text
stringlengths 263
344k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 23
values | url
stringlengths 16
862
| file_path
stringlengths 125
155
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 57
81.9k
| score
float64 2.52
4.78
| int_score
int64 3
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
According to the most recent research, here are helpful articulation norms. To understand these norms, read that 90% of children the age listed have acquired the sounds on that line and below:
Age 6: th (voiceless)
Age 5: r, zh, th (voiced)
Age 4: l, j, ch, s, v, sh, z
p, b, m, d, n, h, t, k, g, w, ng, f, y (McLeod & Crowe, 2018)
Looking at charts like this is all well and good but what does this mean for your child? Isn’t it cute when preschoolers mispronounce certain words?? The short answer is that while it can be secretly adorable at times, difficulty acquiring new sounds can snowball into much bigger problems.
Untreated articulation disorders can cause difficulties down the road with reading and writing. Articulation disorders can also occur alongside phonological awareness disorders. Phonological awareness disorders involve children not being able to correctly hear and identify sounds, especially those they mispronounce. This can cause major issues with writing and spelling.
In addition to academic concerns, research has shown that difficulties with articulation can cause a lack of self-esteem and trouble with oral presentations and interactions with others.
Many children are blissfully ignorant of their speech struggles but others are painfully aware. Whether or not a child is upset by their speech should not decide qualification for therapy. Early intervention is always better. Incorrect speech patterns can become habitual and difficult to unlearn.
If your child has not met these norms, you cannot understand them, or if they are frustrated because they are often misunderstood, please contact a professional speech-language pathologist as soon as you are able! There are many options for treatment as well as financial assistance for families who may not be able to afford therapy. Either you will find out your child’s speech is progressing appropriately OR you will find out intervention is needed and your child can start on a path to better clarity. That sounds like a win-win to me! Use the contact form on my website to ask questions!
|
<urn:uuid:fd067808-afd8-4e3d-9844-9022448f3b86>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.bloomspeechandlanguage.com/2019/09/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510284.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927071345-20230927101345-00476.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964023 | 449 | 3.828125 | 4 |
Atrial fibrillation, or AFib, is a heart condition causing an irregular rhythm. There are two different types of atrial fibrillation: valvular and nonvalvular.
Prior to treating you for atrial fibrillation, your doctor will consider the type you have, as the course of treatment varies. Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation is characterised by a patient who has either a prosthetic heart valve, or a heart valve disorder, but their atrial fibrillation is caused by something else, such as stress or high blood pressure.
Between 4 and 30 percent of those with atrial fibrillation are believed to have valvular atrial fibrillation, however there is disagreement over the exact definition of the valvular form. This extremely wide range in estimates is a result of the inability to agree on a clear distinction between which causes of atrial fibrillation should be considered valvular.
It's possible to experience no symptoms of atrial fibrillation. The condition can go undiagnosed for years, only being discovered during a physical examination, or in the event you require an electrocardiogram (EKG).
That being said, atrial fibrillation can present many symptoms.
It's possible that your condition may be intermittent, with you experiencing phases as you go in and out of atrial fibrillation. This is called paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. If your atrial fibrillation lasts for longer than a 12 month period it is considered to be persistent atrial fibrillation.
While there is not yet a standard and widely accepted definition for valvular atrial fibrillation, there are some causes that are generally accepted.
Mitral valve stenosis occurs when your mitral valve isn't as wide as it should be. When your mitral valve (the valve connecting your heart's left atrium and left ventricle) is too narrow, your blood flow to your left ventricle is irregular, causing your heart to beat irregularly.
The most frequent cause of mitral valve stenosis is rheumatic fever, a condition that is no longer common among the population of the United States, though it does still occur elsewhere in the world, especially throughout developing countries.
Another common cause of valvular atrial fibrillation is the use of artificial heart valves. These are used as replacements when your natural heart valves are diseased, damaged, or scarred.
The valve is comprised of a mechanical heart valve along with valve tissue from both a human and animal donor.
If you are not experiencing symptoms of atrial fibrillation your doctor could still discover the condition during the course of examining you for other reasons.
If a doctor suspects you have atrial fibrillation, they will physically examine you, and consider your medical and family history, before carrying out further tests. These will include an EKG, as well as an echocardiogram, chest X-ray, stress echocardiography, and blood tests.
There are several treatments your doctor may choose to use to control the rhythm and rate of your heartbeat, and prevent the formation of blood clots.
Anticoagulation medication is helpful in reducing the possibility of blood clots. If you have had an artificial heart valve fitted, anticoagulant medication will be vital to ensuring clots don't form on the flaps of your artificial valve.
Common forms of anticoagulants include vitamin K antagonists, like Coumadin (warfarin), which block the use of vitamin K throughout your body. Vitamin K is required to form a blood clot.
There are new alternative anticoagulants, like Xarelto (rivaroxaban) and Pradaxa (dabigatran), however, these aren't suitable for patients with valvular atrial fibrillation, particularly if they have a mechanical heart valve.
It's possible to reset a patient's heart rhythm using a procedure called cardioversion, which delivers an electric shock directly to your heart, effectively resetting the electrical activity within.
Medications like Tikosyn (dofetilide), Rythmol (propafenone), and Betapace (sotalol) can also be used to maintain the rhythm of your heart. Beyond medication, there are more invasive treatments, like the use of a catheter ablation, which can successfully restore your heart’s rhythm.
Your doctor will look at your overall health before recommending ablation and will usually begin by using anticoagulants in the first instance.
If you have an artificial heart valve or mitral valve stenosis you are at a higher risk for blood clots. Atrial fibrillation makes the risk of blood clotting even higher, and those with valvular atrial fibrillation are at an even higher risk of blood clots than those with nonvalvular heart disease.
It's important to properly manage the condition using anticoagulants, as well as interventions that will control your heart rate, as this will help reduce the risk of clots, stroke, and heart attack.
|
<urn:uuid:23f6a5f3-7ead-4c33-bb1f-ff85d0f9eb95>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
https://healthery.com/valvular-atrial-fibrillation/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805362.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119042717-20171119062717-00460.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937831 | 1,072 | 3.765625 | 4 |
NGC, NASA Renew Earth Science Partnership
Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE:NOC) and NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center extended the NASA Space Act Agreement and will continue sharing Northrop Grumman-produced Global Hawk unmanned aircraft for science missions and flight demonstrations, including hurricane surveillance, atmospheric research and exploration of new mission capabilities.
"In the last five years, the Global Hawk has flown over the eye of hurricanes, examined the effects of greenhouse gasses and conducted cutting-edge autonomous aerial refueling trials," said George Guerra, vice president of the Global Hawk program for Northrop Grumman's Aerospace Systems sector. "We are thrilled to continue our partnership with NASA and look forward to more scientific and technological breakthroughs in the next five years."
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Defense and Security: Technology & Markets Forecast 2013-2021
The agreement will continue until April 30, 2018, and allows for joint use and shared cost of the NASA Global Hawks. The initial Space Act Agreement, signed April 30, 2008, returned two preproduction Global Hawk aircraft to flight status. Under the partnership, a permanent ground control station was built at Dryden Flight Research Center, which is based at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif.
The high-altitude, long-endurance capabilities of the Global Hawk are uniquely suited to scientific research. Scientists from NASA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and universities have capitalized on the range and dwell time of the Global Hawk.
"The Global Hawk is an invaluable asset and has changed the way we collect data and conduct Earth-science missions," said Chris Naftel, NASA Dryden Global Hawk project manager.
Access to wide areas and remote locations of the world has allowed Global Hawk to collect data for a variety of science research missions, including:
- January 2013: Global Hawk started collecting atmospheric data in support of the Airborne Tropical TRopopause Experiment (ATTREX) campaign. Scientists use the data to study how the composition of the atmosphere affects Earth's climate.
- Fall 2012: Supported environmental scientists during Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) missions. The HS3 missions studied hurricane formation and intensity change in the Atlantic Ocean. This was the first joint NASA-Northrop Grumman deployment from the Dryden Flight Research Center.
- Spring 2011: Flew winter storm missions over the Pacific and Arctic, observing, among other weather phenomena, an "atmospheric river" that sometimes causes flooding on the West Coast.
- Fall 2011: Supported ATTREX missions over the Pacific by climbing and descending between 45,000 feet and 65,000 feet, gathering information on climate change due to water vapor and other aerosols.
- September 2010: Supported the Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes hurricane surveillance missions that provided extended monitoring of changes in hurricane intensity during five storms in the southern Caribbean and western Atlantic.
- April 2010: Completed the first science research campaign called GloPac, studying the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean and Arctic.
The Global Hawk is a fully autonomous, high-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aircraft system that can fly up to 65,000 feet for 30 hours at a time. Its endurance and range allow for nonstop flights from NASA Dryden in Southern California to the North Pole and remaining for up to seven hours over the polar region before returning to Dryden.
Source : Northrop Grumman Corporation (NYSE:NOC)
Mar 11 - 12, 2014 - Washington, United States
|
<urn:uuid:1ff9fe56-c9f0-45dd-bb8a-135e2fda4d79>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://www.asdnews.com/news-49324/NGC,_NASA_Renew_Earth_Science_Partnership.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010628283/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091028-00074-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.900914 | 719 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Here is how to encode a message. Insert a dot in front of any line that already starts with a dot. Concatenate all the lines, with \015\012 between each pair of lines; the result ends with \015\012 (unless the original message had no lines), since the final line is empty. Append a dot followed by \015\012.
This encoding is self-delimiting. An encoded message ends with the five-byte sequence "\015\012.\015\012", and does not contain the same sequence anywhere else. (Exception: the three-byte sequence ".\015\012" is an encoded message, representing a zero-line message.)
For example, the string "This is a test.\015\012.... Three dots\015\012.\015\012" is an encoded message. It represents the three-line text message
This is a test. ... Three dotswhich under Windows would be stored as the string "This is a test.\015\012... Three dots\015\012". Notice that the encoded message starts with four dots on the second line.
RFC 1123 says that ``mailer software MUST be able to send and receive messages of at least 64K bytes in length (including header), and a much larger maximum size is highly desirable.''
|
<urn:uuid:44dbf655-6fe9-46a0-943b-519fb8595757>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://cr.yp.to/smtp/message.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010638293/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091038-00008-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.888909 | 275 | 3.453125 | 3 |
I get called or e-mailed once in awhile because someone has the problem of hummingbirds getting trapped in their garage. It happened to me a couple of times before I figured it out. If you have an electronic garage door opener, it has a safety pull which you can pull in case of a power failure or emergency so you can open the door. Invariably, the handle on the safety pull is red and it hangs in the air in the middle of the garage, tempting hummingbird passer-by. Solution? Spray the handle black.
Why are hummers attracted to red? Well, over millions of years, flowers that need to be cross-pollinated have developed adaptations to attract insects or birds or even. The pollinators come for the food, mainly nectar, and pick up pollen in the process. The next flower they visit gets some of that pollen and leaves its own on the pollinator. The birds and insects get food and the flowers get pollinated. So evolution has created a variety of flower forms to attract pollinators and in the case of hummingbirds it is often tube-or trumped- shaped red flowers. The shape is to facilitate feeding by hummers and the red, orange, or bright pink color is their signal to the birds. Insect-pollinated flowers have a variety of shapes and colors and more pollen to attract bugs and insects cannot see reddish flowers as well as they can see other colors, lessening competition for the hummers.
So do you have to put out red hummingbird feeders or red nectar or tie red ribbons around your hummingbird feeder? No, the birds will find it anyway because they move around and explore quite quickly, but a red signal will help them find it.
You can use commercial hummingbird nectar or make it yourself with table sugar. Most recipes call for 4:1 water to sugar but I prefer 5:1 as too high a concentration of sugar can cause crystallization of sugar on their bill and cause bill rot from a bacterial infestation. You can add red dye if you wish. There is NO EVIDENCE that red dye causes any harm to the birds, contrary to popular myth. One website admits there is no evidence but still warns against it!
I don’t use hummingbird feeders because they are a pain to maintain – fill, clean, refill, clean, refill, etc. Hummer feeders set up a competitive territorial situation that is stressful for the birds and attracts predators. I much prefer to plant hummingbird flowers, and there are lots of possibilities such as zinnias, lobelias, fuchias, petunias, sweet pea, salvias, nasturtium, lobelia, digitalis and asclepias.
Ever hear the myth that hummingbirds don’t have feet? People believed it for a long time and the taxonomic order of hummingbirds is Apodiformes, apod meaning “without feet.” They do have feet, of course, used only for perching. And recent reclassification puts them in the Superorder Apodimorphae, if you care to know.
And why do hummingbirds hum? They don’t know the words.
|
<urn:uuid:c96f0d47-4a92-48fe-bff6-72775588b12d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
https://ornithology.com/hummingbird-red/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824357.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020211313-20171020231313-00639.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941353 | 665 | 2.734375 | 3 |
One of the most well developed methods of becoming energy efficient is through the use of renewable energies such as outdoor solar lights. In fact solar power is the best developed and most broadly applied of the modern energy technologies and almost anyone can use it to reduce their traditional energy consumption.
How? It is actually quite simple to recognize the ways in which the sun’s energy can be put to use in even the most basic methods. For example, during the hot summer months a home owner or apartment dweller could close all window blinds, curtains or shades to reduce their need for air conditioning or home cooling. (Imagine a summer without warnings about “rolling blackouts” because everyone has to keep their air conditioner turned to its highest settings simply because they allowed the sun to pound into the room all day long.) Alternately during the winter months they could easily rely on the sun’s warmth to heat up a room during the earlier hours of the day and then close the blinds before dusk in order to capture the remaining heat.
Those who have the financial means can use solar energy in a significantly wider number of ways, and not just to heat their domestic hot water or supply their homes with some energy. While such functions are ideally where all home owners should be headed, currently the materials and equipment required to convert a home’s energy supply entirely to a solar powered system are not within everyone’s budget or ability. Home owners can however employ a wide number of solar powered LED lights and appliances (including radios, ovens and attic fans) as an effective approach towards energy efficiency.
Finally, solar power has finally reached the automobile industry and several major manufacturers have promised consumers that they will make cars with rooftop solar panels available by the year 2010. While such vehicles may not be fully powered through solar energy it is clearly a step towards a healthier planet.
# # #
First and foremost, YCA is a family business. We value honesty and integrity above all, and our reputation means everything to us. We are a retailer of solar lighting fixtures for both homes and businesses. Please visit: http://www.ycasolarlightstore.com
|
<urn:uuid:2cfd2a80-b0bb-4ddb-a778-b02d6fe0dbc4>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.prlog.org/10171090-the-importance-of-solar-energy-to-our-everyday-lives.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164561235/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134241-00056-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964489 | 438 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Last updated on December 5th, 2016 at 07:51 am
The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series (GOES-R), the first in a series of four advanced satellites, was successfully launched from Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at 2342 GMT atop an unmanned United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket.
The NASA and NOAA collaboration is being managed by the NOAA team with an integrated NOAA-NASA program office organization. The satellite is designed and programmed to relay timely and accurate weather forecasts for the North American Continent, set to benefit forecasters by beaming pictures “like they’ve never seen before.”
According to NOAA program director Greg Mandt, and in the process save lives, benefit airlines, weather forecasters and rocket launch teams. It is expected to inform accurately and well in time, weather forecasts and warnings of natural disasters including thunderstorms, tornadoes, fog, flash floods and other harsh weather conditions.
“Without a doubt, GOES-R will revolutionize weather forecasting as we know it,” Stephen Volz, assistant administrator for NOAA’s Satellite and Information Services division, said during a pre-launch news conference on Thursday.
Dozens of TV meteorologists had assembled at the launch site; Al Roker, host and weatherman on NBC’s “Today” show, in an interview with NASA TV had this to say, “What’s so exciting is that we’re going to be getting more data, more often, much more detailed, (in) higher resolution.”
“It gives us the opportunity to be able to give that information much more quickly to our viewers. And the more lead time there is, the better it is for people.” He went on to add. According to the GOES-R official website the instrument suites of the weather, satellite includes:
ADVANCED BASELINE IMAGER
The Advanced Baseline Imager is the primary instrument on GOES-R for imaging Earth’s weather, oceans, and the environment. ABI will view the Earth with 16 different spectral bands (compared to five on current GOES), including two visible channels, four near-infrared channels, and ten infrared channels.
EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET X-RAY IRRADIANCE SENSOR
The Extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Irradiance Sensors on the GOES-R series satellites are critical to understanding and monitoring solar irradiance in the upper atmosphere, that is, the power and effect of the sun’s electromagnetic radiation per unit of area.
GEOSTATIONARY LIGHTNING MAPPER
The Geostationary Lightning Mapper is a single-channel, near-infrared optical transient detector that can detect the momentary changes in an optical scene, indicating the presence of lightning. GLM will measure total lightning (in-cloud, cloud-to-cloud and cloud-to-ground) activity continuously over the Americas and adjacent ocean regions with a near-uniform spatial resolution of approximately 10 km.
The GOES-R Magnetometer will provide measurements of the space environment magnetic field that controls charged particle dynamics in the outer region of the magnetosphere. These particles can be dangerous to spacecraft and human spaceflight.”
The satellite’s aim is for a 35,888-kilometre-high equatorial orbit, to join three out of date spacecraft, and will be referred to as GOES-16 once it does.
The satellite will not start doing the weather forecasting before a year at least. ; it’s scheduled to begin operations after a lengthy checkout and validation phase.
The second satellite in the series is supposed to be launched in 2018. The GOES series is expected to stretch till 2036.
|
<urn:uuid:64a215c5-114a-42f5-b3d2-da988724ea31>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
https://www.timelybuzz.com/state-of-the-art-weather-satellite-geos-r-launched/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413624.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531182830-20200531212830-00018.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.916609 | 794 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The skills and software tools available to mechanical design engineers and mechanical drafters, and as a result of 3D modeling CAD services and design in general have come a long way since their early days in the late 90’s and early 2000’s. 3D design software is very advanced and extremely efficient in creating drawings quickly and accurately. Designing in 3D versus 2D saves your project incredible amounts of time and possibly wasted money down the road by making sure all parts fit perfectly in a 3D virtual environment. 3D software can analyze the assembly and determine if there are any interference’s before making any physical parts. Once the interference’s are found, the 3D model file can be modified to eliminate interference and a clean functioning design will be manufactured. Before 3D CAD software existed it was very common for a designer to overlook interference and discrepancies especially in a complicated design prior to manufacturing. With 3D CAD software, this is no longer possible.
3D CAD software also does very accurate FEA/FMA analysis. FEA (finite element analysis) is the process of determining a part’s strength. Do it’s dimensions need to be bigger or smaller for the intended design purpose? You can easily determine this with FEA by inputting the expected forces, materials properties and many other variables and save materials, manufacturing time and project cost by making very efficient parts!
Some popular 3D CAD software products we use include; Solidworks, Autodesk Inventor, Catia,Unigraphics NX, Pro-E Wildfire, SolidEdge, AutoCAD and Microstation. Basically each software package offer the same features. They all have similar functionalities but each software is better at doing different things, however, most of the parts J – CAD Inc. creates are done in Solidworks, Inventor or Catia.
Reverse engineering a design
Beyond designing a product from scratch based on your ideas, concepts and sketches, JCAD also has the capacity to reverse engineer products that are already in existence. This allows you to see how products work, and to create variations or improvements to take the industry to a whole new standard of innovation.
What industries do we work with?
JCAD works with a wide range of industries and clients from around the globe in sectors such as industrial design, injection molding, product design, engineering firms, automotive industry, aerospace industry, prototype design, patent drawings.
|
<urn:uuid:21345a20-5721-4308-a3fd-3acf693242e8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
http://jcadusa.com/services/computer-aided-product-design-drafting-and-engineering/mechanical-drawings-and-reverse-engineering/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806086.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120164823-20171120184823-00317.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932531 | 501 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Gems of Science
There are amazing
possibilities of doing creative
science experiments using simple,
readily available stuff. This book,
contains many such activities - how to make
a simple Spectroscope using an old CD,
how to understand pressure using
throwaway plastic bottles and to make simple
electric Motors and understand their function.
These activities apart from being fun will also
help school children in understanding
various science concepts in
much greater depth.
|
<urn:uuid:cff0e7ca-d69a-473a-a826-c35d02c407e9>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://manovikasprakashan.com/Gems-of-Science
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510575.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930014147-20230930044147-00105.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.885654 | 100 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Biological Flora of the British Isles: Primula elatior (L.) Hill
Taylor, Kenneth; Woodell, Stanley R.J.. 2008 Biological Flora of the British Isles: Primula elatior (L.) Hill. Journal of Ecology, 96 (5). 1098-1116. 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01418.xFull text not available from this repository.
# This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Primula elatior that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, and conservation. # 2. Primula elatior is a native perennial herb, within a compact area in the British Isles, in ancient woods and copses on the chalky boulder clay in East Anglia, where it is abundant locally although scarce nationally. British material is ssp. elatior, which extends across much of Europe, becoming rarer towards the south. # 3. Primula elatior is a shade tolerant species, but only flowers in profusion in the increased light levels following tree felling in traditionally coppiced woods. It is confined to an area of the British Isles where the soils are seasonally waterlogged and ill-aerated, and is very tolerant of the toxic levels of ferrous iron which accumulate in the surface horizons in the spring months. It has a poorly developed drought tolerance. # 4. An early flowering plant, P. elatior is an insect-pollinated obligate outbreeder, with two self-incompatible morphs (pin and thrum). The low colonizing ability of this ancient woodland species can be attributed to both seed dispersal and seedling recruitment limitation. # 5. There has been a steady reduction in the density of P. elatior in woodland sites during the past centuries. However, there has been little change in the 10-km distribution in the British Isles. Studies of populations involve three groups of factors: genetic variation, environmental changes and population structure. Potentially these factors have a greater effect on small and isolated populations than on large and integrated ones. There is no evidence that the species suffers from a loss of genetic diversity in the smaller populations. Primula elatior seems to have a relatively high level of genetic diversity that is maintained despite a fragmented distribution. # 6. Within its restricted distribution area P. elatior replaces P. vulgaris completely. At the margins of their distributions the two species occur together in a number of woodland sites, providing the opportunity for hybridization. As they are highly interfertile, hybridization is restricted mainly by differences in their habitat preferences. The hybrid P. vulgaris × P. elatior = P. × digenea is fertile and gives rise to hybrid swarms which are found in all British sites where both parents occur together. # 7. Changes in climate, woodland management practices and intensities of deer grazing, especially by Fallow deer (Dama dama), are likely to have a major effect on populations of P. elatior. Since the species colonizes new or secondary woodlands very slowly, management should focus on the conservation of ancient semi-natural woodlands.
|Programmes:||CEH Programmes pre-2009 publications > Other|
|Additional Keywords:||conservation, ecophysiology, genetic variation, germination, herbivory, restricted distribution, reproductive biology, soils, woodland communities|
|NORA Subject Terms:||Botany
Ecology and Environment
|Date made live:||20 Aug 2008 13:22|
Actions (login required)
|
<urn:uuid:64969ea1-6a9f-4d58-b0ee-a17ce9c897db>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/3859/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383081/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00064-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.895504 | 795 | 3.296875 | 3 |
"Encyclopedia Dubuque is the online authority for all things Dubuque, written by the people who know the city best.”
Marshall Cohen—researcher and producer, CNN
Affiliated with the Local History Network of the State Historical Society of Iowa, and the Iowa Museum Association.
MARTIN, Robert L.
MARTIN, Robert L. (Dubuque, IA, 1919-- ). Tuskegee Airman. Facing challenges was not new to Martin who grew up in Dubuque as one of the city's few African Americans. Wanting to be a Boy Scout posed a problem because some parents threatened to remove their boys from the program if the troop admitted a black. Martin continued with the program on his own, participating as a Lone Scout.
Martin, a 1936 graduate of DUBUQUE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL, earned his pilot's license as a student at Iowa State University and took his first solo flight in a Luscomb trainer. In 1942 he was accepted into the Army's black pilot training program in Tuskegee, Alabama. He trained in the AT-6 Texan and the P-40 War Hawk.
Segregation continued to play an important life in the life of African Americans in the pilot program. They had their own classes, flew on different airstrips and ate meals in separate dining halls from the white pilots. The Army even had a War College study that suggested blacks did not have the basic capabilities to pilot warplanes.
Martin arrive in Italy in June 1944 and joined the 100th fighter squadron, art of the all-black 332nd fighter group. Their job was to keep German BF-109 Messerschmitts and other fighters from attacking American B-17 Flying Fortresses and B-24 Liberator bombers. Black pilots, an estimated 450 of the 1,000 from the Tuskegee program flew 15,533 individual combat missions in WORLD WAR II. They were known to American forces as the "Red Tailed Angels" because of the identifying red paint on their planes' tail section. The "Tuskegee Airmen" earned the respect of their peers and the military leaders. In 1947 the Air Force became a separate service and segregation of the pilots was ended in 1949.
Lt. Martin, had 63 ½ missions to his credit. On March 3, 1945, he was shot down by ground fire over the Zagreb aerodrome (Yugoslavia) and parachuted from the burning airplane. He was rescued by Yugoslav partisans and was not captured by the Germans. He spent five weeks in Yugoslavia and then returned to Italy by truck and plane.
Martin's decorations include the DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS, Purple Heart and Air Medal with 6 Oak Leaf Clusters. In 2007 he received the Congressional Gold Medal for his service and was inducted into the Iowa Aviation Hall of Fame. He has also been a part of the Tuskegee Airmen, Inc. who travel the country as historians and educators.
Information provided by Richard G. Bridges.
|
<urn:uuid:b9f3375a-e038-4336-9f17-a2487b96d473>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.encyclopediadubuque.org/index.php?title=MARTIN,_Robert_L.&oldid=17363
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506399.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922102329-20230922132329-00355.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.974553 | 637 | 3.375 | 3 |
For those that don’t know, Almonds grow on a tree. We start all of our orchards from high quality trees supplied from a local nursery. Almond trees become nut bearing and are ready for harvest after their third season of growing and can produce for over 30 years, if farmed with care.
The season starts in February with the almond tree coming out of dormancy, where the orchard transforms from leafless rows of bare trees to an orchard covered in white and pink flowers. Honey bees are contracted through a bee keeper to pollinate all these flowers and hives are spread throughout the orchard to help set an almond crop.
After bloom, the nuts and leaves begin to grow and become full size through the spring months. During the warm early summer months, the nut becomes fully developed and the outer hull, a green fibrous layer that grows on the outside of the almond and shell, will split away from the shell and almond meat. This is the signal that our harvest season is ready to begin.
Harvest is composed of 3 main mechanical steps that help to bring the nuts from the tree to the processing plant. It starts with mechanically shaking the tree to release the nuts, where they fall to the orchard floor and begin to dry.
Next, the nuts are then swept into windrows by a mechanical sweeper. Last, the almonds are picked up with a mechanical device known as a harvester or pick up machine.
Nuts are conveyed to almond carts and delivered to a field elevator that fills industrial sized trailers that deliver our crop to a local huller/ sheller and onto a local processing facility. The entire harvest process usually takes about 8 weeks to complete and is very time intense.
After harvest, the orchards are pruned and given an application of compost fertilizer and the cold winter months help put the trees back into dormancy. It is here where the trees conserve energy and await next season’s bloom, where the cycle plays out again.
|
<urn:uuid:c48b49fe-f4be-452a-926e-0c2f49c4d384>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://www.sperryfarmsalmonds.com/almond-farming-101/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250594603.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119122744-20200119150744-00215.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953042 | 409 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Sermons (Meister Eckhart)
Meister Eckhart, who has been called the “Father of German thought”, was a Dominican monk, and one of the most profound thinkers of the Middle Ages. He was born about 1260 A.D. in Thuringia, and purportedly died at Cologne 1327 A.D. although his burial site has never been discovered. In 1295 he was Prior of the Dominicans at Erfurt and Vicar-General of Thuringia. In 1300 he was sent to the University of Paris, where he studied Aristotle and the Platonists, and took the degree of Master of Arts. It is possible also that he taught at Paris. He already had a wide reputation as a philosopher, and was summoned to Rome in 1302 to assist Pope Boniface VIII. in his struggle against Philip the Fair. In 1304 he became Provincial of his order for Saxony, and in 1307 Vicar-General of Bohemia. In 1311 he was sent again to act as professor of theology in the school of Dominicans in Paris, and afterwards in Strassbourg. Everywhere his teaching and preaching left a deep mark. At Strassbourg he aroused suspicions and created enemies; his doctrine was accused of resembling that of the heretical sects of the “Beghards” and “Brothers of the Holy Spirit”. The Superior-General of the Franciscan Order had his writings submitted to a close examination by the Priors of Worms and Mayence. The history of this episode is very obscure. It appears that Eckhart was cited before the tribunal of the Inquisition at Cologne, and that he professed himself willing to withdraw anything that his writings might contain contrary to the teaching of the Church. The matter was referred to the Pope, who, in 1329, condemned certain propositions extracted from the writings of Eckhart two years after his disappearance.
The importance of Eckhart in the history of scholastic philosophy is considerable. At that period all the efforts of religious philosophy were directed to widen theology, and to effect a reconciliation between reason and faith. The fundamental idea of Eckhart’s philosophy is that of the Absolute or Abstract Unity conceived as the sole real existence. His God is the θεο αγνωστο [Theo Agnosto (Unknown God)] of the neoplatonists: He is absolutely devoid of attributes which would be a limitation of His Infinity. God is incomprehensible; in fact, with regard to our limited intelligence, God is the origin and final end of every being. How then, it may be asked, can God be a Person? The answer is, that by the eternal generation of the Son the Father becomes conscious of Himself, and the Love reflected back to the Father by the Son is the Holy Spirit. Together with the Son, God also begets the ideal forms of created things. The Absolute is thus the common background of God and the Universe. Like as the Son does, so everything born of God tends to return to Him, and to lose itself in the unity of His Being.
This theology is really Pantheism. Of the Absolute we have no cognizance but only of phenomena, but by the resolute endeavour to abstract ourselves from time and space, we can, according to Eckhart, at rare moments, attain to the Absolute by virtue of what he calls “the spark” (Funkelein) of the soul, which comes directly from God. This is really the Divine in man; to know God is to be one with the abstract Divine reality. This is the final end of all our activity, and the means of attaining thereto is complete quietism of the sensory self. Eckhart did not shrink from expressing his doctrines out to their practical and logical conclusion, for which he was severly criticised. After he was accused of heresy by the Inquisition his followers (particularly Suso, Tauler and the lay group The Friends of God) were more circumspect and careful in public. On account of his insistence on the immediacy of man’s approach to God, apart from Church institutions, he may be justly regarded as a fore-runner of the Reformation. He is believed to have been the author of the anonymous treatise, Theologia Germanica, which was a favorite of Martin Luther.
Note.—The best account of Eckhart in English is probably to be found in Vaughan’s “Hours with the Mystics”, vol. i.
- I. The Attractive Power of God John 6:44-No one can come unto Me, except the Father which hath sent Me draw him
- II. The Nearness of the Kingdom Luke 21:31.—Know that the Kingdom of God is near.
- III. The Angel’s Greeting Luke 1:28—Hail, thou that art highly favoured among women, the Lord is with thee.
- IV. True Hearing Ecclesiasticus 24:30—Whoso heareth Me shall not be confounded.
- V. The Self-Communication of God John 14:23—If a man love me, he will keep my words: and My Father will love him, and we will come unto him, and make our abode with him.
- VI. Sanctification Luke 10:42—One thing is needful.
- VII. Outward and Inward Morality 1 Corinthians 15:10—The grace of God.
|
<urn:uuid:520ce8e8-35d2-4f85-87a8-3bbe8e7487ed>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sermons_(Meister_Eckhart)
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687484.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20170920213425-20170920233425-00539.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972097 | 1,132 | 3.171875 | 3 |
NASA spacecraft detected the family of sunspots, dark spots that freckle the face
NASA spacecraft detected the family of sunspots, dark spots that freckle the face of the sun On May 29, 2020, outlining regions of complex magnetic fields, sported the biggest solar flare detected ever since October 2017. The flashes were too low to reach the threshold at which NOAAs Space Weather Prediction Center provides signals. However, after observing the activity of sunspots for several months, scientists and space weather forecasters are keeping their eye on this new cluster to see whether they develop or quickly fade. Researchers believe these sunspots will be signs of the suns solar cycle ramping up and becoming more powerful.
Disclaimer: The above article has been aggregated by a computer program and summarised by a Steamdaily specialist. You can read the original article at sciencedaily
|
<urn:uuid:20c7fc2b-13de-4515-88cc-240311efbb2a>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://theindiasaga.com/story/nasa-spacecraft-detected-the-family-of-sunspots-dark-spots-that-freckle-the-face
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00666.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947983 | 179 | 3.375 | 3 |
"A balanced approach to life and learning for Latter-day Saint Home Educators."
In the past we have tried many resources for spelling: Building Spelling Skills, The Grammar of Spelling, Natural Speller, & LLATL. While there are good aspects to each of them, they were not satisfying our family's needs.
Our current favourite resources for spelling are: McGuffey's Eclectic Spelling Book, The Elementary Spelling Book by Noah Webster, The Reading Teacher's Book of Lists, Dr. Fry's Spelling Book, Spelling Workout and Spelling Power.
We start spelling instruction beginning at Kindergarten Age 5. I have created my own spelling lists for the Kindergarten year using the McGuffey's Eclectic Spelling Book and The Elementary Spelling Book by Noah Webster. In Grade 1 we use the first hundred Instant Words and the 100 Picture Nouns as our spelling curriculum. These words are found in both The Reading Teacher's Book of Lists and Dr. Fry's Spelling Book. Then from Grade 2 and up we are using Spelling Power as our main resource with the other resources as supplements. Alternatively, depending on the child, we may choose to use Spelling Workout.
Kindergarten Age 5
Spelling at this level is really an extension of learning to read. I have created lists of very basic words that emphasize the five short vowel sounds. There is no need to pre-test the words at this level. Five words are introduced each week and then one word each day is practiced. Suggestions for practicing the words are included after the spelling lists. During the 8th week of each term we do some informal testing on 20 of the previously learned words.
Primary Grade 1
At this level I feel it is important to help my children gain a useful beginning reading and writing vocabulary. The first hundred instant words (which make up about half of all written work) combined with 100 picture nouns help to accomplish this goal. I have referred to both The Reading Teacher's Book of Lists and Dr. Fry's Spelling Book to create my spelling lists for this grade level. Five words are introduced each week and all 5 are practiced daily. There is no pre-testing at this level but we do test at the end of each week.
Primary Grade 2 and up
Starting in Grade 2 we begin to use Spelling Power. This is a very comprehensive spelling program and can be used all the way into high school. I appreciate how the program covers at least 5000 of the most frequently used words in the English language. If my children can learn to correctly spell all these words they will rarely have mistakes in their written work. What words they don't know can easily be looked up in a dictionary.
There is pre-testing in this program and then only the misspelled words need be practiced. We use this program 4 days a week. Testing and then word study(of up to 5 misspelled words) happens on Monday and Wednesday, on Tuesday and Thursday the children choose activities (suggestions are found in the Spelling Power manual) to practice their words. This is a little different than the weekly approach suggested by the manual, but it works for us currently.
For more information: Spelling Power
© 2001 - 2005 Truelight Academy. All rights reserved.
|
<urn:uuid:a318c0f6-8f39-4c23-8377-e72653c4f0d3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://truelightacademy.com/spelling.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320395.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625032210-20170625052210-00168.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942174 | 680 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Here is your weekly reminder of Psalm 19 — Jupiter and Io.
Last week, we were reminded of God’s handiwork with little Pluto, as imaged by the New Horizons spacecraft. New Horizons was launched in January 2006, and a little more than a year later it made a flyby of Jupiter, using the giant planet’s gravity to gain speed and shorten its journey to Pluto by three years. NASA made the most of that flyby to take images of Jupiter and its moons with unprecedented detail. The above image is a composite of Jupiter in infrared and its moon, Io, in true color. The blue and red in Jupiter’s atmosphere show high- and low-altitude clouds, respectively. The blueish flare on the night side of Io shows scattered sunlight off of a volcanic plume.
Image of Jupiter and Io, credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/Goddard Space Flight Center.
|
<urn:uuid:a3e55ee5-f501-4415-babd-8e3d683532ea>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://sixdayscience.com/2015/07/20/weekly-psalm-19-jupiter-and-io/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371660550.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20200406200320-20200406230820-00052.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943598 | 200 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Cassava and Reduced Nutrient Intake
August 26/St. Louis/Science Letter -- Data detailed in "Children Consuming Cassava as a Staple Food are at Risk for Inadequate Zinc, Iron, and Vitamin A Intake" have been presented. According to recent research from the U.S., "Cassava contains little zinc, iron and beta-carotene, yet it is the primary staple crop of over 250 million Africans. This study used a 24-hour dietary recall to test the hypothesis that among healthy children aged 2-5 years in Nigeria and Kenya, cassava's contribution to the childrens' daily diets is inversely related to intakes of zinc, iron and vitamin A."
"Dietary and demographic data and anthropometric measurements were collected from 449 Kenyan and 793 Nigerian children. Among Kenyan children, 89% derived at least 25% of their dietary energy from cassava, while among the Nigerian children, 31% derived at least 25% of energy from cassava. Spearman's correlation coefficient between the fraction of dietary energy obtained from cassava and vitamin A intake was r=-0.15, p<0.0001, zinc intake was r=-0.11, p<0.0001 and iron intake was r=-0.36, p<0.0001. In Kenya, 59% of children consumed adequate vitamin A, 22% iron, and 31% zinc. In Nigeria, 17% of children had adequate intake of vitamin A, 57% iron, and 41% zinc," wrote A. Gegios and colleagues, Washington University, Department of Pediatrics.
The researchers concluded, "Consumption of cassava is a risk factor for inadequate vitamin A, zinc and/or iron intake."
Gegios and colleagues published their study in Plant Foods for Human Nutrition ("Children Consuming Cassava as a Staple Food are at Risk for Inadequate Zinc, Iron, and Vitamin A Intake" Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2010;65(1):64-70).
For additional information, contact A. Gegios, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Dept. of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
From the September 7, 2010, Prepared Foods E-dition
|
<urn:uuid:95478c76-e186-43b8-ad51-5c701822346a>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://www.preparedfoods.com/articles/108893-cassava-and-reduced-nutrient-intake
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655899931.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709100539-20200709130539-00169.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939034 | 467 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Case B: A 14-year-old of high average ability
See Figure 8. The chart clearly demonstrates that this student is performing in the high average range in all fields, with standard scores between 103 and 115. It is immediately obvious that she does not have any literacy problems and does not need any exam concessions.
See Figure 9. This page shows her scores in more detail, and the typed passage demonstrates that she can correctly spell such words as special, veil, calms; words that many 14-year-olds find difficult.
There are no grounds for access arrangements in this case.
|
<urn:uuid:1d795c55-fdde-4226-b43b-61b1d22837fc>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://support.gl-education.com/knowledge-base/assessments/exact-support/illustrative-case-studies/case-b-a-14-year-old-of-high-average-ability/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679516047.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211174901-20231211204901-00064.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961671 | 121 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Human beings, who as soon as have been cavemen, used instruments or weapons made up of stones or bronze or iron to hunt, dig and lower something in the past. Science has introduced sophistication to human life. Based in 2003, Science News for College students is an award-winning online publication dedicated to providing age-acceptable, topical science news to learners, parents and educators. The formal sciences are important in the formation of hypotheses , theories , and legal guidelines , 60 each in discovering and describing how issues work (natural sciences) and the way people suppose and act (social sciences).
Most scientific journals cowl a single scientific subject and publish the research within that area; the analysis is generally expressed within the type of a scientific paper Science has turn out to be so pervasive in modern societies that it’s usually thought-about mandatory to communicate the achievements, information, and ambitions of scientists to a wider populace.
It’s similar to empirical sciences in that it involves an objective, cautious and systematic examine of an area of knowledge; it’s totally different due to its method of verifying its information, using a priori somewhat than empirical strategies. And even earlier than Athens back into the far reaches of time, individuals had been compelled southward in Europe and all northern areas of earth, at both poles really.
Social sciences still use the same methodologies as pure sciences. Advances in modern science are generally used to develop new expertise , but in addition look at limits to technological development. By responding to public misconceptions about science and evidence and engaging with the media, this energetic group of two,000+ researchers is altering the best way the public and the media view science and scientists.
6. If you’re having a hard time figuring out a subject to begin with, search for ‘science honest initiatives” online or head over the library. In different cases, experiments are incomplete because of lack of materials or time. For example, a science instructor would prepare an built-in science and language lesson by first examining the science requirements to find out the idea and talent to be learned, then deciding on studying goals, duties, and materials appropriate to the scholars as determined by assessments of pupil performance.
|
<urn:uuid:a098f894-6519-4444-a3e7-ca6e9da62b49>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
http://www.shanelgkennels.com/science-wholesome-lifestyles-world-warming.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655879738.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20200702174127-20200702204127-00355.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930259 | 448 | 2.890625 | 3 |
BBQ, sunshine and in some cases, fireworks are all a part of a traditional 4th of July celebration in the US. It’s such a fun summer holiday but if you’re setting off your own fireworks display this year, the Consumer Products Safety Commission has a few tips to make sure your holiday is as safe as possible!
- Never allow young children to play with or ignite fireworks.
- Avoid buying fireworks that are packaged in brown paper because this is often a sign that the fireworks were made for professional displays and that they could pose a danger to consumers.
- Always have an adult supervise fireworks activities. Some parents don’t realize that young children can suffer injuries from sparklers. Sparklers burn at temperatures of about 2,000 degrees, hot enough to melt some metals.
- Never place any part of your body directly over a fireworks device when lighting the fuse. Back up to a safe distance immediately after lighting fireworks.
- Never try to re-light or pick up fireworks that have not ignited fully.
- Never point or throw fireworks at another person.
- Keep a bucket of water or a garden hose handy in case of fire or other mishap.
- Make sure fireworks are legal in your area before buying or using them.
You can find these tips and others at http://www.cpsc.gov/info/fireworks/index.html.
We hope you have a safe and happy holiday!!!
Thanks to bayasaa for this beautiful photo!
|
<urn:uuid:8e15e309-2ca2-4e8d-9e45-0bf1ceeb320a>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://blog.gracobaby.com/2011/07/01/have-a-safe-and-happy-4th-of-july/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163050081/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131730-00028-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.93467 | 310 | 2.671875 | 3 |
5 Cancer Myths -- Busted!Cancer's scary enough without the overwhelming amount of information out there about its triggers and treatments. Read on to separate the fear from the facts.
The myth: Cell phone use causes cancer.
Gab all you want: Talking on your cell phone won't fill your brain with tumors, research confirms. "The radio waves emitted by cell phones are more akin to the electromagnetic waves that your television emits than to ionizing radiations such as X-rays. They are not known to cause cancer in animals or transform cells in culture," says John D. Boice Jr., scientific director of the International Epidemiology Institute, who conducted the largest long-term study about cell phone use and cancer. Ditto for the rates of brain tumors, which have not increased in the general population during the last 20 years, despite the massive proliferation of cell phones in that time.
The myth: Women with a family history of breast cancer can stop worrying if they test negative for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes.
If you have a family history of breast cancer and test negative for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic mutations, you still (unfortunately) face a high risk of developing breast cancer, according to a new study conducted by Steven A. Narod, M.D., director of the Familial Breast Cancer Research Unit at the Women's College Research Institute in Canada.
If you do have a family history of breast cancer and test negative for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, stay vigilant: Watch for changes in your breasts. Get regular mammograms and MRI screenings. And speak with your doctor about preventative options like tamoxifen, a drug that cuts breast cancer risk in half by counteracting cancer-producing hormones on the ovary.
The myth: Female smokers face a greater lung cancer risk than male smokers.
Some early-1990s studies might have led you to think that simply being a woman increases your odds of getting lung cancer. But later research shows that women are no more vulnerable to tobacco-smoke carcinogens than men. Nonsmoking women are also no more likely to get lung cancer than nonsmoking men.
But know this: Lung cancer does kill more women than any other kind of cancer, breast cancer included. So if you don't smoke, keep it that way - and avoid secondhand smoke as much as possible. If you do smoke, stop. Not only will you substantially lower your risk of lung cancer, but you'll reduce your risk of heart disease as well as bladder and throat cancer.
The myth: Taking antioxidant supplements lowers your risk of cancer.
If popping a pill to prevent cancer sounds too good to be true, it is: A recent decade-long study found that women who took antioxidant supplements containing beta-carotene, vitamin C, or vitamin E (either individually or in combination with other antioxidants) developed cancer at the same rate as women who didn't use the supplements.
The problem, studies have noted, isn't antioxidants. It's antioxidant supplements - pills that contain individual or multiple antioxidants, including beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, and zinc. In the end, the best way to get the antioxidants you need is from your diet, says Serge Hercberg, M.D., Ph.D., professor of nutrition at the Medical University of Paris, who headed a recent study on antioxidants and skin cancer. Eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day to reap the benefits of antioxidants - and myriad other nutrients.
The myth: Drinking coffee causes cancer.
Ever since a methodologically flawed study showed a link between coffee and pancreatic cancer in the 1980s, just about every study since has reached the opposite conclusion. So sip away: Your morning coffee won't kill you.
Java might even help you live longer, according to new research, which shows that women who drank two or three cups a day - caffeinated or decaffeinated - faced a lower risk of early death from all health-related causes. The reason? Coffee reduces the risk of heart disease - related death by decreasing inflammation and improving insulin sensitivity, explains the leader of a recent study, Esther López-Garcia, Ph.D., a researcher in the Department of Preventative Medicine and Public Health at Madrid's Universidad Autónoma.
MORE FROM REDBOOK:
Diet Myths That Make You Fat
The Scariest Article You'll Ever Read About Your Ladyparts
10 Ways to Beat Bloat
Hollywood Weight Loss Secrets
Get More on Love, Family & Fashion - Subscribe to Redbook & Save up to 82%!
CONNECT WITH REDBOOK:
Reprinted with permission of Hearst Communications, Inc.
|
<urn:uuid:f6257b89-1256-425b-8a40-f47e80a914c6>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://shine.yahoo.com/healthy-living/5-cancer-myths-busted-531558.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703728865/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112848-00023-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.92877 | 984 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Ask many who have recently visited a homeopathy clinic, and they'll tell you that homeopathy works! There are those who swear by homeopathic treatment as a far gentler and less invasive way of dealing with illness. The medical establishment, however, requires empirical proof before it can endorse such assertions. It may work for some, but how does it work? A new study says that homeopathy may function in the same way as a placebo -- by the power of suggestion.
The central principle of homeopathy, developed by a Saxon physician named Samuel Hahnemann in the 1800s, is the law of similars, or 'like treating like'. Practitioners base treatments on small dilutions of tinctures or remedies that in large doses would produce similar symptoms in a healthy person as a disease would in the sick. Homeopaths believe that bacteria and germs are factors rather than causes of disease, and that the 'spiritual' factors of disease must be targeted.
A new study, published in the Aug. 26 edition of Lancet, brings hundreds of unrelated studies on homeopathy into context in order to identify whether homeopathy has any scientific basis. The researchers decided to concentrate on whether there was any similarity between homeopathy and the effects of placebos in clinical studies. The researchers are quick to point out that they don't dispute the fact that homeopathy may make some people feel better. But is it the medicine, or the mind?
Sifting through a vast amount of medical literature, the international research team focused on 110 studies that compared homeopathic remedies to placebos, and the same amount of studies comparing conventional medical treatments to placebos. The team made sure that the medical issues under study for both groups were the same, the patient profiles similar, and that the studies were well designed, clinically sound and involved large numbers of participants.
The study concludes that while there were solid results for conventional medical treatments, the results for homeopathy and placebos are roughly analogous across the board. The research shows that homeopathy is far less likely to produce the desired effect than conventional medical treatment, and suggests that it may act in the same manner as a placebo.
Adherents of homeopathy say 'so what?' Even if it is a mere placebo effect, at least it is less harmful and debilitating than many conventional treatments. Indeed, alternative medicine does have its place. A recent study shoes that acupuncture may be effective in short-term fibromyalgia management, and there are numerous studies verifying the science behind other natural treatments. One thing the homeopathy study did highlight is that the personal attention afforded a homeopathic patient may have something to do with the fact that patients feel better afterward. But as a patient, it is best to undergo a treatment that has some scientific basis. The power of the mind is an incredible palliative, but some times real medicine is the only cure.
|
<urn:uuid:faa46caf-6f50-400e-ab59-a403f1b3f91a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
http://www.canadianliving.com/health/prevention-and-recovery/article/homeopathy-and-the-placebo-effect
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806258.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120223020-20171121003020-00410.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964667 | 586 | 2.734375 | 3 |
For many people, the facts about alcoholism are not clear. What is alcoholism, exactly? How does it differ from alcohol
abuse? When should a person seek help for a problem related to his or her drinking?
The Botswana Alcohol Aids Project has prepared this passout to help individuals and families answer these and other common
questions about alcohol problems. The following information explains alcoholism and alcohol abuse, the symptoms of each, when
and where to seek help, treatment choices, and additional helpful resources.
A Widespread Problem
For most people who drink, alcohol is a pleasant accompaniment to social activities. Moderate alcohol use; up to two drinks
per day for men and one drink per day for women and older people, is not harmful for most adults. (A standard drink is one
12-ounce bottle or can of either beer or wine cooler, one 5-ounce glass of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits.)
Nonetheless, a large number of people get into serious trouble because of their drinking.
Currently, nearly 14 million Americans, 1 in every 13 adults abuse alcohol or are alcoholic. Several million more adults
engage in risky drinking that could lead to alcohol problems. These patterns include binge drinking and heavy drinking on
a regular basis. In addition, 53 percent of men and women in the United States report that one or more of their close relatives
have a drinking problem. The consequences of alcohol misuse are serious and, in many cases, life threatening. Heavy drinking
can increase the risk for certain cancers, especially those of the liver, esophagus, pancreas, throat, and larynx (voice box).
Heavy drinking can also cause liver cirrhosis, immune system problems, brain damage, and harm to the fetus during pregnancy.
In addition, drinking increases the risk of death from automobile crashes as well as recreational and on-the-job injuries.
Furthermore, both homicides and suicides are more likely to be committed by persons who have been drinking.
In purely economic terms, alcohol-related problems cost society approximately $185 billion per year. In human terms, the
costs cannot be calculated. Statistics like this are yet to be developed for Botswana but, all the Rapid Assessments which
have been done assessing drinking patterns and behaviors indicate that Botswana is in serious trouble with Alcohol, especially
as it is linked with HIV/AIDS via unsafe sexual behavior while under the influence.
What Is Alcoholism?
Alcoholism, also known as alcohol dependence, is a disease that includes four symptoms:
*Craving: A strong need, or compulsion, to drink.
*Loss of control: The inability to limit ones drinking on any given occasion.
*Physical dependence: Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, and anxiety, occur when alcohol use is
stopped after a period of heavy drinking.
*Tolerance: The need to drink greater amounts of alcohol in order to get high.
People who are not alcoholic sometimes do not understand why an alcoholic can't just use a little willpower to stop drinking.
However, alcoholism has little to do with willpower. Alcoholics are in the grip of a powerful craving, or uncontrollable need
for alcohol that overrides their ability to stop drinking. This need can be as strong as the need for food or water.
Although some people are able to recover from alcoholism without help, the majority of alcoholics need assistance. With
treatment and support, many individuals are able to stop drinking and stay stopped. They may then rebuild their lives.
Many people wonder why some individuals can use alcohol without problems but others cannot. One important reason has to
do with genetics. Scientists have found that having an alcoholic family member (Parent, Grandparent, Great Grandparent, Uncle,
Aunt) makes it 4 times more likely that if you choose to drink you too may develop alcoholism. Genes, however, are not the
whole story. In fact, scientists now believe that certain factors in a persons environment can influence whether a person
with a genetic risk for alcoholism ever develops the disease. A persons risk for developing alcoholism can increase based
on the person's environment, including where and how he or she lives; family, friends, and culture; peer pressure; and even
how easy it is to get alcohol. i.e. Growing up in the dysfunction of an alcoholic damaged family can leave a child emotionally
set up to find the mood change provided by Alcohol and others drugs irresistable.
What Is Alcohol Abuse?
Alcohol abuse differs from alcoholism in that it does not include an extremely strong craving for alcohol, loss of control
over drinking, or physical dependence. Alcohol abuse is defined as a pattern of drinking that results in one or more of the
following situations within a 12-month period:
*Failure to fulfill major work, school, or home responsibilities;
*Drinking in situations that are physically dangerous, such as while driving a car or operating machinery;
*Having recurring alcohol-related legal problems, such as being arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or
for physically hurting someone while drunk; and
*Continued drinking despite having ongoing relationship problems that are caused or worsened by the drinking.
Although alcohol abuse is basically different from alcoholism, many effects of alcohol abuse are also experienced by alcoholics.
What Are the Signs of a Problem?
How can you tell whether you may have a drinking problem? Answering the following four questions can help you find out:
1.Have you ever felt you should cut down on your drinking?
2.Have people annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
3.Have you ever felt bad or guilty about your drinking?
4.Have you ever had a drink first thing in the morning (as an eye opener) to steady your nerves or get rid of a hangover?
One yes answer suggests a possible alcohol problem.
If you answered yes to more than one question, it is highly likely that a problem exists.
In either case, it is important that you see your doctor or other health care provider (Like Safe Haven Counseling Center)
right away to discuss your answers to these questions. They can help you determine whether you have a drinking problem and,
if so, recommend the best course of action.
Even if you answered no to all of the above questions, if you encounter drinking-related problems with your job, relationships,
health, or the law, you should seek professional help.
The effects of alcohol abuse can be extremely serious & even fatal, both to you and to others.
If you are really wondering IF you have a problem you probably do. Normal drinkers do not ask themselves that question.
The Decision To Get Help
Accepting the fact that help is needed for an alcohol problem may not be easy. But keep in mind that the sooner you get
help, the better are your chances for a successful recovery.
Any concerns you may have about discussing drinking-related problems with your health care provider may stem from common
misconceptions about alcoholism and alcoholic people.
In our society, the myth prevails that an alcohol problem is a sign of moral weakness. As a result, you may feel that
to seek help is to admit some type of shameful defect in yourself.
In fact, alcoholism is a disease that is no more a sign of weakness than is asthma. Moreover, taking steps to identify
a possible drinking problem has an enormous payoff - a chance for a healthier, more rewarding life.
When you visit your health care provider, he or she will ask you a number of questions about your alcohol use to determine
whether you are having problems related to your drinking. Try to answer these questions as fully and honestly as you can.
You also will be given a physical examination. If your health care provider concludes that you may be dependent on alcohol,
he or she may recommend that you see a specialist (like Safe Haven Counseling Center) in treating alcoholism. You should be
involved in any referral decisions and have all treatment choices explained to you.
The type of treatment you receive depends on the severity of your alcoholism and the resources that are available in your
community. Treatment may include detoxification (the process of safely getting alcohol out of your system); taking doctor-prescribed
medications, such as disulfiram (Antabuse®) or naltrexone to help prevent a return (or relapse) to drinking once drinking
has stopped; and individual and/or group counseling. There are promising types of counseling that teach alcoholics to identify
situations and feelings that trigger the urge to drink and to find new ways to cope that do not include alcohol use. This
approach to treatment is called Relapse Prevention.
These treatments are often provided on an outpatient basis.
Because the support of family members is important to the recovery process, many programs also offer brief marital counseling
and family therapy as part of the treatment process. Programs may also link individuals with vital community resources, such
as legal assistance, job training, childcare, and parenting classes.
Virtually all alcoholism treatment programs also include Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings. AA describes itself as a
worldwide fellowship of men and women who help each other to stay sober. Even people who are helped by AA usually find that
AA sometimes works best in combination with other forms of treatment, including counseling and medical care.
Can Alcoholism Be Cured?
Although alcoholism can be treated, a cure is not yet available. In other words, even if an alcoholic has been sober for
a long time and has regained health, he or she remains susceptible to relapse and must continue to avoid all alcoholic beverages.
Cutting down on drinking doesn't work. Cutting out alcohol completely and permenantly is necessary for a successful recovery.
The American Medical Association refers to Alcoholism as "a fatal illness for which there is no known cure". The
Alcoholic who enters recovery and practices abstinence is not cured meaning a regained ability to drink without problems,
rather, the Alcoholic in recovery has, by practicing continuous abstinence, acquired the ability to stay sober one day at
a time. As long as Alcohol does not enter the body it cannot reactivate the characteristics of the illness. Lifelong abstinence
is the only answer and AA helps the recovering person maintain that abstinence.
However, even individuals who are determined to stay sober may suffer one or several slips, or relapses, before achieving
long-term sobriety. Relapses are very common and do not mean that a person has failed or cannot recover from alcoholism. Keep
in mind, too, that every day that a recovering alcoholic has stayed sober prior to a relapse is extremely valuable time, both
to the individual and to his or her family.
If a relapse occurs, it is very important to try to quickly stop drinking once again, one day at a time, and to get whatever
additional support you need to abstain from drinking by returning to your AA Home Group and/or seeing your Counselor.
Help for Alcohol Abuse
If your health care provider determines that you are not alcohol dependent but are nonetheless involved in a pattern of
alcohol abuse, he or she can help you to:
*Examine the benefits of stopping an unhealthy drinking pattern.
*Set a drinking goal for yourself. Some people choose to abstain from alcohol. Others prefer to limit the amount they
*Examine the situations that trigger your unhealthy drinking patterns, and develop new ways of handling those situations
so that you can maintain your drinking goal.
Some alcohol abusing individuals who have stopped drinking after experiencing alcohol-related problems choose to attend
AA meetings for information and support, even though they have not been diagnosed as alcoholic.
Link to Safe Haven Counseling Center
Link to AA Meeting Information
|
<urn:uuid:dfb476fe-848d-4874-a580-328689c66a75>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
http://botswana-alcoholaids.tripod.com/id5.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806620.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122175744-20171122195744-00101.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953952 | 2,442 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The Sandford Primary School curriculum is designed to provide a broad and balanced education that meets the needs of all pupils and furnishes them with skills, knowledge and understanding in preparation for their future lives. We strive to provide an equitable experience for all our students, regardless of need; inclusion is at the very heart of everything we aim for. We celebrate diversity and utilise the skills, knowledge and cultural wealth of our supportive community, while nurturing the pupils' spiritual, moral, social and cultural development.
Our curriculum ensures that academic progress, knowledge, creativity and problem-solving are highly valued and embedded through every year groups' learning. These, coupled with core values such as resilience, responsibility, determination and decency, as well as physical development, emotional well-being and mental health, are key elements that support the development of the whole child and promote a positive attitude to learning and life.
Like all schools, we are constantly striving to improve our curriculum and, to this end, we are in the process of remodelling our provision for the children.
At Sandford Primary School, we are further developing our curriculum offer which builds on the knowledge, understanding and skills of all children, whatever their starting points, as they progress through each Key Stage. The curriculum incorporates the statutory requirements of the National Curriculum 2014 and other experiences and opportunities which best meet the learning and developmental needs of the individual pupils. The intent of our curriculum is to provide the very highest standard of education, ensuring the children flourish academically, for life in the 21st Century, within a broad and balanced curriculum. This is underpinned by the school's Core Values (Compassion, Honesty, Tolerance, Courage, Justice, Humility, Resilience/Grit and Self-discipline) and these are taught individually and through other areas of the curriculum, including assemblies. The spiritual, moral, social and cultural development of our pupils and their understanding of the core values of our society are woven through the curriculum. Our pupils are supported to acquire the requisite skills, confidence and self-esteem to be successful, independent and motivated learners in readiness for their next stage of education and to make a positive contribution to society as they grow up.
The National Curriculum is delivered using a creative, topic-based approach which builds year on year upon the children's learning. The curriculum is covered through a range of different topics in each class, making relevant and meaningful links between the subjects. Our Learning Without Limits approach is the pedagogy that underpins how we implement our curriculum. We believe no child is born 'clever' at a subject, but rather, everyone is able to succeed and improve upon their personal best, if the conditions are right. Formative assessment is used to understand where the children are in their learning and plan next steps accordingly, thus ensuring the implementation of our lessons is appropriate for all our children.
The impact of our curriculum is assessed throughout the time our children are with us, including the statutory assessment points such as end of Key Stage SATs, as well as other nationally reported results. Impact is assessed throughout the topics and lessons in order to plan next steps and also summatively so that we can gauge the impact of what we have taught versus what the children have learned, thereby informing us of where we need to make changes. It is the shift of knowledge to the long term memory that demonstrates understanding. No matter the child's starting point, they should progress and achieve to the highest possible standard for them; not only in reading, writing, maths and science but within the foundation subjects such as Art, Music and History. When they move onto Secondary School, they are equipped to access the next step of their educational journey but also to thrive due to the building blocks of learning that they have received. More than this though, they will be ready to make a positive and worthwhile impact to the wider community as informed and responsible 21st Century citizens.
|
<urn:uuid:a5dab481-4421-49c1-9226-fec14f416f46>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://www.sandfordprimary.org/curriculum/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250591234.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20200117205732-20200117233732-00183.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962936 | 794 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Research tells us that 85% of what we know we have learned by listening. At the same time studies show that we are distracted, preoccupied or forgetful 75% of the time we are listening. Robert Greenleaf had much to say about the importance of listening. He felt that it was one of the traits that distinguished servants from non-servants. Active listening is a skill that can be acquired through practice and discipline. In this module, participants assess their own listening skills, practice active listening, and then apply skills to their organizations. (Approx. 60-90 min.)
- To understand the link between listening and servant leadership.
- To learn the skills of ACTIVE LISTENING.
- To debrief the process and learn where listening can be improved in your organization.
The Facilitator will need to provide the following for this module:
- Materials to write on (board or flip chart).
- Participant booklets.
|
<urn:uuid:b62496f3-d7d9-4bf2-8fd0-6af47ba37883>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
http://amca.com/books-resources/skills-processes/servant-leadership-and-listening/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424200.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170723002704-20170723022704-00615.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.94221 | 194 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Leo Fleishman, William D. Williams Professor of Biological Sciences (With Brianna Ogas '12, David Steinberg, Duke University; Manuel Leal, University of Missouri)
Want to stand out a little more?
Try making yourself glow, it seems to work for the Jamaican gray anole. Okay, so Anolis lineatopus doesn’t actually luminesce, it only appears to, but the principle still holds, as Leo Fleishman and his colleagues reported recently in the journal of Functional Ecology.
Male lizards of this species, which reach three to six inches in length, have colorful throat fans (called dewlaps) that they use to attract mates. The animals enhance the look of their already vibrant fans with an optical illusion.
Lizards, and people, are used to seeing things like tree trunks, dirt and rocks that reflect light and appear pretty dull, Fleishman explained. But because the anoles have translucent dewlaps, light passes through them when the fans are extended. As a result, the skin under the lizard’s chin seems to glow.
And this “glow” helps the reptiles stand out in their shady home—but not necessarily because they’re creating contrast with the generally darker environment. There are, after all, plenty of places in any forest where equally bright things, like sunshine, radiate through the vegetation.
“When light is transmitted through the dewlap, it makes the color easier to distinguish from other colors in the environment,” Fleishman said.
In other words, the sunset-orange that male lizard’s sporting is clearer than similar hues—maybe of that flower beside him. And this means he’s less likely to get overlooked by the females in the neighborhood.
He was also recently featured on WAMC's "Academic Minute"
|
<urn:uuid:c733d699-cde8-4a4c-9908-9afff0fdb532>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://www.union.edu/news/stories/201603/glowing-real-attention-grabber
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370510287.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200403030659-20200403060659-00509.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.938307 | 390 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Quite often families break out conflicts of interests of parents and children, especially when the latter crossed the age threshold of 12 years.As a rule, the subject of study becomes a stumbling block in understanding between a teenager and his father and mother.And they begin to frantically search for the answer to the question: "Our son (or daughter) teenager does not want to learn.What to do and how to be? »
Their reaction to the behavior of children of course they are in a state of their own powerlessness and absolutely useless in matters of pedagogy.So, if the teenager does not want to learn what to do in this case, they do not know and, therefore, the child did not meet expectations.This is further proof that serious mistakes were made in education.
expectations parents can understand, because they gave so much effort and energy to ensure that their child is held in life.They want him at least an elementary return to his room was always clean and comfortable, that he assisted in the housek
course, the first thing that comes to mind is to use a well-known principle of "nowant - to make ".It is very important to be careful not to overdo it with this method.Using the above pedagogical device, you need to use carrots and sticks.For success - to encourage, and for the flaws - to punish.After a while, becoming more adult, a child on their own to decide what profession to choose it, and it is possible that you will be thankful for the fact that not indulged his whims and caprices.
considering the question: "A teenager does not want to learn - what to do?" - It is important to determine the root cause of why he does not want to sit at a school desk.Maybe he just does not see any sense, because the media often exaggerate the question of how hard it is now to find a job in their specialty, and how low wages get holders of university degrees.Well, the truth in this point of view there.However, this does not mean that getting a higher education is not necessary.
should explain to the adolescent that the college or university will help him expand his own horizons and learn for yourself something new - it is always useful.
If the teenager does not want to learn, it is possible that he is not interested.Often one can observe a picture when a child prodigy bored sitting at a desk, listening to this or that subject in secondary school.He knows the material, so they are not interested, the teacher can not apply an individual approach to each, paying attention to all students.
In such a situation we can recommend to create a gifted child optimum basis for its further development: to send him to a specialized educational institution, upload his participation in various contests and competitions.
question about why teenagers do not want to learn, can have a radical solution.Experts do not recommend excessive pressure on the child, issued an ultimatum demanding from him to seek knowledge and to transfer it from one school to another.First of all he is a person, not an expression of your ambitions.
Ultimately, school plays in the life of man is strictly a role.In choosing their future profession child must be guided by what he most likes to do.
|
<urn:uuid:8469f9dc-25b0-4403-900b-a455537ecceb>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://familysis.com/en/pages/7180
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886120194.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170823113414-20170823133414-00367.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970799 | 669 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Infections in People With Cancer
- What are infections and who is at risk?
- What can people with cancer do to prevent infections?
- Vaccines during cancer treatment
- Precautions to help prevent infection during cancer treatment
- Medicines to prevent infections during cancer treatment
- What are signs of infection in people with cancer?
- How does the body normally resist infections?
- Why are people with cancer more likely to get infections?
- Immunosuppression and neutropenia
- How cancer can increase risk of infection
- How cancer treatment can increase the risk of infection
- How nutrition affects risk of infection in people with cancer
- What are the risk factors that mean infections could be serious?
- How does the doctor know what kind of infection a person with cancer has?
- What kinds of germs cause infections in people with cancer?
- How is infection treated in people with cancer?
- To learn more
What can people with cancer do to prevent infections?
Infection is one of the most common life-threatening complications of cancer. To reduce your risk of infection while being treated for cancer, be sure to:
Last Medical Review: 11/06/2013
Last Revised: 11/06/2013
|
<urn:uuid:d92de6b2-838d-4b9c-9c15-ced4dc6a1872>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/physicalsideeffects/infectionsinpeoplewithcancer/infectionsinpeoplewithcancer/infections-in-people-with-cancer-prevention
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500829916.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021349-00150-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948214 | 260 | 3.09375 | 3 |
We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.
Healthline only shows you brands and products that we stand behind.Our team thoroughly researches and evaluates the recommendations we make on our site. To establish that the product manufacturers addressed safety and efficacy standards, we:
- Evaluate ingredients and composition: Do they have the potential to cause harm?
- Fact-check all health claims: Do they align with the current body of scientific evidence?
- Assess the brand: Does it operate with integrity and adhere to industry best practices?
Melanin is a natural pigment that determines the color of your hair. When the production of this pigment slows down, hair turns gray or white.
Since these colors largely symbolize growing older, many are keen to boost melanin production and restore their color as soon as possible.
Read on to find out how to increase melanin production in the hair. This includes which foods to add to your diet and whether oral or topical supplements can help.
Melanin determines the color of hair
Your hair color is determined by the type and amount of melanin in your hair.
Genetics play a huge role in which type of melanin you’re born with. The two types of melanin you may have are:
- Eumelanins: give hair dark colors
- Pheomelanins: give hair light colors
Different amounts of these two types of melanin also determine hair color, as shown below:
|Hair color||Types of melanin|
|black||large amounts of eumelanin|
|brown||moderate amounts of eumelanin|
|blond||very little eumelanin|
|strawberry blond||a mixture of brown eumelanin and pheomelanin|
|red||mostly pheomelanin with small amounts of eumelanin|
Melanin protects hair from the sun
According to Nikki Goddard, a certified hairstylist with an associate degree in cosmetology, melanin plays another crucial biological role in hair: It protects hair against sun rays (photoprotection) and ultraviolet (UV) radiance.
“The latter is conditioned by the type of melanin and its concentration. For example, dark hair is more resistant to UV rays and decay than light hair because of the higher photostability of eumelanin compared to pheomelanin.”
Melanin affects hair color as you age
Melanin goes through significant pigmentation changes throughout a person’s life. In other words, your hair color doesn’t stay the same color.
This is why a blond child may become closer to a brunette in their teen and adult years. Darkening of color can also be influenced by external factors, such as toxins, pollutants, and climate.
The slowing of melanin production is simply a part of aging.
Melanin also affects hair vitality
Melanin slowing down doesn’t just affect the pigment of the hair. Goddard explains that it also affects hair’s vitality.
“Indeed, melanin plays a protective role: Larger quantities of eumelanin protect hair against high levels of exposure to the sun and its unwanted consequences such as drying out and brittleness.”
This is why gray hairs, which are devoid of melanin, often have a dry, brittle texture.
So far, there hasn’t been enough scientific research to prove that melanin supplements can help with preventing or reversing gray hair.
These products often aren’t approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) either. You’ll have to read customer reviews and decide for yourself if it’s worth it.
For instance, check out the reviews for this Melaniq Food Supplement for Hair Pigmentation.
Foods rich in antioxidants
Many foods are loaded with hair-boosting vitamins.
This largely includes foods with high concentrations of antioxidants, which has found to increase melanin production. As an added benefit, antioxidants help defend your cells from the damaging effects of free radicals.
Foods that are rich in antioxidants include:
- dark chocolate
- leafy greens
Foods containing copper
Since copper plays a role in melanin production, you’ll also want to include the following foods into your diet:
- beef liver
- white mushrooms
Foods with vitamins A, C, and E
Lastly, vitamins A, C, and E have shown promising results on improving hair, skin, and nails. For example, research has found that these vitamins help protect the skin again UV damage from the sun.
Getting enough of these foods in your diet requires a few tweaks. Here are some recommendations for adding these vitamins into your diet.
|Vitamin A||Vitamin C||Vitamin E|
|orange vegetables||leafy green vegetables||vegetables|
|fish||citrus fruits||nuts and seeds|
Goddard says that vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, has been found to trigger the production of enzymes and chemical reactions that boost the metabolism of the hair proteins (keratin and melanin) in the hair follicles.
“This vitamin improves the nutrition of hair follicles with keratin and melanin, which, in turn, promotes hair growth and renewal.”
Goddard adds that vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, promotes healthy hair growth by increasing the production of red blood cells.
“Consequently, hair grows better and gets saturated with keratin — the form of protein that’s contained in the hair shaft.”
Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause gray hair
Researchers found that about 55 percent of study participants with pernicious anemia experienced gray hair before they turned 50. This was compared with the 30 percent without gray hair in the control group.
Since gray hair can be brought on by stress, implementing vitamin B12 into your life, whether by diet or supplement, may help. Foods high in vitamin B12 include:
Not enough scientific research has been conducted on the effectiveness of melanin hair products. Because of this, there’s always a chance that these products are marketing gimmicks.
Instead of buying melanin-rich items, Goddard says to opt for the products that contain:
“They have scientifically proven benefits, and melanin production is likely to be one of them,” Goddard said.
Melanin-based hair dye may be better for your hair
Northwestern University researchers have created a new synthetic melanin-based hair dye. It provides natural-looking hair color by mimicking human hair pigmentation. Compared with chemical-based dyes, it’s gentler and safer on the hair.
“Such an approach, if done under mild conditions, could be an alternative to other kinds of hair dyes, avoiding some of the toxicity or allergies associated with those chemicals,” said head researcher Nathan Gianneschi.
Gray or white hair is what happens when melanocytes stop producing melanin or pigment altogether.
While both oral and topical melanin supplements are available, the effectiveness of these products hasn’t yet been scientifically proven.
Your best bet is to eat healthy foods that are high in antioxidants, protein, and copper. Studies have also found that taking vitamins B12 and B6 may prevent premature graying hair.
You can always talk to your doctor or hairstylist to determine the best options for you.
|
<urn:uuid:25f12ec6-76ce-4e0b-b872-56928d4235ec>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://www.healthline.com/health/melanin-in-hair
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203161435-20231203191435-00013.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.926932 | 1,598 | 2.984375 | 3 |
So, Winston Churchill has been voted the Greatest Briton.
I am frankly astonished that Shakespeare, Newton and possibly Darwin did not lead it.
They are the only three in the list whose achievements stand on the world stage and have remained important, useful, and fundamental for centuries.
Perhaps the measure of greatness was skewed by the categories. I do not consider 'Compassion' a valid metric of greatness. Compassion. Is that what made Britain great? No. Legacy is the most important category here, followed by Genius. Leadership and Bravery, while admirable qualities, are subject to being in the right place at the right time – which certainly was the case for Churchill.
It is also ridiculous to rate them on a 1 to 9 scale. It's simply not a wide enough scale to rate them effectively. I am supposed to believe that Diana's legacy is even one ninth of Shakespeare's, Newton's, Darwin's legacy? It's just not possible to put them on the scale together.
Here's my top ten.
1. Shakespeare, who moulded English, Britain's single greatest asset and export, and whose communication of the human condition remains relevant today. As Jonson said, “Not of an age, but for all time!”.
2. Newton, who put Mathematics into Science. His contribution cannot be underestimated.
3. Darwin, who had possibly the most important idea anyone has ever had. The idea of evolution through natural selection.
4. Brunel. The Victorians were the greatest engineers this country has known, and Brunel was the greatest of them. An astounding legacy of civil engineering that has lasted for a century and more.
5. Elizabeth I. Good Queen Bess gave her name to an age. An age of art, science, exploration, and a great age for Britain. She had no small part in that.
6, 7, 8, 9. Churchill, Lennon, Cromwell, Nelson were great, but definitely in the bottom half of the table.
10. Diana. Should not have been in the top ten, really. How will she be remembered in 300 years? Well, William III was king 300 years ago. Exactly.
|
<urn:uuid:6d0f90b6-6b8e-4fb8-9d99-4d1f7811d07a>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.elbeno.com/blog/?p=6
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506320.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922002008-20230922032008-00449.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.97159 | 450 | 2.65625 | 3 |
September 11th, 1866 – Ewing’s Method Officially Patented, Leading to Mobil Oil
In 1866, a carpenter named Matthew Ewing patented his method for distilling kerosene. Ewing’s method involved kerosene being distilled in a vacuum in a process that ultimately produced lubricants. The result of this post-Civil War innovation was the establishment of Mobil Oil.
Matthew Ewing and Hiram Everest founded the Vacuum Oil Company in New York. This happened just three weeks after the patent was issued and “Ewing’s Patent Vacuum Oil” was the company’s first product. It was a leather conditioner. Eventually, Ewing ended his partnership with Everest and found greater success with Vacuum Harness Oil. He used containers that were normally used for canning oysters to distribute lubricant.
Everest sold 75% of Vacuum Oil to Standard Oil Company in 1880. Vacuum Oil became Socony Mobil more than fifty years later. Then, the company became Mobil Oil and finally ExxonMobil as the result of a merger in 1999.
September 12th, 1866 – First Texas Oil Discovery
Lyne Taliaferro Barret and the Melrose Petroleum Oil Company finished a well east of Nacogdoches in 1866. This well turned out to be the first commercial well in the Lone Star state.
The No. 1 Isaac C. Skillern Well was drilled in Oil Springs. Oil was found at just over 100 feet. However, production was somewhat minimal and the well only produced 10 BOPD. This combined with limited market access led to the failure of Barret’s company. The field was dormant for almost 20 years until other companies found oil nearby.
Some of the wells in Nacogdoches field produced oil until the 1950s, making it one of the oldest producing fields in Texas for many years.
September 13th, 1957 – Hawaii’s First Refinery Opens
Standard Oil of California announced plans to build the first refinery in Hawaii in 1957. The location was 8 miles from Pearl Harbor on the Island of Oahu. In 1959, Popular Mechanics reported that Standard Oil originally planned to import oil using a submarine cable.
September 13th, 1975 – Permian Basin Petroleum Museum Opens
Over 400 guests attended the opening ceremony of the Permian Basin Petroleum Museum, Library and Hall of Fame. President Gerald R. Ford even traveled to Midland, Texas to speak at the event.
Ford also toured the museum and was presented with a sculpture by Lester Fox called “Dressing the Bit.” Chairman Emil Rassman was in charge of presenting the piece.
More than 500 community leaders contributed to the completion of the museum. That effort was lead by George Abell. Today, visitors can see a number of cultural, geological and technical exhibits along with a collection of rare Chaparral race cars are also on display.
September 14, 1871 – Grant’s Tour Unveils Future Oil Sites
President Ulysses S. Grant went on a tour of northwestern Pennsylvania. This tour included sites that contributed to a major oil boom such as Oil City, Petroleum Center and Titusville. All of these locations played a role in a commercial oil discovery that would change the world forever. In 1875, Grant ordered Pennsylvania Avenue to be paved with asphalt–a product that came as a byproduct of the oil production in these areas.
September 14th, 1929 – Yates Well Breaks Records
When a Texas well struck oil at about 1,000 feet and produced an over 200,000 BOPD, it became the most productive well in the world at the time. The Yates 30-A Well was producing close to 9,000 barrels of oil every hour, setting a new production record.
This well was in Pecos County, close to the Yates field. A year later, the Ira G. Yates 1-A. was discovered, eventually unveiling the true size of the Permian Basin.
The newest well is operated by Transcontinental Oil and the Mid-Kansas Oil and Gas Company, now Marathon. This well ultimately lead to prosperity in Odessa, Midland, and Iraan. The Yates Field hit a historic milestone in 1985 when it produced its billionth oil barrel.
September 14th, 1960 – Baghdad Conference and OPEC Established
The OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) was established by Venezuela, Iran, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Iraq at the Baghdad Conference. Nine other members would also join the organization. Its headquarters were in Geneva, Switzerland, until September 1965. Today, the location of their headquarters is Vienna, Austria.
The objective of the OPEC is to unify and coordinate and unify petroleum policies in member countries. They strive to establish stable and fair prices for producers and to provide an economic, efficient and regular petroleum supply to consuming nation. The organization also places great focus on getting fair returns on capital for industry investors.
September 15th, 1886 – Eaton Mining and Gas Company Ushers In Indiana Boom
The Eaton Mining and Gas Company was founded by investors in 1886 after Ohio natural gas discoveries excited speculation in Indiana. On September 15th, the company’s first well was completed at 920 feet. When natural gas was found, it’s said that the resulting flame could be seen in Muncie, which was 10 miles away.
At that time, The Trenton Field was the largest gas field in the world, spreading over 17 counties in the state of Indiana and launching a natural gas boom in the state. Over the next 36 months, more than 200 companies were drilling, selling and exploring natural gas. Andrew Carnegie, a well-known industrialist claimed that natural gas replaced ten thousand tons of coal for steelmaking each day.
|
<urn:uuid:639d2325-ed36-4675-965e-7eb1afc66e69>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://greasebook.com/blog/this-week-oil-gas-history-september-11/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655887377.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705152852-20200705182852-00086.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965456 | 1,200 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Pine Oil is an essential oil obtained by the steam distillation of needles, twigs and cones from a variety of species of pine. It is used in aromatherapy, as a scent in bath oils, as a cleaning product, and as a lubricant in small and expensive clockwork instruments. It is naturally deodorizing, and antibacterial. It is also used as an effective organic herbicide where its action is to modify the waxy cuticle of plants, resulting in desiccation.
Pine Oil 22 to 30 disinfectants are widely available. They are effective against gram-negative enteric bacteria, Household germs such as those causing salmonellosis, intestinal bacteria, odor-causing bacteria.It is not effective against spread related illness such as tetanus or anthrax or against non-enveloped viruses such as poliovirus, hepatitis B. Pine oil has relatively low human toxicity level, a low corrosion level & limited persistence.
|
<urn:uuid:6a804f24-28b3-4a11-b6cf-f567fd2685da>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://www.shivshaktiindia.co.in/pine-oil.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948951.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329054547-20230329084547-00328.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.960131 | 196 | 2.671875 | 3 |
January 20, 2009, a date which will live with distinction and just pride in the hearts of Black people everywhere. On this momentous day, Mein Obama was sworn into office as the President of the United States, shattering the illusion of white privilege in this nation and showing that anyone can get elected to live in the White House.
HBO did a fantastic job of covering the epic marathon campaign that Zod-Obama started at the Democratic National Convention in 2004, culminating in his victory in November of 2008. This non-threatening half-Black dude with a Kenyon absentee-father represented the most viable option for white people to accept as the Jackie Robinson of the Presidency.
When one considers the historic importance of Barack Obama’s path to the White House, it becomes abundantly clear the important role that fictional Black presidents in popular culture had in “mainstreaming” positive images of a Black commander-in-chief for the general public to rationalize.
The “Mainstreaming” of positive images of Black people at the helm of the United States government has been an on-going phenomenon for the past 30 years. The concept of mainstreaming is important to SBPDL, for it means creating conditioned responses in a population for eventualities to unfold without opposition or resentment:
“A corollary of cultivation theory, the concept of “mainstreaming” implies that heavy television viewing contributes to an erosion of differences in people's perspectives that stem from other factors and influences. It is based on the argument that television serves as the primary common storyteller for an otherwise heterogeneous population.
As the source of the most broadly shared images and messages in history, television represents the mainstream of the common symbolic environment into which children are born and in which we all live out our lives.”
Nightly newscasts reinforce seemingly pre-conditioned response of resentment and prejudicial images of Black people in the majority population, thereby creating a false impression of wanton Black criminality and violence. Utilizing cultivation theory, the heroic images of Black people succeeding at sports leads to improving caustic thoughts of Black people and in turn, creates an environment where Black criminality is excused for the athletic contributions of this adroit people far out-weigh incarceration rates or rising opportunity costs of white flight from major cities.
When considering Mein Obama’s election, one must recall the giants whose shoulders he stood upon to be granted access into the White House: those portrayals by Black actors of Black presidents in popular culture, from television to movies. For, the “mainstreaming” of the notion of a fictional Black president had to be conditioned to the majority population before the reality could occur:
“As writers and directors cast blacks as president in several memorable portrayals, depictions of fictional black presidents may have accustomed Americans to accept a black man as president. Actor Dennis Haysbert who played a black president on the hit show 24, said the portrayal “may have opened the eyes, the minds and the hearts of people because the character was so well liked." The show also raised the issue of whether television series "like political trial ballons, can ready the populace for change."
After Barack Obama's election, the television show the Cosby Show was cited for what has been termed the “Huxtable effect” for the influence of its "warmhearted" portrayal, "free of street conflicts and ghetto stereotypes - that broke ground for its depiction of an upwardly mobile black family." The show has even been cited by some observers as a factor in Obama's victory.”
Hollywood has cast some heavyweight Black actors in the role of the United States president, with oddly coincidental thematic undertones. We shall get to this in a moment, but a quick run-down of the fictional Black presidents in film should illustrate the point:
1. Deep Impact (1998)
Actor: Morgan Freeman
POTUS: Tom Beck
Not to be confused with the same year's Armageddon, about astronauts nuking an asteroid on a collision course with the Earth, Deep Impact is about nuking a comet on a collision course with the Earth. It's also about an MSNBC reporter so darling, as played by Téa Leoni, that the president gives her something of a scoop about the comet-nuking mission.
2. The Fifth Element (1997)
Actor: Tommy "Tiny" Lister
POTUS: President Lindberg
Luc Besson's wiggy fantasia tells the story of a planet representing pure evil on a collision course with the Earth in the 23rd century. Instead of nukes, our weapon against it is Milla Jovovich's bandage-attired supernatural sylph, and one President Lindberg oversees her deployment.
3. Idiocracy (2006)
Actor: Terry Crews
POTUS: Dwayne Camacho
Mike Judge's sci-fi satire unfolds in the 26th century in a United States whose degraded citizens habitually deaden themselves with video games and fast food. (The movie is a cult classic, rather than a popular favorite, because its absurdism hits too close to home.) Luke Wilson—playing the "most average" soldier in the Army of 2005—awakes from Rip Van Winkle hibernation to find that he's the smartest guy in the country and soon joins the Cabinet of President Camacho, who entered the political arena via the wrestling arena. While Camacho's skin color is much really less of an issue than, say, the fact that he commands respect at the State of the Union by firing an automatic rifle at the ceiling, his processed hair and street idiom do lend an extra outlandish to the apocalyptic portrait.
Not profiled in this article is a late arriver to the party of fictitious Black presidents is President Thomas Wilson of the recent film 2012, played by Danny Glover (sadly, his Vice President was not Martin Riggs).
In television, the “mainstreaming” of a Black president fell to the good-hands of Dennis Haysbert, as he was cast as the president in 24:
“It's not until the hit series "24" that things start looking up for the black president. Dennis Haysbert's character, David Palmer -- in the first season a senator running for the presidency -- is handsome, composed and ready to lead on Day One. His race is a non-issue as he grapples with modern-day threats such as terrorism, bomb scares and a social-climbing wife.”
The path to the White House for Mein Obama was lined with the horrific “mainstreaming” of end-of-the-world scenarios that Black presidents constantly presided over (Danny Glover was cast in 2012 before the election of Mein Obama for those wondering, meaning Hollywood was prepared to continue to the “mainstreaming” of end-of-the-world scenarios with Black people at the helm of the US Government).
A synthesis of disaster and Black presidents has occurred through the “mainstreaming” of Hollywood films and television shows that showcase Black POTUS being elected at the unlucky moment right before Armageddon strikes. Consider, Deep Impact, a film where most of the United States is destroyed by a rouge comet from Outer space. Morgan Freeman’s Godlike abilities fail to prevent widespread destruction.
2012 shows a world where nearly 99 percent of the population is wiped out thanks to solar flares from the sun melting the earth’s core. The Black POTUS is helpless in stopping the mass murder of the United States population by the remorseless power of nature.
In Idiocracy, a film that dares discusses the verboten topic of inherited intelligence in individuals; a Black person is once again president when the planet is on the verge of a dystopian nightmare reserved for the pages James Watson’s diary.
Thus, an observable pattern develops between Black people in film and television and the end-of-the-world that a few people have noticed, yet completely misdiagnose.
Mein Obama was elected at a time when the United States stands on the verge of collapse and the “mainstreaming” of disastrous scenarios through the medium of film and television conditioned all American’s for this event, and the Black person at the helm of the nation underscores this situation.
Black actors are on speed-dial by Hollywood executives for POTUS roles, as the blame for apocalyptic events in film must always rest on the shoulders of Black people in the role of POTUS. Stuff Black People Don’t Like includes the portrayal of Black presidents in film and television, for Black people as president denotes end-of-the-world scenarios coupled with doom and gloom.
|
<urn:uuid:a03cefcb-14be-439d-b6eb-b1a282851f8f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://stuffblackpeopledontlike.blogspot.com/2010/01/543-portrayal-of-black-potus-in-film.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320863.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626184725-20170626204725-00304.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950392 | 1,804 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Written by Andrew Clements
Illustrated by Yoshi
For ages 4 to 8Get this book
Big Al is the friendliest fish in the deep blue sea but his enormous size, sharp teeth and huge eyes scare away all the other fish. This makes Big Al feel very lonely. He tries lots of different ways to make friends - from wrapping himself in seaweed to changing colour so that he can fit in with a school fish. But nothing seems to work. Just when Big Al wants to give up on making friends, danger comes along and Big Al gets to prove what a great friend he can be.
Big Al teaches us that true friendship is more than skin deep. We should not judge our friends on what they look like, but by their actions. This book can lead to powerful discussions on kindness and what makes a great friend. Due to the rich language used by the author, there are plenty of language targets to choose from. The book has a complex episode narrative structure, which means it has all the elements of a true narrative as well as multiple planned attempts. So it’s a great choice if you’re looking for a book which models a good narrative structure to children. There are countless descriptive verbs (such as flopped, wiggled, darted and plowed) which will provide wonderful models to help children increase the variety of verbs in their narratives. This book can also be used if you’re working on synonyms as the author used multiple synonyms for big and small.
For further speech and language goals, see the list below.
Narrative Structure: Complex Episode
Story Plot: Wishing Tale
Published by Atheneum Books for Young Readers in 1997 (ISBN: 9780689817229)
|
<urn:uuid:17397839-070e-40d4-ae2a-bbfd405f8f1a>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://booksharetime.com/books/big-al-andrew-clements
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949694.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20230401001704-20230401031704-00338.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95978 | 357 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Imagine a society in which each citizen is guaranteed a minimum monthly income. People do not work to survive; they instead work to contribute to their country, supplement their income, and enrich their minds and bodies. Poverty rates have plummeted, and socioeconomic divides across an entire populace have shrunk. It may sound like a socialist utopia, but a number of countries are considering the idea of a Universal Basic Income (UBI), with some poised to implement it in 2016.
UBI has existed as a concept for hundreds of years. The idea was first posited by Johannes Ludovicus Vives in the 14th century and evolved via the work of Enlightenment figures like Thomas Paine and then, in the 19th and 20th centuries, by Western economists and politicians . The idea even surfaced in the 1972 United States presidential campaign in the form of a negative income tax, with both candidates expressing some form of support.
The concept of a UBI has found support across the political spectrum. The Cato Institute, an American Libertarian think tank, has proposed that a UBI could be the better way for governments to redistribute income versus complex entitlement programs. Andy Stern, former president of one of the largest unions in America, the Service Employees International Union, believes a UBI is an effective way to target poverty at its core – a lack of income.
Centuries of hypothesizing notwithstanding, there have been few concerted efforts to implement a UBI until now. Y Combinator, a Silicon Valley-based company that provides seed money to startup companies, will be giving 100 families in Oakland between $1,000 and $2,000 per month for up to one year. Researchers will measure “happiness, well-being, financial health, as well as how people spend their time.” Finland is currently drafting a proposal for a UBI that would give each citizen 800 euros per month, and the Labour Party in the United Kingdom is considering backing a similar initiative.
Some economists warn that a UBI would be ineffective if not paired with other policy changes. A potential downfall of UBI is that the greater income of citizens would be captured by landlords via rising rents. Therefore, efforts must be taken to ensure that rents do not absorb government-supplemented income.
The addition of a Land Value Tax (LVT) to funding the UBI would limit, if not eliminate, the amount of income absorbed by rents while providing the necessary revenue stream to support it. Martin Farley, author of the “Transformation Deal,” has calculated that this approach would create a revenue stream to support at least a moderate UBI. Furthermore, since the burden of an LVT is on landlords, excessive rents captured by them would be recouped by the LVT and re-injected into the UBI program. In addition, LVT has been shown to promote the best use of land, generating more lower-cost yet high-quality residential and commercial space, a further benefit of UBI. It has been argued by many that the dual combination of LVT and UBI would work extremely well together to resolve a number inequities in any economy.
Economists from across the political spectrum will be watching Y Combinator, Finland, and other test programs closely as they experiment with a UBI. Success could mean an entirely new approach to the welfare state. Most important will be whether and how socioeconomic conditions change. And from those changes, new understandings may well arise to support ideas such as Land Value Taxation. For now, the world is watching.
|
<urn:uuid:06817cc8-6087-44d9-95e3-ae26836b52bc>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://earthsharing.org/13180/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886109893.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822031111-20170822051111-00398.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961527 | 721 | 3.484375 | 3 |
The article also seems to make some heroic assuptions about WHERE blacks move to when they move out of a ghetto. That the place that they move too might also be low-quality seems not to be taken seriously. Do we really believe that about 42 percent of the black children living in the worst neighborhoods in 1995 moved to a nondisadvantaged neighborhood later on? Pull the other leg! If we DO believe any part of that, however, the movers (and their kids) were probably brighter than those who stayed behind so the nearest thing the researchers had to a control group wasn't really one.
Durable effects of concentrated disadvantage on verbal ability among African-American children
By Robert J. Sampson et al.
Disparities in verbal ability, a major predictor of later life outcomes, have generated widespread debate, but few studies have been able to isolate neighborhood-level causes in a developmentally and ecologically appropriate way. This study presents longitudinal evidence from a large-scale study of >2,000 children ages 6-12 living in Chicago, along with their caretakers, who were followed wherever they moved in the U.S. for up to 7 years. African-American children are exposed in such disproportionate numbers to concentrated disadvantage that white and Latino children cannot be reliably compared, calling into question traditional research strategies assuming common points of overlap in ecological risk. We therefore focus on trajectories of verbal ability among African-American children, extending recently developed counterfactual methods for time-varying causes and outcomes to adjust for a wide range of predictors of selection into and out of neighborhoods. The results indicate that living in a severely disadvantaged neighborhood reduces the later verbal ability of black children on average by ~ 4 points, a magnitude that rivals missing a year or more of schooling.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, December 19, 2007
One thing that always rather gets me is how Leftists ignore the fact that blacks from bad environments often rise to pre-eminence in sport (e.g. here). So how come a bad environment cripples the cortex (the part of the brain critical to intelligence) but empowers the muscles and the cerebellum (the part of the brain critical for co-ordination)? The brain, the muscles and the nervous system are all parts of the body so how can they be affected differently?
One might perhaps argue that ghetto kids improve their cerebellum and not their cortex because they do a lot of leaping about (do they?) and not much talking but then we have to ask why is that. Verbal ability and intelligence are intimately related so is intelligence not important for survival? Given the great need for "street smarts" in the ghetto, one would think that intelligence was very important in the ghetto so how come it is not selected for there? How come the cortex is not trained too? How come blacks are not geniuses with words? And I know a lot of very restless and very active Dutchmen and Germans who almost never seem to sit still but I cannot think of any sport dominated by blacks where Germans and Dutchmen are also prominent. Blacks just wouldn't be genetically different, would they?
Posted by John Ray
Post a Comment
All comments containing Chinese characters will not be published as I do not understand them
|
<urn:uuid:ef4c74a4-c07c-41cf-8dbf-43281040bfca>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://awesternheart.blogspot.com/2007/12/some-rather-nutty-but-very-correct.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948932.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329023546-20230329053546-00552.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973687 | 678 | 2.59375 | 3 |
As a special forming technology, pressure casting has been widely used in many industries and fields, especially for the mass production of automobiles, motorcycles, internal combustion engines, electronics, instrumentation and aerospace industries.
Quality defects of aluminum alloy die-casting parts
It refers to the holes and holes of different sizes appearing inside or on the surface of the die-casting aluminum parts. It has a smooth surface and is mostly round in shape. The generation of pores can lead to insufficient hardness of the die casting and affect the appearance of the surface.
There are many bolt holes, oil holes and various mounting holes on the die-cast aluminum alloy box, which directly affects the assembly quality and performance of the engine, and the quality of the die casting process needs to be strictly controlled.
When aluminum alloy is smelted, it is often found that a solid compound composed of heavy elements is deposited on a hearth, and such deposits are generally called slag. It is mainly composed of crystal grains of compounds containing aluminum, silicon and a large amount of iron, manganese, chromium, etc. at a certain temperature, and is pressed into the casting to form inclusions. These grains have a high melting point and a large specific gravity so that they are deposited on the hearth. Slag deposition can have detrimental consequences, such as the formation of hard spots in the die-casting aluminum tee to increase the moldability of the alloy and reduce the fluidity of the alloy. The slag formed by heavy metals is removed, and the main source of the other inclusions is oxide, which can be divided into primary oxides and secondary oxides.
3, shrinkage hole
It refers to the irregular shape of the hole in the thick section of the die casting, and the inner wall of the hole is rough. It can even lead to localized honeycomb structure in the die casting, which affects the strength of the casting. The product processing face is exposed. The outer surface of the die-cast aluminum alloy product has a relatively dense structure, and some small holes appear inside the workpiece due to the shrinkage phenomenon. If the processing amount exceeds the thickness of the dense layer, the hole will increase significantly.
The base of the aluminum alloy die-casting part is broken or broken, forming an elongated slit (up to 5Omm in length, irregular shape such as linear or wavy pattern, and has a tendency to extend under the action of external force. This defect is called crack.
Causes: The alloy composition is abnormal, the moldability is improved, and the crack is severely cracked when the alloy is ejected. Under the premise that the alloy composition is constant, the crack is generated in the higher temperature state, and the surrounding tissue is obviously shrunk loose phenomenon.
The surface of the casting along the mold opening direction is a line-like scratch, with a certain depth. In severe cases, it is a strain on the whole surface; the molten metal adheres to the surface of the mold, resulting in a lack of material on the surface of the aluminum pump housing.
Cause: The surface of the mold cavity is damaged; the direction of the mold is not inclined or the slope is too small; the ejection is unbalanced; the mold is loose; the casting temperature is too high or too low, the mold temperature is too high, causing the alloy liquid to adhere; The effect of the agent is not good; the iron content of the aluminum alloy component is less than 0.8%.
|
<urn:uuid:936fe146-6abe-4a66-82c4-36a3b60f531f>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://www.aluminumcastingiron.com/news/what-are-the-quality-defects-of-aluminum-alloy-die-cast-parts.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371886991.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20200410043735-20200410074235-00190.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932658 | 716 | 2.875 | 3 |
23 March 2019
Understanding early gene expression in zebrafish embryos is a prerequisite for developmental biology research. In this study, 1,629,447 polymerase reads were obtained from the unfertilized eggs of zebrafish via full-length transcriptome sequencing using the PacBio RS II platform first. Then, 102,920 unique isoforms were obtained by correction, clustering and comparison with the zebrafish genome. 12,782 genes in the genome were captured, accounting for 39.71% of the all annotated genes. Approximately 62.27% of the 12,782 genes have been alternatively spliced. GO and KEGG annotations revealed that the unfertilized eggs primarily stored genes that participate in RNA processing and nuclear protein complex composition. According to this PacBio data that aligned with the genome, 3,970 fusion genes, 819 ncRNAs, and 84 new transcripts were predicted. Illumina RNA-seq and RT-qPCR detection found that the expression of two new transcripts, PB.5289.1 and PB.10209.1, were significantly up-regulated at the 2-cell stage and down-regulated rapidly thereafter, suggesting their involvement in minor ZGA during early embryonic development. This study indicated that the unfertilized eggs of zebrafish may have retained genes directly related to cell division and development to initiate the subsequent development in a limited space and time. On the other hand, NTRs or new transcriptome regions in the genome were discovered, which provided new clues regarding ZGA of MZT during early embryonic development in fish.
|
<urn:uuid:4a54e300-3430-4099-8055-e7ebb3148559>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://www.scienceopen.com/document?vid=3e45800c-dc21-4255-b731-3f1430b80137
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657151761.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20200714212401-20200715002401-00236.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951533 | 325 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Sanskrit Question Paper Class 5
Students can refer to the below Class 5 Punjabi Question Paper designed to help students understand the pattern of questions that will be asked in Grade 5 exams. Please download CBSE Class 5 Sanskrit Question Paper Set A
Sanskrit Class 5 Question Paper
CBSE Class 5 Sanskrit Question Paper Set A. You can download the past year question papers in pdf format with solutions from the links below. The students should practice the question papers of last year which will help them to understand the pattern on the papers and will help them to practice for the exams. You can download the question papers for last 10 years free by clicking links below. Refer to the extract below and download the full pdf file of question papers below.
Please click the link below to download the full pdf file for CBSE Class 5 Sanskrit Question Paper Set A.
|
<urn:uuid:6ebf9df9-373a-4fe0-9d51-3874bdefa698>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://www.studiestoday.com/question-paper-sanskrit-cbse-class-5-sanskrit-question-paper-set-239728.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943845.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322145537-20230322175537-00219.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.918691 | 173 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The new Eurasian Plate seaway is anticipated to run just to the east of the Iran border, going up through western Pakistan and Afghanistan and thence round along the eastern borders of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan where the lowlands are skirting the foothills of the Himalayas. It cannot run up through Karachi as Pakistan runs into the Himalayas and there are rock bonds that will not pull apart. Yet rip it must as the Eurasian Plate has lost any friction preventing movement where the African Plate formerly snugged up against it through the Mediterranean and down through the Red Sea. The Atlantic Rift has pulled apart, pulling the great Eurasian Plate to the west. To the east, where the Himalayas are glued to the Indo-Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate, there is glue and resistance to move. Thus, moving in the direction of least resistance, the Eurasian Plate rips through the lowlands skirting along the highlands, a stretch zone adjustment that is silent and only deadly to those directly above the point of tear. This has happened before to the great Eurasian Plate, as the lowlands through his middle attest.
ZetaTalk December 11, 2007
|
<urn:uuid:f0da5538-9c87-4f8e-b0e8-c629811e48d3>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.zetatalk4.com/info/tinfx360.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163052216/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131732-00094-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952939 | 238 | 2.734375 | 3 |
BEE POLLEN is the most complete, concentrated food found in nature and is an all natural source of vitamins, minerals and amino acids. The nutritive, detoxifying, and healing properties of BEE POLLEN has been recognized for years. Use BEE POLLEN to boost the immune system and help prevent disease.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE:
Feed to young and adult birds daily year round. Sprinkle one teaspoon of BEE POLLEN over one cup of fruits, vegetables, soaked seed or softfood or offer as a free choice in a treat cup.
Keep container closed before and after use. This product is free of pesticides. Store in a cool, dry place. Freeze or refrigerate if storing longer than three weeks.
BEE POLLEN contains every known vitamin, up to 40% protein, and a full spectrum of amino acids. It contains over 25 trace minerals including every essential mineral, 2-3 grams of essential fatty acids per ounce (Omega 3, linolec [Omega 6], monosaturated and saturated fatty acids), numerous active enzymes, coenzymes, and is rich in bioflavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols.
Because BEE POLLEN is a natural substance, the exact profile is variable depending upon plant sources and growing conditions.
Comes in a 3oz bag.
Manufactured by Morning Bird Products.?
|
<urn:uuid:b5c4e326-d34f-405b-ac5f-b40684a4216f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
http://featheredaddictions.com/Bee-Pollen--Whole--3oz--Morning-Bird-Products_p_5953.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804610.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20171118040756-20171118060756-00311.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.898371 | 292 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Better Yields Through Science
Hazelnut Diseases & Pests
|Disease||Symptoms, Life-cycle and pest management|
|Filbert Bud Mite||Scientific Name: Phytocoptella avellanae
The filbert bud mite is a very small eriophyid mite that feeds on and within leaf and flower buds and catkins (male flowers) Feeding causes buds to swell to larger than normal size (hence the nickname “big bud mite”), and infested buds do not produce nuts. Cecidophyopsis vermiformis is another eriophyid mite also found in hazelnut orchards. Cecidophyopsis vermiformis feed in the enlarged buds created by the filbert bud mite; while their feeding does not cause big bud symptoms, it does cause further damage to the bud and, subsequently, yield loss. Mite activity can be monitored by placing a sticky substance (Tanglefoot or sticky tape) on twigs above and below buds that have evidence of mite infestation. Best control is achieved by applying treatments in the early spring when adult mites become active and are moving about the tree.
The big bud mite (also known as filbert bud mite and hazelnut gall mite), Phytoptus avellanae, is known to be a problem in most of the major hazelnut production areas around the world. This mite has long been associated with the formation of excessive large buds in hazelnuts.
Specific plant damage is indicated by enlarged buds whereby infested terminal buds become swollen and deformed. Bud deformation also occurs in which the development of leaves, blossoms and fruits are affected.
Big bud mite infestation first becomes obvious during late summer and early autumn. Affected buds become spherical and swell to several times their normal size, reaching about 10 mm in diameter. These buds are prone to desiccation and fall from the tree prematurely). The big bud mite can affect both the vegetative and flower buds of hazelnut trees.
Big bud mites living within buds are protected from adverse conditions during the cold months of winter. However, they are subject to desiccation by warm, dry air when they start to migrate to new leaf buds during spring.
|
<urn:uuid:51787cde-9f37-4ec7-8c81-b417462875d8>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://orcalinc.com/hazelnut-diseases-pests
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948708.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327220742-20230328010742-00758.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936331 | 483 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Yesler Terrace is Seattle's oldest public housing project. It was revolutionary when it was completed in 1940. In the near future, though, it will be completely demolished.
In its place will sprout a series of high rise towers with a limited number of low-income housing units alongside up to 4,000 market-rate private housing units, offices, retail and commercial spaces. The ultimate goal, says the Seattle Housing Authority, is to create a sustainable, healthy, mixed-income neighborhood.
It's a radical plan, controversial, and every bit as transformational as that which gave rise to Yesler Terrace in 1940.
A Quiet Revolutionary
Yesler Terrace came into being thanks to a lucky confluence of national politics, local need and individual vision. The national influence took the shape of the Federal Housing Authority, established in 1937 with a mandate to supervise slum clearance across a nation still struggling under the weight of the Great Depression.
The local need was evident in the substandard housing revealed in the report written by Seattle's newly minted Housing Authority in 1940. At the time of its publication, it found upwards of one in four families in Seattle living in housing that was unsanitary or unsafe.
And the individual vision? That was the gift of the first executive director of the Housing Authority of the city of Seattle, Jesse Epstein.
Jesse Epstein hailed from Montana, a political scientist who studied constitutional and administrative law at the University of Washington in the 1930s. But he wasn't purely an academic; he was a self-confessed liberal who wanted his work to have traction in the outside world. As he began working for the Washington State Research Council, he was engaged in keeping cities abreast of the opportunities arising from the New Deal. When the Federal Housing Authority came into being in 1937, Epstein was ideally placed to make the most of it. He sensed an opportunity was at hand: to use hard facts and objective research to shape public policy and directly improve the lives of the Seattle's poorest residents.
Tom Phillips was a youngster when he first met Jesse Epstein, and they stayed close friends until Epstein's death in 1989. “Jess was my mentor,” he says. A man fascinated by the world, engaged in civic life and an ardent liberal. So for him, slum housing was a problem government action could help solve.
I asked Tom Phillips how Jesse Epstein managed to actually make it happen in Seattle, a city not known for fleet-footed decision making.
“He had a plan and he was a very friendly guy,” says Phillips. “And a very personable guy with really good social skills. And so I'm not sure if he wore it on his sleeve, what his plan was, but he did have friends and they were willing to be supportive of what he was doing — even though it was very controversial, what he was doing.”
The Thin End Of The Wedge
“I think the unease was not unlike the unease about Obamacare today,” Quintard Taylor told me. He's the Scott and Dorothy Bullitt professor of history at the University of Washington. “That public housing was new, it was considered radical, it was considered different. In some circles it was considered communistic. There were those who said the federal government has no business being involved in the housing business. And there were concerns I think — major concerns — about where this path would lead. That there would probably be federal involvement in other areas. And so there was a significant minority — and I want to emphasize minority — there was a significant minority that didn't like the idea of public housing.”
Epstein was tireless in his advocacy of public housing, though, meeting the doubters wherever and whenever the opportunity arose, cajoling and charming and reassuring them that public housing wasn't backdoor Bolshevism. At the same time, he knew he had to move fast: the federal government had money available, but it was already being disbursed across the country. If Seattle was to benefit from it, the city had to get a move on.
Enter the mayor of Seattle at the time, Mayor Langlie. Described by historian Roger Sale as “a progressive downtown Republican,” Langlie was a sympathetic ally for Epstein as he lobbied the city to create a Housing Authority — a body that would apply for federal money, and spend it once they got it.
On April 20 1938, the council passed a resolution articulating the hope that “an expression of intention by the city of Seattle will lead to an earmarking of funds for Seattle.” Basically, “We promise we'll form a housing authority. Can we please have some money before it all runs out?”
The reply came back a week later from the US Housing Authority: “We shall be glad to give you such assistance as we can in order to accelerate your low-rent housing and slum clearance program.”
The assistance took the form of $3 million.
The Housing Authority of the city of Seattle came into being through a somewhat labyrinthine process and initially was sheltered under the eaves of the city. It was kind of semi-detached, with Jesse Epstein as the first executive director. His task now was to go about spending that $3 million on a public housing community unlike almost any other in the country: a community that would be racially integrated.
“We have an opportunity to prove that Negroes and whites can live side by side in harmony”
To those who were feeling queasy about government involvement in the housing business, Jesse Epstein's ambitious vision would pile anxiety upon anxiety. Says Quintard Taylor, “There were those who said, if public housing is going to be integrated then that may lead to the integration of residential neighborhoods and schools and the like. And of course that was problematic for a lot of people in Seattle and across the nation.”
According to Irene Burns Miller who worked at the Housing Authority and captured the genesis of Yesler Terrace in her book “Profanity Hill,” Epstein said in a staff meeting in 1940: "We have an opportunity to prove that Negroes and whites can live side by side in harmony … but it's going to require skill and patience to make it work."
A staff member, Ray Adams, then asked Epstein "Will you set up a quota to keep Yesler Terrace from becoming a ghetto?" "Let's avoid the ugly word 'quota,' Ray," Epstein replied. "But we must limit the number of Negroes if we are to achieve integration. Keep in mind that we are determined on that. Coloreds and whites will live side by side; this in itself is revolutionary."
Ugly word or not, the quota for families of color was 20 percent. At the same time, though, there were other housing projects built by the Housing Authority that weren't integrated because the surrounding communities were resolutely white. And so, you get the feeling that Jesse Epstein thought of Yesler Terrace as a small beginning, and that maybe this part of Seattle was fertile ground for it because it was already more diverse than other parts of town, with Fillipino, Chinese, Japanese, African-American and Native Americans all living here.
“Yesler Terrace was a grand experiment”
In a council meeting a few weeks back, I was talking to a current resident of Yesler Terrace. I was telling her I'm doing a radio story and she said, “Oh, so you're here to write the epitaph?” Which got me thinking about how you would measure the success of Epstein's project. As a community, going by the testimonies of people who've lived there over the years, Yesler Terrace has really worked. But what about its place in Seattle's racial history?
It was a worthy effort, it was a grand experiment, and one wishes that the results had turned out differently, that Yesler Terrace would have been a model for integration in Seattle. But the facts are that ultimately Seattle didn't really integrate its housing until the late 1960s, early 1970s, which was 30 years after Yesler Terrace was initially integrated. And by the 1960s, I'm not so sure Yesler Terrace itself remained integrated.
— Quintard Taylor
The population of Yesler Terrace now is incredibly diverse. But the people there face many of the same problems the first tenants of Yesler Terrace faced: making ends meet, finding work, and getting access to educational opportunities. The kinds of difficulties Jesse Epstein believed could be alleviated by projects like Yesler Terrace. As he said on a radio broadcast on KIRO in 1940:
Our job of education is only half finished if we do not give a guarantee of wholesome living to go with mental training ... Public housing, providing low rents for low-income families, has at last arrived. It is up to future generations to see that it stays.
In the next story of our series, relocation in 1940, and relocation in 2012.
Footage of slum clearance and construction of Yesler Terrace, produced by Seattle's Housing Authority in 1949 (no audio):
Funding for this story was provided by the KUOW Program Venture Fund. Contributors include Paul and Laurie Ahern, the KUOW Board of Directors and Listener Subscribers.
|
<urn:uuid:6421cbbd-eb9a-450b-97aa-101db38e6c60>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
http://kuow.org/post/radical-roots-yesler-terrace
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187822488.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017200905-20171017220905-00859.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.98322 | 1,935 | 2.9375 | 3 |
A country’s economy is depending on many factors such as supply chain, digital technology, manufacturing products. To maintain such an economy-based factor, it is important to focus on necessary data. Among all factors, production or manufacturing work plays an important role to increase the GDP. The fact is that to maintain the manufacturing work needs prediction process and to acquire such prediction work need the machine learning. Machine learning is also a part of data science. The best example is that the COVID-19
. Due to such virus, the manufacturing industries lacked a lot. Hence to improve such production work under the cases of COVID-19, using the prediction option with necessary data makes sense. This blog will help to acknowledge the future of production work with the help of the data science field.
To improve the attention on products, it’s important to focus on the work that is going on to develop the product. Many companies are used to focus on production control by taking the chance of using PLC machines, embedded control but the fact is that there might be the chance of miss use the work hence to avoid such careless mistakes, the human will be helpful but it impossible to take charge by such humans with entire concentration hence to avoid such action, using the option of AI will be helpful. AI helps to automate the work without the help of any third-person. The advantage to use the data science is that it offers the option of prediction to develop or manufacture the product. Many companies in the future will be lead by this option to develop their business effectively.
Protect the Sensor
In many cases, the machines of manufacturing work might get into collapse due to improper data because data plays an important role in terms of controlling the machine. A manufacturing company works with machines and such machines are designed with various aspects of rules and values hence to manage such actions require a suitable option of attention. To manage such attention, using the data science skills will help the industry to work with necessary results. For example, a well-connected machine runs with various sensors and such sensor carries various values. And there will be an additional person to take care of such machines control but by mistaken the employee is made to use the sensors without looking at the value propagation will destroy the entire product as an outcome.
Approval of Logistic
Logistics is consumed to be an important part. Many companies are used to focus on logistics due to the improvement of results. And also companies have started to use the machine learning process to improve the attention of product listings. Attention on the product with proper arrangement of reach requires proper prediction with data hence to maintain such data also needs the proper flow of the software. This can achieve by using the option of data science. Data science is a field that makes to analyze the option of business with effective attention. Top companies are started to offer service on tracking the logistic function. Such work will help the situation of developing the demand attention easily. Hence the benefit of the logistic option will also increase.
Most of the company is used to focus on various aspects such as software, management of production work; etc hence to manage such action requires proper logic. Companies are used to focus on software prospects a lot. Thus to improve the option of software can use the AI features. AI features will help in terms of managing the option of system with proper looks because such feature helps the system to categorize the business effectively. Many companies are used to fetch the data with necessary software integration. Hence to avoid the software integration problem can make use of AI options. Thus to increase the views and develop the system with the necessary attention will make the chance to develop the application with proper results. Using the necessary options to make attention will create a proper attention and products. Thus make sure to know the necessary flows and product data. It helps the situation of business effectively.
is necessary for every works. Hence to maintain the work, it is important to focus on predictive analysis. Predictive analysis helps the situation of developing the business effectively. To maintain the predictive analysis, using the option of machine learning can increase the rate of improvement with necessary product solutions. Machine learning deals with the algorithm development. A proper algorithm can help the chance to improve the development process with necessary results. Hence many companies in the future will help to get into the chance of approaching the system of prediction easily. Thus the results will enhance a lot.
The quality of the product depends on many options. It has to look with the necessary views and proper work. Hence to maintain the quality of the product will help in terms of proper attention. It requires the part of the system. A proper system will enhance the logic with proper results. To manage the quality of the product will lie in many situations in the system. To increase the quality, many companies are used to focus on various options to test but sometimes, there might be a chance to miss-lead the product quality hence to maintain such effect using the option of AI will be helpful a lot.
Production management requires proper focus hence to maintain such activity must depend on many factors. By considering the production management will help in terms of increasing the benefits and also the results. Many companies are stated to use the option of AI. Using the data science method with necessary views will help in terms of many options. Hence the reputation of the business will also increase and also help to improve the achievement easily. I hope the above points will help a lot to acknowledge in terms of data science.
|
<urn:uuid:af9ccde6-eaba-42b2-8719-c8207d66219f>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.hdatasystems.com/blog/future-of-production-management-depends-on-data-science
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506421.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922170343-20230922200343-00509.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.938131 | 1,127 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Chances of getting pregnant while on your period vary greatly depending on where you are in your cycle. Menstrual cycles vary in length and can fluctuate from month to month. Eating healthy, maintaining a healthy weight and being regular with your method of birth control like a condom or diaphragm will go a long way in preventing for getting pregnant when on your period.
Is It Possible to Get Pregnant If You’re On Your Period?
There are many myths out there about pregnancy and periods. Can you get pregnant if you have sex during your period? The short answer is yes, it is possible. While the chances of getting pregnant when you’re on your period are lower than at other times during your cycle, it is still possible to conceive.
So how does this work? Well, unlike what you may have heard, you can’t actually ovulate while you’re on your period. However, sperm can live inside the female body for up to five days. So, if you have sex near the end of your period and then ovulate a few days later, it’s possible that the sperm will still be alive and able to fertilize an egg.
Of course, there are other factors that affect fertility, such as age and overall health. But if you’re wondering if it’s possible to get pregnant when you’re on your period, the answer is yes.
What Causes a Spot After Ovulating?
There are a few possible causes of bleeding during or after ovulation. One is the implantation of the egg into the lining of the uterus. This can happen six to 12 days after ovulation and is often accompanied by other symptoms like cramping and spotting. Another possibility is a condition called cervical ectropion, which is when the cells lining the cervix are abnormal. This can also cause spotting and bleeding. Lastly, some women experience what’s known as breakthrough bleeding, which is when they have bleeding in between their regular periods. Breakthrough bleeding is usually caused by hormonal imbalances.
When Can You Get Pregnant Over the Counter Medications?
If you’re trying to get pregnant, you might be wondering if there’s any truth to the old wives’ tale that you can’t get pregnant while on your period. While it is unlikely that you will conceive while on your period, it is still possible. The chances of getting pregnant when on your period are very low, but not impossible. If you’re having unprotected sex, there is always a chance of pregnancy, no matter what time of the month it is. However, the likelihood of becoming pregnant when on your period is lower than at other times during your cycle.
There are a few reasons for this. First, during your period, your cervix is lower in the vagina and more closed than at other times of the month. This makes it harder for sperm to travel through the cervix and into the uterus. Second, there is less ovulation during menstruation. This means that there are fewer eggs available for fertilization. Finally, the menstrual flow itself acts as a barrier to sperm.
Despite all of these factors, it is still possible to get pregnant while on your period. If you have sex near the end of your period and ovulate early, the sperm may still be alive when the
Last Chance To Avoid Getting Pregnant
It’s a common myth that you can’t get pregnant if you have sex during your period. While it is true that the chances of getting pregnant are lower during this time, there is still a chance. This is because the egg can be released early and still be fertilized. If you don’t want to get pregnant, then it’s important to use birth control every time you have sex, even during your period.
|
<urn:uuid:11bca326-505f-492b-b411-f9c78c12cef6>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://opo.life/chances-of-getting-pregnant-when-on-your-period/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644574.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230529010218-20230529040218-00369.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959591 | 797 | 2.625 | 3 |
Award Winning Artist Ruth Elliott created these Posters of the 4 BUILDING BLOCKS of CHARACTER to remind kids of the life giving foundations these essential character traits make in our lives. Watch the video and keep reading below, to download them for FREE!
The Four Building Blocks of Character can be boiled down to these:
BUILDING BLOCK # 1– We learn to ASK or ADMIT
When we learn to say, “PLEASE?” we ASK. In ASKING, we ADMIT our need for others! From the moment we were born we began asking – crying – for our needs to be met. The very fact of our existence is proof that someone answered that cry – cared about us enough to nurture, feed and protect us – or we wouldn’t be here. Sometimes we hate to admit we need other people. But relationships are the stuff of life! We ALL need each other, so it’s OK to ASK. Hopefully we learn to ask POLITELY!
PLEASE – teach kids to say PLEASE!
BUILDING BLOCK # 2 – We learn to THANK!
When we realize we need others, we begin to be THANKFUL for what has been given us. We wouldn’t have anything, not even life itself, if it had not been first been GIVEN TO us!
THANK YOU for teaching kids to say“THANK YOU!”
BUILDING BLOCK # 3 – We learn to APOLOGIZE
Being human we all make mistakes. To APOLOGIZE requires humbling ourselves and ADMITTING we are not perfect. We can never grow further in our character until we can learn to say, “I’m Sorry.” (See my little story ‘THE LAND of I’M SORRY’!)
BUILDING BLOCK # 4 – We learn to FORGIVE
After we admit we are not perfect, we can then say, “I FORGIVE YOU”, knowing that we also need forgiveness. How else can we get along in this world?
The habits we learn as children will stay with us a lifetime.
Giving kids THE FOUR BUILDING BLOCKS OF CHARACTER will lay the foundation of a good life.
How many gang wars, world wars, marriage conflicts and sibling rivalries would be avoided if people just learned these four things:
ADMIT we need each other,
APOLOGIZE for our mistakes, and
FORGIVE one another!
“Habits are actions built up strong and tall.
Like bricks laid together to form a high wall.
When once they are built it is so hard to break them,
you’d better be careful about how you MAKE them!”
– Mr. Stevens (My son’s 5th Gr. teacher)
Kids and Parents need all the help they can get.
As an all volunteer non-profit, we need YOUR help to do that!
|
<urn:uuid:a1216a53-22cd-4afd-b899-ac8e6d9a7cdd>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
http://www.edudesigns.org/blog/category/character-development/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657170639.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20200715164155-20200715194155-00318.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.927596 | 632 | 2.828125 | 3 |
When a 42-year-man arrived in a Camden, N.J. emergency room with an irregular heartbeat recently, physicians were unsure whether they could use a defibrillator to shock his heart back into a normal rhythm.
Defibrillators can cause blood clots to be released if they caused the irregular heart rate, but can stop clots from forming by producing a normal rhythm.
Doctors noticed the patient, who had a history of seizures, was wearing a Fitbit that tracked his pulse rate and recorded it through a smartphone application. So they used the wearable to determine that irregular heart beat coincided with a grand mal seizure that had been witnessed three hours earlier.
That information allowed the doctors to administer a shock to the man's heart without the risk of releasing a clot that could have killed him.
"To our knowledge, this is the first report to use the information in an activity tracker-smartphone system to assist in specific medical decision making," the doctors said in a research paper published in the Annals of Emergency Medicine.
The story, first reported by medGadget.com, is an example of how the increased use of health-tracking devices "has the potential to provide clinicians with objective clinical information before the actual patient encounter.
"Not all activity trackers measure pulse rates, but this is the function of most value to medical providers," the research paper said.
The FitBit Charge HR, worn by the patient at the time of his seizure, determines pulse rate through a pulsed light-emitting diode and a light-sensing photodiode to measure light reflected from blood in capillaries. That data allows the Fitbit to detect alterations in capillary blood volume, and a computer algorithm then filters out noise and calculates an accurate pulse rate.
According to the researchers, any number of symptoms resolve themselves before a patient gets to a doctor or ER: Syncope, palpitations, dizziness, and even chest pain are all frequently self-limited complaints, leaving healthcare professionals with limited information on which to base a diagnosis.
"In many instances, knowledge of the patient's pulse rate at the event could help in establishing a firmer diagnosis," the research paper said. "These devices could also be used to establish the time when detection of pulse activity was lost, which might help to identify patients for whom resuscitative efforts might be futile."
|
<urn:uuid:be9a7711-f79f-4a92-a075-1bbd9c36db09>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/597946/fitbit-likely-helped-doctors-save-man-life/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320070.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170623151757-20170623171757-00176.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952339 | 485 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Hof Palace’s glory days in the time of Prince Eugene and Maria Theresa were followed by centuries in which the Palace was neglected and allowed to gradually decline. In the end this meant the decay of architectural substance and the loss of the formerly magnificent gardens. The restoration of Hof Palace was a huge undertaking, which began in 2003. By 2005 it had largely been completed following two years of passionate endeavour in cooperation with several hundred experts and skilled craftsmen.
Traditional handicraft techniques turning old into new
The goal was to create the maximum possible authenticity, and not only with respect to appearance. Wherever possible and practical, the same materials and traditional handicraft techniques were selected that had been used during the Baroque period. For example, the façade was not covered with modern exterior stucco but with a slaked-lime mixture commonly used in buildings of this kind in the 18th century. The colour and texture were chosen to match the Baroque original as determined by examination of the remaining original surface material.
Similarly meticulous work went into the restoration of the paths. The asphalt put down in later years was removed and replaced by the typical water-bound material of the Baroque period.
Garden archaeology to reconstruct the Baroque flora
The garden was returned to its original state to the greatest possible extent on the basis of archaeological excavation, old pictures and documents combined with the specialist knowledge of garden archaeologists. The most recent changes have been the restoration of the large fountain on the seventh terrace of the Baroque Garden, returning this dimension to the artistically designed garden for the first time in centuries.
|
<urn:uuid:e80ea678-a863-4702-85d9-bd57b642b32f>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://schlosshof.at/cms-en/index.php?page=das-werden-der-schoenheit
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705884968/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516120444-00085-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971101 | 330 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Year 4 Guided Reading Examples
In Year 4, children have a dedicated reading comprehension skill lesson for 30 minutes, four times a week. During this time, children are explicitly taught the skills of retrieval, inference and deduction, predictions, how to analyse word choices and comprehend new vocabulary, discuss author's choices, summarise texts and compare and contrast extracts. The texts chosen will begin to increase in complexity, and the questions asked will further build upon the skills which the children have developed whilst in Year 3.
The vast majority of our children will leave Key Stage One as fluent word readers who have a sound grasp of phonics and decoding. Those who need additional revision of the Year 2 objectives, will receive Read Write Inc. intervention to enable them to quickly access the whole class reading in due course.
Each week, we choose a high quality text or extract as our study focus. These are carefully selected from a range of resources including whole class texts, Reading Explorers, Reading Detectives and the teacher's own interests and choices. A wide range of genres is carefully selected to include contemporary fiction, well-loved authors and the classics, through to poetry, information texts, instructions, persuasion and other non-fiction texts types.
|
<urn:uuid:8a3c9edb-e6f6-4804-9b3d-77dc5cc69ae5>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.st-patricksstafford.com/year-4-guided-reading-examples/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224649302.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603165228-20230603195228-00772.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.93543 | 247 | 4.09375 | 4 |
Occupational therapy is a part of life for many special needs families. Some children begin working with these therapists before they ever head to school while others do not get help until the elementary years or beyond. As a parent, your approach to occupational therapy and the level of importance you place on these sessions can impact the way that your child responds to therapy. Use these tips to make sure that these scheduled times are helpful and fulfilling for all.
Occupational therapy is not just for those children who have major issues with gross motor movements. Instead, it can help numerous children, including those with ADHD, autism, sensory issues, and organizational struggles. Seeing your child struggle with the following tasks could mean that a consultation with an occupational therapist may be in order.
If your child has an IEP, he or she should be able to receive occupational therapy free through the school district as required by law. However, this therapy will need to be noted in the IEP. If your child does not yet have an IEP, but you believe occupational therapy may be helpful, you can request a free evaluation through the school district. The school district may agree to one of the following types of services.
No matter how high quality the therapy is that your child is receiving, it simply will not compare to the assistance that he can also receive at home. Ask the occupational therapist what you can be doing to cement these practices in your child’s mind. Constant practice at home can especially help children who have problems with fine or gross motor skills. As usual, be sure to keep practice times fun and playful.
|
<urn:uuid:609e9753-290d-4d14-928d-be729a3c8e78>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://navlaw.net/tips-for-working-with-occupational-therapists
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655912255.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20200710210528-20200711000528-00525.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96708 | 321 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Sports Injury Research
Evert Verhagen, Willem van Mechelen
OUP Oxford, 2010 - Medical - 243 pages
With the increasing focus on tackling obesity and other lifestyle-related illnesses and conditions, participation in sports and physical activity is growing. The consequences are that injuries and unwanted side-effects of healthy activity are becoming major health problems. Prevention is crucial to health gain, both in the short-term (preventing immediate injury), and in the longer term (reducing the risk of recurrence and prolonged periods of impairment). Prevention follows 4 main steps: 1) the sports injury problem must be described in incidence and severity, 2) the etiological risk factors and mechanisms underlying the occurrence of injury are identified, 3) preventive methods that are likely to work can be developed and introduced, and 4) the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such measures are evaluated. This book follows these four steps to provide a comprehensive guide to the epidemiology and methodology involved in sports injury research. It includes detailed background on epidemiological methods employed in research on sports injuries, discusses key methodological issues, and teaches the reader to recognize the influence of the employed methodology on interpretations of study results. Theoretical knowledge is integrated with practical examples throughout. The book will be of value to all researchers and professionals, both clinicians and epidemiologists, in the field of sports medicine.
What people are saying - Write a review
We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.
Other editions - View all
aetiology ankle sprain anterior cruciate ligament approach appropriate assess associated athletes Bahr behaviour bias biomechanical calculate case-control study causal chapter Clin J Sport clinical trial clubs cluster coaches cohort study compared confidence interval confounding considered context control group cost-effectiveness costs covariate cruciate ligament defined developed ecological economic evaluation effect estimate example exposure football hazard ratio health-care identified implementation incidence individual injury prevention injury rates injury risk injury surveillance intervention group intervention package logistic regression mechanisms of injury Meeuwisse methods odds ratio Output p-value participants Poisson regression population potential preventive measures previous injury programme proprioception randomized controlled trial rate ratio regression analysis relative risk relevant research question risk difference risk factors rugby union sample soccer players specific sports body sports injuries sports medicine sports-injury preventive sports-injury research standard statistical strategies study design systematic reviews Table target validity
|
<urn:uuid:3add8a9c-61d5-4c84-a1fc-c36721bd6a8c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
https://books.google.com/books?id=g5Wn9V3K8wIC&source=gbs_similarbooks_r&hl=en
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824226.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020154441-20171020174441-00838.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.898567 | 477 | 2.59375 | 3 |
- Negaunee Miners
- Shopping Show
Breathing properly is fundamental to good health, and you shouldn’t take your respiratory system for granted, especially if you live in a big city. In addition to prudent supplementation and a diet rich in beta carotene and other antioxidants, simple lifestyle steps can help promote healthy lungs for a lifetime.
Don’t smoke. Tobacco addiction is the single greatest cause of preventable illness, greatly increasing the risks of developing lung cancer and respiratory diseases.
Get regular exercise. It helps promote healthy lung function and optimal oxygen delivery throughout the body.
Avoid exposure to environmental air pollutants. High ozone levels, smog, car exhaust, asbestos and metal dusts are unhealthy for lungs and can lead to lung disease. Use a HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filter to reduce exposure to smoke and smog, and wear a protective mask when you are in close proximity to lung irritants such as drywall dust or fiberglass insulation fibers.
Limit exposure to toxic household cleaners. Chlorine bleach, petroleum distillates, ammonia, formaldehyde and nitrobenzene can harm the lungs. Use safer alternatives for cleaning such as baking soda, lemon juice, and vinegar.
It is also prudent to practice deep breathing exercises to increase lung capacity, improve respiratory efficiency, and promote general relaxation, as well as to maintain a normal weight: excess pounds tax both the heart and lungs. If you’re overweight, you’re more likely to experience shortness of breath.
|
<urn:uuid:fe6500e8-5195-44dd-970a-6d4723c0ff0d>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://wkqsfm.com/featured/onair/deedee/17793/health-tip-dec-29-lung-cancer-part-2-simple-prevention-tips/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382398/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00002-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.889081 | 316 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Description - The Stuart Court Masque and Political Culture by Martin Butler
Court masques were multi-media entertainments, with song, dance, theatre, and changeable scenery, staged annually at the English court to celebrate the Stuart dynasty. They have typically been regarded as frivolous and expensive entertainments. This book dispels this notion, emphasizing instead that they were embedded in the politics of the moment, and spoke in complex ways to the different audiences who viewed them. Covering the whole period from Queen Anne's first masque at Winchester in 1603 to Salmacida Spolia in 1640, Butler looks in depth at the political functions of state festivity. The book contextualizes masque performances in intricate detail, and analyzes how they shaped, managed, and influenced the public face of the Stuart kingship. Butler presents the masques as a vehicle through which we can read the early Stuart court's political aspirations and the changing functions of royal culture in a period of often radical instability.
Buy The Stuart Court Masque and Political Culture by Martin Butler from Australia's Online Independent Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
(228mm x 152mm x 25mm)
Cambridge University Press
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Country of Publication:
Book Reviews - The Stuart Court Masque and Political Culture by Martin Butler
Author Biography - Martin Butler
Martin Butler is Professor of English Renaissance Drama at the University of Leeds.
|
<urn:uuid:e200d5e7-1a86-480e-a9cf-d020e1ac2dfe>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
https://www.boomerangbooks.com.au/book.cfm?isbn=9780521883542
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886104681.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170818140908-20170818160908-00242.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.90823 | 289 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Caution: The カタカナ language
When learning Japanese, one will come across カタカナ at some stage. This is a writing system with the sole purpose of identifying foreign words. Or at least, that is what it was supposed to be. However, as time went by, a wind of change came with it. Nowadays, カタカナ has turned into its own language. Yes, it really has. It has changed from チョコレート to リモコン to フリーター, and finally to ホワイト. Some words originally came from overseas; some words have been chopped short to simplify pronunciation; some words have been created by the Japanese society to represent foreign words; and some have been modified to better suit the Japanese way of pronunciation.
When learning Japanese, I want you to keep an eye out for the カタカナ words/language so that your learning experience will be as smooth and pleasant as possible. Let us take a look at the various types of words カタカナ has created.
Simple foreign words
This is the easiest and the most obvious type of カタカナ。
- アルコール (alcohol)
- コップ (cup)
- ショッピング (shopping)
- ビデオ (video)
Take note that the pronunciation can be different at times. When you say コップ in Japanese, the pronunciation is more of a ko sound rather than the ka sound. Also note the the ho sound is missing in アルコール. Another thing to note is the ending; it always ends with a vowel. Since Japanese alphabets always end with a vowel, it goes without saying for words as well.
Taking note of such subtle yet detectable differences is a step closer to understanding the Japanese カタカナ, which will be very helpful to you, as it has a large impact on our daily lives.
Shortened foreign words
These are hard to understand, and they can be alien to us unless we directly gain exposure to it.
- リモートコントロール ＝ リモコン (Remote Control)
- ママ、リモコンはどこ? (Hey Mom, where’s the remote?)
- ナビゲーション ＝ ナビ (Navigation)
- 最近のカーナビはとても便利だね！！(The car navigation systems are pretty handy nowadays!!)
- パーソナルコンピューター ＝ パソコン (Personal Computer = PC)
- パソコンでゲームしようぜ! (Let us play games on the computer!)
- スターバックス ＝ スタバ (Starbucks)
- スタバに行かない? (Why don’t we go to Starbucks?)
- スマートフォン ＝ スマホ (Smartphone)
- 新しいスマホを買ったんだ。(I bought a new smartphone you know)
As you can see, there are some shortened words that are used in English like the PC. However, when we get into territories of スタバ、, this can become a nightmare. The problem is not about the shortening of words, rather it is about what it could represent depending on the type of people you hang out with. Many Japanese people tend to chop down English words (even Japanese words) to convey thoughts quickly.
If you are affiliated with sports, you may hear a lot of スタメン スターティングメンバー (starting member). It could also mean スタミナメンテナンス (stamina maintenance). So please be careful.
Japan-made foreign words
Is such a thing possible!? Foreign words made in Japan? Yes, exactly, and it did not come from overseas. It is made to look and sound like a foreign word exclusively in Japan so it only has meanings in Japan. Let us take a look at some examples:
- アイス (It means ice cream, even though it is read as ice)
- 今日は暑いからアイス食べよう！(I will have an ice cream since it is so hot!)
- フリーター (This denotes a person who makes a living through part-time jobs)
- フリーターも歓迎です。(We also welcome unemployed personnel)
- ジーパン (This means Jeans (US) or Pants (UK), and as you can see, it is a hybridised word)
- そろそろ新しいジーパンを買わなきゃ。(I should get some new jeans/pants soon)
Sometimes foreign words can be written slightly differently, which means that there may be a slight variation when you read it. It sounds almost the same, however, and one may be preferred to the other depending on the person using it. I will highlight the ones I frequently use. But please feel free to use whichever suits you. Let us take a look at some examples.
- サンドイッチ = サンドウィッチ (Sandwich)
- このサンドイッチは美味しい！！(This sandwich is good!!)
- ダイアモンド = ダイヤモンド (Diamond)
- このダイヤ（ダイヤモンド）は美しい。(This diamond is gorgeous)
- ホワイト = ワイト (White)
- ホワイトチョコを作りたいな。(I want to make white chocolates)
- バイオリン = ブァイオリン (Violin)
- このバイオリンは古いです。(This violin is old)
- ペルシャ = ペルシヤ (Persia)
- ペルシア戦争はいつ起きましたか？(When did the Persian war take place?)
To conclude, Japanese people have been importing many foreign words since the Meiji era (before the 1900s). Some have remained similar while others have evolved over time. Overall, they sound different because the imported words have been forced to fit into the Japanese language. This has made it difficult for language learners to master the カタカナ language.
The best way to get used to this is to immerse yourself in the language. Note down the ways カタカナ can be used and keep an eye out for such uses. Gradually, you will start to understand how to utilize the カタカナ language.
Hero Image by author
|
<urn:uuid:f04747af-1bc2-49b9-9430-a3a066304732>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://www.italki.com/en/article/511/katakana%3A-a-language-on-its-own
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949097.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20230330035241-20230330065241-00574.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.850938 | 1,552 | 2.890625 | 3 |
How many legs??
Look at the slide show below which shows you lots of different creatures.
How many legs does each of them have?
Can you think of any other creatures that have 2 legs?
4 legs? 6 legs? 8 legs? Lots of legs?!!
Do you have any plastic animals or pictures of animals?
Can you sort them into groups by thinking about how many legs they have?
|
<urn:uuid:c568f9a5-1e47-4fae-b170-ee1ef674fc36>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-34
|
https://www.hettslane.com/understanding-the-world-1/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439739073.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20200813191256-20200813221256-00231.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969477 | 85 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Did you know that cyclists may actually experience the least exposure to air pollution compared with those who drive or ride the bus on their commute? A study from the University of Leeds found that cyclists got to their destination faster and were less likely to have to sit in clouds of pollution, breathing in cleaner air instead.
That is just one reason you should start riding your bike to work. Start with just one day a month, and work from there! You’ll find it’s good for your body, good for your mental health, and good for the environment.
It’s Good for Your Body
Riding a bike to work is a great use of your time. A study from the University of Copenhagen found that riding a bike can be just as effective for burning calories as working out in your free time. It’s a great solution if your busy schedule makes it hard to exercise but you have to go to work anyway.
While you’re burning those calories on your bike, you’ll receive a few more physical benefits, too. Cycling improves your cardiovascular health, lowers the risk of cancer, and lowers the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Overall, your entire body benefits from this switch to your commute.
It’s Good for Your Mental Health
Exercise can be great for mental health, helping your body release endorphins, which trigger a positive feeling and reduce your perception of pain. One study found that cycling, specifically, was associated with a 21.6 percent lower mental health burden. So if you’re looking for a way to clear your head, try cycling!
It’s Good for the Environment
The fuel required to keep a bike running is the fuel required to keep you running—no petroleum to see here! The US Environmental Protection Agency reported that transportation is the primary source of greenhouse gas emission, accounting for 28.2 percent. Try cycling to help reduce that number and keep the air clean.
Cycling may make it more likely that you’ll benefit from cleaner air on your daily commute. But the benefits don’t stop there! When you start cycling one day a month and increase your frequency from there, you’ll find it’s good for your body, good for your mental health, and good for the environment. Overall, it’s a good way to live happy!
|
<urn:uuid:1aa434ca-3793-4102-b1a1-21475c3a2cd0>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://californiapalmsapts.com/why-you-should-set-aside-one-day-each-month-to-bike-instead-of-drive/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224653071.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20230606182640-20230606212640-00551.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.94859 | 489 | 3.328125 | 3 |
LowCVP LCA study finds matching battery size with vehicle use is crucial for the environment
14 September 2018
A new Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study by Ricardo for the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership (LowCVP) across a broad range of vehicle sectors finds that the relative contribution of each vehicle life cycle stage is highly dependent on the vehicle type and powertrain technology as well as what assumptions are made about a vehicle’s operational life, mileage and duty cycle.
Source: Ricardo, LowCVP.
For electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles the carbon intensity of the power grid is also a key factor in terms of the vehicle’s full life cycle emissions.
Well-to-wheel CO2e emissions of current electric vehicles are already significantly lower (40-60%) as a proportion of full lifetime emissions than those of typical current passenger cars (70-85%) and this difference can increase as the electricity grid becomes increasingly decarbonized.
However, if a race for bigger and bigger batteries is left unchecked, EVs doing low mileages could undermine some of the potential benefits, the report finds.
The environmental impacts associated with the production phase, in particular, for road vehicles will become increasingly important in the context of the full life cycle and, therefore, the focus of more policy attention as governments around the world strive to meet greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets.
The Ricardo study focuses on providing insights into how life cycle CO2e emissions vary by vehicle segment and powertrain technology. It considers ‘L-category’ (micro) vehicles, passenger cars, heavy duty trucks and buses across four life cycle stages: vehicle production, fuel production, vehicle use and vehicle end-of-life.
For larger, heavy duty trucks, life cycle CO2e emissions are overwhelmingly from vehicle use (>95%); unsurprising given the high utilization and lifetime mileages of these types of vehicles. In this sector using lower carbon fuels and energy sources will deliver the greatest carbon reductions in the near term.
For passenger cars, embedded GHG emissions from vehicle production and end-of-life account for 10-30% of total life cycle GHG emissions for conventional ICEVs and 20-95% of total life cycle GHG emissions for BEVs (depending on electricity carbon intensity).
For smaller vehicles, such as passenger cars and micro vehicles, there is much greater sensitivity in each life cycle stage; often more than 50% of the overall impact comes in the manufacturing stage.
Source: Ricardo, LowCVP.
For a medium-sized passenger car, embedded emissions are typically 5-8 tCO2e for gasoline ICE, and 6-16 tCO2e for BEV, depending on size of battery pack and assumed production emissions factor.
This new analysis – “Understanding the life cycle GHG emissions for different vehicle types and powertrain technologies” builds on earlier work for the LowCVP. In 2011 the LowCVP commissioned “Preparing for a life cycle CO2 measure”, also by Ricardo. A follow-up project—“Life cycle CO2e assessment of low carbon cars 2020-30”—was completed in 2013 by PE International.
|
<urn:uuid:0cda0259-f711-4fbe-acd4-5cf919f8ad43>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.greencarcongress.com/2018/09/20180914-lowcvp.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224652116.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605121635-20230605151635-00188.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.914497 | 658 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Prevention is key to many things in dentistry. First, it is the key to achieving optimum oral health. It is also the key to a beautiful smile as healthy teeth often translate to beauty. Prevention also avoids costly and complex dental treatments that may not only drain your pocket but also involve time and effort. Thus, preventative dentistry is a must to ensure that you get healthy and beautiful teeth while not subjecting yourself to costly dental treatments. Prevention is, therefore, key to health, wealth, and beauty. It is easy to follow with benefits that last a lifetime.
Preventative Dentistry Treatments from Your Friendly Dentist in Fayetteville, NC
• Fluoride Treatment – The dentist applies a liberal amount of fluoride to the patient’s teeth. This treatment makes the teeth strong and healthy. Strong teeth do not crack or break easily. Fluoride treatment is, therefore, an essential preventative dentistry treatment to prevent the onset of decay. This treatment can be performed on both adults and children.
• Sealants – This treatment involves the use of a plastic coating that envelopes any molar. This particular set of teeth has grooves and ridges that may be hard to keep clean at all times. Sealants provide a smooth surface, making it easy to brush the surfaces of molars and rid them of plaque. Dental sealants serve as protective shields that protect the teeth from damage. This preventive dentistry treatment is often performed on children, most especially those who are still in the process of learning how to brush.
• Oral Prophylaxis – Deep cleanings are essential to prevent the buildup of plaque on the teeth and below the gumline. We all know that plaque is hard to avoid because the mouth is a constant haven for food particles and bacteria. Oral prophylaxis performed twice yearly eliminates plaque buildup and gum problems.
• Mouthguards – Individuals who engage in contact sports need to wear mouthguards for protection. Mouthguards prevent damaged teeth due to sports activities like boxing, basketball, soccer, and many more, as well as injuries to the lips, face, and jaw.
• Oral Appliance – People who clench or grind their teeth during sleep put extreme pressure on their teeth, subjecting them to breakage. An oral appliance worn during sleep protects the teeth from damage while preventing the occurrence of teeth grinding. An oral appliance is very similar to a mouthguard or a retainer, but serves a different purpose which is to stop bruxism or teeth grinding.
Preventative Dentistry Treatments Promote Optimum Oral Health
While it is important to practice proper brushing and flossing techniques at home, visiting your dentist regularly is also essential. Preventative dentistry treatments like fluoride treatment, sealants, oral prophylaxis, mouthguards, and an oral appliance work for the purpose of optimizing your teeth’s health. Partner with an experienced and reliable dentist like Dr. Patrice Barber, and give your teeth a boost of good dental care regularly. Preventative dentistry treatments are less costly than when a severe dental problem arises, prompting you to spend lots of money. Prevention is a great way to ensure optimum oral health!
Image Courtesy Pinterest
|
<urn:uuid:692bc7e9-9c78-4618-b9cf-9521b77d1a1f>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://alliancefamilydental.com/dentistry/treat-yourself-to-the-benefits-of-preventative-dentistry/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506329.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922034112-20230922064112-00601.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.944441 | 655 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Prunus minutiflora Engelm.
Texas almond, Texas wild almond, Dwarf Plum
Rosaceae (Rose Family)
USDA Symbol: PRMI2
Shrub up to 3 feet tall, often thicket forming, bark gray, new growth on branchlets covered with woolly hairs. Leaves up to 3/4 inch long, firm textured, oblong to elliptic, with margins usually without teeth, a rounded, sometimes pointed, tip, and gradually tapered base. Flowers small, white, on short spurs, appearing in March with the leaves. Fruit spherical, about 1/2 inch long, fleshy but mostly pit, black when ripe. On soils underlain with limestone and on limestone slopes and ledges.
From the Image Gallery
Plant CharacteristicsDuration: Perennial
Leaf Retention: Deciduous
Size Notes: 1-3
Size Class: 1-3 ft.
Bloom InformationBloom Color: White
Bloom Time: Mar
Native Habitat: Endemic to the Edwards Plateau where it is only infrequently found. Soils underlain with limestone or on limestone slopes and ledges.
Growing ConditionsLight Requirement: Sun
Soil Moisture: Dry
Conditions Comments: Could be used as an ornamental or woody ground cover for dry rocky sites. Good wildlife plant. Susceptible to web worm.
BenefitUse Ornamental: Attractive, Aromatic, Showy, Fall conspicuous, Accent tree or shrub
Use Wildlife: Plums attract birds. Nectar-bees, Fruit-birds, Fruit-mammals
Warning: The seeds of all Prunus species, found inside the fruits, contain poisonous substances and should never be eaten. Sensitivity to a toxin varies with a personís age, weight, physical condition, and individual susceptibility. Children are most vulnerable because of their curiosity and small size. Toxicity can vary in a plant according to season, the plantís different parts, and its stage of growth; and plants can absorb toxic substances, such as herbicides, pesticides, and pollutants from the water, air, and soil.
Conspicuous Flowers: yes
Deer Resistant: High
Value to Beneficial InsectsSpecial Value to Native Bees
This information was provided by the Pollinator Program at The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation.
From the National Organizations DirectoryAccording to the species list provided by Affiliate Organizations, this plant is on display at the following locations:
Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Austin, TX
Texas Discovery Gardens - Dallas, TX
NPSOT - Austin Chapter - Austin, TX
BibliographyBibref 354 - Native & Naturalized Woody Plants of Austin & the Hill Country (1981) Lynch, D.
Bibref 286 - Wildflowers of the Texas Hill Country (1989) Enquist, M.
Search More Titles in Bibliography
Additional resourcesUSDA: Find Prunus minutiflora in USDA Plants
FNA: Find Prunus minutiflora in the Flora of North America (if available)
Google: Search Google for Prunus minutiflora
MetadataRecord Modified: 2014-03-15
Research By: NPC
|
<urn:uuid:5a41b654-ca6b-45e7-9a53-7cc179da9d06>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
https://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=PRMI2
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823630.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020025810-20171020045810-00872.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.810693 | 679 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Artificial intelligence has revolutionized the world of technology and innovation, opening up a multitude of new opportunities and ventures. One particularly impressive example of this is ChatGPT, a cutting-edge AI bot that can engage in interactive communication at a level that approaches human intelligence.
The birth of ChatGPT has been nothing short of a marvel, captivating the attention of people around the globe. With its ability to analyze human data and make predictions about future events, ChatGPT represents a major step forward in the field of artificial intelligence.
The success of ChatGPT in the tech industry has prompted other tech companies to develop more advanced and interactive systems to keep up with the competition. In response to this, Quora’s CEO has announced the release of POE, a new and advanced artificial intelligence platform. This article will delve into the details of this interactive AI.
Brief History of Quora
Founded by Adam D’Angelo and Charlie Weever on June 25, 2009, Quora is a highly ranked social media platform that utilizes the question and answer format to allow users to interact with one another. Users collaborate by editing questions and suggesting edits to answers that have been submitted by other users. The website is free to use and is available in multiple languages.
In addition to its Q&A platform, Quora offers a blog platform for users to share their expertise and insights on specific topics. Quora’s blog platform, called Quora Spaces, allows users to create and curate content related to their areas of expertise and engage with their audience through comments and discussion. The platform gained recognition for its content moderation efforts, helping to ensure valuable information is shared on a variety of topics.
In 2011, Quora gained further prominence when influential individuals began participating in the platform by asking and answering questions. Today, Quora boasts over 300 million unique visiting users and is ranked in the top 20 social media platforms worldwide. It was also ranked as the 32nd most popular website in the United States by Alexa Internet in 2022.
ChatGPT is an AI-powered chatbot. It was developed by OpenAI that uses GPT-3.5 technology and Large Language Models to provide credible answers to users’ questions in a conversational manner. The chatbot was launched at the end of November as a free service with plans to monetize in the future. Within a week of its launch, over one million users had registered to use the service.
ChatGPT has demonstrated impressive capabilities, including passing professional exams, writing code, and generating million-dollar business ideas. However, the widespread adoption of ChatGPT has also raised concerns about its potential impact on employment and industry processes. While it is difficult to predict the future implications of this technology, it is worth noting that the current version of ChatGPT is a beta release, and any limitations or issues may be addressed in future updates.
POE: Quora’s New Bot
In a tweet posted on the 21st of December, Adam D’Angelo, CEO of Quora, announced the launch of POE. POE is an acronym for Platform for Open Exploration, and based on his description POE will make “people ask questions, get instant answers to them, and have back-and-forth dialogue with AI.”
He added that the beta version for POE will only be available for iOS devices but it’s coming soon on Android. Invite-only beta testing will be done to sort out scalability issues and resolve any other issues before the software is made available to the public.
Quora has a team with over 10 years of experience in providing knowledge to people, according to a spokesperson who spoke to TechCrunch. The spokesperson also mentioned that the team has gained valuable insights in creating consumer products.
Based on this experience, Quora believes it can use its expertise to build a platform where consumers can engage with large language models through AI agents. The platform, called POE, aims to make it easy for people to interact with these AI agents.
Is Quora POE Like ChatGPT?
Both ChatGPT and POE are AI-powered chatbots that offer quick and believable responses to user inquiries on various subjects. As a result, it is not unfounded to compare these two software programs. However, currently, there appear to be more differences than similarities between the two.
Since its launch, ChatGPT has faced criticism and controversy for its inability to pass simple logical reasoning tests and for providing incorrect answers. While AI technology is capable of answering questions on a wide range of topics, including coding, academics, and poetry, its limitations have been recognized in the tech industry.
Stack Overflow temporarily banned its users from sharing content generated by ChatGPT. According to the site, the chatbot’s content enabled the easy creation of computer codes and resulted in a flood of unreliable answers on the platform. WeChat also banned the AI chat or based on the same reliability and accuracy issues.
POE will likely capitalize on ChatGPT’s reputation for providing unreliable information in order to differentiate itself and attract more users. Quora, a platform known for carefully moderating content and providing trustworthy answers to difficult questions, will be careful to avoid creating software that spreads misinformation.
Currently, GitHub, a subsidiary of Microsoft, and OpenAI, a business partner of Microsoft, are facing a class action lawsuit for the development of Copilot, a software tool that generates codes using a publicly available repository of codes posted online. Some of these codes are licensed and require credit to be given to the creators when used, but Copilot has been generating codes without giving credit, leading to the lawsuit.
Copilot is not the only generative art system facing public backlash. DALL-E 2 (developed by OpenAI) and Stable Diffusion, deep learning models for generative art systems, have also faced criticism from the online art community. Members of ArtStation have even started posting “No AI Art” images on their portfolios in solidarity against AI-generated art after ArtStation allowed it on its platform.
Quora risks facing similar backlash and possibly even litigation if it uses the questions and answers from its platform to train the POE chatbot. Quora users may object to their questions and answers being used for this purpose without credit. And if it decides to train POE on the transformer model of ChatGPT, it faces issues if it doesn’t solve the problems of content inaccuracies and unreliabilities.
The Working Principles of POE
POE offers a platform that enables users to interact with various AI models (including ChatGPT) through text messaging. In the future, the company plans to allow model providers to submit their AI models for inclusion in the POE software.
It is currently unclear if Quora has a partnership with OpenAI that would allow it to use ChatGPT as one of its AI models. However, one key difference between ChatGPT and POE is that OpenAI does not provide a public API for ChatGPT.
The spokesperson for Quora expressed excitement about the prospect of users worldwide being able to engage with different AI models through normal conversations, as the platform will feature multiple language models that can provide instant answers to questions.
The spokesperson also mentioned the significant efforts being made to improve the capabilities of the company’s AI models and create user-friendly interfaces for accessing these advanced features. The ultimate goal, according to the spokesperson, is to make sure that everyone everywhere can take advantage of the benefits provided by POE’s ongoing development.
It is widely known that text-generative AI like ChatGPT has its drawbacks. ChatGPT has been criticized on multiple occasions for providing incorrect answers and failing at logical and deductive reasoning. Some of its convincing responses have even turned out to be completely wrong. Furthermore, it has the capability to generate toxic, racist, and even harmful coding lines. All of these examples illustrate the dangers of relying too heavily on artificial intelligence.
Given these concerns, Quora is expected to offer a more reliable experience with the launch of POE. However, the company has placed the responsibility for ensuring the accuracy and safety of the information provided by the AI models on the model providers themselves. Quora expects the providers to filter the content of the information their models generate and adhere to a set of guidelines that ensure the safety of the platform. While this approach may seem somewhat lackadaisical, it allows the providers to operate independently and continuously as long as they follow the rules.
Business Model for POE
The business plans for POE are still somewhat unclear. It has been confirmed that POE will operate independently from Quora and will continue to do so in the future. Based on Quora’s current model, it is possible that advertisements and premium features that generate revenue will be incorporated into POE.
According to Quora’s spokesperson, the immediate focus is on gathering feedback from beta testers and improving the product before making it available to the general public. In a tweet, Adam D’Angelo provided a link for interested beta testers to join the waiting list.
Possible Future for POE
The sudden popularity of ChatGPT has marked a significant advancement in information technology, akin to an apocalypse. As we enter a new era of technological advancements, the rapid positive and negative changes brought about by AI will have significant impacts.
The future of POE is uncertain, but it is clear that Quora is determined to make it a success. As an advanced AI platform that allows users to ask questions and engage in back-and-forth dialogue with AI agents, POE has the potential to revolutionize the way people interact with artificial intelligence. While the platform is still in the beta testing phase, Quora is working to resolve scalability issues and gather feedback from users in order to create the best possible product.
It is likely that POE will incorporate elements such as advertisements and premium features to generate revenue, and it is possible that the platform will face criticism and controversy similar to ChatGPT. Regardless, the success of POE will depend on its ability to provide accurate and trustworthy answers to users’ questions and to navigate the complex ethical landscape surrounding AI.
|
<urn:uuid:018f036c-ce03-4442-819b-593b21e673e7>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://gadgetadvisor.com/technology/what-is-quora-poe-chatbot-all-you-need-to-know/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511364.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004084230-20231004114230-00390.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951206 | 2,108 | 2.625 | 3 |
Heel spurs are the result of calcium deposits that cause bony protrusions on the underside of the heel. Heel spurs are usually painless, but they have the potential to cause heel pain. Heel spurs tend to be associated with plantar fasciitis, which is a condition that causes inflammation of the band of connective tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot. They most often occur to athletes whose sports involve a lot of running and jumping.
Some risk factors for developing heel spurs include running and jogging on hard surfaces, being obese, wearing poorly fitting shoes, or having walking gait abnormalities.
It is possible to have a heel spur without showing signs of any symptoms. However, if inflammation develops at the point of the spur’s formation, you may have pain while walking or running. In terms of diagnosis, sometimes all a doctor needs to know is that the patient is experiencing a sharp pain localized to the heel to diagnose a heel spur. Other times, an x-ray may be needed to confirm the presence of a heel spur.
Heel spurs can be prevented by wearing well-fitting shoes that have shock-absorbent soles. You should also be sure that you are choosing the right shoe for the activity you want to partake in; for example, do not wear walking shoes when you want to go on a run. Additionally, maintaining a healthy weight can be beneficial toward preventing heel spurs, as it will prevent an excess amount of pressure being placed on the ligaments.
There are a variety of treatment options for people with heel spurs. Some of these include stretching exercises, physical therapy, shoe inserts, or taping and strapping to rest stressed muscles and tendons. If you have heel pain that lasts longer than a month, don’t hesitate to seek help from a podiatrist. Your doctor can help you determine which treatment option is best for you.
|
<urn:uuid:7251355a-b99f-488c-9467-8a8e5d68ffb5>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://www.siouxfallspodiatrist.net/blog/item/652-heel-spurs-
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100583.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20231206063543-20231206093543-00810.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942922 | 397 | 3.078125 | 3 |
In 380 BC, the Greek philosopher Plato in his most famous work ‘The Republic’ presented the ‘Allegory of the Cave.’ The ‘Allegory of the Cave’ is one of the most important and vivid metaphorical stories in the history of philosophy and outlines Plato’s assertion that most people are blind to the reality that surrounds them.
To make his point, Plato asks us to imagine an underground cave, in which prisoners are shackled by their legs and necks. The prisoners are unable to move or turn their heads and can only see the wall in front of them. Behind them, on a raised platform is a puppeteer and behind him, is a fire. The fire casts a continuous parade of puppet shadows on to the prisoners’ wall. The prisoners have never lived outside the cave and consider the shadows to be real.
The peculiar imagery in this story and the way in which it conveys the prisoners’ deep, distorted and disconnected perception of reality has always fascinated me. The notion that reality was framed for the prisoners by not only the puppets, but by the shadows of puppets, is very disturbing. To make the story even more interesting, Plato tells us that if the prisoners are suddenly released and shown the truth they become overwhelmed, confused and bewildered and will ultimately disregard the truth as false. Not all prisoners can bear to recognise that the shadows are puppets and only a few make the journey upwards and out of the cave towards the light.
Plato uses the cave to symbolise society and makes clear his view that we all, at some point, will be prisoners within it. In my view, the cave is one of the most optimistic and beautiful depictions of our human ability to cast aside the bonds of conformity, established opinion and ordinary experience, in the pursuit of enlightenment.
Although Plato wrote about the cave more than twenty four centuries ago its powerful imagery resonates intensely with the influence of mass media on our modern world. We are living through one of the most technologically advanced and intellectually stimulating periods in human history. We can access information and images from a bewildering assortment of mass media outlets (i.e. newspapers, television, radio and the internet) in an instant. Despite the growth of social and other online communication technologies, mass media remains the dominant figure with respect to local, national and global news and what that constitutes. These outlets have unparalleled reach as a communication mechanism and have enormous influence in setting the kinds of issues that we should be thinking about, concerned about and taking action on.
The availability of so much news makes it a formidable challenge for individuals to determine whether or not the information and images provided by the media are real and worthy of our belief. To illustrate the point, the veteran news reporter Jon Snow, in an article in the British Medical Journal, provided a powerful insight into the disproportionate media focus on negative news stories in the NHS. The article made visible the preoccupation amongst the media with naming and shaming hospitals and exposing failures. Little attempt was made to look beyond the immediacy of failures, and opportunities for qualification or even praise were eliminated. His critique acts as a cautionary reminder that reality as depicted by the media is not always what it should be. The way in which the NHS is reported matters, because it shapes how the NHS is perceived by patients, staff and the wider public. It is for this reason that the prevailing tendency towards negative reporting puts the NHS at risk of becoming lost in an abyss of media complacency, which puts news corporation profit above other considerations.
The power of Plato’s imagery amazes me with its timelessness and urges us all to recognise that everyday belief and opinion are no better than seeing shadows. Thankfully, we are not like prisoners chained with our backs to reality and all we need to do to improve our modern world is turn around, take notice and do what matters. Of course, doing what matters is never easy and I am reminded of the poem by the Greek poet Aeschylus:
“And even in our sleep, pain that cannot forget falls drop by drop upon the heart and in our own despair and against our will, comes wisdom.”
Yvonne Christley is Head of Patient Experience and Communications at NHS Dumfries and Galloway
|
<urn:uuid:3dd734d0-38f1-41ba-bb1e-12282fdd9c7f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
https://dghealth.wordpress.com/2014/03/28/what-can-plato-and-the-allegory-of-the-cave-teach-us-about-the-media-by-ychristley/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818690268.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170925002843-20170925022843-00431.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953765 | 876 | 3.359375 | 3 |
3D printing is not new. In fact, this fast and cheap form of Additive Manufacturing has been a reality for over a decade.
What is it ?
A 3D object is “printed” by laying down successive layers of material giving product developers the ability to quickly create objects made of several materials in a single build process. This offers super-rapid prototyping from CAD drawing to the physical object.
To those not involved with the industry, it doesn’t sound very exciting put like that but watch video to see it in action:
The printer in the video is from Z Corporation. Established in the mid 90s, Z Corp supplies technology to industries as diverse as defence, education, sportswear, automotive, consumer electronics, healthcare and entertainment.
Z Corp’s printers are available around the £10k level. Expensive for an individual but peanuts for a design department in private or public sector.
Why should we care ?
To the clinician … this technology offers the possibility to create bespoke models of, say, a pelvic bone to plan and practice a major surgery … before putting the patient under the knife.
It allows the creation of simple structures – like blood vessels – to repair or replace ailing body parts or even printing artificial organs that reduce the risk of rejection by the patient (a major issue/risk/cost of organ transplantation being the discovery of a suitable organ and the immunosuppressive drug regime needed post-op’): see Anthony Atala at TED.
To the military … there are serious cost benefits both from the perspective of initial construction (i.materialise.com blog entry) and, perhaps more strikingly, in the simplification of military logistics: replicating that spare part for a truck in the battlefield is going to be cheaper/faster than taking spares to cover all eventualities or waiting for a logistics shipment.
To the criminal … this is a tech’ to be exploited. Worried that someone might copy your keys? … then don’t let a criminal even photograph them !
To the environmentalist … “The advent of additive manufacturing technologies presents a number of opportunities that have the potential to greatly benefit designers, and contribute to the sustainability of products. [The following] paper examines how aspects of additive manufacturing, from a sustainable design perspective could become a useful tool in the arsenal to bring about the sustainable design of consumer products.” (CCSEnet paper)
To the hobbyist … this is a fantastic playground for inventiveness:
- RepRap is a free desktop 3D printer capable of printing plastic objects. Since many parts of RepRap are made from plastic and RepRap can print those parts, RepRap is a self-replicating machine – one that anyone can build.
To the researcher … there is a way to go before this technology is fully exploited:
- The Additive Manufacturing Research Group at Loughborough University was the world’s first research group to undertake systematic research in this field and continues to set the agenda in terms of its research approach.
- Exeter University launched the £2.6m Centre for Additive Layer Manufacturing in September 2011. The centre will enable businesses, entrepreneurs and researchers heavily subsidised access, giving smaller businesses in the West of England access to world-class facilities at affordable prices.
To us … the changes will be subtle. Fast prototyping, reducing the time to market, home “printing” and major positive impact to many businesses’ supply chain. 3D printing is going to impact us all … perhaps sooner than we may think.
1) Wired.co.uk – Olivia Solon:
“Thanks to technologies such as 3D printing, the process of boundaries between making and manufacturing have dissolved, meaning that hobbyists can now mass produce in a way that they never could before, according to Chris Anderson, Wired’s US editor-in-chief” 6th November 2011” Wired article/video
2) “3D printing for all!” (develop3d.com)
3) “Individuality drive and 3D tech make firms go bespoke” (bbc.co.uk)
4) “The rise of additive manufacturing” (theengineer.co.uk)
|
<urn:uuid:bb801221-a444-4c7e-ba0e-eb64a385345b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
https://jondcarroll.wordpress.com/page/2/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806258.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20171120223020-20171121003020-00210.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932709 | 890 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Working with Network Connectivity Devices
Depending on the type of topology your network uses and the type of cabling you use (cabling is discussed in Chapter 4, "Building the Network Infrastructure"), your LAN might require some sort of connectivity device to connect the various network computers, printers, and other devices together. In cases where you need to extend your LAN (say, to the second floor of an office building) or add a large number of new users to the LAN, other connectivity devices might be required. Some of these connectivity devices merely serve to connect devices; others are used to boost the data signal traveling on the network medium, and still others actually participate in determining how data traffic should flow on the network.
Let's start our discussion of network connectivity devices with the hub, which is a device you would use on a small network, or even in a peer-to-peer networking situation, to connect computers. The other devices that we will look at, such as repeaters, switches, and routers, are often lumped under the blanket term internetworking devices. An internetwork is a network of LANs, meaning that some sort of connectivity technology is used to extend a LAN beyond its typical size or to connect different LANs together into one large network.
Hubs are commonly used LAN connectivity devices (although inexpensive switches are rapidly replacing hubs on networks). They serve as the central connection points for LANs (hubs are used on LANs that embrace the star topology discussed in Chapter 2, "Different Needs, Different Networks"). A basic hub contains no active electronics and therefore cannot be used to extend a LAN (that is, extend it past the cabling distance specifications discussed in the next chapter). It basically organizes your cables and relays data signals to all the computers on the LAN.
Hubs are used on networks that use twisted-pair cabling. Ports available on the hub provide the connection points for the devices on the network. Computers and other devices are attached to the hub by individual network cables. Hubs come in many sizes and shapes and supply different numbers of ports.
In cases where the LAN outgrows the size of the hub, a new hub can be attached (the hubs are "daisy chained" together using a short connection cable often referred to as a rat tail) to the current hub, thus providing greater port density. Figure 3.5 shows a 24-port Ethernet hub.
Figure 3.5 Hubs provide a connecting point for LAN nodes.
Hubs come in all sizes and shapes and are available in a wide range of prices. Typically, the more ports on the hub, the more expensive the hub. Hubs that support faster varieties of Ethernet, such as Fast Ethernet (which we discuss in the next chapter), will also cost more.
As you will find out in the next chapter, the different types of network cabling all have a maximum distance that they can move a data signal. In cases where a LAN must be extended beyond the maximum run for a particular cabling type, repeaters are used. A repeater takes the signal that it receives from computers and other devices on the LAN and regenerates the signal so that the signal maintains its integrity along a longer media run than is normally possible.
Repeaters don't have any capabilities for directing network traffic or deciding the particular route certain data should take; they are simple devices that just sit on the network, boosting the data signals they receive. The problem with repeaters is that they amplify the entire signal that they receive, including any line noise. So, in worst-case scenarios, they pass on data traffic that is barely discernable from the background noise on the line.
A bridge is an internetworking device used to help conserve the bandwidth available on the network. When LANs really start to grow, network data traffic can begin to overwhelm the available bandwidth on network media.
One strategy for conserving network bandwidth is to chop the network up into smaller segments. These segments are connected to a bridge. Bridges are smarter than hubs and repeaters and actually use some software to help get the job done. A bridge is able to read the MAC address (also known as the hardware addressremember it's burned onto the NIC in each computer on the network) of each data packet circulating on the network segments connected to the bridge. By learning which MAC addresses live on each of the network segments, the bridge can help keep data traffic that is local to a particular segment from spreading to the other network segments that are serviced by the bridge.
A switch is another internetworking device used to manage the bandwidth on a large network. Switches are rapidly becoming one of the most used internetworking devices for connecting even smaller networks because they allow you some control over the use of the bandwidth on the network. A switch, which is often referred to as a "bridge on steroids," controls the flow of data by using the MAC address that is placed on each data packet (which coincides with the MAC address of a particular computer's network card). Switches divide networks into what are called Virtual LANs or VLANs. The great thing about a VLAN, which is a logical grouping of computers on the network into a sort of communication group, is that the computers don't have to be in close proximity or even on the same floor. This allows you to group computers that serve similar types of users into a VLAN. For example, even if your engineers are spread all over your company's office building, their computers can still be made part of the same VLAN, which would share bandwidth.
Switches use a combination of software and hardware to switch packets between computers and other devices on the network. Switches have their own operating system. Figure 3.6 shows the status of a VLAN (VLAN1) on a Cisco 2900 switch. Understanding what is being shown in this figure requires an understanding of the switch's OS. Basically, this particular screen shows the hardware/MAC address of the switch and the IP address of the switch. Other statistics relate to the number of packets sent and received by the switch (which are all at 0 because the switch has just been placed on the network).
Figure 3.6 A proprietary switch operating system is used to configure and monitor a switch.
Because switches can offer a high density of connection ports, they can replace hubs on a network. This means that each computer on the network can be connected to its own port on the switch. When PCs are directly connected to a switch, the switch can supply each PC with a dedicated amount of bandwidth. For example, users on a 100Mbps Ethernet (fast Ethernet) network can realize bandwidth of 100Mbps. The computers don't compete for the bandwidth the way computers do on a network that is connected via a hub. This is why switches are rapidly replacing hubs. Inexpensive switches are even available for the small network and home network markets.
Some switch hardware can also take advantage of full-duplex access to the network media, which allows for the sending and receiving of data simultaneously on the network. This provides network access on an Ethernet network that would essentially be collision free (Ethernet networks experience data collisions pretty much as a rule; Ethernet is discussed in the next chapter). A computer on a Fast Ethernet network, which runs at 100Mbps, would actually realize a net total of 200Mbps throughput because sending and receiving can take place simultaneously on the full-duplex media.
Switches (because of the aforementioned reasons) are becoming very popular on both small and large networks. They have all but replaced bridges as the internetworking devices for conserving network bandwidth and expanding LANs into larger corporate internetworks. And they are also making the hub a thing of the past on smaller networks.
Routers are even smarter than bridges and switches (routers operate at the Network layera higher level in the OSI conceptual model than bridges and switches, which operate at the Data Link layer; we discuss all the layers of OSI in Chapter 5). A router uses a combination of hardware and software to actually "route" data from its source to its destination. (By software, I mean an operating system.) Routers actually have a very sophisticated OS that allows you to configure their various connection ports. You can set up a router to route data packets from a number of different network protocol stacks, including TCP/IP, IPX/SPX, and AppleTalk (protocols are discussed in Chapter 4).
Routers are used to segment LANs that have become very large and congested with data traffic. Routers are also used to connect remote LANs together using different WAN technologies.
Figure 3.7 shows a Cisco 2516 router. This router has a built-in hub and three different WAN connection points. Notice the BRI port marked in the figure. BRI stands for ISDN Basic Rate Interface, which allows this router to connect to a remote network using an ISDN connection (ISDN and other WAN technologies are discussed in Chapter 13, "Expanding a LAN with WAN Technology").
Routers divide large networks into logical segments called subnets. This division of the network is based on the addressing scheme the network uses, such as IP addresses. Data traffic related to a particular subnet is kept local. The router only forwards data that is meant for other subnets on the extended network. This routing of network data helps conserve network bandwidth.
Figure 3.7 Routers are used to segment networks into logical subsets.
Routers decide how to forward data packets to their destinations based on a routing table. Routers use protocols built in to their operating system to identify neighboring routers and their network addresses (such as IP addresses). This allows routers to build a routing table. Figure 3.8 shows the command-line interface used on a Cisco router. This figure also shows the IP routing table for a small network that consists of two connected Cisco routers. Each of the subnets shown at the bottom of the table (notice the list of IP addresses) represents a different router interface. 10.2.0.0 and 10.3.0.0 are on the router that supplied this screen. The subnets 10.1.0.0 and 220.127.116.11 were discovered by the router (using the RIP protocol) on a connected router.
Figure 3.8 Routers build and use a routing table to determine where data packets should be forwarded.
|
<urn:uuid:0bc88dec-056f-46fd-bf63-0e52fdecdc73>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-34
|
https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=101728&seqNum=2
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439736972.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20200806151047-20200806181047-00222.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941085 | 2,132 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Thinking through decisions based on a process learned on management courses? Think again
Entrepreneurial leadership is emerging as a key theme in research into effective leadership. But what exactly, do entrepreneurs do, that marks them as successful? What might corporate/executive leaders learn from them?
Successful entrepreneurs typically share a strong belief in their own capability. They are proactive, innovative and use their initiative and have higher emotional intelligence. All of these traits can be learned via leadership coaching, so there are certain things all leaders can do, if they want to emulate entrepreneurs.
Why emulate entrepreneurs?
Starting new ventures or radical innovation always involves high uncertainty and limited resources because a brand new venture or radical innovation inevitably means that it’s impossible to predict how the future will develop. More and more frequently, leaders within even large organisations, with established products, find themselves faced with high uncertainty and new limitations on resources.
Causal decision making
Causal decision making is the approach taught on management training courses and by some providers of management coaching. This entails the leader trying to predict the future, for example, through market research. The leader sets goals extrapolated from these predictions. They then plan and acquire resources to meet these goals. On management courses, problem solving and decision making are typically taught as processes based on facts and predictions. In an arena of high uncertainty, problem solving and decision making based on assuming a degree of predictability is a recipe for disaster.
Effectual decision making
Instead, entrepreneurs use effectual decision making. There is much research that establishes a distinct effectual decision making approach that is used by entrepreneurs. Sarasvathy et al (1998), conducted in depth studies of entrepreneurs who created highly successful companies. Effectuation related to: success of radical innovation projects; new market creation; success and speed of venture creation; investment success and dealing with crises.
Effectual decision making is an approach corporate leaders might borrow from entrepreneurs. Where the causal decision maker sets goals based on predictions, the effectual a rough vision, and makes decisions based on: identity – who I am; expertise – what I know; networks – who I know.
The research shows entrepreneurs don’t try to predict the future. They focus on the means available to them currently. Instead of calculating expected return, they only invest what they can afford to lose.
They also have a different approach to the unexpected. Causal decision makers tend to see surprises as hindering the execution of the plan. The effectual decision maker sees surprises as offering new opportunities. They incorporate unexpected events by changing their plans.
Finally, they have a different attitude to competition. Causal decision makers protect their knowledge. In contrast, effectual decision makers work in partnership with potential competitors. They do this to gain access to resources, reduce uncertainty and shape the project.
Interested in learning more about entrepreneurial leadership? Want to hone your skills of effectual decision making? For executive coaching, or coaching on leadership, call me now: 01302 220221.
|
<urn:uuid:6b2f3a11-a33e-414d-b34b-f08fe135316c>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://angelasabinexecutivelifecoaching.wordpress.com/2013/07/03/authentic-leader/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655921988.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711032932-20200711062932-00025.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950939 | 612 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Today in History, March 28
Today is Saturday, March 28, the 88th day of 2020. There are 278 days left in the year.
On this date:
In 1898, the U.S. Supreme Court, in United States v. Wong Kim Ark, ruled 6-2 that Wong, who was born in the United States to Chinese immigrants, was an American citizen.
In 1930, the names of the Turkish cities of Constantinople and Angora were changed to Istanbul and Ankara.
In 1941, novelist and critic Virginia Woolf, 59, drowned herself near her home in Lewes, East Sussex, England.
In 1942, during World War II, British naval forces staged a successful raid on the Nazi-occupied French port of St. Nazaire in Operation Chariot, destroying the only dry dock on the Atlantic coast capable of repairing the German battleship Tirpitz.
In 1963, the Alfred Hitchcock film "The Birds" premiered in New York.
In 1969, the 34th president of the United States, Dwight D. Eisenhower, died in Washington, D.C., at age 78.
In 1978, in Stump v. Sparkman, the U.S. Supreme Court upheld, 5-3, the judicial immunity of an Indiana judge against a lawsuit brought by a young woman who'd been ordered sterilized by the judge when she was a teenager.
In 1979, America's worst commercial nuclear accident occurred with a partial meltdown inside the Unit 2 reactor at the Three Mile Island plant near Middletown, Pennsylvania.
In 1987, Maria von Trapp, whose life story inspired the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical "The Sound of Music," died in Morrisville, Vermont, at age 82.
In 1990, President George H.W. Bush presented the Congressional Gold Medal to the widow of U.S. Olympic legend Jesse Owens.
In 1999, NATO broadened its attacks on Yugoslavia to target Serb military forces in Kosovo in the fifth straight night of airstrikes; thousands of refugees flooded into Albania and Macedonia from Kosovo.
In 2000, in a unanimous ruling, the Supreme Court, in Florida v. J.L., sharply curtailed police power in relying on anonymous tips to stop and search people.
Ten years ago: President Barack Obama secretly visited Afghanistan near the front lines of the increasingly bloody 8-year-old war. Actress-writer June Havoc, 97, whose childhood in vaudeville was immortalized in the musical "Gypsy," died in Stamford, Connecticut. Jazz guitarist Herb Ellis died in Los Angeles at age 88.
Five years ago: Afghanistan's highest court ruled that the police officer convicted of murdering Associated Press photographer Anja Niedringhaus (AHN'-yuh NEE'-dring-hows) and wounding AP correspondent Kathy Gannon should serve 20 years in prison. Two Russians and an American floated into the International Space Station, eight hours after launching from Russia's space facility in Kazakhstan; Mikhail Kornienko and Scott Kelly spent 342 days aboard the orbiting laboratory, while Russia's Gennady Padalka stayed for six months.
One year ago: As President Donald Trump claimed that he'd been fully exonerated in the report from special counsel Robert Mueller, based on a four-page summary by his attorney general, Democrats intensified their demands for the full report; it would be released weeks later. The Energy Department said the Trump administration had approved seven applications for U.S. companies to sell nuclear power technology and assistance to Saudi Arabia. The president said he was backing off of his budget request to eliminate funding for the Special Olympics; his announcement came after Education Secretary Betsy DeVos spent days defending the proposed cuts.
Today's Birthdays: Author Mario Vargas Llosa is 84. Country musician Charlie McCoy is 79. Movie director Mike Newell is 78. Actress Conchata Ferrell is 77. Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte is 75. Actress Dianne Wiest (weest) is 74. Country singer Reba McEntire is 65. Olympic gold medal gymnast Bart Conner is 62. Actress Alexandra Billings (TV: "Transparent") is 58. Rapper Salt (Salt-N-Pepa) is 54. Actress Tracey Needham is 53. Actor Max Perlich is 52. Movie director Brett Ratner is 51. Country singer Rodney Atkins is 51. Actor Vince Vaughn is 50. Rapper Mr. Cheeks (Lost Boyz) is 49. Actor Ken L. is 47. Singer-songwriter Matt Nathanson is 47. Rock musician Dave Keuning is 44. Actress Annie Wersching is 43. Actress Julia Stiles is 39. Singer Lady Gaga is 34. Electronic musician Clayton Knight (Odesza) is 32.
|
<urn:uuid:0547dd5e-9dfa-42c9-aee2-14999a7fdc34>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.milforddailynews.com/story/entertainment/2020/03/29/today-in-history-march-28/1442150007/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643388.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230527223515-20230528013515-00127.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950697 | 969 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Debates about climate policy will be prominent during 2009. Barack Obama addressed the issue during his campaign and has indicated he intends to make it a priority during his first year in office. As a result, leaders in both chambers of the Democrat-controlled Congress have pledged to pass domestic climate policy legislation during 2009. At the same time, members of the international community will continue working on the broad outlines of an international climate treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol when it lapses after 2012. These international negotiations are currently set to culminate at a meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark in December 2009.
Recent scientific studies are lending urgency to these climate policy discussions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its Fourth Assessment Report in 2007. It concluded that the scientific evidence of global warming is “unequivocal” and that it has “very high confidence” that human activities have contributed to this warming since 1750. The Earth’s global-average surface temperature has increased 0.76ºC (1.37ºF) since 1850 and the rate of temperature increase has been accelerating since 1970. The IPCC reports the concentration of the principal greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2), has increased from pre-industrial levels of 280 parts per million by volume (ppm) to 379 ppm in 2005. At the end of 2007 atmospheric concentrations of CO2 stood at 382 ppm, and the concentration of all six greenhouse gases stood at 460 ppm of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq). In order to avoid catastrophic ecological change, the IPCC recommends limiting the total increase in global surface temperature from pre-industrial levels to no more than 2°C. In order to hold the temperature increase to this threshold, global greenhouse gas emissions would have to peak before 2015 and fall 85 percent by 2050 to approximately 350 ppm for CO2 and 450 ppm CO2eq for all greenhouse gases.
Research published after the Fourth Assessment Report has raised concerns that the IPCC’s recommended temperature and greenhouse gas concentration thresholds may be too high to forestall dangerous climate change. In 2008, the most famous climate scientist in the United States, James Hansen, made the following recommendation in a co-authored article published in The Open Atmospheric Science Journal:
If humanity wishes to preserve a planet similar to that on which civilization developed and to which life on Earth is adapted, paleoclimate evidence and ongoing climate change suggest that CO2 will need to be reduced from its current 385 ppm to at most 350 ppm, but likely less than that.
Across the Atlantic, in England, the former Co-Chair of the IPCC, Sir John Houghton, expressed his concern that “the 2°C target as currently pursued will almost certainly turn out to be inadequate.” Houghton arrived at this conclusion after observing record low summer sea ice volume during 2008 in the Arctic Ocean. Some climate scientists now predict the Arctic Ocean could be completely ice-free by 2015, eighty years ahead of the IPCC’s most recent projections. Other climate scientists warn against extrapolating a few years of data into dire long-term projections because such efforts can neglect the reality of natural variability.
Virtually all climate scientists agree, however, that global warming is real and that the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere poses unprecedented challenges from climate change for human communities. A recent study in the United States published by the prestigious Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences concludes:
Irreversible climate changes due to carbon dioxide emissions have already taken place, and future carbon dioxide emissions would imply further irreversible effects on the planet, with attendant long legacies for choices made by contemporary society.
As noted, these increasingly loud and alarming warnings from scientists are motivating policy makers and people around the world to develop effective climate policies. These policy proposals differ in many ways but in general they all grapple in one way or another with the following questions:
This list of questions is illustrative, not definitive, but it is not self-evident how any of them should best be answered. In some questions the ethically normative dimensions are articulated, but in others they are implicit. How should Christian communities answer these questions? What ethical resources could Christians utilize to assess competing climate policy proposals? Are there other questions Christians should be asking?
The Presbyterian Church, USA (PCUSA) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) have both developed and utilized an “ethic of ecological justice” to address the nexus of social justice and environmental issues that has arisen over the past three decades. This ethic unites the separate fields of environmental ethics and social ethics into one unified scope of moral concern. Defined succinctly, this ethic of “ecojustice” seeks to preserve the health and integrity of the biosphere while providing for the fulfillment of basic human needs. Four norms rooted in Scripture and Christian theology are central to this ethic: sustainability, sufficiency, participation, and solidarity. These moral norms can be utilized in general ways to conduct an ethical assessment of climate policy proposals.
The eco-justice norm of sustainability expresses a concern for future generations and emphasizes that an adequate and acceptable quality of life for present generations must not jeopardize the prospects for future generations. Sustainability precludes short-sighted emphases on economic growth that fundamentally harm ecological systems and ignore the reality of climate change in the future, but it also excludes any approaches to climate policy that don’t address the suffering of two billion people who are trapped in poverty today. Sustainability emphasizes the importance of healthy, interdependent communities for the welfare of present and future generations.
The eco-justice norm of sufficiency emphasizes that all of creation is entitled to share in the goods of creation. This means, most fundamentally, that all forms of life are entitled to those things that satisfy their basic needs and contribute to their fulfillment. Insofar as the norm of sufficiency repudiates wasteful and harmful consumption and emphasizes fairness it represents one dimension of distributive justice. Many nations in the developing world are implicitly appealing to the norm of sufficiency as they demand the “right to development” and insist they not be required to make the same rate or level of reductions in greenhouse gas emissions as citizens of wealthy, developed nations.
The eco-justice norm of participation stresses that the interests of all forms of life are important and must be heard and respected in decisions that affect their lives. The norm is concerned with empowerment and seeks to remove all obstacles to participation constructed by various social, economic, and political forces and institutions. The norm places an importance on open debate and dialogue and seeks to hear the voices or perspectives of all concerned. Those who champion the norm of participation should be worried about the growing number of lobbyists who are representing special interests with regard to climate policy. Today there are four global warming lobbyists for every member of Congress. According to the Center for Public Integrity, more than 770 companies and organizations spent at least $90 million and hired more than 2,300 representatives to address climate policy in 2008. The American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity was the largest player, spending $9,945,276, dwarfing the next largest funder, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., which spent $1,365,000.
The eco-justice norm of solidarity highlights the kinship and interdependence of all forms of life and encourages support and assistance for those who suffer. Underscoring the reciprocal relationship of individual welfare and the common good, solidarity calls the powerful to share the plight of the powerless, the rich to listen to the poor, and for humanity to recognize its fundamental interdependence with the rest of nature. The norm of solidarity supports intra-generational transfers of resources from the rich to the poor so that they can adapt to climate change both now and in the future, but it also calls present generations to make sacrifices for future generations as a matter of inter-generational ethical responsibility.
Guidelines for Ethical Assessment of Climate Policies
These four moral norms sketch the broad outline of an ethic of ecojustice and can be applied generally to debates about climate policy. The following specific guidelines help expand and apply these norms to the temporal, structural, and procedural dimensions of various climate policy proposals.
The length of this article precludes application of these guidelines to specific climate policy proposals. It is clear, however, that Christians will soon have to engage with others in an ethical assessment of both national and international proposals during 2009. This article attempts to equip readers with some tools to participate in that vital ethical reflection.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Summary for Policymakers), Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, et. al., eds., (Cambridge University Press: New York, 2007), pp. 3-5. According to the IPCC, “very high confidence” refers to “greater than 90 percent probability.” Accessed online February 9, 2009 at http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf.
Ibid., p. 5.
The Worldwatch Institute, State of the World 2009: Into a Warming World, (New York: W.W. Norton, 2009), p. 23.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, Lenny Bernstein, Peter Bosch, et. al., eds., (IPCC: Geneva, 2007), p. 66, note 29; p. 67, table 5.1. Accessed online February 9, 2009 at http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/syr/ar4_syr.pdf.
J. Hansen, Mki. Sato, P. Kharecha, D. Beerling, R. Berner, V. Masson-Delmotte, M. Pagani, M. Raymo, D.L. Royer, J.C. Zachos, Open Atmos. Sci. J. 2, 217-231, doi:10.2174/1874282300802010217 (2008). Accessed online February 11, 2009 at http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abstracts/2008/Hansen_etal.html.
Sir John Houghton, from the foreword in Climate Safety: In Case of Emergency…, (London: Public Interest Research Centre, 2008). Accessed online February 11, 2009 at http://www.scribd.com/doc/8522620/Climate-Safety.
Climate Safety: In Case of Emergency…, p. 2.
David Adams, “‘Apocalyptic climate predictions’ mislead the public, say experts,” in The Guardian, February 11, 2009. Accessed online February 14, 2009 at http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/feb/11/climate-change-misleading-claims.
Susan Solomon, et. al., “Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States, Vol. 106, No. 6, February 10, 2009, p. 1709. Accessed online February 11, 2009 at http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106.full.pdf+html.
The ethic of ecological justice and its related norms was initially developed in the 1970s through discussions in the World Council of Churches about a “just, participatory, and sustainable society.” In the early 1990s the Presbyterian Church (USA) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America further refined the concept of eco-justice and its related norms in official social policy statements. See, The Office of the General Assembly, Restoring Creation for Ecology and Justice: A Report Adopted by the 202nd General Assembly (1990), (Louisville, KY: The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), 1990); and Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, Caring for Creation: Vision, Hope, and Justice, (Chicago: Division for Church in Society, 1993). For a fuller description of the biblical and theological foundations for the norms summarized above, see James B. Martin-Schramm and Robert L. Stivers, Christian Environmental Ethics: A Case Method Approach, (Maryknoll: Orbis Books, 2003), pp. 33-46.
Marianne Lavelle, “The Climate Change Lobby Explosion,” February 24, 2009, accessed online March 1, 2009 at the website of The Center for Public Integrity: http://www.publicintegrity.org/investigations/climate_change/articles/entry/1171/.
Robert Stivers and I offer a different set of guidelines to conduct an ethical assessment of energy options and energy policy proposals in Christian Environmental Ethics: A Case Method Approach, (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2003), pp. 205-206.
Martin Luther King, Jr., “I Have a Dream,” August 28, 1963. Accessed online February 20, 2009 at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkihaveadream.htm.
© April 2009
Journal of Lutheran Ethics
Volume 9, Issue 4
|
<urn:uuid:09c6f088-5577-463f-aca1-113b0daf8770>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
http://www.elca.org/JLE/Articles/384
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818685850.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170919145852-20170919165852-00613.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.91359 | 2,758 | 3.546875 | 4 |
1951 – 1995: The Sona-Graph Era
In 1951, the Kay Electric Co. produced the first commercially available machine for audio spectrographic analysis, which they marketed under the trademark “Sona-Graph.” The graphs produced by a Sona-Graph came to be called “Sonagrams.” For decades, all spectrograms were Sonagrams.
The original Sona-Graph had two settings, “narrow-band” and “wide-band.” The narrow-band setting was more accurate in terms of frequency, but less accurate in terms of time, and it tended to create spectrograms that looked rather anemic, like they had been drawn with a thin pencil:
Here’s a classic Sonagram on the wide-band setting, which sacrificed frequency resolution for time resolution, making spectrograms look calligraphic, as though they had been drawn with a wide-bladed pen held vertically:
Note the discoloration of the spectrogram “boxes” above. It’s a reminder that the Sonagrams created by the original Sona-Graph were actual physical artifacts on paper. In this case Martin cut them out and pasted them onto another sheet of paper to create his figure, which was a common practice at the time.
Another common practice was to cover the paper Sonagram with a sheet of acetate and trace the spectrogram with a pen to produce figures for publication. Many authors preferred this method because it created “cleaner” results — the pen eliminated background noise and equalized levels in the bird’s sound:
These traced spectrograms were some of the best that could be created in their time, but they were also in some ways insidious: they resulted in a simplification and sometimes a distortion of the sound, as human artistry made “prettier” what the Sona-Graph had rendered. I tend to think that many authors of the day actually traced the spectrograms they published even if they didn’t admit to it in their Methods section: for example, the spectrograms of Coutlee above look like they may well have been traced.
There were a few early attempts to publish spectrograms on a logarithmic frequency scale rather than a linear one, like this:
Marshall was rather militant about his unconventional y-axis:
Graphs of the calls were automatically scribed by the sonagraph machine. I have rendered tracings of them on a logarithmic frequency scale of musical octaves. This equalizes pitch intervals over the entire compass of the graph. For it is pitch and not frequency to which our hearing and that of the birds respond in nature, and for this reason the gross stretching apart of musical intervals in the upper part of the ordinary sonagram is absurd!
The “problem” that Marshall “solved” with his logarithmic axis is an actual phenomenon that we’ve seen before (albeit in a slightly different form): on a typical linear axis like those we use today, an octave takes up less vertical space near the bottom of the spectrogram than it does near the top. Perhaps because most scientists valued ease of measurement more than they valued ease of matching spectrograms to sounds (or, just as likely, because the Sona-Graph didn’t easily adapt to the logarithmic scale), Marshall lost this battle and the vast majority of all published spectrographs to date have maintained the linear frequency scale.
1967 – 1983: The Golden Age
A landmark in the history of American birding (and spectrograms), the Golden Field Guide to Birds of North America was the first (and to date only) major American field guide to include Sonagrams. This book, above all else, cemented the name and the notion of the “sonagram” in the consciousness of birders. Unfortunately, the spectrograms were widely considered something of a failed experiment. Stuart Keith’s otherwise mostly-positive review in the Wilson Bulletin (79:251-254) pretty much summed up the public reaction:
Another unique feature of the book is the use of sonagrams for depicting songs and calls. To my mind this is the least successful feature. While sonagrams have value in scientific studies of bird calls, their usefulness as an aid to field identification is very limited. To begin with, considerable practice is needed in order to be able to read sonagrams; but even when some proficiency is acquired, I doubt if anyone can really imagine or “hear” a new song simply by reading its sonagram. I challenge anyone who has never heard the call of a Red-bellied or a Gila woodpecker to “hear” the difference between their calls by reading the sonagrams on page 182. Admittedly it is interesting to see what a call which you already know looks like as a sonagram, but this is not the point. A field guide should teach you to have an idea of a song before you hear it. I maintain that you cannot learn bird songs from sonagrams.
I maintain that Stuart Keith was wrong on most of these points, and I hope this website will eventually prove it. I will grant him, though, that it was hard to learn bird songs from the spectrograms in the Golden Guide, which were half an inch tall and frequently quite illegible. Had they put more effort into the spectrograms in the field guides back then, who knows what earbirding powers modern birders might have by now?
1995 – present: The Digital Era
It wasn’t until the mid-1990′s that software finally displaced the Sona-Graph (albeit a fancier, updated version of it) as the audiospectrographic analysis tool of choice. Modern software continues to make spectrograms faster and more customizable: they can now be instantaneously adjusted to show finer gradations in the relative loudness of parts of the sound, using a grayscale digital display. Here’s an example of a spectrogram published recently by authors who really know how to use the modern equipment:
Unfortunately, some modern authors fail to use the modern equipment to its full potential, preferring instead to emulate the “old” black-and-white traced spectrograms. More on that later, in another post!
|
<urn:uuid:02521733-93aa-4cb7-b8af-4410c5121431>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://earbirding.com/blog/archives/1229
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164941653/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134901-00001-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962889 | 1,330 | 2.859375 | 3 |
FLYING SUPERWEAPON? (Apr, 1946)
Certainly looks like a space ship to me.
Would you say that this queer-looking contraption was a jet-propelled life raft, a plane fuselage flying without wings, or some other super-secret, odd invention just released for public view? Perhaps, if you turn the picture upside down and think of reflections on water as you reexamine it, you will be able to tell. It’s the conning tower of a German submarine sunk alongside its dock at Hamburg. Note the radar antenna. Lt. Arthur L. Schoeni, of the Navy Department, sent the photo in.
Carrier Pigeons Turn Cameramen (May, 1936) (May, 1936)
We’ve seen these pigeons before. This article also has examples of the pictures they took.
Carrier Pigeons Turn Cameramen
SOMETHING entirely new in aerial photography has been developed in Munich, Germany. In place of trained photographers carried aloft in airplanes or observation balloons, camera equipped pigeons are released to fly over the object to be photographed.
The pigeons do not fly at random. Months of training and selection are required before a few birds are chosen for camera work. Then their flights in each direction are timed so that the trainer knows exactly at what time the bird will be over a certain point. It is then a simple matter to time the camera to expose the film at the point desired.
PRINT ANY PHOTO ON PAPER, CLOTH, LEATHER OR WOOD (Jan, 1947)
Talk about lack of imagination. If you could print any photo on any object would you decide to make a headscarf with your husband’s face on it? Or maybe that’s not her husband… Maybe it’s the milk man. That would be much cooler.
PRINT ANY PHOTO ON PAPER, CLOTH, LEATHER OR WOOD
SIMPLE, EASY TO USE
Magic liquid takes only 2 minutes to reproduce any snapshot on to stationery, handkerchiefs, ties, scarfs, etc. Use same picture over and over again if you wish. Won’t wash off. Won’t harm negative or fabric it’s used on. Personalize your belongings!
|
<urn:uuid:d13f0eba-1009-41a8-b271-a3a74bc4cde4>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
http://blog.modernmechanix.com/category/photography/page/14/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806844.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20171123161612-20171123181612-00454.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.922016 | 481 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Short bio: Computer Scientist, FOSS supporter (read more)
Tux Machines (TM)-specific
In a dramatic new study to be published in next month's issue of the Journal of Anecdotal Evidence, researchers have concluded that the quantity of available clues is only growing at a slow, linear rate. While computing power might double every 18 months according to Moore's Law, the same growth rate does not apply to cluedom.
"You can beat people over the head with a cluestick all day long, but that doesn't change the fact that society is suffering from a serious clue shortage," said study author Dr. Sara E. Brum, Chairwoman of the Department of Vaguely Useful Research at West-Central Wyoming University. "Besides, such cluestick trauma can easily lead to serious brain injuries."
Another expert on the topic, Dr. Grant Reiter, said bluntly, "It's becoming harder and harder to go out and get a clue. The Earth's population continues to accelerate, but the growth rate of the clueosphere is simply not keeping pace. There's not enough clues to go around."
|
<urn:uuid:79e77a78-a4ee-4c66-84d1-738ddf5d27a9>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.tuxmachines.org/node/3083
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164758033/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134558-00015-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932296 | 234 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Correct disposal and recycling play important roles when it comes to single use systems. With their utilization of one-way systems that are disposed of after use, single use technologies obviously seem to have a greater impact on our environment than stainless steel systems.
But in reality, single use technologies have a far smaller negative impact on the environment than stainless steel reactors. This can mainly be attributed to the massive amounts of water and energy that are required for cleaning and sterilization of traditional systems. You can find further information regarding this topic in a Life Cycle Assessment conducted by GE Healthcare Life Science in 2016/2017.
For biopharmaceutical manufacturers relying on single-use systems it is nonetheless important to take care of correct disposal in order to prevent violations of pollution control and safety guidelines. There are different options for correct waste disposal. Components that have come in contact with biological materials are labeled as hazardous and thus pose a specific challenge when it comes to one-way-system waste disposal.
Depending on what is best suited at their respective sites, biopharmaceutical manufacturers have various options when it comes to the disposal of their single-use waste. One of these options is WtE, which is short for Waste to Energy Incineration.
The advantage here is that waste is used for the generation of electricity or steam, which in turn can be used for heating. Additionally, this way of collecting and recycling waste is a practicable solution. However, this is not to say that WtE facilities are not susceptible to certain issues. Firstly, WtE facilities cannot be found in just about any region around the globe. And secondly, not all WtE facilities accept disposable materials labeled as hazardous.
Other users of single-use systems use sterilizers for the on-site treatment of utilized materials before disposing of them at a dump where it will be buried.
The recycling of single-use components is an extremely complex process. Single-use systems are usually made up of various synthetics that each require distinct treatment. This poses a major challenge as today’s technologically is not yet advanced enough to automatically separate the single synthetics.
Along with the growing popularity of single-use systems, the pressure to find environmentally friendly waste-disposal solutions is increasing too. Biopharmaceutical manufacturers are increasingly utilizing single use systems in order to save time, water – and money. As a result, they produce more and more waste. At the same time, our society’s environmental awareness is becoming more and more pronounced, and the impact of plastic on our planet has become a constant – and important – topic.
This is why a number of manufacturers and educational institutions that lobby for the utilization of single-use technologies have joined forces in the Bio-Process Systems Alliance. Currently, the BPSA is working on sustainable solutions as well as a guideline for the correct disposal of single-use systems.
Bioburden is one major problem when it comes to recycling disposable materials that have been utilized in the biopharmaceutical industry – it makes waste equipment practically not reusable. This is why in 2015, Millpore Sigma, a life science enterprise, has introduced a specific recycling program for single-use systems. Disposable synthetics are processed to become industrial-grade sawn timber that can be used as heating material in various industries such as agriculture, building and logistics. Like this, approximately 22% of waste from all single-use facilities on the US East Coast could be recycled to date.
Single-use systems are an ideal solution for the needs of the biopharmaceutical industry as they guarantee a reliable and scalable manufacturing process. They help save time, resources and money, and are far easier to implement than traditional stainless steel systems. In addition, single-use systems are generally more environmentally friendly than stainless steel facilities. The fact remains that single use systems generate much more plastic waste than other systems.
But it is an issue that the biopharmaceutical industry is aware. As already mentioned, various companies and organizations have been dealing in-depth with the challenges and consequences of plastic refuse, and they are committed to drive research in this field. Finding the correct and least harmful way of dealing with and disposing of single-use systems will remain a major challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry.
|
<urn:uuid:1acd2195-cdfe-45d9-9476-946817b3f99b>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
https://www.susupport.com/en/single-use-disposal-and-recycling/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146744.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20200227160355-20200227190355-00166.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946579 | 870 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Many cat breeds have fanciful and exotic sounding names, and, while some of these names are more descriptive than anything else – like the American Shorthair or the Japanese Bobtail – some are truly mysterious.
The Piawaian Kucing Malaysia: Lost In Translation
Malaysia’s recently recognized indigenous breed may have a long and difficult-to-pronounce name that conjures up visions of mist covered temples perching on craggy hills overlooking verdant jungles, but “kucing” merely means “cat” while “Piawaian” means “standards of”.
With Ragdoll colors and Tonkinese body-types, this breed may have been recognized by the Malaysian Cat Club, but it’s not yet internationally recognized.
The Donskoy: Mother Russia’s Cat
In 1987, a sighting of a strange, hairless cat in the Russian city of Rostov-on-Don in the Southern Federal District would lead to the discovery of a new breed of cats: the Donskoy.
Named after the city in which they were first found, these cats are not related to the other famous hairless breed, the Sphynx, because, in the Donskoy, hairlessness is the result of a dominant, and not a recessive, gene.
Not all Donskoys are hairless, though, and the four acceptable coat types are rubber bald, velour, flocked and brush.
The Peterbald: Mother Russia’s Cat’s Son
Breeders were so fascinated with the Donskoy that programs were set up to see what type of cats would be produced by crossbreeding it with the Siamese and the Oriental.
The result is the Peterbald, and its rather strange name is a combination of the name of the city in which the were first bred – St Petersburg – and the word “bald”, which obviously indicates the breed’s lack of coat.
Although the type of coat is similar to that of the Donskoy, the build more resembles that of the Oriental or modern Siamese.
The Khao Manee: Unbelievable Beauty
Anyone who’s seen a Khao Manee with its brilliant white coat and odd-colored, gold or blue gem-like eyes, will immediately understand why its name translates as White Gem.
Also known as the Diamond Cat, Gold and Silver Eye Cat and White Jewel, this incredibly rare white breed has been a part of Thai life and culture for centuries.
Originally, the only people allowed to own or breed these spectacular cats were members of the Siamese royalty, but this is no longer the case although Khao Manee kittens are extremely hard to find outside Thailand.
The Nebelung: From Page To Pet
This breed was started by Siegfried and Brunhilde, two semi-long-coated blue cats with looks very similar to the Russian Blue and who were named after the main characters in the epic Germanic poem, the Nibelungenlied.
Given the misty grey color of their coats, the German word for fog or mist – Nebel – was tacked onto Nibelung, and the portmanteau word Nebelung was born.
Subjected to very selective breeding programs, of which there are only a few in the world, Nebelungs are fairly rare, but they make gorgeous and shy pets.
|
<urn:uuid:c16d7089-13c1-4bfd-88b6-dce4ca0aec9a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
http://catbreedswithpictures.com/stories-behind-names-cat-breeds/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818694719.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926032806-20170926052806-00712.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955692 | 731 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Paired Sample Test Assignment Help
Paired sample t-test is a statistical method that is utilized to compare 2 populations implies when it comes to 2 samples that are associated. Paired sample t-test is utilized in ‘before-after’ research studies, or when the samples are the matched sets, or when it is a case-control research study.
If we offer training to a business worker and we desire to understand whether or not the training had any effect on the effectiveness of the worker, we might utilize the paired sample test.
We gather information from the worker on a 7 scale score, prior to the training and after the training. Using the paired sample t-test, we can statistically conclude whether training has actually enhanced the effectiveness of the worker. In medication, by utilizing the paired sample t-test, we can determine whether a specific medication will treat the health problem.
In paired sample test, a sample from the population is selected and 2 measurements for each aspect in the sample are taken. Each set of measurements is thought about a sample. Unlike the hypothesis testing studied up until now, the 2 samples are not independent of one another.
If you desire to identify whether consuming a glass of wine or consuming a glass of beer has the various or very same effect on memory, one technique is to take a sample of state 40 individuals, and have half of them consume a glass of wine and the other half consume a glass of beer, and then provide each of the 40 individuals a memory test and compare outcomes. This is the technique with independent samples.
Another technique is to take a sample of 20 individuals and have everyone consume a glass of wine and take a memory test, then have the very same individuals consume a glass of beer and once again take a memory test; lastly we compare the outcomes. This is the technique utilized with paired samples.
The Paired Samples t Test compares 2 methods that are from the very same person, item, or associated devices. The 2 methods generally represent 2 various times (e.g., post-test and pre-test with an intervention in between the 2 time points) or more various however associated conditions or systems (e.g., left and ideal ears, twins).
The function of the test is to figure out whether there is analytical proof that the mean distinction in between paired observations on a certain result is considerably various from absolutely no. The Paired Samples t Test is a parametric test.
The paired sample z-test or t-test (for low observations) is utilized to compare “paired” information throughout time. Popular research assistance for paired sample tests is comparing previously and after treatment information of the very same individuals.
The paired t-test determines the distinction within each before-and-after set of measurements, identifies the mean of these modifications, and reports whether this mean of the distinctions is statistically considerable.
Due to the fact that the latter consists of extra variation happening from the self-reliance of the observations, a paired t-test can be more effective than a 2-sample t-test. Since the paired observations are reliant, a paired t-test is not subject to this variation.
A paired t-test does not need both samples to have equivalent difference. If you can rationally resolve your research study concern with a paired design, it might be useful to do so, in combination with a paired t-test, to get more analytical power.
A paired t-test is utilized to compare 2 population suggests where you have 2 samples where observations in one sample can be coupled with observations in the other sample. Examples of where this may take place are:
– Before-and-after observations on the exact same topics (e.g. trainees’ diagnostic test results prior to and after a certain module or course).
– A contrast of 2 various techniques of measurement or 2 various treatments where the measurements/treatments are used to the exact same topics (e.g. high blood pressure measurements utilizing a dynamap and a stethoscope).
The Paired Samples t Test is typically utilized to test the following:
- – Statistical distinction in between 2 time points
- – Statistical distinction in between 2 conditions
- – Statistical distinction in between 2 measurements
- – Statistical distinction in between a matched set
The Paired Samples t Test can just compare the ways for 2 (and just 2) associated (paired) devices on a constant result that is usually dispersed. The Paired Samples t Test is not proper for analyses including the following: 1) unpaired information; 2) contrasts in between more than 2 units/groups; 3) a constant result that is not usually dispersed; and 4) an ordinal/ranked result.
– To compare unpaired ways in between 2 groups on a constant result that is generally dispersed, select the Independent Samples t Test.
– To compare unpaired ways in between more than 2 groups on a constant result that is generally dispersed, select ANOVA.
– To compare paired ways for constant information that are not generally dispersed, select the nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test.
– To compare paired methods for ranked information, select the nonparametric Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test.
When there is one measurement variable and 2 small variables, utilize the paired t– test. Among the small variables have just 2 values, so that you have several sets of observations.
The most typical design is that a person small variable represents specific organisms, while the other is “in the past” and “after” some treatment. Often the sets are spatial instead of temporal, such as best vs. left, hurt limb vs. unscathed limb, and so on. You can utilize the paired t– test for other sets of observations; for instance, you may sample an eco-friendly measurement variable above and listed below a source of contamination in numerous streams.
As an example, volunteers count the variety of reproducing horseshoe crabs on beaches on Delaware Bay every year; here are information from 2011 and 2012. The measurement variable is variety of horseshoe crabs, one small variable is 2011 vs. 2012, and the other small variable is the name of the beach. Each beach has one set of observations of the measurement variable, one from 2011 and one from 2012. The biological concern is whether the variety of horseshoe crabs has actually increased or down in between 2011 and 2012.
Utilize the paired t– test when you have one measurement variable and 2 small variables, among the small variables has just 2 values, and you just have one observation for each mix of the small variables; simply puts, you have numerous sets of observations. It checks whether the mean distinction in the sets is various from 0.
When measurements are taken from the very same topic prior to and after some control such as injection of a drug, the paired t test is normally utilized. You can utilize a paired t test to figure out the significance of a distinction in blood pressure prior to and after administration of a speculative pressor compound. You can likewise utilize a paired t test to compare samples that undergo various conditions, supplied the samples in each set equal otherwise.
We at Spsshelponline.com offer professional help for Paired Sample Test assignment or Paired Sample Test research. Our Paired Sample Test online tutors are professional in offering research help to trainees at all levels.
Please publish your assignment at spsshelponline.com to obtain the instantaneous Paired Sample Test research help. Paired Sample Test online tutors are offered 24/7 to supply assignment help in addition to Paired Sample Test research help.
|
<urn:uuid:52a81b74-4688-47f8-9f1c-b6c092592dd7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
https://www.spsshelponline.com/paired-sample-test-assignment-help-12097
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806353.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121113222-20171121133222-00313.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.913948 | 1,571 | 3.015625 | 3 |
With the talks in Paris currently under way, a number of organisations are looking at the implications of the post 2020 targets on their operations and at setting themselves meaningful GHG emission targets to stay within a global temperature increase of 2°C.
By Neil Salisbury
With the talks in Paris currently under way, a number of organisations are looking at the implications of the post 2020 targets on their operations and at setting themselves meaningful greenhouse gas emission targets to stay within a global temperature increase of 2°C from pre-industrial levels. The purpose of science-based targets is to inform business stakeholders on their “fair share” of effort required to achieve the 2°C pathway and the associated implications on company greenhouse gas reduction targets and business activities .
What is a science-based Target?
Targets adopted by companies to reduce GHG emissions are considered “science-based” if they are in line with the level of decarbonisation required to keep global average temperature increase below 2°C compared to pre-industrial temperatures, as described in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
TIPS ON SETTING A SCIENCE BASED TARGET
I outline below a few tips to help organisations develop meaningful science based greenhouse gas emission targets for their companies. Some of the steps below are valid for any target setting process and Tip#3 is quite specific to science based targets.
Tip#1: Mapping your Activities – determine emissions boundary
It is important to identify what activities are responsible for GHG emissions released into the atmosphere. Therefore, one of the first steps is to map your activities across your supply chain and identify the Scope1, Scope 2 and material Scope 3 emissions relevant to your organisational boundary. A number of guidelines and standards provide definitions and processes for setting your organisational boundary. In Australia the NGER Act refers to operational control and includes all corporate group members including all facilities under the operational control of the corporate group members. Internationally the ISO standard and the GHG protocol can assist you in determining your activities and emissions boundary.
Tip#2: Setting a Base and Target Year
Another important step is to determine the right commitment period for setting specific reduction targets. This means picking appropriate base and target years to track your reduction efforts. When setting a base year, organisations can use either a fixed or rolling base year. However, it is easier to communicate an organisation’s reduction against a fixed base year. In setting a base year, you should either select the earliest historical base year for which verifiable carbon emissions data are available or a multi-year average, if a single year’s data is unrepresentative of the company’s typical emission profile.
In setting a target year, organisations should look to facilitate longer term planning by setting both a long term target and interim short term reduction targets to track progress. Balancing the target level with the target year horizon is a risk management exercise for most organisations. There are pros and cons for setting long term targets. For example, a more distant target may carry greater risks, associated with changes in technology and markets, but it can encourage better planning for large capital investments with longer term GHG reduction benefits.
The methodology or standard you will use to develop your science based targets (see Tip#3 below) may have some bearing on the base year or commitment period. For instance, the sectoral decarbonisation approach (to develop a science based target) has a minimum base year of 2010.
Tip#3: Determine science based target methodology
Various methods can be used to develop a science based target. You need to carefully consider each risks and limitations associated with each method in light of your organisation’s goals and growth projections. The main differentiator between the main approaches described below is that they consider absolute targets or relative targets. based on expected economic growth. The following is a summary of the outline proposed in “Science Based Targets”, an initiative by CDP, WRI and WWF:
– The sectoral decarbonisation approach (SDA): This is probably the most comprehensive of approaches at it provides a sector-based approach for companies to set GHG reduction targets necessary to keep to a global 2°C temperature rise. The SDA has a subsector-level approach that differentiates it from other methods and global least- cost mitigation perspectives. The SDA allocates the 2°C carbon budget to different sectors: using the detailed sector-scenarios from the International Energy Agency’s 2°C Scenario (IEA 2DS) model, it is possible to estimate the 2°C-compatible carbon intensity for any sector by dividing the total direct emissions of the sector in any given year by the total activity of the sector in the same year.
– C-Fact: This method recommends that organisations should divide the company’s GHG footprint by its contribution to the world’s GDP. This is measured by dividing the company’s gross profit (or EBITDA + Operating Expenditures for non-profits or start-ups and when a company is not generating revenue) by the world GDP. Targets are then determined using approximate growth rates through 2050 using analyst or internal financial forecasts to derive the Carbon Intensity Reduction Rate for each company.
– MARS Method: MARS’ approach was to compare the group’s emissions to global GHG emissions and to scale it down linearly required world emissions to their group; i.e. the target is proportional to the overall world’s target, regardless of sector or any other consideration (The world’s emissions are at ~35 GT/yr. and need to come down 80% and MARS is ~14 MT and needs to come down 80%). This is based on absolute and not intensity metrics.
– GEVA (greenhouse gas emission per unit of value add): This approach proposes that if all nations reduce their “GHG emissions per unit of GDP” by 5% per year, global GHG emissions will be 50% lower in 2050 than in 2010, as long as the global economy continues to grow at its historical rate of 3.5% per year. The suggested 5% per year decrease can be translated directly into a corporate resolution to reduce corporate “GHG emissions per unit of value added” (GEVA) by 5% per year.
Tip#4: Setting a target
A study of the world’s largest 100 companies (by CDP) found that absolute targets are almost twice as popular as intensity targets, with many companies having both absolute and intensity metrics targeting different parts of the business. Among the group going for intensity based targets, half used a normalization measure based on a unit of production and a third used an intensity measure linked to revenue. Regardless of your choice, you should consider the following in setting a target:
- The development of a projected baseline emissions scenario under a business as usual scenario taking into account the companies investment and operations plan.
- The development and modelling of compatible emission pathways based on the identified methodology to assess the potential for organisations to meet these targets.
- Include, where possible, identified and potential emission reduction actions in the options analysis to determine overall likelihood, uncertainty and potential gap to meet the nominated targets.
- The scale of potential emissions reductions likely for your organisation,
- Factors outside your control in relation to emissions or energy use,
- The potential impact of setting targets on the growth of your organisation,
- The opportunity for cost-effective emissions or energy reductions, and
- Undertake detailed stakeholders’ consultations.
Tip#5: Track and report progress against target
Once you have established your targets and once implementation of measures to meet these targets is in train, it is important to track progress towards the targets. This will allow the adjustment of management and mitigation strategies and targets to reflect changes in context and business conditions. Typically, an action plan that provides a roadmap will be developed to help your organisations achieve set targets in an efficient way. While specific targets and business considerations will dictate the specific measures that will go into the action plan, it is actually important to include annual metrics to track progress. The plan can then be adjusted to incorporate new reduction measures, new technologies becoming available, and enabling policies that are put in place.
TiP#6: Verify emissions reductions
At a minimum, internal processes must be in place to check that expected emissions reductions eventuate as a result of implemented measures. This is essential to good governance and will enable organisational learning. While this is typically seen as a cost to the bottom line, it is important that you receive independent assurance/verification over the reported GHG emissions. Independent verification can enhance the credibility of an organisation’s progress towards its targets but it can also highlight any issues / risks that the organisation faces in achieving its targets.
For any questions on science based targets or to register your interest, contact our sustainability team
Point Advisory is an integrated sustainability consultancy. We have advised a large number of corporates and government agencies on target setting.
|
<urn:uuid:b9bf3467-4c50-4cfd-b438-debf5866acb8>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
http://www.pointadvisory.com/tips-on-setting-science-based-ghg-emission-targets/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370491998.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20200328134227-20200328164227-00152.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.929805 | 1,857 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Made by a local maker, the model is expected to attract the attention of collectors of local memorabilia when it goes under the hammer at auctioneers Golding Young & Mawer on Wednesday, June 20. Auctioneer John Leatt said: "Lincoln has a long and proud history of engineering and there will be many collectors of local memorabilia competing for this item on sale day. We expect it to sell for between £200 and £300." The Lincoln engineering company, William Foster and Co was well-known for developing an armoured fighting vehicle, known as the 'tank', during the First World War.
Before the war, the company specialised in agricultural machinery, such as tractors, threshing machines and steam engines. But with fighting in France reaching stalemate, the Admiralty Landship's Committee approached Fosters to put its engineering skills into developing a machine which could overcome the mud, cross trenches and barbed wire.
Managing director William Tritton, chief draughtsman William Rigby and engineer Walter Wilson, along with the loyal and highly skilled workforce, set to work to design and build the tank.
After one failed attempt, a tank named 'Mother' was created in 141 days and in 1916, the first tank saw action in France. The use of the tank had a huge effect on the war and is believed to have pushed it to its rightful conclusion.
The collection also includes four Mamod model engines which are estimated to sell for between £40 and £60 each. Elsewhere in the sale, there is anunusual clock called 'Mr Harrison's Sea Clock' by Sinclair Harding of Cheltenham which was made
in homage to the late John Harrison (1693-1776). Harrison was a clockmaker who invented the marine chronometer, a device which solved the problem of establishing the longitude of a ship at sea.
Mr Leatt added: "Harrison made the famous Marine Chronometer. The clock in this sale is unusual because it has linked bar balances or compound pendulums designed to allow the clock to function when not level. It also has one of Harrison's famous grasshopper escapements.
"We expect a great deal of interest in the clock from collectors on sale day and estimate it will sell for between £1,000 and £1,500." Meanwhile, a rare Flambe vase by Bernard Moore, depicting an owl catching mice, is estimated to sell for between £600 and £800. It was brought into one of the auction house's free valuation days.
A collection of Rock and Roll memorabilia is sure to leave bidders 'all shook up' when it goes under the hammer. The lot is estimated to sell for between £500 and £800 includes items signed by Eddie Cochrane and Gene Vincent. A rare, unframed Steve McQueen cinema poster for the film 'Bullet' is expected to sell for between £700 and £900.
The silver and jewellery section has in excess of 150 lots including numerous sovereigns, gold pocket watches and watch chains. Among the lots is an 18 carat gold half hunter pocket watch with an estimate of between £500 and £800.
A highlight of the furniture section is a Victorian walnut and marquetry side cabinet with an estimate of between £400 and £600 and a Victorian oak library bookcase. The sale also features collections of railway memorabilia including a signal, items of Royal Doulton china, Victorian glass, militaria and tin plate and die-cast toys. The next Fine Art and Collective Sale at the Grantham saleroom on Wednesday and Thursday, July 4 and 5.
|
<urn:uuid:a69fa739-4c0e-4136-ba65-ff5a7a48876e>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-34
|
https://www.goldingyoung.com/about/news/a-scale-model-of-a-fosters-of-lincoln-threshing-machine-is-one-of-the-highlights-of-the-june-sale-at-the-lincoln-auction-rooms/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439736902.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20200806091418-20200806121418-00554.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963922 | 746 | 2.78125 | 3 |
July is BIPOC Mental Health Month
Established in 2008 in honor of Bebe Moore Campbell, the formally recognized National Minority Mental Health Awareness month was created to bring awareness to the unique mental health struggles that underrepresented groups in the U.S. experience. Anyone can experience mental health challenges; they do not discriminate based on race, age, gender, or identity. At the same time, one’s background and identities can present unique experiences, specific barriers, and opportunities to get support. Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) and underrepresented communities face additional barriers including structural racism, access to quality care, and cultural stigmas.
This year Mental Health America is going #BeyondtheNumbers with a BIPOC Mental Health Month Toolkit. Join Balanced You and Mental Health America, and together we will gain knowledge of historical context, systems of support, and actionable ways to move forward toward a mentally healthy future.
Read more here about how to support yourself and your community with mental health resources and worksheets.
|
<urn:uuid:d0235a92-6418-45fa-944c-5b7ff237e1d1>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://kcemployees.com/2022/07/14/july-is-bipoc-mental-health-month/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948632.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327123514-20230327153514-00368.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.92182 | 213 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Identifying diseases at an early, presymptomatic stage may offer the best chance for establishing proper treatment and improving patient outcomes. A new technique known as immunosignaturing harnesses the human immune system as an early warning sentryone acutely sensitive to changes in the body that may be harbingers of illness.
Now, Brian Andrew Chase and Barten Legutki, under the guidance of Stephen Albert Johnston, director of the Center for Innovations in Medicine at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute have shown that these immunosignatures are not only strong indicators of pre-symptomatic illness, but that samples from serum, plasma, saliva and dried blood can yield reliable and highly stable diagnostic results under a variety of conditions.
As Johnston explains, the new data advance the prospects for applying immunosignaturing as a sensitive, low-cost, universal system for assessing health status. "Our ultimate goal is to monitor the health of healthy people, so it is crucial we have a technique that is cheap, simple and, as we demonstrate here, robust."
The group's results recently appeared in the journal Clinical and Vaccine Immunology.
Immunosignaturing uses random sequence arrays of peptides to trawl for antibodies to disease. Previous work has demonstrated that a glass slide containing an array of some 10,000 such random sequences, each composed of 20 amino acids, can be used to screen the body's full complement of antibodies, when a single drop of blood is spread over its surface.
When the antibodies present in a sample of blood are splayed over the peptide array, they selectively bind to these peptides with varying degrees of affinity. Once the blood is washed away, a machine-readable image of immune activity is left behindthe immunosignaturepotentially providing pre-symptomatic diagnosis for a broad range of ailments, from infectious diseases to chronic afflictions to varied fo
Arizona State University
|
<urn:uuid:d5994f13-85ff-4ca3-8ec4-ca850691a589>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-news-1/Immunosignaturing-3A-An-accurate--affordable-and-stable-diagnostic-24651-1/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697917013/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095157-00040-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.919081 | 397 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Diakonia’s partner organizations working in regions of conflict
Colombia, Uganda and Somalia – Diakonia is on site in many countries where previous or ongoing conflicts are affecting people's security and livelihoods. We are working in various ways to contribute to a peaceful and just resolution of these conflicts.
Involving civil society
There are ongoing conflicts in all the regions in which Diakonia works, but the vast majority of these are internal. Religion and ethnicity are often used to explain the conflict, but when you take a closer look, you find that the war is fundamentally about control over resources. In the wake of these conflicts, there is increased violence against women and children, and an increase in the spread of HIV and AIDS.
Diakonia has many partner organizations that work in regions of conflict, and they work in a variety of ways depending on the country, and the phase of the conflict. What they have in common is their focus on respect for human rights and the mobilization of civil society. Women and men must be empowered to have a voice in the processes that to lead to peace.
Justice a prerequisite for peace
Working for a peaceful solution must also involve bringing to justice those responsible for war crimes and crimes against human rights. Genuine peace is preceded by justice being done and the creation of just and fair social structures.
International reactions are important for bringing hostilities to an end or bringing about improvements in peace agreements. For this reason, and in cases where this is possible, Diakonia also focuses on the question of how Swedish, European and international policies can contribute to the cessation of hostilities in the countries in which it works. Similarly, in many instances international pressure is one of the prerequisites for a just peace to become a reality.
|
<urn:uuid:ea2f1e75-3630-46e3-bc2b-bdb5fd656509>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://www.diakonia.se/en/how-we-work/advocacy-and-policy/conflict-and-justice/partners-promote-peace-processes/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943471.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320083513-20230320113513-00527.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962327 | 361 | 2.640625 | 3 |
A Hand from History - Preface
“On the surface, Zhuan Falun is not elegant in terms of language. It might even not comply with modern grammar. If I were to use modern grammar to organize this book of Dafa, however, a serious problem would arise wherein though the structure of the book’s language might be standard and elegant, it would not encompass a more profound and higher content. This is because modern, standardized terminology cannot express the guidance of Dafa at different high levels and the manifestation of the Fa at each level; neither is it able to bring about practitioners’ transformation of benti and gong, or other such fundamental changes.”
January 5, 1996
When I first read the above passage, I was shaken from the inside out. I saw the inner meanings behind these simple words, and realized that they happened to be the solution to a problem that had troubled me for the last four years. My problem was that I could not figure out how to resolve the conflict between the limitations of human knowledge and the vastness of the universe itself. That inner conflict is described very clearly in the book Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid. Just like the book says, painting, mathematical formulation, and music are all human languages in their own distinctive ways. The only difference is simply that each chooses a different method of expression. In addition, there are many other ways of expression that humans do not know about. These different ways of expression are connected with one other in certain ways but unconnected in others. For example, one can use mathematical formulae to record the notes in a piece of music, but mathematical formulae can not express the deep human emotions that are embedded into the music. Music and painting can both be used to express human emotions, but music can not capture the visual images associated with emotions the way a painting can. Mathematical formulation can be used to sketch out visual images in a most rudimentary way, but is good for little else. Even if one tries to use all the forms of expression known to humans at the same time to express himself, he still can not come close to describing any of his actual experiences in an adequate manner. The ancient Chinese people were very much aware of this intrinsic problem. Liu Xie, a noted writer in ancient China, wrote, “A human being can only live for a short amount of time. Yet the amount of knowledge out there is endless. How could a human being use something that so short to pursue something that is endless? What a sad thing it is!” The ancient Chinese, therefore, decided not to explore the world around them that way (i.e., through the search for human knowledge). Instead, as Sima Qian wrote in The Record of the Grand Historian, the ancient Chinese chose to focus on “understanding why heavenly beings behave in a certain way” as they tried to find answers to their questions about the mysteries of life.
In summary, the methods that human beings use to absorb knowledge are too few and too superficial. The human language itself even has trouble expressing a human being’s own way of thinking and consciousness. The problem is not that Master Li’s writings are inelegant. The problem is that our methods and abilities of comprehension and understanding are too elementary.
Master Li said that the principles of mutual-generation and mutual-inhibition will change in the future. At this time, through mutual-generation and mutual-inhibition there appear kindness and wickedness, which are in sharp contrast with one another but still manage to co-exist. All the old ideas and thoughts in our minds as we cultivate ourselves can be used by evil and are things that we have not managed to correct in our cultivation. Maybe these ideas and thoughts are themselves evil. Through the process of mutual-generation and mutual-inhibition, people in the past have basically fought with one another about everything they touched. There is an old Buddhist expression: “there are no such a thing as right or wrong in the human world.” The reality is that whenever you think you are right or wrong, you are wrong.
At this time, we should no longer concentrate on our own personal cultivation. Our roles are to participate in the Fa-rectification process. Therefore, it is our responsibility to eliminate all the old ideas and thoughts that are in human society today. In everything that we do, we are not trying to fight with anybody. We are simply helping to eliminate everything that should be eliminated. We are eliminating the evils and everything that is evil. Along the way, we are helping Master Li to bring salvation to more people. At the same time, things that are old and evil will never allow themselves to be trashed and thrown away without putting up a fight. We are telling people the most righteous principles on the human level so they will no longer believe in or pursue the old and evil things. Then these evil things will lose their credibility, have no place to hide, and no longer have any excuse to justify their existence. They will come to realize that there is no other possible outcome for them besides being eliminated.
As long as we determinedly cultivate ourselves in Dafa, all of us practitioners should have parts that have cultivated well. Every one of us has those parts. Hasn’t Master Li told us this a long time ago? Master Li is changing each of us from the innermost core of our being. The parts of us that have cultivated well are already on the other side, pure and uncontaminated. Whenever we encounter problems, so many different thoughts invariably pop into our minds. Yet isn’t that one in-born thought, the thought that meets the standard of the Dafa from the very depth of our beings, the most righteous one? We are faced with a lot of interference. Yet the power of that pure thought surpasses everything that is evil by far!
We should never ever allow ourselves be controlled by the way humans think. The thoughts of human beings are at a very low level, contain many impurities, and are precisely the things that we need to rectify. The Fa is in the midst of everything around us. If you use a calm heart and pure thoughts to examine everything around us, you will see the manifestations of the Fa everywhere.
Master Li said that Yin and Yang are principles only in this milky world. All of the old human knowledge and science are just a small part of one dimension in the Three Realms of the Milky world. How can we be limited by something that is so small and insignificant? We should not allow such a boundary or limitation to remain in our heads. We are verifying the Fa and not asking for anything from the everyday people. We are ushering in everything that is new, not trying to satisfy the curiosity of the everyday people.
We should use our wisdom to verify Dafa. This will not only let us fulfill our mission, but also justify our existence in rightfulness and help bring salvation to more people.
Master Li said that today’s science is not scientific at all because it can not prove the existence of De. It can not prove that there are consequences for good deeds and bad deeds. I have come to realize that science itself is very self-serving. I will try to illustrate that from a personal standpoint.
Master Li said that the Theory of the Five Elements in ancient China has a lot of merit to it. The ancient Chinese civilization was not something invented or created by one person. It was actually something broad and immense. This is absolutely true. I have studied the Five Elements, the Book of Changes, Ba Gua, Qimendunjia, and many ancient Chinese books for a long time, and received a lot of inspiration from those studies. The theories behind Yin-Yang or the Five Elements have so much depth. They have no beginnings and no endings, and greatly surpass today’s science.
Science in the new era should be used to fight against anything that is evil and promote kindness. People should no longer be allowed to use it as means to accomplish selfish goals. As the new science develops, people should come to realize the real meaning of life and why one should try to return to his origin more and more clearly. The new science should serve as a ladder helping people to climb up as they try to improve their understandings of the real Buddha Fa. It should be connected to the truth in the universe, and cease being a guardrail for people who are trying to build a shaky skyscraper. It should be in perfect harmony and cover everything that is in the human world.
(Translated from http://www.zhengjian.org/sci/sci/home/newscontent.asp?ID=9380)
|
<urn:uuid:cd078aee-f038-405c-8676-5a64151ab81c>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://www.pureinsight.org/node/660
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703788336/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112948-00092-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964336 | 1,799 | 2.609375 | 3 |
A comprehensive, relevant, and accessible look at all aspects of Indigenous Australian history and culture What is The Dreaming? How many different Indigenous tribes and languages once existed in Australia? What is the purpose of a corroboree? What effect do the events of the past have on Indigenous peoples today? Indigenous Australia For Dummies answers these questions and countless others about the oldest race on Earth. It explores Indigenous life in Australia before 1770, the impact of white settlement, the ongoing struggle by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to secure their human rights and equal treatment under the law, and much more. Celebrating the contributions of Indigenous people to contemporary Australian culture, the book explores Indigenous art, music, dance, literature, film, sport, and spirituality. It discusses the concept of modern Indigenous identity and examines the ongoing challenges facing Indigenous communities today, from health and housing to employment and education, land rights, and self-determination. * Explores significant political moments?such as Paul Keating's Redfern Speech and Kevin Rudd's apology, and more * Profiles celebrated people and organisations in a variety of fields, from Cathy Freeman to Albert Namatjira to the Bangarra Dance Theatre and the National Aboriginal Radio Service * Challenges common stereotypes about Indigenous people and discusses current debates, such as a land rights and inequalities in health and education This book will enlighten readers of all backgrounds about the history, struggles and triumphs of the diverse, proud, and fascinating peoples that make up Australia's Indigenous communities. With a foreword by former PM Malcolm Fraser, Indigenous Australia For Dummies is a must-read account of Australia's first people. 'Indigenous Australia For Dummies is an important contribution to the broad debate and to a better understanding of our past history. Hopefully it will influence future events.'?Former Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser
Professor Larissa Behrendt is a Eualeyai and Kamillaroi woman. She is Professor of Law and Director of Research at the Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning at the University of Technology, Sydney, and the author of several novels and books about Indigenous issues. She was named as 2009 NAIDOC Person of the Year and 2011 New South Wales Australian of the Year.
Foreword xvii Introduction 1 Part I: An Ancient People: Then and Now 5 Chapter 1: Understanding Indigenous Australia 7 Chapter 2: Rich Past, Strong Traditions 17 Chapter 3: A Land of Cultural Diversity 35 Chapter 4: Traditional Cultural Values and Practices 51 Part II: Invasion 69 Chapter 5: First Contacts 71 Chapter 6: The Brits' First Colony: 1788 79 Chapter 7: Pushing the Boundaries of the Colony 91 Chapter 8: Land, Livestock and Loss 113 Chapter 9: Taking the Children 127 Part III: Indigenous Activism 145 Chapter 10: Citizenship Rights 147 Chapter 11: The 1967 Referendum 169 Chapter 12: Land Rights 183 Chapter 13: The Era of Reconciliation 203 Chapter 14: Practical Reconciliation 223 Chapter 15: The Apology and Beyond 241 Part IV: Contemporary Indigenous Cultures 253 Chapter 16: More than Rocks and Dots: Indigenous Art 255 Chapter 17: Singing and Dancing 277 Chapter 18: Indigenous Literature: We've Always Been Storytellers 293 Chapter 19: Performance Storytelling: Film, Theatre, Television and Radio 305 Chapter 20: Indigenous People and Sport 331 Part V: Dealing with Current Issues 355 Chapter 21: Social Issues: Health, Housing, Education and Employment 357 Chapter 22: Legal and Governance Issues 377 Part VI: The Part of Tens 395 Chapter 23: Ten Important Indigenous Cultural Sites 397 Chapter 24: Ten Indigenous Firsts 401 Chapter 25: Ten Myths about Indigenous People 407 Chapter 26: Ten Key Legal Decisions 413 Glossary 419 Index 421
|
<urn:uuid:606d1620-bb9e-4c8b-8f9d-554482d4ecc2>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://shop.matildabookshop.com.au/p/aust-history-indigenous-australia-for-dummies
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370506959.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402111815-20200402141815-00378.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.880106 | 763 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Date: January 11 2013
Australia was already a land of extremes but it's hotter than before with a greater risk of more heatwaves and more severe weather.
The Climate Commission says the length, extent and severity of the present heatwave is unprecedented and shows climate change is making extreme heat and bushfires worse.
It says the impact needs to be understood to plan for more of the same.
In a report called Off the charts: Extreme Australian summer heat, one of the authors, David Karoly, says the heatwave has affected over 70 per cent of Australia and longstanding temperature records have been broken.
"Although Australia has always had heatwaves, hot days and bushfires, climate change is increasing the risk of more frequent and longer heatwaves and more extreme hot days, as well as exacerbating bushfire conditions," Professor Karoly said in a statement.
"The baseline conditions have shifted.
"We live in a hotter world and the rise of more frequent and severe extreme weather has already increased."
The current conditions are unusual because of their widespread nature and duration, the report says.
Heat is a "silent killer" because small changes in the environment can have dramatic impact on the human body.
The report says if the core body temperature exceeds 38 degrees Celsius for several hours judgment and behaviour can be impaired.
Heatwaves in recent years have resulted in increased hospital admissions and death.
The Climate Commission says having a good understanding of climate change risks can ensure that action is taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and plans are made to respond to more extreme weather.
This material is subject to copyright and any unauthorised use, copying or mirroring is prohibited.
[ SMH | Text-only index]
|
<urn:uuid:f7a9d6c5-e724-4cc7-95ef-bb548edc3698>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://www.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/country-getting-hotter-climate-commission-20130112-2clxm.html?skin=text-only
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320695.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626083037-20170626103037-00303.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.954889 | 351 | 3.5625 | 4 |
When Brock University researchers travel to Crawford Lake Conservation Area this weekend, they will do so in hopes of collecting samples that will define the Anthropocene — the next age of humanity and a new epoch.
Brock University’s Faculty of Mathematics and Science has a storied history at the Milton, Ont., site. Research began in the 1970s by now retired Biological Sciences Professor Mike Dickman, who studied the calm waters of the deep lake.
Work at Crawford Lake has continued since, and may take a significant step forward on Sunday, Feb. 20.
Earth Sciences Professor Francine McCarthy and fellow researchers will collect freeze-core samples — one of which will be curated at the Canadian Museum of Nature’s cryogenic facility — with the hopes one will be the ‘golden spike’ to define the Anthropocene Epoch.
McCarthy’s fieldwork is part of a multi-institutional effort from across Canada to support Crawford Lake’s candidacy for the potential site of the Anthropocene.
“To define a new geologic epoch, scientists must establish a Global Stratotype Section and Point, sometimes referred to as a ‘golden spike,’” said McCarthy. “A golden spike is an internationally agreed-upon location with a reference point in a section of rock or sediment layers that signals the beginning of a new episode in the geologic time scale.”
At Crawford Lake, annually laminated sediments called varves form from the accumulation of dark organic matter after organisms in the upper water column die, mainly in fall and winter, and tiny calcite crystals that form when the water is sufficiently warm in the summer gradually sink to the lakebed. This allows sediment layers to be precisely dated, much like tree rings.
The samples are recovered through freeze-coring — a process that involves dropping a dry ice and ethanol filled metal sampler into the lakebed, freezing a rind of sediment to the sampler.
Because the boundary between the Holocene and Anthropocene would be deep underwater, the freeze-core sample is used instead of a physical spike inserted into a rock layer.
A sample taken Sunday, potentially containing the Anthropocene’s ‘golden spike,’ will be preserved at the Canadian Museum of Nature.
Faculty of Mathematics and Science Dean Ejaz Ahmed congratulated McCarthy and fellow Earth Sciences Professor Martin Head on the sample’s inclusion at the museum.
“It is important for academics and Earth Science researchers to have direct access to the sample containing the spike,” he said.
McCarthy and Head are both members of the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) of the International Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (ISQS). They are tasked with helping solidify the definition of the term Anthropocene and part of the voting committee deciding which locations will be submitted to the International Commission on Stratigraphy for inclusion as the most recent epoch in the Geologic Time Scale.
The public is welcome to witness the sample collection at Crawford Lake, including a viewing of the cores at the conservation area’s Visitor Centre. Visitors can observe the coring from viewing locations along the boardwalk around the lake. McCarthy will also be available at the on-site Interpretive Centre at times in the afternoon to answer questions about the research and significance of the event.
What: Witness the collection of freeze-core samples for the Canadian Museum of Nature’s cryogenic facility. Please note, visitors are not able to walk out onto the ice to observe the coring but can watch from viewing locations along the boardwalk around the lake.
When: Sunday, Feb. 20 from noon to 4 p.m.
Where: Crawford Lake Conservation Area, 3115 Conservation Rd., Milton. Ask for directions to the site itself at the Interpretive Centre. For those unable to attend in person, a virtual tour of Crawford Lake is available online.
Who: Brock Professors Francine McCarthy, Martin Head and Mike Pisaric, researchers from Carleton, McMaster and Queen’s Universities, Conservation Halton President and CEO Hassaan Basit as well as the Canadian Museum of Nature and the Royal Ontario Museum.
Please note, there is a fee to access the conservation area and reservations are required as space is limited. For more information, visit the Conservation Halton Parks website.
|
<urn:uuid:cd8cdba3-aeab-48f4-91b2-f143af645a3a>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://brocku.ca/brock-news/2022/02/brock-researchers-hope-to-collect-golden-spike-to-define-anthropocene-at-sunday-event/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510529.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929222230-20230930012230-00597.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.910371 | 904 | 3.15625 | 3 |
If you teach young people ages ten and up (and often younger), it is a given that they are attached to their phones at every opportunity. Why not take advantage of social media in and out of the classroom to engage your students in a different and exciting way?
Many educators view social media as a nightmare to be tolerated, but it can be useful – and promote learning – in the proper context. Try one or more of these recommendations to tickle the interest of your students in a new way. It is an excellent opportunity for students to interact who may not feel comfortable speaking up in class.
Create a Class Blog
For a twist on traditional writing assignments, have students share their writing online in a class blog. Writing online where everyone in the class sees it can foster classroom community and teaches online communication basics in a blog format. Require classmates to comment on posts.
Write Twitter Summaries
With a limit of 280 characters in 2021, it can be challenging to get your point across via Twitter. Sharpen your students’ writing skills by having them “tweet” a summary of a poem or chapter, answer a question, or write a really short story within the character constraints.
Classroom Facebook Page
Although Facebook is no longer the “in” social media platform for most youngsters, use it to create a class forum by posting homework assignments, school activities, and contact information. Include parents, too.
Social Media Profile
Make history come alive by having students create social media profiles for historical figures, whether they are handwritten or posted to Facebook, LinkedIn, or Twitter. Classmates can post comments and ask the person questions, requiring the poster to have extensive knowledge of the historical figure.
As with all online communication, it is essential to ensure that everyone follows the school’s rules for acceptable use policies. It may also be prudent to download monitoring software to notify you of at-risk behavior and protect students from cyberbullying.
Since students are online so much anyway, why not incorporate it in the classroom? It is easier than you think, and your class may surprise you with their creativity.
|
<urn:uuid:69974f8e-cce4-4aaa-91cb-be203ca6348b>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.prepforward.com/using-social-media-in-the-classroom/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646652.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610233020-20230611023020-00363.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937396 | 434 | 3.578125 | 4 |
1. Kusala Tika:
(i) (985). What are the meritorious dhamma?
There are the three roots of meritoriousness, viz. absence of greed (alobha), absence of hatred (adosa) and absence of bewilderment (amoha); the aggregate of Sensation, the aggregate of Perception, the aggregate of Volitional Activities and the aggregate of Consciousness associated with the above roots of meritoriousness; and physical action, verbal action and mental action arising on account of these roots of meritoriousness.
~ These are the meritorious dhamma.
(ii) (1384). What are the meritorious dhamma?
There are: (21) meritorious thoughts pertaining to the four spheres of existence (Sensuous Sphere, 8; Fine Material Sphere, 5; Non-material Sphere, 4; the Supramundane, 4)
~These are the meritorious dhamma.
|
<urn:uuid:288d5a1a-6e30-4bde-8722-298944952d71>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://abhidhamma-studies.weebly.com/tika-1i.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657146845.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713194203-20200713224203-00053.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.835107 | 207 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Defensive Basketball Techniques
Defensive techniques used in preparing for football games can be applied to those used in basketball. In football, the aim is to use schemes, formation, and techniques which limit the advancement of the ball. One technique is to identify the tendencies and find ways to counteract them. For instance, in basketball, if you found a way to decrease the opponent's shooting percentage by five percent, that could create a differential of six to eight points. That's a worthy accomplishment.
Let's begin by looking at the man-to-man defensive techniques. One of the first determinations is the dominant hand of your opponent; either right-handed or left-handed. This is the shooting hand, and it determines how you guard your man and obstructing the shooting path. The next determination is which foot is the pivot foot. This can change with possessions and determines the drive side tendency, frequently to the non-pivot foot side. Another tell is the hand position on the ball. Shooting hand behind the ball indicates preparing for a shot. Hands to the side of the ball indicate preparing to pass. Hand on the upper part of the ball indicates preparing to dribble and which hand indicates going left or right.
Another indicator is dribble patterns. Players who dribble between the legs or behind the back do so in repeated patterns prior to shooting or driving to the basket. Knowing that tendency gives the defensive player a slight edge, a fraction of a second to contest the shot or dribble drive. Contested shots or drives decreases the scoring percentage and by how much depends on the agility and quickness of the defensive player. It also depends on the player's ability to read and react to indicators.
Reading tendencies can likewise assist in making steals. By watching dribble rhythms and patterns, the defensive player can predict where the ball is going to be and can poke at that spot deflecting the ball. Such a move requires knowing at what point to attack and with practice become instinctive instead of mental. Targeting too early allows the opponent to redirect the dribble and too late leaves the defender out of position. The attack point is usually as the dribbled ball is ascending to the opponent's hand where a dribble follows the predetermined pattern. Stealing the ball in this way not only wreaks the opponent's confidence, but it also adds two points to the scoring differential. It stops a scoring attempt averaging one point per possession and allows a scoring opportunity by the defense averaging one-point per.
Team defense combines the aforementioned techniques but adds coordinated moves of helping out. This could be impending or cutting off passing lanes or even trapping a stationary player and obstructing passing or shooting lanes. Other times it's correcting a mismatch such as a short player guarding a tall one, or an exceptional shooter facing a mediocre defender. Helping out is a constant risk-reward choice as double-teaming can have positive results or it can leave an opponent completely open. Thus, helping out requires all five defensive players working as a team. This means when one player moves to help out, the defensive responsibilities of the other three changes.
How it changes depends on the skill set of your opponents. For instance, a low-percentage outside shooter requires less attention than an inside center who dominates the paint scoring and rebounding. Such a player would require special treatment including double-teaming, sagging defense, and / or denying him the ball.
A major defensive problem is dealing with screens, the peel-off, and resulting mismatches. This is where analysis of tendencies can become a big advantage. Do they use the screen to set up an open shot or a drive to the basket? Or do they use it as a slip screen where the screener peels off toward the basket? How you defend it depends on their tendencies and the scoring threat of the players involved. Good defense requires making calculated choices that result in the best outcome.
Any defensive team is not going to be able to shut down an offense. Instead, the objective should be to limit points per possession. Defensive rebounding plays into this scenario as limiting second chances greatly reduces points per possession. While the defense has an advantage by being closer to the basket, it can up this advantage by solid rebounding techniques. Blocking out your opponent is basic, but defending likely landing spots is just as important. For instance, missed mid-range jumpers fall closer to the basket versus long three-pointers. Layups and put-backs are closer yet. Using this information can increase the rebounding percentages.
In addition, rebounding position is more important when facing taller, more athletic players. Blocking out is not enough, one must keep one's opponent off balance by maintaining contact and restricting their jumping ability.
Switching is another defensive ploy where players pass off guarding responsibility to another player. This could be a verbal or non-verbal exchange and is commonly employed in high-screen pick and roll situations. Most of the trouble in this area is that the switch is not definitive and one or both offensive players have an advantage. Players get caught in that area of indecision and offensive players are left uncontested. Communication is a must remedy for such situations. Likewise, going to a mini-zone defense helps correct such mismatches and allows players to regroup.
In a zone defense, players are assigned an area to guard instead of a player. Usually, players move in a formation angling toward the ball with little separation between them. This spacing reduces dribbling or drives to the basket. Thus, the offense is relegated to passing the ball to an open man and taking mostly long shots. One strategy in this defense is to encourage shooting by low percentage shooters and play for the rebounds. Another strategy is to contest shots by likely shooters thus reducing percentages.
Zone defense requires discipline in maintaining spacing and moving to the ball in a decisive and confronting manner. Here again, passing patterns soon emerge that predict scoring chances and which players are likely to shoot and when. This information allows the defense to increase confrontations at those moments. Such an intense defense can be exhausting and requires recovery moments. These can be taken on offense walking the ball up the court, taking time off the clock and shooting later during the shot clock. Keeping up a high-paced game can be regressive and detrimental to a winning cause. Thus, attention to recovery is a must.
On defense, you have several allies, namely the sidelines, the five-second rule, and the shot clock. When opponents get next to the sideline, it's like you have another defender on them as they can only go sideways. And if they have used their dribble, it's a tense moment which could lead to a turnover. Likewise, when pressed they may step back out of bounds. So, steering your opponent to the sidelines is a good thing and creates more chaotic moments for the offense.
Taking advantage of the five-second rule on out-of-bounds throw-ins can be instrumental in tight games. Taking over five seconds results in a turnover. When the offense has to go the length of the court, one can take risks and go for a quick turnover. As such, the defensive alignment that smothers the throw-in should be a rapid accumulation of defenders. First one, then two, and quickly three all blocking every possible passing lane create a chaotic challenge for the passer. Does the passer chance an interception or does he have time to call a time out?
In college, the five-second rule also applies to an offensive player being closely guarded by a defender and not advancing the ball toward the basket. This rule eliminates a dribbler running out the clock with no attempt to score. Here again, when defenders smother the dribbler and obstruct passing lanes, such action can result in a violation and turnover.
Being cognizant of the shot clock can also produce positive results, for when there are five to seven seconds remaining, the offense is compelled to get a shot off. This is the time to disrupt the flow and step of the defensive attack. By inhibiting passing to primary shooters, more time is run off thus rushing poorer shooters to take bad shots. Such a strategy requires the defense knowing the skill set of offensive players and their shooting percentage, then defending accordingly.
While scouting strategies are common in football, awareness, and application of them in basketball can be a game changer. These strategies could emerge through studying opponent's stats and videos, or by in-person observations and scouting reports. By countering the tendencies, the skill sets of the opposition, a team can gain an advantage against formable opponents. Knowing what your opposition is likely to do is smart basketball. However, you need to know which tendencies to look for and how to incorporate appropriate countermeasures into your game plan. That's not only smart basketball, but it's also brilliant.
The author wrote a companion article on the offensive aspect entitled, "Basketball: 5-Player Schemes Promote Winning Ideals."
|
<urn:uuid:558eeab4-1f79-4a87-812f-390ee86a5734>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://jackydeen.com/?p=5487
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224651815.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605085657-20230605115657-00226.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953312 | 1,826 | 2.890625 | 3 |
What makes a great leader? One common trait that rises above the rest is their ability to continue moving forward in spite of the obstacles and stressors along the way, or in other words, their resilience in times of constant change. Resilience is more than just character. It is a skill that can be cultivated by leaders to face the ever-changing landscape of the world. By enhancing resilience, leaders can not only learn how to navigate through the constant organizational change they encounter on a daily basis but improve their personal and social life as well. To further understand how resilient leaders come to be, we need to look into the foundation of it all – the human brain.
The Resilient Brain
Researchers in the fields of neuroscience and psychology have attempted to uncover whether there are observable differences between the brains of people who have stronger personal resilience compared to others. In a 2019 study led by neuroscientist Dr. Laura Moreno-Lopez from the University of Cambridge, they discovered that there were physical differences in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala, which are the regions of the brain crucial in producing, processing, and regulating emotions. These findings support a 2018 study which revealed that resilient individuals had less brain connectivity, especially in the amygdala - related to fear learning - compared to others indicating a possible isolation of this emotional reaction center. Though studies on the resilient brain are incremental and sparse, their results open the possibilities of future research and studies of how brain development can mold resilient leaders in times of constant change.
A key concept in understanding the relationship between resilience and brain development is neuroplasticity - the brain’s ability to grow, adapt, and change by forming new neurons and networks in the brain throughout one’s life. This capacity is what allows individuals to change dysfunctional thought patterns, develop new mindsets, and acquire new skills and abilities. While previous studies have suggested that the brain’s neuroplasticity declines significantly after childhood, recent research has shown that the brain remains plastic and adaptable throughout life, provided that it is continuously challenged and stimulated in the right ways. Many practices have been identified to enhance neuroplasticity including meditation, exercise, and continuous learning, among others. It has also been shown that exceptional leadership can be traced because of improved neuroplasticity. Due to the nature of the role, leaders need to practice quick thinking, strategy, decision making, and emotional resilience to navigate and address the constant organizational changes and developments to ensure the health and wellbeing of the organization and the people.
Implications on Leadership Today
The field of neuroscience has been making waves in the world of leadership, unveiling groundbreaking discoveries into the intricate connections between brain development and effective leadership practices. One study even went as far as scanning the brains of leaders and decision makers to see how they are wired differently compared to others. Resilient leaders are known to have increased cognitive flexibility, stronger emotional regulation, and an enhanced ability to empathize with one’s team, compared to their peers. By applying this knowledge of how the brain works when it comes to developing one’s personal resilience, leaders can use these principles for their own growth as well as teaching and mentoring their people on how to better handle work stress, organizational changes, and whatever life may throw at them.
In conclusion, the study of resilient leadership using a neuroscientific lens offers leaders additional opportunities to unlock their full potential and achieve greater success. By understanding and leveraging neuroplasticity, leaders can cultivate their personal resilience as well as organizational resilience, paving the way for more effective leadership and healthy organizations in a constantly changing world.
|
<urn:uuid:6d9f6e75-27e2-421c-ac3d-eb7b31475bc3>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.change-institute.org/post/wired-for-resilience-the-link-between-brain-development-and-effective-leadership
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510300.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927135227-20230927165227-00509.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958679 | 737 | 3.375 | 3 |
Mentally ill and in good mental health may sound like an oxymoron, but its not. Think about it, just as it’s possible to have poor mental health but no mental illness, it’s entirely possible to have good mental health even with a diagnosis of mental illness. Mental health exists on a continuum. Everyone has good and bad days. What’s important is how we handle them.
Good mental health applies to us all. It is about our ability to take care of ourselves emotionally, physically, mentally and relationally no matter what kind of day we are having. It’s about managing our daily stressors and keeping them in perspective. Mental illness on the other hand affects a fraction of the population- stats reveal one in five people. There are many different illnesses, and they have different symptoms that impact people’s lives in different ways. For example, when you have met one person with bipolar disorder you have met one person with bipolar disorder.
The practice of good mental health requires us all to tend to our changing needs. This will call for different actions at different times. Perhaps going for a run or listening to your favourite music playlist or both, will provide a mood boost. Other actions may include, retreating from or engaging with others, taking medication regularly if that is what is required, and not to mention taking care of the basics like diet, sleep and exercise.
So, no matter where you are on the spectrum of mental health, know you are not alone. There is so much that can be done to optimize your well being. Know your limits and live within them.
|
<urn:uuid:ce8c72f9-40f5-427d-a50f-6eb3a471d7e4>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://whenlightningstrikestwice.com/tag/sleep/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655882934.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20200703184459-20200703214459-00202.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.9584 | 331 | 3 | 3 |
Profs say classroom 'civility' promotes 'white racial power'
- In a recent academic journal article, two University of Northern Iowa professors blast the prevalence of "whiteness-informed civility" in college classrooms, saying that civil behavior reinforces "white racial power."
- They say that endeavoring to "treat everyone the same" regardless of race, for instance, “functions to erase racial identity in the attempt to impose a race-evasive frame on race-talk.”
Two University of Northern Iowa professors recently argued that practicing “civility” in college classrooms can “reproduce white racial power.”
C. Kyle Rudick and Kathryn B. Golsan assert in a recent academic article that civility, particularly “whiteness-informed civility,” allegedly “functions to assert control of space” and “create a good white identity.”
This civility can reinforce white privilege, Rudick and Goslan argue, because “civility within higher education is a racialized, rather than universal, norm,” according to the field of “critical whiteness studies.”
To study this phenomenon, Rudick and Goslan interviewed 10 white college students and asked them questions such as “What do you consider to be civil behaviour?” and “How do you think your racial identity may affect your understandings of civility when talking with students of color?”
Students who indicated that they “treat everyone the same way” were accused of trying to create a “good White identity,” according to Rudick and Goslan’s analysis.
“First, participants stated that they tried to avoid talking about race or racism with students of color to minimize the chance that they would say something ‘wrong’ and be labeled a racist,” the professors report. “Another way that participants described how they tried to be civil when interacting with students of color was to be overly nice or polite.”
White students who make an extra effort to be nice to students of color, Rudick and Goslan claim, are merely upholding “white privilege” and “white racial power.”
Even students who indicated that they treat “everyone the same” were accused of reinforcing white racial power by the professors, who contend that treating everyone the same in the spirit of colorblindness can actually be a “race-evasive” strategy.
In this vein, one interviewee, Ryan, stated, “I feel like I treat everyone the same…To me, if you're white or black..., then I'm going to treat you like you're a human being. I guess I don't see skin color whenever I see someone.”
Criticizing this colorblind strategy, Rudick and Goslan argued that it “functions to erase racial identity in the attempt to impose a race-evasive frame on race-talk.”
To fight this, Rudick and Goslan argue that college professors must intervene, saying, “it is incumbent upon instructors to ensure that their classrooms are spaces that challenge, rather than perpetuate, WIC [whiteness-informed civility].”
“One way that instructors can challenge the strategies of WIC is by ensuring that White students and students of color engage in sustained, sensitive, and substantive conversations about race and racism,” they suggest.
Rudick and Goslan also say that professors should “encourage White students to understand how using WIC to downplay issues of race or racism in higher education serves to elide their own social location and reinforce the hegemony of White institutional presence.”
Rudrick told Campus Reform by email that he wrote the article in the spirit of his “continued service to Cthulu,” but did not respond to follow up inquiries. Golsan did not respond at all.
Follow this author of this article on Twitter: @Toni_Airaksinen
|
<urn:uuid:b25d6c43-421e-4551-a854-f4626ab0fde9>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-34
|
https://campusreform.org/?ID=10270
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735860.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804043709-20200804073709-00102.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.940302 | 847 | 2.8125 | 3 |
checking sprite and tile "collisions"
The 7800 has 2 types of display objects, sprites and character/tile graphics. Usually a game's display is made up of tiles for the background, and sprites for the moving objects.
As a game designer, at some point you'll probably want to check which tile(s) your game sprites are moving over, or about to move over. Maybe you need to check if pac-man is eating a dot, or if the adventure hero is going to hit a barrier.
Checking tiles underneath a sprite is slightly complicated by the fact that tile graphics use a different positioning resolution than sprite graphics do.
tile/characters coordinates overlaid on a 160x192 screen.
We can check which tile is under any single point on our sprite by taking the sprite coordinates and dividing the X and Y coordinates by X and Y conversion factors. The exact conversion factors you use will depend on the tile resolution you're using.
Lets take the example of a full screen of 320A tiles with a zoneheight of 8. The tile resolution for this format is 40x24.
The sprite positioning resolution is always 160x192, in all modes on the 7800, even the 320 ones. If we divide our max sprite resolution (160x192) by our max tile resolution (in this case, 40x24) we'll have the conversion factor.
In our example with 40x24 tiles, the conversion factor is 4x8. (160/40=4, 192/24=8 ). To convert any sprite coordinate to a tile coordinate, we'll divide the sprite X by 4, and the sprite Y by 8.
Now that we've converted the sprite coordinate to a character coordinate, looking up the character underneath that coordinate is a snap, with peekchar...
The value returned will be the character index - literally the location that tile within the graphics block. If you're unsure which value you need to check for, you can always display the value returned by peekchar using the plotvalue command.
which points should you check?
If the sprites in your game are always aligned with your characters - if the sprites never overlap any tiles - then you can use any coordinate underneath the sprite. The one you use to plot the sprite is probably handy.
But most games have smoothly moving sprites, which can overlap multiple tiles in both X and Y. While checking every point underneath the sprite isn't computationally feasible, in these cases you'll probably want to consider more than one point when checking for movement collision.
To do a check to see if a sprite can move upwards without interference from character barriers, it's typical to check 2 points above the player - one at the top-left position of the sprite, and another at the top-right position - and see if both contain character #'s you have designated as "walkable". If so, then the player is allowed to walk upwards.
For other directions you'd check another 2 points. For example, when moving left, you'd check 2 points just left of your sprite, one at the top-left corner of the sprite, and another at the bottom-left corner.
Keep in mind that this isn't a recipe that you can adapt to every game. Other games will need to check other sprite points, as game mechanics require - the pac-man code checks the sprite point near the center of the pac-man sprite, to see if he's eaten a dot tile. Similarly, you'll need to decide which parts of your own sprites need to interact with the tiles.
|
<urn:uuid:6b0eee8c-501c-4bee-99aa-d0a3f037fe27>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://forums.atariage.com/blogs/entry/11915-7800basic-tutorial-sprite-and-tile-interactions/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506421.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922170343-20230922200343-00303.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.913581 | 757 | 3.09375 | 3 |
By Berlin Nelson, Professor, Dept. Plant Pathology
The fungus Rhizoctonia solani causes pre- and post-emergence
damping-off and root rot of young and adult plants. When soil populations
of Rhizoctonia are high, pre- and post-emergence damping-off
can reduce stands by 50 percent or greater. Generally, Rhizoctonia
on soybeans is a seedling disease, but damage has been observed
on older plants. The pathogen survives in the soil and is common
in this region. The higher the amount of the pathogen in the soil,
the greater the potential damage to the plants.
Symptoms consist of seed decay and brown to reddish lesions on seedling
stems and roots just below the soil line. These reddish brown lesions
may become sunken and girdle the stems and kill the plant. Plants
may often appear stunted and unthrifty throughout the season or,
less commonly, will die. Often the stand will appear uneven because
of stunted plants. Disease is often found in patches in fields.
On older plants, the pathogen causes a reddish brown dry cortical
root rot that may extend into the base of the stem. Root rot can
greatly reduce nodulation. Foliar symptoms may include yellowing
or wilting of leaves. Plants infected with Rhizoctonia may
not be able to tolerate stresses such drought or hail that occur
later in the season. Infected plants may wilt on hot dry days. Observations
in North Dakota suggest that Rhizoctonia root rot is more severe
in plants showing iron chlorosis. Damage from Rhizoctonia
is commonly observed in areas when there is a long history of soybean
production with close rotations or during weather conditions not
favorable for seed germination and rapid growth of seedlings. Damage
is usually more common in cool, wet springs when conditions are
not favorable for plant emergence.
Stand reduction due to Rhizoctonia
Lesions caused by AG-4 on lower stems.
Healthy plant on the right.
Lesions caused by AG2-2 on older stems
Stunting of soybean (on right) in soil infested with Rhizoctonia.
Healthy plants on the left.
There are various anastomosis groups (AG) of R. solani. AG-4
and AG-5 are most common on soybeans but AG-2-2 and AG-3 are occasionally
found. AG-2-2 can be highly pathogenic, especially at high temperatures
and is more likely found on adult plants. AG-3, generally found
on potatoes, is weakly pathogenic on soybeans. AG-4 and AG-2-2 are
also common on sugarbeet. Because R. solani has a wide host
range that includes many broadleaf crops grown in this region, crop
rotation practices may affect severity of disease.
Crop rotation to non-susceptible hosts such as small grains will
reduce populations of Rhizoctonia in the soil. Avoid close
rotations with sugarbeets if there is evidence of Rhizoctonia
in the field. Close rotations with dry beans may also increase incidence
of disease. Protective seed treatments and good seedbed preparation can reduce damping-off. Seed
treatments with bacteria (biological fungicide) designed to colonize
the root systems has shown some control of root rot. Cultivating
soil to hill up around stems promotes lateral root growth and may
lessen the effect of root rot on older plants. Cultural practices
to reduce stresses on the plant will help reduce the damage from
|
<urn:uuid:77ca19f2-93d8-47dd-9b92-8b78e2dd0418>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.ndsu.edu/pubweb/~bernelso/soydiseases/rhizoctonia.shtml
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535921550.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014521-00027-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.917496 | 783 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Why standardized tests?
In a world without boundaries, where education has become a global endeavor, it is not easy for a student to pick the right school as it is not easy for an admission panelist to pick the right student. Since selection based on a single parameter will be unfair and arbitrary, most schools and universities consider a variety of factors to select the right candidates. Selection parameters for most schools and universities include standardized tests such as GMAT™, GRE®, SAT®, TOEFL®, IELTS ®. As these tests do not fit in the scaffolds of traditional exams, most of the students are taken by surprise and fall short of their career and higher education goals. Only an increasingly keener test taker can outwit an increasingly smarter test maker.
Common standardized tests
GMAT™:The graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT™) is a standardized test designed to help admission officers to evaluate an applicant’s suitability to graduate business and management programs [More……]
GRE®: Graduate Record Examination (GRE® revised General Test) is a standardized test taken by prospective graduate and business school applicants. [More……]
SAT ®: The SAT reasoning test is a globally recognized college admission test. The SAT is offered seven times each year in the U.S. and six times internationally. [More……]
TOEFL®: Test of f English as a Foreign Language is a standardized test designed to measure English language proficiency of students who want to enroll in universities or professionals who want to practice or gain experience in an English-speaking country. . [More……]
IELTS®: International English Language Testing System is a standardized test designed to measure English language proficiency of students who want to enroll in universities or professionals who want to practice or gain experience in an English-speaking country. . [More……]
Career Guidance Programs
CRT: Campus recruitment is a program conducted by companies within the educational institutions to hire students directly from the campus. . [More……]
|
<urn:uuid:d5331bd4-661e-4025-845c-709ed1a5d49c>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.brooklynreview.in/courses-and-services/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506669.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924191454-20230924221454-00369.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943641 | 410 | 2.828125 | 3 |
“Returning over 200,000 images from orbit about Mercury is an impressive accomplishment for the mission, and one I’ve been personally counting down for the last few months,” said Nancy Chabot from APL. “However, I’m really more excited about the many thousands of images that are still in MESSENGER’s future, especially those that we plan to acquire at low altitudes and will provide the highest resolution views yet of Mercury’s surface.”
During MESSENGER’s second extended mission, the spacecraft is making a progressively closer approach to Mercury’s surface with each successive orbit. In about two months, each closest approach will be at a lower altitude than at any previous point in the mission, enabling the acquisition of unprecedentedly high-spatial-resolution data. For spacecraft altitudes below 220 miles (350 kilometers), Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images will be acquired with pixel scales ranging from 65 feet (20 meters) to as little as 7 feet (2m).
To commemorate the milestone, image scientists released this four-image mosaic — one of the first from the Mercury Dual Imaging System’s (MDIS) low-altitude imaging campaign — that reveals, among other features, hollows that appear to have formed in one layer in the wall of this 9-mile-diameter (15km) crater.
The mission also marked three additional milestones: The spacecraft concluded its 12th Mercury year in orbit, its 18th Mercury sidereal day in orbit, and its sixth Mercury solar day in orbit.
“We have come an incredible way since the first mission proposal was submitted to NASA just over 17 years ago,” said Ralph McNutt of APL. “Getting to launch and then to Mercury, flyby by flyby, and into orbital operations were incredible accomplishments — against all sorts of odds — and yet we are now, almost routinely, noting these statistics about the mission that has literally revealed an entirely new world to humanity.”
“None of the team in their wildest imagination could have foreseen the successes that we now celebrate with new data coming back week by week from the innermost planet,” said McNutt. “And we are not done. With a little more than a year left to go, before gravity brings the end to operations, we will view the planet and its environment from altitudes lower than were ever envisioned only a few short years ago. And, as with any planetary mission providing closer and closer looks at a planetary neighbor, all we can guess is that we have not wrung all of Mercury’s surprises and discoveries just yet.”
|
<urn:uuid:5739edf3-d84a-4b94-86b6-636655d3cc43>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://www.astronomy.com/science/messenger-surpasses-200000-orbital-images-of-mercury/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100172.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130062948-20231130092948-00490.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957961 | 557 | 2.875 | 3 |
Take Your Green Home: Tips for a Sustainable Lifestyle
There are everyday ways I've discovered (ok, someone else discovered many of them, I'm just implementing) to make daily life more sustainable. Funny thing is, greening your life can have many money saving benefits as well. While no one person can do it all, we can each do our part. As an ode to Earth Day, here are a few quick and easy places to get started or reenergize your existing sustainable lifestyle efforts.
Let's start with water saving ideas. Using indigenous plants, xeriscaping, and efficient irrigation are all ways to minimize your outdoor water usage. Sounds complicated? It's really not. The plants that are native to your area are adept to the local water patterns. Xeriscaping is simply planting slower growing plants that are drought tolerant. And how often do you see pools of water outside a house because someone's sprinkler is spraying all willy nilly? I know I do every day. Adjust your sprinkler heads so they get your plants, not the sidewalk. Time them so they don't over water. And please, turn them off when it rains.
Models vary, of course, but depending on the washer and dryer you buy, you can save more than 70 percent on water usage. Also, enjoy the added bonus of 80 percent more energy efficiency. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also recommends turning off the faucet during your morning and evening tooth brushing, to save up to 240 gallons of water a month. Check out the EPA's Water Sense site for a few other ideas about how to tweak your daily routine to save water and in the long run, save you money.
And those single pane windows have got to go, or at least mine do. Dual pane will help retain heat in the winter and cool air in the summer. I've weather-stripped my doors and I can tell you from experience, it really helps.
EVERYDAY WAYS TO SAVE
- Use reusable containers or wash re-sealable bags, which generate less waste.
- Take your own bags to the grocery store and they'll usually give you a few cents off per bag.
- Hang your clothes to dry and save on your utility bill.
- Shower with your mate and use less water.
- Visit your local farmer's market, help your local economy and find some great unique foods.
- Grow your own vegetables, just because it's fun.
- Use a re-usable cup for water instead of bottled.
- When you forget your re-usable bags at the grocery store, get plastic and use the bag to pick up what the pooch leaves behind when you go for a walk. Ok, there's no real added benefit for this one, but you are leaving the trail nice for others. And make sure there are no holes in the bag.
For additional sustainable lifestyle topics, e-mail requests to hroseler[at]painc[dot]com.
|
<urn:uuid:29926dfd-a017-434d-b63e-e289219f2ea0>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-34
|
http://blog.lpainc.com/bid/32320/Take-Your-Green-Home-Tips-for-a-Sustainable-Lifestyle
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738674.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20200810102345-20200810132345-00361.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933488 | 624 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Cyclone season extends from 1 November to 30 April. When a cyclone approaches you should listen to your local radio station or monitor your television for cyclone information.
Disaster can strike anywhere and at anytime, with or without warning and may be either of natural or man-made causes. Such disasters include cyclones, earthquakes, flooding, fire, lost or missing persons, trapped persons (building collapse), major motor car, truck or bus accident and aircraft crash.
The threats which may affect the Shire of Roebourne have been identified by the Local Emergency Management Committee and are documented in the Shire's Local Emergency Management Arrangements.
Tropical cyclones are a seasonally occurring natural hazard that cause considerable loss of life and material damage. In Australia, Cyclone Tracy caused the loss of 55 lives in Darwin on Christmas Day 1974. Five lives were lost when Cyclone Alby passed close to the south-west of WA in April 1978 and the most recent loss of life 97) occurred at Onslow during Cyclone Bobby in 1995.
The strongest cyclone ever to cross into Australia (Severe Tropical Cyclone Vance) narrowly missed Karratha and Dampier in March 1999 but caused millions of dollars worth of damage to Onslow and Exmouth. Fortunately, there was no loss of life.
Definition and Occurrence
A tropical cyclone is a circular rotating storm of tropical origin in which the mean wind speed exceeds 63 km/h (gale force). Gale force is the threshold speed at which a cyclone is named. Wind speeds in excess of 100km/h are common by the time a cyclone crosses the coast and higher wind speeds frequently occur. Tropical cyclones can occur at any time of the year, but they are very rare outside the cyclone "season" from the beginning of November to the end of April. They are usually most frequent in February and March.
Once they cross the coast, cyclones tend to decay within 24 to 48 hours and the strong central winds die away. Dangerous flooding can occur as heavy rain falls from the decaying system.
Cyclones threaten life and property in 3 ways:
- Fluctuating wind pressure can weaken and possibly cause the collapse of buildings and other structures.
- Loose objects, such as patio furniture, rubbish bins, dog kennels or building material, become lethal wind borne projectiles that can cause severe structural damage to homes and kill or injure people in their path.
- Flooding, due to an abnormal rise in the level of the ocean (storm surge) caused by the cyclone or as a result of heavy rainfall in river catchments.
As cyclones often adopt an erratic course, or suddenly change speed, it is important that you be aware of any changes at the earliest possible time. In order to do this, keep your radio tuned to the ABC or your local commercial station, WA/FAM, and listen for the most up-to-date cyclone information which is broadcast at regular intervals.
|
<urn:uuid:bacf2291-f69e-4a17-a678-83852d56d948>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.roebourne.wa.gov.au/emerg_cyclone_info.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163037902/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131717-00073-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947365 | 615 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Authored by Jaipi Sixbear in Environment
Published on 11-11-2009
What the heck is a green mattress? Why do we need a green mattress? What’s the problem with the mattress we have now? What is so different about how a green mattress is made? It may seem the world has gone green crazy when people start talking about green mattresses. On the other hand, we do spend a considerable amount of our time snoozing it up. Wouldn’t it be smart to sleep on a fume free, environmentally sound green mattress?
Non-Toxic Materials and Processes
A green mattress is made from non-toxic materials. It’s manufactured in a way that causes the least harm to the environment. Conventional mattresses contain synthetic materials. These materials are often toxic. When they are not toxic, the process used to make the mattress is. Breathing in toxins, night after night is bad for your health. Why not choose a green mattress and rest easy? Green mattresses are becoming more popular as people become more aware of environmental hazards.
A green mattress uses materials from eco-friendly farms. The wool is taken from sheep that have been raised in a humane, environmentally sound setting. Their food is organically grown to keep pesticides out of the picture. They are allowed to graze, rather than being penned up in closed quarters. They are kept clean and healthy without the use of growth hormones and low dose antibiotics. All this produces a green mattress that you can feel better about sleeping on.
A green mattress is also made from sustainable materials. Conventional mattresses are made from products that take a long time to grow. Sustainable products are things like bamboo, wool and cotton. They can be grown and regrown quickly. You can rest assured that your green mattress creates no environmental pollution caused by tree cutting. No forests will be destroyed to make your green mattress. Green mattress materials are grown using no harmful chemical pesticides or fertilizers.
No Chemical Bleaching
Cloth materials used to make conventional mattresses are often bleached or dyed with chemicals to give a pristine white appearance. Unfortunately the clean appearance is false. These toxic bleaches can be inhaled as the mattress owner sleeps, causing numerous health problems. Green mattresses use organic unbleached cotton. This cotton is grown organically and never chemically bleached. The inner part of a green mattress is usually organic cotton or organic cruelty free wool.
No Chemical Retardants
A green mattress is made without the use of chemical flame retardants. Wool is naturally fire retardant. It also resists mildew and is allergy free. There is no need to spray chemicals on the green mattress to prevent fire and mildew. Organic wool is a natural dust mite barrier as well. Sleeping on a mattress full of chemical retardants is bad for your health. A green mattress is comfortable and free of chemical contaminants.
Green mattresses are readily available nearly everywhere mattresses are sold. Most major mattress manufacturers offer a green mattress along with conventional styles. Why buy a conventional mattress when you can sleep soundly and comfortably on a green mattress? Get the peace of mind that comes with knowing your mattress is environmentally safe, cruelty free and good for your health. Buy a green mattress today for the best sleep ever.
|
<urn:uuid:8ea62056-1579-4967-bc46-fe11d749e628>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://www.redlinels.com/green-mattress-buying-guide/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943483.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320114206-20230320144206-00511.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937046 | 686 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The only total lunar eclipse of 2010 will be visible from all of North America and the Western Hemisphere. The eclipse “officially” begins on Dec. 21 at 12:29 a.m. EST as the moon begins to enter Earth’s outer, or penumbral, shadow. That won’t happen again until 2014.
The entire 72 minutes of the total lunar eclipse will be visible from all of North and South America, the northern and western part of Europe, and a small part of northeast Asia including Korea and much of Japan. Totality will also be visible in its entirety from the North Island of New Zealand and Hawaii.
In all, an estimated 1.5 billion people will have an opportunity to enjoy the best part of this lunar show. In other parts of the world, either only the partial stages of the eclipse will be visible or the eclipse will occur when it’s daytime and the moon is not above their local horizon.
But even in clear weather, skywatchers will not notice any changes in the moon’s appearance until about 45 minutes later when a slight “smudge” or shading begins to become evident on the upper left portion of the moon’s disk. The moon might take on some odd colors during the eclipse. This is the first lunar eclipse during the winter solstice in 456 years. According to NASA, the last time a lunar eclipse and the winter solstice happened at the same time was in AD 1554.
|
<urn:uuid:a807a3d9-8d16-410e-9acf-9d4950173579>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-23
|
http://circa71.wordpress.com/2010/12/18/2010-winter-solstice-and-lunar-eclipse/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997860453.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025740-00182-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.923882 | 306 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Simulation is rapidly spreading in the world of nursing education. Nursing students are said to learn better with simulation or patient simulators, especially in light of the following issues:
- Progressing number of nursing programs
- Limited clinical sites
- Certain healthcare settings that do not allow students to take vital signs or administer medications
- Initiatives for patient safety that cuts back on the number of students that care for patients or limits students to just observing procedures of patient care
- Shortages in members of the faculty
- Facilities that do not allow students to access medical records
Simulation in nursing schools are staying exactly where they are and there is no danger of their not being used, but this does not mean that they are good for learning students. Below are some of the disadvantages of using simulation in teaching nursing skills:
- It is not real. Even if simulation is done in a realistic setup, it still isn’t real. Because of this, students tend to tense up and freeze during real clinical situations. Nursing students need to see, smell, hear, and feel everything in every situation, so that they can react the right way. Some universities such as the University of Alabama, Huntsville, have already upgraded their simulation program by adding theater students into the experience. They play the role of family members, whom the dying patients have at their bedside. The theater students help expose the nursing students to uncomfortable situations. They ask the nursing students questions about the dying patients.
- It is expensive. Simulation is not a low-cost effort in training nursing students. Each component is worth tens of thousands of dollars. A study back in 2007 estimated one simulation set up cost about $875,000 USD. Many agreed that the money spent on simulations should just be spent on more fulfilling real experiences for professional nurses. Simulations can also be used in addressing other issues in providing patient care.
- Simulations are high maintenance. Teaching schools in nursing need to dedicate enough space for their patient simulators. They also must spend money and time in teaching faculty members about using the equipment. When the software and hardware of the simulation break down, money will again be shelled out to repair or replace them.
- The health educators lack training. Being a simulation educator is different from being an actual healthcare provider. Even if the simulation is high fidelity, the training can never be effective unless the educators are prepared enough in running simulation skills and scenarios. Using simulation technology should be top priority in training the nursing faculty members.
In assisting nursing students, nursing educators are challenged by the fact that the transition from simulation to reality. It remains a concern because in real hospital and clinic settings, the tension and anxiety is far greater. Simulation can only provide a limited amount of preparedness, which is why many nursing students forget what to do and how to behave with real patients.
Nurse educators have the responsibility of updating themselves with the latest simulation technologies. They should do this so that they could understand how they can train future nurses for clinical and hospital practice. Until then, real patients in real healthcare settings should be used in training.
Article provided by, Advocate Search Group – a recruiting firm focused exclusively on filling academic nursing program positions throughout the USA
We welcome your inquiries….
|
<urn:uuid:fa28666e-d53c-4f4e-a0ac-c9061032b43c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
http://advocatesearchgroup.com/disadvantages-simulation-nursing-programs/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818696182.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926141625-20170926161625-00047.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951899 | 657 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Many studies have shown the importance of tactile-kinesthetic feedback for an expert player, in comparison to the relative importance of visual feedback for beginners (Vertegaal et al., 1996) . In an instrumental context, it is therefore interesting to try to simulate these effects in order to profit from the expert technique developed for acoustic instruments.
The most well-known example of an attempt to consider force feedback in VMI has been developed by Claude Cadoz and his group at ACROE - Grenoble, France. Since the late 1970's they have been studying and developing interaction systems using physical modelling synthesis (CORDIS/ANIMA system) and force feedback devices (Modular Feedback Keyboard). References to their work can be found in the bibliography.
Many other examples of force feedback devices, not necessarily designed for musical purposes, can be found at the Haptic devices home-page.
Another researcher interested in force feedback devices and their musical applications is Vincent Hayward, currently doing a sabbatical year at IRCAM.
Virtual Musical Instruments | Gestures |
Capture | Mapping |
Sensory Feedback | Interface Examples |
This page is UNDER CONSTRUCTION
|
<urn:uuid:7a94290b-6a9a-486a-853d-13b00378da13>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://recherche.ircam.fr/equipes/analyse-synthese/wanderle/Gestes/Externe/Feedback.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128323842.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20170629015021-20170629035021-00527.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.881531 | 241 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Wetlands and bogs in Indiana were once viewed as nothing more than swamps that should be drained so the land could be used. In the past few decades, environmentalists have come to recognize the importance of restoring native wetlands as part of natural watersheds. Native water plants are part of the restoration; they stop erosion, provide forage and shelter for fish and wildlife, and improve the quality of groundwater.
Pot Scrubber Plant
Pot scrubber plant (Equisetum hyemale) is the last surviving genus of an entire class of vascular plants, some of which are embedded as fossils in Indiana limestone from over 350 million years ago. Pot scrubber plants have no flowers or true leaves. Photosynthesis occurs in the stem. The plants are basically round stems that grow up to 4 feet tall. They appear somewhat segmented; each node is ringed by a set of “teeth” that are part of scale-like leaves surrounding the node. Although the tips of the stems produce heads up to 1 inch long that carry spores, pot scrubber plants spread mainly by a vast system of rhizomes. The plants contain high levels of silica. The stems can be bundled and trimmed and used to scour surfaces, even metal. Although pot scrubber is an aggressive spreader, it is also a popular plant for water gardens. Plant it in a container to control the rhizomes, and sink the container to the bottom of a shallow pond. Pot scrubber is an evergreen plant that adds continuous visual interest to a water garden.
Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) is a member of the buttercup family. It is a perennial that spreads by rhizomes or seeds. Native marsh marigolds grow in wet areas along stream beds, riverbanks and the edges of ponds. It also populates bogs and swamps. The plant forms a neat mound about 15 inches tall in shade or sun. It blooms best with at least partial sun. The leaves are rounded and waxy, remaining small during the spring flowering period and then growing to 6 inches across during the summer. Bright yellow flowers cover the plant during April, May and June. Seed pods form, and pop open when ripe. Seeds are dispersed onto surrounding wet ground, or they float to a new location. Grow marsh marigolds directly in wet soils around natural water areas. In a water garden, grow them in pots submerged to the top. Full sun in summer heat may cause marsh marigolds to go dormant; remedy this by moving the pots to a shady area of the water garden.
Canadian pondweed (Elodea canadensis) is a submerged aquatic plant that can be grown free-floating or anchored in a pond or water garden. Place a pot of this plant on the bottom of the garden pond, or simply float sections of the plant in the water. It will grow and spread either way. It can become overgrown, but you can easily control it by snipping it down to size. In a large, overgrown pond, rake part of the pondweed out of the water and use it for mulch, or add it to the compost pile. Canadian pondweed remains green all year. It overwinters under ice. Pondweed helps control algae. It is an excellent cover plant for fish. Pondweed is sold as an aquarium plant to oxygenate and clarify the water.
|
<urn:uuid:e24473f9-2f43-4969-bceb-5db14e43f60e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
http://www.gardenguides.com/94266-native-water-plants-indiana.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187825473.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20171022222745-20171023002745-00618.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947464 | 696 | 3.875 | 4 |
Speech Characteristics of Children . After Otitis Media n Alice
The purpose of this investigation was to obtain preliminary descriptions of the speech characteristics of children with histories of otitis media. Speech samples were collected from 20 children between the ages of 3 years, 6 months and 5 years, 5 months who had had at least three episodes of otitis media. Results indicated that most of the children performed below age norms on at least two of the speech characteristics studied. Identification of such deficient speech patterns may aid the practitioner in recognizing and referring children who require evaluation of their speech and language development. Implications for further research with this population were suggested. J PEDIATR HEALTH CARE.
L hronic otitis media, a common childhood disease, ofien results in a temporary conductive hearing loss. For some children, the first years of life are plagued with recurrent otitis media accompanied by fluctuating hearing acuity. Otitis media is second only to upper respiratory infections as a reason for physician visits. The highest incidence of otitis media occurs early in childhood, declining after 6 years of age (Pashley, 1984). Ruebin and Hanson (1979) suggested that children with histories of recurrent otitis media often have more difficulty with auditory processing skills than their otologically normal peers. Menyuk (1980) divided the development of speech processing abilities into four distinct periods, extending from infancy into the early school years. The accomplishments of each period of development were said to be dependent on the accomplishments of the previous period. The child who has a stable auditory system, particularly during the critical period of speech development, may best develop the ability to produce and process verbal stimuli with rules learned through experience and perception. However, the child with recurrent otitis media during these years often lacks this stability. All health care professionals working with young children should be aware of the potential for speech problems in this population. Appropriate referrals
Alice T. Dyson is an Assistant Professor University of Florida, Gainewille. Alice E. Holmes is an Associate University of Florida, Gainesville.
at the Department
at the Department
Deanna V. Duff&t IS a speech-language pathologist at the James Paton Memorial Hospital, Gander, Newfoundland, Canada. Reprint requests: Alice T. Dyson, University of Florida, Gainesville, JOURNAL
Ph.D., Department FL 3261 1.
of Speech, 455 ASB,
allowing for early recognition and intervention may prevent persistent communication disorders. Recently researchers have attempted to determine whether speech delay in children having chronic otitis media can be predicted from medical history, specific speech characteristics, or other factors. A longitudinal study by Paden, Novak, and Kuklinski (1985) evaluated 40 children from 18 to 36 months of age. These children were referred to otolaryngologists and were diagnosed as having chronic otitis media. Evaluations of these children at 3-month intervals revealed five variables that may be useful in predicting whether or not normal speech skills will be achieved by 3 years of age. These variables included audiologic factors, speech characteristics, and the insertion of myringotomy tubes. Speec:h characteristics occurring with unusual frequency in children with histories of otitis media were also reported by Shriberg and Smith (1983). Specifically, patterns of errors affecting word-initial consonants and nasal consonants occurred at significantly higher levels in the otitis media children than in children with no histories of otitis media. Equivocal results such as those reported by Teele et al. (1984) and discussed by Paradise and Rogers (1986) suggest the need for further research in this area. If the speech development characteristics of this population can be identified, health care professionals could feel more confident in screening and referring children with possible deviations for speech-language pathology services. The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary descriptions of the speech characteristics of a group of children with histories of otitis media before 3 years of age. Particular attention was given to those characteristics that might help practitioners distin261
. TABLE sound
1 Age ranges
Volume 1, Number 5 September-October 1987
‘May still be somewhat distorted until 6 or 7 years of age. tAll sounds are produced but may not be produced correctly
guish the speech development of children in this group from normally developing speech systems. n
1983). These patterns are usually present to some extent m normally developing children during the early speech acquisition period between 2 and 5 years of age. However, when they persist at high levels in older children who use longer and more complex language constructions, intelligibility is difficult and a diagnosis of “phonological disorder” is often made. Seven deficient patterns were examined. 1. Cluster reductkm: omission of one or more sounds from a cluster of consonants (e.g., spoon + poon or cups -+ cus). Clusters of consonants are usually considered more difficult for children to produce than single consonants. Normal children first simplify clusters by omitting one or more sounds and then gradually learn to produce them correctly, typically between 4 and 5 years of age. By the age of 4 years, most children include both consonants in the cluster, although they may not be produced correctly (Grunwell, 1982).
Subjects were 20 children, 12 boys and 8 girls, between the ages of 3 years, 6 months and 5 years, 1 month (mean 4 years, 3 months). The subjects were obtained from two sources, the outpatient ear, nose, and throat clinic of a university medical center and day-care facilities in the same community. All subjects had three or more medically documented episodes of bilateral otitis media within a 12month period before the age of 3 years. Only children whose reported ages of sitting, walking, first words, and combining words were within normal limits on the Denver Developmental Screening Test (Frankenburg, Dodds, & Fandal, 1973) were selected. None of the children had received speech remediation. Their parents reported no known physical disabilities that would be expected to interfere with speech and/or language development. Ten of the children had received myringotomy tube placement at least once before the age of 3 years, whereas the other 10 had never been treated with myringotomy tubes. These two halves of the group were closely matched as to age and sex. All evaluations were completed in a university clinic. Hearing testing was conducted by a certified audiologist with the use of a calibrated diagnostic audiometer (model 170 1, Grason-Stadler, Inc., Littleton, MA). Pure tone and speech reception thresholds were within normal limits for all subjects (less than or equal to 25 dl3 hearing level bilaterally). Taped speech samples were collected while the children named a set of 55 one-syllable words selected to optimize the po.ssible occurrence of seven deficient speech patterns often found to characterize the speech of unintelligible children (Hodson & Paden,
t can be seen that liquid deviation and cluster reduction were the most frequently occurring patterns (of deficient speech), followed by stridency deletion, final consonant deletion, and nasal deviation.
2. Final consonant omission: omission of a single consonant following the vowel in a syllable, usually at the end of a word (e.g., boat + boa). Normal children under 2 years of age are frequently reported to omit final consonants, but this pattern occurs only on occasional words after the age of 3 years (Dyson & Paden, 1983; Grunwell, 1982). 3. Initial sound change: omission or substitution of a glottal sound /h, 3i for a consonant or consonants preceding the vowel in a syllable (e.g., boat * oat or hoat). This unusual pattern has never been reported to be common among normally developing children. 4. Stridency deletion: omission of one of the strident consonants /s, z, f, v, S ,3 , t/‘ 4 / or substitution of another (nonstrident) consonant for a strident consonant (e.g., bus + bu, or bus -+ but). Stidency refers to the high intensity noise produced as air strikes a hard surface, such as the back of the teeth. Although normal children may distort strident sounds (especially /s/) until 6 or 7 years of age, these sounds are seldom omitted after 4 years and seldom replaced by nonstrident sounds after 3 years of age (Hodson & Paden, 1983; Khan & Lewis, 1986). A pronouncing key for phonetic symbols is included in the appendix.
lournal oi Pediatric
H TABLE 2 Percentages of occurrence occurrence reported in two normative
than norms than norms
of seven deficient studies
patterns for 20 subjects compared
by Haelsig and Madison (1986). by Khan and Lewis (1986).
5. Velar~ontin~:: substitution of a consonant produced farther forward in the mouth for a velar consonant (e.g., back -+ bat). Velars /k, g, :, / are produced correctly by most normal children before the age of 3 years (Dyson, 1986). 6. Lipid deviation: errors in production of the liquid consonants /II, r/. Liquids before a vowel may be omitted, replaced by a glide /w, j/ (called gliding) or a stop /p, b, t, d, k, g/ (called stopping) (e.g., lamb + amb, or wamb, or tamb). Liquids after a vowel may be replaced by a vowel or omitted (e.g., car + cauh or ca) (Hodson & Paden, 1983). Liquids are usually mastered by normal children by the age of 5 years, althoughi many children learn them much earlier (Hodson & Paden, 1983; Grunwell, 1982). 7. Nasal deviation: omission of a nasal consonant /m, n, 3 I, substitution of one nasal for another, or addition of a stop consonant immediately before or after a nasal (e.g., might + ight, night, or mbight) (Shriberg & Smith, 1983). This pattern has not been
reported to be common among normally developing children. Age ranges of normal acquisition of these types of sounds are summarized in Table 1. As indicated, normal children show considerable variation in the development of these sounds. Two experienced listeners trained in transcription of children’s speech samples transcribed the audiotapes with the use of a consensus procedure to ensure validity of transcription (Shriberg, Kwiatkowski, & Hoffman, 1984). The transcribed samples were examined for occurrence of each of the seven deficient patterns of interest. The percentage of occurrence of each of the seven patterns was computed for each subject by calculating the number of occurrences and then dividing it by the total number of possible occurrent es. Percentage of occurrence scores for each subject were compared with normative data derived from two reported studies of normal children (Haelsig &
Madison, 1986; Khan & Lewis, 1986). Care was taken to replicate procedures described in the normative studies as closely as possible in collection and analysis of the data. Children in both normative studies were selected from preschools and day-care centers and were screened and selected in the same manner used in the present study. Samples were collected with very similar tape recording equipment under similar conditions. ,4fter collection, the samples were transcribed and scored according to procedures common to both normative studies. The norms available from these two sources are reported by age ranges and allow comparison of each subject’s performance with his or her age peers.
I t is tempting commonly deviation, consonant pinpointing for normal
Volume 1, Number 5 September-October 1987
to suggest that the three most occurring patterns-liquid cluster reduction, and final deletion-might have value in children with a poor prognosis speech development.
’ RESULTS The percentages of occurrence of each of the seven deficient patterns examined for each of the 20 subjects are presented in Table 2. Because of the small sample size in this study, statistical treatment of the data was limited to descriptive analysis. It can be seen that liquid deviation and cluster reduction were the most frequently occurring patterns, followed by stridency deletion, final consonant deletion, and nasal deviation. Initial sound change and velar fronting were uncommon in this group of children; each was used frequently by only one child. The range of scores was quite large for the most frequently occurring patterns as there was always at least one child who did not use the pattern at all. For example, the scores for liquid deviation and cluster reduction ranged from zero to 100% and from zero to 75%, respectively. The 1986 study by Haelsig and Madison of 50 children offered normative data for four of the patterns studied: cluster reduction, final consonant deletion, velar fronting, and liquid deviation (liquid gliding and liquid vocalization). Khan and Lewis (1986) reported norms based on 852 preschool children for five of the patterns included in this study, the four patterns mentioned for Haelsig and Madison as well as stridency deletion. It can be seen in Table 2 that when norms from both studies were available, they agreed in all but two instances, liquid deviations for subjects 3 and 6. In both cases the subjects exceeded
the norms listed by Khan and Lewis but not those of Haelsig and Madison. Comparison of the individual patterns with the norms indicated that 16 children exceeded the norm of at least one study on liquid deviation. Twelve children exceeded the norm of both studies on cluster reduction, eight children on final consonant deletion, and one child on velar fronting. Seven children exceeded the norm on the one study available on stridency deletion. w DISCUSSION Clearly most children in this study were using the deficient patterns at higher levels than those demonstrated by their age peers in the two normative studies. Thirteen of the 20 children studied demonstrated percentages of occurrence higher than at least one set of norms on two or more patterns; 11 of these scored higher on three or more patterns. Subjects 1, 4, and 11 exceeded the norms on four patterns. It is interesting to note that four of the children-subjects 2, 9, 10, and 16-performed within or better than the age norms despite their histories of otitis media. No clear differences were indicated between children who had received myringotomy tube insertions and those who had not. It is tempting to suggest that the three most commonly occurring patterns-liquid deviation, cluster reduction, and final consonant deletion-might have value in pinpointing children with a poor prognosis for normal speeeh development. Two of these patterns-cluster reduction and final consonant deletion-were also found by Paden et al. (1985) to be useful in distinguishing between children with histories of otitis media who would reach normal speech levels by the age of 3 and those children whose speech delay would continue beyond that age. Because the cross-sectional nature of the present study did not allow observation of these patterns over time, it is not clear that the high levels found would persist as the children continued to develop. However, children at all ages studied (Table 2) showed higher than expected levels on the three patterns. Although norms are not currently available on the expected occurrence of the two deficient patternsnasal deviation and initial sound change-described by Shriberg and Smith (1983), nasal deviation was observed at least twice (9% or more) in 9 of the 20 children. If, as indicated by Shriberg and Smith, this pattern is extremely uncommon in normally developing children at any age, it would appear that its high occurrence in these subjects is significant. This study may be interpreted as offering evidence of the value of this pattern in predicting speech difficulty
Journal of Pediatric Health
in children with histories of otitis media. However, the second pattern, initial sound change, was seen in only three children.
the cross-sectional nature of the present study did not allow observation of these patterns over time, it is not clear that the high levels found would persist as the children continued to develop.
It is important to note the great variability in speech skills found in this study. The mere presence of otitis media does not appear to indicate that a child will be delayed in speech development, but higher than expected occurrences of the deviant speech patterns included in this investigation were noted in most children. Speech patterns, such as those assessed in this study, may help to alert the practitioner to potential speech delays that may require further evaluation and intervention by a speech-language pathologist. The results of this study may have been influenced by external factors. Neither the current study nor the two normative studies controlled for socioeconomic status or geographic location. Further studies that control such factors and the duration of episodes of otitis media (Paradise & Rogers, 1986; Teele et al., 1984) with larger sample sizes are needed. The purpose of the present investigation was to obtain preliminary descriptions of the speech characteristics of a group of childr en with histories of otitis media. Future investigation of this topic is warranted.
Dyson, A., Kr Paden, E. (1983). Some phonological acquisition strategies used by two-year-olds. Journal of Childhood Communicatiun D~ordeq 7, 6-18. Frankenburg, W. K., Dodds, J. B., & Fandal, A. W. (1973). Denver Develqmental Screening Test. Boulder, CO: University of Colorado Medical Center. Grunwell, P (1982). Clinical phonology. Rockville, MD: Aspen Systems. Haelsig, I’., &Madison, C. (1986). A study of phonological processes exhibited by 3-, 4-, and 5year-olds. LanJtiage, Speech, and Hearing Sties in +hols, 17, 107-114. Hodson, B. W., & Paden, E. P. (1983). Target& intell~ible speech. San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press. Khan, L., & Lewis, N. (1986). The Khan-Lewkphonolo~kl analris. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. Menyuk, P. (1980). Effects of persistent otitis media on language development. Annah of Otology, Rhinology, and La+ynaolom (Suppl 68), 89, 257-263. Paden, E. P., Novak, M. A., & Kuklinski, A. L. (1985). Predictors of phonological inadequacy in young children prone to otitis media. Presented at the Annual Convention of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Washington, DC. Paradise, J. I-., & Rogers, K. D. (1986). On otitis media, child development, and tympanostomy tubes: New answers or old questions? Pediutiu, 77, 88-92. Pashley, N. R. (1984). Otitis media. In Northern, J. L. (Ed.), HearingDisorders (2nd ed), pp. 103-110. Boston: Little Brown &co. Ruebin, R. J., & Hanson, D. G. (1979). Summary of discussion and recommendations made during the workshop on otitis media and development. Annals of Otology, Rbinolo~, and LarynHoloHy (Suppl 60) 88, 107-111. Shriberg, L., Kwiatkowski, J., & Hoflinan, K. (1984). A procedure for phonetic transcription by consensus. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, 456-465. Shriberg, L. D., & Smith, A. J. (1983). Phonological correlates of middle-ear involvement in speech-delayed children: A meth odological note. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 26, 293-297. Teele, D. W., Klein, J. O., Rosner, B.A., &The Greater Boston Otitis Media Study Group. (1984). Otitis media with effusion during the first three years of life and development of speech and language. Pediahics, 74, 282-287.
This investigation of the speech characteristics of 20 children (mean age 4 years, 3 months) with histories of otitis media indicated that most performed below age norms on at least two deficient patterns. The presence of such deficient speech patterns may aid the practitioner in identifying and referring children who require evaluation of their speech and language development. n REFERENCES Dyson, A. (1986). Development of velar consonants mal two-year-olds. Joumrd of Speech and Hearing 493-498.
among norResearch, 29,
/ml as in my In! as in no ltji as in sing lpl as in pie lbl as in boy It/ as in tie Id/ as in did lkl as in kite igl as ingo Xl as in f;n /vi as in”van
Is/ as in soup lzl as in zoo lsf as in shoe I31 ItJI
as in vision as in chair I as in jump as in like as in run as in win as in you as in uh oh as in he
|
<urn:uuid:a8124ea1-c14d-4f3f-bf6c-4245f70b284e>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://kundoc.com/pdf-speech-characteristics-of-children-after-otitis-media-.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371886991.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20200410043735-20200410074235-00035.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947126 | 4,413 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.