disjoint union of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {N}}_i(X)$$\end{document}Ni(X) taken over \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$i \ge 0$$\end{document}i≥0. Moreover, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {N}}}_0(X)$$\end{document}N0(X) is precisely the set of phylogenetic trees on X, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${{\mathcal {N}}}_1(X)$$\end{document}N1(X) is the set of unicyclic networks on X (see, e.g. Semple and Steel 2006). Each \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {N}}_i(X)$$\end{document}Ni(X) is a connected subgraph of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {N}}(X)$$\end{document}N(X), where the edges correspond only to NNI operations (Huber et al. 2016b), so that tree-space is a subspace of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${\mathcal {N}}(X)$$\end{document}N(X).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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235,562 |
The second EOF mode is characterized by the positive GPH anomaly over the Ural Mountains (Supplementary Fig. S3b), which strongly resembles the positive GPH anomaly over the Ural Mountains in the atmospheric circulation pattern of C3 (Fig. 2c). It is important that the dominant phase of the normalized second PC has changed from negative to positive since 2009 based on the Rodionov regime shift algorithm38, with a cut-off length of 10 years and a 90% confidence level (Supplementary Fig. S4). Thus, the entire analysis period can be divided into two sub-periods based on the dominant second EOF mode: the negative (i.e., 1982–2008, P1) and positive (2009–2018, P2) sub-periods. As the high-frequency year of C3 appears more frequently in P2 than P1 (red circle in Fig. 3), the anomalous high GPH anomaly over the Ural Mountains in the C3 pattern may result from the reflected dominant positive phase of the second EOF mode. To further investigate the change in the positive GPH anomaly over the Ural Mountains in the C3 pattern on a long-term timescale, we explored the composite maps of the 850-hPa GPH anomaly in C3 for periods P1 and P2 (Supplementary Fig. S5). The results show that the northward- and northeastward-propagating wave trains generated by enhanced convection over the WNP, which are the main mechanisms that induce EHDs in C3, are apparent in both periods (Supplementary Fig. S5). Nevertheless, the positive GPH anomaly over the Ural Mountains in P2 is stronger than that in P1, supporting the inference of a long-term variation in the positive GPH anomaly caused by the second EOF mode. The long-term variation in the positive GPH anomaly over the Ural Mountains appears to stem from a significant decline in the soil moisture in that region (not shown). However, the observation data are insufficient to confirm this relationship; this should be examined further using an Earth system climate model.
| 4 | 2other
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43,679 |
Now we focus our attention to characterize the structural properties by means of Network metrics of vascular network topology as introduced in figure 3(a2–c2) and (d2–f2). The structure of these networks will reveal an important percolation transition in the system. Figure 5(a1–c1) shows the skeleton of a forming vascular network in which we extracted the adjacent matrix that encodes the structure of the graphs plotted in figure 5(a2–c2). We start by showing the time evolution of the degree distribution P(k) for a group of control and Avastin-treated embryos (see figure 5(a3–c3) and (d–f), respectively). The planar vascular networks contain nodes with few neighbours, as the degrees of the vertices range from 1 to 4. At the initial stage, 0 h, on control group ≈60% of nodes have degree 1, ≈40% have degree 2, ≈15% degree 3 and nodes with degree 4 are not observed. Once a large connected cluster has been formed, to 7 h, we find that just ≈20% of nodes have degree 1, ≈37% have degree 2, ≈40% have degree 3, and just ≈2% of nodes have degree 4. At the final stage, we observe that ≈20% of nodes have degree 1, ≈40% have degree 2 and 3, and nodes with degree 4 are not observed as shown on figure 5(a3–c3). The evolution of the degree distribution P(k) shows the maturation of the vascular networks during the vasculogenesis process. On the other hand, although a similar behaviour is observed for the evolution of P(k) in the Avastin-treated group, in this case the fraction of nodes with degree 3 is significatively larger at the final stage, reaching to ≈60% of nodes in the final stage. This increase is achieved at the expense of a decrease in the fraction of nodes connected to two neighbours. Figure 5.The codification process of adjacent matrix: (a1–c1) show the skeleton topology of a forming vascular network for a control embryo and (a2–c2) represent the adjacent matrix extracted from the skeleton, where each bifurcation is identified as a node, and the distance interaction represents the links. The node degree distributions obtained from three embryos in each group as displayed for (a3–c3) the control and (d–f) Avastin-treated group. The symbol (**) indicates the statistical difference of the distributions from the initial stage at t=0 h, which have p<0.05 calculated by the Smirnov–Kolmogorov test. The error bars are the standard deviations.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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278,705 |
Repeated measures ANOVA was performed on all PMP variables for the different overweight groups over time. This analysis explored group differences at set time points, within-group differences over time and between-group differences over time. A p-value of ≤0.05 indicated statistical significance. Effect sizes were used to report the practical differences between PMP variables and the different BMI groups at each of the three time points, where significant differences were indicated by Cohen’s d-values of small (d = 0.2), medium (d = 0.5) and large (d = 0.8) cut-offs .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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24,659 |
In this study, we reported that msFGFR2c but not wsFGFR2c (wild-type ectodomain of FGFR2c) could selectively bind to c subtype of FGFRs in the presence of FGF-2. The effects of msFGFR2c on cancer cells expressing different types of FGFRs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results will be definitely a peek into the future application of msFGFR2c in cancer targeting therapy.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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335,709 |
Our calculations predict that atomic spontaneous decay can be enhanced about a \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$75\%$$\end{document}75% for Yb ions close to the focus of an ideal macroscopic parabolic mirror. Smaller mirrors, or atoms located close to the surface of a mirror with high curvature could yield new interesting phenomena. The spatial distribution of energy, orbital angular momentum and polarization of EM parabolic modes, as well as the open character of the parabolic boundary, are ideal for the performance of novel quantum optics experiments where many degrees of freedom can be accessed and manipulated to control the atomic state.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
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113,396 |
Even though L. infantum is the causative agent of VL in Italy, molecular typing with more discriminant tools and characterization of additional isolates could contribute to better understanding the transmission dynamics between humans, vectors, and animal reservoirs as suggested by Chicharro et al. .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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109,608 |
Fractionation is one of the major methods for evaluating the mobility, bioavailability and potential health risks of a group of compounds of a given element with particular properties, making it possible to forecast the conditions in which secondary contamination of ecosystems that adversely influence ecological safety may occur. Chemical fractionation allows defining the mobility of elements (including heavy metals) in the environment. Sequential extraction schemes differ due to the conditions in which they are carried out and the extracting agents applied (Schleicher et al. 2011; Smichowski et al. 2005; Tessier et al. 1979).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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345,334 |
The first aim of our study is to create a single time series that reflects the level of interaction between the arbitrary number of simultaneously recorded signals. It is accomplished by mathematical tools: copula density captures the level of signal interaction, and the Voronoi decomposition maps the interaction levels into the temporal signal.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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368,825 |
One parameter that showed to have a significant influence over bioreactor operation for CO and not for H2/CO2 fermentation is the liquid outflow rate (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{L,o}$$\end{document}V˙L,o), which as well as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$C_{x}$$\end{document}Cx is adjusted by the optimization algorithm to fulfill mass balances. \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{L,o}$$\end{document}V˙L,o allows the removal of cells and the ethanol fraction that was not evaporated and transferred to the offgas. In CO fermentation, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\dot{V}_{L,o}$$\end{document}V˙L,o is controlled by the biomass production rate for most of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$q^{\prime}_{D}$$\end{document}qD′ range; this causes excessive ethanol removal along the liquid, preventing its accumulation within the bioreactor. Consequently, the ethanol concentration does not reach 45 g L−1 only until \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$q^{\prime}_{\text{CO}}$$\end{document}qCO′ is as low as 0.10 (where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$C_{\text{CO}}$$\end{document}CCO is 1 × 10−3 mM and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$C_{x}$$\end{document}Cx approximates to 20 g L−1) where biomass production rate lowers sufficiently; this could become another challenge for the fermentation process development since sustaining such low \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$q^{\prime}_{D}$$\end{document}qD′ values can be difficult . In H2/CO2 fermentation the relatively lower biomass production rates indirectly allow ethanol accumulation throughout the whole optimal regime due to the lower biomass yields (per mole of electron donor).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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87,935 |
Patient received ten hours of intensive outpatient physical therapy to learn BSPTS/Schroth-based exercises prior to bracing. This program was followed by an additional 10 hours of instructional sessions. HEP 30-60 min/day, 5 days/week. WCR brace worn 22 hours/day.
| 2 | 1clinical
| 1Other
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392,220 |
Chromosomal DNA was extracted using the AllPrep DNA/RNA/miRNA Universal Kit (Qiagen) with a 50 μL elution volume. Bisulfite conversion was conducted using 1 μg of DNA with an EZ DNA methylation Kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA, USA) on the ABI 7300 instrument (Applied Biosystems). A methylation index (β) was calculated for each sample using the following formula: methylation index = 1/[1 + 2−(CTu − CTme)] × 100%. CTu is the average cycle threshold (CT) obtained from PCR analysis using the unmethylated primer pair, and CTme is average CT obtained using the methylated primer pair. Primer sequences used for MSP are listed in Table S2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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85,081 |
Following a warming-up of one submaximal contraction, all participants performed three maximal contractions for 3 to 5 seconds with a 1-minute rest interval for each limb . The highest score of the three maximal contractions was used for analysis . During all strength measurements, verbal encouragement was given .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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292,386 |
The feeding of goats with anthocyanin from PCP had no effect (P > 0.05) on the most of rumen bacteria with relative abundance >1% at the genus level, except for the Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group (P < 0.05, Table 7; Figure 3B). The HA group showed lower (P < 0.05) Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group abundance relative to the other groups during the entire period. In addition, for the rumen bacteria with relative abundance <1%, the feeding of goats with anthocyanin-rich purple corn had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on Eubacterium_nodatum_group, Amnipila, Ruminiclostridium, U29-B03, unclassified_c_Clostridia, Pyramidobacter, Anaeroplasma, UCG-004, Atopobium, norank_f_norank_o_Bradymonadales, Elusimicrobium, norank_f_norank_o_norank_c_norank_p_WPS-2, norank_f_Bacteroidales_UCG-001, and norank_f_norank_o_Gastranaerophilales (Figure 4B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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271,883 |
We selected studies based on our predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. PopulationAdults (aged 18 years and older) with MSK pain and a comorbid sleep problemMusculoskeletal (MSK) PainMSK pain involving the soft tissues of the muscles and joints including, but not limited to, non-specific neck, mid-back, low back pain with or without symptoms of radiculopathy, MSK chest pain, cervicogenic headache, tension-type headache, temporomandibular joint pain, MSK extremity pain, and osteoarthritis.Excluded: MSK pain associated with major, structural, systemic pathology (e.g., cancer, osteoporosis, inflammatory arthritis (e.g., ankylosing spondylitis), fractures, dislocations, grade III sprains/strains, infections), or fibromyalgiaa.Sleep Problems 1. Self-reported sleep problems. Common terms and descriptions include, but are not limited to: • Insomnia • Difficulty falling asleep (commonly measured by sleep onset latency [SOL]) • Difficulty maintaining sleep (commonly measured by frequent awakenings, and how long it takes to fall back to sleep after being awoken; also referred to as Wake After Sleep Onset [WASO]) • Awakening too early with the inability to return to sleep • Non-restorative sleep (commonly measured with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] or with degree of daytime impairments (sleepiness) such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]) 2. Insomnia Disorder: as defined by DSM-IV, DSM-V or other diagnostic classificationsExcluded: all other diagnosed sleep disorders, including but not limited to, sleep-related breathing disorders (sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea [OSA], obstructive breathing disorders), central disorders of hypersomnolence (e.g., narcolepsy, hypersomnia), circadian rhythm sleep disorders, parasomnias (sleep walking, sleep terrors, sleep-related eating disorder), and sleep-related movement disorders (restless leg syndrome).InterventionsNon-pharmacological interventions including but not limited to: 1. Environmental (e.g., light therapy, earplugs, alarm modifications, headphones, white noise, social support) 2. Behavioral (e.g., CBT and single elements of CBT such as sleep restriction), sleep hygiene education, massage, acupressure and relaxation interventions (e.g., music therapy and guided imagery) 3. Physical therapy (e.g., mobility/exercise during the day to improve sleep at night, acupuncture) 4. Multimodal interventions: sleep interventions combined with other interventions (e.g., sleep intervention combined with an intervention explicitly stated to improve pain)Excluded: any prescription and over-the-counter pharmacological therapies, herbal and dietary sleep supplements including, but not limited to, oral capsules/pills, patches, sprays, drops, and other liquids (e.g., benzodiazepines, non-benzodiazepine pills, antidepressants). Examples of over-the-counter aids include diphenhydarmine (i.e., Nytol, Sominex), and doxylamine (i.e., Unisom, Nighttime Sleep Aid). Dietary sleep supplements include, but were not limited to, valerian, melatonin, chamomile, tryptophan, and kava. Pharmacological interventions combined within a multimodal non-pharmacological approach were considered. We excluded any invasive interventions such as injections and surgeries.ComparisonOther interventions (including pharmacological interventions), placebo or sham interventions, wait list, or no intervention.OutcomesStudies evaluating at least one sleep outcome and may have also evaluated a health outcome.Sleep outcomes include: 1) sleep disturbances (difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, reduced sleep efficiency, altered sleep architecture); 2) sleepiness (difficulty remaining awake); 3) sleep patterns; 4) sleep fragmentation (sleep cycle unable to reach stage 4 non-rapid eye movement [NREM] and rapid eye movement [REM] due to waking up throughout sleep); and 5) self-reported sleep quality (tiredness upon waking, daytime tiredness, feelings of being rested and restored). Common self-reported measures of sleep include the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) , and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) ; objective measures include wrist actigraphy .Health outcomes were classified according to the WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework: 1) body function and structure (e.g., pain intensity, depression, anxiety), and 2) activity and participation (e.g., communication, mobility, interpersonal interactions, self-care, learning, applying knowledge, return to work/activities/school). Common measures of pain include the visual analogue scale (VAS), numerical rating scale (NRS), and McGill Pain Questionnaire. We also included health-related quality of life (e.g., SF-12)Studies 1. English language 2. Published in a peer-reviewed journal 3. RCT with minimum 30 participants per arm at baselineb 4. Cohort and case-control studies with minimum 100 participants per group at baselinec 5. Secondary analyses of eligible RCTs, cohort and case-control studiesExcluded: cross-sectional studies, case reports, case series, pilot studies, study protocols, qualitative studies, non-systematic and systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines, biomechanical studies, laboratory studies, cadaveric or animal studies, guidelines, letters, editorials, commentaries, unpublished manuscripts, dissertations, government reports, books and book chapters, conference proceedings, meeting abstracts, lectures and addresses, consensus development statements, guideline statements.aFibromyalgia was excluded due to its clinical presentation of chronic widespread pain, fatigue and sleep disturbance symptoms (DSM-10). This condition may not be appropriately managed by the sleep interventions identified in this reviewbA sample size of 30 per arm in RCTs is conventionally considered the minimum needed for non-normal distributions to approximate the normal distribution . The assumption that data is normally distributed is required to ascertain a difference in sample means between treatment armscA sample of 100 is conventionally considered the minimum needed to obtain well-balanced groups at baseline and control bias .
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14,322 |
Expression of redox dependent genes was measured in the liver of individual salmon in both trials. PCA plots showed that the dietary groups were not well separated according to expression of the redox related genes (Fig. 6). However, in Trial 1 there was a tendency to grouping of samples related to dietary supplementation of NP, with NP supplementation correlating negatively to g6pd, gclc, gpx1 and gr (−0.38 < R2 < −0.43) and positively to gpx3 (R2 = 0.39). Gr showed the most covariation with other genes and correlated to g6pd, gpx1 and gclc at 0.79 > R2 > 0.49 and to mnsod and cuznsod at R2 = 0.39 and 0.34, respectively. Gr was also correlated to nfe2l2 (R2 = 0.52), cat was not correlated to the other genes while gpx3 was negatively correlated to the other genes, significant for g6pd (R2 = −0.33). In Trial 2, diet was correlated to cuznsod, mnsod and cat (0.39 < R2 < 0.24). The expression of gr, g6pd, gpx1 and gclc comprised one distinct group and mnsod, cat and cuznsod another. Gr correlated with g6pd, gpx1 and gclc at 0.67 > R2 > 0.37, while gr correlation to mnsod, cat and cuznsod was 0.32 > R2 > 0.25. Gpx3 and nfe2l2 were not significantly correlated to the other genes.
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| 0Study
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366,194 |
One argument for the source of delusional themes advances striosomes as the explanation for the content of delusions148, conserved as they are cross-culturally, strongly suggesting a biological basis. As illustrated in Figs. 1–3, striosomes are clusters of specialized neurons within the caudate which receive dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra pars compacta148. Striosomes are known to be responsible for specific motor programs (stereotypies) which have clear evolutionary importance and are not subject to modification and are highly reward-insensitive. For example, individual striosomes in rodents have been isolated and shown to be responsible for specific stereotypies, e.g. parts of the grooming chain197. The basal ganglia are evolutionarily older than the cortex and off-loading repetitive, evolutionarily important actions makes economic sense for the brain. Dopamine agonism has been shown to cause growth in the striosomes, the degree of which in turn is correlated with the increase in stereotypy frequency198,199.
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97,751 |
Initial preparation of enamel samples for isotope analysis was undertaken in the laboratories at Durham University following procedures developed by Montgomery (2002, pp. 131–138). The enamel surface was mechanically cleaned using tungsten carbide dental burrs and a flexible diamond edged rotary saw was then used to excise a chip of core enamel. To remove any adhering dentine, exposed surfaces of the enamel chip were again thoroughly abraded using dental burrs. Resulting chips of core enamel were transferred to clean sealed containers. Dental saws and burrs were cleaned ultrasonically for five minutes and rinsed three times in high purity de‐ionized water between preparation of samples.
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16,364 |
The pulsating movement of blood cells in the branchial phase of blood motion appears to be in phase throughout the animal, Video S1. This means that the pulse wave velocity (PWV) is large compared to the size of the animal and the heart beat rate (Zamir, 2000). The PWV has been studied in humans because of its potential for diagnosis of abnormal artery rigidity. PWV values in humans are in the range of 2–4 m/s (Yamashina et al., 2002), so that the pulse in even distant parts of the body are out of phase by only a fraction of a heart beat cycle. Since the tunicate is about 100 times smaller than a human, the diameters of the vessels are correspondingly smaller, and the heart rate is only 2–3 times as rapid, one would expect blood cell movement to be essentially synchronous throughout the system unless blood vessels were two orders of magnitude more flexible. It is thus not unexpected that blood cells pulse in synchrony throughout the tunicate, consistent with a closed, fairly rigid circulatory system.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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258,501 |
Kcnh6 knockdown (KD) INS-1 β-cells were generated with a specific shRNA (Supplementary Fig. 7a), and GSIS was evaluated in the KD and the control WT INS-1 cells. Although BBR significantly increased GSIS in the WT INS-1 cells, no differences were noted between BBR- and vehicle-treated KD INS-1 cells (Supplementary Fig. 7b).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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164,471 |
Despite the advantages of the ALT flap mentioned earlier, the ALT deep fascia flap also has the following advantages. The flap, the thickness of which can be as thin as 2 ~ 3 mm, is especially suitable for soft tissue defects in the hand. Because of the thin character, this flap is more flexible, easy to trim, easy to mold and expand, and suitable to repair three‐dimensional and irregular defects in the hand. The flap size does not need to be much larger than that of the defect. The inset of the flap is easy and does not affect the circulation. As the ALT deep fascia flap is uniformly thin rather than partially or marginally thin, it is more suitable for the coverage of small defects. Multilobed deep fascia flaps can also be harvested according to the need for defects.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
104,959 |
By assuming that we know the incident wave at the boundary, then the 2×1 wave value b=ΦM+(L)a at the boundary is known and imposes two restrictions for obtaining the 4×1 vector a. Thus, the system ΦM+(L)a=b will allow to write 8.11a=Λa~+Σwith 8.12Λ=(α1α2α3α41001),Σ=(σ1σ200),a~=(a12a22),where a11,a21 depend linearly on a11 and a22, that is, a11=a11(a12,a22)=α1a12+α2a22+σ1,a21=a21(a12,a22)=α3a12+α4a22+σ2.
| 3 | 2other
| 1Other
|
126,215 |
Such efforts, in the context of EOM-CC, have not been carried out and, in fact, no parallel to this, in the context of EOM-CC, can be made. In the context of EA calculations, which are computationally more demanding, such efforts are required even more. We have reported precisely such studies of systematic improvements to EA, by adding triples corrections to at least third-order schemes, and then through two partial and full fourth-order schemes, due to the triples. The full scheme needs only one iteration of selected diagrams that fully correct to at least up to the fourth order and other third order, and the two partial fourth-order schemes are completely non-iterative . These two non-iterative partial fourth-order schemes are computationally less expensive, and yet provide results that are closer to the full triples-corrected fourth-order scheme. The two partial fourth-order schemes, called MRSSCD+T*−a(4) and MRCCS+T*−b(4), are the important approximations presented in this manuscript. Among these, the first one is even more computationally efficient. We highlight, from the numerical results, that the first partial scheme can often be enough to get significantly improved results. One can thus choose triples-corrected fourth-order schemes, depending on the size of the problem. Different strategies may be implemented, in terms of computer time and storage, to include such effects.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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221,083 |
Mechanisms leading to synaptic loss are likely multifactorial. Several mechanisms have been proposed; nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding is still missing. Consistent with our findings, demyelination has a notable impact on the synapse number. Demyelination leads to an altered gene expression; it is disrupting the physiological microenvironment and contributes to a decrease of essential synaptic proteins (11). Closely related is the excitotoxic hypothesis, which states that an environment of enhanced glutamate and reduced GABA is having a negative impact on synapses. This is supported by the observation that the selective inhibition of AMPA receptors in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (an animal model for MS) can prevent clinical disability and dendritic spine loss (51, 52). Further involved processes might be neuron-autonomous synaptic elimination (20) and trans-synaptic anterograde and retrograde synaptic degeneration as a consequence of lesional areas (20, 53). Additionally, histopathological studies have pointed toward a complement-assisted (C1q-C3) elimination of synapses by microglia in a mildly inflamed environment (18). This process is of special interest because it has been discovered also in NAGM (18). Reports of lesion-independent synaptic loss, which can surpass axonal loss, give rise to the question of a primary process leading to a reduction of synapses (17). Complement-assisted elimination of synapses by microglia appears to have similarities to the physiological pruning of synapses throughout life, an essential mechanism to ensure functional neuronal circuits (54, 55).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
295,904 |
In a recent study, de Vries et al. performed the scRNA-seq analyses for PBMCs stimulated with C. albicans . They found that the deficiency of LY86 would increase the susceptibility to candidemia by combining scRNA-seq with bulk transcriptomic analyses . However, they did not explore heterogeneous pathway activities among immune cells or the transcripts of immune checkpoints. In this study, we reanalyzed the data to elucidate the single-cell expression patterns of immune checkpoint molecules, heterogeneous pathway activities and screen out the genes, which were the most relevant with C. albicans bloodstream infection. Importantly, we validated that the cell subpopulations would express immune checkpoints during Candida albicans infections using flow cytometry. Moreover, we also screened out the genes with the most relevant for C. albicans infection based on a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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145,276 |
The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (Dnr 2020-06677) Regional Ethical Review Authority Stockholm (Dnr 2013/1114-31/2). Written informed consent to participate in this study was provided by the participants’ legal guardian/next of kin.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
341,573 |
GLM as a tool for modeling cellular integration of input. (A) Frozen noise injected into an EP neuron over multiple trials (top). Example of 5 intra-cellular potentials (different colors) of the neuron during repeated injections of the frozen noise (middle). Raster display of the neuronal spiking over the same trials (bottom). (B) Schematic structure of the GLM: Input passing through the stimulus filter is summed with the output spikes serving as the input to the post spike filter and a constant bias term and passing through a non-linear function (exponent) to generate an input to a Poissonian spike generator. (C) Left - The GLM spiking responses to a novel fluctuating current stimulus. From top to bottom: input stimulus, raster plots of spiking activity for repeated stimulus presentations over 50 trials of the experimental neuron (black) and the GLM reconstruction (red), PSTHs of the responses of the real neuron (black), and the GLM response (red). The prediction accuracy is assessed using the PCC between the experimental and model PSTHs. Right - The derived stimulus filter and post spike filter of the fitted GLM. The post spike filters are shown in their exponentiated form. (D) Histogram of the Pearson Correlation Coefficients (ρ) between the PSTH of the neuronal responses to the frozen noise and the PSTH of the model response to the same noise in the GP (red), EP (blue) and SNr (green).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
133,753 |
Ever since Morowitz and Sagan suggested that life may exist in the lower Venusian atmosphere, many authors looked into that possibility and made incremental progress understanding the environmental conditions in the Venusian atmosphere, and the possibility of it being inhabited by microbial life. The presence of an aerial biosphere may seem strange to an observer from Earth, because on Earth, the atmosphere appears to serve only as a temporary habitat , as reproduction has not been demonstrated in Earth’s atmosphere . This assessment is further supported by a study from Amato et al. , which indicated the lack of evidence for bacterial cell division in the atmosphere through meta-transcriptomics analysis. However, an earlier field study seemed to indicate that bacteria can grow and reproduce in cloud droplets and earlier laboratory studies indicated that limited cell divisions of the facultative anaerobic bacterium Serratia marcescens occurred in an airborne state . It would not be surprising if Earth’s atmosphere is not utilized as a permanent habitat, because the environmental conditions on Earth’s surface are well-suited for life and any microorganisms in the atmosphere would be deposited back on the surface by precipitation, usually within a few days . The situation is different on Venus.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
3,109 |
For some of the fathers, the feeling of disconnection which had begun with the distortions of perception during the birth continued afterwards. The degree of disconnectedness ranged from being “completely shocked” (F7) and “stunned” (F1), to going onto “autopilot” (F10), to the man who “went off into some weird twilight zone kind of thing, I think…I sort of, not zoned out for 6 months but sort of…I had an odd reaction” (F4). This was in part related to how the men tried to cope with the enormity of the experience of birth.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
42,116 |
A,B: chocolate preference and caloric intake during the days of compulsive feeding test at adolescence. C,D: chocolate preference and caloric intake during the days of compulsive feeding test at adulthood. Control male offspring are represented as open triangles, control female as open rhombuses; free choice male offspring represented as solid circles and free choice female offspring as solid squares. Values are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Three-way repeated measures ANOVA (time, sex and perinatal diet as factors) and Bonferroni post-hoc test: */**/***p<0.05/0.01/0.001 to compare CC vs PC males; $/$ $/$ $ $ p<0.05/0.01/0.001 to compare CC vs PC females; &&/&&& p<0.01/0.001 to compare CC males vs females; #/##/### p<0.05/0.01/0.001 to compare PC males vs females.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
47,266 |
The soil NH4+ and NO3− contents were extracted from soils collected in 2007 by the use of 1 M KCl and measured by the use of a Lachat Quickchem 8500 series 2 instrument (Lachat, Loveland, CO) in the Soil, Water and Forage Analytical Laboratory at Oklahoma State University (Stillwater, OK). The soil bulk density values from 2004 and 2005 were used in this study as an estimation of soil bulk density at sampling time.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
154,987 |
Based on the results of clinical trials on abiraterone and enzalutamide, a 15-month follow-up might not be long enough to observe the survival outcome due to the database’s limitations. The follow-up was therefore extended in the sensitivity analysis. The outcome analyses of the 24-month follow-up were also reported in the study.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
52,772 |
Nitric oxide (NO) was determined on supernatants of cell cultures with Griess reagent according to Stuher and Nathan . Briefly, supernatants of cultures (85 μL) were put in microtitre 96-well plates and added with 5 μL nitrate reductase and 10 μL NADH for 20 min at room temperature (RT), and then with 100 μL Griess reagent (1% naphtylethylendiamine to 1% sulphanilamide, 1:1). After 10 min at RT, the absorbance units were measured at 540 nm. NaNO2 was used as standard.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
373,633 |
The same test with 25 harmonics was repeated for different signal frequencies. Some results are reported in the following tables for 42.5 Hz (see Table 10 and Table 11) and 57.5 Hz (see Table 12 and Table 13). Even in these cases, measurement results are within the class S maximum allowable errors for RMS and frequency and they are compatible with the class II requirements for harmonic measurements (for frequency also class A requirements are met and in many cases errors on harmonics are within class I limits).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
120,377 |
In the intergenic region of lysR1 and cbbL two promoters were predicted: (i) one could be for cbbL transcription (with the -10 box ‘AGGAATCAT’ at position 7,271 bp and the -35 box ‘TTGATA’ at position 7,250 bp) and (ii) the other for lysR1/lysR2 transcription with the -10 box at position 7,275 bp ‘ATCATATAC’ and with the -35 box at position 7,302 bp ‘TAACAA’ (Supplementary Figure 2). This is in line with previous predicted functions for the non-coding region between lysR and cbbL in other organisms, where promoters for both directions were identified (Kusano and Sugawara, 1993; Wei et al., 2004). Additionally, three and two putative LTTR binding sites upstream of the putative cbbL and lysR1/lysR2 promoters, respectively, were recognized (Figure 3). These sites may be involved in LysR1 and/or LysR2 regulated cbbL transcription as well as autoregulation of their own transcription, as has been commonly demonstrated for enzymes of the LysR family (Schell, 1993; Maddocks and Oyston, 2008). The mobility shift assay verified that binding sites are located in this non-coding region (Figure 4). Here, DNA binding of LysR1 is intensified by the presence of LysR2 or CbbL (Figure 4B). LysR2 is also capable of binding to this region, but only when CbbM proteins are available. Promiscuous heterotypic interactions between different LTTRs in E. coli have been shown before, but the relevance of such cross-interactions remains unknown (Knapp and Hu, 2010). However, since our experiment showed that LysR1’s DNA binding ability is increased by LysR2, one may conclude that LysR1 and LysR2 are also able to cross-interact and form heteromultimers with its non-cognate partner. The heteromultimer (LysR1+LysR2) may cause different regulatory effects relative to the homomultimers (LysR1+LysR1 or LysR2+LysR2). The role that CbbL and CbbM play for intensified LysR binding currently remains unclear but may be related to DNA or RNA stability. Mobility shift assays with RNA and the large RubisCO subunit of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii demonstrated CbbL’s ability to bind to RNA in a sequence-independent manner under certain conditions (Yosef et al., 2004).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
144,803 |
In Fig. 5, the GO enrichment for the biological process of the enriched genes was signal transduction, biological process, regulation of transcription, DNA-templated, positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, and cell differentiation. Notably, DEGs were also enriched in the oxidation–reduction in the biological process. The GO enrichment for the cellular component of mainly enriched genes was membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, an integral component of the membrane, and cytosol. The GO enrichment for molecular function of mainly enriched genes was protein binding, metal ion binding, molecular function, identical protein binding, and nucleotide-binding.Fig. 5GO enrichment of genes after DI pre-treatment (abscissa: Number of genes, ordinate: GO-term)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
98,517 |
All of the images of the interphase nuclei with probes that were specific to Bd2, Bd3, Bd4, and Bd5, as well as those after the immunodetection of fibrillarin, were acquired using an Olympus FV1 000 confocal microscope system equipped with a 60×/1.35 PlanApo objective. The images of the interphase nuclei with Bd1 and Bd2 and mitotic preparations were acquired using a Zeiss Axio Imager.Z.2 wide-field fluorescence microscope equipped with an AxioCam Mrm monochromatic camera and the Apotome.2 system. Image stacks were acquired by traversing from the top to the bottom of a nucleus in 200–250nm steps. Image processing, including the rendering of the Z-stacks from a series of optical sections of the nuclei, was performed using ImageJ (Wayne Rasband, National Institutes of Health, USA) or Imaris (Bitplane) software. Imaris was also used to construct the 3-D models of the analysed nuclei using the ‘Contour surface’ wizard. These models were also utilized to measure the volume of the nuclei and nucleoli.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
19,924 |
No statistically significantly difference heterogeneity was found in CSS among the studies (I2 = 36%, Ph = 0.13); thus, we performed a subgroup analysis so that we could find the reasons for the heterogeneity. No heterogeneity was found in OS across the studies (I2 = 0%, Ph = 0.528).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
8,989 |
Prior to radiotherapy, all patients underwent a trans-pelvic coil 1.5 T MRI (AERA, 1.5T, Siemens) in the supine position with Gadolinium injection using a surface coil. Axial T2-weighted imaging was performed. Images were reconstructed in a voxel dimension of 0.31× 0.31 × 4 mm3. Isotropic axial diffusion-weighted scans were performed using a single-shot echo-planar imaging sequence. Prostate tumor volume was segmented manually by a single expert based on T2W hyposignal. Diffusion and perfusion images were used to help detect the tumor regions, but not for delineation or image fusion. Tumors were classified according to the Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS™) . Since 95 % of all prostate tumor cells will be located within a 5 mm rim beyond the volume detected on MRI , we expanded the treatment contour at the non-capsular margin by 5 mm to define the Gross Tumor Volume (GTV MRI).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
240,037 |
Regarding MNF fatigue detection, the non-parametric Welch PSD estimation yielded superior results compared to PSD estimation with the Burg method. However, the optimal choice of the number of subsegments depends on the EMG level. At lower EMG levels η, the utilization of kw=15 tends to yield good results, while at higher EMG levels, kw=31 were found to be better. The SMR5 fatigue detection algorithm quite constantly displayed good to very good results in connection with the parametric Burg PSD estimation. A visualization can be found in the Appendix A Figure A12).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
186,264 |
The physical characteristics of frailty have been researched extensively and found to be related to difficulties in basic and instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL) ; however, there is limited evidence regarding the relationship between frailty and participation. In other words, it is not clear how frailty characteristics (such as reduced gait speed, reduced endurance, and weight loss), might impact the person’s ability to go on trips, go to the theater, take part in social events or even just leave their home. A high incidence of participation restriction was found in two studies that assessed participation among older adults with frailty who were recruited from day care centers and hospitals . In community-dwelling older adults, the selection of meaningful activities (physical, cognitive, social, or other daily activity) and activity diversity were found to be associated with frailty . The importance of participation was demonstrated in a 5-year longitudinal study. In this study, performing healthy lifestyle behaviors (i.e., farming, healthy daily activities, and social participation) was associated with lower odds of becoming frail .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
108,900 |
We studied the core body temperature and expression of the genes involved in thermogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics in BAT and subcutaneous WAT under conditions of normal housing temperature (24 °C), negative energy balance (24 h fasting), and 4 °C cold exposure. Our results indicate that adiponectin plays an important role in thermoregulation. We found that adiponectin is required for sustaining body temperature under energy-deficient and cold challenged conditions, also adiponectin activates thermogenesis to enhance lipid metabolism to protect against hypothermia.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
260,213 |
Complement inhibitors that act at the level of C3 convertases, function not only as cofactors for FI, but they can also act as decay accelerating factors to irreversibly dissociate the catalytic subunit (Bb/C2b) from the non-catalytic subunit (C3b/C4b). MCP functions primarily as a cofactor and does not have decay accelerating activity. Alternatively, DAF was named for its decay accelerating activity and has no cofactor function. FH has both cofactor and decay accelerating activity (36). To investigate whether Sez6L2-MH has decay accelerating activity for the alternative pathway C3 convertase, we coated C3b on a 96 well plate and then added Factor B and Factor D to generate C3bBb bound to the plate. Sez6L2-MH or FH were added to the wells in increasing concentrations. The ability of Sez6L2-MH or FH to displace Bb from the bound C3bBb complex was assessed in an ELISA assay using an anti-FB antibody. The percent of FB remaining on the plate (normalized to buffer only control) was graphed against the concentrations of FH and Sez6L2-MH. Sez6L2-MH at lower concentrations (0.1 nM-60 nM) had no effect on the dissociation of Bb from the C3bBb convertase complex, while higher concentrations of Sez6L2 (600 nM-6 µM) significantly decreased the amount of FB on the plate by 25-72% in a dose dependent manner ( Figure 7A ). FH was effective at much lower concentrations, as 0.4 - 40 nM significantly decreased the amount of FB on the plate by 22-74%. Higher concentrations of FH (200 nM – 1.6µM) were also effective and reduced the convertase associated FB by just over 75% (a point at which the maximal decay activity appeared to plateau). The relative IC50 for FH was between 1-2 nM and the relative IC50 for Sez6L2-MH was ~1.2 µM.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
187,961 |
Another participant described the art they created (Figure 7) as a representation of the way that they have coped with feelings of anxiety, jealousy, and the desire to escape from themselves through others. This quote also discusses a selfie taken with a group of people in a mirror, that the participant declined to have disseminated. A lot of the times I use like my relationships with other people that helped me cope with like difficulties and that I’m going through. And so the idea is like I use like other people to escape, umm, to escape like negative things … it’s blank on the front but I’ve struggled with like the turtles, the weight and like the person on the left is like how I feel with my anxiety sometimes and on the right is like is like representing my jealousy and like always seeing other people and wanting to be like them and seeing everyone happy … and like also people telling me to smile or try to be happy and stuff which is what you can see because of the mirror on the back, so it’s also like your it looks like the people are like escaping from you which is it’s like another idea in my piece that I don’t know if that makes sense. (Age 17, Queer, TGD)Figure 7.Sculpture
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
329,699 |
Figure 21 displays the familiar array of bond critical points (CH, CC, C=O, CS, including ring CPs for each six-membered ring. The S…hcC bond paths are curved oddly in the neighborhood of the hcC, and there is an unexpected weak bond from anthryl CH hydrogen to S-CH3 methyl carbon.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
291,809 |
In order to secure internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity, themes were collapsed and rearranged during the reviewing phase among the research team . This was to secure internal consistency and that themes were distinctly different . Upon this phase, the data were recoded systematically to ascertain that the full dataset was embraced by the themes in use, and themes were refined alongside. Theoretically, we were interested in the experiences and insight of the 20 participants. Therefore, their statements are central to our analysis and are explored and exemplified further through the existing literature.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
104,472 |
The diagnosis of AD-FLD is based on clinical symptoms and medical history. The high inter-clinician reliability of perceptual ratings by laryngologists and speech-language pathologists based on the USDRS, and the high correlation of clinician ratings with subjects’ ratings from the DSQ suggest that clinicians and subjects are rating similar phenomena using comparable criteria. The ratings of severity of dysphonia for both clinicians and subjects are related to the interaction of the symptoms and not to any single symptom. For subjects and clinicians alike, the most severe and frequently identified symptoms at the time of assessment were roughness, strain-strangled voice quality, and increased expiratory effort. Subjects and clinicians judged aphonia and voice tremor to be infrequent and less severe than other symptoms. The occurrence and duration of voice arrest as measured by the VAM were infrequent and relatively brief.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
357,946 |
The differences between the two groups were determined using the Student's t-test criteria to compare the means of the two samples if the sample distribution was normal, and using the Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney W-test to compare the medians of the two samples (for sample distributions different from normal) and KWT-test in order to compare medians of several samples. The relationship between the indicators was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation. The value p < 0.05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
13,320 |
Contrary to our findings, there was no decrease in BHBA in the study from Moyes et al. but our data were more similar to the data reported by Graugnard et al. , in which IMI with endotoxin was performed in dairy cows. In our study the decrease in BHBA after IMI was observed in all animals, which might be indicative of either an overall response to inflammation (see above) or a metabolic change in all animals unrelated to IMI, likely due to a reduction of the feed intake which reduce the component of BHBA from the rumen fermentation . The increase in glucose in our study can be associated with the decrease in milk yield and, especially, lactose yield, as demonstrated by Moyes and collaborators . All the above observations are indicative of a similar metabolic response among cows and goats to IMI using Strep. uberis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
41,609 |
Previous studies have shown that JA signaling may directly control nicotine biosynthesis , so we investigated whether HT treatment might also increase tobacco root JA content. As shown in Figure 3A, JA content could gradually be induced by HT stress, and reached its peak level after five days of HT treatment. Correspondingly, the level of transcription of the JA biosynthesis related genes NtLOX, NTAOC, NtAOS, and NtOPR was also increased (Figure 3B). As HT induces accumulation of both CO and JA, we wondered whether the CO signal might be responsible for regulating JA biosynthesis in response to HT stress. To test this, we treated tobacco seedlings with the CO donor CORM-2 or the HO enzyme inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnppIX), while subjecting the plants to HT stress. We found that additional CORM-2 treatment markedly increased, while ZnPPIX treatment suppressed HT induction of both JA biosynthesis and transcriptional levels of genes involved in its biosynthesis (Figure 3A,B).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
224,350 |
\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$GV_{ij} = u_{j} + g_{i} + ge_{ij}$$\end{document}GVij=uj+gi+geij
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
367,389 |
Depression changed the rules on how to communicate with the outside world. It became unclear what they should or should not say, or to whom they could tell, about what they experienced. The experiences of social support from spouses were mixed. Some had received support from their spouse, others did not, and a few expressed marital hardships during the depressive episode. Participants wanted to avoid having their children and grandchildren stepping in as ‘the adult’, to take care of their depressed parent or grandparent. It was especially hard to break negative and isolated everyday patterns after retirement, as regular communication with workmates was no longer available. The loss of everyday contact with co-workers became a barrier for reaching out. Participants feared being perceived as a burden on their former workmates, especially since the workplace had become a context to which they no longer belonged. Similarly, a fear of being a burden inhibited communication with friends and family.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
375,277 |
Several drugs can be administered to patients affected by HIT-associated thrombosis. Argatroban and bivalirudin are synthetic thrombin inhibitors approved in the USA and Europe for this indication. Both drugs can be administered intravenously and require adjusted doses to maintain partial thromboplastin time at 1.5–3.0 times baseline values . Danaparoid has an indication for HIT-associated thrombosis in Europe and Canada and is a mixture of sulfated glycosaminoglycans that causes a long-acting antithrombin-dependent inhibition of activated factor X (Xa). It can be administered intravenously, and a monitoring of anti-Xa activity should be undertaken only in patients with extreme body weight (<55 kg, >90 kg) . Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and fondaparinux are emerging as HIT treatment options even if there is no regulatory approval for this indication. DOACs were used in 81 patients of whom 2.5% have been reported to develop a recurrent thrombosis. [11, 12].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
373,064 |
The interaction between PS and K62 appears to be functionally important—mutagenesis and electrophysiological studies have shown that K62 tethering to the membrane recovers the effect of anionic lipid interactions, indicating that it is the tethering role which is important. The current study shows that before PIP2 has started to interact at the primary site this tethering via K62 is less likely, because PS is more likely to bind at the site containing R78 and R80.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
300,166 |
The incidence of the difficult airway during clinical anesthesia is as high as 4.5–7.5% (1); this is a significant issue, as failure to maintain an unobstructed patient airway may lead to hypoxemia, brain damage, or even death (2). Awake fiberoptic intubation (AFOI) is an effective technique for the patients with difficult airways; it is considered the gold standard among intubation techniques (3, 4). Optimal intubation conditions for AFOI are as follows: the patient should be comfortable, cooperative, and have hemodynamic stability; moreover, the anesthesiologist must be able to maintain the airway of the patient with spontaneous ventilation (5). To achieve these conditions, adequate conscious sedation and high-grade local anesthesia are required. Previous studies have demonstrated that sufentanil and dexmedetomidine provide effective sedation during AFOI without depressing respiratory function (6–11).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
162,509 |
In order to determine the changes of TGFβ1/NOX4 and PDGF/ROCK signal pathway in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis after Yifei decoction combined with MitoQ intervention, we detected the expression levels of TGFβ1, NOX4, PDGFR-β, and ROCK1. Compared with the control group, the mRNA and protein expression of TGFβ1, NOX4, PDGFR-β, and ROCK1were significantly increased in the rats in the IPF group (P < 0.01, Figures 4(a)–4(c)). Compared with the IPF group, the mRNA expressions of TGFβ1 in the IPF + MitoQ, IPF + YFT, and IPF + MitoQ + YFT groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05; Figure 4(a)); the protein expression of TGFβ1 in the IPF + MitoQ + YFT group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05; Figures 4(b) and 4(c)); the mRNA expressions of NOX4, PDGFR-β, and ROCK1 were markedly decreased in the rats in the IPF + MitoQ + YFT group (P < 0.05; Figure 4(a)); the protein expressions of NOX4 and ROCK1 in the IPF + YFT and IPF + MitoQ + YFT groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05; Figures 4(b) and 4(c)); the protein expression of PDGFR-β was significantly decreased in the rats in the IPF + MitoQ + YFT group (P < 0.01, Figures 4(b) and 4(c)). These results indicate that IPF increased the mRNA and protein levels of related factors in the TGFβ1/NOX4 and PDGF/ROCK pathways, while MitoQ and YFT reduced the mRNA and protein levels of related factors in this pathway in IPF rats.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
38,531 |
Although it is widely recognized that elective single embryo transfer (eSET) is the only way to avoid multiple pregnancies and multiple births, only 1.4% of embryo transfers performed in the region corresponded to eSET, while 21% corresponded to the elective transfer of two embryos (eDET) (Zegers-Hochschild et al., 2016). Furthermore, the transfer of ≥ 3 embryos corresponded to 25,9% of all embryo transfers, a ratio that increases to 26.8% in women aged 35 to 39 years; 33.23% in women aged 40 to 42 years old; and 33.18% in women aged ≥ 43 years old.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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114,118 |
Our objective for this pilot study was to establish preliminary efficacy for a community-based, structured aerobic exercise intervention that meets standard public health guidelines (~ 150 minutes / week of moderate intensity aerobic exercise). We hypothesized that cognition, functional ability, and depression would benefit from aerobic exercise compared to non-aerobic stretching and toning exercises in a well-characterized sample of individuals with AD-related cognitive impairment. We also hypothesized that these benefits would be proportional to cardiorespiratory fitness gain.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
333,400 |
The predictive value of the radiomic signature, the image feature model, and the fusion model were assessed among the training cohort (n = 132), external validation cohort 1 (n = 123), and external validation cohort 2 (n = 75) regarding discriminability, calibration, and clinical value. The discriminability performance was carried out by the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and the differences in AUC values between the three models were compared using the Delong test. The Hosmer–Lemeshow test was used with a calibration curve to determine the goodness of fit. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to calculate the net benefits for a range of threshold probabilities in both validation datasets to estimate whether the models was sufficiently robust for clinical use.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
127,407 |
In the fields of dermatology and plastic surgery, it has been established that Kenacort injection is effective in treating keloids [28, 29]. Several basic histopathological studies have revealed that steroid suppresses fibroblast proliferation by controlling chemokines and cytokines [30, 31]. In contrast, to the best of our knowledge, no histological study focused on stricture-preventing effect of steroid injection in human esophagus has been conducted.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
240,286 |
Furthermore, studies have concluded that there is an increase in the viscosity of a nanofluid when the concentration of nanoparticles increases. Sundar et al. studied the viscosity of Fe3O4–water nanofluids with varying particle concentrations of 0.2% to 2%. There was an increase in the viscosity of the nanofluid as the volume concentration increased. The increase in viscosity with volume concentration increasing could be due to an increase in the interaction between particles. Gao et al. studied the viscosity of Fe3O4–water nanofluids at volume concentrations ranging from 0.05% to 2%. The temperature ranged from 10 °C to 65 °C. The viscosity of the nanofluids increased with increasing volume concentration. Nguyen et al. looked into the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction on the viscosities of Al2O3–water and CuO–water nanofluids. Particle diameters for these nanoparticles consisted of 29 nm for the CuO–water and 36 nm/47 nm for the Al2O3–water nanofluids. They were placed in a room temperature of 25 °C. The volume fractions ranged from 0.15% to 13%. The nanofluid viscosity increased with nanoparticle volume fraction increasing. For example, the relative viscosity of the 47 nm water–Al2O3 nanofluid rose with volume concentration. The relative viscosity values were 1.12, 1.6, 3.0, and then 5.2 for particle volume concentrations of 1%, 4%, 9%, and 12% respectively. Malekzadeh et al. studied the viscosity of Fe3O4–water nanofluids. Volume concentrations of 0.1% to 1% were studied with temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 45 °C. The increase in viscosity from the rise in volume concentration can be explained by the higher levels of molecular interaction between the nanoparticles and base liquid when higher concentrations were used. Godson et al. studied the viscosity of Ag–water nanofluids with varying volume fractions of 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% and the viscosity increased with volume concentration increasing. Figure 9 below shows the effect of nanoparticle concentration on viscosity. As can be seen by the graph, as the concentration of nanoparticles increases, the viscosity increases as well.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
329,478 |
Similar to the simulations for INR, the model was utilized to predict aPTT under steady-state rivaroxaban treatment. The dosing regimens simulated for rivaroxaban included 15 and 20mg p.o. once per day of rivaroxaban. As for the in silico simulations for the INR, a virtual population of 1,000 patients was created per dosing regimen of rivaroxaban. Similar to the virtual patient population for warfarin, genetic polymorphisms were simulated for each dose group based on the ratio of polymorphisms in the analysis dataset. However, as rivaroxaban is neither metabolized by either CYP2C9 or VKORC1, the polymorphisms were not expected to have any noticeable effect on the PK of rivaroxaban. Similar to Figure 2 , Figure 3 shows the distribution (violin) and median, 25th, and 75th percentiles (boxplot) of the predicted (white) and observed (gray) aPTTs. The model was able to predict aPTT under rivaroxaban treatment adequately, with a good overlap between the observed values and the model predictions for the 15 and 20 mg dose groups ( Figure 3 ).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
158,699 |
The remaining articles focus on understanding the mechanisms that underlie the destabilization and restabilization of memory following retrieval. Navabpour and colleagues investigated DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) as a mechanism that may control the transcriptional program necessary for memory restabilization. They demonstrate that DSBs co-localize with an epigenetic marker of active transcription, H3 lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), consistent with reports that DSBs often occur at recently transcribed genes. The authors demonstrate that a marker of DSBs (H2A.XpS139) and H3K4me3 both increase at the Npas4 gene (but not at cFos) shortly after retrieval, suggesting these two markers of transcriptional activity may function in concert to support reconsolidation. Impressively, knockdown of the enzyme responsible for DSBs (topoisomerase IIβ) before retrieval reverses these effects and impairs memory reconsolidation, demonstrating that DSB-induced transcriptional increases are critical for successful reconsolidation. Elahi and colleagues take a different approach to disrupting reconsolidation, attempting to use electroconvulsive shock (ECS) as a non-surgical intervention to interfere with reconsolidation . Despite numerous historical reports that ECS can impair reconsolidation, in their experiments, the authors found no evidence that post-retrieval ECS impairs reconsolidation for either cued or context fear memory. In a clever follow-up experiment, Elahi and colleagues tested the effects of ECS delivered immediately after each of four daily extinction sessions and find that ECS does impair the consolidation of extinction memory. Overall, this work indicates that ECS is not an effective intervention for disrupting reconsolidation, underscoring a need for more targeted and effective pharmaceuticals that can disrupt the reconsolidation process in a minimally invasive manner. One potential treatment could be M1 muscarinic agonists, identified by Wideman and colleagues as a mechanism capable of driving memory destabilization even in the face of boundary conditions that prevent reconsolidation, like the age of the original memory . In a series of experiments, the authors show a beautiful molecular dissociation in the perirhinal cortex between memory destabilization, supported by GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and its subsequent restabilization, supported by GluN2A-containing NMDARs. They then demonstrate that cholinergic activity at M1 muscarinic receptors can override the effects of glutamate (mediated via GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDARs), with an M1 agonist driving destabilization even in the presence of a GluN2B inhibitor that normally blocks destabilization. The M1 mAChR may therefore be a novel target capable of forcing an otherwise resistant memory to become labile and susceptible to modification. Finally, Bellfy and Kwapis review the evidence that the reconsolidation process may allow existing memories to update in response to new, relevant information . In their review, the authors outline the major behavioral paradigms used to study reconsolidation and describe the different molecular mechanisms across the brain that support this process of reconsolidation-dependent memory updating. Together, these articles converge on the idea that understanding the mechanisms that support memory retrieval and reconsolidation and understanding why these processes fail in conditions like old age is critically important to develop treatments to boost memory when it fails or reduce the emotional content of memory when it is maladaptive.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
210,410 |
Similar to the results of Experiment 2, the CSE was less pronounced in target/distractor category alternation trials than in target/distractor category repetition trials. The most important novel aspect of Experiment 3, however, pertains to the occasional occurrence of the temporal search task, in which the target randomly occurred in the first or in the second temporal position. Performance in the temporal search task was characterized by the predicted interaction, that is, by relatively improved responding to targets presented at the second temporal position (relative to targets presented at the first temporal position) after incongruent compared to after congruent predecessor trials, albeit the effect was significant only in the error analysis. A possible way to reconcile this evidence for adjustment of temporal attention with the lack thereof in the temporal flanker task (and in the search task results of Tomat et al., 2020) lies in the assumption of context-dependency of the adjustment mechanism. Evidence for such context-dependency has been found by varying a task-irrelevant context feature and observing the CSE only in trials associated with a repetition of that feature (Spapé & Hommel, 2008). Although an interpretation of the CSE, in that case, is difficult as no confound-minimized procedure was applied, assuming that the perception of specific contextual changes between consecutive trials substantially reduces the likelihood of attentional adjustment to occur, intermixed trials of another task involving a distinct set of stimuli are liable to lack such adjustment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
357,545 |
Infections due to the flaviviruses such as the dengue viruses (DENV) and the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The DENV infects 390 million individuals annually resulting in over 25,000 deaths . Epidemics due to JEV are uncommon due to the availability of a safe and effective vaccine for its prevention . Although, there is a live attenuated vaccine licensed for the prevention of dengue, its efficacy varies for different DENV serotypes and the manufacturer has cautioned that it may cause more severe disease in dengue naïve individuals . However, due to the cross-reactive nature of antibodies generated to the JEV and DENV, there is a possibility of modulation of dengue-specific immune responses by immune responses to JEV . Therefore, in order to develop safer and more efficacious vaccines, it is important to have a better understanding of how immunity to JEV could influence the immunity to the DENV.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
207,761 |
This study aimed to investigate the association between self-identified thermal intolerance/sensation and MetS in order to verify the working hypothesis that individuals with altered thermal sensitivity may have a predisposition to MetS and its components. Our findings suggest that individuals with higher heat intolerance, lower cold intolerance, and higher heat sensation than expected had a higher likelihood of having MetS. Significant associations between thermal sensitivity and high glucose, triglyceride, and blood pressure levels were observed. These results support the working hypothesis, suggesting the potential clinical utility of evaluating thermal sensitivity as a PPPM approach for MetS.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
355,273 |
The involvement of kidneys in syphilis has been reported in the literature with the majority of the cases presenting with nephrotic-range proteinuria . Rapidly proliferative glomerulonephritis is rarely reported in syphilis patients . We report a case of rapidly proliferative glomerulonephritis in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient with secondary syphilis that was successfully treated with penicillin.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 3Clinical case
|
337,008 |
The higher toxicity observed for TiO2@MSN might be related to the formation of larger aggregates observed when dispersed in culture medium supplemented with serum, a phenomenon being underlined as the most relevant in the assessment of nanoparticles toxicity and potential human effects. On the other hand, residual toxicity of the novel nanomaterial could be due to titania impurities, and chemically instability and loss of morphology in culture medium.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
246,426 |
Since the mid-1990s, colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality have declined significantly in adults aged 50 years and older , but increased among those under age 50 (early-onset CRC (EOCRC)). By 2030, EOCRC incidence is predicted to increase by 90% . Of an estimated 147,950 new CRC cases diagnosed in 2020, 12% occurred among individuals aged under 50 years .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
329,779 |
A data search of the English medical literature was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases, until 31 December 2019. The P.I.C.O. (patient; intervention; comparison; outcome) model was used to define the clinical questions and select relevant articles (Supplementary Table S1) . The following search terms including Expanded Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were used in various combinations: ‘‘carotid stent”, “carotid angioplasty”, “carotid endarterectomy”, “cohort studies”, “comparative study”.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
391,035 |
Transcriptional response of these pathways in NHBE to SARS-CoV-2 infection were analysed previously together with response in cancer cell lines, ferrets and serum samples (Blanco-Melo et al., 2020). Despite lack of a robust IFN-I and -III response, high levels of a subset of cytokines such as CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL2, CXCL16, IL-6, IL1β and TNF was detected. It was suggested that treatments for COVID-19 should be based on controlling the inflammation rather than IFN response as SARS-CoV-2 response is imbalanced with regard to controlling virus replication versus activation of the adaptive immune system. In a further analysis of response in NHBE cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection, feedback loops leading to cytokine expression was mapped on signalling pathways to elucidate the mechanism of response and IL1βand TNF were found to be central in crosstalk of IL-17, TNF and NFκB pathways in cytokine production.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
302,863 |
Phototaxis can be demonstrated in a simple assay in which Synechocystis cells are placed as a liquid droplet on a low-concentration agarose surface. In the presence of a directional light source, usually an LED of a specific wavelength, cells typically begin to move after a few hours and can be monitored using single-particle tracking software (15). As cells move toward the droplet edge that is closest to the light source, they aggregate into groups with increasing motility and directional bias toward the light source (11). At a later stage, this leads to the formation of finger-like projections that emerge from the edge of the colony and contain hundreds of phototactic cells.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
64,670 |
Literature sources referred to in the introductory section indicate that the average life span of a homeless person is shorter by 16–28 years than the values observed in the general population, and ranges from 48 to 51 years. In our study (Table 1) the average age at death of a homeless person was 55.95 years old and this value was smaller by 17.5 years than the one found in the general population. This difference is particularly evident in the group of females and amounts to 25 years (52.00 and 77.33, respectively), whereas the average age at death of a homeless female seems to be lower than in the case of males, inversely than in the general population. Considerable, although typical of this subpopulation, predominance of men makes this difference statistically insignificant p = 0.08 .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
80,368 |
Organic mental disorder was the leading cause of co-morbid mental disability, with a prevalence of 1.87% (99% CI: 1.59–2.15), followed by schizophrenia, schizotypal or delusional disorders (0.26%, 99% CI: 0.17–0.36). Other cause-specific prevalence of co-morbid mental disability was shown in Table 3.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
81,410 |
There is a variety of approaches for developing subsets, such as developing a new reference set or adopting, copying and adapting an existing reference set [37, 38]. In this study, developing a new subset was deemed appropriate, firstly because the development could build upon the existing overview of the study mentioned earlier in which 440 Dutch nurses had already participated and secondly because the involvement of nurses could be maintained in order to improve backing and approval of the final subset.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
299,882 |
Increasing evidence has supported the notion that the translation elongation of nascent polypeptide regulates the targeting of SRP-dependent proteins (du Plessis et al., 2011; Zhang and Shan, 2012), thus decreasing the elongation rate that contributes to the survival of SRP deletion cells. Decreasing the translation elongation rate extends the time window for protein targeting, which plays a critical role in suppressing the loss of SRP (Zhao et al., 2021). SRP binds to the ribosome-nascent chain complex when the N-terminus of the first TMD is exposed from the ribosome. The maximal SRP binding site is 55 amino acids from the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center in E. coli (Schibich et al., 2016). Assuming that ∼30 amino acids can fit into the ribosome exit tunnel (Bornemann et al., 2008), 25 residues would be exposed outside the tunnel. At a translation elongation rate of ∼15 aa s–1 in rapid growth conditions (Zhao et al., 2021), the maximum time required for protein localization is ∼2 s (Figure 5). Thus, with the help of SRP, most translating ribosomes move to the membrane within this period in E. coli. Without SRP, suppressors slowed the translation elongation rate to ∼11 aa s–1 (Figure 3E and Supplementary Table 3), which provides ∼2 s for nascent chains of 55 amino acids to target to the inner membrane (Figure 5). However, it is not likely that nascent chains successfully target to the membrane within ∼2 s without SRP. To get a longer time to find the membrane, the length of translating nascent chains is more likely longer than 55 amino acids. However, the nascent chain cannot exceed a specific length as aggregation would prevent protein from being targeted (Siegel and Walter, 1998; Flanagan et al., 2003), and this specific length is called the critical length (L) for targeting. Proteins with fewer transmembrane domains (TMDs) or longer first loop lengths have a longer critical length (Zhao et al., 2021). Furthermore, if the nascent chain exceeds a critical length of ∼140 amino acids, it becomes translocation-incompetent (Siegel and Walter, 1998; Flanagan et al., 2003). In suppressor cells, the upper limit of the critical time for protein targeting would be ∼10 s (Figure 5). If the targeting time of some SRP-dependent proteins exceeds 10 s, these proteins would not be targeted to the inner membrane in suppressor cells. Thus, the suppressor extends the time window to ∼2–10 s (Figure 5). Taken together, this model shows that SRP greatly shortened the protein targeting time by 8 s, which minimizes the cost of targeting and maintains fast growth. Overall, our data suggest that in response to the deletion of SRP, suppressor cells attenuate translation elongation to give the translating ribosomes more time to find and target to the inner membrane.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
266,089 |
The study included 15 participants. Their age ranged from 38 to 72 years. The mean time post-stroke was 8 years. They presented with mild to moderate severity on the lower extremity section of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMAS) [40, 46, 47]. The characteristics of the participants are summarized in Table 2. One subject did not complete all four conditions of the study. Therefore, his data were excluded from the statistical analysis; data of 14 subjects were analyzed (n = 14).Table 2Participant’s characteristics, use of walking aid, and FMAS score (n = 15)CharacteristicValueGender (n = male/female)10 / 5Age (years, mean ± SD)55.4 ± 14.3Time post stroke (years, mean ± SD)8.3 ± 7.6Hemiparetic side (n = right/left)9 / 6Walking aid (n) In the community11 During training conditions8Orthotic (n)9FMA (score, mean ± SD)21.4 ± 4.67Values are reported as mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise indicatedFMA—the Lower extremity section of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
216,612 |
Groundwater potential is highly determined by the occurrences of lithological features. The lithological features of the study area consist of basalts and trachyte, eluvial sediment, phyric basalt, limestone, and tuff (Figure 5a and Table 1 ). Basaltic rock is compact and hard in nature and insignificant in terms of permeability and porosity. A major part of the study area particularly the middle and lower course of the study watershed is covered by this kind of rock (Figure 5a). The weightage of lithology is assigned based on mineral, alteration, fractures, and weather conditions.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
|
194,589 |
Based on the idea of the vitalization of deep learning models for classification, the saliency maps for regression issues were explored. The saliency maps for classification were calculated using the correctly classified samples. Thus, for regression issues, we defined the “correctly predicted samples” by using the prediction error rate. The prediction error rate was defined as the ratio of differences between the measured value and predicted value to the measured value. No criteria could be found for the prediction error rate. In this study, we defined the samples with a prediction error rate of 5 and 10% as “correctly predicted samples” for saliency map calculation and comparison. Figures 9A,B show the visualization of 1D ResNet model with a prediction error rate of 5 and 10%. In Figure 9A, the wavelengths in the range of 700–720 nm showed higher contributions, followed by the wavelengths in the range of 810–840, 880–940, and 580–600 nm. In Figure 9B, similar results as Figure 9A could be found for the prediction error rate of 10%. Some of the wavelengths in these regions could be found in literature (Choi et al., 2017; Li et al., 2020) for the SSC determination.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
246,554 |
The degree of technical capacity development varied between programs. As an example, Global Health Corps emphasizes developing leadership and management skills; technical skills building occurs through on-the-job training, as their cohort of fellows is interdisciplinary and require a broad set of technical tools. Afya Bora Consortium and STAR utilize similar approaches as well, though the balance of leadership versus technical skills differed across programs.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
99,951 |
Opioid analgesics are frequently used in the management of procedural pain in patients with burn injuries 5, 25, despite the widely recognized burden of opioid‐related adverse events, overuse, and misuse. Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, gabapentin, ketamine, and α 2‐adrenoceptor agonists are potentially useful adjuvants in the treatment of pain in these patients 1, 2, 26.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
202,865 |
What explainability method should be selected in order to have stable explanations? LIME is highly stable only for linear/logistic classifiers, and for lower conciseness levels (higher K values). SHAP instead shows excellent reiteration similarity even at low conciseness.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
|
206,797 |
Finally, another common feature of cancer cells, particularly solid tumours, is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand from active aerobic metabolism, causing regional hypoxia defined as regions of reduced oxygen concentration. This presents both challenges in terms of cell death mechanisms, which are less effective in the context of hypoxia, such as those elicited by radiotherapy, but also potentially exploitable therapeutic opportunities given the effects hypoxia has on several DDR factors [201, 202, 203, 204]. Recent discoveries outside of glioblastoma have revealed key molecular and functional links between the DDR, replication stress signalling and the cGAS‐STING immune pathways [205, 206], and that targeting of replication stress signalling may synergise with immuno‐oncology (IO) therapies [207, 208]. However, the propensity of glioblastoma to escape immunosurveillance, potentially poor receptor expression and anatomical considerations have so far limited progress in the development of effective immunotherapies for glioblastoma compared to other cancers [209, 210, 211, 212]. However, strategies to circumvent such immunosurveillance escape in gliomas have recently been reported and, as more mechanistic understanding around how these pathways interact becomes available, further therapeutic opportunities for gliomas will hopefully be developed. Together, these studies raise the possibility that oncogene‐induced replication stress within residual GSC populations following surgical resection may be targeted with agents that exploit such defective ATR signalling, for example. However, as is unfortunately all too common in glioblastoma research, promising preclinical studies do not necessarily translate into clinical benefit for patients [3, 214] so expectations in this regard need to be measured.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
74,396 |
A female, native German speaker was recorded pronouncing the sentence, “sie <stem>en es <affix>” with various stem-affix combinations, several times each in a sound-proof chamber. In order to avoid biasing the pronunciation, affixes were recorded with stems that would not occur in the experiment, and vice versa. The repetitions which had the same intonation were selected, and stems and affixes were extracted from their contexts. These were then combined to make the desired stimulus combinations. When combining stems and affixes, care was taken that the affix began at the same time, in this case 1116 ms after stimulus onset. Finally, sound energy was normalized at -5 db. All sound editing was performed with Audacity (2018) 2.0.31. For waveforms of an example stem and affixes, see Figure 1.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
269,894 |
The norms provided by Zerbib et al. , Shay et al. , and the EURO-PIG are used in the interpretation of MII-pH in children. For ethical reasons, none of the adopted paediatric reference values were determined by examining a homogenous population of healthy children, which may have explained the poorer correlation of the MII-pH tracing results with the clinical and endoscopic manifestations of GORD in children, compared to the respective results for adults . Cresi et al. overcame this problem and considered symptomatic infants and children with negative MII-pH results. They described the distribution of MII-pH values in children suspected of GORD with normally acidic GOR exposure and no association between GOR events and symptoms . The German Paediatric Impedance Group and the Japanese Pediatric Impedance Working Group recommend the adoption of >70 GOR episodes per 24 h in children aged >1 year and >100 in children aged <1 year as abnormal values that suggest a positive pH-impedance (versus >75 given by Zerbib et al. ). The cut-off points were determined based on a retrospective review of data obtained from a total of 700 patients examined at various centres and representing various clinical conditions and indications for work-up . For the sake of comparison, the Lyon Consensus (2017) adopts <40 episodes detected by impedance to be normal (with and without proton pump inhibitor treatment), and >80 episodes to be pathological, and classifying the intermediate values as inconclusive . The pH-impedance tracings that we analysed in conjunction with the endoscopic assessment of the oesophagus were obtained from a group of 67 children with chronic NI prospectively studied according to a unified study protocol . The study population was uniform in terms of severity of gross motor impairment (classified at level IV and V of the Gross Motor Function Classification System), nutritional status, and the nutritional model and was therefore representative of the population. Moreover, the visual assessment of pH-impedance tracings, which preceded automated analysis, was carried out by the same investigators, who had ample experience in performing this procedure.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
11,596 |
A recent Brazilian study reported that surface CD64 (FcγRI) expression on circulating neutrophils increased significantly during ENL, while BL/LL patients without ENL had lower levels of CD64 (25). In addition, CD64 expression on neutrophils decreased after thalidomide treatment (25). Moreover, the higher levels of CD64 on circulating neutrophils were correlated with disease severity (25). This study demonstrated the potential of CD64 as an early biomarker for ENL and as a marker of severity (25). CD64 (FcγRI) is the high-affinity receptor for monomeric IgG1 and IgG3 (26). While resting neutrophils express low levels of CD64 (26), an increase of neutrophil CD64 surface expression is observed in certain Gram negative bacterial infections (27) and has been associated with the prognosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation during sepsis (28). The authors suggested that CD64 upregulation during ENL could be due to the presence of inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and GM-CSF (29) or certain intracellular components of fragmented M. leprae bacilli following treatment with MDT (25). This was further supported by clinical studies showing that although ENL may also occur before initiation of treatment with MDT, the incidence of ENL is higher during treatment with MDT (5, 30).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
372,742 |
Clinical and pathological factors determining PanNET recurrence after surgery are numerous (Table 3). None of them alone allow an accurate estimation of the risk of recurrence, and it remains unclear which patients should be surveilled closely, with which schedule, and for how long after curative pancreatic resection. Currently, nomograms represent the most accurate and discriminating tools for predicting recurrence in patients with PanNET, enabling the integration of multiple variables. These tools can be used by physicians to provide treatment and follow-up recommendations; however, prospective validation of such models is still required. Moreover, as yet none of these models is capable to of predicting long-term recurrence-free survival (up to 10 year). Therefore, although they can provide help in planning an appropriate follow-up, none is currently capable of selecting of patients for which the postsurgical surveillance can be discontinued. In addition, while many genomic alterations have shown to carry a prognostic significance in retrospective studies, these have not been integrated with clinical and pathological variables in a prospective setting. For future strategies, current clinical prediction tools should be integrated with the results of genomic and transcriptomic sequencing techniques and ALT evaluation. Novel biomarkers, larger data sets, longer follow-up, and more sophisticated modeling procedures will ultimately improve prognostic accuracy and enhance management of this heterogeneous group of neoplasms.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
129,170 |
C. burnetii protein microarrays were produced as previously published with modifications (29). Briefly, purified proteins were mixed with array printing buffer and then printed onto nitrocellulose coated glass slides with an Omni Grid 100 microarray printer (Genomic Solutions). Serum samples were diluted to 1:100 and mixed with E. coli lysate (GenScript, Piscataway, NJ) and a His-tag-containing peptide (HHHHHHHHHHGGGG) (Biomatik, Wilmington, DE) to a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, and pre-incubated at room temperature for 30 min to block any anti-His antibodies generated by the immunizations. Meanwhile, arrays were rehydrated for 30 min in blocking buffer. Arrays were probed with pre-incubated serum or PBS with 0.05% Tween (negative control) overnight at 4°C. Arrays were washed with TBS plus 0.05% Tween 20 then probed with anti-mouse IgG with streptavidin-conjugated Qdot®800 (Cat #Q10171MP, Thermofisher) at 1:200 dilution. Array images acquired using an ArrayCAM® Imaging System (Grace Bio-Labs, Bend, OR, USA) to measure relative signal intensity corrected for negative control arrays.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
133,908 |
Keller et al. (35) described a series of nine cases of hepatosplenic/hepatocytotropic lymphomas. Immunophenotype was assessed via FC, and immunohistochemistry and neoplastic cells expressed CD3+ (5/7), TCRαβ- (5/5), TCRγδ+ (3/5), CD11d+ (6/7). CD8α was inconsistently expressed in 4/6 cases, and CD4 and CD8β were not expressed in any of the cases. The positivity to CD11d suggests an origin from the splenic red pulp and may help to differentiate hepatosplenic from hepatocytotropic lymphomas; these findings are consistent with what has been described in human medicine (36).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
105,633 |
As with many diseases in pregnancy, little is known about HBV infection and it was generally accepted that inactive hepatitis B (IHB) infection did not affect gestation or pregnancy outcome (7, 8). However, although conflicting, challenge this belief (9) as some studies have explored the impact of this infection on pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, prepartum hemorrhage, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, fetal macro-somia or poor the other pregnancy outcomes) (10–30).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
100,979 |
In England, GPs in Somerset are already working under a locally agreed alternative to QOF. Nationally, the General Practitioners Committee has announced that it is working with the government to look at removing QOF as it stands from a new GP contract. These shifts in the medico-political landscape are against the backdrop of two important and rigorous quantitative analyses. Both have shed considerable doubt on the benefit of QOF. The first, published in the BMJ in 2015, revealed that QOF had not directly led to any decrease in premature mortality rates. The second, published in the Lancet in 2016, found that QOF had not been associated with any significant changes in population-level mortality.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
171,227 |
The X-ray crystal structures of murine Keap1 in complex with inhibitor RA839 (PDB code: 5CGJ) , human MPO bound to inhibitor 7-benzyl-1H-triazolo [4,5-b]pyridin-5-amine (PDB code: 6WYD) , and bovine XO complexed with quercetin (PDB code: 3NVY) were downloaded from the RCSB Protein Data Bank (https://www.rcsb.org) (access date: 19 June 2021). Proteins and the bound ligands were separated by using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer (Dassault Systèmes, San Diego, CA, USA). The three proteins were prepared as receptors, whereas the CS peptides to be docked were prepared as ligands by using AutoDockTools 1.5.6, all saved in the PDBQT format as previously described . The docking of CS peptides to these three protein targets was performed by using Webina 1.0.2 (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA). To validate our docking protocol, redocking of the crystallographic ligands to the respective proteins were performed and the root mean square deviation (RMSD) were obtained. Coordinates of the docking-box center and box size, as well as the RMSD values obtained, are provided in Table S1. Through preliminary trials, the box settings were chosen by centering on the original position of the co-crystalized ligand and then optimized to achieve an RMSD of <2 Å in the redocked co-crystalized ligand. The 3D diagrams of protein-peptide docking models were visualized with BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer. The 2D diagrams of protein-peptide interaction were prepared with LigPlot+ v.2.2 .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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97,518 |
Active methods use their own light source in the imaging system for the active illumination of the scene . The sensor is usually focused on known features from this light source. Then, the illumination and the features are designed to be easily measured in most environments. Since they have difficulties with varying surface finish or sharp discontinuities such as edges , compared with the passive approach, active visual sensing techniques are in general more accurate and reliable . Active sensors could be classified into two broad categories : triangulation and time delay. The former rely on the triangulation principle using the light system, the scene and the sensor. The main differences between the methods include the nature of the controlled illumination (laser or incoherent light) and its geometry (beam, sheet, or projected pattern). Laser triangulators, structured light and moiré methods are examples that fall into this level. Time delay systems measure the time between emission and detection of light reflected by the scene (Time-of-flight, ToF) or the phase difference between two waves (Interferometry). Focusing on the ToF, pulsed-light and continuous wave modulation are the technologies available nowadays. Pulsed-light sensors directly measure the round-trip time of a light pulse. In order to obtain a range map, they use either rotating mirrors (LIDAR - Light Detection and Ranging o Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging) or a light diffuser (Flash LIDAR). LIDAR cameras usually operate outdoors and their range can be up to a few kilometers. Continuous wave sensors measure the phase difference between the emitted and received signals and usually operate indoors. Thier ambiguity-free range is usually fixed from 30 cm to 7 m . A extensive comparison of ToF technologies can be found in .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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