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To explore the mechanisms by which peroxidase-generated ROS increase permeability in leaf cuticles, we first hypothesized that these ROS might have a negative effect on the expression of genes that affect cutin biosynthesis. Therefore, the expression levels of MYB96, a positive regulator of cutin formation (Seo et al., 2011; Cui et al., 2016), and BDG and LACS2.3, which are both major cutin-biosynthetic genes, were analyzed in the ohy1 line. The expression levels of these genes were strongly down-regulated in the ohy1 line, suggesting that the loss of cuticle integrity was influenced by impaired cutin biosynthesis (Figure 3D). In addition, the enhanced accumulation of cuticular waxes has been observed in bdg, lacs2.3, fdh and lcr mutants that display impaired cuticle integrity and may suggest a mechanism involving a compensatory reaction to the loss of cuticle integrity (Kurdyukov et al., 2006; Bessire et al., 2007; Voisin et al., 2009). To test whether this was the case also with ohy1 plants, we characterized the expression of the cuticular wax-biosynthetic genes CER1, LTP3, LTP4, and KCS2 in wild-type and ohy1 plants. As expected, the expression levels of these genes were much higher in the ohy1 plants than in the wild-type controls (Figure 3E).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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271,253 |
A sample size of 157 participants provided a statistical power of 99% (1- β = 0.99), considering an alpha of 5% (α = 0.05) with a moderate effect size (f = 0.40). The Shapiro–Wilk test verified the normality of data. All variables were non-parametric. Then, Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test was applied. The significant level was set as 5% (p = 0.05), and data are expressed as mean, ± standard deviation, interquartile ranges, median, minimum and maximum. We further applied a Mann–Whitey test to verify possible differences among deltas, calculated as following ∆ = post-training—baseline to minimize type II error in comparisons. Finally, associations between variables were performed using Spearman’s correlation with a pooled of the groups. All statistical procedures were carried out using Graph Pad Prism (v6.0).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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105,575 |
The above experiment results demonstrate the possibility of extracting ECG corresponding signal using piezoelectric transducers. The proposed approach will pave the way towards a new generation of contactless, affordable and reusable probing tools for ECG signal extraction which in turn will facilitate wireless detection and prediction of any heart failure and abnormalities. The piezoelectric sensor has many advantages. When compared with the standard ECG technique, piezoelectric sensor needs shorter processing time and lower processing power. Furthermore, the ECG electrodes cannot be reused and must be disposed directly after use. Reusing them will render inaccurate results while the piezoelectric sensor is reusable and non-disposable. Moreover, the minimum number of probes required to acquire an adequate ECG signal is three18, which makes the procedure inconvenient for home-based patients without trained caregiver support. On the other hand, one piezoelectric sensor is sufficient to do almost a comparable job.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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34,641 |
CB CD4+ T cells expressed low constitutive levels of NFATc2 (Figs 3B and 3C and 6C, lane 1), as did unstimulated pooled peripheral blood CD4+ T cells of infants aged 1–2 months (Fig 6C, lane 3). However, after anti-CD3 Ab plus anti-CD28 Ab stimulation the NFATc2 expression was hardly detectable in pooled 1–2 months old infants (Fig 6C, lane 4). Of note, pooled T cells from infants older than two months, which were stimulated with anti-CD3 Ab plus anti-CD28 Ab showed a NFATc2 protein expression comparable or even higher than that of adults (Fig 6C, lane 5–7 and 9). In pooled CD4+ T cells of infants and of children there is a clear NFATc2 protein expression after TCR/CD28 stimulation. The only exception is for CD4+ T cells of pooled infants aged 1–2 months, which show a very low NFATc2 expression.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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236,940 |
Figure 7A illustrates two peaks, situated at RSVAPC values of 1 and 5, in the three-dimensional graph for the Global North. This suggests that for most countries of the Global North, the development in the service sector was well above the global average with a distinct group of countries experiencing five times above the average production capacity. On the other hand, Figure 7B demonstrates a contrasting scenario. Here, the peak is located at an extremely low value of RSVAPC—0.05, which is also far below the global average. This shows severe underdevelopment in most countries of the Global South, thereby indicating a disparity in the degree of global service development.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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70,609 |
The rice volatile compounds were analyzed and identified using a Shimadzu GC-17A gas chromatograph connected with a Shimadzu QP-5050A mass spectrometer detector (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). The GC-MS system consisted of a TRACSIL Meta.X5 (95% dimethylpolysiloxane and 5% diphenylpolysiloxane) column (60 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm film thickness; Teknokroma S. Coop. C. Ltd, Barcelona, Spain). The carrier gas used to perform the analysis were helium, at a column flow rate of 0.6 mL·min−1, and a total flow of 6.0 mL·min−1 in a split ratio of 1:6. The oven program was as follows: (a) 80 °C for 0 min; (b) increase of 3 °C·min−1 from 80 °C to 210 °C, and hold for 1 min; (c) increase of 25 °C·min−1 from 210 °C to 300 °C, and hold for 3 min. The injector and detector temperatures were 230 °C and 300 °C, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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204,766 |
The transformation of DEER data to distance distributions is an ill-posed mathematical problem necessitating the use of either regularization, parametric modeling[13–15], neural networks, or other methods. Because these methods have intrinsic approximations which could interfere with rotamer ensemble determination, we elected to fit the raw experimental data directly using an iterative simulated annealing strategy that 1) measures all pairwise distances between pseudo-rotamers, 2) converts each distance distribution into a DEER decay, and 3) calculates the intermolecular dipolar coupling contribution by nonlinear least-squares minimization. Different levels of noise between DEER traces linked by multilateration were normalized using estimates obtained from each signal’s corresponding imaginary component. The algorithm prioritized the generation of parsimonious ensembles by minimizing the total number of pseudo-rotamers with nonzero weights using the Akaike Information Criterion-corrected (AICc). This metric, which allows for regularization in rotamer space rather than the distance domain, was guided by the heuristic that the flash-freezing process sharpens the distribution of rotamers that contribute to the DEER signal. Finally, to account for backbone heterogeneity and the expectation of smoothness in the distance domain, simulated distributions were broadened by a magnitude corresponding to the residues’ intrinsic flexibility, as reported by their respective crystallographic B-factor values.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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33,333 |
According to former analysis, under a fixed SOC strength, the band inversion also relates to the bond strength which can be tuned by strain engineering. To realize the transition of TI and enhance the bulk gaps, we employ in-plane biaxial strain on ABI2 monolayers, which equals changing the lattices as ε = (a − a 0)/a 0, where a (a 0) is lattice constant under the strain (equilibrium) condition. Figure 6 presents the variation of band gap as a function of biaxial strain. One can see that the SbBiI2 monolayer maintains its topological nature in the range of −9~20%. Under tensile strain, the band gap increases monotonously and reaches a maximum of 0.429 eV at 5%. After that, it almost remains unchanged even if the tensile strain reaches 25%. Instead, the compressive strain leads to the decrease of band gap. It can be interpreted by the fact that the shorter bond length drives the energy difference between \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$|p{2}_{{\rm{x}},{\rm{y}}}^{-}\rangle $$\end{document}|p2x,y−〉 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$|p{1}_{{\rm{x}},{\rm{y}}}^{-}\rangle $$\end{document}|p1x,y−〉 to reduce, and then the band inversion similar to AsBiI2 monolayer arises under SOC effect. To be brief, the SbBiI2 monolayer shows a favorable robustness of QSH effect against strain engineering. However, for AsBiI2 monolayer, the QSH effect can be easily tuned by strain engineering due to its relatively weak inversion strength. From Fig. 6, one can see that the band gap decreases firstly and then increases with the increasing compressive strain, in which the critical point of −3% indicates the annihilation of band inversion between |p2−, ±3/2〉 and |p1−, ±1/2〉, resulting in a trivial topological phase. On the contrary, the tensile strain enlarges the band gap significantly, persisting the topological nature. Interestingly, the AsSbI2 monolayer, a NI at equilibrium state, can transform into QSH insulator under tensile strain at 4%, and the continuously increasing strain would improves the band gap, demonstrating its potential application in spintronic devices. Furthermore, the tunability of the band gap and TI phase transition for PAsI2, PSbI2 and PBiI2 monolayers are also presented in Fig. S6. Owing to their rather weak SOC strength, the achievement of band inversion requires sufficiently small energy difference of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$|{p}_{{\rm{x}},{\rm{y}}}^{-}\rangle $$\end{document}|px,y−〉 between A and B atoms, which means that a prodigious tensile strain should be employed. The critical points for these configurations are 17%, 21% and 9%, respectively, which are conducive to understand the physical mechanism rather than application in devices, because such large tensile strain still faces many challenges in experiments.Figure 6Variation of band gap (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${E}_{g}^{SOC}$$\end{document}EgSOC) as a function of biaxial strain for AsSbI2, AsBiI2, and SbBiI2 monolayers, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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326,474 |
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) possess pre-defined specific recognition cavities designed for the target analyte. They are stable to extremes of pH, organic solvents and temperature, which provides for more flexibility in the development of analytical and bioanalytical methods . MIPs have a valuable impact on the enhancement of ion-selective electrodes, in which the encapsulated molecules, attached via their high affinity three-dimensional cavities, act as tailor-made highly specific receptor sites for the desired molecule . In addition, the developed membrane potential in ISEs does not require the extraction of the template from the molecular imprinting skeleton. There are also no size restrictions on the template compound because species do not have to diffuse through the membrane.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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78,893 |
In order to confirm the relation between the level of the ABCB1 gene expression and the P-gp protein expression level (ICC) in the LoVoDX cell line, we found the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The average positive statistically significant correlation between the above variables (correlation coefficient r = 0.42; p < 0.05) was calculated (Figure 7).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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391,629 |
It has been reported that BDNF could play a protective role in PD, which increases the survival of the substance nigra dopaminergic neurons. It has been observed that in patients with Parkinson's disease, the expression of BDNF mRNA decreases, which makes BDNF a candidate gene for susceptibility to this disease .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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39,905 |
Cortical and subcortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were performed on co-registered T1 images with the Freesurfer image analysis suite, which is documented and freely available for download online (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/). Briefly, this processing involves motion correction and averaging (Reuter et al., 2010) of T1 weighted images, removal of non-brain tissue using a hybrid watershed/surface deformation procedure (Ségonne et al., 2004), segmentation of the subcortical white matter and deep gray matter volumetric structures (Fischl et al., 2004), tessellation of the gray matter white matter boundary, automated topology correction (Ségonne et al., 2007), and surface deformation following intensity gradients to optimally place the gray/white and gray/CSF borders at the location where the greatest shift in intensity defines the transition to the other tissue class (Fischl and Dale, 2000). Once the cortical models were completed, parcellation of the cerebral cortex into units with respect to gyral and sulcal structure (Desikan et al., 2006) was performed. Subsequently, the obtained parcellations and segmentations of each subject were visually inspected and, if needed, manually edited.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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390,660 |
Multi-distance K-mean cluster analysis assessed clustering patterns among the entire distribution of coordinates. K-means cluster analysis finds groups in data without defined categories, with the number of groups defined by the variable K. The unsupervised learning works iteratively to assign data points to a group based on feature similarity. The collection of features which define a group are used to interpret what type of group each cluster represents. We evaluate a range of K values with the commonly used visual metric, the “elbow point”. Increasing the K value will always decrease the mean distance between points in a cluster, so the ideal K value is where the rate of decrease sharply shifts, or bends.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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182,239 |
Manifestations of human altruism and willingness to assist others are evident in most human societies. Scholars have been studying human behavior in an attempt to understand the psychological processes that lead people to behave kindly, rather than cruelly, toward others (Farsides et al., 2013). Extensive research on prosocial attitudes has shown that people’s motivation to assist others is broad and includes not only personality factors such as agreeableness and altruism (Graziano et al., 2007), but also factors related to power disparities between benefactor and recipient and their groups’ social status (Dovidio et al., 2006; Nadler and Halabi, 2006). The present research considered additional factors that could influence individuals’ prosocial motivation. In particular, based on terror management theory (TMT) (Greenberg et al., 1986; Solomon et al., 1991) and social identity theory (Tajfel and Turner, 1979), we tested the relationship between mortality salience (MS; i.e., increased awareness of one’s mortality) and prosocial behavior among Israeli soldiers serving in the West Bank, while additionally considering the mediating role of perceived threat (Stephan and Stephan, 2000).
| 3 | 2other
| 0Study
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77,464 |
Overexpression of HDAC2 attenuates LPS-induced PAI-1, TNF, and MIP-2 secretion, but enhances uPA secretion. RAW264.7 cells were transfected with HDAC2 expression vector for 48 h, and then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 2 h. HDAC2 overexpression resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in protein levels of HDAC2 (a). HDAC2 inhibited LPS-induced secretion of PAI-1 (b), TNF (c), and MIP-2 (d), but increased uPA secretion (e). Data are expressed as the mean relative expression ± SEM of at least three independent experiments
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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396,385 |
Hydrogels are consisting of natural or synthetic hydrophilic polymer chains connected to each other at the crosslinking point, which have a unique 3D crosslinked polymer network covering a wide range of chemical compositions and physical properties (Paschos et al., 2015; Liu et al., 2016). The natural hydrophilicity of polymer chains enables hydrogels to absorb a certain amount of water and be applied in various technical biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue regeneration. Especially, in situ hydrogels have the advantages of simple drug preparation and strong ability to deliver drugs, peptides and cells. Hydrogels have a unique combination similar to natural ECM and are attractive biomaterials for the osteochondral tissue engineering. The hydrogel microenvironment can be strictly controlled through the adjustment of many biophysical and biochemical properties, such as the matrix mechanics, degradability, microstructure, cell adhesion, and cell-cell interactions (Brown and Anseth, 2017; Jekhmane et al., 2019). These properties can be easily manipulated to suit for a variety of biomedical applications (Sun et al., 2018). Therefore, stem cell-hydrogel constructs could be personalized for patients using the advanced technology. Hydrogels that combine stem cells and growth factors have great potential to challenge regeneration of osteochondral defects. In the past decade, basic research on osteochondral tissue engineering of stem cell-laden hydrogels systems with biomimetic microenvironment has achieved remarkable success, bringing promise for osteochondral tissue repair (Li et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2019).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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146,327 |
In addition to sera and monoclonal antibodies, we tested two other biologics—purified, soluble hACE2 and RBD of spike (Figs 1 and 3). Soluble hACE2, stabilized by an Fc domain for a longer half-life in plasma, has been proposed as a potential therapeutic agent, especially since the S-hACE2 interaction has a KD in the low nanomolar range . hACE2 has now been subjected to saturation mutagenesis of the RBD-interacting residues, and several hACE2 variants have been identified that have even greater affinity for RBD (KD in the picomolar range) . Here, we tested wt, soluble hACE2 (Figs 1A and 3G), and although it inhibited cell fusion the amounts required to do so were relatively high. Whether soluble or stabilized hACE2 variants are more potent against cell fusion will require further testing. At the moment soluble RBD and variants thereof have only been proposed and tested as potential vaccine candidates , not as therapeutics, so RBD testing here was purely academic. As anticipated, RBD did interfere with both pseudotyping and cell fusion, although for the latter the degree of inhibition was marginal at best. The fact that both soluble hACE2 and RBD inhibited cell fusion further corroborates the validity of the assay. A third biologic, peptide LCB1, also had low nM IC50 inhibitory activity in the cell fusion assay, as would be predicted based upon pseudotyping results.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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158,649 |
This study presented the methodology for the integration of data from independent sources through data pairing (match) based on the correspondence of target characteristics between individuals, households, or other research units, an alternative to the lack of integrated datasets including simultaneously food prices and food intake.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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305,392 |
The mobilization of quiescent T-cells is a sophisticated and compound process that involves intracellular signaling. It is initiated by the T-cell antigen receptor and then further modulated and counterbalanced by costimulatory and inhibitory receptor signaling .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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79,742 |
Hippo/YAP regulates many biological and pathological features via crosstalk with other signalling pathways, including control of organ size and tissue homeostasis, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. Tumaneng et al. demonstrated that YAP inhibits PTEN translation by activating the expression of miR-29, and finally activates the mTOR pathway to regulate organ size. Avruch et al. showed that YAP overexpression promotes colon cancer cell proliferation by synergizing with Wnt/β-catenin signalling. However, Imajo et al. demonstrated that YAP interacts with β-catenin directly and restricts β-catenin nuclear translocation, thereby inhibiting the activation of WNT signaling. The phenomenon could be founded the crosstalk of Hippo/YAP with TGF-β/SMAD signalling pathways. Pefani et al. reported that TGF-β facilitates the YAP/SMAD2 nuclear translocation via targeting Hippo pathway scaffold RASSF1A. Nevertheless, a study by Sun had a contradictory result, demonstrated that YAP inhibits smad3 signaling to promote the survival and self-renewal of tumor initiating cells (TICs) in breast cancer. Lapi et al. reported that p73/YAP directly activated promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) gene transcription during the apoptotic response, and this activity is under the negative control of the proto-oncogenic Akt/PKB kinase. The activation of the Notch signalling pathway is an important pathway for inducing intestinal epithelial regeneration . Camargo et al. revealed that YAP overexpression can activate Notch signalling and c-secretase inhibition, thereby preventing YAP-induced intestinal dysplasia in the intestine; however, a study by Zhou had a contradictory result, demonstrating that the loss of YAP would impair DSS-induced intestinal regeneration by inactivating the Notch pathway. In addition, Fernandez et al. found that YAP functions as a stimulator of cell proliferation and an inhibitor of differentiation possibly downstream of Sonic hedgehog pathway in neural stem cells. Urtasun et al. illustrated that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling system in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells cross-talks with the oncoprotein YAP. Moreover, He et al. demonstrated that YAP can induce the expression of EGFR to control ovarian cancer initiation and progression.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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257,299 |
Furthermore, it was recently shown that TRPV4 expression was upregulated in pulmonary fibrotic tissues and cells (83). In agreement with this finding, TRPV4-deficient mice were found to be protected from fibrosis with less lung collagen accumulation, myofibroblast differentiation and lower mortality. Also, TRP channel activation on sensory neurons has a role in inducing the cough reflex in chronic lung diseases. This realization has prompted suggestions that these ion channels may be appropriate targets to treat such symptomology.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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113,844 |
The latent class reliability (LCR) estimator confirmed that the number of classes extracted represented the investigated populations, thus satisfactorily capturing the latent features composing CMDs in the different groups evaluated. It is postulated that the method applied in the present study is less skewed in evaluating real reliability than the methods of Guttman's lambda 2, Molenaar Sijtsma (MS), and split-half reliability coefficient [32, 33]. The method of class reliability estimation allowed a more accurate analysis, because the terms were estimated with lower restriction, thus allowing evaluation of multidimensional instruments through considering the essential effects of tau-equivalence and double monotonicity.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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134,389 |
In our model, the distribution of the birth size Vb can also be derived analytically in steady-state conditions. In fact, the Laplace transform for the αth power of the birth size, Vbα, is given by (see Section C in S1 Appendix for the proof) ⟨e-λVbα⟩=∏n=1∞b(pαnu)=∏n=1∞(1+M0pαnλN0)-N0(1+M1pαnλN1)-N1. (13)
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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164,224 |
Clinically speaking, the presence of family members offers relational benefits particularly at the end of the deep sedation phase and during prolonged non-invasive mechanical ventilation: it can significantly help reduce the prevalence of delirium , which is higher in CoViD patients than in other critically ill patients .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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110,829 |
The theory of fractional h-discrete calculus is a rapidly developing area of great interest both from a theoretical and applied point of view. Especially we refer to [1–8] and the references therein. Concerning applications in various fields of mathematics we refer to [9–16] and the references therein. Finally, we mention that h-discrete fractional calculus is also important in applied fields such as economics, engineering and physics (see, e.g. [17–22]).
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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24,209 |
When indicated, cells were stimulated with IFNγ (100 U/ml, 485-MI-100, R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) and LPS (1 µg/ml, L-6529, Escherichia coli 055:B5, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA). To avoid immune stimulation or possible masking of signals by exogenous stimuli, cells were serum-starved before their exposure to the experimental conditions or their injection to mice.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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139,845 |
The concentrations of encapsulated DHA and CQ were determined by HPLC (LC-16, Shimadzu, Suzhou, China) with a UV detector (SPD-16, Shimadzu, Suzhou, China). LNPs were dissolved in acetonitrile and sonicated for 20 min to release the drugs. The mobile phase used were water:acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) for DHA and 7.2 mM sodium hexanesulfonate solution (containing 10 ml acetic acid and adjusted to pH 3.5 using triethylamine):acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) for CQ. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Hedera ODS-C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 ⎧m, HanBon, Jiangsu, China) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min; DHA and CQ were detected at 210 and 343 nm, respectively. The LC and LR of DHA and CQ were calculated according to Eqs. 1, 2 below. LC(%)=Wdrug loadedWtotal liposome ×100 (1) LR(%)=Wdrug loadedWdrug added×100 (2)
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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258,451 |
In this work, a functionalized MOF with magnetic particles (Fe3O4@MIL-53(Al)) was designed and prepared for the removal of four pollutants. The structure and performance of Fe3O4@MIL-53(Al) were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR and XRD. The maximum adsorption capacities for BPA, TC, CR, and MB were determined to be 160.9 mg/g, 47.8 mg/g, 234.4 mg/g, and 70.8 mg/g, respectively, which are much higher than that of other reported adsorbents. The adsorption of BPA, TC, and CR were well-fitted by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, while MB followed the Freundlich model, while the adsorption kinetics data of all pollutants followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics models. The thermodynamic values, including the enthalpy change (ΔH°), the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°), and entropy change (ΔS°), showed that the adsorption processes were spontaneous and exothermic entropy-reduction for BPA, but spontaneous and endothermic entropy-increasing processes for the others. Moreover, Fe3O4@MIL-53(Al) can be easily separated by an external magnetic field due to the presence of the Fe3O4 magnetic particle. All of the results demonstrate that Fe3O4@MIL-53(Al) is a promising adsorbent for removing dyes from wastewater.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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4,693 |
Based on the power MOS layout in Figure 10a, Figure 10(b–d) show the power MOS simulated IR drop, power dissipation, and temperature distribution, obtained using R3D, based on a power dissipation of 1.5 W (ID = 2.14 A, VDS = 0.7 V at 25 °C). They show power density in W/μm (Figure 10b), IR drops of drain voltage distribution (Figure 10c), and source voltage distribution in the top metal layer (Figure 10d), and the overall temperature distribution in silicon (without metal consideration) is also shown. These figures indicate that the maximal power dissipation mismatch is 6.7%. The power dissipation is 1.5 W uniformly to eight parallel MOSFET banks without metal wiring. The distribution of power dissipation, obtained by R3D, is fed into ANSYS to conduct a thermal analysis. Figure 11 shows the results of ANSYS simulation related to the distribution of power dissipation results. The maximal temperature difference between the banks is 3.4 °C, where TX1 is the hottest bank and TX4 is the coolest bank. Figure 10 shows the hot spot with common-centroid distribution, which can be achieved by the symmetrical layout and the power devices placements theoretically. However, the temperature distribution is formed by many factors such as power dissipations, heat source locations, and thermal sink device areas . In practical cases, the power MOSFET is operated under non-ideal conditions, such as turned-on uniformity, bonding wire consistency, and chip and package symmetry. Therefore, the hot spot is transferred to the left side of the chip in Figure 11 due to the location of the power MOS.
| 4 | 2other
| 0Study
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14,850 |
This study demonstrated that allogenic AT-MSCs may be effective to improve acute hepatic injury in dogs. Because the serum biochemical parameters, such as ALT and AST, were significantly decreased after AT-MSC injection, soluble factors secreted from AT-MSCs may act in recovery of acute hepatic injury. Our results also suggest that the transplantation via the splenic vein is more effective than transplantation via the peripheral vein. This finding was related to the number of engrafted AT-MSCs in the liver. However, further examinations including how many AT-MSCs used for transplantation is effective, how engrafted AT-MSCs change in the long period, and whether it is certain that the effect of improving hepatic injury is dependent on the number of transplanted AT-MSCs are needed for veterinary clinical application.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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129,983 |
We observed that GDFT may reduce intraoperative nausea incidence. The incidence of nausea observed in the current study (approximately 30%) was similar to that in a previous report with prophylactic norepinephrine infusion to prevent postspinal hypotension during cesarean delivery . Despite GDFT not resulting in higher preanesthetic hemodynamic states, more iv fluid was administered, which could result in higher blood volume and more favorable stroke volume stabilization after spinal anesthesia. Because the gut perfusion is sensitive to blood volume and stroke volume changes and spinal anesthesia could markedly reduce splanchnic blood flow , the benefit of additional iv fluid on the elevation of blood volume and stroke volume may be more prominent than its effects on hypotension amelioration. In addition, iv crystalloid may prevent the intraoperative elevation of antidiuretic hormone release, which results in the inhibition of the sensation of nausea . This result is also compatible with studies in the general surgical population which indicated that supplemental intravenous crystalloid is associated with the amelioration of postoperative nausea . However, continuous vasopressor infusion may remain more effective in preventing both postspinal hypotension and nausea [26, 27] than fluid infusion. In terms of its effects on postspinal hypotension and nausea prevention, vasopressors should still be considered the first-line treatment, but the GDFT may be a useful adjunct therapy.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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335,650 |
While it is understood that this hemodynamic shear stress has impacts on the EC-cell junctions, the mechanism responsible remains poorly understood. Using a combination of vascularized microfluidics and an in vivo murine model in order to leverage the advantages of each, Polacheck et al. attempted to uncover the responsible pathway. With knowledge that shear stress regulates multiple mechanosensitive pathways they focused on the role of Notch signaling, which is required for normal vascular development and has been shown to be activated by shear in zebrafish . Using a collagen type I solution and an acupuncture-needle retraction method to fabricate microchannels, they identified the Notch1 transmembrane receptor as responsible for regulation of vascular barrier function. After seeding a second model with ECs expressing Notch transcriptional co-factor Mastermind, which inhibits Notch transcriptional signaling, they found that there was no effect on permeability, suggesting a non-canonical regulatory mechanism for Notch in barrier function. Using a combination of CRISPR/Cas-9-mediated knockout of Notch1 and Dll4 (Notch1-KO) in vitro and DAPT, a γ-Secretase inhibitor that cleaves Notch to release the transcriptionally active Notch intracellular domain , in vivo they identified that Notch regulates the barrier function of the vascular endothelium through a non-canonical, transcriptionally independent pathway that drives adherens junction assembly. This is done through the formation of a previously unknown receptor complex in the plasma membrane, consisting of VE-cadherin and the Rac1 guanine exchange factor (GEF) Trio, which is known to be involved in Notch-mediated axon guidance in Drosophila , mediated by the transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase LAR, which is known to bind the Rac1 GEF Trio . Thus, the discovery of a new signaling pathway for vascular barrier function regulation using vascularized microfluidics has opened up an entirely new avenue of research into the study of microvascular barrier function.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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252,223 |
The C3deOAmBEr (d = 18 Å) model was the most stable modified channel model with a unique permeability performance that altered the number of water molecules, as shown in Figure 5. Although the C3deOAmB (d = 18 Å) model had a similar transport mechanism, it also revealed the longest water molecular transport period. Figure 5 shows how the common AmBEr and modified C3deOAmBEr (d = 12 Å) models maintained a constant flow of water molecules within the channel, but it showed transport behavior that was driven by the ion concentration difference during the entire simulation period. This long-period water molecular transport was attributed to the larger size of the channel. The water molecules behaved like bulk water affected by its macroscopic viscosity in such a large space, and they could not be driven by the specific acceleration effects for transport. This could have increased the resistance between the pure-water and saltwater receptacles. Although the channel diameter was enlarged, there was no ion permeation observed during the entire simulation period. This result could reflect the low ion leakage ability of the modified C3deOAmBEr channel (d = 18 Å) as well as other models with smaller channel diameters.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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304,171 |
As expected, Azucena maintained a higher level of leaf RWC, less reduction in root and shoot dry weight, and a higher growth rate of roots in response to water stress, when compared to IR64. The transcriptomics analysis of the three consecutive root tip zones identified thousands of genes differentially expressed in the two genotypes under normal and stress conditions. A major challenge of big data is how to analyze and translate it into new biological knowledge, and generate a short list of the most important differentially expressed genes. Here we discuss several approaches we utilized to maximize the benefit of transcriptome analysis of root tips in our contrasting rice genotypes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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389,207 |
It is noteworthy that, except for the lower specificity, our method performed similarly well in patients with cardiomyopathy as in healthy subjects, see the comparisons of absolute mean errors in validation1 (Supplemental Table 2) and sensitivity of error detection in validation2 (Table 1, Supplemental Table 3). Only for LVSV and AC were there small differences in mean absolute errors, but these are unlikely to have significant clinical impact. As can be appreciated from the Bland-Altman plots, the errors did not significantly increase at very high or very low values of the parameters. This further shows that the network has been robustly trained and is also accurate in outliers, such as patients with severe ventricular dilatation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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41,384 |
Based on the identification of neoepitopes exposed in the injured spinal cord and the pathogenic and complement-activating properties of mAbs recognizing these neoepitopes, we investigated a site-targeted therapeutic strategy for the local delivery of a complement inhibitor. Site-targeted complement inhibition obviates the need for systemic inhibition, increases bioavailability, and markedly increases efficacy (over 10-fold) . We have also shown previously that unlike systemic inhibitors, therapeutic doses of site-targeted complement inhibitors do not adversely affect important physiological functions such as host defense [17, 23]. This latter point is an important consideration for the treatment of SCI patients, since CNS injury is immunosupressive and there is a high incidence of morbidity and mortality caused by infection in neurotrauma and SCI patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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1,646 |
Long-term treatment with low-dose IL-2 has been tested in mice. Recombinant adeno-associated vector (rAAV) encoding IL-2 was injected intraperitoneally at various viral titers. This approach enabled sustained higher IL-2 concentrations for more than 20 weeks compared to controls and substantially prevented diabetes in NOD mice (71). Although mice injected with high viral titers (1012 rAAV IL-2) died within 2 weeks, mice injected with lower titer (109–1011 rAAV-IL-2) lived normal life spans with unaffected vaccine-mediated antibody responses, infection-induced immune responses, and notably, not-enhanced tumor growth (71). Interestingly, low-dose recombinant IL-2 administration could protect mice from food allergy and the immune tolerance was sustained for more than 7 months after the last dose of IL-2 (72). These results indicate that Tregs can maintain their specific inhibitory function during long-term exposure to IL-2 and long thereafter.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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250,555 |
All authors were involved in conceptualizing and writing up this study report. JH, LR, VK, and CF were responsible for the study conceptualization. JH performed the data analysis and was the major responsible in writing up the manuscript. LR was responsible for the data collection and preliminary analyses. CF and VK were the principal investigators. CF, AV, PH, and VK provided advice for the data analysis and study report.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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203,429 |
Based on the metabolic pattern identified in metabolism studies, the results of hydrolysis studies and the capabilities of enforcement analytical methods, the following residue definitions were proposed by the EU pesticides peer review and MRL review (EFSA, 2007, 2011a): residue definition for enforcement: fludioxonil;residue definition for risk assessment: sum of fludioxonil and its metabolites oxidised to metabolite 2,2‐difluoro‐benzodioxole‐4 carboxylic acid (CGA 192155), expressed as fludioxonil.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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230,687 |
Table 6 presents the result of global Moran’s I about the resilience of China’s sports development. The value of Moran’s I was all above 0 from 2013 to 2017. Except for 2016, the global Moran’s I value of each year passed the test of significance (10% threshold). As for the z-score, 2013 witnessed a significant positive correlation between location and the resilience of sports development with the z-score exceeding 1.95. The same result can be seen in the year 2014 with a z-score over 1.65. The z-score from 2015 to 2017 indicated that the spatial autocorrelation is insignificant with no obvious clustering. In addition, the value of Moran’s I from 2013 to 2017 was 0.251, 0.185, 0.147, 0.052, and 0.137, respectively. The unstable and downward trend indicated that the spatial autocorrelation was declining.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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333,451 |
Although it remains contraverisal , there are increasing evidences that migraine correlates to the development of cerebrovascular disease . In a population-based cohort study, patients with migraine had higher prevalence of cerebellar infarction than controls with a higher adjusted odds ratio . Another meta-analysis demonstrated that the pooled adjusted odds ratio of ischemic stroke was more than 2-fold higher in patients with migraine than the non-migraine patients . In the last 5 years, cumulative cohort studies revealed that migraine may increase the risk of ischemic stroke , and the migraine is still a significant risk factor for stroke even after adjusting the effect of multiple covariates including menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, oral contraceptive use, and aspirin use . Although the association between migraine and ischemic stroke has been reported, research on migraine and PAOD is still limited with only few studies indicating such possibility without surveying the time sequence between migraine and PAOD . Since both the migraine and PAOD share similar feature of vascular abnormality , and ischemic stroke is correlated to the occurrence of not only migraine but also PAOD , the migraine may be a indicator of subsequent PAOD which still needs investigation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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196,819 |
The proposed method has the benefits of a conventional edge-filter-based interrogator. In comparison with the interrogation systems based on wavelength-swept lasers, optical spectrum analyzers, spectrometers and OFDR and OTDR techniques, the edge-filter-based schemes have compact size, light weight, ease of signal processing, reduced number of optical components and more inexpensive hardware . In addition, the proposed method enables overcoming the cross-sensitivity between temperature and strain, one of the major drawbacks of some FBG interrogators based on an optical filter.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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284,324 |
Psychoanalysis postulates that “all psychological experience, from the most fleeting fantasy to the most stable structure, is organized by object relations… the basic units of all experience” (Auchincloss and Samberg, 2012, p.175)17. Cognitive-, cellular-, and systems-neuroscience of schematized episodic experience in humans (van Kesteren et al., 2016; van Kesteren and Meeter, 2020) and rodents (Tse et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2012) provide a potential mechanism for this theorizing. Schematic frameworks for survival- and safety-level experiences of infancy and toddlerhood appear to be formed and stored in the mPFC while the amygdala continues to provide input about contextual affect-memories (Kitamura et al., 2017), as discussed. Together these implicit cortical-subcortical encodings constitute the primordial schema-affect template of the mind. Self-reinforcing patterns of schema expansion and updates are similar for rodents and humans (Box 3). The implicit schema-affect template itself may not be accessible to representation by cognitive networks of which it is the integral part and may remain something of an epistemic quandary (Solms, 2015). Nonetheless, it profoundly influences the subsequent self-organization of functional connectivity networks that dynamically interact to deliver mental faculties of cognition, motivation, and emotion (Zorumski and Rubin, 2011). The mental faculties can be thought of as the “tools of the mind” that, each from a different angle but acting in concert, enable the mind to communicate with itself, the inner and the outer world, and to change and/or adapt to both. The second avenue of mind development involves a sequential differentiation of its subsystems, e.g., temperament traits, the experience of self, identity, character traits, and moral values (Svrakic and Divac-Jovanovic, 2019). The subsystems can be thought of as semi-stable functional coalitions of relevant cognition, motivation, and emotion that emerge in a predictable order, temperament fist – character and moral values last, to meet increasingly complex adaptive demands; each subsystem contributes a unique adaptive function to the overall adaptive fitness of the mind (Svrakic and Divac-Jovanovic, 2019). The inaugural template of early object relations harbors the rudiments of mental faculties, i.e., the semantic-like content – rewarding or aversive event, the associated affect of fear or pleasure, and the motivation to self-protect or engage, all implicit, i.e., non-conscious, and non-declarative18. As one of the main convergence zones in the brain, the mPFC is a key hub in multiple functional connectivity networks that underlie mental faculties. The schema-affect template of early object relations is therefore likely to influence interactive self-organization of these networks from within, acting as a non-conscious operating system that determines the relevance of future experience upon which these networks are built. Such personalized self-organization of the brain/mind adds a person-specific component to the relatively stable general structure of functional brain networks (Gratton et al., 2018), ultimately responsible for the mental uniqueness of the individual or “personality.” Each mental faculty and each subsystem of the mind are thus more or less distantly related to early object relations. For example, rudiments of empathy, fairness, and reciprocity as forerunners of character traits and moral values are detected in securely attached infants and toddlers (Wynn and Bloom, 2013) presumed to have achieved self- and object-constancy. These forerunners are later amended by explicit socio-ethical norms to facilitate social adaptation.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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91,093 |
All seven HPAI outbreaks in Australia to date have had only commercial chicken farms as the index farms; including commercial layer or meat chicken farms, with two outbreaks involving meat chicken breeder farms. Four of the seven HPAI outbreaks involved spread from the index farm to affect the nearby farms (12, 13). In addition, surveillance found evidence of LPAI infection among duck farms in the vicinity for two of the seven HPAI outbreaks, suggesting initial LPAI spread with subsequent mutation (14, 15). The focus on commercial chicken farms in this study is due to the comparatively small threat posed by non-commercial chicken farms to the Australian poultry industry. There is limited contact between non-commercial and commercial chicken farms in Australia. In addition, AI detection on non-commercial chicken farms, as did occur with three of the 12 LPAI cases detected in this country to date, has little impact on the industry, market, and consumers due to the small number of birds to destroy (14–16).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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61,389 |
Membrane proteins are the hallmark of a cancer cell and significant targets for drug discovery, due to their unique and important role in cellular communications and signal transduction . On the basis of our proteomic analysis, we suspected that DHA might target some receptor protein(s), and inhibit the downstream signaling of that receptor, thus decreasing the cancer cell growth and metastasis. We first analyzed the expression of DHA-regulated receptors in human A2780, OVCAR3, SK-OV3 and OVCAR5 ovarian cancer cells and the non-malignant ovarian epithelial cell line, IOSE144 (Figure 1a and Supplementary Figure S1), and examined whether there was a relationship between the inhibitory effects of DHA on cell growth and migration and the expression of these receptors. Interestingly, the level of PDGFRα, an important receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and progression of ovarian cancer [2, 27–30], was correlated with the sensitivity to DHA-induced cytotoxicity, while there was no correlation for other receptors including PDGFRβ, VEGFRs, EGFR,TLRs, ERα, AR, integrins, PGRMC1 (Figure 1a and Supplementary Figure S1). DHA could selectively inhibit the growth (Figure 1b) and migration (Figure 1c) of PDGFRα-positive ovarian cancer cells (A2780 and OVCAR3), with significantly decreased effects on PDGFRα-null SK-OV3, OVCAR5 and IOSE144 cells (Figure 1b and c). We further used an affinity protein purification approach [31, 32] to verify whether DHA could directly bind to PDGFRα. To purify the potential target protein, we synthesized a biotinylated derivative of DHA (DHA-biotin) (Figure 1d) that had similar inhibitory effects on ovarian cancer cells as were seen with the unlabeled DHA (Figure 1e). A2780 cell extracts were incubated with different concentrations of DHA-biotin or free biotin conjugated with streptavidin-conjugated agarose beads. The bound proteins were separated by SDS–PAGE after extensive washing, and were detected by western blotting; the results showed that DHA-biotin selectively bound to PDGFRα in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 1f). Moreover, the binding of DHA-biotin to PDGFRα could effectively compete with that of the unlabeled DHA (Figure 1f).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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332,936 |
a Schematic showing the perceptual representation of objects with a break introduced either at natural or unnatural part cuts. b Part processing index across layers of the VGG-16 network (blue) and VGG-16 with random weights (brown). The dashed line represents the effect size estimated from human visual search on the same stimuli30. c Schematic showing how the same object can be broken into either natural or unnatural parts. The natural part advantage is calculated as the difference in correlation between part-sum models trained to predict whole-object dissimilarities using the parts (see he “Methods” section). d Natural part advantage across layers of the VGG-16 network (blue) and VGG-16 with random weights (brown). The dashed line represents the effect size estimated from human visual search on the same stimuli31. e Perceptual representation of hierarchical stimuli. The left and middle images differ only in global shape whereas the middle and right images differ only at the local level. According to the global advantage effect, a change in global shape is more salient than a change in local shape. f Global advantage index across layers of the VGG-16 network (blue) and VGG-16 with random weights (brown). The dashed line represents the effect size estimated from human visual search on the same stimuli63.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
365,690 |
OA results from blockage in the reproductive tract. By definition, sperm production is quantitatively normal. The most common sperm retrieval method for patients with OA is needle aspiration (testicular sperm aspiration, or TESA) or by percutaneous biopsy or open surgical biopsy (TESE). We favor the TESA procedure in which an angiocatheter is inserted percutaneously into the testis and the needle is withdrawn, leaving the soft catheter in place2. After the application of 20 mL of negative suction to the catheter through arterial tubing, testis tissue can be atraumatically drawn into the catheter and tubing and expelled into medium for processing. Typically, sufficient sperm are retrieved such that they can be either timed with oocyte harvest or performed in advance and cryopreserved for future use. The risk associated with TESA procedures is minimal. Using a biopty gun-TESE procedure results in hematoma in 1 to 5% of cases as assessed by ultrasound. Open TESE procedures have similar risk, consisting mainly of bruising and bleeding (<5%). With repeated testicular sperm retrievals in patients with OA, there is certainly the risk of procedure-induced hypogonadism as Leydig cells are removed indiscriminately with sperm-containing seminiferous tubules.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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386,519 |
The participants of this study were eligible if they were physically healthy and had not engaged in more than one session of RE per week for the last year. Thirty-three participants began the study, but five participants dropped out due to schedule difficulties (n = 4) or injury (n = 1; not due to this protocol). The 28 participants who completed the study were predominantly female (75%) and Caucasian (86%). Participant characteristics are presented in Table 1. Participants were recruited for this study from a private southeastern university. Prior to participating in this study, all participants read and signed an informed consent approved by the university's Institutional Review Board.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
359,713 |
No significant differences were observed in body mass, muscle mass, fat mass, or lower limb muscle mass estimated by InBody and MVC at 0 wks (Table 1) nor in their normalized values at 2, 4, 6, or 8 wks between APP and CAS groups (Table 2; p > 0.05). We detected a significant effect of intervention on MVC in both APP and CAS groups (p < 0.05), and MVCs at 4, 6, and 8 wks were significantly greater than those at 0 wks in both APP and CAS groups (p < 0.0125; Figure 1, Table 2). There were no significant effects of intervention on body mass, muscle mass, fat mass, or lower limb muscle mass estimated by InBody (Table 2; p > 0.05). No significant differences were found in changes in absolute values (Δ) from 0 to 2, 4, 6, and 8 wks in body mass, muscle mass, fat mass, and lower limb muscle mass, and MVC (p > 0.05; Table 2).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
330,088 |
Pomegranate peels used to be one of the most valuable byproducts of the food industry, and have now attracted much attention due to their wide range of bioactivities. Polysaccharides extracted from pomegranate peels are known to possess excellent antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties . Joseph and colleagues demonstrated that a galactomannan extracted from the peel of Punica granatum L. fruit presents radical scavenging activity and prebiotic effects, stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon and maintaining a good state of health of the intestine . In a dextran-sulfate-induced colitis animal model, Yue and colleagues showed that the polysaccharides ameliorated the inflammatory response through lowering TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and MPO activity and increased AMPK activity. In 2016, Hung and Segarra showed that the administration of polysaccharides reduced the clinical score in different colitis animal models. Furthermore, the polysaccharides were able to prevent intestinal mucosal damage through Epidermal Growth Factor modulation, with a significant enhancement of mucus synthesis .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
92,775 |
During the time period of this study, there were 752 patients admitted to the Surgical/NCC ICU with a TBI as an isolated injury or as a component of other non-CNS injuries (multi-trauma). 251 of these TBI patients presented or subsequently developed a GCS of <9, but in 127 the low GCS could be attributed to alcohol use, other drugs, sedation or administered paralytics. Of the remaining 124 patients, 31 underwent unilateral DC. The mean age of the DC patients was 39.3 ± 14.5 years (range 16–72 years). 26 patients were male. The initial GCS was 5.8 ± 3.2. Systolic BP was 133.8 ± 26.0 mmHg. The ISS was 29.7 ± 6.3 (Table 1). The mechanisms of injury of DC patients are tabulated in Table 2. Most sustained their injuries in falls or in motor vehicle crashes (MVC). Fourteen patients also sustained non-CNS injuries (multi-trauma). Twenty-eight of the 31 patients had midline shift on their initial head-CT scan (mean 8.7 ± 5.4 mm). Marshall scores varied from 2c to 6d on the pre-craniectomy imaging (Table 3). Three patients presented with a unilateral dilated pupil and 16 others with radiological signs of herniation. Patients on average spent 14.4 ± 6.5 days on ventilator support. The ICU length of stay (LOS) was 18.0 ± 7.4 days and the hospital LOS 51.3 ± 36.6 days. 22 patients underwent DC on the day of injury due to the magnitude of brain injury, significant midline shift, and/or herniation of the brain through a craniotomy done for evacuation of hematoma precluding replacement of the bone flap. Two patients underwent DC within 48 h of injury and seven between the 3rd and 12th day. Hence 22 patients underwent DC as the initial intervention and 9 others due to failure of medical control of cerebral hypertension, or for clinical or neuroimaging progression (Fig. 1). ICP was 30.7 ± 10.3 mmHg prior to DC and decreased to 12.1 ± 62 mmHg post-operatively. Barbiturates were required for ICP control prior to DC in 9 patients. The A-P diameter of the craniectomy bone flap was 15.5 ± 2.9 cm (Table 4). Of the remaining 210 patients, 54 underwent craniotomy for evacuation of extra-parenchymal or parenchymal hematomas. 48 others underwent placement of an ICP and brain oxygen monitor or ventriculostomy.Table 1Patient characteristicsVariableValueAge (y)a 39.3 ± 14.5Maleb (26)GCS (initial)5.8 ± 3.2SBP (mmHg)133.8 ± 26.0ISS29.7 ± 6.5Barbiturates use(9)Ventilator days (d)14.4 ± 6.5DC 1st 24 h(21)DC 24–48 h(3)DC 3–7 d(7)ICP pre-DC (mmHg)30.7 ± 10.3ICP post-DC (mmHg)12.1 ± 6.2Unilateral dilated pupil(3)Midline shift (mm)8.7 ± 5.4Herniation(18)ARDS(7)ARF(1)Cranioplasty(29)Dominant hemisphere(14) aData presented as mean ± SD bData presented as number (n)Table 2Mechanism of injuryMechanismnFall from height12Assault3MVC10Blunt force3Pedestrian struck1Skateboard2Multi-trauma16Data presented as n (number)Multi-trauma = TBI plus other non-CNS injuriesTable 3Neuroradiologic features of DC patients#AgeCT descriptionMarshall scoreShift (mm)ICP pre-DCGOSContra. hydroCT herniateCistern effacedCraniectomy days post TBIA-P Diameter bone flap141Bilat multi SA, SD, IP6d17–3Trapped ventricleUY017228L multi, SA, SD, IP6d9na4NoUY618347L multi SD,IP, Cont48302Temp hornSFY921416R temp lobe SD46–4Temp hornSFY021545L SA, SD, IP34–4Temp hornNoY015627L multi IP, SD, SA6d7251NoSFN119729Bilat multi IP6d10–6NoSFY017845R multi SD, IP, active bleed412–6NoUY015953L multi SD, cont, active bleed6d8–8Temp hornSFY0171040Bilat multi SA, SD, IP, active bleed6d15–7NoTTY0141156R multi SA, SD, ED, IP47–7NoTT, UY0141249R multi SA, SD,sag. sinus. lac.6d7–1NoSFY0141321Bilat multi IP, IV, active bleed6d0348NoSFY2191446Bilat multi SD, IP, SA, huge SD6d22406NoSF, UY0121518R front SA, SD, IP, hyperdense6d11407NoNoY4161643Bilat IP, SD, SA30348Trapprd ventricleNoY12161739Bilat SA, SD, IP, hyperdense6d5308NoNoY4141830R occ., tem, SD, SA6d9178NoNoN4151962L mult IP, SD, mixed density6d22–6Trapped ventricleSF, UY0152063L multi IP, SD, SA2c3–7NoNoY0152167L multi SD, SA6c8–7NoTTN1152257L multi SD, IP, SA4d10na5NoSFN1162325Bilat multi SA, SD4d7–7YesTTY0162454R multi SD, SA2c7–7NoNoN0152540Bilat mult SD, SA, IP6d13–7Trapped ventricleSFY0142672L multi SD, SA, cont2d10256NoSF, UN3152719L multi SD48–3NoNoN0132828Bilat multi ED, SA, IP31308NoNoY0152923Frontal cont.,SAH, SDH2d0–7NoNoN0213048SDH + IPH6d9308NoNoY0143147SDH, EDH, IPH6d4.9427NoSFN015SA = subarachnoid, SD = subdural, IP = intraparenchymal, ED = epidural, cont. = contusion, sag. sinus lac. = sagittal sinus laceration, bilat multi. = bilateral multifocal, occ. = occipital, tem. = temporal, contra hydro = contralateral hydrocephalus, temp horn = temporal horn, front = frontal, U = uncal, SF = subfalcine, TT = transtentorial, na = not availableFig. 1Algorithm for patient managementTable 4Craniectomy A-P Diameter (cm)A-P diameter (cm)# Patients11–12413–14715–161017–187>183Mean A-P diameter 15.5 ± 2.9 cm
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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49,001 |
Our study has limitations. Firstly, we have a relatively small number of participants, so this study could be considered as a preliminary report. Secondly, indices of adiposity such as body composition, fat distribution or waist circumference measurements were not investigated in our study.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
199,384 |
To prevent overfitting, for all experiments in this study we employed a pre-training strategy that has been widely used in sEMG-based hand movement recognition systems [10,12–14,33]. In particular, during each experiment, we firstly pre-trained a model using all available training data and then used the pre-trained model as the initial model in each fold of the validation. The pre-training and training were based on stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm with batch size of 1000, and the number of training epochs was set to 28. To improve convergence, we also applied a learning rate decay strategy , which initialized the learning rate at 0.1 and divided it by 10 at the 16th and 24th epochs, respectively. For layers with dropout regularization, the dropout rate was set to 0.5 during pre-training and set to 0.65 during training.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
369,943 |
(1) In this paper, an emergency communications mechanism based on D2D multicast technology is proposed. This mechanism can increase the communications range of PSN, reduce the network resource consumption, improve the service quality of users, and apply flexibly to various practical environments.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
145,589 |
In this study, we found that approximately 60% of prior GDM patients developed diabetes or prediabetes while 50% developed MetS over a period of 10 years. Our finding is in line with literature where the cumulative incidence of T2DM development over 5 years is reported to be approximately 50% . Our rate of progression to MetS is also consistent with previous reports . Current guidelines recommend screening GDM patients with OGTT 4–12 weeks after delivery and then every 1–3 years . However, there is no consensus as to how long GDM patients should be monitored. In our study, diabetes developed, on average, 4.8 years after delivery. In agreement with this result, the rate of GDM progression to T2DM is reported to be highest during the first 5 years after delivery, with a slower increase after 10 years . We therefore recommend annual screening for the first 5 years after GDM for high-risk patients.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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174,271 |
Baseline characteristics of study participants and dropouts were compared in an attrition analysis, presented in Supplemental Table S1. More details on the study design and questionnaires are available at dnbc.dk and in past publications describing and using this cohort data.
| 1 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
61,103 |
The field of organ transplantation has provided new and innovative approaches to resection of tumors initially deemed unresectable. While still investigational, there are now several reports of ex vivo resections of a variety of lesions with re-implantation of the affected organ [13, 14]. Because of the invasive nature of those procedures and the technical challenges, there is to date no large experience of the use of a minimally invasive approach for these cases.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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42,929 |
Exercises appear in the two works above as a maelstrom of senses, but a maelstrom nevertheless organised by spatial-temporal coordinates. The harnessing of emotions and senses through the imagined space-time of emergencies is accompanied also by discussion of the realism of exercises across literature. I raise the matter of realism not to submerge this article into a discussion of the accuracy of events portrayed in exercises but to indicate how the issue of realism reveals other sensual and aesthetic forces at play. For example, discourses of realism, to return to Adey and Anderson’s work, appear in the form of exercise participants’ commentary on the plausibility of the exercise. Plausibility acts as a condition of regulation to ensure the events portrayed are not too fantastical, do not stretch too much the acknowledged normative similitude emergencies of the same type share. As the authors note, ‘events . . . designed into scenarios (exercises) is very rarely about the imaginary of the “unimaginable”’.36 What is fantastical and what is plausible, importantly, is an issue arbitrated upon by the memory and experiential knowledge of those involved in various aspects of the exercise. Exercises thus ‘anchor the interval of emergency in “realistic” details that resonate with players’ tacit and codified knowledges of the area’.37 In encountering the issue of realism, another sensual force has been revealed in its enrolment within the exercise. The plausibility of the exercise depends on its ability to forge connections between the event it portrays and the experiential knowledge and memory of its participants. This manoeuvre shows, moreover, that exercises are not only created and performed through invoking a set of sensibilities in their participants but must also correspond to and derive from pre-inscribed sensual registers accrued over a life time in emergency response. Along with space-times and a variety of senses, the memory and recollection of exercise participants feeds into the rendition of future emergencies in the exercise.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
87,532 |
This is a secondary analysis on 196 mother/infant pairs from PreventCD. PreventCD is a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, dietary-intervention study in children with high risk for development of CD [27, 29] conducted in Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, and Spain. Infants between 0–3 months of age were recruited if they had at least one first-degree family member with CD confirmed by small-bowel biopsy, and if they were HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 positive or carried the allele DQB1*02. Since later CD development and HLA-risk group assignment had no influence on the serum metabolites and the intervention was applied after blood withdrawal, these variables were not investigated in the present study.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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119,115 |
The human induced pluripotent stem cells iPSCs used in this study were episomal reprogrammed from four family members with MODY1 diabetes, including a healthy family control. The iPSCs cell lines were characterized and confirmed to have normal karyotype, and to be mycoplasma free using a MycoAlert Mycoplasm Detection Kit (Lonza, LT07-418). All hiPS cell lines were subjected to Stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) enrichment (SSEA4 microbeads, MACS Miltenyi Biotec) before proceeding to differentiation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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13,257 |
To test the hypothesis further, we cultured the EDL933 bacterial cells either aerobically or anaerobically and tested their toxicity toward C. elegans. We observed that the virulence of the wild-type EDL933 and the EDL933:ΔsdhA-pWF134 strains when cultured anaerobically were both significantly attenuated compared to the same strains cultured aerobically (Fig. 4b). These data support the notion that EHEC is more toxic in aerobic metabolism. Moreover, C. elegans fed on EDL933:ΔsdhA cells cultured anaerobically exhibited similar survival curves to worms fed on the bacterial cells cultured aerobically (Fig. 4c). Together, our results demonstrated that aerobic respiration plays a role in the regulation of pathogenicity of EHEC in C. elegans, and accounts partly for the decreased virulence of the sdhA mutant.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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248,856 |
In contrast, a strong negative Spearman’s correlation of KP5825 was found with Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group 11319 (Spearman’s rho: −0.707483, p-value: 1.617432 × 10−7), Roseburia 2012 (Spearman’s rho: −0.698115, p-value: 2.755227 × 10−7), Anaerostipes 1991 (Spearman’s rho: −0.696975, p-value: 2.935625 × 10−7), Lachnospiraceae UCG-004 11324 (Spearman’s rho: −0.689624, p-value: 4.389162 × 10−7), Lachnoclostridium 11308 (Spearman’s rho: −0.675595, p-value: 9.163409 × 10−7), Tyzzerella 3 11335 (Spearman’s rho: −0.624699, p-value: 9.787015 × 10−6), Agathobacter 25644 (Spearman’s rho: −0.615631, p-value: 1.429190 × 10−5), and Lachnospiraceae NK3A20 group 11318 (Spearman’s rho: −0.609958, p-value: 1.800413 × 10−5). Representative scatter plots are shown in Figure 7. These bacterial genera were nearly exclusively present with low levels of KP5825 and were present in the CTL and ciprofloxacin-treated samples, whereas KP5825 was more frequent in the ampicillin and ceftazidime treatment groups. Supplementary Table S1 in Supplementary Material S1 contains the complete list of pairwise correlations among KP5825 with Spearman’s rho and p-values.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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383,025 |
Portosystemic shunts are rare and often detected in adulthood but should be considered as an important cause of unexplained encephalopathy in the absence of cirrhosis . It is well known that the size of such shunts increases with age making older people are exposed to the higher level of the toxic metabolite, resulting in confusion, lethargy or even frank encephalopathy . This age-associated increase in shunt size may help explain why some patients remain asymptomatic until later decades in their life.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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243,165 |
All patients aged 18 years and older who underwent FNA biopsy with indeterminate cytology results throughout the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System from August 2017 to January 2020 were eligible for enrollment. Those excluded were patients under the age of 18 years, those with concurrent thyroid malignancy, those who received nondiagnostic molecular test results, and non-English-speaking patients, due to the inability to provide our electronic QOL assessment in a language other than English. This study was approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board.
| 2 | 1clinical
| 0Study
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101,311 |
Monolayered or few-layered graphene has attracted remarkable attention over the past several years due to its extremely high electron mobility and thermal conductivity1–4. Although there still remains challenges in wafer-scale deposition and controlling the electronic bandgap, graphene is widely seen as a strong candidate for future microelectronics5–7. In the applications of graphene, interface thermal resistance (R) or conductance (G) induced by graphene is the most common quantity used to characterize heat dissipation from graphene to its substrate. Early work by Freitage et al.8 characterized the heat dissipation from graphene to substrate for the first time, but didn’t explore graphene-substrate interface thermal resistance. Following work by Chen et al.9 employed the differential 3ω method on the graphene/SiO2 interface and reported a R range from 5.6 × 10−9 to 1.2 × 10−8 Km2W−1 at room temperature. Mak et al.10 employed the ultrafast pump-probe method and obtained a G of the single-layered and multilayered graphene/SiO2 interface varying from 2000 to 11000 Wcm−2K−1. Koh et al.11 performed the time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) measurement on the Au/Ti/graphene/SiO2 and Au/Ti/SiO2 sandwiches (graphene layers 1 ≤ n ≤ 10) and reported a G of ~25 MWm−2K−1 at room temperature for the Au/Ti/graphene/SiO2 interface. Similarly, Guzman et al.12 performed the TDTR measurements on the variable metals/single-layered graphene/SiO2 structures and gave a G range of 15-60 MWm−2K−1. Hopkins et al.13 determined the thermal boundary conductance across the Al/single-layered graphene/Si interface from the TDTR measurement and found a two-fold increase with the oxygen functionalization of the graphene.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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6,388 |
To dissect the underlying mechanisms of how binding of SRSF1 immediately upstream to the intron-distal 5′ SSs regulates alternative 5′ SS selection, we examined the effect of SRSF1 on the assembly of U1 snRNP to either of these 5′ SSs. We first made two 3 x MS2-attached RNA probes (Fig. 5a and Supplementary Fig. S3); Probe-1 contained the intron-distal 5′ SS with the SRSF1-binding site, whereas probe-2 contained the intron-distal 5′ SS with a disrupted SRSF1-binding site. As a control, we used the 3 x MS2-attached human β-globin gene35 (Fig. 5a and Supplementary Fig. S3). We added these 3 x MS2-attached RNA probes to the splicing-competent HeLa nuclear extract to make an early spliceosome assemble on the probe. Spliceosome on each probe was isolated using the MS2 coat protein-coated beads, and Western blot analysis was performed as previously described35. We found that association of U1 snRNP to probe-1, but not to probe-2, was markedly reduced compared to the control probe (Fig. 5b, lanes 2 and 3), suggesting that binding of SRSF1 to the cis-element has a suppressive effect on the assembly of U1 snRNP on the adjacent intron-distal 5′ SS. We next analyzed the effect of SRSF1 on the assembly of U1 snRNP on the intron-proximal 5′ SS. We made two additional 3 x MS2-attached RNA probes; Probe-3 contained the intron-proximal 5′ SS with the SRSF1-binding site, and probe-4 contained the intron-proximal 5′ SS with a disrupted SRSF1-binding site (Fig. 5a and Supplementary Fig. S3). The intron-distal 5′ SS was mutated in both probes-3 and -4. Analysis of the associated complexes on these probes showed that the assembly of U1 snRNP on the intron-proximal 5′ SS was not affected by the disruption of the SRSF1-binding site (Fig. 5c), which was in contrast to the effect on the intron-distal 5′ SS (Fig. 5b).Figure 5SRSF1 suppresses binding of U1 snRNP to the intron-distal 5′ SS of DOK7 intron 4. (a) Schematic of 3 x MS2 RNA probes used for isolation of an early spliceosome complex. Control probe contains constitutive 5′ SS of the human β-globin gene encoded in pSP64-HβΔ6-MS2. Probe-1 carries the SRSF1-binding site and the intron-distal (Int-dis) 5′ SS, but lacks the intron-proximal (Int-pro) 5′ SS. Probe-2 carries a disrupted SRSF1-binding site and the intron-distal 5′ SS, but lacks the intron-proximal 5′ SS. Probe-3 carries the SRSF1-binding site, a mutated intron-distal 5′ SS, and the intron-proximal 5′ SS. Probe-4 carries a disrupted SRSF1-binding site, a mutated intron-distal 5′ SS, and the intron-proximal 5′ SS. Sequences of the probes are shown in Supplementary Fig. S3. (b) Immunoblotting of purified spliceosome complexes assembled on control, probe-1, and probe-2 RNA substrates. (c) Immunoblotting of purified spliceosome complexes assembled on control, probe-3, and probe-4 RNA substrates. (d) Schematic of DOK7 minigenes carrying wild-type (Wt and Mut-6) or disrupted (Mut-5 and Mut-7) SRSF1-binding site, with (Mut-6 and Mut-7) or without (Wt and Mut-5) duplicated intron-proximal 5′ SS. Lower panel shows RT-PCR of these minigenes transfected in HeLa cells. Sequences of the Wt and mutant constructs (Mut-5, -6 and -7) are shown in Supplementary Fig. S6. Mut-5 is identical to Mut-5 in Fig. 3d. (e) Distribution of SRSF1-CLIP tags centered around the intron-distal (left panels) and intron-proximal (right panels) 5′ SSs depicted by integrated genome-wide analysis of CLIP-seq of SRSF1 in native HeLa cells and RNA-seq in SRSF1-knocked down HeLa cells. Mean (green lines) and standard error (light green areas) of normalized CLIP-tag densities are shown. In 1445 (upper panels) and 427 (lower panels) genes, SRSF1-konockdown activates intron-distal and intron-proximal 5′ SSs, respectively. A double-headed arrow indicates a peak immediately upstream to the intron-distal 5′ SS in the 1445 genes, indicating the suppressive effect of SRSF1 on the intron-distal 5′ SS, as we observed in DOK7 intron 4.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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281,254 |
In order to define the mechanism of action of PE, reaction rates were measured in assay mixtures containing different L-idose concentrations (between 0.8 and 6 mM) in the case of AR, and different p-NPP concentrations (between 0.5 and 25 mM) in the case of PTP1B, in the absence and in the presence of different PE concentrations. Data were analysed by Lineweaver–Burk plots. The apparent dissociation constants Ki’ (for the ESI complex) and Ki (for the EI complex) were determined from secondary plots of 1/appVmax and appKM/appVmax as a function of the inhibitor concentration, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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22,334 |
This is the first study to evaluate BP measurements in a group of males which was large enough to fulfil AAMI requirements (at least 30% of all individuals included), and to compare BP between sexes. BP proved not to differ between males and females, contrary to previous observations in dogs , but in agreement with observations in cats . This is also the first study to compare BP between young and adult small ruminants. Kids had lower BP than adults, which is in line with what is considered normal in people , and previous observations in growing beagle dogs . However, this could only be noted using an invasive method, not oscillometry. This observation indicates that problems with selection of the best cuff size may considerably distort the truth, what has already been shown in children and laboratory animals .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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330,228 |
All CT images were reviewed by at least two radiologists with more than 10 years of experience. Imaging was reviewed independently. When the opinions on the CT features were inconsistent, the two radiologists discussed and decided together. Only final decisions reached by consensus are reported. No negative control cases were examined.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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316,534 |
The thermogram of Cur/ALG-GANPs revealed a different peak from those of ALG-GA nanoparticles even they appeared to be an association of both polymers due to the new chemical bounds resulted from the complexation of polyelectrolyte. It could be seen that the exothermic peak of sodium ALG-GA nanoparticles appeared at 182.93 °C, a proximate intermediate peak, in comparison with the peaks of both polymers (177.86 °C and 185.11 °C) which can be explained by the interactions occurring between polyelectrolytes.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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33,943 |
To demonstrate that similar protrusions are found in secondary endocrine cells arising during the normal course of development, we first imaged mnx1:memGFP-expressing cells in uninduced samples at 8 dpf, which are only rarely detectable (n=7/45 larvae). In 4/7 samples, the signal was too weak to distinguish cell morphology. In 2/3 samples containing cells with sufficiently strong signal, fine dynamic protrusions were detected (Fig. S6A-D). At 2 weeks (13-15 dpf), more cells show mnx1:memGFP expression (Table S1), and dynamic protrusions could be observed from cells in isolation and already in clusters (Fig. S6E-G; 6/14 samples imaged).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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171,093 |
While using household pets can present some unique challenges to microbiome studies, they can offer a more generalizable and cost-effective result that is more likely to be confirmed by customers' experiences. Pets are genetically diverse, vary in age and health status, live in a variety of different environments, and consume many different diets so the results are correspondingly more likely to translate to the full pet population. The cost of the study is likely to be less than a study with colony animals, depending on the services and incentives that are provided to pet owners as part of the study.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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308,470 |
We use the backpropagation and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) to train our MSR-RCNN (LeCun et al., 1989). For the training of MSR-RCNN, each SGD mini-batch is constructed from a single pest image that contains 256 samples. Negative samples and positive samples are randomly selected in a ratio of 1:1 in each mini-batch. Gaussian distribution with a mean of 0 and a SD of 0.01 is used to initialize the parameters of the classification regression layer. In each SGD iteration, we use RPN to generate 1,000 potential regions to be sent to R-CNN for learning. We train a total of 12 epochs with a momentum of 0.9, among which the first 8 epochs have a learning rate of 0.0025, and the last 4 epochs are 0.00025. Our experiment is deployed on a Dell 750 server with NVIDIA Titan RTX GPU (24G memory) using the Mmdetection2.0.0 (Chen et al., 2019) framework and Python 3.8. Unless otherwise stated, all comparison models in this study use the default parameters. Since the SmoothL1 Loss function is differentiable at zero, we use it to train the R-CNN network for more stable performance. Because the L1 Loss is a non-differentiable function at zero, we apply it in RPN network training to improve the robustness.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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11,303 |
Vildagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), is a new Oral Hypoglycemic Agent (OHA) with a dual function. It is used to treat patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) . It induces the secretion of insulin in order to decrease blood sugar level (by inhibiting the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP). It can also suppress glucagon release in the pancreas in order to prevent the release of glucose in blood . Currently, this drug is approved for use especially in the European Union, Latin America and Asia. Vildagliptin, which is absorbed rapidly upon administration, is used alone or in combination with other OHAs.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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21,281 |
Only two women knew through an antepartum ultrasound exam that their fetus was in a non-cephalic position. A third woman received an ultrasound exam in the eighth month for the purposes of fetal sex determination. Her mother-in-law was aware that fetal position could be detected through ultrasonography, but indicated that the doctor did not tell them anything about fetal presentation during their ultrasound exam. Only a few women acknowledged ultrasonography as a method of identifying the fetal position. A few interviewees were puzzled by questions regarding antepartum diagnosis of fetal presentation, as they did not understand how they could have detected the position when the fetus was still inside the womb and thus not visible. Some women suspected non-cephalic position from the physical feel during pregnancy, and several women were diagnosed inaccurately or possibly diagnosed too early in pregnancy. One woman said a traditional birth attendant falsely told her that she was pregnant with twins, and others described traditional birth attendants mistaking the fetal buttocks for the head right around the start of labor or not noticing the non-cephalic presentation until well into labor. One woman said, “We don’t know how the baby got to be in the incorrect, upside-down position,” as a village midwife (hatkini) had put her hand into the vagina at the beginning of labor and had declared that the fetus was in correct position. One woman had been told during an antenatal check-up with a village “doctor” (not a certified doctor) that she had a non-cephalic fetus, but later was told the contrary at a health facility. Based on that information, her family did not take her to a health facility at the time of delivery. In FGDs, ultrasonography and a physical exam by health personnel were mentioned as possible ways of diagnosing non-cephalic presentation, although the latter was not emphasized in the mothers’ focus groups. In one of the grandmothers’ focus groups, many participants expressed awareness of ultrasonography as a tool for diagnosing fetal position, but they emphasized the associated expenses over the perceived clinical benefits. Very few appeared to know the benefits of ultrasonography beyond determining fetal position and sex.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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357,906 |
The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models were utilized to define the dispersion of the adsorbent, building upon certain hypothesis regarding the heterogeneity and homogeneity of the adsorbent. In this regard, they indicate the proportion of the liquid solute (adsorbate) deposited on the surface solid phase (adsorbent) and the remnant in solution at a given time and concentration. Furthermore, the equilibrium isotherm was plotted by the values of the fluid phase concentration against solid phase concentration .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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333,549 |
We next assessed Rab6B−/− neurons by quantitative fluorescent western blotting. Ablation of Rab6B was accompanied by some-whatdecreased total levels of active zone proteins, while other presynaptic or postsynaptic proteins were unaffected (Figures 2A and 2B). We hypothesized that Rab6B is involved in the delivery of material to nerve terminals. Previous studies reported that axonal delivery defects can result in aberrant accumulation of cargo in axons away from synapses (Barber et al., 2017; Miller et al., 2005). We employed either high-pressure freezing followed by freeze substitution (Figures 2C–2F and S2A) or chemical fixation (Figures S2B and S2C) of hippocampal neurons and assessed synaptic and axonal ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy. The number of vesicles per bouton was decreased by ~25% in Rab6B−/− KO nerve terminals, and there was a striking ~3-fold increase in the number of vesicles in axons outside of presynaptic boutons. We call these vesicles ‘‘axonal vesicles,’’ as opposed to synaptic vesicles that are present in boutons. The number of docked synaptic vesicles, the size of the postsynaptic density, and the axon width were unaffected. We also found that nerve terminal size was somewhat decreased, while there was an increase in the area covered by endosomal structures in boutons (Figure S2A). In conclusion, axonal vesicles are much more frequently present in axons of Rab6B−/− neurons, and there are changes in presynaptic ultrastructure that are consistent with impaired cargo delivery.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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71,523 |
To the best of our knowledge, this is the most extensive report covering the largest case number of TFAE done in small children. Many unique TFAE applications such as laser therapy, BDP, stent implantation and plasty have rarely been mentioned before [6–11]. Additionally, it also highlights that these TFAE techniques can be safely, timely and effectively executed by well-experienced endoscopists without using any ventilation bag, mask, airway, or mechanical ventilation in this high-risk population.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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309,995 |
Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) belongs to the Leguminosae Papilionoideae family and the adzuki beans are most popular as compared to white, black and gray in northeast Asia . The adzuki beans are mainly cultivated in China (670,000 ha), Japan (60,000 ha), South Korea (25,000 ha) and Taiwan (15,000 ha) . The bean is commercially grown in the US, South America and India, as well as in New Zealand, Kongo and Angola. Adzuki beans are commonly used as food in the form of sprout boiled and as a drink such as tea. Some Asian cultures enjoy adzuki bean paste as a filling or topping for various kinds of waffles, pastries, baked buns, or biscuits. Adzuki beans are a good source of dietary fiber and minerals which include magnesium, potassium, and zinc . It also contains large amounts of vitamin B1 that can assist in carbohydrate digestion . The adzuki bean has a large consumer market in Asian countries. In China, adzuki bean is usually served as one of the popular foods on the table. In addition, adzuki beans also have the functions of nourishing the heart, nourishing the spleen and stomach, eliminating edema, dampness and clearing heat, and detoxification .
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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75,234 |
We also sought to compare the percentage of mapped read pairs aligned with bwa-aln and bwa-mem. We expected that bwa-mem would map more reads, since it could map reads with more sequencing errors, as well as greater sequence variation. Consistent with these expectations, in all cases tested, bwa-aln mapped a lower percentage of reads relative to bwa-mem (Table 2). Also, as expected, given the underlying algorithm, bwa-mem computed the alignments faster than bwa-aln when the majority of reads map to the reference genome (i.e. Plasmodium–human against the Plasmodium genome, Plasmodium–human against the combined reference, Brugia–Wolbachia against the Brugia genome, Brugia–Wolbachia against the combined reference, and 1000 Genomes against the human genome). Conversely, we anticipated that when the vast majority of reads did not map to the reference, bwa-mem would spend large amounts of compute time trying to incorrectly align them to the genome (i.e. Plasmodium–human against the human genome and Brugia– Wolbachia against the Wolbachia genome). As expected, these latter two cases were aligned more quickly with bwa-aln than bwa-mem at the lower seed lengths tested (Table 3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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136,234 |
We can look to other examples of POI caused by damaging environments such as autoimmune, iatrogenic, metabolic syndrome (obesity/high-fat diet), and models of galactose-intoxicated animals to speculate how the follicle damage is caused by abnormal metabolites in CG. Various studies exploring autoimmune causes of POI show that the oocyte, granulosa cells, zona pellucida, steroid hormone-producing cells in developing follicles, and the pituitary–hypothalamic axis can all be a target of harmful antibodies (Forges et al. 2004, Altuntas et al. 2006, Sharif et al. 2019). Induced oophoritis in animal models reveals damage mainly to growing and developing follicles (Domniz & Meirow 2019). Targeted antibody attack of one negative regulator of FSH led to increased FSH and follicle depletion due to increased follicle activation early in life (Altuntas et al. 2006). Chemotherapy agent cyclophosphamide appears to cause POI by damaging DNA, specifically in the primordial oocyte and granulosa cells of developing follicles. The damage to the primordial oocyte leads to a brief moment of growth in the oocyte but then to apoptosis without differentiation to a primary follicle at day one after administration of cyclophosphamide (Luan et al. 2019). There are conflicting interpretations of whether chemotherapy causes primordial follicle death and no increased activation of primordial follicles (Luan et al. 2019) or POI due to increased activation (Kalich-Philosoph et al. 2013); regardless, it is clear that primordial follicle damage contributes to developing POI. Researchers also saw changes in AMH levels after the administration of cyclophosphamide in mice. Three days after administration, AMH fell dramatically, similar to what is seen in humans with follicle damage, and then steadily increased to control levels seven days post-treatment, presumably due to improvement in follicle health after the initial insult (Luan et al. 2019).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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320,705 |
Two-bottle choice, every-other-day drinking in MyD88 KO, Mock control and Jax control mice. Left, males; right, females. (A,D) Ethanol (EtOH) intake (g/kg/24 h), (B,E) EtOH preference. (C,F) Total fluid intake (g/kg/24 h) in control (Jax C57BL/6J, n = 8; Mock-treatment control, n = 13–14) vs. mutant mice (n = 13-14 MyD88 KO). Values represent mean ± SEM. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures two-way ANOVA mixed-effects analysis with multiple comparisons followed by Benjamini, Krieger, and Yekutieli post-hoc tests (*q < 0.05 and ***q < 0.001 between MyD88 KO and combined controls.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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381,557 |
A series of fluid injections: (i) oil injection (OI), (ii) water flooding (WF), and (iii) GI, were performed in the aged reservoir rock, during which the pore space was continuously imaged to capture the dynamics of displacement. All injections were performed from the bottom of the sample under capillary-dominated conditions; see table 2. Figure 2 shows two-dimensional raw pore-scale images of a cross-section of the rock acquired after each injection step. Table 2.Details of the fluid injections performed during the three-phase flow experiment at 8 MPa and 60°C. Pore volumes (PV) injected correspond to the total porosity of the rock sample. WF and GI were stopped when no significant change in the fluid configurations in the pore space had been observed for at least 15 min. Capillary numbers were calculated using Ca = µq/σ, where σ is the interfacial tension, µ is the viscosity of the injected fluid and q is the Darcy velocity. Subscripts w, g and o stand for water, gas and oil phases, respectively. σ and µ are shown in table 1, while q is calculated by dividing the flow rate by the cross-sectional area of the sample (11.34 mm2).injection stepflow rate (ml min−1)PVtotal time (min)capillary numberoil injection (OI)0.120.08.32—water flooding (WF)0.000150.6992.1Ca[wo] = 2.09 × 10−9gas injection (GI)0.000150.2432.2Ca[go] = 3.64 × 10−10Ca[gw] = 6.39 × 10−11
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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20,723 |
The United Nation’s (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 3 on health and well–being contains important commitments to reducing by one third premature mortality from non–communicable diseases (NCDs), promoting mental health and well–being, strengthening the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol, and halving the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents. The Goal also aims to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health–care services, including for family planning, information and education, and to improve the implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
| 2 | 2other
| 1Other
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359,187 |
By calculating, we easily see that the linearization system of model (4) at equilibrium \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$E_{1}(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1},0)$\end{document}E1(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗,0) is 16\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$ \textstyle\begin{cases} X_{n+1}= \frac{1}{1+\phi(d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1})}X_{n}-\frac{\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}v^{*}_{1}}{1+\phi(d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1})}Y_{n}-\frac{\phi(\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}v^{*}_{1}+f(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1}))}{1+\phi(d+\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1})}V_{n},\\ Y_{n+1}= \frac{\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}}{(1+\phi (d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}))(1+\phi a)}X_{n}+(1-\phi^{2} \frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}v^{*}_{1}}{1+\phi(d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1})}+\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}v^{*}_{1}) \\ \hphantom{Y_{n+1}=}{} \times\frac{1}{1+\phi a}Y_{n}+\frac{1}{1+\phi a}[-\phi\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}\frac{\phi(\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}v^{*}_{1}+f(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1}))}{1+\phi (d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1})}\\ \hphantom{Y_{n+1}=}{}+\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}v^{*}_{1}+\phi f(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1})]V_{n}-\frac{\phi py^{*}_{1}}{1+\phi (b-cy^{*}_{1})}\frac{1}{1+\phi a}Z_{n},\\ V_{n+1}= \frac{\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}}{(1+\phi (d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}))(1+\phi a)}\frac{\phi k}{1+\phi u}X_{n}+(1-\phi^{2} \frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}v^{*}_{1}}{1+\phi(d+\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1})}\\ \hphantom{V_{n+1}=}{} +\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}v^{*}_{1})\frac{1}{1+\phi a}\frac {\phi k}{1+\phi u}Y_{n}+[\frac{1}{1+\phi a}\frac{\phi k}{1+\phi u}(-\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}\\ \hphantom{V_{n+1}=}{}\times\frac{\phi(\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}v^{*}_{1}+f(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1}))}{1+\phi(d+\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1})}+\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}v^{*}_{1}+\phi f(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1}))+\frac{1}{1+\phi u}]V_{n}\\ \hphantom{V_{n+1}=}{}-\frac{\phi py^{*}_{1}}{1+\phi(b-cy^{*}_{1})}\frac{1}{1+\phi a}\frac{\phi k}{1+\phi u}Z_{n},\\ Z_{n+1}= \frac{1}{1+\phi(b-cy^{*}_{1})}Z_{n}, \end{cases} $$\end{document}{Xn+1=11+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗)Xn−ϕ∂f∂yv1∗1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗)Yn−ϕ(∂f∂vv1∗+f(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗))1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗)Vn,Yn+1=ϕ∂f∂xv1∗(1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗))(1+ϕa)Xn+(1−ϕ2∂f∂xv1∗∂f∂yv1∗1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗)+ϕ∂f∂yv1∗)Yn+1=×11+ϕaYn+11+ϕa[−ϕ∂f∂xv1∗ϕ(∂f∂vv1∗+f(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗))1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗)Yn+1=+ϕ∂f∂vv1∗+ϕf(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗)]Vn−ϕpy1∗1+ϕ(b−cy1∗)11+ϕaZn,Vn+1=ϕ∂f∂xv1∗(1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗))(1+ϕa)ϕk1+ϕuXn+(1−ϕ2∂f∂xv1∗∂f∂yv1∗1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗)Vn+1=+ϕ∂f∂yv1∗)11+ϕaϕk1+ϕuYn+[11+ϕaϕk1+ϕu(−ϕ∂f∂xv1∗Vn+1=×ϕ(∂f∂vv1∗+f(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗))1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗)+ϕ∂f∂vv1∗+ϕf(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗))+11+ϕu]VnVn+1=−ϕpy1∗1+ϕ(b−cy1∗)11+ϕaϕk1+ϕuZn,Zn+1=11+ϕ(b−cy1∗)Zn, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\bigl(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1} \bigr), \quad \quad\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}=\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\bigl(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1} \bigr),\quad \quad \frac{\partial f}{\partial v}=\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}\bigl(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1} \bigr). $$\end{document}∂f∂x=∂f∂x(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗),∂f∂y=∂f∂y(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗),∂f∂v=∂f∂v(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗). By calculating we obtain the characteristic equation of equation (16), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$f(\lambda)\triangleq \biggl(\lambda-\frac{1}{1+\phi(b-cy^{*}_{1})} \biggr) \bigl(\lambda ^{3}+m\lambda^{2}+n\lambda+l\bigr)=0, $$\end{document}f(λ)≜(λ−11+ϕ(b−cy1∗))(λ3+mλ2+nλ+l)=0, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} $$\begin{aligned}& m= -(1+\phi d)\frac{\phi^{2} k(\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}v^{*}_{1}+f(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1}))}{(1+\phi (d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}))(1+\phi u)(1+\phi a)}-\frac {1}{1+\phi u} \\& \hphantom{m=}{}-\frac{\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}v^{*}_{1}+1}{1+\phi a}+\frac{\phi^{2} \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}v^{*}_{1}}{(1+\phi(d+\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}))(1+\phi a)}-\frac{1}{1+\phi (d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1})}, \\& n= \frac{\phi^{2} k(\frac{\partial f}{\partial v}v^{*}_{1}+f(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1}))}{(1+\phi(d+\frac {\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}))(1+\phi u)(1+\phi a)}+\frac {1}{(1+\phi(d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}))(1+\phi u)} \\& \hphantom{n=}{} + \biggl(\frac{1}{1+\phi(d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1})}+\frac{1}{1+\phi u} \biggr) \frac{\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}v^{*}_{1}+1}{1+\phi a} \\& \hphantom{n=}{} -\frac{\phi^{2} k\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}}{(1+\phi(d+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}v^{*}_{1}))(1+\phi u)^{2}(1+\phi a)}, \\& l= -\frac{\phi\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}v^{*}_{1}+1}{(1+\phi(d+m))(1+\phi u)(1+\phi a)}. \end{aligned}$$ \end{document}m=−(1+ϕd)ϕ2k(∂f∂vv1∗+f(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗))(1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗))(1+ϕu)(1+ϕa)−11+ϕum=−ϕ∂f∂yv1∗+11+ϕa+ϕ2∂f∂xv1∗∂f∂yv1∗(1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗))(1+ϕa)−11+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗),n=ϕ2k(∂f∂vv1∗+f(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗))(1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗))(1+ϕu)(1+ϕa)+1(1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗))(1+ϕu)n=+(11+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗)+11+ϕu)ϕ∂f∂yv1∗+11+ϕan=−ϕ2k∂f∂xv1∗(1+ϕ(d+∂f∂xv1∗))(1+ϕu)2(1+ϕa),l=−ϕ∂f∂yv1∗+1(1+ϕ(d+m))(1+ϕu)(1+ϕa). Let \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\lambda_{i}$\end{document}λi (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$i=1,2,3,4$\end{document}i=1,2,3,4) be the roots of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$f(\lambda)=0$\end{document}f(λ)=0, then \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\lambda_{1}=\frac{1}{1+\phi(b-cy^{*}_{1})}$\end{document}λ1=11+ϕ(b−cy1∗) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\lambda_{2}$\end{document}λ2, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\lambda_{3}$\end{document}λ3 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\lambda_{4}$\end{document}λ4 satisfy the equation \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\lambda^{3}+m\lambda^{2}+n\lambda+l=0$\end{document}λ3+mλ2+nλ+l=0. From \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$Z_{n}>0$\end{document}Zn>0, we know \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\frac{1}{1+\phi(b-cy^{*}_{1})}>0$\end{document}11+ϕ(b−cy1∗)>0. By \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$R_{1}>1$\end{document}R1>1, we have \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\frac{b}{c}< y^{*}_{1}$\end{document}bc<y1∗. Hence, we get \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\frac {1}{1+\phi(b-cy^{*}_{1})}>1$\end{document}11+ϕ(b−cy1∗)>1. This shows that when \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$R_{1}>1$\end{document}R1>1, the no-immune equilibrium \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$E_{1}(x^{*}_{1},y^{*}_{1},v^{*}_{1},0)$\end{document}E1(x1∗,y1∗,v1∗,0) is unstable. This completes the proof. □
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
92,950 |
Let K satisfy (1), \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\rho>2$\end{document}ρ>2, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$T=\{T_{\epsilon}\} _{\epsilon>0}$\end{document}T={Tϵ}ϵ>0 be given by (2). Suppose that K satisfies (1) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$K\in H_{r,0}$\end{document}K∈Hr,0-Hörmander condition, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$V_{\rho}(T)$\end{document}Vρ(T) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\mathcal{O}(T) $\end{document}O(T) are bounded on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$L^{p_{0}}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$\end{document}Lp0(Rn) for some \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$1< p_{0}<\infty$\end{document}1<p0<∞. Then \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$V_{\rho}(T)$\end{document}Vρ(T) and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\mathcal{O}(T) $\end{document}O(T) are bounded on \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$L^{p}(\mathbb {R}^{n})$\end{document}Lp(Rn) for any \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$\max\{r',p_{0}\}< p<\infty$\end{document}max{r′,p0}<p<∞.
| 3 | 2other
| 0Study
|
175,785 |
ROC curve analyses were carried out to detect the diagnostic accuracy of the FIT and the cut-off value that maximizes sensitivity and specificity for CRC detection. The discriminatory ability of the test was assessed by estimating the area under the curve (AUC). ROC curve analyses were carried out for both the total sample and stratified by age and sex groups: women aged 50–59, women aged 60–69, men aged 50–59, and men aged 60–69.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
341,715 |
At the Robert Koch Institute (RKI, Berlin, Germany), 16 cultures were investigated which were grown with suspected colonies for F. tularensis subsp. holarctica on Martin Lewis agar plates (BD Diagnostics, Heidelberg, Germany) or with turbidity in brain heart infusion enriched with isovitalex inoculated from different sample materials (muscle tissue, lymph node, and bone marrow) from four hares. DNA was isolated from lymph node material (A-1299/6) and bone marrow material (A-1299/7) from one hare, and the Francisella isolate (A-1338) was isolated from the lymph node from the same hare. The DNA isolation was performed by using the MagNA Pure 24 system (Roche), see above. A draft genome sequence was performed from Francisella strain A-1338 .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
230,551 |
A machine learning classifier was able to predict which type of teacher communication was more likely to generate a positive response by a student with ASC, indicating that the student responded to the communication in a way intended by the teacher, with an accuracy (0.664; RF model) greater than that expected from a random (0.500) or major class (0.566) baseline prediction. When student attributes, i.e., cognitive and language levels, sex and age, are added into the function, the accuracy level increases (0.693; RF or GP model), and when past information is incorporated, accuracy improves further (0.711; GP-α, τ = 1). Thus, the results of this exploratory research indicate that the developed classifier, derived from observations of teacher-child interactions, has the capacity to capture relevant signals from the data, which is instrumental for its potential usefulness in classroom practice. Based on the ablation analysis, teacher communications did indeed have the greatest impact on classification accuracy (3.25% of reduction on average), something the reinforces the importance of choosing the right type of communication.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
226,670 |
The participants in both groups were met twice per week in small groups of 6 to 10 participants for 4 consecutive weeks (duration: 40 min per session). After the training, the participants performed posttest trials (i.e., the bimanual coordination task) while wearing the eye tracker system, but without any verbal feedback or guidance. The retention test was performed 48 h after the training session, just the same as the posttest (with the eye tracker and without feedback).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
380,556 |
The TB prevalence and incidence rates in asylum seekers from Eritrea and Somalia in our study were much higher than the WHO-estimated TB incidence in Eritrea (74 cases/100,000 population) and in Somalia (270 cases/100,000 population) (8). A plausible explanation for this finding is the additional risk for infection while traveling to Europe, where overcrowding and unsanitary conditions are common along travel routes, on top of the baseline infection risk in the country of birth (15,16). Walker et al. (17) found molecular and epidemiologic evidence for this in their study of a cluster of multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis infections among patients arriving in Europe from the Horn of Africa. A second explanation could be an increased risk for TB because of vitamin D deficiency, malnutrition, and stress (15). These conditions are common in asylum seekers during the often stressful asylum application procedures and during the first years of settlement in the new country. Third, transmission within ethnic groups in the new country of residence can also contribute to the higher TB rates found in asylum seekers. Occasional outbreaks have been reported in ethnic groups, including recently arrived asylum seekers (18). Finally, the WHO figures could be an underestimation of actual TB rates (18–20).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
295,550 |
The diagnosis of brachial nerve involvement is mainly clinical but the involvement of the cervical spine has to be ruled out. As mentioned earlier, the exact mechanism of nerve involvement is not known, hence, no tests are available to establish the causality of COVID-19 vaccination and brachial plexus involvement. Most of the authors did nerve conduction studies to confirm the diagnosis made clinically and MRI cervical spine to rule out any degenerative pathology of the cervical spine. Also, a few authors got blood investigations too like C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, Lyme antibodies, angiotensin-converting enzyme, herpes simplex antigen, and varicella-zoster virus antigen, etc. to rule out any inflammatory or other viral cause . In our patient, we did electromyography and nerve conduction studies which confirmed the involvement of the brachial plexus. Also, an MRI of the cervical spine was normal in our case. One of the articles mentioned the use of MR neurography in such patients which further confirms the diagnosis .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
58,355 |
GDGTs containing between 0 and 8 cyclopentyl rings per molecule were observed in the core and polar fraction of log phase P. torridus cells grown in cultivation medium with a pH of 0.7 when incubated at 53, 58, and 63°C (Supplementary Table 3, Figures 4C,D). In the core fraction, the relative abundance of GDGTs did not vary systematically in cultures incubated at 58 and 63°C. However, substantial differences were apparent in cultures incubated at 53°C, in particular the higher relative abundance of GDGT-0. The core GDGT ring index was positively correlated (Pearson R2 = 0.86) with temperature (Figure 4E), and this relationship was primarily driven by variation in GDGTs associated with cultures incubated at 53°C. In the polar fraction, the abundance of GDGT-3 and GDGT-4 increased with increasing incubation temperature, whereas the abundance of GDGT-0 decreased with increasing incubation temperature. As such, the polar GDGT ring index was positively correlated (Pearson R2 = 0.97) with incubation temperature (Figure 4E).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
7,690 |
The relative numbers of proliferated cells and proliferated AEC2s were measured at different time points using immunofluorescence. Double-immunofluorescence staining for pro-SPC and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) was used to monitor AEC2s proliferation after ALI. In sham group, there were no differences between proliferated cells and proliferated AEC2s on each day after acute lung injury. But there was a significant increase of proliferated cells and proliferated AEC2s after ALI, especially on the 2nd and 3rd day. Most alveolar walls were thickened, pulmonary alveoli were slightly shrinks, cubic or round proliferated AEC2s lined in the alveolar wall. On the 5th day to 7th day the number of proliferated cells and AEC2s returned to a normal level.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
242,629 |
Solution branches of equation (6.2) (for spatially uniform states) or of (4.7) and (4.8) (for non-uniform states) with γ=0 and n=2 for different pairs of the parameters κ and A. Solid and dotted curves show stable and unstable solutions. Black curves correspond to uniform states, while red curves correspond to spatially modulated states and bump states. The dots in panels (b), (f) and (h) show points corresponding to the solutions shown in figures 8, 9, 12 and 13. In panel (c), the red curve has two tiny stable parts close to the fold point on the lower branch and close to the right end of the curve. Panel (b) shows a situation analogous to that shown in fig. 9 in .
| 3 | 2other
| 0Study
|
91,944 |
This study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Gifu Municipal Hospital. (approval no. 186). Participants were given sufficient explanation of the study in writing including the following contents: purpose of the study, research method, subject of study, cost, ethical consideration, and management of personal information. After the explanation, participants provided written, informed consent. Regarding ethical considerations for the non-intervention group, personal counseling with a pharmacist was not provided; however, the pharmacist and other medical staff could respond to questions and engage in consultation concerning the therapeutic agents and adverse events involved in treatment.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
231,988 |
Protection and surveillance zones in the EU need to measure a minimum of 3 km and 10 km respectively. The USA prescribes the same, including a buffer zone of 2 km between the two (8). In the Republic of South Africa “controlled areas” were established in 1935 in places where the sylvatic cycle is endemic (13). The Russian Federation establishes two distinct “threat zones,” the “first-threat” zone measuring a minimum of five to 20 km, the “second-threat” zone has a radius of 100–150 km (10). In the ASF-free Commonwealth of Australia, a 3 km “restricted area” will be established and the responsible authorities have flexibility regarding the control area which usually measures 10 km (9). China sets a 3 km radius in “infected areas” whereas the “threatened area” of 10 km will be extended to 50 km in areas of known wild boar activity. In all cases, a full epidemiological assessment must be conducted in order to estimate the extent of the outbreak (11).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
286,350 |
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides, consisting of a macrocyclic ring of glucose subunits linked by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds (Loftsson and Brewster, 1996; Dass and Jessup, 2000; Abdel-Shafy and Mansour, 2016). CDs have a unique structure with a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior. Due to its unique structure, the cavity of the CD can encapsulate other molecules or ions by the inclusion performance, which can solubilize poor water-soluble substances (Eastburn and Tao, 1994). Meanwhile, CDs are also environmentally friendly (almost no secondary pollution) and have a low soil adsorption rate. Besides, water solubility can be improved by the derivatization of native CDs. Because of these advantages, CDs and their derivatives have a good application prospect in the field of soil remediation (Loftsson and Masson, 2001; Jessel et al., 2006; Crini, 2014).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
371,720 |
NLRP3-shRNA and PYCARD-shRNA effectively decreased the expression of NLRP3 and PYCARD, and inhibited the activation of CASP1 induced by ROS in NPCs (Figure 5A–5D). Fluorescence staining test showed that both NLRP3-shRNA and PYCARD-shRNA could reduce the proportion of PI positive NPCs treated with hydrogen peroxide (Figure 5E).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
16,150 |
Total MMP and TIMP secretion in cell culture supernatants was measured by ELISA (R&D Systems, Abdingdon, UK) or on the Luminex200 platform using MMP Luminex multiplex array (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The minimum level of detection for MMP-1 was 10 pg/mL.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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