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The pig farms were classified into four production types based on their farm size: small-scale confined (1–4 grown pigs), scavenging small scale (1–4 grown pigs), medium scale (5–11 grown pigs), and large scale (12–30 grown pigs). The distribution by production type was 58.5% for small, 8.5% for small scavenging, 23% for medium, and 10% large-scale farms (Table 1) (11). The scavenging farms let pigs roam around during the day or night or both as they scavenge for their feed (31).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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5,742 |
Excised and fixed mammary glands were immersed in reagent 1 for 2–3 days. Glands were removed and stained with methyl green (0.5% (w/v)), Harris haematoxylin (10%) or carmine for 1.5–2 h at room temperature with gentle agitation. After staining, tissues were rinsed twice in tap water and once in distilled water before de-staining with acid alcohol (50% ethanol with hydrochloric acid (25 mM)) for 20 minutes and immersion in reagent 2. For detection of β-glucosidase expression (magenta histochemical stain) , mammary glands were excised and fixed for 4 h at room temperature. Endogenous β-glucosidase activity was heat inactivated at 65 °C for 15 minutes in PBS. Whole mammary glands were incubated for 48 h at 50 °C in a solution containing 1 part Solution A (5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indolyl- β-D-glucopyranoside (1% (w/v)) in DMSO) and 25 parts solution B (magnesium chloride (0.02% (w/v)), potassium ferricyanide (0.096% (w/v)) and potassium ferrocyanide (0.13% (w/v)) in PBS). Mammary glands were post-fixed in 10% NBF overnight at 4 °C and cleared using the standard CUBIC-clearing protocol.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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354,626 |
Surgeries were performed by first- through third-year periodontics residents. Subjects were administered local anesthesia only, or local anesthesia in conjunction with oral anxiolysis or intravenous moderate sedation. The surgical technique included full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap reflection at the deficient alveolar ridge site followed by CTRAM positioning and assessment for appropriate fit. Intra-marrow perforations were made through the cortical bone in the graft area. The CTRAM were then fixated with either one or two fixation screws as necessary to achieve complete immobilization (Fig. 4). Fig. 4Surgical fixation of CTRAM at site #19 with two screws
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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90,457 |
In addition, certain codon pairs are over- or under-represented in some ORFeomes, and this bias was accounted for in the RRT as a codon pair multiplier. A codon pair multiplier indicates the enrichment (or under-enrichment) of codon A at the -1 position with respect to codon B (5’-A-B-3’), relative to the average local usage frequency of A codons near B codons. For example, to calculate the codon pair multiplier for encoding Leu with CTA before TGC, the average usage frequency of CTA is calculated for all Leu residues within 17 codon windows centered on all TGC codons, with the exception of Leu at the -1 position. The usage frequency of CTA at the -1 position is calculated separately, and the ratio of these two usage frequencies (CTA frequency at -1/average local CTA frequency) gives the codon pair multiplier.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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32,630 |
The Italian study includes 200 certified GF foods and many foods that are naturally gluten-free—such as buckwheat, quinoa, etc. These are rarely included in other studies, and there is a paucity of data on these products in the current literature. Therefore, assessing the safety of these products is another valuable part of this review that may improve the nutritional quality and the experience of a GF diet for gluten-sensitive individuals. The benefits of these products, as highlighted by the authors, is very informative for any professional giving dietary advice. particularly as they are wholegrain cereals, such food products are welcome additions to a GFD given the concerns about the high sugar content of some GF foods. The study provides statistical analysis, consideration of factors such as cost, and a categorisation of foods into types (and meal types). The Italian study reports some important findings, namely that four out of five oat samples tested were contaminated with gluten, as were several sample of buckwheat and lentils (the latter was unexpected and the authors state that the origin of the contamination is unknown). Sadly, the authors do not specify the individual brands, or whether the samples were certified as GF. Lunch and dinner foods were more contaminated compared to snack products. Hence, professionals working with coeliac patients should consider highlighting the importance of buying certified gluten-free oats and oats-based products.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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43,594 |
We show in Fig. 7A,B the results for the random procedure. For q = 0.1, 〈ρ(t)〉 has a plateau for large times, so the trapping states for the dynamics exist. Furthermore, the diagram of the fraction of realizations falling in the trapping states in Fig. 7B is similar to those obtained for fully connected networks in Fig. 5 and Poissonian random networks in Fig. 6. Even the value of q* is maintained in a close range of values. The presence of heterogeneity in the node degrees does not seem thus to have a large impact in this case. However, this is no longer true when the interlayer links are correlated. Figure 7C–F show the simulation outcomes for these two connection procedures. The trapping states are still present in both cases, although the plateaus of 〈ρ(t)〉 for q = 0.1 appear at different levels: lower than random for high-low networks (Fig. 7C) and even lower or not a at all for high-high ones (Fig. 7E). To understand the effect of the correlated connection procedures and the mean degree, we display the fraction of trapped realizations diagrams in Fig. 7D,F. In both cases, the full diagram is displaced to the left, toward lower values of q, as also it is q*. The reason for this difference respect to the random multilayered configurations is in the role played by the hubs. While in the random multilayers, especially for low values of q, the hubs are unlikely selected to have an inter-layer connection, in the case of the correlated multilayer networks they are always selected either to connect to other hubs or to low degree nodes. The hubs in the voter model are the most influential nodes, since their opinion has a larger chance to be copied by the rest of the layer. The formation of the trapping states passes through having one layer in one majority opinion and the other in the opposite one. If the hubs are involved in the inter-layer connections, this configuration is harder to reach. This effect naturally displaces q* toward lower values, so much so if the correlations are of the type high-high since getting both layers to disagree is more difficult.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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276,397 |
Transcriptomic data matrix contains Ensembl IDs, while proteomic data comes with UniProt IDs. To convert these IDs into five different ID types (Ensemble gene ID, gene name, HGNC symbol, gene description, and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID) we used the getBM function of biomaRt package version 2.46.3 (Durinck et al., 2009) to fetch the latest information from the Ensembl database (Yates et al., 2020). We have incorporated the possibility of ID conversion for 9 species (Human, Chicken, Pig, Cow, Mouse, Rat, Dog, Drosophilla melanogaster and C.elegans) in OMnalysis.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
364,593 |
We found that topical emollient therapy with SSO was safe, highly acceptable and had positive health impacts in children with SAM when applied as a brief adjunctive therapy alongside the current standard-of-care. Emollient therapy improved skin condition and barrier function, reduced the risk of nosocomial infection, and showed a trend for increasing the rate of weight gain. However, further research in other populations with longer treatment duration and follow-up, and microbiological diagnosis of infections is needed to strengthen the findings of the study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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157,777 |
The hippocampal surface is directly accessible during temporal lobe surgery29. In this work, we used this unique opportunity to implement a novel recording approach with conformal thin-film microgrid arrays (2 mm spacing, 4 × 8 layout; Fig. 1a), enabling uniform two-dimensional sampling of hippocampal activity in vivo at high density30.Fig. 1Bidirectional traveling oscillations over the hippocampal surface.a Microgrid and connector (left) with dime for scale. b Lateral view of left hippocampus within 3D glass brain, and enlarged view (rotated) with approximate size and positioning of microgrid placement (blue line: superior, green: anterior, black: lateral). Coronal cross-section schematic of subfields at right. c Filtered LFP around example peak frequency (13.8 ± 1.5 Hz, awake Participant 5) in color scheme (microvolts), white lines separate grid rows. Cycle lags evident across consecutive electrodes suggest spatiotemporal wave travel. d Direction of TW in (c) calculated every 10 ms (size and shading: regression R2). In this segment, the oscillation initially travels antero-inferiorly, then directionality declines briefly (low R2) followed by a robust reemergence in a postero-superior route. e Instantaneous phase shown in grid orientation for consecutive timepoints (top panel: dotted line in (d)), phase gradient illustrating antero-inferior directionality. f Same as (e), for example, timepoints with postero-superior directionality. g Top and bottom panels show regression model R2 values (green) for upper panels in (e and f), respectively, shuffled distributions in gray (dotted line: 99% confidence interval). h Circular distribution of directions for this frequency for all baseline period timepoints (10° bins, blue arrows: modes; Inf: inferior, Pos: posterior, Sup: superior, Ant: anterior).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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303,596 |
We examined seed output by unattacked capitula in two ways. It has been reported elsewhere that seed output in C. solstitialis does not vary among capitula by size. We first examined the hypothesis that seed output increased linearly with capitulum size using Model 1 linear regression with the independent variable (size class) fixed and the dependent variable (seed output) having repeated observations. Statistical calculations followed the method described in Sokal and Rohlf for the case with unequal sample sizes. To test that seed output increased linearly with capitulum size, we tested the ratio of the mean square for the linear regression to the mean square of deviations from linear regression.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
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152,823 |
Sequence contamination, such as the adaptor sequence, low quality bases and some impurity sequences, are often introduced during the sequencing. This data corruption must be removed to acquire the quality sequences for later analysis. The 3’ end of the read was trimmed and bases with average quality less than Q20 (the percentage of bases with a Phred value > 20) were removed. In addition, reads shorter than 60% of the original length were moved.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
381,365 |
The data of vaccinations performed by service providers (administrative records) are available for roughly estimating vaccination coverage in a target population (e.g., population aged 1-3 years), but are not useful in providing accurate estimates unless they include the age-specific number of persons vaccinated each year.4,5 Household questionnaire surveys on individual vaccination histories are another source used in many countries.3 Although such surveys directly provide the data of vaccination coverage in a target population, they raise several problematic issues.6 Non-responses and incorrect answers tend to induce biases in vaccination coverage.7,8
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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262,268 |
Microbial population data consisted of (percent) normalized OTUs. Graphical representations along the PC1 (33.8%) and PC2 (26.3%) axis had a 60.1 percent average variance. Sample 6 was widely distributed in different taxa as compared to sample 3, followed by sample 4, 5, 2 and 1, with sample 1 being the least abundant and shown in Figure 4. The Venn diagram showing the number of taxa shared by, or unique to, the different samples were built using the Venn and galaxy project (URL: usegalaxy.org, accessed on 27 February 2022) . The most common species in all samples was Wigglesworthia brevipalpis, shown in (Figure S4a–o).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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380,138 |
A large proportion of cases reported in Australia from January until now were imported from overseas. It is critical to account for two distinct populations in the case notification data – imported and locally acquired – in order to perform robust analyses of transmission in the early stages of this outbreak. The estimated time-varying R𝑒𝑓𝑓 value is based on cases that have been identified as a result of local transmission, whereas imported cases contribute to transmission only (Thompson et al., 2019).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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145,257 |
The convincing results, i.e., that OCT can detect focal retinal RTSD, made us consider its use as a targeting tool to identify individuals with CVI causing VF defects. We addressed this in our study IV (Jacobson et al., 2020), in which we investigated ten subjects with spastic CP, a patient group with high risk of injury to the OR. Using our established method of fiber tractography of the OR and OCT of the GC+IPL, we found, again, focal thinning of the GC+IPL in cases with damage to the OR, resulting in VF defects. In individuals without injuries affecting the OR, we found no focal GC+IPL thinning or VF defects.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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156,295 |
When the buoyancy effect is negligible, the temporal behaviour of the typical size of the puff, denoted by L(t), animated by a typical velocity uL∼L/t, follows from the momentum conservation law of the puff, L3uL=const; note that, the typical translational velocity of the puff is determined in a Lagrangian frame of reference, following the point associated with the maximum velocity of the puff: L(t)∼L0(t/t0)1/4 and thus uL(t)∼u0(t/t0)−3/4. Here, L0 and u0=L0/t0 are the typical cloud size and cloud velocity at the end of the jet phase. These scaling behaviours have been obtained in from the large-scale Navier–Stokes equations. These latter indeed reduce to a diffusive equation with a time-dependent eddy viscosity νT(t)∼(t/t0)−1/2L02/t0. The scaling laws of the puff bulk properties thus follow from simple power counting. Once the scaling behaviour of L(t) is known, one can easily predict the power-law decay for the large-scale temperature difference, TL, between the puff and the cooler ambient. TL is indeed proportional to the reciprocal of the cloud volume L3, from which: TL∼T0(L/L0)−3=T0(t/t0)−3/4. Note that the theory discussed above is based on a time-dependent eddy viscosity closure and predicts the scaling behaviour for the (sole) bulk properties. As a results, we found the same scaling laws for the typical radius of the puff and for the distance from the origin travelled by the puff. It then follows that, apart prefactors, lengths in a puff obey the same scaling behaviours and the same applies also for the typical fluctuating velocities inside the puff and the mean velocity of the puff. They are indeed dimensionally related to the typical radius of the puff and to the distance it travels from the origin.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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379,313 |
Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) using environmental parameters as explanatory variables of the main orders. SPM, suspended particulate matter; Nano, SPM after 20 μm net filtration; Sed, SPM enriched with sediments; Pre, Pre-monsoon; Post, Post-monsoon; Temp, temperature; Sal, salinity; DON, dissolved organic nitrogen; DOC, dissolved organic carbon; Chl a: chlorophyll a; POC, particulate organic carbon; Betaproteo, Betaproteobacteriales; Sphingomonas, Sphingomonadales; Planctomy, Planctomycetales; Chthonio, Chthoniobacterales.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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221,273 |
In the challenging beam traversal test, two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of age (F(1,83) = 22.46, p < 0.0001) and treatment (F(2,83) = 5.72, p = 0.0047) on the number of foot errors. Post hoc analysis of multiple comparisons showed that the control group of Thy1SNCA/15 mice receiving adjuvant made significantly more errors per trial at 6 months of age compared to 10 weeks (p < 0.0001), and compared to 6 month-old Wt mice (Wt-Adj: 3.1, Tg-Adj: 5.1; p < 0.0001). The number of errors per trial was not significantly different between Wt mice and UB-312 treated Thy1SNCA/15 mice (p = 0.38).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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378,109 |
The design goal of the experiment was to gather data on a broad spectrum of catches with a multitude of athletes and a wide range of possible conditions. In this case, a neural network, used as the signal processing algorithm, is forced to train its parameters on general signal information of catches and drops, not on specific ones from an athlete, pass, catching motion, or alike. For that reason, nearly no restrictions were given to the participants of the experiment within the task of data acquisition. The only relevant restriction was to try to catch the pass and do not fake drops, since the data should represent natural circumstances. Though, uncatchable passes, e.g., passes which are thrown not near enough to the receiver, are not considered a valid try, and should not be logged.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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353,397 |
In search of the factors responsible for the high Sox2 levels in the CAF-CM-treated sublines, we noticed that, along with the Sox2 level, Bcl-3, and P-STAT3 levels were elevated in LCM-AnD5 and LCMF-AnD5 cells and, additionally, integrin β1 in LCM-AnD5 cells (Figure 1C,D, left panels). The same three factors showed increased levels also in the CAF-CM-treated fulvestrant-resistant sublines C-FR1, C-FR2, and C-FR3 . In contrast, in LIL6A-AnD5 and LIL6B-AnD5 cells, which do not express Sox2 at high levels, only the Bcl-3 level was upregulated, while the P-STAT3 and integrin β1 levels were similar or lower than those in AnD5 cells (Figure S1E). All three factors have been linked to Sox2 expression, whereby STAT3 is a direct regulator of Sox2 transcription and may be of particular importance .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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317,986 |
The concentration of AgNO3 in the preparation process of PEG/SMS-CSP possessed an obvious effect on the thermal conductivity of the ss-PCMs, and Fig. 15 showed the thermal conductivity of 70% PEG/SMS-CSP with different AgNO3 concentration. When the concentration of AgNO3 was 200 mg/L, it could be seen that the thermal conductivity of PEG/CSP was 0.42 W/(m K), and when the concentration of AgNO3 was 400 mg/L, the thermal conductivity of 70% PEG/SMS-CSP increased gently. When the AgNO3 concentration was 600 mg/L, the thermal conductivity of 70% PEG/SMS-CSP increased suddenly, which might be due to the fact that when the AgNO3 concentration was 400 mg/L, a small number of silver microspheres were obtained by in-situ reduction at 1300 ºC, and the silver microspheres could not contact with each other, resulting in the inhibition of electron transfer between silver microspheres particles, and leading to the decrease of the thermal conductivity of 70% PEG/SMS-CSP. When the AgNO3 concentration was 600 mg/L, more silver microspheres could be obtained, and the spherical structure of silver microspheres played a "bridging" role between PEG and porous-carbon, which provided a favorable heat flow channel and promoted the formation of thermal network and led to the rapid increase of thermal conductivity of the 70% PEG/SMS-CSP. When AgNO3 concentration was 800 mg/L, the thermal conductivity of 70% PEG/SMS-CSP could reach 0.78 W/(m K), which was increased by 300% compared to that of the pure PEG. It could be found that when the concentration of AgNO3 increased from 600 to 800 mg/L, the increment of the thermal conductivity of 70% PEG/SMS-CSP was slight. The reason was because when the concentration of AgNO3 was 600 mg/L, the adsorption amount of silver ions by cotton stalk porous-carbon was nearly saturated. Hence, when the concentration of AgNO3 increased to be 800 mg/L, the increment of the adsorption quantity of silver ions by CSP was small, and therefore, after in-situ reduction the amount of silver microspheres on the surface of CSP increased a little, resulting in a slight increase for the thermal conductivity of 70% PEG/SMS-CSP while the concentration of AgNO3 increased from 600 to 800 mg/L.Figure 15The thermal conductivity of 70% PEG/SMS-CSP at different AgNO3 concentration.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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342,744 |
The vendor V performs the following steps on receiving an update U:Computes the hash of patch file Ut:=H(U)Sets N as the total count of IoTs diSets M as the total count of piecesPrepares the payload as: P:=(U,signvi{Ut},di), where di is represented as an ordered list of the IoT devices public keysComputes the hash of the payload Pt:=H(P)Sets ΔLifeTime as sufficient time for vendor V to seed the patchEmits an event announcing the availability of patch update. Both the distributor nodes ki’s and IoT devices di’s are listening to the events emitted by the vendor V known by his public key pki. Once the event is received, the following set of operations are performed:Corresponding to the hash Pt, the distributor requests vendor V for the payload via the DSN network.The vendor V begins the seeding of the payload P using the DSN network. The vendor seeds the payload P for a reasonable time within which some distributor ki can receive the update.After completely downloading the package P, ki verifies that: the patch is published by the vendor.the integrity of the patch is maintained throughout the communication.ki then announces via DHT to its peers as a possible source of the patch update.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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232,526 |
The general data distribution was approximately log-normal. There is some skewness which may be due to the LOQ data, which fulfill both retention time and wavelength spectra requisites, being included in the analysis. The overall coefficient of variation was 65%, varying from 0.31 in A. opercularis to 78% in wild mussels.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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273,511 |
If \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$S = \left\{ {s_{1} ,s_{2} , \ldots ,s_{n} } \right\}$$\end{document}S=s1,s2,…,sn and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f\left( {s_{i} } \right) = x_{i} ,i = 1, \ldots ,n$$\end{document}fsi=xi,i=1,…,n with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$x_{i} \le x_{i + 1}$$\end{document}xi≤xi+1,
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
356,826 |
A 20-year-old male presented to surgical emergency with complaints of acute onset throbbing pain of the left hemiscrotum for one day. He had no associated fever. He also had difficulty defecating and a sense of rectal fullness that had gradually increased over one month. The patient had previously presented with acute urinary retention features three weeks before this episode, for which he was catheterized. He was then evaluated by the urology team, who found an enlarged prostate. The patient’s urinalysis showed plenty of red blood cells (RBCs), traces of protein with no pus cells on their further evaluation. An ultrasonogram (USG) done at that time showed an enlarged prostate with thickened left side cord structures and increased vascularity, which was suggestive of prostatitis and left epididymo-orchitis with funiculitis. He was then managed conservatively with oral antibiotics.
| 3 | 1clinical
| 3Clinical case
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103,591 |
We additionally evaluated whether topical blockade of GM-CSF had any effect on the frequencies of pathogenic Th17 cells that promote inflammation and disease severity. In the draining lymph nodes, we found significantly reduced frequencies of Th17 cells in mice treated with anti–GM-CSF compared with control-treated animals (0.6 ± 0.07-fold change in the anti–GM-CSF group compared to IgG control, P = 0.003, Fig. 5A).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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15,636 |
A total of 613 patients were screened. Of these, 491 patients entered the single-blind placebo run-in period, and 328 were randomized into the double-blind period to treatment with placebo (n = 65), AZL-M 40 mg (n = 132), or AZL-M 80 mg (n = 131) (Fig. 2). However, one patient in the AZL-M 80-mg group was randomized twice and excluded from the full and safety analyses sets. Primary reasons for screen failure prior to the single-blind placebo run-in period were patients not meeting entrance criteria (59.8%, 73/122) and voluntary withdrawal (28.7%, 35/122). Primary reasons for non-randomization to receive study drug were patients not meeting entry criteria (89.0%, 145/163) and voluntary withdrawal (8.6%, 14/163).Fig. 2Patient disposition. Patients could have had more than one reason for discontinuation; only the primary reason is presented. AE, adverse event; AZL-M, azilsartan medoxomil
| 4 | 1clinical
| 1Other
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343,673 |
Thus, bevacizumab may be a significant and clinically relevant treatment option for patients with HHT with liver AVMs, although the liver AVMs are not cured with bevacizumab treatment, and long-term treatment might be necessary. Thus, bevacizumab may be a supplementary treatment option in patients before or in order to postpone or avoid OLT. Timing of OLT in HHT-patients with with liver AVMs and organ dysfunction is crucial. Pulmonary hypertension is a relative contraindication for OLT, and listing must be considered prior to this complication. When that is said, it is difficult to know whether there is a reversibility of both right heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, which leaves it difficult to decide, when the window closes for transplantation. Finally, due to the limited data available from bevacizumab treatment of non-cancer diseases, and specifically HHT, very little is known about adverse effects during long-term treatment. Continuous VEGF-inhibition could markedly affect normal physiological processes such as wound healing, vascular homeostasis and cardiovascular function [24, 47–51]. Furthermore, positive short-term effects, even immensely promising ones, are no guarantee of positive long-term effects.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
193,930 |
The elemental and structural characteristics of the eggshell are shown in Figure 1a–c. The structural feature of the eggshell in Figure 1a–c shows that the eggshell consists of calcite crystals with an organic complex. Figure 1d represents the presence of elements such as O (59.3%), Ca (25.2%), C (15.1%), and Mg (0.4%) in the eggshell. Figure 2 shows the XRD pattern of prepared pure and F doped HAp samples. The 2θ diffraction peak values at 38.14° (002), 41.66° (102), 43.9° (210), 47.71° (211), 48.2° (112), 49.23° (300), 51.11° (202), 62.23° (310), 73.15° (222), 76.21° (312), 78.12° (213), 81.32° (104), and 83.35° (401), were detected for undoped pure HAp samples (Figure 2). The hexagonal crystallographic HAp phase is identified based on the above XRD results, which is also confirmed by the standard ICCD data file 09-0432 . Furthermore, the 2θ diffraction peak values at 38.09° (002), 41.08° (102), 43.24° (210), 47.85° (211), 48.5° (112), 49.16° (300), 51.32° (202), 60.32° (310), 73.35° (222), 76.32° (312), 78.13° (213), 81.22° (104), and 83.42° (401) was detected for FHAp-1 samples (Figure 2). FHAp-2 and FHAp-3 also showed similar peak values to the FHAp-1 samples. The F− ions are incorporated inside the HAp structure because of its unique replacing capacity with hydroxyl groups (OH−) from Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 to Ca10(PO4)6 F2 . The incorporation of F ions brings about changes in the HAp structure. The incorporation of F inside the HAp structure leads to a variation in the lattice parameters as well as the unit cell volume. The observed variation in the unit cell volume and lattice parameters are shown in Table 1.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
45,647 |
The loss tangent increases slightly with the RCA replacement ratio and increases significantly when the RAC was added with modified admixtures. Compared with the loss tangent of RCA-0 at the exciting force amplitude of 200 N, the loss tangents increased by 1.2% (RCA-30), 5.5% (RCA-70), 20.1% (RCA-MSF + PF), 71.0% (RCA-RP + SF), and 47.4% (RCA-FA + US), respectively.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
313,275 |
All tumor cases in our neurooncological center were discussed in a weekly, interdisciplinary tumor board. The therapy regimen regarding operative resection or conservative treatment was decided in interdisciplinary discourse based on international guidelines [EANO].
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
177,518 |
The summary statistics and correlations among variables of the study are displayed in Table 2. Correlations between entrepreneurship education and founding passion was positive and significant (r=0.50, p<0.01). For Hypothesis 1, a one-way ANOVA was conducted to examine the influence of entrepreneurship education on founding passion; we entered a binary variable for whether or not the student took the entrepreneurship course as a predictor and their founding passion as a dependent variable. As a result, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups [F(1, 152)=46.22, p<0.001, ηp2=0.23]. Therefore, Hypothesis 1 is supported. Students who took an entrepreneurship class showed statistically significant higher levels of founding passion compared to students who did not take an entrepreneurship class. Tables 3 and 4 display the means and standard deviations of found passion across different conditions.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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24,424 |
A PCA assuming two components was run on z-transformed vocabulary scores. Only the first component had an eigenvalue >1 and it explained 50.39% of the total variance. Factor 1 loaded on all vocabulary tests (see Table 7). Again, no clear picture about a distinction between productive and receptive vocabulary tests was obtained.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
183,371 |
The integrated analysis for the altered miRNA and genes was performed using miRNet (https://www.mirnet.ca (accessed on 5 May 2021)), which is a valuable bioinformatics tool to generate miRNA-target interaction networks at different levels for a wide range of pathologies . The miRNet network emphasizes a direct interconnection among the evaluated miRNAs and genes, displaying new insights in CD.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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90,783 |
In comparison to previous studies [10, 15], our study focused on detecting ERG expression rather than the TMPRESS2-ERG rearrangement. Park et al found IHC detection of ERG to have high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the assessment of TMPRESS2-ERG fusion status, and another study found that ERG IHC expression was congruent with the TMPRESS2-ERG fusion . These results were further validated by a larger cohort study that the ERG IHC results could be used as a simple and accurate surrogate for TMPRESS2-ERG fusion status detection . Previous studies, however, have highlighted the different clinical implications that exist for genetic alterations in CTCs vs. tissue , thus it has not yet been clearly determined whether tissue or blood would provide the most clinically useful ERG IHC results.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
239,052 |
NHDFs were obtained from Lonza (Walkersvill, MD, USA). Leigh syndrome patient-derived skin (7S) fibroblasts were kindly provided by Koinobori Associate Inc., which supports research on mitochondrial diseases under approval from the ethical committees of our institution and Koinobori Associate Inc. The human uterine endometrial gland-derived mesenchymal cell line EPC100 was acquired from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank, where it is assigned JCRB1538. NHDFs and EPC100 cells were maintained in high-glucose DMEM (043-30085, Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical, Osaka, Japan) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific Incorporated, Waltham, MA USA). The 7S fibroblasts were maintained in low-glucose DMEM with pyruvate (11885084) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific incorporated). All cell lines were incubated at 37 °C under 5% CO2 and cultured at ~ 80% confluence.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
179,415 |
Myeloid Acly deficiency barely alters systemic and local immune responses in acute endotoxin-induced peritonitis. (A) Control and AclyM-KO mice received an intraperitoneal injection of LPS or vehicle control. After 2 hours, spleens, blood and peritoneal fluid were collected. (B) Splenic gene expression of inflammatory cytokines. (C) Peritoneal and plasma cytokine levels in vehicle control and LPS-treated control and AclyM-KO mice. (D) Peritoneal exudate cell counts. (E) Relative distribution of peritoneal exudate cell levels as assessed by flow cytometry. (F) Relative distribution of white blood cells as assessed by flow cytometry. (G) Abundance of blood monocyte subsets as defined by Ly6C expression. Values represent mean ± SEM [n=3/3/10/10 (Ctrl vehicle/KO vehicle/Ctrl LPS/KO LPS)]. *P<0.05 by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Sidak’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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98,129 |
Despite these policy developments, there have been an increasing number of criticisms about the nature of PPI in practice. There is uncertainty about how to do it well, in ways that constitute genuine partnerships and which involve a diversity of patients and the public, rather than a few selected individuals.21–23 In particular, in the area of patient safety, the literature on PPI has been seen as dominated by a biomedical approach,24 25 has been atheoretical26 and has not addressed power inequities and discrimination.27 This has exposed PPI to criticisms of exclusivity and tokenism.28
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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336,043 |
Health screening and medical claims data were extracted from the Health Insurance Association for Architecture and Civil Engineering companies (HIA2CE), one of the largest employment-based health insurance associations in Japan. HIA2CE provides health insurance to approximately 400,000 insured individuals in approximately 1800 construction-related companies throughout Japan, from large general contractors to small regional construction companies.
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
169,126 |
Six male 6-week-old F344/Njcl-rnu/rnu rats (CLEA Japan, Tokyo, Japan), which lack T-cell function, were used. The age of the rats was decided as per previous reports (Yoshikawa et al., 1996; Surowiec et al., 2020). Rats were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 mg/kg medetomidine (Nippon Zenyaku Kogyo, Fukushima, Tokyo, Japan), 4.0 mg/kg midazolam (Astellas Pharma, Tokyo, Japan), and 5.0 mg/kg butorphanol (Meiji Seika Pharma, Tokyo, Japan).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
119,079 |
The sensitivity analysis showed that no individual study had an extreme influence on the pooled effect (Table 4). The publication bias was measured by using Begg's test, which showed no evidence of significant publication bias (p = 0.868), and by visualizing the funnel plot, which was symmetrical (Figure 4).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
7,010 |
In 2010, in a discussion document about future possible reforms, the EC emphasised the importance of public health nutrition, and stated that the CAP needed to contribute to this . However, subsequent reforms have failed as yet to demonstrate any commitment to this stated priority. It remains the case that improving the public's health through healthier nutrition is still not in any way a stated objective of the CAP.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
255,246 |
Three of 10 cases of hip involvement were excluded because total hip arthroplasty was performed at the time of the initial surgery. Three of the remaining 7 cases received tumor excision with surgical dislocation of the involved hip. Osteochondral destruction progressed in 5 of the 7 cases evaluated (71%), and total hip arthroplasty was performed in one.
| 3 | 1clinical
| 0Study
|
198,199 |
Despite being rather uncommon, chemosensory content in sleep mentation deserves closer attention because it occurs more frequently in connection with various neurological and psychiatric disorders , such as migraine , epilepsy , or post-traumatic stress disorder . It is therefore important to ask under what circumstances it occurs in healthy individuals. The present study focuses on various olfaction-related factors. One such potential factor may be the ambient atmosphere. Early dream researchers used straightforward techniques of odour presentation, such as spraying odorants on the sleeping person’s pillow, to explore whether being exposed to odour can modify sleep mentation and its content . Current scientific studies, in which simple odour administration techniques have been superseded by sophisticated olfactometry, have corroborated the notion that smells can indeed affect some aspects of sleep mentation . Even so, it is rare for olfactory stimuli to be incorporated into MSEs , be it directly, so that individuals report dreams about the stimulus used for exposure, or indirectly, that is, by triggering the appearance of stimulus-related themes. While delivering olfactory stimuli to the nose via an olfactometer addresses the issue of olfactory adaptation and habituation, which develops when smelling ambient odourised air , it is not particularly helpful for understanding the chemosensory dream content that appears when sleeping in one’s own bedroom. For instance, Solms presents cases of patients who complained about unpleasant olfactory sensations incorporated into their MSEs. To help explain the occurrence of such rare but potentially bothersome dream content, it seems more appropriate to investigate the contribution of odour exposure to chemosensory dreaming under environmentally more realistic circumstances.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
386,846 |
Participants in the BG were asked to attend three Boccia sessions per week for 20 weeks. Fifty-seven sessions were held in a sports room, with two 90-min sessions on Mondays and Wednesdays, and one 60-min session on Thursdays (in total 4 h per week). The sessions included warming-up and cooling-off activities as well as friendly Boccia matches (Table 1). Official Boccia balls were used (weight of 285 ± 12 gr; circumference of 270 mm ± 8 mm). The dimensions and setup of the sports rooms mimic those of a Boccia court (12.5 × 6 m with 2 m of empty space around it), with six rectangular throwing boxes (1 × 2.5 m) in which the players must stay completely within during play. The progression of the Boccia program was based upon participant’s functional ability to play Boccia, performing all activities in their own wheelchairs. To ensure each individual received the required attention and comprehensive instruction tailored to their needs, the following aspects were observed during the first two weeks of the Boccia program by the Boccia coach: a) ability to maintain proper position and balance in the wheelchair (the stability forward, rearward and sideways); static and dynamic postural control before and during the throw, ways of grasping the ball properly (cylindrical, spherical or three-finger grasp), accuracy and coordination in ball-throwing movements (underarm -with or without pendulum movement- and overarm action). From this point on, fundamental movements skills were incorporated into the Boccia sessions as necessary. Moreover, the focus was on the introduction and development of a variety of Boccia-specific skills. This foundation consisted of three phases, that were initiated with simple activities and progressed to more complex activities as the participants advanced their proficiency level in terms of force control, throwing direction and throwing accuracy. The Boccia coach emphasized the improvement of: (a) force control (weeks 3–10), where the learning intention was to be able to deliver a ball with the appropriate speed to achieve the intended outcome; (b) throwing direction (weeks 11–15), where the learning intention was to apply the principles that underpin delivery of a ball in the right direction toward the intended target, covering different frontal and diagonal throwing lines; and (c) throwing accuracy (weeks 16–20), where the learning intention was to refine shot placement and trajectory of shots at targets from different distances, promoting strength and speed of ball-throw accuracy. Participants used different styles of propelling the ball, such as underarm throwing and overarm throwing (Fong et al., 2012), which require wrist, elbow, and shoulder control (Huang et al., 2014). The Boccia program not only promoted skill, but also tactical development. Throughout the 20 weeks, all sessions included games to develop teamwork and the ability to make tactical and strategic decisions. Subjects in both groups were able to throw the ball with their hand, and had never undergone classification evaluation in a sanctioned competition. Participants in the UG group kept up their usual daily activities as part of the specialized multidisciplinary rehabilitation program at the SRC, but did not attend any Boccia sessions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
298,643 |
The dominant mode (PC1) in Deoxy-HCN is the rotation of the top trimeric ring with respect to the bottom. The three subunits in the top ring move clockwise and the bottom three anticlockwise. The PC1 in Oxy-HCN is dominated by a clam-shell-like movement between two adjacent subunits in each ring (Figure 6). A pairwise comparison between the Deoxy-HCN and Oxy-HCN states was made by calculating the dot product matrix between the eigenvectors identified from PCA of their corresponding states. Such comparison allows quantitative assessment of similarity between the dynamics in the two different systems. Deoxy-HCN and Oxy-HCN simulations have a subspace overlap of ∼45.7% and an average maximum dot product of 0.26. The most significant similarity observed between Deoxy-HCN and Oxy-HCN is when comparing PC1 of Deoxy-HCN and PC4 of Oxy-HCN, with an inner dot product of 0.39 (Figure 6). The motion in this PC is dominated by loop interactions at the interface of the two concentric rings. The presented analysis suggests that the Deoxy-HCN and Oxy-HCN simulations occupy only ∼50% of the same conformational (essential dynamics) subspace, though not always sampling the same regions in that space. Such observations from PCA also supported the assumption regarding large-scale dynamic changes when the proteins move from a deoxygenated state to a more stable oxygenated state. Moreover, the variation in the motion of the Deoxy-HCN and Oxy-HCN systems observed in PCA also indicated that the inter-residue contacts at the interface of each subunit might play an important role in the dynamics of the hexamer.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
322,281 |
In addition to the cross-phosphorylation event, another possible cause of the presence of pS and pT on the multi-sensor histidine kinase proteins is non-canonical TCS. In plants, significant evidences of non-canonical TCS have been reported. Phosphorylated serine residues of Hik, produced by phosphotransfer from histidine residues of Hik, have been found, suggesting that histidine kinases can evolve into kinases that exhibit serine/threonine kinase activity [37, 38]. However, there was a report on the autophosphorylation of the serine residue in Hik-based ethylene signal transduction in plants that did not involve the conserved histidine on the Hik-domain, leading to the conclusion that the signal transduction did not occur by a phosphorylation mechanism .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
215,464 |
Reviewer #1: Here Tsubokawa et al. demonstrate that venestatin binds to RAGE to evade host detection by suppressing the immune response. Binding experiments, RNAi, and immune assays support this conclusion. I found the work very interesting and novel as they employ various techniques to tease apart the mechanism of venestatin immune suppression. I also believe the conclusions are well supported by the authors experiments and findings.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
123,074 |
GBM cells were transfected with CD133, HIF-1α and HIF-2α siRNAs (Eurogentec) using a Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent (Life Technologies) according to manufacturer’s instructions. The sequences used were: CD133siRNA- GAUCAAAAGGAGUCGGAAA, HIFIAsiRNA- GCCACUUCGAAGUAGUGCU and HIF2AsiRNA- GCGACAGCUGGAGUAUGAA.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
355,141 |
Pre-trained CNNs can either be trained from images to perform classification tasks, or be used as a feature extractor where significant deep features are extracted from the fc layers of the CNNs. In this approach, as an alternative of employing the CNNs as classifiers, deep features are pulled out from the “fc7” of the fine-tuned AlexNet, dropout layer named “pool 5 drop 7 × 7 s1” of the pre-trained GoogleNet, “node 200” of pre-trained ShuffleNet, and “global average pooling 2D layer” (fifth pooling layer) of the fine-tuned ResNet-18. The number of deep features generated from each CNN is 544, 4096, 1024, and 512 for SuffleNet, AlexNet, GoogleNet, and ResNet-18, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
226,068 |
ELIXIR Communities and Platforms illustrate how ELIXIR fosters long-term collaborations that connect national resources into transnational infrastructure. The federated data infrastructure is held together by strong community standards, with users and data providers agreeing on conventions for annotating, depositing, finding and accessing data. ELIXIR’s distributed organization with a scientific leadership that represents 23 national bioinformatics Nodes is a powerful vehicle to consult and build consensus on joint standards and drive the implementation in national organizations and communities.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
160,445 |
Malignant meningioma cells treated with the combination of everolimus and gemcitabine showed a flat and extended morphology with an increased cell size (Figure 3a,b). Since these characteristic morphological changes suggested that the combination of everolimus with gemcitabine induced cellular senescence, we examined senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, a gold standard marker for cellular senescence, in meningioma cells treated with everolimus and gemcitabine. The combination of everolimus and gemcitabine increased SA-β-gal activity in IOMM-Lee and HKBMM cells (Figure 3a,c). Furthermore, the combination of everolimus and gemcitabine increased the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL1B, CXCL8, CCL2, and CXCL2 (Figure 3d). Since increased cytokine production is one of the hallmarks of cellular senescence or senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP) , these results support the induction of cellular senescence in malignant meningioma cells by the combination of everolimus and gemcitabine.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
323,983 |
The UV spectra of 5′-DMAzo-TBA acquired before and after irradiation showed only weak reversible changes in the absorption bands at 405 and 454 nm, while the UV band around 260 nm was almost unchanged (Figure 10). Similar UV spectra acquired with the 5′-DMAzo-T30695 did not show any change after irradiation (Supplementary Figure S15). Therefore, the chemical environment around the DMAzo moiety (Figure 1) at the 5′-end of the two ONs could affect the acid–base equilibria of the dye in a manner in which neither the trans-cis conversion nor the effect of this conversion on the Qs were detectable with standard UV analyses, also using alkaline pH.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
72,638 |
Accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation of microbiota components are involved in various liver diseases, including NAFLD and NASH, through obesity predisposition, metabolic alterations and liver inflammation. Gut microbiota produces extra energy for the host, processing polysaccharides to short-chain fatty acids (mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and stimulating lipogenesis. A potential role of specific gut microbiome has been suggested in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, as obese mouse models host 50% less Bacteroides and more Firmicutes compared to lean control , and germ-free mice show significantly greater increase in body fat following colonization with an “obese microbiome” . Conversely, a recently described bacterium, Akkermansia muciniphila, has been associated with a non-obese phenotype both in humans and animal models, and HFD mice administered with Akkermansia show reduced adipose tissue inflammation and increased glucose tolerance . The intestinal microflora produces enzymes that metabolize dietary choline, a cell membrane component regulating lipid transport in liver, into methylamines, toxic compounds responsible for inflammation and liver injury . Aberrant microbiota could induce triglyceride accumulation and promote NASH both reducing choline and increasing methylamines .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
120,352 |
ENX, a fluoroquinolone, has been used extensively and with minimal side effects in humans to treat urinary tract infections and gonorrhea36. Several investigators reported that ENX down-regulated LCP1, resulting in decreased formation of actin rings. Therefore, we challenged the cells with ENX for functional analyses, such as cellular proliferation, invasiveness, and migration assays. Since Sousa et al. reported the half-maximal effective concentrations (105 and 141 μM) of ENX for two prostate cancer cell lines8, we performed immunoblotting using ENX (Tokyo Chemical) ranged from concentrations of 1 to 150 μM to determine the optimal concentration for further functional analyses.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
71,075 |
Transformed clones were screened using dot-blot hybridization, following the method described by Zhang et al. (2016). For probe labeling, the rye genomic DNA was labeled by digoxigenin-11-dUTP with a random primer DNA labeling kit (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, but using 1× DIG DNA labeling mix instead of the dNTP in the kit. The darker blots, which were interpreted as high copy number repetitive sequences, were then used in subsequent FISH for chromosomal distribution analysis and sequence identification.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
193,345 |
Among nine CVDs, we found a significant genetic correlation between asthma and HF (Rg = 0.278, p = 0.0005). HDL analyses did not support a significant genetic correlation between asthma and CAD, hypertension (Hp), NICM, stroke, SVS, AIS, CES, and LAS. Estimates of genetic correlation using GWAS summary statistics data are shown in Table 1 (SNP-based heritability estimated by HDL is shown in Supplementary Table S2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
152,902 |
The TTC assumes three-fold temporal integration of (i) inputs into contents, (ii) contents with contents, and (iii) contents with the stream of consciousness. How does such a three-fold temporal integration occur? For that, the TTC assumes the interaction between pre-stimulus activity and input to be the key—this interaction is driven by a particular mechanism, temporo-spatial expansion, that is essentially based on integrating different temporal (and spatial) scales including shorter and longer ones. Our paper focuses on that mechanism, the temporo-spatial expansion (which is one of the four temporo-spatial mechanisms postulated in TTC). In the first part, we explain the neuronal side of this mechanism including its relation to conscious contents, while in the second part we focus on its neuro-phenomenal relevance, that is, its importance for the phenomenal features of consciousness.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
68,732 |
FN and TNC are expressed in angiogenic blood vessels of human tumours. (top) CD31 immunohistochemical staining (brown) of human HNSCC counterstained with haematoxylin (blue). Double immunofluorescent staining, as indicated, of FN with CD31 or TNC on adjacent sections of the same tumour are shown. Separate images for the FN/CD31 and FN/TNC channels, are shown as Supplementary Information (Fig. S1). Nuclei are stained with DRAQ5 (blue). FN-expressing vessels (yellow arrows) and TNC-positive/FN-negative vessels (white arrows) are indicated. Dotted squares (left images) depict zoomed areas (right images). Corresponding areas of the same vessel are encircled. Bars = 100 µm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
185,037 |
Maintenance Team (MT): Maintenance team is the external body that has an agreement with the local transport authority for the maintenance of the public transport. They are responsible for regular maintenance. They communicate with supplied if any parts are needed for the maintenance.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
198,308 |
We applied the intrinsic function lm in R (RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA) to decide the partitions of the data group by ordinary least squares regression. The initial partitions were randomly picked for the given data set. The decision rule is\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$P = \left( {\left\langle {{\text{Group}}2} \right\rangle - \left\langle {{\text{Group}}1} \right\rangle } \right)^{2} \cdot \left( {\left\langle {{\text{Group}}3} \right\rangle - \left\langle {{\text{Group}}2} \right\rangle } \right)^{2}$$\end{document}P=Group2-Group12·Group3-Group22
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
106,007 |
Following five generations, both high and low resource populations were then expanded for one generation on a standard cornmeal media with a sprinkling of dry yeast, and in the subsequent generation their encapsulation rate estimated using the methods described above and Eq 2. Populations’ encapsulation rates were also estimated at generation 0 prior to rearing on the two different food regimes.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
392,349 |
We agree that the biological function of the extension domain in the large-type Cp remains an intriguing open question, and that investigating the impact of a different, e.g. human, cell environment is a potentially promising approach for new insight. An example is our demonstration, some time ago that the avian DHBV produces much more cccDNA in human hepatoma cells than human HBV. These phenotypic differences might indeed relate to the presence vs. absence of the extension domain in the respective Cps. Hence these and further host-factor focussed investigations are certainly worthwhile but in our view are beyond the scope of the current structure-focussed study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
37,888 |
Acupuncture with a green laser (e.g., 532 nm) has so far not found a broad field of application. There are a few indications to use the method as a supplement to red, near-infrared, and violet laser stimulation within the framework of acupuncture. The penetration depth of the green laser (532 nm) is 0.5–1 cm .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
360,002 |
The H0 linker region in EAP45 is required for efficient rescue of HIV budding in HAP1 EAP45 KO cells. (a): Schematic diagrams of the various EAP45 variants are shown, with FL being the full‐length EAP45 expressor. Constructs are tagged with HA at the C terminus (HA tag not shown). Mutations that disrupts the putative interactions with ESCRT‐I are also introduced (H0M). The designation of each construct is shown to the left of the diagrams. (b): EAP45 KO cells were cotransfected with the WT provirus along with different EAP45 expressor mutants or empty vector (EV). Levels of proteins from cell lysates or virions were detected by immunoblotting using antibodies specific to HA, p24, or GAPDH. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Both short and long exposures are presented where necessary. (c): The virus release ratio at each condition was quantified by densitometry and normalised to that of EV as described in Figure 3. (d): Total p24‐associated viral products in the cell lysates were densitometrically quantified from Western blots and normalised to that of EV. (e): The final cleavage of Gag (p24/p24‐p2) is quantified by densitometry and normalised to that of EV. The densitometric traces of p24 and p24‐p2 for each transfection condition in (b) are shown separately or in overlay on the right. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean of five to nine replicates from at least three independent experiments
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
394,624 |
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment might serve as an adjunctive to the multidisciplinary course of treatment (Anderson & Jacoby, 2019; Mathieu et al., 2017). Retrospective observational studies have shown improved survival in patients with NSTI when HBO2 treatment is given as an adjunct to regular treatment (Devaney et al., 2015; Shaw et al., 2014), and register‐based studies have demonstrated lower mortality in patients who received HBO2 treatment (Hedetoft et al., 2020; Soh et al., 2012). Although patients with NSTI might benefit from HBO2 treatment, no prospective controlled studies exist (Levett et al., 2015). This could be due to the rarity of the disease, ethical concerns, limited access to HBO2 treatment, and a lack of pharmaceutical interest in the funding of such studies using a non‐patented drug.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
139,088 |
Most participants from all groups reported that women who have home births are brave and have a lot of courage whereas women who go to health centers are weak or “dejadas.” For example, a father of six said that his partner’s last birth was at home because “she had courage.” Romina, a grandmother and a mother of eight, shared what she was told by her closest female relatives when she was pregnant the first time:
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
312,944 |
PM10 exposure causes a decrease in 5mC and an increase in 5hmC levels in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro . In office workers and truck drivers, ambient PM10 exposure is positively correlated with blood 5hmC, but not 5mC—most probably due to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which can stimulate oxidation of 5mC into 5hmC . In contrast, buccal cells demonstrate a decrease both in 5hmC and 5mC upon exposure to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 levels . The aforementioned data indicate that particulate air pollution has significant genome-wide and gene-specific epigenetic effects resulting in altered gene function and thus mediating development of different disorders.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
188,502 |
We exposed each minipig to a targeted incident BOP of 210 kPa twice in an advanced blast simulator (ABS) located at the Virginia Tech Center for Injury Biomechanics. The ABS is a combustion-based shock tube that uses a combination of oxygen and acetylene as fuel. Briefly, the ABS consists of driver (1,067 mm), transition (2,270 mm), test (1,829 mm), and end-wave eliminator (3,103 mm). The test section of the shock tube, where we placed the animals during the experiments, has a square cross-section with a side length of 1,219 mm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
143,826 |
In accordance with other studies, farmers expressed caution to accepting medication due to fear of SAEs and side effects which will have economic consequences in being unable to work or needing further treatment[7, 16]. In these regions, historical memory of SAE potentially linked with co-endemicity of Loa loa, may heighten fear of associated reactions, and lead to reduced uptake of MDA [7, 23, 49]. Adequate support and management strategies for potential or perceived side effects should be considered .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
217,541 |
Recently, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are ideal building blocks for constructing a variety of functional composites due to their nano-size and hybrid molecular frameworks; octavinyl POSS can be regarded as a promising imprinting platform due to their tailorability resulting from the residual vinyl groups (He et al., 2014). He et al. have proposed a nanomagnetic POSS-directing strategy to construct molecularly imprinted hybrid materials for enrofloxacin (ENR) determination in milk samples (He et al., 2014). The ENR imprinted material was facilely obtained through the copolymerization of active vinyl groups present on the surface of nanomagnetic POSS and functional monomer (methacrylic acid) binding with ENR. Moreover, a convenient method based on the ENR imprinted material combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-UV detection was established for the simultaneous determination of three FQs from milk samples with average recoveries in the range of 75.6–108.9%. More importantly, the proposed imprinting technique on the surface of nanomagnetic POSS could generally be applicable to imprinting various organic molecules with bright prospects.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
87,474 |
Out of the 372 patients included, at least one IP was identified endoscopically in 54 cases (14.5%, 95% confidence interval 10.9%–18.1%). Demographic data are shown in Table 1. More males than females had IPs detected (18 vs 11%), but the difference was not statistically significant. There was an insignificant trend for a higher prevalence of IP between 50 and 70 years of age compared to the prevalence in younger or older subjects (Fig. 1).Table 1Demographic data of patients with and without IPPatients with IPPatients without IPLevel of statistical significanceNumber n = 54 n = 318Gender, number (percentage of columns)Chi square test p = 0.09 Female n = 21(39%) n = 163 (49%) Male n = 33 (61%) n = 155 (51%)Age (years)Mann-Whitney test p = 0.44 Minimum1918 Median5760 Maximum8993 Fig. 1Number of cases with and without inlet patch (IP) in relation to age categories
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
372,497 |
However, there remain several avenues for improvement. First, the use of a Weibull clock model prior, as opposed to a log-normal, could further decrease calculation time due to its closed-form inverse cumulative distribution function. Second, the leaf rate AVMVN operator presented in this article could be improved by proposing rates for only a small subset of correlated branch rates per proposal, as opposed to all at once. This would mitigate the computational burden associated with a covariance matrix which grows with the tree size (An adaptive leaf rate operator). Finally, while our adaptive weighting operator can learn operator weights within parameter spaces, it is not clear how to best assign weights between spaces; the relative weighting between clock model operators and tree topology operators for instance.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
196,168 |
Decarbazine (DAC) chemotherapy is also used to treat melanomas. As with other chemotherapeutic agents, DAC has side effects which should be minimised Here, the combination of DAC and CAP appears promising; at least under experimental in vitro conditions . The effects of separate CAP and combined CAP/DAC application on mouse B16 tumour and L929 fibroblast cell lines have been analysed. CAP alone significantly affected cell growth, apoptosis, and changes in the expression of genes associated with autophagy in B16 lines, but its effect was only minimal in fibroblasts. Stimulation of autophagic cell death is the goal of many researchers, because they consider it a promising alternative method of killing melanoma cells which are largely apoptosis-resistant. . Sole application of DAC was less selective than CAP, and it induced apoptosis and caused similar reduced viability in both tumour and non-tumour cell lines under in vitro conditions. However, it is important that the final effect of the DAC/CAP combination on cell viability and molecular activity was comparable to DAC monotherapy, and was also non-selective. Individual therapy with CAP or DAC under in vivo conditions led to tumour mass shrinkage in the mouse B16 xenografts, but the most significant tumour reduction was observed when combined therapy was applied. In addition, the expression ratio of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes in the mouse models varied significantly in monotherapies and the CAP/DAC combination.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
311,372 |
RgsE is a homolog of A. tumefaciens GPR, essential for growth pole formation in this bacterium (16). RgsE homologs were found in all Rhizobiales families and more distant homologs were detected in Emcibacterales and Rhodospirillales. However, no other Rgs protein homologs were detected in members of these orders. This raises the possibility of a different role for the RgsE homologs in spatiotemporal organization of these bacteria. RgsE and GPR are extraordinarily large membrane-anchored cytoplasmic proteins (2,089 and 2,115 amino acids, respectively), localized to the growing cell pole but absent from the septum. Depletion of RgsE introduced a strong cell morphology defect but did not completely abolish growth, and similarly to an A. tumefaciens strain lacking GPR (16), an rgsE deletion mutant was able to grow and divide, albeit aberrantly and slowly. Alterations in cell morphology upon depletion or overproduction of RgsE or GPR in their respective hosts are very similar, supporting a common function of these proteins. Interactions of RgsE with RgsA, RgsS, and TolQ, observed in this work, provide insights into the molecular environment of RgsE at the growing cell pole and thus suggest new directions for future studies of RgsE/GRP action in pole formation and polar growth.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
25,714 |
Kinshasa’s readiness for appropriate malaria case management was extremely low in the private sector, and in particular among drug stores where most patients receive anti-malarial treatment. In drug stores, there was negligible availability of diagnostic tests and quality-assured ACT, pointing to the need to reinforce and promote the necessity of diagnostic testing among both providers and patients, while ensuring commodities are available and affordable within this sector as well as the public sector. Low availability of confirmatory testing in particular threatens appropriate management of suspected cases, spurring the potential for presumptive anti-malarial treatment. The low availability of confirmatory testing also merits a revisit of national policy to permit testing within these outlet types and provision of quality-assured treatment. As discussed previously, several initiatives in other countries have introduced RDTs into drug stores with relative success [15, 16], demonstrating the feasibility of providing confirmatory testing in the private sector.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
95,755 |
This paper addresses an important gap in the available data regarding the biomedical workforce in the UK. Although larger studies are needed (both in the scope of the questions asked and with a larger and more representative population of respondents), this survey is a nice example of how members of the community can begin to address the gaps in existing data collection and dissemination efforts.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
308,444 |
Previously, it was found for skeletal class I patients with increased horizontal overjet that the prevalence of pain and pain intensity were at their highest 1 to 2 weeks after bonding of a fixed appliance. There was then a general decrease in the prevalence of pain and pain intensity up to the 6 month follow-up during orthodontic treatment . Another study of skeletal class II patients found that the pain intensity increased up to one week after the start of fixed-appliance treatment, but at a one-month follow-up there was no significant difference in pain compared to pre-treatment . It was also found that pain intensity was at its highest 24 to 48 h after the bonding of a fixed appliance .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
264,754 |
Figure 3h summarizes the advantageous features of an unprecedented nanostructure of Ni@N‐IGN. Three major structural characteristics of Ni@N‐IGN were presumed to achieve high performance in both the EM and EC barriers: i) The nickel nanoparticles embedded in the nanocube is a promising EM wave‐absorbing material due to large saturation magnetization and high permeability. In addition, it can serve as a catalyst to promote sluggish reaction in the Li–S batteries, thereby enhancing the reaction kinetics for high‐rate capability. ii) A highly ordered graphitic wall can provide a stable electrical pathway for effective EM wave absorption through conduction loss. The nitrogen functionalities inserted in the graphitic structure not only enhance the electrical conductivity but also improve the chemical interaction with soluble LiPSs to prevent the notorious shuttle reaction. iii) The graphitic nanocube, which is the basic unit of the entire nanostructure, provides empty meso‐ and macroporous space inside the nanocube. The hollow structure of Ni@N‐IGN induces internal reflection of EM radiation. Furthermore, the graphitic nanocube accommodates and confines LiPSs inside the hollow interior, thereby functioning as an EC barrier for the Li–S batteries. Together with these favorable features, we postulated that Ni@N‐IGN can achieve outstanding performance when evaluated as the EM and EC barriers.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
103,656 |
Illumina compatible barcoded PCR primers i5: 5′-aatgatacggcgaccaccgagatctacacBARCODEacactctttccctacacgacgctcttccgatct-3′i7: 5′-caagcagaagacggcatacgagatBARCODEgtgactggagttcagacgtgtgctcttccgatct-3′(Barcodes are customizable. The protocol is established using paired-end sequencing with dual barcodes. Important: When demultiplexing, the i7 barcode sequence needs to be specified as reverse complement to what is in BARCODE).
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
116,770 |
The product was given as a beige oily liquid. Yield: 640.6 mg (2.44 mmol, 71%). M = 262.05 g/mol. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3, rt): δ [ppm] = 4.96 (s, 3H, CH3), 7.02 (dt, J = 7.75 Hz, J′ = 7.75 Hz, J″ = 0.76 Hz, 1H, CHCHCH), 7.83 (dd, J = 7.77 Hz, J′ = 1.70 Hz, 1H, HC = OCCHCH), 8.04 (dd, J = 7.82 Hz, J′ = 1.70 Hz, 1H, CHCHCI), 10.33 (d, J = 0.76 Hz, 1H, HC = O). 13C NMR (DEPTQ, 150 MHz, CDCl3, rt): δ [ppm] = 189.3, 162.7, 145.5, 130.3, 129.1, 126.5, 92.9, 64.0. MS-EI, m/z (relative intensity in %): 262 (48, M), 261 (12, M+), 247 (16), 245 (23), 244 (100), 220 (18), 216 (21), 118 (11), 75 (10), 63 (14).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
192,174 |
Neuroimaging data were pre-processed and analyzed using SPM8 (Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, London). For pre-processing, we corrected all functional scans for slice timing and excessive head motion (6 parameters). Following the Coregistration of the T2* with the structural scan we resampled all volumes to the resolution of 3 mm3. Normalization to an anatomical atlas was based on MNI305 (Cocosco et al., 1997). Finally, we used an isotropic Gaussian kernel (6 mm FWHM) to spatially smooth the data.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
247,021 |
Follow-up is currently based on the combination of serum Tg determination and of neck US and when performed, 131I d-WBS does not improve the detection of persistent/recurrent disease in the neck and control d-WBS is not indicated in patients with undetectable serum Tg and neck US with no abnormal finding ; control d-WBS may be indicated in patients with large thyroid remnants in whom the post-therapy WBS was poorly informative, in those with equivocal foci of uptake on the post-therapy WBS, and in high risk patients with detectable serum Tg-Ab in whom serum Tg determination is not reliable .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
14,484 |
She was scheduled for hysteroscopy followed by fractional dilatation and curettage under general anesthesia. During the procedure, her cervix was sequentially dilated up to 8 mm using a Hegar dilator. Her cervix did not appear to be constricted. A large amount of old bloody material was expelled from her cervix upon dilation and after entrance into her uterine cavity with a hysteroscope. The old bloody material was washed out with sterile saline. Her uterine lining could then be visualized and was noted to be pale and thin, consistent with her history of DMPA use. Both ostia were present and there were no masses or other abnormalities upon visualization. Dilation and curettage by endocervical and endometrial curettings was performed and tissue was sent for pathology. She tolerated the procedures well.
| 2 | 1clinical
| 3Clinical case
|
341,009 |
Data containing myoblast and myotube RNA-seq samples in triplicate from immortalized FSHD myoblast cell lines 54-2, 54-12, 54-A5, 16ABic and 16UBic and matched controls 54-A10, 54-6, 16UBic and 12UBic that we previously described (32,45) are available from the GEO database, accession numbers: GSE123468 and GSE102812. These data describe 27 (15 FSHD, 12 control) myoblast samples and 27 (15 FSHD, 12 control) myotube samples.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
148,819 |
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in both women and men in Canada. Women presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are older, have more co‐morbidities (greater prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and heart failure [HF]) and higher mortality.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 However, it is unclear whether female sex is an independent predictor of mortality in AMI after adjusting for differences in age and other comorbidities.1, 11, 14
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
129,936 |
The Láscar time series derived by both sensors and algorithms (Figure 4) are characterized by nearly continuous detection of thermal anomalies resulting in a number of alerts (Nalert) equal to 1221 for MIROVAVIIRS, 875 for MIROVAMODIS, and 627 for FIRMSVIIRS (Table 2). These data suggest that over Láscar volcano the MIROVAVIIRS algorithm detects 40% more alerts than MIROVAMODIS and 95% more than FIRMSVIIRS. By taking into account the number of MODIS and VIIRS overpasses (Npass) the above data translates into a frequency of alert detection (f% = Nalert/Npass) of 30%, 28%, and 15% for MIROVAVIIRS, MIROVAMODIS, and FIRMSVIIRS, respectively (see Table 2). These percentages suggest that the higher number of MIROVAVIIRS alerts is not simply attributable to the higher number of VIIRS overpasses, but also to a greater sensitivity of VIIRS data to the presence of small thermal anomalies.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
|
235,918 |
G*Power 3.2.3 software analysis was used to estimate the sample size, suggesting a minimum of about 84 participants that should be recruited. More specifically, for detecting a medium effect size (f = 0.25, using Cohen’s standard effect sizes) in the analysis of variance, a sample of 84 participants was suggested. For a large size effect (f = 0.40), a sample of 210 participants should be recruited. The program also suggests for the t-tests a minimum of 23 participants for a medium effect (d = 0.05) and 54 participants for a large size effect (d = 0.80) . Our final sample was composed of 101 children, which fit the number of participants suggested for, at least, a medium effect size.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
339,224 |
A strong response was seen in hair follicles (HF), which require NF‐κB activation for development and morphogenesis (Schmidt‐Ullrich et al, 2001). Upregulation of Nfkbia mRNA and IκBα protein was restricted to the first phase of NF‐κB activation in HF following whole‐body IR (Fig 1E and F). At Day 7 post‐IR, IκBα expression in the proximal HF was strongly reduced, concomitant with an increase in IL‐6 expression in the same region (Fig 1G and H). These results demonstrate that two distinct, subsequent NF‐κB transcriptional programs also occur in vivo. Because IκBα is required to terminate NF‐κB signaling, we postulated that loss of IκBα in senescence could trigger SASP.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
31,304 |
The rotation of the earth and associated light / dark cycles are responsible for entrainment of our circadian system, a dramatic evolutionarily conserved feature affecting uni-cellular organisms to humankind. In the 1970s, researchers began investigating the circadian system in Drosophila melanogaster, which led to the identification of gene loci involved in the cellular ‘clock’ such as Period (Per), an important player in the circadian system . In the early 1980’s a multicenter analysis of the limitations of infarct size reported circadian periodicity for acute myocardial infarction (MI), with a peak incidence at 9 AM compared to 9 PM . Since then, the spike in morning MI incidence–after a long period without daylight–has been confirmed repeatedly . These studies suggest that daylight and light-elicited circadian mechanisms play an important role in MI etiology. In agreement with this postulation, there is a well-documented increase of MIs during the darker winter months . Because the onset of MI has a distinct circadian pattern, it has been suggested that disruption of circadian rhythms may contribute to cardiovascular disease .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
186,652 |
In a previous study by Yang & Chen , social capital, defined as the interactional and resourceful social relationships, buffered the adverse association of perceived discrimination with stress, one of the socio-attitudinal pathways linking perceived discrimination and health in ethnic minorities. There is a strong rationale for expecting that discrimination will lead to decreased social support, probably caused by a limitation of one’s social interactions to avoid repeatedly experiencing discrimination , and that decreased social support is closely associated with poorer general health and SRH . During COVID-19, social support decrease could be exacerbated by requirements for ‘social isolation’ and hypervigilance in interpersonal contact for COVID self-protection. It is noteworthy that during the COVID-19 pandemic, social support from friends and family could be widely heterogenous, because domestic dynamics could rarely be affected by COVID-related racial discrimination, while people’s interaction with friends could be subject to changes. Thus, we hypothesize that after controlling for other covariates, the relationship between perceived discrimination and SRH is mediated by social support from family and friends. Explicitly, we expect the level of social support from friends to decrease when perceived discrimination increases, while that from family unaffected, and the lack of both sources of social support (family and friends) would lead to lower SRH (Hypothesis 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
355,701 |
No floor or ceiling effects were identified in the patient group with less than 15% of participants scoring the minimum or maximum values. In the symptomatic group, VISA-G.DK data were normally distributed. A total of 94% of the asymptomatic group scored the maximum value, thus, data were not normally distributed.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
183,700 |
In this study, we investigated the role of the RecA protein at another regulatory level of the integron system, cassette recombination. We choose to study this protein for two reasons. First, because of its ssDNA binding properties, since we know that cassette recombination involves one of the recombination sites, the attC site, in a ssDNA form. Secondly, because efficient cassette recombination could be dependent on one or several proteins belonging to the SOS regulon and therefore whose expression is induced in presence of RecA. We found that the RecAVch protein is critical for the attIA × attC reaction in the SCI of V. cholerae and that the RecA effect is independent on SOS regulon proteins. On the contrary, when we tested the effect of RecAVch on cassette insertions in VCR sites of the SCI, we found that these attC × VCR reactions were independent of the RecAVch protein. We also confirmed the absence of the RecA effect on attC × attC recombination by testing cassette insertion in an attCaadA1 site-carrying plasmid. Interestingly, these results show that the RecA effect depends on the nature of att sites (attI or attC), which are recombined. Altogether, our results indicate that the RecA protein is a host factor specifically involved in the cassette recruitment in the attIA site of the V. cholerae SCI during environmental stress conditions. Finally, the RecA protein acts at several steps during the integron recombination process (Figure 8). First, as described above, in the presence of antibiotics or when single-stranded cassettes are released in the cell by HGT, RecA favors the expression of the SOS-dependent integrase gene (28,52). Secondly, RecA ensures the cassette recruitment in the SCI of V. cholerae. Since the recA gene itself also belongs to the V. cholerae SOS regulon (50), its expression is probably up-regulated as in E. coli (ten-fold within minutes (53,54)). This release of the RecA protein would allow RecA to be available to trigger its biological functions, among which its effect on cassette recruitment at attIA SCI (Figure 8).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
190,279 |
SNAP-25 is critical for synaptic vesicle fusion to the membrane and is implicated as a serum EV biomarker. The levels of SNAP-25 in serum neuron-derived EVs was reported to be reduced in AD patients . Brinkmalm et al. have reported that the SNAP-25 fragment levels in CSF were significantly higher in AD compared to control cases . We have previously identified the SNAP-25 in AD brain-derived EVs, and shown it was upregulated in AD patients compared to controls , suggesting this molecule as a common EV biomarker reflecting synaptic degeneration.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
132,576 |
During 2018, 2238 individuals with severe HA (n=1889) and B (n=349) without a current inhibitor were registered with the NHD and 1396 were registered with Haemtrack. Electronically recorded fully itemised HJHS data were available for 463 patients with contemporaneous Haemtrack available for 273 individuals of whom 86.8% (n=237) had HA and 13.2% (n=36) HB. Participant age and treatment characteristics are presented in table 1.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
312,316 |
Therefore, by leveraging data collected from the VDT pilot, this study aimed to develop and conduct an initial evaluation of a novel ML-based classifier using limited domain knowledge and minimal feature engineering to reliably predict applicant pass/fail on the ORE. Such methods, if proven useful, could be applicable to the classification of other time series data collected within the medical field and other settings.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
153,979 |
The team in charge of designing the survey held two meetings with four social workers who contributed to their professional approach. The social workers provided very valuable information on how to access some of these resources and the bureaucratic difficulties that families encounter when applying for these aids. Their professional vision was of great help in defining the different sections and structuring the survey.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
18,366 |
The greatest error in stride time and step time occurred in the severe MS group. The gait impairment characteristics such as slowed angular motion of the shank and a dragged foot might lead to the increased inaccuracy of detecting gait events using the algorithm based on shank angular velocity . However, it should be noted that despite the increased error, the stride time and step time still demonstrated minimal absolute and relative error in the severe group (stride time error:10.6ms, 0.6% error; step time error: 6.5ms, 1.3% error).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
348,231 |
We then sought to determine whether and how the kinetics of infection differed between the two strains within the first 48 h post-infection. Using our standardised model of invasive pneumonia, mice challenged with ST615 presented 2 to 3-log higher bacterial loads in their lung tissues at 6, 24 and 48 h post-infection compared with ST306, with mounting bacterial densities over time (Fig. 1D). Similarly, ST615 bacteria were detected in the blood at 24 and 48 h post-infection, while none of the ST306-challenged mice presented any viable colonies. In view of reports suggesting that expression of Ply with low haemolytic activity could provide an early growth advantage when administered directly in blood19, we examined the in vivo proliferation of ST306 and ST615 in blood using a mouse model of sepsis (Fig. 2A). In our hands, no significant difference was found between the respective viable counts of the two clones over the 48 h-monitoring period. A striking distinction, however, was that 80% of mice infected with ST615 pneumococci succumbed to the infection (Fig. 2A), while all ST306-intravenously challenged mice survived the infection and did not exhibit any visual signs of disease. Our results showed that, despite both mouse groups showing similar bacterial densities in blood i.e., 104–105 CFU/ml, the inherent hypervirulence of ST615 led to a lethal outcome.Figure 2Haemolytically potent Ply promotes invasion into the lung and blood of ST306-infected mice (A) Mice were challenged intravenously with 100 μl of sterile PBS containing 1 × 106 CFU/mouse of ST306 or ST615 pneumococci. Whole blood was collected via tail bleed at the indicated time points and viable counts were determined by Miles and Misra (left panel). Kaplan–Meier survival chart (right panel) monitoring the number of mice succumbing to disease over 96 h in the same mouse sepsis model. (B) Serotype 1 ST306 was mixed with pneumolysin allele 1 (100 ng/mouse, 100,000HU/mg) and administered intranasally in a 50 µl volume/mouse. Viable counts were monitored in lung tissues and in blood at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h post-pneumococcal administration. Data are represented as mean, n = 10 mice per group ± SEM (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). (C) Mice were challenged intranasally with 50 μl of sterile PBS containing either 1 × 107 CFU of ST306 (coined ST306-H) or 1 × 106 CFU of ST615 pneumococci. Viable counts in the lung tissues and blood were determined at the experimental endpoint. Data are represented as mean ± SEM, n = 10 mice per group. (D) Plots showing percentage of in vitro C3 complement deposition (left panel) and HL-60 killing index (right panel) in pneumococcal strain D39 versus serotype 1 clones ST306 and ST615. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis, **p < 0.01; ns: non-significant.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
183,934 |
In conclusion, data from a 7-year follow-up cohort has revealed that high variability of HbA1c is an independent risk for cardiovascular outcomes of the ACCORD study. Moreover, it seems reasonable to include HbA1c variability as potential target in the routine management of T2DM.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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