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One of the mysteries of the English language finally explained. adverb & adjective 1(of an argument or reaction) directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.as adjective ‘vicious ad hominem attacks’ - ‘This also means that Dean is wrong to say his conclusion about Orac is ad hominem in the sense he laid out.’ - ‘Attacking the speaker because of his or her sour disposition is an ad hominem attack on personality.’ - ‘Adhere to the principle of ‘audiatur et altera pars,’ and avoid all flavors of ad hominem attacks.’ - ‘However, the crux of his argument brings 'ad hominem' to a whole new level, and something worthy of debate.’ - ‘It's no way to conduct a civil discussion, either, but it reverses the cause and effect of a true ad hominem attack.’ 2Relating to or associated with a particular person.as adverb ‘the office was created ad hominem for Fenton’ Latin, literally ‘to the person’. In this article we explore how to impress employers with a spot-on CV.	<urn:uuid:6565ed44-1cca-48b4-a0fa-25964aace8b0>	CC-MAIN-2017-34	https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/ad_hominem	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886110774.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170822123737-20170822143737-00139.warc.gz	en	0.941277	263	2.703125	3
Breakdown studies of helium and nitrogen in partial vacuum subject to non-uniform, unipolar fields in the 20-220 kHz range Type of DegreeDissertation Electrical and Computer Engineering MetadataShow full item record Partial discharges and corona are considered as unwanted processes in electrical power systems since they are constant source of power loss and electrical noise (EMI). These effects can further develop into a major problem at the component level, causing solid insulation deterioration and component failure leading to possible bulk electrical breakdown. The problems are well documented for traditional ground-based (i.e. utility) electrical power systems, and there exists a considerable knowledge base on the subject. However, this knowledge base does not readily extend to on-board electrical power systems in aerospace vehicles because such systems are required to operate at very low atmospheric pressure (i.e. in partial vacuum) and frequencies in the tens of kHz range. Also, much of what is known for aerospace systems is limited to standard 28 V dc systems, whereas the next generation of aerospace systems is expected to operate at higher voltages. Thus, there is an incentive to conduct basic research into corona, partial discharge and gaseous breakdown in gases at partial vacuum conditions, voltages, and frequencies, and for geometries corresponding to the environment encountered in current and future aerospace power systems. This work presents studies on the breakdown characteristics of helium, nitrogen and zero air under unipolar sinusoidal and pulsed voltages at frequencies varying from 20 kHz to 220 kHz in partial vacuum, for a point-to-point and point-to-plane electrode configurations. These voltages are compared to the dc data obtained under similar conditions. Also, breakdown voltage versus pressure curves similar to Pashcen plots are presented. Breakdown voltages of these gases as a function of signal frequency are also presented.	<urn:uuid:73b70483-b252-459d-875b-855d53f87174>	CC-MAIN-2023-50	https://etd.auburn.edu/handle/10415/1557	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100551.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205105136-20231205135136-00364.warc.gz	en	0.915944	378	2.578125	3
Volume 10, Number 8—August 2004 West Nile Virus in British Columbia We investigated personal protective behaviors against West Nile virus infection. Barriers to adopting these behaviors were identified, including the perception that DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and related compounds) is a health and environmental hazard. Televised public health messages and knowing that family or friends practiced protective behaviors were important cues to action. Personal protective behaviors are the primary means of preventing human illness from West Nile virus (WNV) infection (1). To plan effective WNV prevention and control programs, we must know the factors that influence adopting protective behaviors (2). The health belief model is a theoretical framework that has investigated health behaviors related to infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, HIV, influenza, and measles (3–8). The major tenet of this model is that persons will take action to ward off an illness if they believe that they are susceptible, the illness has serious consequences, the course of action is beneficial, or the anticipated benefits of action outweigh the costs (9). To investigate the determinants of engaging in WNV protective behaviors in British Columbia (B.C.), we developed a questionnaire using the health belief model as a framework. Participants were randomly selected from a systematic random sample of B.C. residential telephone records. Telephone interviews were conducted from July 2 through August 18, 2003. The study concluded after 309 interviews were completed, a predetermined endpoint based on allowable resources. A questionnaire was designed specifically for this study. We measured the frequency (1 = never to 5 = always) with which participants said they practiced protective behaviors (applied mosquito repellent, eliminated standing water, and avoided mosquitoes). The following predictor items measured concepts of the health belief model: knowledge (mode of transmission, risk groups), susceptibility to illness, severity of illness, barriers to action (safety concerns, cost), benefits of action, and cues to action (behavior of relatives, sources of information). Response options for predictors were measured on a 5-point Likert scale and signified the respondent’s agreement with a statement (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) or belief that an event would occur (1 = not at all likely to 5 = very likely). Response options for predictors measured with multiple-choice questions were scored as correct or incorrect. Subscores for each concept were calculated by averaging the scores pertaining to each question. The subscore for the knowledge concept was calculated by counting the number of correct responses. We ascertained the participant’s sex, age, ethnicity, education, and income. Participants were also asked to report the level of mosquito activity near their residence (low, medium, high). A response rate of 64.6% (307 of 477) was calculated by dividing the number of completed surveys by the number of persons contacted. Respondents were more likely to be women, older, more educated, and in a higher income bracket than the general population. Most respondents said they obtained information about WNV by watching television (n = 180, 62.9%). While almost all (n = 285, 98.6%) were aware that WNV was transmitted by mosquitoes, 57.9% (n = 159) were aware that adults >50 years of age are at greatest risk for serious illness. Of those unaware of this fact, 52.0% (n = 63) were >50 years of age. At least occasional practice of the following specific protective behaviors was reported: 197 (68.2%) removed standing water, 168 (58.1%) practiced mosquito avoidance behavior, and 162 (56.0%) used DEET-based mosquito repellents (Figure). When asked if information about WNV had influenced them to remove standing water, agreement or strong agreement was reported by 213 (73.7%) respondents, 147 (50.9%) for using DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and related compounds)-based mosquito repellent, and 110 (38.1%) for avoiding mosquitos. The most prominent barriers to practicing protective behaviors were perception that DEET is a health and environmental hazard, the time required to remove standing water, and participating in outdoor leisure activities during peak mosquito hours. Approximately half (n = 113, 45.9%) of respondents claiming to have spent time outdoors during peak mosquito hours did so to participate in leisure activities (walking, playing with kids, gardening). More than one third (n = 101, 35.1%) agreed or strongly agreed that removal of standing water was time consuming. More than one third (n = 101, 35.1%) believed DEET is hazardous to the environment, and more than one quarter (n = 78, 27.1%) disagreed or strongly disagreed that it is safe for human use. The proportional odds ordinal regression model was fit to model the frequency at which persons reported avoiding mosquitoes, applying DEET, and removing standing water (Table). Predictors that were investigated included the composite scores for each of the health belief model concepts, demographic variables (sex, age, area code, education, income, ethnicity), and residential mosquito activity level. Barriers to action and cues to action were important predictors in each of the three models. In addition, perceived susceptibility was significant in modeling the frequency of practicing avoidance of mosquitoes (p < 0.01) and had an associated odds ratio of 1.61 (confidence interval 1.22–2.12). All other investigated predictors were not significant in multivariate models at the α = 0.05 level. Before the study, the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control and Prevention issued three formal press releases and provided 110 interviews with local or provincial media outlets about WNV and associated protective behaviors. Most respondents in our study cited television as their main source of information, which demonstrates the ability of public health messaging to reach audiences through broadcast media. This finding is consistent with findings from other studies (10) and underscores the important role that this medium plays in educating the public (11). The proportion of respondents who said they used DEET-based mosquito repellent or practiced mosquito avoidance behavior was comparable to the proportion found in similar studies conducted in Connecticut (2,10). Eliminating standing water was not specifically investigated in these studies. A national U.S. study reported smaller proportions of respondents who said that they avoided the outdoors during dawn or dusk (24%), used DEET-based mosquito repellent (31%), and eliminated standing water (31%) (12). Differences may be the result of the varying levels of WNV activity throughout the United States. Regular systematic evaluations of the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the public are needed to ensure the effectiveness of public health messages (2). By using the health belief model as a theoretical framework, we were able to identify barriers to the practice of protective behaviors. The fear that DEET-based mosquito repellents are hazardous to human health and the environment is a barrier of particular concern. These repellents are a mainstay for the personal prevention of WNV (11) and were demonstrated to be an important protective behavior option, given the participation of many respondents in outdoor activities during peak mosquito hours. Instructions for the safe use of DEET are outlined in the literature (13) and should be conveyed to address public fears. Literature on the effects of DEET on the environment is limited. DEET does not readily degrade by hydrolysis at environmental pHs (14) and has been identified as a ubiquitous pollutant in aquatic ecosystems, but the effect of this is unknown (15). A deficiency was also observed in the proportion of respondents who were aware that persons >50 years of age were at greatest risk for serious illness from WNV. More than half of those unaware were >50 years of age. Making perceptions of susceptibility and severity in this population more consistent with the actual susceptibility and severity could help to influence the adoption of WNV protective behaviors (9). Our study supports the ability of public health education campaigns to influence the practice of WNV protective behaviors. Specifically, we found that most respondents reported that information about WNV influenced them to engage in protective behaviors, and cues to action significantly increased the odds that respondents practiced protective behaviors more frequently. Together, these findings suggest the potential for public health messages that endorse WNV protective behaviors to have a “snowball effect”; public health education can influence persons to practice protective behaviors, and these persons can influence friends and family to do the same. A number of limitations were associated with our study. First, we depended on self-reporting to measure frequency of practicing WNV protective behaviors, and no effort was made to validate the participants’ responses. If participants attempted to please interviewers, the frequency of protective behavior practice may have been overestimated. Second, administering the interview by telephone excluded persons who did not have telephones or only had cellular phones, which may have contributed to the observed demographic differences between our study population and the general population. Consequently, findings may not be generalizable outside the study population. Third, information on nonrespondents was not obtained, and differences between them and the study population could not be ascertained. Thus, the effects of this bias could not be determined. Despite these limitations, this study will help public health officials achieve the goal of promoting WNV protective behaviors and reducing the risk for infection. Mr. Aquino received a Master of Health Science in Community Health and Epidemiology from the Department of Public Health Sciences at the University of Toronto and conducted this research during a placement at the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. We thank Lisan Kwindt for her administrative assistance with this research, Rick White for guidance on statistical issues, and West Coast Research for administering the telephone interviews. This research was funded by the British of Columbia Centers for Disease Control. - Campbell G, Marfin A, Lanciotti R, Gubler D. West Nile virus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:519–29. - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about West Nile virus—Connecticut, 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:886–8. - Hochbaum G. Public participation in medical screening programs: a sociopsychological study. PHS publication no. 572. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1958. - Poss J. Developing an instrument to study the tuberculosis screening behaviors of Mexican migrant farmworkers. J Transcult Nurs. 1999;10:306–19. - Neff JA, Crawford SL. The health belief model and HIV risk behaviours: a causal model analysis among Anglos, African-Americans and Mexican-Americans. Ethn Health. 1998;3:283–99. - Nexoe J, Kragstrup J, Sogaard J. Decision on influenza vaccination among the elderly. A questionnaire study based on the health belief model and the multidimensional locus of control theory. Scand J Prim Health Care. 1999;17:105–10. - Blue CL, Valley JM. Predictors of influenza vaccine. Acceptance among healthy adult workers. AAOHN J. 2002;50:227–33. - Pielak KL, Hilton A. University students immunized and not immunized for measles: a comparison of beliefs, attitudes, and perceived barriers and benefits. Can J Public Health. 2003;94:193–6. - Glanz K, Lewis F, Rimer B, eds. Health behavior and health education; theory, research and practice. San Francisco: Jossey Bass; 1990. p. 37–57. - McCarthy T, Hadler J, Julian K, Walsh S, Biggerstaff B, Hinten S, West Nile virus serosurvey and assessment of personal prevention efforts in an area with intense epizootic activity: Connecticut, 2000. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;951:307–16. - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemic/Epizootic West Nile virus in the United States: guidelines for surveillance, prevention, and control, 3rd revision. Atlanta: Department of Health and Human Services; 2003 - Blendon R, Benson J, DesRoches C, Herrmann M, Mackie E, Weldon K. Working papers: project on biological security and the public and West Nile virus. Harvard School of Public Health; 2003.Available from: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/press/releases/mosquitoes/toplinerelease.pdf - Health Canada. Pest Management Regulatory Agency. Re-evaluation decision document RRD2002-01: personal insect repellents containing DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide and related compounds). Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Submission Coordination and Documentation Division, Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Health Canada; 2002. - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs. DEET: Reregistration eligibility decision. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998. - Weigel S, Kuhlmann J, Huhnerfuss H. Drugs and personal care products as ubiquitous pollutants: occurrence and distribution of clofibric acid, carreine and DEET in the North Sea. Sci Total Environ. 2002;295:131–41. Suggested citation for this article: Aquino M, Fyfe M, MacDougall L, Remple V. West Nile virus in British Columbia. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2004 Aug [date cited]. Available from: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/8/03-1053 Comments to the Authors Comments to the EID Editors Please contact the EID Editors via our Contact Form. - Page created: March 02, 2011 - Page last updated: March 02, 2011 - Page last reviewed: March 02, 2011 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Office of the Director (OD)	<urn:uuid:44e4f483-eb7c-4cae-8bc2-d9cc292bc76a>	CC-MAIN-2014-35	http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/8/03-1053_article	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500836106.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021356-00255-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.934878	2,929	3.640625	4
\|Rhoades, Marty -\| \|Caraway, Edward -\| \|Auvermann, Brent -\| \|Topliff, Donald -\| \|Schuster, Greta -\| Submitted to: Transactions of the ASABE Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Publication Acceptance Date: September 23, 2010 Publication Date: December 1, 2010 Citation: Rhoades, M.B., Parker, D.B., Cole, N.A., Todd, R.W., Caraway, E.A., Auvermann, B.W., Topliff, D.R., Schuster, G.L. 2010. Continuous ammonia emission measurements from a commercial beef feedyard in Texas. Transactions of the ASABE. 53(6):1823-1831. Interpretive Summary: Ammonia is a nitrogen-containing gas that is emitted from the urine of animals. At beef feedyards, urine is deposited directly on the open feedlot pen surface, and a considerable portion of the ammonia is volatilized into the atmosphere. The quantify of ammonia volatilized is dependent on many factors including weather and type of feed. Ammonia can combine with other compounds to form fine dust particles that can affect health and degrade air quality. In the past, beef feedyard owners have been required to report the amount of ammonia that is emitted from their feedyards. Thus, it is important that emission estimates are accurate and representative of the atmospheric conditions within the region. Ammonia emissions were monitored continuously for a year at a commercial beef feedyard in the Southern High Plains. On a daily basis, ammonia concentrations were highest during the afternoon and lowest at night. On an annual basis, the ammonia concentration measured near the center of the feedyard averaged 0.57 parts per million, and 50 percent of the nitrogen fed to the animals was eventually excreted and volatilized as ammonia gas. On a per animal basis, 83 grams of ammonia nitrogen was volatilized for every beef animal produced at the feedyard. Technical Abstract: Ambient NH3 concentrations were measured continuously at a beef cattle feedyard for 12 months beginning in March 2007. Concentrations were measured every five minutes, 24 hours per day, at a sample intake height of 3.3 m using a chemiluminescence analyzer. On-site weather data was collected concurrently. Modeled emissions of NH3 were compared to the mass balance of N for the feedyard. Mean annual NH3 concentrations were 0.57 ppm, with a monthly average low of 0.37 ppm in December 2007 and a monthly average high of 0.77 ppm in August 2007. Flux densities were calculated using a backward Lagrangian stochastic model (WindTrax 184.108.40.206). Mean annual flux density was 70.7 µg m-2s-1. Mean monthly flux density ranged from 42.7 to 123.1 µg m-2s-1 in November and April 2007, respectively. Both concentration and flux density had a diel distribution with minima during the nighttime hours and maxima during the early afternoon. On an annual basis, 50.0% of fed N was volatilized as NH3. A per-head production-based pen emission coefficient was calculated as 83.0 g NH3-N (head fed)-1 day-1.	<urn:uuid:025aeeb7-1bc1-4ebc-8152-b256d707fc93>	CC-MAIN-2014-10	http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=255015	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394678702332/warc/CC-MAIN-20140313024502-00027-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.958555	717	2.875	3
Photo from magazine Land of Sunshine, December 1901. I did a post a while back about the magazine Land of Sunshine, a monthly published from the mid-1890s through the early 1920s. It offers some excellent articles and great photography on the people, places and culture of southern California at the time, especially during the editorship of Charles Fletcher Lummis, from 1893 to 1909. Lummis was a prolific researcher, writer and photographer of the southwestern United States. He was also an activist. Among issues he spoke and wrote about were the rights of Native Americans and the need for historic preservation. In 1895 he was among the founders of the Landmarks Club, its proclaimed purpose “to conserve the missions and other historic landmarks of southern California.” Such volunteer efforts marked the beginning of the historic preservation movement in California. A story in the magazine’s December 1901 issue describes a visit by Lummis and other club members the previous month to Pala “to arrange for the immediate repair of the Old Mission Chapel.” The project, Lummis wrote, had been initiated by a grant from Phoebe Hearst, at that time a well-known philanthropist and advocate of women’s rights as well as the mother of William Randolph Hearst. But Lummis added that the project was “now as generously facilitated by the patriotism of the people of Pala.” “The old chapel was found in much better condition for salvage than had been feared,” wrote Lummis. “The earthquake of two years ago—which was particularly severe at this point—ruined the roof and cracked the characteristic belfry, which stands apart. But thanks to repairs to the roof made five or six years ago by the unassisted people, the adobe walls of the chapel are in excellent preservation.” Still, a lot of work needed to be done to restore the building to its original condition, and Lummis spoke glowingly of the support extended by the local residents. “In the evening, after the committee had made its measures and specifications for the necessary repairs, there was a little gathering [at the nearby general store].” About 15 heads of families attended, Lummis stated, reflecting the local population of Native Americans and descendants of Mexican families from the mission days, and the newer Anglo arrivals since 1848. “After a brief statement of the situation, the Paleños were asked if they would help. ‘I will give 10 days work,’ said John A. Giddens, the first to respond. ‘Another ten,’ said Luis Carillo. And so it went. There was not a man present who did not promise assistance.” “The entire trip was heart-warming;” wrote Lummis, “and the liberal spirit of this little settlement…surpasses all records in the Club’s history.” Source for this post was the magazine Land of Sunshine. It is in the public domain and has been scanned and digitized on the archives.com website. Go to https://archive.org/ and search for Land of Sunshine. Get Updates Automatically-Become A Follower of the San Diego History Seeker You can get weekly updates of San Diego History Seeker automatically in your email by clicking on the “Follow” button in the lower right corner of the blog page. You’ll then get an email asking you to confirm. Once you confirm you’ll be an active follower.	<urn:uuid:4570775c-1791-4d8e-9623-2b5848e40e20>	CC-MAIN-2017-26	https://sandiegohistoryseeker.com/2015/09/14/landmark-pioneers/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320362.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624221310-20170625001310-00633.warc.gz	en	0.96851	743	2.515625	3
Money doesn't grow on trees The Forestry Corporation of NSW (‘Forestry Corporation’ or ‘the Corporation’) is a state-owned corporation that manages more than two million hectares of commercial native and plantation forests in NSW for the primary purpose of timber production. Forestry Corporation has two operating segments; the Softwood Plantations Division, and the Hardwood Division (which is primarily engaged in native forest logging). For the six years between FY09 and FY14, the Softwood Plantations Division cross-subsidised loss making native forestry logging to the order of $79m. Through significant headcount reductions in FY14, the division broke even in FY15, but this was before making any contribution to the Corporations $8m interest charge. Furthermore, a declining outlook for demand of native forestry products will make this result hard to repeat. In response to declining volumes, the native forestry industry has increasingly lobbied for forest waste products to be sold to biomass electricity generation plants as a feedstock. In the current economic and regulatory environment, however, the economics of biomass power generation are not likely to provide any meaningful new demand for the Hardwood Division of the Forestry Corporation. Given that native forest logging currently struggles to generate a profit, that demand is declining, and that supplying biomass power plants will not provide the uplift required, potentially the highest economic use of native forestry would be to leave the trees standing. Although the Emissions Reduction Fund does not currently recognise the protection of native forest from logging as a method for which revenue can be claimed, if the industry were to push for inclusion, Forestry Corporation could finally begin generating decent earnings by simply ceasing native forest logging. If native forest logging were to be discontinued in NSW, existing grants and avoided losses could provide funding for ongoing management by the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service. Furthermore, the impact on jobs is likely to be minimal, as approximately only 600 people are directly employed in the native forestry industry in NSW, less than 0.1% of the total workforce.	<urn:uuid:8bb5cdf4-fb1a-42f1-9896-1a9eeb4ba81a>	CC-MAIN-2017-39	http://tai.org.au/content/money-doesnt-grow-trees	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689028.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20170922164513-20170922184513-00712.warc.gz	en	0.955155	413	2.640625	3
Si necesita ayuda, haga clic aquí: Two decades ago, the Human Genome Project (HGP) announced its initial results: the genome sequence and genetic map of the entire human body, from both functional and physical standpoints. Since then, advances in big data, storage, and computing technologies have ushered in a digital genome era, one where genome sequencing and analysis are essential in the fight against viruses, especially Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). That said, despite these advances, it's still far from easy to decode genes. Indeed, given the human genome — distributed in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus — contains 60,000 to 100,000 genes and approximately three billion base pairs, sequencing and analysis is, in fact, incredibly difficult. Scientists spent US$3 billion and 13 years to complete that first human genome sequencing. Fast forward to 2019 and the process for individuals to undergo Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) was cut to just a single day. And then, in 2021, West China Hospital (WCH) of Sichuan University, located in the city of Chengdu, Southwest China, took the next step. In September 2021, WCH, together with bioinformatics data analysis solution provider, Sailegene, and Huawei, jointly released an acceleration analysis platform for multiomics data (which combines the data sets of different omic groups). This platform shortens the analysis time of a 30X human WGS germline mutation from 24 hours to just 7 minutes: a feat of huge significance, signaling a new chapter in the exploration of human life. WCH is an important, national-level base for medical research and technological innovation. Indeed, it has ranked in first place for five consecutive years in the Chinese Hospital Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics (STEM), conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. As such, its West China Biomedical Big Data Center — an open platform for sharing research and applying health and medical big data — collects and analyzes big data in biomedicine to optimize all aspects of clinical medical treatment. The center is committed to building an efficient multiomics analysis platform to support the rapid transformation of large-scale analysis of WGS results in clinical practice. Functions and Positioning of the West China Biomedical Big Data Center With multiomics data analysis now cast as the foundation of precision medicine and medical big data, countries around the world are gradually starting to invest in genome sequencing programs for population cohorts: this marks the arrival of genome big data. WCH, for example, started a WGS program for 10,000 elderly natural population cohorts of different ethnic groups in western China in 2018 and for 100,000 Chinese patients with rare diseases in 2020. Of course, large-scale analysis of WGS results requires a high-performance genome analysis platform. Genome sequencing, a process of analyzing and determining the complete sequence of genes from blood or saliva, consists of three steps: extraction, analysis, and interpretation. It essentially converts non-visualized bioinformation into library preparation (extraction) and reduces the deviation between text information and bioinformation by using probability and statistics (analysis) for research (interpretation). This analysis involves file format conversion, decompression, gene splicing, sequence alignment, sequencing, deduplication, mutation detection, and joint genotyping. Its reliance on the performance of the bioinformatic analysis system makes it a main focus for High-Performance Computing (HPC) solutions for genome sequencing. For WCH, then, what were the specific requirements? Obviously enough, high data volumes needed to be handled efficiently. Genome sequencing generates TB-levels of data. For example, a single DNBSEQ-T7 sequencer — made by MGI, a leading producer of high throughput genome sequencing machines — produces 4.5 TB of data every 24 hours and 6 TB over 30 hours. This means that, under full load, it generates approximately 1.7 PB annually. In addition, the intermediate files and results from bioinformatic analysis are about five times the raw data volume. Therefore, one DNBSEQ-T7 requires approximately 8.5 PB of effective storage capacity annually, to generate, store, and analyze data. Storing genetic data for long periods at low costs with automatic management of online, offline, and archived data is, therefore, a significant challenge. WCH also required a solution built for application-driven scientific computing workflows as well as the hybrid workloads of heterogeneous computing. Genetic data analysis requires Input/Output (I/O)-, Central Processing Unit (CPU)-, and memory-intensive services for different research purposes, along with dedicated software and different computing scenarios . The analysis and mining of mass genetic data therefore requires streaming, processing, and high-performance Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and CPU heterogeneous computing clusters. In addition, sequence alignment, often performed during the analysis of genome sequences, requires a one-off import of mass data into the memory for processing, translating into high capacity requirements. Putting it quite simply, ultimate storage performance was also required. Mass data transmission imposes huge pressure on the network and its bandwidth. In addition, the computing process involves high-speed data sharing, read, write, and search, which requires high I/O bandwidth of storage and devices. A storage system must deliver a throughput of at least 6 GB/s and high real-time performance to ensure data integrity. Challenges and Requirements of Data Infrastructure for the Genomics Data Analysis Platform The innovative cooperation between WCH, Sailegene, and Huawei has taken full advantage of WCH's leading academic and industrial advantages in multiomics data analysis and genome application, Sailegene's industry experience in GPU-accelerated bioinformation data analysis, and Huawei's technical accumulation in high-performance data storage and advanced genetic data management systems. Combining these strengths has resulted in an acceleration analysis platform for data and storage technologies, allowing the biotechnology industry to operate at far faster speeds, promoting — even leading — the digital transformation of the healthcare industry. WHS-IMOAP Acceleration Analysis Platform for Multiomics Data WCH has now deployed the optimization solution, which uses a top-level architecture that analyzes running data to identify performance bottlenecks by using high-performance software algorithms. The hospital has also set up a Research and Development (R&D) team and an acceleration analysis platform for multiomics data, creating a world-leading high-performance genomics analysis platform. Sailegene has provided its ultra-fast Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) data analysis platform — BaseNumber — which optimizes a single thread to multiple threads, adds an intensive concurrent read/write mode for disks, and improves write bandwidth to 6–12 GB/s as well as I/O throughput. BaseNumber also offers a fast cache synchronization mode to accelerate the read and write of large files. Huawei OceanStor Pacific mass data storage provides a storage foundation that enjoys extremely high performance. Sequence alignment, remember, imposes a high requirement on the single-thread bandwidth of storage. Compared with WCH's legacy storage devices, OceanStor Pacific provides double the single-thread read bandwidth and four times the single-thread write bandwidth. It offers aggregated bandwidth of 30 GB/s read and 25 GB/s write, with four nodes, significantly improving the performance of the multiomics joint innovation platform. The comprehensive innovation that has helped to achieve the analysis of WGS results in just 7 minutes — based on architecture, computing, and storage — is three and a half times faster than WCH's legacy platform and 180 times faster than a traditional solution. At the 6th Biomedical Big Data and Intelligent Technology Application Summit, Dr. Yu Haopeng, a data scientist at the West China Biomedical Big Data Center, formally released the WHS-IMOAP high-performance genome analysis joint solution, announcing that the era of multiomics big data had arrived . All of this will only accelerate the wider application of precision medicine big data in healthcare. While once limited to scientific research laboratories alone, genome sequencing is now being widely used in clinical applications, providing optimal results. With big data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, WCH has, in effect, conducted in-depth cross-disciplinary research, integrating medicine and engineering, all made possible through comprehensive collaboration between industry players, academia, research institutions, and applications. And the end result? The hospital has built a new full-lifecycle healthcare system, one that helps patients get better and recover faster — the ultimate aim of healthcare, at the end of the day.	<urn:uuid:91a15abb-6251-4b33-a40c-3f1bc1cdd9c3>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	https://e.huawei.com/es/case-studies/storage/2021/west-china-hospital-sichuan-university	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945376.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230325222822-20230326012822-00753.warc.gz	en	0.906825	1,808	3.015625	3
World AIDS Day 2010: Top signs of progress In 2009, more than 33 million people worldwide were living with HIV. That's up from 26.2 million in 1999. Despite that staggering statistic, UNAIDS and other AIDS organizations are making progress in their efforts to control and eventually eradicate HIV/AIDS. World AIDS Day is a chance to take stock of how well these organizations are doing and where the world stands today. A worldwide decline in infection rates According to the 2010 report from UNAIDS, the United Nations' HIV/AIDS program, the overall HIV infection rate has declined almost 20 percent in 10 years – from 3.1 million new cases in 1999 to 2.6 million in 2009. That decrease follows decades of explosive growth in the number of HIV infections. According to the Monitor's Africa Bureau Chief Scott Baldauf, much of that decline can be attributed to funding from donor nations – such as the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), which registered $6.8 billion in funding in 2010 – and private organizations. Much of that money goes toward education about prevention and prevention tools, such as teaching people about safe sex and making condoms more available. 1 of 5	<urn:uuid:f6fbbae1-9451-4cb0-a60b-7c5ce421bf7b>	CC-MAIN-2017-30	https://m.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2010/1201/World-AIDS-Day-2010-Top-signs-of-progress/A-worldwide-decline-in-infection-rates	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423809.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20170721202430-20170721222430-00241.warc.gz	en	0.949482	247	3.09375	3
Facebook to use unmanned solar powered drones to provide internet access to remote places. It looks like Facebook is in a position to take the next giant step in moving the digital age of the internet forward. The Huge drones will travel the skies bringing connectivity to people below. Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook aims to connect the world to the internet and hopefully to Facebook. The initiative will empower knowledge and jobs to 100’s of millions of people in the world. Facebook CEO said in his blog : As part of our Internet.org effort to connect the world, we’ve designed unmanned aircraft that can beam internet access down to people from the sky. Today, I’m excited to share that we’ve successfully completed our first test flight of these aircraft in the UK. The final design will have a wingspan greater than a Boeing 737 but will weigh less than a car. It will be powered by solar panels on its wings and it will be able to stay at altitudes of more than 60,000 feet for months at a time. The Inquirer reports: Aircraft like these will help connect the whole world because they can affordably serve the 10% of the world’s population that live in remote communities without existing internet infrastructure. Zuckerberg and Schroepfer, who delivered the technical keynote at the conference, spoke about the efforts that the firm is making to make the world more connected. These include Oculus, the face-hugging augmented reality system, and a machine with enough artificial intelligence nous to answer questions about The Lord of the Rings. “We have a chance to connect everyone in the world. Facebook can build systems that are more human, more personalized and more intelligent than anything that has come before,” said Facebook in summary mode. “The technologies that were discussed today will help build tools and services that better serve people and move the world forward.” Facebook-backed Internet.org said that there is great potential in the unconnected, suggesting that increasing internet access could create 140 million jobs, take 160 million people out of poverty, and save the lives of hundreds of thousands of children. Currently, the firm added, only a third of the global population who could join Facebook has access to the internet. Latest posts by Edmondo Burr (see all) - Indian And Chinese Soldiers Clash Along Himalayan Border - August 17, 2017 - Baby Dolphin Dies In Strange World Full Of Homo Sapiens - August 17, 2017 - Russia Adopts Blockchain In Response To US Sanctions - August 17, 2017	<urn:uuid:b9e09737-a7ac-4e1c-804d-f0e4b4e12f9c>	CC-MAIN-2017-34	http://yournewswire.com/facebook-drones-provide-internet-access/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886104160.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817210535-20170817230535-00486.warc.gz	en	0.933318	534	2.546875	3
What Are Treatments for Learning Disabilities? Learning disabilities treatment can make a world of difference for a child, not just at school but at home, too. Left untreated, kids can become easily frustrated and experience feelings of failure and inadequacy as they compare their learning disability to their classmates’ learning abilities. Treatments for learning disabilities are actions taken to set up a child for success. As such, learning disabilities treatment can improve learning success as well as a child’s quality of life. Can a Learning Disability Be Cured? Because it’s a processing problem within the brain, a learning disability can’t be cured. It can, however, be treated. The sooner the treatment for a learning disability begins, the more effective it is. Identifying and treating a learning problem early allows a child to gain learning strategies before falling significantly behind classmates. Learning disabilities treatment can also minimize or prevent other struggles as well, such as self-esteem problems, emotional, or behavioral issues. You’re about to learn some common treatment methods for learning disabilities. Before diving into treatments, it’s worth noting that the foundation of any learning disabilities treatment is a child’s strengths. Having a learning disability doesn’t mean that kids have nothing going for them in the classroom or beyond. All kids have strengths and talents. Talk with your child about discovering and applying their strengths and abilities to their learning, social skills, and more. Learning Disabilities Treatment at School, Home, and Beyond Your child’s individualized education program (IEP) specifies learning modifications and accommodations. These interventions are important treatment approaches in school. Modifications and accommodations are adjustments that allow kids to learn the same material as their peers, just in a slightly different way. For instance, modifications for a child with a writing disorder might allow the student to complete assignments and tests verbally. Accommodations for a child with a reading disorder could include text-to-speech software. Many other school-based treatments and interventions are used to support students with learning disabilities. Some of them are: - Intensive teaching techniques, like one-on-one instruction, breaking material into smaller bits - Allowing a child extra time to complete work, assigning a notetaker to assist the student - Visual aids - Memory aids like mnemonic devices - Multi-modal teaching that uses senses beyond auditory and visual - Teacher check-ins during classroom instruction - Using motivators like goals, encouragement, positive reinforcement - Bypass interventions allow students to get around an area of disability, such as taking tests orally or having a reader - If the IEP allows, structuring the student’s day so that they spend a portion of it in a resource room/special education room Learning disorder treatments should happen at home, too. Home-based support is essential. You don’t have to use the same interventions as your child’s teacher, because your environment, goals, and your child’s tasks are different. An important treatment intervention for home life is to be unconditionally supportive of your child. Listen to their frustrations and help them use their strengths to overcome obstacles. Homework can be a problem for kids with learning disabilities. Create a dedicated homework area and create a structured routine for daily homework. Consider hiring a tutor if you and your child clash when you try to help. Above all, have realistic expectations, neither too low nor too high. Treatment interventions are crucial for your child’s mental health, too. Often, when a child has a learning disability, they have difficulties in other aspects of their lives. These experiences are common: - Depression, anxiety, and other emotional problems - Poor social skills and problems making and keeping friendships - Lagging athletic/physical skills - Behavior issues - Low self-esteem There are numerous learning disabilities treatments and interventions. Not everything is a treatment, though. There are things that make terrible interventions for kids with learning disorders. What is NOT Part of Learning Disabilities Treatment? The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends against any intervention that hasn’t been proven effective through research (HealthyChildren.org, n.d.). This can include: - Special vitamins - Special glasses - Eye exercises - Patterning exercises - Diets that eliminate foods, additives, etc. Medication is also not part of learning disabilities treatment. While conditions such as ADHD, depression, or anxiety happen because of neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain, learning disabilities happen because of hardwiring problems in the brain. Thus, there is no medication for learning disabilities. A final treatment is very much worth mentioning. It’s important to let kids with learning disabilities just be themselves, accepted fully for who they are without always trying to treat or fix them. Equally important is allowing them to pursue things that interest them. Like other treatments for learning disabilities, letting them be themselves and do things they like will increase success in school, at home, and in life in general. Peterson, T. (2019, September 4). What Are Treatments for Learning Disabilities?, HealthyPlace. Retrieved on 2020, July 9 from https://www.healthyplace.com/parenting/learning-disabilities/what-are-treatments-for-learning-disabilities	<urn:uuid:27841a16-5472-46b1-b037-a826ad3dfc97>	CC-MAIN-2020-29	https://aws.healthyplace.com/parenting/learning-disabilities/what-are-treatments-for-learning-disabilities	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655899209.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709065456-20200709095456-00551.warc.gz	en	0.946678	1,104	3.890625	4
Identification of Homogeneous Areas for Drought Frequency Analysis AbstractOwing to high spatial and temporal rainfall variability, rationale water management decision-making is complex. Hence, it is essential to identify homogeneous areas to assist water management. This paper focusses on separating the study area into homogeneous groups to predict the risk of occurrence of a drought event. The severity-duration-frequency (SDF) curves were developed to determine the relationship between the probability of a drought occurring with a certain severity and frequency at the selected stations in Victoria, Australia. Two techniques namely cluster analysis and modified Andrews curve were used in grouping study area that have similar climate characteristics with respect to risk of occurrence of drought (i.e. rainfall variability). The study area was divided into six clusters and they adequately covered the study area. A mean drought frequency curve was developed for each homogeneous group to determine the probability of vulnerability to a drought event with a certain severity. The advantage of separating stations into homogenous groups based on similar drought characteristics is that it eliminates the necessity to carry out a detailed drought characteristic analysis for any location of interest. The measurable characteristics of this station will determine its best match with the existing cluster groups. Open access licenses Open Access is by licensing the content with a Creative Commons (CC) license. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.	<urn:uuid:bea79057-9438-4725-b5e0-2799864ed3a6>	CC-MAIN-2020-10	https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/view/1510	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875141653.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20200217030027-20200217060027-00367.warc.gz	en	0.934865	285	2.515625	3
Ask any old time railroad employee when the railroad industry was in its prime and he will most assuredly say the era of World War Two. Never before had there been the amount of traffic generated by the war effort and because of its location, Buffalo was one of the largest rail centers in the world. Sadly, the city of Buffalo would suffer a casualty of the war with the decline and fall of Central Terminal. Just after the war ended, the railroad industry was still riding the crest of the wave of prosperity with a few changes. The diesel locomotive, put aside because of the war, was introduced as a cheaper, cleaner, and more effective way of pulling trains. Rail employees saw it coming and most were not happy. Layoffs were imminent as a crew to run and maintain a diesel engine was half of that needed for a steam engine. The New York Central was one of many railroads that felt the sting of other infiltrators into their domain of mass transportation. In the late 1940's, the Interstate Highway System and the new jet engine on airplanes made train travel seem antiquated. Many historians believe that railroad companies always had a distaste for passenger travel and never made a dime providing it. Perhaps the other methods of new mass transit would be a good excuse for the railroads to get out of a part of their industry that was costing them money for nothing in return. Central Terminal had a quieter atmosphere as fewer and fewer people crowded into its concourse to take the train and in 1949, the City of Buffalo got what it had always wanted all along; a downtown train station. This began a series of events that would ultimately spell the beginning of the end of Buffalo as the second largest rail center in the country. When the new depot was constructed by the New York Central, it was placed on Exchange Street a little further up the road from where the old depot stood. The Central closed the Terrace Station, pulled up the rails that ran on the Terrace and down Court Street, and lay new rails on the bed of the old Erie Canal. Buffalo's Department of Public Works had begun a $25 million project of elevating the new New York State Thruway and the old main line of the Lehigh Valley was used for the run from downtown Buffalo. The new station opened in 1952 and initially saw almost 21 trains a day. Today, railroad men refer to this small brick building as "Amshack". The New York Central demolished the Terrace Station in September of 1952, one month after the new depot opened. The Thruway project continued until completed in 1955. By then, passenger travel had diminished well below the 99 daily trains that Central Terminal had experienced in 1953. In March of 1954, the last steam train departed the Terminal. The situation was getting worse. As the 1950's came to a close, the New York Central Railroad was experiencing what the majority of every class one railroad in the country was feeling; a drastic drop in profits. Passenger operations were becoming an ever increasing drain on costs, freight revenues were suffering from the proliferation of the trucking industry, and the St. Lawrence Seaway was draining business away from Buffalo as a major shipping port. Realizing that they were over extended, the NYC began to sell off many of its assets including 406 passenger stations. Only 50 were sold. Central Terminal was pretty much abandoned by its parent company because the costs in taxes and maintenance were very high. But in 1956, if you had the money, you could have purchased the Central Terminal for $1 million. In August of 1959, Buffprop Enterprises signed a 25 year lease with the Central with the intention of converting the terminal into a shopping plaza and offices. The NYC held on to the train concourse for its remaining passenger trains, but it scaled down its ticket offices and baggage facility. Basically, the Central built a station within a station. The rest of the building began to shut down. The fate of Central Terminal took another turn for the worse when Buffprop ran out of steam for the whole renovation project. In 1960, they defaulted on their lease and the NYC had the terminal back in their hands. Buffalo was now on a downward spin toward oblivion as a major rail center. The Lehigh Valley's beautiful marble depot, abandoned since 1952, was demolished in 1960 to make way for the city's New York State Building. (I will not pass judgment in this article, but anyone who has seen both of these buildings will agree with me when I say that the State building is one of the ugliest excuses for modern architecture that the city has ever seen. When asked about why the Lehigh Terminal was never even considered for remodeling to fit the criteria as an office complex, a local architect told me that it was felt that the building was too cavernous and drafty!! Score another loss for Buffalo.) In 1962, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad was finalizing its merger plans with the Erie Railroad which finally came to pass in 1963. The new company, the Erie - Lackawanna Railroad abandoned the majestic terminal at the foot of Main Street. The station was finally demolished in 1979 during construction of Buffalo's light rail rapid transit system. However, the station's train shed still exists as a maintenance shop for the NFTA. (Even though I never saw the interior of the D.L.& W. terminal, I have been told that the entire building was in much worse shape than Central Terminal due to vandals and the weather! A friend of mine said that one time he went inside to take some pictures and ran into a bunch of bums living there! It was even more dangerous than the Terminal!) To go back a bit, the Erie Railroad sold their depot on Exchange Street and Michigan Avenue in 1935 and moved all their operations into the Lehigh Valley terminal. The Erie's depot existed as the headquarters for a trucking company until it was finally destroyed by fire in February of 1946. All that remains is a section of wall facing Michigan Avenue. To further add insult to injury, the New York Central closed the little brick depot it had constructed only ten years earlier. It now seemed impossible to be able to catch a train out of Buffalo. Meanwhile, traffic at Central Terminal was down to only 22 trains a day by the mid 1960's. In 1966, the Central demolished the Pullman service center, ice house, and coach house to help save on taxes. The final blow came in 1968 when two of the biggest rivals in railroad history, the New York Central and the Pennsylvania, merged to form the disastrous Penn Central Corporation. Unanimously, every railroad in the United States wanted "out" with their passenger services. In 1971, the Federal Government formed Amtrak as a way of securing what little passenger services remained in the country. Amtrak continued to use Central Terminal, but cut the service to only two trains daily to New York. By 1974, service was installed to Detroit, and by 1975, to Chicago. Amtrak, while not an immediate success, was on its way to keeping America moving by rail. In 1976, the bankruptcy of Penn Central forced the formation of Conrail which used the Terminal as its Buffalo headquarters. 1978 saw the reopening of the little depot on Exchange Street (Amshack), and service was restored to Niagara Falls. But what was happening to Central Terminal? Slowly but surely, Amtrak was discovering that this enormous structure on Buffalo's East side was just too much for the amount of traffic that was coming in and out of the city. The building was finally sold in 1979 to Anthony Fidele for $75,000! Mr. Fedele planned on converting the Terminal into a hotel/recreation center, but those plans never came about. Buffalo was a changed city in the early 80's. Gone were the days of having the title of "second largest rail center in the country". The city's east side, the home to Central Terminal since 1929, was becoming an area of decay and abandonment. The Polish community that once held the majority of the area's population was now seeing a tremendous rise in crime. People were now afraid to go out to the Terminal because it was becoming quite clear that the East side of Buffalo was not a safe place to be. Anthony Fedele was experiencing this problem first hand when he unsuccessfully tried to bring tenants to the Terminal. But there was one last hurrah. In 1980, the Terminal was the scene for the shooting of the movie "Best Friends" starring Goldie Hawn and Burt Reynolds. If anyone has ever seen this light comedy, the scene with the Terminal is truly breathtaking. Shot in the middle of winter, the Terminal is resplendent! Even though it is a view from 1980, you can almost get a sense of what the building was like when it opened. However, it is empty. The movie crew didn't have a problem with crowds milling about. There weren't any. The Terminal looks like an empty shell. Freight operations were changing too. Gone were the days of the 40 foot wooden boxcar. Now, trains were composed of high cars over 80 feet in length. Conrail, to accommodate this added height, blasted away the section of the passenger concourse over the belt line in 1982. The concourse was abandoned as Amtrak no longer used the Terminal as a passenger station because in 1979 they built their station in Depew, a mile or so up the track from the old terminal. In November of 1983, the building was in danger of being sold out from under Anthony Fedele when the IRS came looking for back taxes on the station. He made a valiant attempt at settling the debt by paying $10,200 toward the $142,128 bill, and agreed to pay $2000 a month until the matter was settled. However, the continued decay of the neighborhood drove all perspective buyers away. A glimmer of hope appeared in 1984 when Central Terminal was listed on the National Registry of Historic Places. This gave Mr. Fedele a break on the taxes and also stopped any chance of having the building demolished. New York State recognized the Terminal as an excellent example of the Art Deco style and Mr. Fedele thought that his building was saved. However, fate was unkind. Conrail gave up its interest in the building in the mid 1980's and pulled out all of its operations. To make matters worse, a fire destroyed the mezzanine level where not only Conrail was located, but Mr. Fedele's apartment as well. (Yes, he was so attached to the building that he converted a wing into living quarters for himself.) Mr. Fedele gave up ownership of the building in 1986, and several more private owners took over after that. But with no one to police the building, it became wide open to vandals and mother nature. By 1990, 75 percent of its interior had been pillaged. Artifacts were removed and sold at architectural auctions, memorabilia was stripped by curious railfans, and anything made of copper and brass was ripped out and sold for scrap. Even the proud buffalo statue was crushed when a previous owner, while trying to remove the dome lights in the ceiling, backed a truck into the statue's pillar and knocked the buffalo off smashing it to bits. Then there were the elements. The roof of the building was destroyed when vandals pulled the copper flashing off thus letting in all the snow and rain. As the seasons changed, water would seep into cracks, freeze, and crack the brickwork of the building like it were Styrofoam. Water began to pour into the building like a river, bringing down ceilings and walls, buckling floors, and rusting metal. The mail and baggage area suffered the worst. Every wall was leveled by the water, and moss actually began to grow on the floors! The waiting room, cluttered with remnants of Conrail, turned into a disaster area as the plaster on the ceiling fell down. If you were to go into the waiting room now, you would have to wear a hard hat and a rain coat because it would be like walking through Niagara Falls. Down in the basement, a water main broke and flooded the entire section of the workshop and boiler room with 8 feet of water. Unable to get to the leak to fix it, the Water Department left it alone. The major problem with this is that the water freezes in the winter, and the ice expands and pulls the foundation of the building apart as if it were paper. The tower is littered with paperwork from the last 30 years. All of the records from every railroad that used the Terminal are thrown all over ever floor. If you drive up to the building, you will see receipts from the New York Central flying out the windows and lying on the grounds. Most importantly, there are no doors or windows on the building so it has become a haven for trouble. It is a very dangerous place and a consistent problem for the city of Buffalo. In 1993, the passenger concourse was purchased by a construction company that uses it to store heavy equipment. The long concourse was surrounded by a barbed wire fence and this helps to keep the vandalism in check, but the damage has already been done. In 1997, the building was purchased by the Central Terminal Preservation Company and this new owner has pledged to secure the building and at least stop the destruction that's being caused by the elements. For more on this subject, please visit the Press Articles section. My only advice to anyone who reads this is to do yourself a favor and go see the Terminal for yourself. I am in no way encouraging anyone to do anything dangerous, and I take no responsibility for anything that happens there. It is a dangerous place, but it is also the last of its kind in the world. It represents an architectural style no longer in use anywhere. It symbolizes an era of history that brought power and wealth to the City of Buffalo. It was built to withstand a nuclear disaster but it remains powerless to stop the destruction brought upon it by things both man-made and God-made. Take your pictures now because there are always plans for demolition. The only thing stopping that is the $20 million price tag. We have lost so much in this city; the Lehigh Valley and D.L.& W. terminals, the Larkin Building. Don't miss seeing Central Terminal. Be curious, but be careful.	<urn:uuid:eb9d91d4-d32c-4d8f-b8b5-0042ff76889c>	CC-MAIN-2014-15	http://www.buffalohistoryworks.com/terminal/death/death.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609523429.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005203-00630-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.982895	2,934	3.203125	3
A JOINT PUBLICATION BY: Strategy Group, Prime Minister’s Office Singapore Department of Statistics Ministry of Home Affairs Immigration & Checkpoints Authority Ministry of Manpower APA BibTeX RIS Google Scholar Google Population in Brief Its goal is to promote understanding of the factors that contribute to a sustainable population in Singapore. A sustainable population is one that is balanced across the three pillars of a strong and cohesive society with Singaporeans at its heart, a dynamic and vibrant economy to provide good jobs and opportunities for Singaporeans, and a high quality living environment. Something wrong with this information? Report errors here.	<urn:uuid:4a85501d-30ce-464d-ab0c-b65f5cbfd6c9>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://data.metabolismofcities.org/dashboards/singapore/publications/34397/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643388.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20230527223515-20230528013515-00648.warc.gz	en	0.816192	198	2.609375	3
White supremacy is not a new concept when it comes to the United States. It is commonly known that many Founding Fathers were slave owners. These men bought and sold black people to build structures, tend to crops and be servants. Despite writing about how all men are created equal, black and native people were considered subservient and beneath white men. The U.S. was founded by white men who brutally beat and sometimes murdered people they kept as slaves. Out of the first 12 presidents, only two never owned slaves. In fact, two of the most known and talked about presidents, Jefferson and Jackson, owned multitudes of slaves that were mistreated and abused. According to the Washington Post, Jackson produced an ad offering extra money per lashings on returned slaves, highlighting his cruel and violent treatment of them. Despite outright criticism of the slave trade, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe and others actively participated in the enslavement of people and very reluctantly, if at all, freed their slaves. This beginning set the tone of racial relations in the U.S. Over the years, the divide between racial groups deepened, even after strides forward. When slavery was outlawed, the southern states seceded in order to continue the oppression and systematic enslavement of those they deemed inferior. When black people became more outspoken and involved in society, laws were passed to exclude and imprison them. During the Jim Crow era, several racist groups started to show themselves, such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and the United Daughters of the Confederacy. These groups sought to actively murder and intimidate black people, respectively. The United Daughters of the Confederacy would buy Confederate monuments for smaller towns as a way of intimidating black people from participating in society and government institutions. This happened again in the Civil Rights era. More statues were erected, and the government actively tried to silence black protesters. Marches, sit ins and peaceful demonstrations were met with violence from white communities and the police. When the Black Panther party bought guns for self-protection, the president and the government cracked down on gun-control laws. They also illegally surveilled leaders of black rights groups, such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. The Southern Poverty Law Center, a group known for fighting against prejudice and bigotry, created a map of all Confederate monuments. The map shows a spike between the 1890s and 1920s and another during the 1950s and ’60s, discrediting the idea that these were erected for historical value. White supremacists’ actions are not limited to black people, though. Native Americans have had their land, rights and lives taken from them. Latino and Hispanic people are highly incarcerated for minor crimes. Synagogues and Jewish businesses have been vandalized and destroyed. Non-white and non-Christian people are threatened and attacked by not only individuals but also the institutions those individuals created and thrive in. White people have benefited from white supremacy for so long that most do not see how modern-day Nazis function. To white people, it’s a question of freedom of speech and preserving history. They don’t understand the “alt-right” neo-Nazis are actively calling for the genocide and extermination of non-white people, and their preservation of history is a thinly veiled attempt at keeping racist effigies around to continue the intimidation and silencing of other racial groups. By saying both sides are equally wrong or that people fighting against the rise of fascism are terrorists, the fascists can keep doing what they’re doing. The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination spoke out against statements made by the president in response to Charlottesville. Committee chairperson Anastasia Crickley stated in an interview with Al Jazeera that she was horrified at the display of slurs, chants and salutes that are “promoting white supremacy and inciting racial discrimination and hatred.” This reinstates the idea that without a 100-percent condemnation, the white supremacists are growing stronger. To reiterate, white supremacy is not a new idea; it’s just in new packaging. Since the country’s inception, citizens have been fighting against white supremacists. Our history has been erased and whitewashed to the point where people don’t remember how racist and genocidal the founders were. They don’t remember how white people from all socioeconomic groups perpetuated the stereotypes and systematic injustices against non-white people. White supremacy is not on the rise. It has always been here. The only difference now is the method of recruitment and action we are witnesses to.	<urn:uuid:0f418446-92d7-446e-aaf0-e154fb3f840e>	CC-MAIN-2020-29	https://currentsauce.com/2017/08/30/is-white-supremacy-making-a-return/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657169226.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200716122414-20200716152414-00480.warc.gz	en	0.96738	942	4.09375	4
In Aztec myths and religious beliefs, gods and goddesses played an important role, as well as powerful entities. Some were intensely feared, while others were looked upon as protectors. In some cases, a deity would become both worshipped and feared depending on the circumstances. In this article, you will learn what the Aztec believed happened to souls of women who died in childbirth, as well as what was referred to as the star demons of darkness. The ancient Aztec keenly recognized the hardships that came with childbirth. They often compared the act with warfare and when a woman died while giving birth, they were honored just like they would a fallen warrior. The Aztec believed that the souls of women who died in childbirth played an important role in the setting of the sin in the western sky. The souls as a collective were referred to as Cihuateteo. The Cihuateteo were also viewed as night demons that haunted crossroads at night. They were also known to have a knack for stealing children and were blamed for causing seizures and insanity. The Cihuateteo are often depicted with skeletal faces and claws like an eagle on their hands. Out of all the ancient Aztec gods and goddesses, they are associated with the goddess Cihuacoatl and sometimes linked to Mictlan Ã¢â‚¬â€œ as envoys for the world of the dead. The Cihuateteo are also servants of Tezcatlipoca and Tlazolteotl Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Aztec moon deities. Aztec myths also speak of the Tzitzimimeh Ã¢â‚¬â€œ star demons of darkness that strike the sun during eclipses and pose threats to earth. In art, the deities were portrayed as skeletal female figures that wore skirts made out of skull and crossbone designs. They were linked to fertility and had a connection to the Cihuateteo and other female deities, such as Coarlicue and Cihuacoatl. It was believed that the Tzitzimimeh caused solar eclipses so that they could visit eat and eat humans. They were feared, especially during gloomy times in Aztec history when change was expected to occur. For example, the people feared the wrath of the Tzitzimimeh during the five unlucky days called Nemontemi that represent an unstable period in the calendar year and during the New Fire ceremony (the start of a new calendar). There were two sides to the Tzitzimimeh. Sometimes, they took on the role of the protectress of women and friends of mankind. On the other end, they possessed a great deal of power and could become dangerous rather quickly Ã¢â‚¬â€œ most often when cosmic factors were not stable. Gods of Excess The Aztec believed there were gods of excess, who were collectively referred to as the Ahuiateteo. Some of the gods were Macuilcozcacuauhtli (five vulture), Macuilcuetzpalin (five lizard), Macuilmalinalli (five grass), Macuiltochtli (five rabbit), and Macuilxochitl (five flower), who was also known as the god of games and gambling. Macuilxochitl served as the chief of the Ahuiateteo.	<urn:uuid:a0e53b95-2f9e-4b3f-98fa-68267344c002>	CC-MAIN-2014-35	http://www.unexplainable.net/ancients/aztec-myths-beliefs-and-folklore.php	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500823169.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021343-00437-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.989482	715	3.890625	4
Revolution #140, August 17, 2008 The TRUE Story of Mao Tsetung and the Communist Revolution in China In the 1960s and 1970s Mao Tsetung was one of the most famous people in the world. He had led the Chinese people, against all odds, to make a revolution. For the many millions who passionately fought for justice and liberation in those days, the Chinese Revolution stood out like a beacon. And Mao himself was most famous for restlessly refusing to stop the revolution halfway—for never settling in, never ceasing to fight for a world without any division into classes, into nations, into oppressor and oppressed. A lot of people—teachers, workers, doctors, scientists, students, and revolutionaries—from many different countries, went to China to witness the socialist society being built under Mao’s leadership. And many returned home, inspired and hopeful about the possibility of a truly liberating society. In China itself, the masses revered Mao—as leader of the revolutionary vanguard in China, the Communist Party of China, he had led the victory in a 22-year war of liberation against both foreign invaders and domestic reactionaries. Following that epic struggle, he led the people to construct a new society and new lives in socialist China, and to go further in defending the revolution and transforming society during the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. But there were those who opposed Mao, right in the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Like Mao, they had come into the revolution, and the Communist Party, burning with anger over China’s treatment by imperialism. Like Mao, they fought in the revolution for liberation. But unlike Mao their sights did not go all the way to communism; in fact, their aims really went no further than building China into a powerful nation. And in the name of building a strong and modern China they adopted programs and policies that essentially reinforced capitalist relations and thinking. After Mao died in 1976, these “capitalist roaders” in the Chinese Communist Party seized power and overthrew socialism and restored capitalism, arresting hundreds of thousands and killing thousands in the process. And even though the Chinese government has continued to call itself socialist and communist, China has been a capitalist country ever since. Mao’s principles—what he stood for—have been gutted, while China’s new rulers have turned Mao into a nationalist icon. Today two whole generations of people have grown up in the U.S. where in large part what they know about Mao and China is the official storyline of the U.S. ruling class and mainstream media. And what they know, in large part, is ALL WRONG. People are told that Mao was a heartless, “power-hungry dictator,” who committed great crimes against people. But the TRUTH is that Mao Tsetung was a great revolutionary communist who led a quarter of the planet’s people to liberate China out from under the thumb of imperialist oppressors—and then move on to build a socialist, liberating society for over 25 years. Understanding the truth about Mao is important for everyone—the revolution he led was a major milestone in human history and everyone should know the truth about such a revolution and such a figure. For those who truly want to change the world, there is even more at stake—for Mao’s revolutionary thinking and practice form a critical part of the foundation and the point of departure for rebuilding a revolutionary movement today. This is the TRUE story of Mao Tsetung and the world historic revolution he led in China. Growing up in the “Sick Man of Asia” Mao was born December 26, 1893 and grew up in a China that had been invaded, and divided up by Britain, France, the U.S., Russia, Germany and Japan. These colonial powers controlled the economics and politics of China. They treated the Chinese people like dogs and rounded them up to be used as “coolie labor” on plantations and in mines all over the world. Foreign troops were in every main city. British and American gunboats patrolled the waters and foreign countries controlled the ports, postal system, shipping, railroads and telegraph. A sign posted in a park in the big city of Shanghai read: “No Dogs or Chinese Allowed.” China was so oppressed that it was known as “the sick man of Asia.” In the China where Mao grew up, most people were poor peasants suffering under the system of feudalism. Big landlords owned most of the land and landless peasants were forced to work for them, getting barely enough to survive. The peasants lived in constant debt, subjected to the tyranny of the landlords and conditions of poverty, hunger and disease. Families sold their children because they couldn’t feed them. Hundreds of thousands starved to death. And life for common people in the cities wasn’t much better. In Shanghai as many as 25,000 dead bodies were picked up off the streets each year. The British flooded China with opium, turning over 60 million Chinese people into addicts—while British and American capitalists got rich off this drug trade. Take a minute and think about the people behind those numbers—the degree of human misery and suffering this represented, year in and year out. Mao also grew up in a time of peasant uprisings. From 1901 to 1910 there were nearly 1,000 such spontaneous struggles, involving tens of millions of people. As a student, Mao studied the Taiping Rebellion, where peasants took up arms and set up a revolutionary government (from 1850 to 1864). Mao learned how some 20 million people died when the Chinese government, along with the U.S, Britain and France, sent in troops to put the rebellion down. Again, think about the people behind that number. In 1906, when Mao was 12 years old, all of China was hit by war, famine and flood. When the “Hunan Insurrection” happened, Mao said this influenced his whole life. Thousands of miners and peasants marched through the provincial capital and raided the grain stores of the landlords. Soldiers put the rebellion down and the heads of slaughtered rebels were stuck on the city gates as a warning to the people. Mao said: “This incident was discussed in my school for many days. It made a deep impression on me. Most of the other students sympathized with the ‘insurrectionists’ but only from an observer’s point of view. They did not understand that it had any relation to their own lives. They were merely interested in it as an exciting incident. I never forgot it. I felt that the rebels were ordinary people like my own family and I deeply resented the injustice of the treatment given to them.” But despite their heroism and sacrifice, these rebellions had proven incapable of truly solving the problem and changing the society in a fundamental way. Mao, like many in his generation, was determined to find the way forward. In 1909, at the age of 16, Mao left home to go to school to become a teacher. He said, “For the first time I saw and studied with great interest a map of the world.” Mao studied the history of other nations and philosophers from many countries. He scanned newspapers from all over China. And for the first time, he read Marx’s “Communist Manifesto.” In 1917, Mao founded the “New People’s Study Society.” This group of young activists opposed opium smoking, gambling, drinking, prostitution and corruption and opposed the oppression of women. Mao argued that women should be “independent persons”—that men could not be free unless women were also liberated. The group started evening classes for workers where Mao taught history, discussed “current affairs,” and read newspapers to the workers. A poster announcing his classes read: “Come and listen to some plain speech¼ you can wear any clothes you want.” Salvos from Russia In 1917 the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia and established a new socialist state. This revolution led by Lenin sent shockwaves around the world. It spread communism to other countries and connected with anti-colonial, anti-imperialist struggles that were going on. For so many generations the masses of Chinese people had fought back, but had no theory, no leadership and no plan for how to achieve liberation. But now, as Mao put it, “the salvos of the October Revolution brought Marxism-Leninism to China.” After World War 1, the imperialist powers that won the war transferred Germany’s colonial rights and privileges in China to Japan. On May 4, 1919, 3,000 students in the capital city of Beijing demonstrated against this decision. Martial law was declared and the police and army started arresting people. The students called for a general strike in the schools. Soon after this a strike centered in Shanghai, involving 90,000 workers, shut down more than 100 companies and factories. When Mao and other members of the New People’s Study Society heard about this “May 4th Movement,” they called for a strike and formed a students’ union in Hunan. And throughout 1919 this anti-imperialist movement gained widespread support all over China and politicized millions. From early on Mao spoke out against the way women were oppressed by feudal tradition. On November 14, 1919, a woman cut her throat as she was being carried in a bridal sedan-chair to an arranged marriage. When Mao heard about this he published a series of 10 articles blaming the existing social conditions for this tragedy. He said women were “a tremendous potential revolutionary force” because “women have more oppression on their backs than men, for whereas men have three mountains of exploitation, women have four, for man also exploits her.” This fundamental stance of Mao’s—his burning desire to get rid of every chain upon humanity—would stay with him his whole life. Ode to the Plum Blossom Wind and rain escorted Spring’s departure, Sweet and fair, she craves not Spring for herself alone, Written by Mao Tsetung in December 1961, to commemorate his first wife, Yang Kaihui, who was killed by the reactionary Kuomingtang in 1927 after she refused to renounce her revolutionary politics and her marriage to Mao. In 1921, Mao joined with a small group of Chinese Marxists and together they formed the Chinese Communist Party. By taking up the ideology of Marxism-Leninism they could now begin to effectively tackle the theoretical and practical problems of making revolution in a country like China. In 1921, Mao married Yang Kaihui, who had joined the communist party. She remained a revolutionary until 1927 when she was captured by the KMT and killed after refusing to renounce her marriage to Mao and her revolutionary politics. Later, in 1961, Mao wrote a poem to commemorate Yang Kaihui—which is among his most famous poems, titled “Ode to the Plum Blossom.” The Revolution Begins During this period, peasants were spontaneously rising up. They were confiscating land and attacking landlords and corrupt officials. In 1925 Mao walked from village to village in Hunan Province. He stayed with peasants and worked with them for his meals and lodging. He sat and listened to them, investigating firsthand what their lives were like. He helped set up peasant unions and recruited many peasants into the party. Some leaders in the Chinese communist party wanted to write off the peasants as “too backward and conservative.” But Mao struggled against this view and argued that, “Without the poor peasants there would be no revolution.” And speaking of the peasant uprisings, he said: “Every revolutionary party and every revolutionary comrade will be put to the test, to be accepted or rejected as they decide. There are three alternatives. To march at their head and lead them? To trail behind them, gesticulating and criticizing? Or to stand in their way and oppose them?” The Kuomintang (KMT) was a party in China that had originally been nationalist—organized to fight for an independent China and against foreign domination. But in the 1920s it had been taken over by Chiang Kai-shek and turned into a vehicle for the imperialists and the big bourgeoisie and landlords in China. It especially had the backing of the U.S. and Britain, which wanted to maintain the semi-colonial status of China. In 1927, the KMT launched many campaigns aimed at decimating the Communist Party and the revolutionary movement. In the cities the KMT restricted political meetings, the press, workers’ organizations and the right to strike. Thousands of workers were killed, and communists and communist sympathizers were rounded up and publicly executed. At this point there was not a stable, unitary national government in China. In some parts of the country warlords (militarist-landlord cliques) were running things and in other places the KMT had control (and the KMT itself had different factions). Off of all this bloodshed, Chiang Kai-shek set up a KMT government in the city of Nanking and was immediately recognized by the Western imperialist powers as the sole and legal government of China. Meanwhile in the countryside warlords were carrying out the slaughter of peasants. Rebellious women were singled out—cut into pieces and burned alive. In one area, in just five months, 4,700 peasants, including 500 women, were murdered—they were beheaded, buried alive, strangled, burned and cut into pieces. Land that had been seized by the peasants was returned to landlords. Peasant and worker leaders were rounded up and shot. In Hunan province alone, in one year, over 100,000 peasants and workers were killed. The party lost at least 15,000 members. Revolution in the Countryside By 1928 four-fifths of the Communist Party had been exterminated and the party was forced to go underground in the cities. This big defeat required a further analysis and breakthrough in revolutionary theory. The strategy for proletarian revolution in the Soviet Union had been insurrection in the cities, followed by civil war. Some argued that the revolution in China should follow this model. But with the defeats they had suffered in the cities in trying insurrections, Mao saw this would not work in an oppressed country like China. He recognized that the counter-revolution was too strong in the cities and no matter how heroic, attempts by the workers to seize and hold cities were bound to fail. Mao argued the revolution had to start in the countryside and build and expand base areas where the revolution could establish political power. The military struggle against the enemy had to be linked with and bound up with the process of carrying out agrarian revolution and creating the seeds of a new liberated society. This meant that the communists had to politically mobilize and lead the masses to carry out land reform, establish new local forms of people’s power, wage struggle against the oppression of national minorities and women and establish a new revolutionary culture among the people. In this way, the base areas could serve as a magnet and growing centers of support among the people. And the revolution could eventually encircle and seize the cities and establish nationwide power. With this strategy and goal, Mao said: “Without a people’s army the people have nothing.” And a new Red Army was formed. Mao developed principles to build a politically conscious, disciplined army. When the Red Army marched into a town, Mao would immediately call for a meeting with the residents. But this was not always so easy. In one town, the people fled to the mountains and hid in the bushes. This was routine. Everyone fled when armies came by because they had suffered from the ways in which ordinary soldiers in the armies of the warlords and imperialists had been trained to loot and rape. But Mao ordered his soldiers to never enter a house or take anything and he struggled very hard against any thinking in the Red Army that echoed the rape-and-plunder mentality of the bourgeois and feudal armies, or the bandit gangs. So the courteous behavior of the Red Army soldiers was very unusual! By the third day the local people, watching from their hide-outs on the slopes, came back. Mao talked to them, urging them to return. He distributed money and cloth that had been taken from the landlords. He told the people that this army with its red flag was their own army, devoted to their own interests and dedicated to their liberation. The peasants fed and housed the Red Army soldiers and some of them joined the revolutionary army. This scene was repeated over and over as the Red Army under Mao’s leadership marched through the countryside. All this time, Mao was also studying military theory in its own right, and the history of revolutionary war in the Soviet Union, as well as that of other wars—including in China. By the end of the decade of the 1930s, Mao would become the first to develop a comprehensive Marxist military line and system of thought on military affairs. This doctrine was rooted in the understanding that a revolutionary war depends on the masses and can only succeed on the basis that it enjoys their support and actively enlists them in the struggle. Mao’s military thinking was extremely scientific. He argued that since the Red Army started out much weaker than the government troops, a quick victory was impossible. And engaging in all-out military battles would only lead to getting crushed. But by avoiding decisive tests of strength and waging guerrilla warfare, the revolutionary forces in China could defeat and weaken the enemy in smaller battles and, through a protracted process, gain popular support, increase in strength and numbers and extend their control. Mao said it was necessary to pursue a strategic policy of protracted warfare in the countryside to gradually bring about a change in the unfavorable balance of strength. And to carry this out Mao developed many different principles of guerrilla warfare like: “When the enemy advances, we retreat; when the enemy halts, we harass; when the enemy tires, we attack; when the enemy retreats, we pursue.” The Long March In 1932 Japan invaded China. The Japanese launched a “kill all, burn all” campaign in which, over the years, 30 million Chinese people were killed. In December of 1937, Japanese troops entered Nanking and 50,000 Japanese troops were let loose in an orgy of rape, murder and looting. In four weeks 300,000 people were killed. Japanese soldiers beheaded babies and raped thousands of females, including young girls and old women. Thousands of men were lined up and machine-gunned. Groups of Chinese were used for bayonet practice. Others were doused with kerosene and burned alive. This was a mad, brutal war aimed at totally subjugating the Chinese people and breaking their will to resist. The communists led the people to fight the Japanese, while Chiang Kai-shek refused to mobilize his troops—except to attack the communists. Chiang’s imperialist-backed KMT troops launched massive attacks against the Red Army. In 1933 a million KMT troops, tanks and airplanes were mobilized against the Red Army. On October 16, 1934, Mao and the Red Army were forced to make a strategic retreat from Kiangsi and embark on the amazing LONG MARCH. The Red Army, with Mao leading, marched over 6,000 miles through some of the most hazardous terrain on earth. They went through 12 provinces in which 200 million people lived. They crossed 18 mountain ranges and 24 rivers and occupied 62 cities and towns. They fought and beat one million KMT soldiers, averaged nearly one skirmish a day and made 235 day marches and 18 night marches. Mao called the Long March a manifesto, a propaganda force and a seeding machine. He said, “It has sown many seeds which will sprout, leaf, blossom and bear fruit, and will yield a harvest in the future.” Three months into the Long March, in January 1935, the Red Army reached Tsunyi, in Kweichow Province. Here, the leaders of the Communist Party held a very important conference that turned out to be a crucial turning point. For the first time, the Party united around Mao’s line on political and military strategy, and his overall leadership. When the Red Army left Tsunyi, almost 4,000 peasants from the area joined the march. On October 20, 1935, a year after leaving Kiangsi, the Long March ended in the North Shensi area. Some 100,000 started the Long March and only about 20,000 finished. While the Long March was a strategic retreat, it was not a defeat. The Red Army reached its new base area with its leadership intact and its political will as strong as ever. The communists proved to be the best fighters against the Japanese invaders. In 1936, Mao had argued that the KMT and the Communists should form a united front against the Japanese invaders. But while Chiang Kai-shek, head of the KMT, was saving his weapons and soldiers to fight the communists, the Red Army fought 75 percent of the battles with the Japanese between 1937 and 1945. Red armies fought 92,000 battles, killed a million enemy troops, and captured 150,000 prisoners. Developing Communist Theory But none of this could have happened spontaneously. Mao developed theory to solve the problems of the revolution, and guide its course. Through all this, he made important and necessary new contributions to the science of communism. During this period Mao tackled the problems of the strategy to make revolution in a nation oppressed by imperialism, military affairs, and philosophy. Such works as “On Contradiction,” “On Practice,” “On New Democracy,” and many others made important contributions to the understanding of revolutionaries all over the world—and continue to be relevant today. Moreover, Mao’s method and approach in tackling these problems is itself an important thing to learn from. In all these arenas Mao both thoroughly rooted himself in Marxist theory but also found it necessary to break with convention in certain important respects. At the end of 1939, Mao wrote the path-breaking essay, “On New Democracy.” Dealing with the specific question of China, he showed that because it had been dominated by imperialist powers for decades, China had never been able to develop as an independent nation and its economy was distorted and dependent. Imperialist development had led to the transformation of some of China’s more backward production relations. But feudal and semi-feudal economic relations—like landlords owning land and oppressing peasants—existed alongside of, and were incorporated into, capitalist relations; the backward political institutions and ideas that went along with this continued in force, while the Chinese nation overall was dominated by the imperialist powers. Mao conceived of the revolution in China and other oppressed nations as a two-stage process. The first stage is the new-democratic revolution. This revolution unites all who can be united to kick out imperialism and overthrow feudalism and semi-feudalism, and the bureaucrat-capitalist class and the state system dependent on and serving imperialism. There are important democratic tasks that have to be carried out in this first stage—most especially agrarian land reform based on “land to the tiller,” as well as other democratic demands like an end to the oppression of national minorities and women. While these demands typically arise in the context of the bourgeois-democratic revolution,* and have the potential to open the door to capitalist development, Mao argued that if this struggle were waged as part of the world communist revolution—and specifically if the new state brought into being by the revolution was a form of revolutionary political power led by the proletariat while uniting with the peasantry, with a perspective and program of moving relatively quickly to socialism—then such a revolution could also open up the door to the socialist transition to communism. And Mao analyzed that such a revolution can and must unite in its first stage with sections of capitalists as well as enlightened strata that oppose imperialist domination. In opposition to some in the Chinese Communist Party, Mao firmly maintained that the whole revolutionary process had to be led by the proletariat and carried out from the very beginning with a clear strategic perspective of socialism and communism. So while the revolution passes through distinct stages, it must be seen and led as a unified process with a red thread running throughout, guided by the outlook, ideology and politics of the proletariat and its goal of a communist world. War and Victory After the Long March, Mao and his troops set up a base area in Yenan where they rebuilt the Red Army and the Party with the aim of not only driving out Japan, but defeating the KMT and seizing nationwide power. Thousands of peasants, workers and intellectuals came to Yenan where the seeds of a new socialist society were being planted and revolutionary groups were formed around all aspects of life. There were associations of women, youth, peasants, workers, school children, and old people. There was even an association of “loafers” who met to talk about how they could become productive members of a new society. The masses were mobilized to uproot the brutality and poverty of feudalism. Arranged marriages, opium smoking, infanticide, child slavery, and prostitution were eliminated. And religion and superstition started to be replaced with scientific and revolutionary knowledge. Brutal landowners were no longer allowed to savagely exploit the people (and, with the defeat of the Japanese in 1945 and the onset once again of civil war, land was broadly redistributed to the peasants who worked it). Among the artists and intellectuals from the big cities who came to Yenan was Chiang Ching, who joined the Party in 1933 and came to Yenan in 1937. Chiang Ching taught dramatic art at the Art Academy that had been formed in Yenan and joined the propaganda teams that were sent out to the countryside to put on plays for the peasants. Mao had an intense interest in writers, poets and artists and appreciated the role culture plays in molding public opinion in society. He attended plays, concerts and dances at the academy. He met Chiang Ching, the two fell in love and were married in 1939. Western journalists like Edgar Snow and Anna Louise Strong who visited Yenan were struck by Mao’s connection with the people, his energy and his philosophical loftiness. One historian wrote: “There are many photographs of Mao, in patched trousers, worn and baggy jackets, pockets always deformed by books and papers. There are also many reminiscences of interviews with him of their length—sometimes lasting all night, of Mao’s untiring passion for explanation down to the last detail. He would join in the fun of parties, laugh at theatricals, in photographs he has a habit of not trying to occupy the center of the picture. Anna Louise Strong has left us a charming word picture of Mao dancing to a timing of his own—he is not a good dancer—of children running in and out of his cave while he worked. There is a kind of childish, impish gaiety about Mao, but it can change into deadly seriousness in a second.... In speaking, he has a way of presenting a most complicated subject so that even the uneducated man can understand it. He never talks above the heads of his audience but he never talks down to them either. There is a real flow of intimacy between him and the people. He always seems to be in contact.” (Han Suyin in Morning Deluge) Yenan became the center of a movement to fan out and expand the liberated areas throughout China. And by 1945, there were 19 Red bases in nine provinces, and the population under communist administration was around 100 million people. In 1945 the Japanese invaders were finally defeated. At that point, the U.S.—which had not attacked the communists while the communists fought Japan—immediately changed its tactics. It did everything it could to help the KMT defeat the communists. 90,000 U.S. Marines were sent in to occupy key cities, protect ports, airports, communications centers, coal mines and railways for the KMT. American advisers trained KMT officers and the U.S. gave Chiang modern weapons and vehicles. In the next two years Chiang would get 1.5 billion dollars in equipment and loans from the United States (which in today’s dollars would be roughly 13 billion dollars). But the People’s Liberation Army prevailed and in the first half of 1949, nearly half a million KMT troops were defeated. Chiang Kai-shek’s government fell in April and the People’s Liberation Army captured major cities in the following months. A New Socialist China On October 1, 1949, Mao stood in Tiananmen Square in the capital city of Beijing to announce the formation of the People’s Republic of China. He spoke to a crowd of millions and declared: “The Chinese people have stood up!” Mao had led the Chinese people in 20 years of armed struggle to overthrow their oppressors and drive out foreign imperialism. Now the people had the power to build socialism—as a transitional society with the goal of a communist world free of classes, and all the oppressive relations and ideas that go along with class society. On this historic day, Mao shared in the people’s joy and celebration, but he also understood, as he had pointed out, that: “The Chinese revolution is great, but the road after revolution will be longer, the work greater and more arduous...” *The “bourgeois-democratic revolution” refers to the overthrow of feudalism by the capitalist class, which usually involves certain democratic reforms. Examples are the American Revolution or the French Revolution. For fuller analysis of the ways in which these revolutions serve to extend the relations of capitalist exploitation and the ways in which the demands and ideals of those revolutions reflect, at bottom, these exploitative relations, see Democracy: Can’t We Do Better Than That? and Dictatorship and Democracy, and the Socialist Transition to Communism, as well as the forthcoming Communism and Jeffersonian Democracy—all by Bob Avakian.[back] Next—Part 2: The tremendous achievements of the Chinese revolution once in power—and why and how it was defeated, and capitalism restored. Recommended reading about Mao Tsetung in this period of China’s history: Red Star Over China by Edgar Snow These books are available at amazon.com, Revolution Books and many major bookstores. If you like this article, subscribe, donate to and sustain Revolution newspaper.	<urn:uuid:c822218f-e5f7-4eb0-892d-9df46673fa21>	CC-MAIN-2014-35	http://revcom.us/a/140/Mao_true-story-en.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500823528.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021343-00399-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.979149	6,327	2.875	3
eretz arba me'ot shekel-kesef - A land [worth] four hundred silver shekel The above is the translation meaning according to Onkelos. Another meaning of these words could be that 'Efron suggested that either he or his ancestors had paid this sum of money for this piece of land. Our Sages in Bereishit Rabbah 58:7 took the view that the piece of land in question was not worth anywhere near the price 'Efron was charging Avraham. This is why his name is suddenly (v16) spelled without the letter vav, to show that instead of becoming rich by overcharging Avraham, 'Efron became impoverished as a result of his greed. On the words "what is such [a paltry sum] between me and you," the Midrash Bava Metzia 86 says that the righteous promise little and perform in excess of what they promise. An example is Avraham who promised to serve his guest only a piece of bread, whereas he prepared a sumptuous feast (Bereishit 18:8), instructing Sarah to bake cakes from the finest flour, while he himself rant to the stables to prepare the best calves for the meal. The wicked, on the other hand, promise a lot and do not keep any of it, such as 'Efron who kept speaking about what he was going "to give" to Avraham whereas when it came to the conclusion of the transaction he overcharged him. The Torah testified that Avraham paid him in hard cash, the price being exorbitant. As proof of the miserly and avaricious attitude of 'Efron the Sages in the Talmud draw our attention to the numerical value of the name 'Efron which the Torah abbreviated to when it became clear that he did not give Avraham anything. The remaining letters in his name amount to 400, the same as the numerical value of the letters in the expression ra ayin (grudging, envious). Avraham did not want to accept any gifts from him but to pay full value (bechesef male), as it is the custom of righteous people. We find that King David also did not want to accept any gifts and paid handsomely for the threshing ground of Aravna the Yevusi (2Shmuel 24:24), although offered the site plus animals to serve as sacrifices as well as the animals' yokes to serve as firewood. David paid 50 shekels for the threshing ground plus the animals and their yokes as he did not want to appear cheap in the eyes of G-d.	<urn:uuid:57249961-5f91-4de5-b256-c766072e14d3>	CC-MAIN-2017-34	https://headcoverings-by-devorah.com/HebEngTorah_ArbaMeotShekelKesef.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886104172.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817225858-20170818005858-00582.warc.gz	en	0.980334	552	2.65625	3
Many companies fail to provide appropriate safety equipment and training mandated by OSHA. Workplace injuries can result from one-time incidents such as falls, equipment failures, and vehicle accidents, or from cumulative trauma or prolonged exposure to hazardous chemicals. Some types of workers, particularly those working the oil fields are exposed to highly toxic chemicals and fumes each day. This puts them at a very high risk of serious health problems compared to workers in other industries. Many companies expose their workers to highly toxic chemicals and fumes, and fail to provide appropriate safety equipment and training mandated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Also, many companies fail to notify their workers that the chemicals that they are handling are toxic in nature. The workers become aware of this only after they have been exposed to the fumes and suffered injuries. In this post, we will discuss the dangers of toxic fume exposure. Fracking and Toxic Fume Exposure According to some studies conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), when oil field workers perform hydraulic fracturing work, they are exposed to airborne silica. This poses a serious health threat to these workers. Silica is a naturally occurring mineral in the earth, and if particles of crystalline silica are inhaled, these minute particles can significantly affect the capacity of the lung’s gas exchange regions, so the lungs are not able to take in adequate oxygen. The Process of Fracking Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is a process in which large amounts of sand and water are pumped into a well. This is done at a high speed to increase pressure inside the well so that formations such as shale get fractured, and oil and gas are released into an oil well. In recent years, the practice of fracking has become increasingly common, because of new methods that improve accessibility to natural gas and oil deposits below the earth’s surface. During the process, the workers are exposed to crystalline silica dust. Exposure to silica increases the risk of developing debilitating and even fatal lung diseases including the much dreaded silicosis. However, these are not the only risks oil field workers face. They are also exposed to other toxic chemicals and fumes including diesel particles, exhaust gas fumes and methane fumes. OSHA trained specialists are available to assist companies and workers with compliance information and organize training programs to educate the companies and workers regarding hazards in specific industries and the standards set by OSHA. Despite this, many companies choose not to utilize these resources and eliminate the risk of toxic fume exposure. Contact a Missouri Workers Compensation Lawyer If you have suffered an injury or developed an occupational illness as a result of toxic fume exposure in the workplace, you may be entitled to workers compensation benefits. Depending on the severity of your illness, you may receive partial or total disability benefits. Speak with a competent St. Louis worker injury lawyer to understand your rights. Contact the Law Office of James M. Hoffmann by calling (314) 361-4300 or by filling out our online contact form. Workplace Injury and Accident Causes Second Hand Asbestos Exposure Sexual Assault Workplace Physical Assault at Workplace Workplace Injuries Assembly Line At Fault Accident Injured on Lunch Break Chemical Exposure in the Workplace Chemical Hazards in the Workplace Cold Stress in the Workplace Combustible Dust Explosion Construction Site Accident Conveyor Belt Accident On the Job Injury Cause by Coworker Injuries from Desk Jobs Diesel Exhaust Fumes Exposure Breaking Company Policy Drowning at Work Workplace Drug UseElectrical Workplace Accidents Ergonomics in the Workplace Fall at Work Fire in the Workplace Walk in Freezer Gas Pipeline Accident Workplace Hazardous Substances Hazardous Equipment in the Workplace Heavy Machinery Accident Horseplay in the Workplace Danger at Workplace Insomnia in the Workplace Ladder Falls at Work Loading Dock Accident Machinery Accident Workplace Equipment Failure Accident Mold in the Workplace Nail Gun Accident Non Collision Accident Heavy ObjectsWorkplace Office Equipment Injury at Work Due to OSHA Violation Overexertion Injuries at Work Use of Pain Killers Power Tool Injury Repetitive Motion Injuries in the Workplace Secondhand Smoke in the Workplace Slip and Fall Injuries in the Workplace Stairs at Work Struck by a Vehicle Toxic Chemical Exposure Toxic Fumes in the Workplace Car Accident While Working Trips at Work Unsafe Working Conditions Winter Hazards in the Workplace	<urn:uuid:d1060382-79f8-408d-9657-a7afa99d826d>	CC-MAIN-2017-47	https://www.hoffmannworkcomp.com/fracking-toxic-fume-exposure-st-louis-worker-comp-attorney/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804666.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20171118055757-20171118075757-00169.warc.gz	en	0.912904	980	3.25	3
\| \|\| \| Water for the City: Southern California’s Urban Water Cycle Designed for grades 4-8, this free interactive program focuses on key Southern California water resource issues. Students will become acquainted with the interrelated systems that form the urban water cycle: drinking water, stormwater, and wastewater systems. Through games, videos, and other interactive elements, the program challenges teachers and students alike to value and care for water resources in our semi-arid climate. To access Water for the City, please visit http://cgee.hamline.edu/WaterCity/. For a copy of the free teacher’s guide to assist you in directing your students through the program, please contact us. This Water for the City module was developed by Hamline University’s Center for Global Environmental Education. The module was co-sponsored by the Sanitation Districts along with Central Basin Municipal Water District, Los Angeles County Education Foundation, The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, and the Water Replenishment District of Southern California.	<urn:uuid:15c11fc9-57e1-4879-89c3-9b771a8c3563>	CC-MAIN-2017-30	http://www.lacsd.org/education/school_programs/waterforcity.asp	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423681.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170721022216-20170721042216-00219.warc.gz	en	0.918917	213	3.53125	4
ANN ARBOR—Ancient carbon trapped in Arctic permafrost is extremely sensitive to sunlight and, if exposed to the surface when long-frozen soils melt and collapse, can release climate-warming carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere much faster than previously thought. University of Michigan ecologist and aquatic biogeochemist George Kling and his colleagues studied places in Arctic Alaska where permafrost is melting and is causing the overlying land surface to collapse, forming erosional holes and landslides and exposing long-buried soils to sunlight. They found that sunlight increases bacterial conversion of exposed soil carbon into carbon dioxide gas by at least 40 percent compared to carbon that remains in the dark. The team, led by Rose Cory of the University of North Carolina, reported its findings in an article to be published online Feb. 11 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "Until now, we didn't really know how reactive this ancient permafrost carbon would be — whether it would be converted into heat-trapping gases quickly or not," said Kling, a professor in the U-M Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. EEB graduate student Jason Dobkowski is a co-author of the paper. "What we can say now is that regardless of how fast the thawing of the Arctic permafrost occurs, the conversion of this soil carbon to carbon dioxide and its release into the atmosphere will be faster than we previously thought," Kling said. "That means permafrost carbon is potentially a huge factor that will help determine how fast the Earth warms." Tremendous stores of organic carbon have been frozen in Arctic permafrost soils for thousands of years. If thawed and released as carbon dioxide gas, this vast carbon repository has the potential to double the amount of the heat-trapping greenhouse gas in the atmosphere on a timescale similar to humanity's inputs of carbon dioxide due to the burning of fossil fuels. That creates the potential for a positive feedback: As the Earth warms due to the human-caused release of heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere, frozen Arctic soils also warm, thaw and release more carbon dioxide. The added carbon dioxide accelerates Earth's warming, which further accelerates the thawing of Arctic soils and the release of even more carbon dioxide. Recent climate change has increased soil temperatures in the Arctic and has thawed large areas of permafrost. Just how much permafrost will thaw in the future and how fast the carbon dioxide will be released is a topic of heated debate among climate scientists. Already, the melting of ground ice is causing land-surface subsidence features called thermokarst failures. A thermokarst failure is generated when ice-rich, permanently frozen soils are warmed and thawed. As the ice melts, the soil collapses and either creates an erosional hole in the tundra or—if the slope is steep enough—a landslide. Thermokarst failures change the trajectory of the debate on the role of the Arctic in global climate, according to Kling and his colleagues. The unanticipated outcome of the study reported in PNAS is that soil carbon will not be thawed and degraded directly in the soils. Instead, the carbon will be mixed up and exposed to sunlight as the land surface fails. Sunlight—and especially ultraviolet radiation, the wavelengths that cause sunburn—can degrade the organic soil carbon directly to carbon dioxide gas, and sunlight can also alter the carbon to make it a better food for bacteria. When bacteria feed on this carbon, they respire it to carbon dioxide, much the same way that people respire carbon in food and exhale carbon dioxide as a byproduct. "Whether UV light exposure will enhance or retard the conversion of newly exposed carbon from permafrost soils has been, until recently, anybody's guess," said University of North Carolina's Cory, the study's lead author. "In this research, we provide the first evidence that the respiration of previously frozen soil carbon will be amplified by reactions with sunlight and their effects on bacteria." "We know that in a warmer world there will be more of these thermokarst failures, and that will lead to more of this ancient frozen carbon being exposed to surface conditions," Kling said. "While we can't say how fast this Arctic carbon will feed back into the global carbon cycle and accelerate climate warming on Earth, the fact that it will be exposed to light means that it will happen faster than we previously thought." The researchers analyzed water from seven thermokarst failures near Toolik Lake, Alaska, as well as 27 other undisturbed sites nearby. In addition to Cory, Kling and Dobkowski, Byron Crump of the University of Maryland was a co-author of the PNAS paper. The research was supported by several grants from the National Science Foundation. - More information about Kling: http://www.lsa.umich.edu/eeb/directory/faculty/gwk/ U-M Sustainability fosters a more sustainable world through collaborations across campus and beyond aimed at educating students, generating new knowledge, and minimizing our environmental footprint. Learn more at sustainability.umich.edu.	<urn:uuid:e4afcc11-4ec5-424a-a714-43d93840c5c0>	CC-MAIN-2017-39	http://www.ns.umich.edu/new/releases/21185-sunlight-stimulates-release-of-climate-warming-gas-from-melting-arctic-permafrost	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689411.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170922235700-20170923015700-00709.warc.gz	en	0.938311	1,069	3.953125	4
Multiple Pregnancy: Twins or More - Treatment Overview Always be sure to take extra good care of yourself when you are pregnant. When carrying twins or more (multiple pregnancy), be sure to eat a balanced and nutritious diet of quality calories. And make sure that you get enough calcium, iron, and folic acid. can expect to gain weight more quickly than you would with one fetus. With each additional fetus a woman carries, her range of weight gain will increase. Your range of healthy weight gain will also be different if you started your pregnancy underweight or overweight. Prenatal care during a multiple pregnancy If you are pregnant with twins or more, good prenatal care will help you and your health professional prevent and watch for problems. You will have more frequent checkups than you would for a pregnancy with one fetus. These checkups are important both for monitoring your own health and your fetuses' health and for giving you and your health professional time to build a working relationship. Because you are more likely to deliver early, be sure to plan ahead. Ask your health professional about making arrangements to deliver at a hospital that has facilities for emergency cesarean delivery and a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Watch for problems Possible pregnancy problems that can be more likely when you are carrying twins or more include: - Preeclampsia and high blood pressure. Treatment depends on how severe your condition becomes. It may include medicine, bed rest, fetal monitoring, and early delivery. For more information, see the topic Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy. - Problems with the placenta, such as placenta abruptio or placenta previa. For more information, see the topics Placenta Abruptio and - Anemia, which is treated with iron-rich foods and iron supplements. If this doesn't help, you can be tested for other problems that can cause anemia. - Too much amniotic fluid in the uterus (polyhydramnios). Treatment can include medicine and removal of amniotic fluid. - Urinary tract infection (UTI), which is treated with antibiotics. - Heavy blood loss after delivery (postpartum hemorrhage), which can require a blood - The need to deliver by cesarean section (C-section). You will likely need a C-section if your babies (fetuses) are not turned head-down in time for birth (breech or transverse fetus ). Any pregnancy can have these complications, but there is more concern about them happening during a multiple pregnancy. Preterm labor is more common in a multiple pregnancy than in a pregnancy with one fetus. If you go into preterm labor and premature delivery is likely, your health professional may recommend taking one or more precautions, such as: - Limiting your activity level. - Staying in the hospital. This is often so that you can receive steroid medicine to help your babies' lungs develop faster. In some cases, tocolytic medicine is used in an attempt to delay preterm birth. You are closely watched if you are treated with a tocolytic For more information, see the Possible problems for the babies (fetuses) during multiple pregnancy can include vanishing twin syndrome, twin-to-twin transfusion, twins that share one amniotic sac (monoamniotic twins), and locking twins.	<urn:uuid:b1e43b4a-97ae-4248-baf0-a9454c53c95e>	CC-MAIN-2014-15	http://www.webmd.com/baby/tc/multiple-pregnancy-twins-or-more-treatment-overview	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609538824.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005218-00515-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.90855	754	2.515625	3
Brain stimulation delivered at home by an electrode headset appears to strengthen the benefits of cognitive training video games in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). That’s the main finding of a new study looking into the benefits of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). “Our research adds evidence that tDCS, while done remotely under a supervised treatment protocol, may provide an exciting new treatment option for people with multiple sclerosis who cannot get relief for some of their cognitive symptoms,” said Leigh E. Charvet, PhD, an associate professor of neurology and the director of research at NYU Langone’s Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center. Charvet partnered with researchers from the City College of New York and from Soterix Medical, which owns the patent on the tDCS device used in the study. The researchers hypothesized that a low amplitude current, delivered through electrodes placed on the patient’s head, would cause neurons to fire more easily and quickly and thus increase the amount of learning and cognitive benefit to patients playing cognitive training games. The games are designed to challenge information processing, attention, and memory. To study the idea, the researchers recruited 45 patients with MS. Twenty-five of those patients used the combination of video games and tDCS targeting the patient’s dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The other 20 patients played the video games without the transcranial stimulation. Patients underwent 10 sessions with the video game. Those receiving the tDCS treatment were contacted via video conference before each session and given a code by a study technician. The code system allowed the researchers to control tDCS dosing. At the end of the sessions, patients receiving the video game/tDCS combination saw significantly greater improvement in complex attention and response times compared to the patients who didn’t undergo tDCS. That benefit seemed to increase over time, suggesting that the benefits might accumulate over time. There was, however, no significant difference between the patient groups when it came to basic attention measures and other standard cognitive measures, like Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS (BICAMS) test scores. Charvet said the improvements shown in the study could have significant quality of life benefits for patients. “Many MS medications are aimed at preventing disease flares but those drugs do not help with daily symptom management, especially cognitive problems,” she said. “We hope tDCS will fill this crucial gap and help improve quality of life for people with MS.” Charvet also noted that because the treatment can be done at home, patients who have difficulty traveling could still benefit from the treatment. Still, Charvet cautioned that it’s not yet known how long the benefits of tDCS and cognitive training will last. That’s one reason she and her colleagues are working to recruit patients for another study that will involve 20 sessions, double the treatment course of the first study. MS is one of several conditions tDCS could potentially treat. According to Soterix’s website, the company has also investigated tDCS’ efficacy treating patients with fibromyalgia, migraines, depression, and aphasia after stroke, among others. The study, titled “Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Increases the Benefit of At-Home Cognitive Training in Multiple Sclerosis,” was published Feb. 22 in the journal Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface. Stimulating a precise location of the brain’s memory center with electromagnetic pulses improves the memory of older adults with age-related memory loss to the level of young adults, reports a new Northwestern Medicine study. “Older people’s memory got better up to the level that we could no longer tell them apart from younger people,” said lead investigator Joel Voss, associate professor at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. “They got substantially better.” The study used Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to target the hippocampus – the brain region that atrophies as people grow older, which is responsible for memory decline. The study will be published April 17 in Neurology. “It’s the part of the brain that links two unrelated things together into a memory, like the place you left your keys or your new neighbor’s name,” Voss said. “Older adults often complain about having trouble with this.” This type of memory worsens as we age. Nearly all people experience a decline in their memory ability as they age. The new study of 16 people — ages 64 to 80 with normal age-related memory problems – shows it’s possible to alter memory ability in older adults using this type of brain stimulation, Voss said. “There is no previous evidence that the specific memory impairments and brain dysfunction seen in older adults can be rescued using brain stimulation or any other method.” Voss’s team located the hippocampus – which is smaller in older adults – individually for each participant with an fMRI. An fMRI (functional MRI) measures how active a part of the brain is at a given time. Then, they located an area of the parietal lobe that communicates with the hippocampus for stimulation delivery. This spot was behind and slightly above a person’s left ear, but everyone had a slightly different spot. It isn’t possible to directly stimulate the hippocampus with TMS, which is noninvasive, because it’s too deep in the brain for the magnetic fields to penetrate. So, Voss and colleagues identified a superficial brain region close to the surface of the skull with high connectivity to the hippocampus. “We stimulated where brain activity is synchronized to the hippocampus, suggesting that these regions talk to each other,” said first author Aneesha Nilakantan, a neuroscience graduate student working in Voss’ lab. At baseline, younger and older adults were given memory tasks in which they learned arbitrary relations between paired things, such as this object goes on this spot on the computer screen. Younger adults score about 55 percent correct and older adults less than 40 percent correct. The research team then applied high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation to the spot for five consecutive days for 20 minutes a day. Stimulating this area improved the function of regions important for memory that are disrupted by aging, evident by more neural activity visible on an fMRI. Then, 24 hours after the final stimulation, the subjects were given a new memory test in which they had to learn new arbitrary relations between paired things. After the brain stimulation, older adults scored at the level of young adults on the memory tasks. he study also used a fake placebo stimulation condition, which did not improve memory. Voss and colleagues will next test this approach on participants with mild cognitive impairment, the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease. They will be stimulating the brain for longer periods of time. Voss isn’t certain how long the effects could last. He suggests the enhanced memory effects could last longer with more stimulation. For instance, when depression is treated with TMS for five weeks, those patients get an antidepressant effect that lasts for many months, he noted. In a future study, Voss will be stimulating the brain in persons with age-related memory loss for more weeks to test this. Magnetic stimulation of the brain improves working memory, offering a new potential avenue of therapy for individuals living with Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia, according to new research from the Duke University School of Medicine. Healthy younger and older adult participants who received a therapy called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) performed better on a memory task than during an rTMS-like placebo in the study, which was published here in PLoS One. “This study relies on highly individualized parameters, from the selection of the stimulated target, based on fMRI activation, to the selection of the difficulty, titrated according to subjects’ performance. Now that we have shown that these specific parameters can improve performance in healthy subjects, we will be able to extend it to populations with memory deficits,” said Lysianne Beynel, PhD, a postdoctoral associate in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. Working memory is the process of recalling and then using relevant information while performing a task. It’s a key component of day-to-day tasks like driving to a new location, making a recipe, or following instructions. Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease, which will more than double by 2050, and other forms of dementia, experience progressive loss of working memory and other forms of cognition, leading to a greater risk of injury or death and reducing their ability to function without home care. Twenty-nine young adults and 18 older adults completed the study, which involved trying to remember and then reproduce a series of letters in alphabetical order. The authors applied either online high-frequency (5Hz) rTMS, or a placebo-like sham over the left prefrontal cortex, an area on the brain responsible for higher executive function. Participants of all ages who received rTMS performed better than those who received the rTMS-like placebo. “Interestingly, we only saw this effect during when participants were trying their hardest, suggesting a real use-it-or-lose it principle at work here,” said co-author Simon W. Davis, PhD. “Contrary to much of what we hear, aging brains have a remarkable capability to remember past events and to use that information in a flexible manner. The brain stimulation applied in our study shows that older adults benefited just as much as the young.” Other authors of the study include Roberto Cabeza, PhD, Courtney Crowell, Susan Hilbig, Wesley Lim, Hannah Palmer, Alexandra Brito, Duy Nguyen, Luber Bruce, and Sarah Lisanby. This research was supported by grant U01 AG050618 from the National Institute on Aging.	<urn:uuid:a013f9fe-ad24-4036-8486-e098e7cec401>	CC-MAIN-2020-05	https://shoreclinicaltms.com/tms-for-cognition-attention-memory-improvement/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251788528.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20200129041149-20200129071149-00186.warc.gz	en	0.940956	2,065	2.828125	3
Before I show you some concrete recommendations from reputable bodies, I’d like to present one paragraph from the third chapter of Robert Bringhurst’s The Elements of Typographic Style to better set the stage explaining how we got to where we are with our constant interplay between roman and italic in print. Italic and roman lived quite separate lives until the middle of the sixteenth century. Before that date, books were set in either roman or italic, but not in both. In the late Renaissance, typographers began to use the two for different features in the same book. Typically, roman was used for the main test and italic for the preface, headnotes, sidenotes and for verse or block quotations. The custom of combining italic and roman in the same line, using italic to emphasize individual words and mark specific classes of information, developed in the sixteenth century and flowered in the seventeenth. Baroque typographers liked the extra proved so useful to editors and authors that no subsequent change of typographic has ever driven it entirely away. Modulation between roman and italic is now a basic and routine typographic technique, much the same as modulation in music between major and minor keys. Here are some of those style recommendations for modulations in the case of foreign terms. With pen and ink In documents written with pen and ink, you can switch into a hand that’s different from the one you’re using for the main text, such as by using an unconnected hand (“printing” in the language of schoolchildren) combined with a cursive hand (“writing” in the language of schoolchildren) for the material on which you wish to place special emphasis. Or vice versa, as it doesn’t really matter which paired hands you choose provided they’re distinct from each other. At your typewriter In typewriter copy, as in non-calligraphic handwritten copy, the custom is to underline anything you would set in italic if you could. When you get your typeset copy back from the printer, it will have been converted with that understanding in mind. On the web In his fine book on Practical Typography, Matthew Butterick writes this in his section on italic: Foreign words used in English are sometimes italicized, sometimes not, depending on how common they are. For instance, you would italicize your bête noire and your Weltanschauung, but neither your croissant nor your résumé. When in doubt, consult a dictionary or usage guide. Don’t forget to type the ᴀᴄᴄᴇɴᴛᴇᴅ ᴄʜᴀʀᴀᴄᴛᴇʀꜱ correctly. The Chicago Manual of Style makes this recommendation: [7.49] Italics are used for isolated words and phrases in a foreign language if they are likely to be unfamiliar to readers. If a foreign word becomes familiar through repeated use throughout a work, it need be italicized only on its first occurrence. If it appears only rarely, however, italics may be retained. That’s muddy enough, yet that is hardly all Chicago have to say about it. Their rules 6.93, 11.6, and 14.109 also touch on this matter. Their overall directions on this remain no better than fuzzy. As is par for the course, the Associated Press Stylebook gives ungraceful directions fit only for a manual typewriter. They would see nothing but quotation marks to enclose the foreign term followed by its definition in the body of the text with no further adornment. I would not use the AP style guide for anything unless you paid me to. A lot. The OED always sets “mentions” in italic, such as you find in a word’s etymology section. They then follow that with the translation set in roman if needed. Here’s the one for your cloacae maximae: Inflections: Plural cloacæ, cloacas. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin cloāca. Etymology: < classical Latin cloāca (also clouāca, cluāca) underground drain, sewer, in post-classical Latin also privy (from 13th cent. in British sources), cavity in certain animals (1651 in the passage translated in quot. 1653 at sense 2a) < cluere to purify (< the same Indo-European base as lutter adj.) + -āca, suffix forming nouns. The Economist Style Guide says to put the translation in parens if need be: foreign languages and translation Occasionally, a foreign language may provide the mot juste. But try not to use foreign words and phrases unless there is no English alternative, which is unusual. So: - a year or per year, not per annum - a person or per person, not per caput or per capita - beyond one’s authority, not ultra vires (See also italics.) translating words and phrases If you want to translate a foreign word or phrase, even if it is the name of a group or newspaper or party, just put it in brackets without inverted commas, so: - Arbeit macht frei (work makes free) - jihad (struggle) - Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) - Pravda (Truth) - zapatero (shoemaker) foreign words and phrases should be set in italics unless they are so familiar that they have become anglicised and so should be in roman. For \|\|coup d’état (but coup de \|\|foudre, coup de grâce) \|\|de facto, de jure \|bona fi de \|en masse, en route \|nom de guerre Set in italics: \|cabinet (French type) Remember to put appropriate accents and diacritical signs on all foreign words in italics (and give initial capital letters to German nouns when in italics, but not if not). Make sure that the meaning of any foreign word you use is clear. See also For the Latin names of animals, plants, etc, see spelling Seeing that there are so many style standards, if it’s up to you then you should just pick whatever style makes sense to you and stick with that. If it’s not up to you, you should just do whatever they force you to do.	<urn:uuid:353079fc-a7a4-4ac4-802c-c26e105bbbf4>	CC-MAIN-2023-50	https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/597606/what-is-the-accepted-style-for-using-a-foreign-term-followed-by-its-translation	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100286.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201084429-20231201114429-00343.warc.gz	en	0.866227	1,444	2.8125	3
New NWS Alert System Working to Save Lives Even though winter weather is on our mind, albeit a little early, it's never too soon to think about severe weather. In just the last few years, the National Weather Service's Wireless Emergency Alert system has played a major part getting warnings out to the public. It sends 90-character emergency messages to cellphones of those in the path of an approaching hazard. It's estimated this new type of "getting the word out" has transmitted more than 15 thousand warnings since 2012. It involves taking advantage of the Federal Emergency Agency's Integrated Public Alert and Warning System as well as coordinating with the Federal Communications Commissions and wireless providers. The system uses geo-targeted data to broadcast those messages over cellphones only in the affected areas. I can say I personally have been affected by this new way to advise and in a good way. My phone went off in early August during a tornado warning at a location some 20 miles away. It gave me lots of reassurance, especially when I wasn't totally aware of the significance of the situation.	<urn:uuid:ab1e0ded-5914-4dc4-aad2-3bec8aed746b>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://www.cbs58.com/news/new-nws-alert-system-working-to-save-lives	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648245.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20230602003804-20230602033804-00448.warc.gz	en	0.962985	221	2.71875	3
Analysts expect producers to plant one of largest areas ever to corn once winter loosens its grip on the heartland. Allendale Inc., McHenry, Illinois, released results from its planting intentions survey recently that showed producers could plant the second-largest acreage ever to corn this year of 96.956 million acres, second only to last year’s 97.155 million acres. The brokerage firm further estimates that assuming a trend yield of 156.97 bushels per acre would mean total corn production could hit 13.912 billion bushels, which would be 29 percent larger than last year’s 10.78 billion bushels. While not as bullish as in its previous acreage estimates, Informa Economics, a private forecasting firm based in Memphis, Tennessee, now pegs corn plantings at a record-high 97.75 million acres, down 1.6% from its January estimate of 99.3 million acres. "The drought is slowly receding in the western Corn Belt," says Chad Hart, agricultural economist at Iowa State University. However, severe to exceptional drought still has a grip on the majority of the western Corn Belt. "The eastern Corn Belt could see trend yields on corn, and if the western Corn Belt averages 140 bushels per acre, we are still talking about a whopper corn crop," says Hart. "Unless the drought re-intensifies and moves east again, we are looking at a corn crop of 13 billion to 14 billion bushels. With a trend yield of 164 bushels per acre, corn production could hit 14.5 billion bushels." Record Soybean Acreage as Well? According to Allendale’s soybean planting estimates, producers could plant 78.324 million acres of beans, a record-high acreage. Allendale further estimates that a trend yield of 43.35 bushel per acre would produce 3.349 billion bushels of soybeans, the second highest production level on record and 11 percent larger than last year’s 3.015 billion bushels. Hart expects acreage intended for corn could give way to soybeans as the season progresses. In 13 of the past 20 years, he says, planting delays resulted in fewer corn acres and more soybean acres than the Prospective Plantings report projected. Informa’s projection for soybean acres of 78.5 million acres is higher than Allendale’s, but lower than its January forecast of 78.8 million. With record acreage projected for both corn and soybeans, where will the additional land come from? Some will come from pasture, some from small grains, some from cotton, and some from the Conservation Reserve Program, notes Hart. Stocks Still Tight Allendale also released estimates for the upcoming quarterly Grain Stocks report. For corn, Allendale put stocks at 5.07 billion bushels, compared with stocks of 8.03 billion at the end of 2012. The firm estimates soybean stocks of 912 million bushels, down from 1.97 billion at the end of 2012. If realized, stocks of both corn and soybeans would be substantially lower March 1, 2012, when corn stocks were 6.023 billion bushels and soybean inventories were 1.375 billion bushels. "The Grain Stocks report will be really interesting," says Hart. "Stocks for both crops are still incredibly tight." If the report holds any surprise, it will be that feed demand for corn has not been as strong as anticipated, which means stocks will be larger than expected, says Hart. And that would be bearish for corn prices. For More Information AgWeb will continue its pre-report coverage of the March 28 Prospective Plantings report. Here are a few items to read now: Prospective Plantings Preview: 10 Key States Gulke’s Pre-Game Picks for the Planting Report See current market prices in AgWeb's Market Center	<urn:uuid:5ba37aa5-f11a-4907-93fc-6af0d3f59aef>	CC-MAIN-2017-43	https://www.agweb.com/livestock/dairy/article/corn_acreage_to_lead_to_30_climb_in_production/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824570.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20171021043111-20171021063111-00584.warc.gz	en	0.947837	827	2.78125	3
Microbiological testing for beer spoilage is necessary through- out the brewing process to ensure product… Water, the essence of life, sustains ecosystems, supports human activities, and is a vital resource for our planet. Understanding the quality and composition of water is crucial for ensuring its safety and preserving environmental balance. The Importance of Water Analysis Water analysis serves as a fundamental tool for assessing the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water. It provides valuable insights into the presence and concentration of various contaminants, pathogens, nutrients, and other constituents that may impact water quality. This knowledge allows us to identify potential risks to human health, ecosystem integrity, and industrial processes. Key Parameters and Analytical Techniques a. pH and Conductivity: pH measurement determines water acidity or alkalinity, influencing its suitability for various applications. Conductivity, on the other hand, measures the ability of water to conduct electricity, providing insights into its dissolved ion content. b. Dissolved Oxygen (DO): DO levels are critical for aquatic organisms as they impact their metabolic functions and overall health. Low DO levels can indicate pollution or eutrophication. c. Nutrients: Nutrient analysis, including nitrogen and phosphorus, helps assess water eutrophication potential, which can lead to harmful algal blooms and ecosystem degradation. d. Microbial Contamination: Identifying the presence of coliform bacteria, E. coli, and other pathogens through microbial analysis is essential to ensure water safety and prevent waterborne diseases. e. Heavy Metals and Chemical Contaminants: Detection and quantification of heavy metals (e.g., lead, mercury) and chemical pollutants (e.g., pesticides, industrial chemicals) are crucial for safeguarding human health and preventing environmental contamination. Water analysis employs various analytical techniques, including: a. Spectroscopy: UV-Vis, infrared, and atomic absorption spectroscopy enable the identification and quantification of specific compounds. b. Chromatography: Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) allow for separation and identification of complex mixtures of organic compounds. c. Microbiological Tests: Techniques like membrane filtration, multiple tube fermentation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) facilitate the detection and enumeration of microbial contaminants. d. Electrochemical Methods: Electrochemical sensors and electrodes provide rapid and sensitive measurements of parameters such as pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. Applications of Water Analysis a. Environmental Monitoring: Water analysis enables monitoring and assessment of surface water bodies, groundwater, and marine environments, aiding in pollution control and ecosystem preservation. b. Drinking Water Safety: Rigorous water analysis ensures the safety and compliance of drinking water, protecting public health from microbial and chemical contaminants. c. Industrial Processes: Water analysis plays a crucial role in industries such as food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and manufacturing, ensuring the quality of process water and compliance with regulatory standards. d. Agricultural Management: Analyzing water quality helps farmers assess irrigation water suitability, nutrient management, and the impact of agricultural practices on nearby water bodies. Water analysis serves as a cornerstone in our understanding of water quality, enabling us to monitor, preserve, and protect this precious resource. By employing various analytical techniques and assessing key parameters, scientists and environmental professionals can make informed decisions to ensure the safety of water for both human and ecological well-being. Continued advancements in water analysis methodologies and technologies will pave the way for more accurate, efficient, and sustainable water resource management. For more information as to how we can help with your water analysis needs, contact us and we will be happy to help.	<urn:uuid:63b60d6a-7278-4ec2-9e8e-7ec04abd511c>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://mesloamericas.com/2023/06/16/comprehensive-water-analysis-unveiling-the-secrets-of-aquatic-quality/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506045.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921210007-20230922000007-00087.warc.gz	en	0.877676	752	3.5	4
Why Study Anthropology? Many people think of our society as normal and faraway cultures as exotic. Anthropology teaches respect and understanding for other peoples and for the unique solutions to human problems other cultures have devised. Anthropology studies both human origins and the contemporary human condition. As a student of anthropology, you will learn about both new and ancient societies. Archaeology, languages, evolution, communications, subsistence, and technology are all just part of the study of human beings. In today's globalizing society, both businesses and nonprofits need workers who are effective in multicultural settings. They want people with a broad knowledge base, who can collect and analyze information and put it to practical use. People who are comfortable with cultural diversity and who can communicate across boundaries of difference find their skills in high demand in many work settings. Anthropology develops creativity as well as critical-thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills. Graduates work in a variety of settings in both the public and private sector. These include business, law and law enforcement, government and civil service, advertising, social work, teaching, public relations, communications, and advocacy work. Anthropologists work in corporations, schools, museums, hospitals, community organizations, and park settings. The Anthropology Program at Georgian Court University Requirements for the minor in anthropology at Georgian Court College include two core courses in Physical Anthropology and Cultural Anthropology, plus four other courses. Physical Anthropology covers the study of the fossil record and the study of our nearest living relatives, the primates, while Cultural Anthropology analyzes and compares life in different cultures. In addition, students may study Native American Cultures or look at the relationship between culture and the built environment in City, Suburb, and Society. A multidisciplinary analysis of gender and culture is offered in Women, Culture, and Society. Additional courses are offered in archaeology, anthropological theory, and other topics relevant to the discipline of anthropology. Students work one-on-one with faculty and are offered many opportunities to explore their personal interests through independent research. The program provides a solid foundation for pursuit of more advanced graduate work in anthropology or related fields.	<urn:uuid:22d61ee1-bc7d-4ef6-91e6-28708e247dcd>	CC-MAIN-2013-20	http://georgian.edu/sociology/more_anthropology.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696384181/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092624-00016-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.942023	435	2.71875	3
SNMP is short for Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). It is a common protocol for network management. Open SNMP server Open SNMP Servers can be used to collect privileged information from the system or to write new settings to the system, if not correctly configured. In addition, it can be used in performing a special type of DDoS attack, called an amplification attack. Amplification attacks result in an attacker turning a small amount of bandwidth coming from a small number of machines into a massive traffic load hitting the attacked victim. We advise you to only allow connections from trustworthy sources when configuring your SNMP server and firewall. You should also avoid using the widely used community strings 'public' or 'private', since these are easily guessed. Usually, this boils down to blocking or restricting access to port 161/udp on your VPS. You can use the following commands below to see if your server is vulnerable: $ snmpget -c public -v 2c <IP address here> 220.127.116.11.18.104.22.168.0 $ snmpget -c public -v 2c <IP address here> 22.214.171.124.126.96.36.199.0 $ nmap -sU -p 161 <IP address here> How to close it? $ sudo ufw deny 161 $ sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --permanent --remove-port=161/udp $ sudo firewall-cmd --reload	<urn:uuid:4937ac05-b663-421f-a440-0c0fb44c775b>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://support.tilaa.com/hc/en-us/articles/228652547-How-can-I-disable-an-open-SNMP-server-	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506623.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924055210-20230924085210-00194.warc.gz	en	0.761231	330	2.875	3
What is another word for forrad? [ fˈɔːɹad], [ fˈɔːɹad], [ f_ˈɔː_ɹ_a_d] Related words: what is a forrad, what is a forrad company, what is a forrad career, what is a forrad provider, who is a forrad, what does a forrad do, what does a forrad earn, what is a forrad agent Table of Contents Similar words for forrad: How to use "Forrad" in context? The word "forrad" is a Swedish word that means "forward." In Swedish, the word is used to describe the action of going forward, as in "I walked forrad to the store." In English, the word can also be used to describe the movement of armies and troops during an advance, as in "the troops were moving forrad along the front line. Word of the Day - f clef - F KEY - f keys - f layer	<urn:uuid:3b3aeb30-fcc1-49f7-a27f-cb60f92c11e4>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	https://www.thesaurus.net/forrad	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948708.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327220742-20230328010742-00377.warc.gz	en	0.932172	279	2.640625	3
Isoflavones are naturally occurring, hormonally active substances found in soy and other foods. Chemical modifications of isoflavones have been studied as possible alternative treatments for various conditions. One of these, ipriflavone , was developed primarily for treating osteoporosis . Methoxyisoflavone is a chemical derivative of ipriflavone, but it is marketed as a bodybuilding aid . Methoxyisoflavone is not a nutrient and is not supplied to any meaningful extent in food. However, it is possible that, once in the body, natural isoflavones, such as daidzein, may be converted to some extent into methoxyisoflavone. A typical recommended dose of methoxyisoflavone is 200 mg to 400 mg taken twice daily. Methoxyisoflavone is marketed as an anabolic steroid, said to increase muscle mass without causing androgenic (testosterone-like) effects. However, there is no meaningful evidence that it actually works. The use of methoxyisoflavone in the US began with two US patents established in the late 1970s. 1,2 The patent applications report a few research studies performed by the Hungarian pharmaceutical company Chinoin. None of these studies were published in peer-reviewed journals; furthermore, even as described, this research is altogether inadequate to demonstrate effectiveness, consisting as it did only of animal studies and exceedingly preliminary studies on humans. Proof of effectiveness is not required to establish a patent. One placebo-controlled human trial on methoxyisoflavone was published in abstract form in 2001. 3 Apparently, this study found that athletes who took 800 mg per day of methoxyisoflavone for 8 weeks experienced a significantly greater increase in muscle mass than those who took placebo. However, despite claims made by methoxyisoflavone retailers, this study was not published in a prestigious journal. Rather, it appeared in what is a called a “supplement” published in association with a fairly prestigious journal. Supplements are special editions printed by a journal for extra income; they explicitly lack the supervision, approval, review or imprimatur of the journal itself. For this reason, all studies published in journal supplements must be taken with a grain of salt. This is particularly so in cases like this, where only an abstract of the study was published rather than the full text of the study itself. Another oft-repeated claim regarding methoxyisoflavone is that it is widely utilized in the livestock industry to enhance lean mass. However, if livestock breeders are in fact using methoxyisoflavone, they are keeping it quiet: an Internet search for “methoxyflavone” and “livestock” turned up numerous sites that sell supplements to humans (and make this claim to support the sales of their product), but not a single site by or for livestock breeders. The bottom line: There is no meaningful evidence to indicate that methoxyisoflavone is useful as a sports supplement . 2. Feuer L, Farkas L, Nogradi M, et al. Metabolic 5-methyl-isoflavone-derivatives, process for the preparation thereof and compositions continuing the same. United States Patent 4,163,746. August 7, 1979. Last reviewed August 2013 by EBSCO CAM Review Board Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Copyright © 2012 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved. What can we help you find?close ×	<urn:uuid:c50e0507-006e-4f24-b535-ad0dc9b72528>	CC-MAIN-2013-48	http://www.mbhs.org/health-library?ArticleId=212798	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163047545/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131727-00027-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.949653	822	2.671875	3
The DIfference Between Physical and Cyber Communities Physical communities are an all or nothing game, they must maintain governing power, while cyber communities are purely consent of the governed, or people will vote with their mindshare. While terrestrial governments are natural monopolies in their own territories, cyberspace governments compete. Terrestrial governments get overthrown when things get too bad; cyberspace governments simply lose citizens, much as a business loses customers. Former members may even go into competition with their old communities. The terrestrial government game is all-or-nothing (despite the possibility of loyal opposition), whereas Net governments an coexist. "Citizenship" is voluntary. A Net-based government can operate only by consent of the governed. Any Net government must therefore provide its citizens with real benefits if it wants them to stick around. Those benefits may not be just personal goods or services, but rather the broader benefits of a regulatory regime: a clean, transparent marketplace with defined rules and consequences, or a supervised community where children can trust the people they encounter or individuals' privacy is protected.	<urn:uuid:360e35f3-145d-497a-8e65-3a38915515d8>	CC-MAIN-2013-20	http://memexplex.com/Meme/206/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697843948/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516095043-00012-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.942571	220	2.859375	3
Warning: don’t juice these fruits and vegetables! Even with the abundant variety of fruits and vegetables that are always gung-ho, there are in fact a handful of fruits and vegetables that just shouldn’t be juiced, and there are some which just don’t do well being juiced. Some fruits and vegetables will simply tear up certain types of juicers (especially centrifugal juicers). Others will go through centrifugal juicers, but produce no juice! Meanwhile, other fruits and vegetables can tear up your insides. And then are some items, which are easy to juice but really shouldn’t be eaten raw. Especially when you’re just starting out, learning these pointers “the hard way” can be really discouraging, and even cause you to want to quit trying — but, don’t despair! Avoid these few traps and you’ll more quickly enjoy the benefits juicing has to offer! No Juice to Juice: Avocados, Bananas, and Figs This may seem very obvious but some still ask whether it’s possible. Uhm: no not really. They’re both very fiber rich and one (avocado) is very fatty. Not much juice to them. Don’t clog up your juicer. Stick them into smoothies by blending them instead. As for Figs, just eat them and enjoy. Not Safe To Juice: - Did you know apple seeds contain arsenic? While it’s just a trace amount, it’s enough that you should maybe pause on just cutting up the whole apple or tossing the whole fruit into the juicer out of convenience. Apple seeds just really shouldn’t be juiced. - Some folks caution against citrus rinds: like oranges and grapefruit, because the natural oils in the peels can be indigestible and hard one the stomach. It’s not going to cause you severe injury if you juice the peel, but if you find you’re sensitive to it, maybe consider keeping it out. Lemons and limes, however, seem to be fine. - Rhubarb is really only best to eat once it’s cooked. Rhubarb is known to contain oxalic acid. And while it does not have enough to be toxic, be aware that oxalic acid has been shown to bind with calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, and potassium in the intestine and interfere with your body’s absorption of these minerals. If you have kidney stones, or have suffered them in the past rhubarb is a major no (and so is spinach). Never eat rhubarb leaves! They have a high oxalic acid content. And, avoid all rhubarb that has been damaged by severe cold or frostbite for the same reason (below freezing, the high oxalic content in the leaves migrates to the stalks). Lastly, its fiber is really hard on the juicer. - Beet greens have similar oxalate concerns to rhubarbs. In fact most hearty greens do best steamed (kale, collards, spinach, chard), both for the nutritional value and our ability to digest them. Or are they? Carrot Greens –some say carrot tops are not edible, that they are toxic and potentially deadly and should not be eaten, let alone juiced. But this is not true of carrot greens themselves. Some say that the mix-up comes from the fact that the modern carrot was cultivated from Queen Anne’s lace (and Queen Anne’s whose taproot of is edible – it was often believe to be a natural contraceptive) closely resembles poison hemlock, a wild weed that can cause muscle and respiratory failure if eaten… (remember Socrates? This is how he died). But today, carrot tops are sold as vegetable stock in European Farmer’s Markets. They taste like a bitter version of parsley with a slight lemon-citrus quality. - Winter Squash is very difficult to juice. And the best way to get all the wonderful nutrients is to lightly steam it and then make it into a smoothie or soup . - Totally Safe But Probably Too Much of A Hassel to Juice (Oh, and They Tear Up Your Blender) - Mangoes can be juiced if you catch them at the right time — when they’re green. Which are still tasty, but definitely not as delicious as when they’re fully ripe. That said, ripe mangos make incredible tasting smoothies. - Papayas “can” be juiced if you have a strong press-juicer. Otherwise, leave them to the blender. - Watermelon rind can be tossed into your juicer because it increases your total yield and delivers important chlorophyll. Additionally, watermelon seeds can be crushed and added to your juice, offering up magnesium and zinc. However, they are hard on centrifugal juicers. Note: Because this blog is not about health benefits, I’ve skipped the links to sources. Please let me know if you want them added in the future.	<urn:uuid:5e22cef9-a4ce-4c58-a0a6-f7cff732101f>	CC-MAIN-2020-34	https://befitagain.com/warning-dont-juice-these-fruits-and-vegetables/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439737883.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20200808135620-20200808165620-00377.warc.gz	en	0.93847	1,085	2.90625	3
17 FlaresTwitter10Facebook4Google+2Pin It Share0LinkedIn1StumbleUpon0Email—Filament.io17 Flares× Are you able to answer the following question?: How would your child’s school, daycare, or caretaker be able to get in contact with you in case of a disaster? Say the power lines are down and there is no cellular service. Yes, they may have your information stored in a database on the computer, but when a calamity strikes, then what? It is important to have a plan and a way that you can be contacted. Save the Children has created an Emergency Contact Card that you can easily make online. Just fill in the information and print it out and leave in your child’s backpack. That way, there’s a lifeline to you in case of a catastrophic event. During a recent conference, I was given alarming data about children who were separated from their families after events like Hurricane Katrina. In some instances, it took 6 to 7 months for children to be reunited with their families afterwards. Talk about horror. I don’t know what I would do if I were to be separated from my daughter in a natural disaster or catastrophic event. Having a distinct plan that the family knows about as well as utilizing an Emergency Contact Card can really be the way to save the day. On the Emergency Contact Card, you can also leave a number for a friend or relative that isn’t in your area. This is important, because if there is a disaster in your area and the phone lines are down, authorities won’t be able to contact anyone in that area. But if you have an out of town contact, they can be reached and can act as a go-to person to help reconnect you and your child. To create your Emergency Contact Card, visit Save the Childrenhere. Type in the requested info (your info is never shared with anyone and Save the Children doesn’t save your data), and then print it out and place in your child’s backpack, wallet, or lunchbox. If your child is old enough, make sure that they know where the card is so they can give it to a teacher or caretaker if need be. Here are a few other helpful tips to help you prepare in case of a disaster or emergency: Have your child memorize at least two emergency contact numbers (one should be out of area). They should also know their own address and phone number as well. Make sure your child knows the name of the company your work for and the number to your workplace. Create a family emergency plan. It should include how to contact one another if you are split up and also protocol on meeting spots in case you are displaced and separated. Update your information with your child’s teacher and school regularly. These things may seem like a no-brainer, but you wouldn’t believe how many families are not prepared. I hope that you will never have to use the Emergency Contact Card—but just in case, it’s important to have one on hand. So you’re still asking the same question, Why isn’t my marketing working? At this point, when you say your marketing isn’t working – you’re not talking about bringing in website traffic. In fact, from this point on, I’m going to assume that you’re bringing in site visits like there’s no tomorrow – and that when you talk about your website traffic you couldn’t be happier. But now there’s a new problem. Your Site Visits Won’t Convert You’ve succeeded in getting people to visit JonDoeTravel.com, but now it’s them who are the Jon Does. Despite the time they’ve spent on your website checking out your awesome, original content, they have yet to convert into contacts. Like I told you before – don’t stress. You, Jonathan A. Doe, travel agent extraordinaire, will be converting contacts in no time at all. All that’s needed is a bit of investigation and, potentially, a lot of analysis. The Question Is… The first, key question is this: Where are you losing your visitors? If you have a good website that is tailored to your audience personas, your visitors will arrive at JonDoeTravel.com and immediately self-identify with your offerings. Are they interested in personal travel? Corporate travel? Or simply learning about potential destinations? They check out the related content, like your blog The 5 Keys to the Perfect Family Vacation. And then, perhaps they see the tag on the bottom, FamilyTravel, click, and read a few more of your blogs. But then what? If that’s the extent of your visitors’ interactions, chances are it’s because you are falling short in one of two areas. Your Calls To Action Does your website make effective use of calls to action? If you’re sitting there asking yourself, “Calls to whaaa?”, that’s a problem. Calls to action – CTAs, for short – are what convert your unknown visitors into quantifiable leads. Given that 75% of your blog traffic comes from information searchers (meaning your visitors want to learn and browse, not buy), the best way to nurture your visitors is to help them by offering more, relevant, in-depth content. Having well placed CTAs on your website will do just that. You already have CTAs on your website? Phew, I’m glad to hear it. This may sound superficial, but it’s important. What do your CTAs look like? CTAs shouldn’t be grey, monochromatic boxes with ugly offers within. The truth is, you can have one of the most engaging offers ever, but if it doesn’t pull me in – I’m not going to click. It is visually striking: Use dynamic imagery, inviting colors – don’t be dull It’s brief: Try to keep it short and snappy Action-oriented: Begin your CTA with a verb like Download or Register Located in an easy-to find spot In a contrasting, yet cohesive, color Large and visible, without being overwhelming Clear: Your visitor should understand what they’ll be getting If your website already has beautiful, inviting, dynamic CTA’s but none of them have been clicked, your problem might be a bit trickier. Start by putting yourself in the mind of your visitors. Remember, you are just looking for information and you’re not ready to buy. Now imagine you visit your website and come across one of your beautiful CTAs. Maybe its a CTA that invites visitors to register for a Trip Consultation. Whoa, there – that’s a bit forward, isn’t it? If you’re the visitor, what do you think is going to happen if you fill out the form and register for a consultation? If you said “I’m going to get a phone call from the business,” you’d be right. The problem is, the majority of your visitors don’t want to talk to you yet. They’re still in research mode, trying to figure out what they need (or in this case, where they want to go) before deciding if they want you to be their travel agent. That means that you need to be sure that your offers align with where they are in the buyer’s journey. If all of the CTAs on your website are bottom of the funnel offers, you aren’t going to get many conversions because most of your website visitors are still at the top or middle of the funnel. Start by creating a really good top of the funnel offer. A good TOFU offer is approachable and easy for your website visitor to convert on. From there, you can add in one or middle or bottom of the funnel offers for those who have already converted at the top of the funnel. Your Landing Pages Let’s say you have some great CTAs for offers at the top, middle and bottom of the funnel. Your visitors are clicking through, and moving from your homepage or blogs to the landing pages of your gated content. If the strategy you use to develop your landing pages – and the conversion forms on them – isn’t well thought out, it won’t matter how many landing pages you have. If one of your pages isn’t converting, it’s likely the others won’t convert either. If your landing pages aren’t converting, check to be sure they folllow these best practices: Write a clear, actionable header Explain the offer and its value concisely Use numbers, bullets and bolding within the copy Include a relevant image Form fields relevant to the value of the offer Place content above he fold No menu navigation or links It comes down to this. Make your landing page language concise, explain the importance of the offer, make it easy to read, and make the form fields relevant. Put simply, put yourself in the shoes of your potential contact. IF they’re still in research mode, looking for exploratory information, or its their first point of contact with your site, they probably won’t be willing to give you their annual revenue, their phone number, or any other personal information. You’re building a relationship with these people, take it slow. Give these tests a try. Understanding where your visitors are abandoning your site will be key to alleviating the problem. By updating your CTA’s, offers, and/or landing pages – depending where the initial issues were – you should start to see contact conversions in no time. And remember, once you find out what works – apply the lessons learned and continue to test. As a Marketing Manager, Kristen works with Quintain’s clients on every step of their inbound marketing journey. She brings to the table experience in social media marketing, content marketing, email marketing and retention marketing. Kristen graduated Cum Laude with a B.S. in International Marketing from Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts…. View full profile ›	<urn:uuid:7041cb48-765c-47e2-962e-73f2a801306e>	CC-MAIN-2017-39	http://easybranches.net/tag/contact/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818695375.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926085159-20170926105159-00401.warc.gz	en	0.94032	2,167	2.625	3
Let’s talk about Apollo 12 and its incredible 30 year journey through space. In September 2002, astronomers discovered what they first thought was an asteroid, but would soon find out it was the Saturn V third stage that launched the Apollo 12 astronauts to the Moon. This rocket left Earth in 1969 and returned to Earth 30 years later. But what happened in the meantime? In this video we look at how one tiny error in the Apollo 12 mission sent this rocket stage on a 30 year trip through space!	<urn:uuid:865b8a84-f5e2-46f4-ade0-dde1ee68e396>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	https://xn--webducation-dbb.com/the-mysterious-30-year-journey-of-apollo-12/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943695.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20230321095704-20230321125704-00058.warc.gz	en	0.957043	102	3.609375	4
The origins of economic thought date back thousands of years. Greek philosophers such as Aristotle and Plato showed an early understanding of economics in their writings about wealth acquisition, the division of labor, and the debate about whether property should be held privately or publicly. From the 1500s to the 1700s, the main form of trade in Europe was mercantilism. This type of economic system consisted of government regulation of commercial practices to increase the country’s wealth and power. The focus was on amassing precious metals, maximizing exports, and limiting imports by imposing tariffs. Mercantilists promoted the idea that nations should be economically self-sufficient and the ways to achieve this independence were by increasing domestic production and agriculture and building industries and new colonies. Scottish philosopher Adam Smith wrote about his ideas for free-market economy as opposed to the mercantile system in his book The Wealth of Nations, published in 1776. Smith’s idea was that the natural self-interest of individuals would increase a nation’s prosperity. The ability to trade freely without government interference would open up domestic as well as international markets and increase business competition. According to Smith, thrift, hard work, and enlightened self-interest would help business operators provide better products and services, increase customers, grow profits, and raise living standards. Smith believed government should limit its focus to defense of the nation, universal education, infrastructure, and law enforcement. Other important figures in the foundation of economic thought were Edmund Burke and John Maynard Keynes. In the 18th century, British statesman and political philosopher Edmund Burke advocated for private property and was against government monopolies. Like Smith, Burke believed that property should be owned privately and the state should not interfere with individuals. In the 1930s, British economist and journalist John Maynard Keynes had new thoughts about studying whole economies as opposed to individual markets, which gave rise to the distinction between macroeconomics and microeconomics. This also came to be known as Keynesian macroeconomic theory. Keynes’ insights came about after the Great Depression and were a direct response to the rapid growth of unemployment and worsening economic conditions. At the time, classical economic thought was that supply created demand, and there would be no way that demand would decline. Keynes believed it was lack of economic demand that created recessions and depressions; he proposed that an increase in government spending would increase demand and therefore give rise to more jobs. After World War II, many countries were focused on rebuilding their economies. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was created to oversee international exchange rates and payments, in order to improve world trade, employment, and living standards. The IMF was conceived during a meeting in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in 1944 of representatives from 45 countries, including John Maynard Keynes. Today, the IMF oversees the international monetary system and monitors the economic and financial policies of its member countries.	<urn:uuid:976e0a55-db08-4e72-85d2-713c734cf67e>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://vault.com/industries/economics/background	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506669.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924223409-20230925013409-00760.warc.gz	en	0.97532	593	4.28125	4
Veterinarian Bob George sliced open the dead shark and saw the outline of a fish. No surprise there, since sharks digest their food slowly. Then George realized he wasn’t looking at the stomach of the blacktip reef shark, but at her uterus. In it was a perfectly formed, 10-inch-long shark pup that was almost ready to be born. George was dumbfounded. He had been examining the shark, Tidbit, to figure out why she reacted badly to routine sedatives during a physical and died, hours after biting an aquarium curator on the shin. Now there was a bigger mystery: How did Tidbit get pregnant? “We must have had hanky panky” in the shark tank, he thought. But sharks only breed with sharks of the same species, and there were no male blacktip reef sharks at the Virginia Aquarium & Marine Science Center in Virginia Beach. Could Tidbit have defied nature, resulting in the first known shark hybrid? The other possibility was that Tidbit had conceived without needing a male at all. A recent study had documented the first confirmed case of asexual reproduction, or parthenogenesis, among sharks: a pup born at a Nebraska zoo came from an egg that developed in a female shark without sperm from a male. One of the scientists who worked on that study contacted the aquarium, which sent him tissue samples from Tidbit and her pup for testing. If the pup’s DNA turns out to contain no contribution from a male shark, this would be the second known case of shark parthenogenesis. George hopes to receive a preliminary report soon, but conclusive results could take months. Tidbit had lived at the aquarium for most of her 10 years, swimming with other sharks in a 300,000-gallon tank. Leave a Reply	<urn:uuid:b6dbfe05-ef4a-4f90-a4d7-88f95ccc8e2c>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://methodshop.com/shark-pregnancy-baffles-aquarium/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224645089.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20230530032334-20230530062334-00469.warc.gz	en	0.97674	384	3.0625	3
Scientists and architects have some things in common: an attention to detail for one and a futurefacing attitude to know what will benefit the built environment for another. Rachel Armstrong, a professor at Newcastle University, is best placed to kick off a discussion about whether material technology is going to save the built environment. Following in the footsteps of Peter Cook in the Seventies, Armstrong works in the field of experimental architecture and, more specifically, building materials that can repair themselves. She says: 'What I am getting at is that matter possesses some life-like qualities that we can apply in ways that opens up new ways for engaging with the built environment. 'We're already "there" working with living things inside our buildings. Construction company Arup only opened its BIQ house to the public recently. This is a set of apartments that has a living facade that contains water, which houses algae - or little green cows - plant-like cellular systems that munch on carbon dioxide and sunlight to turn this into biomass, which is then harvested, dried and burned back inside the building to offset energy use.' At Central St Martins, researcher, designer and curator Carole Collet is exploring biological principles and living technology through design. One of her most prominent projects was Biolace, in which she genetically controlled plants to make lace while producing food, part of a process Collett calls biofacture. So could we reach a point where we get blackberries from the same starting point garments or textiles? She says: 'This is a post-2050 design scenario as we are encouraged to address a looming ecological crisis caused by resource shortages and overpopulation. If plants could be designed to replace textile machinery while providing food, this presents a radical stride.' The Deep Nocturne Corian bar at the Tincan pop restaurant. Dutchman Daan Roosegarde is another pioneer, pushing material boundaries. Smart Highway is one of the artist's most recent projects. Its goal is to make smart roads using light, energy and road signs to interact with traffic. Here lines of light charge in the day and glow for up to eight hours at night. In a neat bit of historical referencing the thousands of twinkling stones in the Van-Gogh-Roosegaarde path are designed to resemble the painter's Starry Night work, and is built in the city of Neunen where Van Gogh once lived. Moving indoors, another of his projects is the sustainable dance floor, an interactive dance floor that generates electricity through being danced on and installed in Club Watt in Rotterdam. Says Roosegaarde: 'We believe sustainability is about doing more, instead of less. Via smart technology a sensual and interactive environment is created in which dancers are engaged in a sustainable experience.' Interactive flooring seems to be having a moment. Desso and Philips recently partnered up to develop the pioneering Luminous Carpets concept. Videos, info graphics, and logos can all be displayed underfoot and changed at the click of a button. It can also provide wayfinding information, business news or point out emergency exits. One of its first practical applications was at Bild, a leading German media brand. 'We knew this was ideal for the entrance of our future newsroom,' says Bild chief editor Kai Diekman. 'Our main goal was to create a new space that would fully integrate BILD print and online operations.' The Luminous Carpet here displays the live newsfeed on the floor through an RSS feed. Surface specialist DuPont has long been a science-led company, with its Corian product regarded as the gold standard in terms of solid-surface materials. Whereas once it was any colour as long as it was white, now specifiers can enjoy six new brown shades thanks to DuPont's Deep Colour Technology, an FX Award nominee. This follows on from the launch of several blacks, which were used in the temporary Tincan restaurant by AL_A. Says AL_A founder Amanda Levete: 'We can't come in and paint things black; we have to do something a bit special and the new deep black of Corian made an absolutely perfect backdrop.' While Hi-Macs understandably keeps its cards close to its chest on exactly how it does it, the dark solid-surface options that are durable, easier to thermo form, seam and finish, and with colours such as Deep Mink with hues of green and brown and Deep Bedrock with its flecks of golden tan, black and ivory, it's a pretty design-led product too. Further shades of grey are coming this year. DuPont has also teamed up with Power Matters Alliance to allow for Corian surfaces to be integrated with wireless-charging capability. Using a wireless dongle plug-in, smartphones can be charged on a hotspot on the Corian surface. This was also in evidence at the Deep Nocturne Corian bar at the Tincan restaurant. Snook Architects specified Heradesign from Knauf to help transform a dated Eighties' office block into an aspirational working environment for a firm of solicitors. Neil Dawson of Snook says: 'We wanted an alternative to the traditional suspended ceiling. Heradesign ceilings are clever because, although a panelled system, the concealed grid disguises the fact that it is suspended (particularly with the nice chamfer detail on the edge of each panel). Moreover, their natural colour and size softens the feel of the space.' Another household name in surface finishes, Dulux has also had its boffins at work when it came to the newly launched Chromalock. Dr Thomas Curwen, research scientist at Dulux says: 'Chromalock is the result of combining our fundamental understanding of paint film formation with our in-house polymer technology to deliver paints with excellent durability. 'Essentially Chromalock makes paint particles stick together better so the freshly painted look remains for longer.' The world Expo in Milan, which features 147 countries and organisations, is where technology, construction architecture and design collide, and is the place where some material innovations can be found too. These include the Italian pavilion, one of the few permanent structures of the huge Expo space on the outskirts of Milan. Here, Rome-based architecture practice Nemesi and Partners has proposed a 13,000 sq m urban forest. This will be enveloped by a six-storey lattice structure made from 900 panels of i.active BIODYNAMIC cement that captures air pollutants before converting them into inert salts. As well as purifying the atmosphere the pavilion will also generate energy through the inclusion of photovoltaic glass. Rachel Armstrong concludes: 'I don't know about material technology saving the built environment; that's like saying we've "solved" the city. But experimentation will allow us to shape new toolsets for the construction of spatial programs and design tactics that potentially share many common features with the biological realm - without being biology. This is interesting as it opens up a broader palette for design than currently exists and enables us to see new opportunities within the urban landscape.'	<urn:uuid:f416a043-d76b-4afc-85a2-94d6dac1acd6>	CC-MAIN-2020-29	http://www.designcurial.com/news/the-changing-role-of-science-and-technology-in-materials-development-4522906/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655896374.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20200708031342-20200708061342-00275.warc.gz	en	0.945176	1,452	3.109375	3
Difference between an affidavit and a statutory declaration affidavit vs statutory declaration: In an age where legalities are foremost when conducting any sort of activity, legal documents play an important role in all societal and personal functions. Affidavit and statutory declaration are two such documents which thus play an important part in these matters. While law students may be overtly familiar of the evils and the goods of these two documents, certain people may be utterly confused by these terms. Therefore, this article seeks to explore the various components which makes up these documents and the reason as to why they are of such importance to an ordinary human being. What is an affidavit? The term ‘affidavit” is derived out of the medieval Latin term which means “for he has declared upon oath” can be defined as a sort of a written statement of what a person believes to be correct and true and made upon oath or affirmation and signed in the presence of a person who is authorised to administer oaths who is normally a solicitor. The person signing the affidavit who is referred to as the affiant is required to provide true information and he or she is required to swear that the provided information is correct and true to the best of his or her knowledge and an authorized personal is required to attest to it thereby making it legal. An affidavit is usually presented as evidence in a court of law and knowingly presenting a false affidavit is considered as contempt of law and is thereby punishable by lw. What is a statutory declaration? A statutory declaration is a legal document which exists in commonwealth countries and is usually required by Courts and Home Office Immigration & Nationality directorate which must comply with the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835 (England). It is similar to an affidavit and as similarly, it needs to be signed in front of someone who is duly authorised by the Court, such as a solicitor, commissioner for oaths, notary public, justice of the peace. A statutory declaration is usually required for declarations of identity, nationality, marital status, etc in the absence of other valid evidence, obtaining statements of originality for patent applications, declaring the intention to change one’s name, etc. What is the difference between a statutory declaration and an affidavit? Both affidavit and statutory declarations are similar documents which undergo similar procedure such as the applicant stating the information supplied in correct and true to the best of his or her knowledge and a personnel authorized by court attesting to it as well. And yet, a statutory declaration is an essential document in commonwealth countries which must comply with the provisions of the Statutory Declarations Act 1835 (England) whereas an affidavit is not. An affidavit can be used as evidence in court whereas a statutory declaration can be used in matters outside court such as proof of death to be used for land transfer when one of the grantor dies. An affidavit is a sworn oath and yet, a statutory declaration is not an oath but a mere declaration which is not sworn.	<urn:uuid:7cf31eab-8508-4b9c-aed1-816028f56ed9>	CC-MAIN-2017-26	http://www.wikidifference.com/difference-between-an-affidavit-and-a-statutory-declaration/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319933.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622234435-20170623014435-00404.warc.gz	en	0.950422	608	2.953125	3
cosmic abundance(redirected from Abundance of the chemical elements) Also found in: Wikipedia. cosmic abundanceThe relative proportion of each element found in the Universe. The standard cosmic abundance is based on that of the Solar System, determined from observations of the relative line strengths in the spectrum of solar radiation, from geological surveys of the Earth, and from analysis of meteorites (see table). The solar abundance in terms of numbers of atoms gives 90.8% hydrogen, 9.1% helium, and 0.1% other elements. Abundances deduced for most stars from their spectra usually agree quite well with the standard, although old stars tend to have rather less of the heavy elements (see population I, population II) and there are a number of odd stars with abundances quite unlike the rest. The abundances deduced from the absorption and emission lines of the interstellar medium do not agree so well, principally in that there is an apparent shortage of refractory elements such as iron. It is likely that these elements are present, however, but are bound up with the cosmic dust. cosmic abundance[′käz·mik ə′bən·dəns] The amount of a substance believed to be present in the entire universe, relative to other substances.	<urn:uuid:241a74f0-3155-42af-ab27-32ba7c875932>	CC-MAIN-2020-24	https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Abundance+of+the+chemical+elements	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347410535.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20200530231809-20200531021809-00153.warc.gz	en	0.908202	273	3.765625	4
what are ten games that has to do with math and science both Some of the games that have both science and maths are, measuring bubbles, creating food chain, and creating a geometry dictionary. You can visit the sites, http://www.coolmath.com/, http://www.coolmath4kids.com/ or http://www.sciencemonster.com/ for more games. They make all kind of learning easier whether played in the classroom or at home. There is only one that I know of but your teacher must make an account but its called studyisland.com. This probably didn't help. there is also brainpop.com but I think that's for more elementary and middle school kids.	<urn:uuid:e757823f-f6af-45ea-8d5d-b8aaf5733d97>	CC-MAIN-2013-48	http://www.ask.com/answers/149558681/what-are-ten-games-that-has-to-do-with-math-and-science-both?qsrc=3112	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164011870/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133331-00062-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.974673	146	3.171875	3
Ahab or Achav (Hebrew, "father's brother") (r. 918-897 BC by Ussher, or 874-853 BC by Thiele) was the seventh king of the Northern Kingdom of Israel (or the eighth if one counts the pretender Tibni, defeated by Omri). He reigned for twenty-two years. He was arguably the most despicable of all the kings of that troubled kingdom. His major claim to fame, however, was his contest-of-wills with that most famous prophet, Elijah. Ahab was the son of Omri, who in 929 BC (Ussher) had taken over the kingdom by force following the treason of Zimri and then had to fight a civil war with a pretender who had persuaded half the country to follow him. Ahab was married, beginning at an unspecified time, to Jezebel, daughter of Ithobaal I of Tyre; she would prove a most infamous queen. By her he had at least one daughter, Athaliah, in the second year of Omri's reign. He also had more than seventy sons, of whom the two eldest were Ahaziah and Jehoram The Bible does not specify when they were born in relation to Ahab's life or his or his father's reigns, but he could have sired those two sons either upon his accession or shortly earlier. Ahab succeeded his father Omri at Omri's death. Under his wife's influence, Ahab fell away from the worship of the true God and instead worshipped Baal, the husbandman-god of the people of Tyre and Sidon. He built a temple to Baal, complete with an altar, and set up an Asherah pole. He also lived a life of luxury, even to building a palace made of ivory. The latter is attested to in the archaeological excavation of Samaria. Archaeologists have discovered a palace built either next to or directly on top of that of Omri, and decorated with ivory plaques. Elijah challenged Ahab probably in the ninth year of his reign. He first proclaimed that no rain would fall on Israel; this produced a severe famine. Jezebel responded by ordering the execution of all prophets, but Elijah and a hundred other prophets hid themselves. In this they received aid from Obadiah, the royal steward, who was a God-fearing man. In the thirteenth year of Ahab's reign, Elijah staged the great Mount Carmel demonstration between himself and the prophets of Baal. After it was over, the alarming report came back to Ahab that Elijah had not only succeeded in demonstrating that his God was the true God (because God sent fire from heaven while Baal could not), but also persuaded the onlookers to execute all the prophets of Baal at the Kidron brook. Ahab mentioned this to Jezebel, who then sent a dire message to Elijah saying, in essence, that she swore by the gods she worshipped that she would kill him. Elijah disappeared completely after that, but not for long. Ahab would not know until much later the full measure of the decree that God now made against him, and against the rest of the House of Omri. In the twentieth year of his reign, Ahab coveted a vineyard owned by one Naboth. Jezebel found out about it and caused Naboth to be arrested on a false charge of blasphemy, and then executed by stoning for it--possibly the most brazen example of lynching in Bible history. Ahab brazenly came down the high hill of Samaria and took possession of the vineyard. Shortly after this, Elijah came to see Ahab one last time. Elijah told him that his dynasty would be destroyed, and Jezebel would be eaten by dogs by the wall of Jezreel. Ahab realized at once the crushing weight of his guilt. He tore his clothes, wore sackcloth, and slept on sackcloth. Because of this, God granted Ahab this boon: that he would not live to see the disaster that would befall his royal house. In the twelfth year of his reign (907 BC by Ussher, or 863 BC by Thiele), Ahab made an alliance with King Jehoshaphat of Judah. To seal this, Ahab gave his daughter Athaliah in marriage to Jehoshaphat's son Jehoram. In the eighteenth year of his reign, King Benhadad I of Syria attacked the Northern Kingdom. He was defeated and fled. A year later, Benhadad attacked again, coming as far as Aphek. He was defeated again, and had to surrender to Ahab. Ahab received him with honor and courtesy, and then concluded a peace treaty with him and let him return to his capital of Damascus. For this, he received a reproof from an unnamed prophet; however, because of that treaty, he had peace with Damascus for three years. Disputed Synchrony with Assyria Secular archaeologists assert that Ahab participated in the Battle of Qarqar, and provided one of the largest contingents of a twelve-nation coalition force that stood in opposition to the Assyrian king, Shalmaneser III. This battle is supposed to have taken place in 853 BC. The warrant is said to be an inscription in the stele of Shalmaneser III, referring to a king named A-ha-ab-bu Si-ri-la-a-a and the formidable chariot force he is said to have provided. But Larry Pierce points out that Ahab would be very unlikely to have been able to contribute a force of 2,000 charioteers and 10,000 infantrymen, considering that, three years earlier when he had had to meet Benhadad in battle, he could barely muster a force of 7,000 infantrymen. More likely, if an Israelite king participated in the Battle of Qarqar, or sent his general to that battle, it was not Ahab at all, but rather King Jehu's son Jehoahaz, who might have had time to build his army to such strength after the First Interregnum. But that even assumes that the battle did indeed take place in 853 BC. We should also remember that the Bible nowhere names any Israelite king, Northern or Southern, who was at the Battle of Qarqar or at any other battle like it. A Viceregal Appointment The Battle of Ramoth-gilead In the last year of his reign, Ahab persuaded Jehoshaphat to join him in a joint operation to recapture the city of Ramoth-gilead from the Syrians--proof that even the three-year truce between Samaria and Damascus was not perfect. Ahab asked four hundred prophets whether the siege would be advisable, and they all said, "Yes." But Jehoshaphat was not convinced; he somehow recognized that these four hundred prophets were false. He insisted that Ahab ask Micahiah instead. Micahiah warned that such a siege would end in defeat and death for Ahab. Ahab went to battle anyway, in disguise--and furthermore, Jehoshaphat was somehow convinced to act as Ahab's decoy. The battle ended badly. Jehoshaphat barely escaped alive, after crying out to God for help. Ahab was fatally wounded, was carried off the battlefield, and died. He was buried in Samaria, and his elder son Ahaziah succeeded him. Ahab Remembered After His Reign Ahab was remembered long after his death, but not with fondness. The prophet Amos would heap scorn on Ahab's ivory palace and predict that all such symbols of excessive luxury would fall under God's blows. Over half a century later, the prophet Micah used the rule of Omri and Ahab as a by-word for religious apostasy and the desolation that would result therefrom. Ahab in Modern Popular Culture The actual character of Ahab does not bear much mention in popular or classical literature. However, the author Herman Melville, in his best-remembered novel (Moby Dick), gave Ahab's name to a paranoiac sea captain who sacrificed himself, his ship and his crew in the fatal pursuit of a gigantic white sperm whale that, he believed, had once attacked him and amputated his leg. - ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Authors unknown. "Entry for Ahab." Christian Resource Center, 2007. Retrieved June 19, 2007. - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 James Ussher, The Annals of the World, Larry Pierce, ed., Green Forest, AR: Master Books, 2003 (ISBN 0890513600), pghh. 507, 511, 513-5, 517-9 - ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Leon J. Wood, A Survey of Israel's History, rev. ed. David O'Brien, Grand Rapids, MI: Academie Books, 1986 (ISBN 031034770X), pp. 263-267 - ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Konig, George. Ahab, King of Israel. AboutBibleProphecy.com, 2007. Retrieved June 19, 2007. - ↑ I_Kings 16:29-34 - ↑ I_Kings 17-22 - ↑ Pierce, Larry, Evidentialism–the Bible and Assyrian chronology, TJ 15(1):62–68 April 2001 - ↑ I_Kings 22:51 - ↑ Amos 3:15 - ↑ Micah 6:16	<urn:uuid:e5ce9cf9-25e6-4029-a299-871930c774aa>	CC-MAIN-2014-41	http://www.conservapedia.com/Ahab	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1412037663743.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20140930004103-00363-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.979062	2,054	3.171875	3
A. Two kings of Judah. 1. (1-8) The reign of King Abijam (known as Abijah in 2 Chronicles 13). In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam the son of Nebat, Abijam became king over Judah. He reigned three years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Maachah the granddaughter of Abishalom. And he walked in all the sins of his father, which he had done before him; his heart was not loyal to the LORD his God, as was the heart of his father David. Nevertheless for David’s sake the LORD his God gave him a lamp in Jerusalem, by setting up his son after him and by establishing Jerusalem; because David did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, and had not turned aside from anything that He commanded him all the days of his life, except in the matter of Uriah the Hittite. And there was war between Rehoboam and Jeroboam all the days of his life. Now the rest of the acts of Abijam, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? And there was war between Abijam and Jeroboam. So Abijam rested with his fathers, and they buried him in the City of David. Then Asa his son reigned in his place. a. Abijam became king over Judah: This son of Rehoboam only reigned three years, showing that God did not bless his reign. i. From comparing this account with 2 Chronicles 13 we learn that Abijam knew something of the LORD and knew how to preach – but he did not uproot the idolatry and sexual immorality that was introduced by Rehoboam. The successor of Abijam (Asa) removed the centers of the sexually-charged idolatry that was so common in this land (1 Kings 15:12-13). b. His heart was not loyal to the LORD his God, as was the heart of his father David: This was the real problem with Abijam’s reign – his lack of a real personal relationship with God. David sinned during his reign, but his heart stayed loyal to the LORD his God. i. 2 Chronicles 13 fills in more interesting details about the reign of Abijam (called Abijah in 2 Chronicles). It tells us how there was war between Jeroboam of Israel and Abijam of Judah, and how Abijam challenged Jeroboam on the basis of righteousness and faithfulness to God. Jeroboam responded with a surprise attack, and victory seemed certain for Israel over Judah – but Abjiam cried out to the LORD, and God won a victory for Judah that day. 2 Chronicles 13:18 says of that war, Thus the children of Israel were subdued at that time; and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied on the LORD God of their fathers. ii. “For David’s sake and in response to his faith, he was allowed a spectacular victory over the encircling Israelites whom he had challenged, for being even more apostate than he… This is an instance of God blessing the unworthy for the sake of the worthy.” (Wiseman) iii. Yet Chronicles also tells us his standing at the end of his brief reign: But Abijah grew mighty, married fourteen wives, and begot twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters (2 Chronicles 13:21). In the midst of his victory and good leadership for Judah, he never had the relationship with the LORD he should have had. c. For David’s sake the LORD his God gave him a lamp in Jerusalem: God preserved the dynasty of David in Jerusalem for the sake of David, not because of the character or quality of his descendants. i. “Chronicles spells his name Abijah, which means ‘Yahweh is my father.’ Kings spells the name Abijam, which means ‘my father is Yam.’ Yam was a Canaanite sea-god. Could it be that he started out as Abijah, a follower of Yahweh, and ended up as Abijam, a follower of a false god?” (Dilday) 2. (9-11) Summary of the reign of King Asa of Judah. In the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Asa became king over Judah. And he reigned forty-one years in Jerusalem. His grandmother’s name was Maachah the granddaughter of Abishalom. Asa did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, as did his father David. a. Asa became king over Judah: This great-grandson of Solomon took the throne of Judah at the end of Jeroboam’s reign in Israel, after his father’s brief reign. b. Asa did what was right in the eyes of the LORD, as did his father David: The kings of Judah were usually measured against David, the founder of their dynasty. In contrast to his father Abijah (1 Kings 15:3), Asa followed in the same heart as David. i. The phrase his father David shows us that in Hebrew literature the word father can be used of an ancestor in general, instead of strictly referring to one’s father. David was actually the great-great-grandfather of Asa. 3. (12-15) The reforms of King Asa of Judah. And he banished the perverted persons from the land, and removed all the idols that his fathers had made. Also he removed Maachah his grandmother from being queen mother, because she had made an obscene image of Asherah. And Asa cut down her obscene image and burned it by the Brook Kidron. But the high places were not removed. Nevertheless Asa’s heart was loyal to the LORD all his days. He also brought into the house of the LORD the things which his father had dedicated, and the things which he himself had dedicated: silver and gold and utensils. a. He banished the perverted persons from the land: These state-sanctioned homosexual idol-temple prostitutes were introduced into Judah during the reign of Rehoboam (1 Kings 14:24). Asa’s father Abijam didn’t remove these perversions and idols, but King Asa did. b. Also he removed Maachah his grandmother from being queen mother, because she had made an obscene image of Asherah: This demonstrates the thoroughness of Asa’s reforms. He was able to act righteously even when his family was wrong, in particular his own grandmother. “It is in a man’s own family circle that his faithfulness is put fairly to the test” (Knapp). i. “Maacah was apparently the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah (2 Chronicles 13:2) and Tamar (2 Samuel 14:27), hence the granddaughter of Absalom, David’s rebellious son.” (Patterson and Austel) ii. By the Brook Kidron: “The Kidron Valley east of Jerusalem was then the city’s main rubbish dump” (Wiseman). iii. An obscene image: “This image is described as ‘obscene’ in our English translation, but the Hebrew word is closer in meaning to ‘frightening,’ ‘horrible,’ or ‘abominable.’ Some commentators believe it was some sort of phallic symbol consistent with the fertility cult of Asherah” (Dilday). iv. “From the whole, it is pretty evident that the image was a mere Priapus, or something of the same nature, and that Maachah had an assembly in the grove where the image was set up, and doubtless worshipped it with the most impure rites. What the Roman Priapus was I need not tell the learned reader; and as to the unlearned, it would not profit him to know.” (Clarke) c. But the high places were not removed: 2 Chronicles 14:3 says that Asa did remove the high places, but it mentions these high places in connection with altars of the foreign gods. Therefore, Asa removed the high places that were dedicated to idols, but not the ones that were dedicated to the LORD. d. Nevertheless Asa’s heart was loyal to the LORD all his days: Asa’s loyal heart was shown in his reforms against idolatry and state-sanctioned perversion, and in his restoration of certain silver and gold utensils to the temple. 4. (16-24) Asa buys the favor of Ben-Hadad, King of Syria. Now there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days. And Baasha king of Israel came up against Judah, and built Ramah, that he might let none go out or come in to Asa king of Judah. Then Asa took all the silver and gold that was left in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and the treasuries of the king’s house, and delivered them into the hand of his servants. And King Asa sent them to Ben-Hadad the son of Tabrimmon, the son of Hezion, king of Syria, who dwelt in Damascus, saying, “Let there be a treaty between you and me, as there was between my father and your father. See, I have sent you a present of silver and gold. Come and break your treaty with Baasha king of Israel, so that he will withdraw from me.” So Ben-Hadad heeded King Asa, and sent the captains of his armies against the cities of Israel. He attacked Ijon, Dan, Abel Beth Maachah, and all Chinneroth, with all the land of Naphtali. Now it happened, when Baasha heard it, that he stopped building Ramah, and remained in Tirzah. Then King Asa made a proclamation throughout all Judah; none was exempted. And they took away the stones and timber of Ramah, which Baasha had used for building; and with them King Asa built Geba of Benjamin, and Mizpah. The rest of all the acts of Asa, all his might, all that he did, and the cities which he built, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? But in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet. So Asa rested with his fathers, and was buried with his fathers in the City of David his father. Then Jehoshaphat his son reigned in his place. a. Baasha king of Israel came up against Judah, and built Ramah, that he might let none go out or come in to Asa king of Judah: This continues the struggle for dominance between the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. Baasha gained the upper hand in the days of Asa because he effectively blocked a main route into Judah at the city of Ramah. He hoped this military and economic pressure on Judah would force Asa into significant concessions. b. Asa took all the silver and gold that was left in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and the treasuries of the king’s house: Asa used this treasure to buy the favor of Ben-Hadad of Syria, so that he would withdraw support from Israel. Apparently, Baasha of Israel could not stand against Judah by himself – he needed the backing of Syria. i. 2 Chronicles 16:7-10 tells us that God was not pleased by this, and delivered this word by the prophet Hanani: “Because you have relied on the king of Syria, and have not relied on the LORD your God, therefore the army of the king of Syria has escaped from your hand. Were the Ethiopians and the Lubim not a huge army with very many chariots and horsemen? Yet, because you relied on the LORD, He delivered them into your hand. For the eyes of the LORD run to and fro throughout the whole earth, to show Himself strong on behalf of those whose heart is loyal to Him. In this you have done foolishly; therefore from now on you shall have wars” (2 Chronicles 16:7-9). ii. Sadly, Asa did not respond to this word properly. Then Asa was angry with the seer, and put him in prison, for he was enraged at him because of this. And Asa oppressed some of the people at that time (2 Chronicles 16:10). Asa shows us the tragedy of a man who rules well and seeks the LORD for many years, yet fails in a significant challenge of his faith and then refuses to hear God’s correction. iii. “Wherein he committed three great faults, amongst many others. First, He alienated things consecrated to God without necessity. Secondly, He did this out of carnal fear and distrust of that God whose power and goodness he had lately experienced. Thirdly, He did this for an ill intent, to hire him to the breach of his league and covenant with Baasha, and to take away part of that land which by right, and the special gift of God, belonged to the Israelites.” (Poole) c. The rest of all the acts of Asa… are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah: 2 Chronicles 14-16 provides many more details regarding the reign of Asa. · He encouraged national piety: He commanded Judah to seek the LORD God of their fathers, and to observe the law and the commandment. (2 Chronicles 14:4). · He built fortified cities and presided over a long period of peace (2 Chronicles 14:6). · In response to Asa’s prayer, God defeated a huge Ethiopian army that came against Judah (2 Chronicles 14:9-13). · He had an encouraging word from the prophet Azariah that encouraged him to continue his reforms (2 Chronicles 15:1-9). · Asa led a national re-commitment to the covenant (2 Chronicles 15:10-15). d. But in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet: 2 Chronicles gives us the more complete analysis: his malady was severe; yet in his disease he did not seek the LORD, but the physicians. (2 Chronicles 16:12). This happened after he refused to hear God’s word of correction through Hanani the seer. i. Some think that Asa’s foot ailment was gout, “but gout was uncommon in Palestine and ancient Egypt and it is more likely, in view of Asa’s age, the severity of the disease and death within two years, to have been a peripheral obstructive vascular disease with ensuing gangrene” (Wiseman). ii. Morgan on Asa: “It is the record of a faulty life, but one in which the deepest thing, that of desire, was right; and so it is the record of a life, the influence of which was a blessing rather than a curse. It is a revealing story.” iii. All in all, Asa was a good man who did not finish well. The last years of his life were marked by unbelief, hardness against God, oppression against his people, and disease. Age and time do not necessarily make us better; they only do if we continue to follow God in faith. iv. “Jeremiah 41:9 refers to a pit (or cistern) made by Asa ‘for fear of Baasha king of Israel.’ God would thus, in this incidental way, remind us by this late and last historical notice of King Asa what was the beginning of his decline – ‘the fear of man, which bringeth a snare.’” (Knapp) B. Two kings of Israel. 1. (25-32) The short reign of Nadab, king of Israel. Now Nadab the son of Jeroboam became king over Israel in the second year of Asa king of Judah, and he reigned over Israel two years. And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way of his father, and in his sin by which he had made Israel sin. Then Baasha the son of Ahijah, of the house of Issachar, conspired against him. And Baasha killed him at Gibbethon, which belonged to the Philistines, while Nadab and all Israel laid siege to Gibbethon. Baasha killed him in the third year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned in his place. And it was so, when he became king, that he killed all the house of Jeroboam. He did not leave to Jeroboam anyone that breathed, until he had destroyed him, according to the word of the LORD which He had spoken by His servant Ahijah the Shilonite, because of the sins of Jeroboam, which he had sinned and by which he had made Israel sin, because of his provocation with which he had provoked the LORD God of Israel to anger. Now the rest of the acts of Nadab, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel? And there was war between Asa and Baasha king of Israel all their days. a. And he did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way of his father: Nadab, this son of Jeroboam, did as his father did continuing in his idolatry and hardness towards God. i. 2 Chronicles 11:14 specifically tells us that both Jeroboam and his sons were responsible for driving God’s priests out of the land of Israel. In this, Nadab directly shared in the sins of his father Jeroboam. ii. “Nadab’s name means willing; and he appears to have been too willing to continue in, and perpetuate, the sin of his iniquitous father.” (Knapp) b. Baasha killed him in the third year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned in his place. And it was so, when he became king, that he killed all the house of Jeroboam: This was the end of the dynasty of Jeroboam. Had Jeroboam remained obedient to the LORD, God promised him a lasting dynasty like the house of David (1 Kings 11:38). Because of Jeroboam’s sin, though he enjoyed a long reign, his son only reigned two years before the assassination of Nadab and the murder of all Jeroboam’s descendants. i. “Thus God made use of one wicked man to destroy another.” (Clarke) ii. “Nadab was king little more than one year, but since it covered parts of two years, Hebrew time measurement reckons his reign as two years.” (Dilday) c. According to the word of the LORD which He had spoken by His servant Ahijah: This word is recorded in 1 Kings 14:7-16. i. “So ended the first of the nine dynasties that for two hundred and fifty years ruled (or misruled) the kingdom of Israel.” (Knapp) 2. (33-34) The reign of Baasha, king of Israel. In the third year of Asa king of Judah, Baasha the son of Ahijah became king over all Israel in Tirzah, and reigned twenty-four years. He did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin by which he had made Israel sin. a. Baasha the son of Ahijah became king over all Israel: As expected with a man who came to the throne through assassination, Baasha was a wicked man and ushered in a dreadful period for Israel, both spiritually and politically. b. He did evil in the sight of the LORD, and walked in the way of Jeroboam: The summary puts it simply. Though Baasha was not a genetic descendent of Jeroboam (having murdered his family), he was certainly a spiritual descendent of Jeroboam. ©2018 David Guzik – No distribution beyond personal use without permission	<urn:uuid:eded583b-9a8d-4005-9ebb-3500a8ee126a>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/1-kings-15/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511002.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002164819-20231002194819-00241.warc.gz	en	0.984621	4,340	3.171875	3
Our dynamic Arts Learning Area is comprised of programs in Visual Arts, Drama, Music, and Media. Waroona District High School is in a unique position; students spend their primary school years developing foundation skills and conceptual understandings before they seamlessly transition through to the secondary program where Arts becomes more specialised. In years seven and eight, students will rotate through Visual Arts, Drama and Music. In year nine and ten, students can continue with the Arts, choosing a discipline to specialise in, one that will prepare them for certificate courses or WACE in years 11 and 12. The Music program is diverse and engaging. Our students in years one to six build skills such as critical listening, performance strategies, rhythm and pitch and the specific vocabulary of music. They will also experiment with digital technology to enhance or create performances, and learn an instrument, such as ukulele, keyboard or xylophone. There are opportunities to develop these skills outside of class time, with a choir, band sessions and performances at our local community events. In high school, students can continue with General Music or take advantage of the extra-curricular programs such as Choir or Music Academy. There are performances from high school and primary school students throughout the year and these are greatly enjoyed by the wider Waroona community. The Visual Arts program at Waroona District High School offers all students from year one to year ten the opportunity to learn and refine techniques used to create art works. Students will create a variety of art forms in the studio areas of drawing, painting, textiles, printmaking, ceramics and sculpture and will explore a variety of art movements and their relevance in the production of art works. By using the elements and principles of art to create artworks and knowledge of a variety of art styles, students create individual and unique artworks that reflect their own developing style. Reflection on their work process and presentation of artwork to an audience is showcased in a yearly exhibition. Media is offered as an elective subject for years nine and ten. In this program, students learn the codes and conventions of a wide variety of media forms. Long and short projects are developed, and students work collaboratively and individually to research, produce and edit media pieces of their own to demonstrate their knowledge of how media shapes the world around us. The Drama program commences in secondary school. Through analysis and performance of dramatic pieces, students build up skills across teamwork, vocals, improvisation, movement, characterisation and set production. Students explore historical forms of theatre and its evolution into the modern productions we see today. Students use scripts and improvisation to perform across different forms of drama.	<urn:uuid:b5e41511-7f03-4225-ae96-526200299f38>	CC-MAIN-2020-24	http://waroonadhs.wa.edu.au/programs/arts/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347388758.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20200525130036-20200525160036-00535.warc.gz	en	0.949356	539	2.609375	3
3D printing technology The technology called 3D printing have arrived to bring out your own ideas using technology to the whole world. By this 3D printing technology, people can save money and time by a single process which is more beneficial. What is 3D printing technology ? 3D printing technology is a procedure of printing your own models in a 3 dimensional solid material by using the digital file software named CAD ( Computer aided design ). This will be created by rapid prototying which creates complete model in a single process using 3D printing. This type of process is available from 2012 and it has very good benefits. Each and every 3D printers varies in their technologies to create any objects. There are many types to create an object. Some of the techniques are Polyjet, LuxexceL Printoptical Technology, Nanofactory 3D printing, MJM, DLP, SLS, FDM and SL. SLS and FDM are the very common techniques which uses melting materials to create the layers. The other technology named SLA ( Stereolithography ) uses another technique for printing. This technique is done by laying the cured liquid materials. SL ( Stereolithography) Stereolithography is the technique used first when comparing to all other techniques. This technique will be done for creating the exact parts by using the photopolymer resins which reacts with the laser and cure to produce a solid in a perfect way. This technique is more complex yet the resins held in a tank or basin with movable surface into it. MJM ( Multi Jet modelling ) : Multi jet modelling is a well known technology that needs wax as a mandatory source. People melts wax to support material that forms, leaves the ending object. This type of printing comes accurately. Polishing can also be done to get full transparency. Poly Jet : Poly Jet technology is a multi coloured and multi material printing technique that uses Uv light to cure photopolymer. The two heads is to only support the model which will be formed by proyotyping. At last, all the printed objects washes away and later polishing will be done for getting smoothing and transparency. The advantage of using this technique is you can create a smoothed object as a end product and this technique works very faster, even to create very minute shapes. SLS ( Selective laser sisterning ) : Selective laser sisterning is one of the most innovative technique which creates an end product by using laser which selectively combines with multi layers of powdered waxes, ceramics, metals, nylons or any other ranged materials. Nanofactory 3D printing technology : This method creates the product that is fully based on nanotechnologies. How 3D printing used in various fields ? Architects forms mockups usually for their own designs. By using 3D printing they can came up with mockups in a short durable of time with more accuracy. Artists uses 3D printing to produce their most difficult and costly objects easily and quickly. In a medical field – for reference, the surgeons uses this printing machine to bioprinting ( print parts of the body) before starting any difficult surgeries. By using this 3D printing, people can create more objects with a short interval of time. This digital technology saves more money, energy and time.	<urn:uuid:d81891f8-c49e-4607-ae2b-49fdb5a81d0e>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://www.theadbuzz.com/an-amazing-3d-printing-technology/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233505362.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921073711-20230921103711-00843.warc.gz	en	0.94236	695	3.546875	4
The food world is abuzz with the promise of transparency. Radical transparency. Authentic transparency. Trust-building transparency. The promise comes in many forms – from clear packaging to ethical corporate engagement, “clean” ingredients panels, supply chain traceability, hand held scanning technologies that can tell you “what is really in your food,” video tours taking consumers inside production plants, and real life opportunities to “see for yourself” where your food comes from. What is the problem that transparency seeks to solve? What is transparency? And can it solve those problems? Transparency is the food industry’s answer to consumer concerns about processed food and the industrial food system that produces it. It’s a version of the same ethos that has animated much of the alternative food movement, which has to a great extent sparked and informed consumer demand for changes throughout the food system. Within the alternative food movement “lifting the veil” that has kept industrial food production processes hidden from consumers is understood as a political process that empowers consumers to make informed, values driven choices about what to buy and eat. Farmers markets and community supported agriculture, for example, are meant to foster the direct connections between consumers and “where their food comes from” that have been abstracted and attenuated (if not intentionally obscured) by the mainstream food industry. The metaphor of “lifting the veil” implies that beyond deceptive appearances there awaits a truth waiting to be revealed. In reality, beyond one story about “where your food comes from,” lies another. As scholars of alternative agri-food systems have shown, farmers markets (for example) don’t simply reveal the reality of where our food comes from, they create new stories,“imaginaries” which obscure, reveal and construct particular understandings and affinities. The food industry’s transparency mantra borrows from this ethos, responding to a broad array of consumer concerns about processed food and the system that produces it with offers of “truth” about what is in our food and where it comes from that are meant to align with consumer values and, therefore, build trust. As a communication strategy, transparency is informed by social science understandings of consumer behavior. In this sense, transparency – in its many guises – represents a distinctly different mode of engagement from attempts by the food industry to dismiss consumers’ “irrational” concerns in a barrage of facts about the benefits and safety of “modern food processing.” Rather than simply throwing facts at “misinformed” consumers, transparency initiatives recognize the complex social, cultural and psychological environment in which the “facts” about food exist and use empathy combined with effective story telling to build – or rebuild – trust. KIND Bar is recognized as a leading example of transparency; clear packaging, ingredients “you can see and pronounce,” and a “mission to celebrate and create kindness,” reveal what other products conceal, empathize with consumer concerns about ingredients with unfamiliar names (however irrational and unscientific they may be), and express values that consumer share. But what good are these revelations if what really matters to you is the environmental impact of almond production? Likewise, McDonald’s “Our Food. Your Questions” campaign is fundamentally about rebuilding trust by listening and responding to consumer concerns. In addition to answering consumer questions such as “do you use real potatoes for your fries?” (yes) and “do you add dye to your shakes and frappes?” (yes) the campaign includes video tours of McDonald’s production facilities hosted by myth buster Grant Imahara taking us, for example, inside the making of a McNugget (No pink slime! Real people! Real Chickens!). But again, if what matters to you is how the workers in those production plants are treated, or who sets the farm policy that keeps soy and corn based chicken feed cheap, these are meaningless “revelations.” Honesty should be the foundation of trust building through transparency. I don’t mean honesty within transparency (that would be redundant; the whole point of transparency is to tell a story that resonates as honest) but rather honesty about transparency. Transparency is a construct. I don’t believe that there is a single, knowable truth about “where our food comes from” but even if there were, there would be no veil that could be lifted to reveal it. If we were to simply throw open the doors of the barn, field, factory, laboratory, boardroom or regulatory agency (etc.) there would be too much information for anyone to make sense of. A transparency strategy – whether it involves front of package labeling, online illustrations of processing technologies, DNA barcoding, or video taping plant operations – hinges on deciding (consciously or not) what kind of information matters. Optimistically, transparency is a space in which a meaningful negotiation about what matters can take place. Cynically, it’s a marketing strategy that takes the psychology of consumer concerns seriously without taking seriously what consumers are concerned about. The difference may hinge on honesty – among all parties – about what “transparency” really is and does.	<urn:uuid:40d19163-b61e-4e77-89dc-4e5728806f5e>	CC-MAIN-2020-05	http://foodfatnessfitness.com/2015/11/10/the-promise-of-transparency/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250610004.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200123101110-20200123130110-00456.warc.gz	en	0.938016	1,086	2.921875	3
By looking at the entire DNA from this one patient's tumor, researchers have found a genetic anomaly that provides an important clue to improving how this cancer is diagnosed and treated. Researchers at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center sequenced the tumor's genome through a new program called MI-ONCOSEQ, which is designed to identify genetic mutations in tumors that might be targeted with new therapies being tested in clinical trials. The sequencing also allows researchers to find new mutations. In this case, an unusual occurrence of two genes - NAB2 and STAT6 - fusing together. This is the first time this gene fusion has been identified. "In most cases, mutations are identified because we see them happening again and again. Here, we had only one case of this. We knew NAB2-STAT6 was important because integrated sequencing ruled out all the known cancer genes. That allowed us to focus on what had been changed," says lead study author Dan R. Robinson, research fellow with the Michigan Center for Translational Pathology. Once they found the aberration, the researchers looked at 51 other tumor samples from benign and cancerous solitary fibrous tumors, looking for the NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion. It showed up in every one of the samples. Results are published online in Nature Genetics. "Genetic sequencing is extremely important with rare tumors," says study co-author Scott Schuetze, M.D., associate professor of internal medicine at the U-M Medical School. "Models of rare cancers to study in the laboratory are either not available or very limited. The sequencing helps us to learn more about the disease that we can use to develop better treatments or to help diagnose the cancer in others." The NAB2-STAT6 fusion may prove to be a difficult target for therapies, but researchers believe they may be able to attack the growth signaling cycle that leads to this gene fusion. "Understanding the changes induced in the cell by the NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion will help us to select novel drugs to study in patients with advanced solitary fibrous tumors. Currently this is a disease for which there are no good drug therapies available and patients are in great need of better treatments," Schuetze says. No treatments or clinical trials are currently available based on these findings. Additional testing in the lab is needed to assess the best way to target NAB2-STAT6. The gene fusion could also potentially be used to help identify solitary fibrous tumors in cases where diagnosis is challenging. Additional authors: Yi-Mi Wu; Shanker Kalyana-Sundaram; Xuhong Cao; Robert J. Lonigro; Yun-Shao Sung; Rui Wang; Fengyun Su; Matthew K. Iyer; Sameek Roychowdhury; Javed Siddiqui; Kenneth J. Pienta; Lakshmi P. Kunju; Moshe Talpaz; and Arul M. Chinnaiyan from U-M; Chun-Liang Chen; Lei Zhang; Samuel Singer; and Cristina R. Antonescu from Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Juan Miguel Mosquera from Weill Cornell Medical College Funding: National Cancer Institute grants: U01 CA111275, 5 P30 CA46592, P01 CA047179-15A2, and P50 CA140146-01; National Functional Genomics Center grant W81XWH-11-1-0520; U.S. Department of Defense; the Linn Fund, Cycle for Survival, the Alan Rosenthal Research Fund for Research in Sarcoma, the Weinstein Solitary Fibrous Tumor Research Fund, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Burroughs Wellcome Foundation, American Cancer Society, A. Alfred Taubman Institute at the University of Michigan. Disclosure: The University of Michigan has filed for patent protection on the NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion and is currently looking for licensing partners to help bring the technology to market. Reference: Nature Genetics, published online Jan. 13, 2013, DOI: 10.1038/ng.2509	<urn:uuid:d22fc5cc-d129-4a0a-a34b-55e7a86695c6>	CC-MAIN-2017-39	https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-01/uomh-rig011513.php	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818686077.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170919235817-20170920015817-00381.warc.gz	en	0.922322	852	2.78125	3
In a Vector scan display, both magnitude and direction of the electron beams are used to create a display. Display programs having the co ordinates of the screen are stored in Refresh Buffer Memory. A display controller is used for interpretation commands for the co ordinates and sends it to a vector generator. Vector generator then converts digital co ordinates in to analog voltages which is then passed to the Cathode Ray Tube for display. This process is repeated continuously to obtain a display.	<urn:uuid:a004b01c-aad8-460c-9205-2235b04ebff4>	CC-MAIN-2017-39	http://www.moreprocess.com/devices/architecture-and-working-of-a-vector-scan-or-random-scan-display	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818696653.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926160416-20170926180416-00618.warc.gz	en	0.881288	95	3.078125	3
As the years go by, global climate change is becoming an extremely complex problem and many business owners think that this issue is only relevant to the larger corporations, but this is something that is precariously flawed. In reality, global climate change is an issue that affects us all, so we should all make an effort to do what we can to reduce our negative impacts on the environment. If you own a small business, your environmental efforts do matter, and having good environmental practice is a growing concern for consumers. Making sure that your claims are genuine is essential because customers will eventually notice if your claims are false. The following advises on 5 practical ways you can make your business more environmentally friendly. Have a look into options to reduce the amount of water your business uses and wastes, such as eco-friendly water systems. Little things like making sure any leaky taps are fixed and that unused taps are turned off can save more water than you think. Additionally, you could speak to a plumbing expert to discuss ways to reduce your water usage. Add recycling bins to encourage product recycling in the workplace. Most people will already be aware of this concept from recycling at home. Make sure you educate your employees about what they can and can’t recycle and why they need to do it. If you replace any electronics with updated, more energy efficient appliances, then make sure you recycle the old ones. Reduce Your Carbon Footprint Being aware of your carbon footprint and taking the necessary steps to reduce your carbon output is a highly effective way to make your business more environmentally friendly. Doing things to encourage employees to reduce their carbon footprint, such as cycle to work schemes and car sharing are all great ways to make your business greener. If you want to learn more carbon output information and easy ways to cut your carbon emissions, check this post from Utility Bidder. Looking for alternative sources for energy and products can really improve how environmentally friendly your business is. For example, look for alternative cleaning products that are green and don’t contain harmful ingredients. You could also consider renewable energy sources. These don’t only help the environment, but they can actually save you money on energy bills. Add Some Plants! Make your Business Look More Environmentally Friendly Planting flowers, shrubs and trees outside your business can help to support the local ecosystem. They improve the air quality by locking away carbon and producing oxygen, while making your business look pretty. They help to support pollinators, which are essential to our survival and they aren’t too hard to maintain. Shade from trees can also shade your business from powerful sunlight, which creates a cooler office space in return. Taking care of the environment is something that we should all contribute to, and making your business more environmentally friendly can improve the reputation of your business and in turn, increase your sales. Some actions may seem insignificant, but if everyone made the same small changes to their businesses or lifestyle, they could amount to something that could quite literally change the world -in a positive way, of course.	<urn:uuid:fbd84436-637b-4900-83ca-2878e83bf897>	CC-MAIN-2023-50	https://www.ways2gogreenblog.com/2019/11/05/make-your-business-more-environmentally-friendly-5-practical-ways/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100286.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20231201084429-20231201114429-00351.warc.gz	en	0.946251	618	2.546875	3
The most characteristic traditional instruments of Georgia are the chordophones: the panduri, the chonguri and the changi (in the Svanetia region, north-west of Georgia). Some instruments of Georgia are played in other Caucasian countries (e.g. Azerbaijan, Armenia), specially the aerophones and and membraphones instruments. In Tbilisi and other cities imported Caucasian or Persian instruments such as saz, ud, rabab and duduk (in Georgian: duduki) are played. The accordion (garmon), the concertina (buzika) and even the Spanish guitar has been adopted as instruments of accompaniment. Urban music with western harmonies using guitar accompaniment is being popular in the cities and around the country. e.g. Listen to the song "Suliko" in youtube. Panduri. It is the most popular. It is a plucked fretted lute with three strings. The resonance box is hollow and with a boat shape. The shape may change according to the regions and maker. In eastern Georgia mountains is used the Mtiuluri panduri (fanduri) with a lengthened boat shape resonance box. The panduri is used as accompaniment of dances and songs. Chonguri. Plucked unfretted lute with four strings. It is usually played by women. Chianuri. Two/three bowed instrument. There are no frets in the neck. The resonance box is rounded with stretched leather. It is played with a bow. The chuniri it is a similar instrument played in Svanetia. Changi. Triangular harp. It is very popular in Svanetia. A similar instrument can be also found in Abkhazia as ayumaa and Ossetia as duodastanon. Larchemi/Soinari. Panpipe with six cane tubes. Different sizes and tunings. Played by megrelians and gurians, respectively, of western Georgia and close to Black Sea. Salamuri. Whistle flute made of cane or wood with 6-8 finger-holes. It is similar to the Azeri tutek and Armenian tutak. Pilili. Reed wind instrument used in West of Georgia as accompaniment of dances and comic songs. Gudastviri. Bagpipe with two melody pipes and no drone. “Guda” means bag and “stviri” means pipe. The Chiboni is a bagpipe played in the south of Georgia. It is popular in Ajaria region. It is similar to the Armenian parakapzuk and the Turkish tulum. The meskhetians in the south of Georgia, bordering Turkey, they also use the word tulum. Stviri. Flute made of cane. Played by herdsmen and children. Bul-buls. Ceramic small whistles. The bird shape is the most common. Similar to Armenian pepuks. Buki. It was a military large trumpet made of metal. The khoroto is a similar instrument. They are now obsolete. Buzika. Caucasian concertina used for dancing and accompaniment to songs. Diplipito. Small ceramic double kettle drum with leather membranes played with sticks (similar to Azeri gosha nagara and Armenian nagara). Doli. Double-headed drum with a leather membrane. Modern dholis use to have a plastic membrane. (similar to Armenian dool and Azeri nagara) Daira. Frame drum or tambourine with jingles (similar to Armenian daf and Azeri dyaf) Georgian common ensembles use the salamuri, chonguri and panduri; panduri and daira; changi and chuniri; chiboni and dholi. Other Caucasian instruments may be used as an ensemble of a pair of dudukis accompanied by dholi and an accordion accompanied by a clarinet. In the picture below you can see a male choir with women holding a panduri, and other instruments such as the accordion (garmon) and doli. Other Caucasian instruments from other non-Gerogian regions Duduki: Wind instrument with a sweet and mellow sound. It is very popular in Armenia, being the most famous Armenia player Djivan Gasparyan. Apkhyarta. Bowed instrumend of 1-2 strings played in Abkhazia. Shichepshin. Bowed two string instrument with a spindle shape body of the Adygei region of Russia. http://englishrussia.com/2012/01/14/preserving-adygei-traditions/ *: Pictures taken in State Museum of Georgian Folk Songs & Musical Instruments.	<urn:uuid:2a9e03c4-7e1e-4e79-b7a0-78183fa2da5a>	CC-MAIN-2017-39	http://world-music-travelling.blogspot.com/2013/11/musical-instruments-of-georgia.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689779.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923213057-20170923233057-00021.warc.gz	en	0.912499	1,018	3.046875	3
Turf grasses do not provide a good source of food or habitat for most types of wildlife, according to Kathy Basque of Delta Tree Farms, who spoke at the January meeting of the Lodi Garden Club. Not only that, but lawns have less than 10 percent of the water-absorbing capacity of natural woodlands, thus contributing to suburban flooding. And lawn watering uses 30 to 60 percent of urban fresh water. To cut down on water, pesticides and pollution from lawnmowers, and to make a yard more hospitable to birds, bees, butterflies and small animals like toads and lizards, replace lawns with native vegetation. Most nurseries can provide lists of plants that attract butterflies, hummingbirds and bees, among other animals. Also, reduce or replace pesticides, manage household pets so wildlife doesn’t get exterminated, provide bat houses and bird feeders, provide fresh drinking water, and increase the number of plants that fill in space between the ground and the bottoms of tree canopies. In a world that is becoming increasingly dangerous to all kinds of wildlife, this relatively easy way to sustain and protect some of the smaller garden inhabitants is really everyone’s obligation.	<urn:uuid:ab39dacc-5e58-4c2a-85e4-7f31c223a9ae>	CC-MAIN-2014-23	http://www.lodinews.com/newsyneighbors/clubroundup/article_307ca89a-76b5-11e2-a248-0019bb2963f4.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997894250.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025814-00113-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.92569	248	3.171875	3
Watergate is the most important political scandal of the twentieth century. Because of his actions and those of his staff Richard M. Nixon the Thirty-Seventh President of the United States resigned on August 8, 1974. Nixon chose to resign rather than face an impeachment vote in the House of Representatives and conviction in the Senate. Those actions ranged from breaking into the office of Dr. Lewis Fielding, Daniel Ellsberg’s psychiatrist,1 the use of the Internal Revenue Service to attack the President’s enemies; to the break-in and wiretapping of telephones at the offices of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate complex on June 17, 1972, and its cover up. Such a criminal conspiracy and obstruction of justice could not be kept from the public. Newspaper reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward of the Washington Post and others investigated the Watergate break-in as well as other questionable activities of the Committee to Reelect the President (CREEP). One of the most unfortunate, yet descriptive acronyms in American History. The Justice Department indicted the Watergate Seven on September 15, 1972.2 By January 1973, all but two of the Watergate Seven plead guilty. James W. McCord and G. Gordon Liddy were tried and found guilty on January 30, 1973. On March 23, 1973, facing the possibility of severe sentence, James McCord wrote a letter to Judge John Sirica in which he stated pressure had been applied to the defendants to ensure silence. Perjury was committed in the courtroom. Sirica made the letter public and imposed harsh sentences, ranging from twenty to forty years, to force the defendants’ cooperation.3 By May 17, 1973, what would become known as the Senate Watergate Committee had completed its preparations and began fifty-one days of televised hearings on the Watergate break-in and other CREEP activities. The public was mesmerized. Almost every TV in the country was tuned to the hearings. The major television networks ABC, NBC and CBS took turns televising the hearings during the day. Soap operas, game shows, and cartoons were preempted to show the Watergate Hearings. Additionally, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), still in its infancy, rebroadcasted gavel to gavel coverage of the hearings in prime time. For more than forty years this tremendous primary source material was virtually inaccessible to the public and most scholars. On November 3, 2017, the Library of Congress and WGBH, Boston announced that all fifty-one days of the hearings had been digitized and were available online: The Library of Congress and Boston public broadcaster WGBH announced today that gavel-to-gavel television coverage of the Senate Watergate hearings in 1973, donated to the Library by WETA Washington, D.C., has been digitally preserved and made available online. Produced by the National Public Affairs Center for Television (NPACT), the hearings were taped during the day and rebroadcast every evening on public television for 51 days, from May 17 to Nov. 15. These broadcasts became one of the most popular series in public broadcasting history. 4 Additionally, the repository includes the House Judiciary Committee Impeachment Hearings. Until now, students of Watergate, too young to have seen the hearings live, have had to rely on transcripts of the hearings, and sound bites of testimony from John Dean, Alexander Butterfield, H. R. Haldeman, and John Ehrlichman among others. Thanks to the American Archive of Public Broadcasting (AAPB), scholars and the public can experience the testimony of all the witnesses before the Senate Watergate Committee in context the way Americans did at the time. There are some technical issues with the repository. None of the videos can be embedded into a website, and only the first week’s videos can be played on an iOS device. Hopefully, it is a minor glitch with a website or the operating system that AAPB and/or Apple will eventually fix. However, all the videos run well on Windows 10. I have viewed testimony on both my Surface 3 and my laptop. Despite this minor inconvenience, the AAPB has done a tremendous work digitizing, cataloging, and preserving the Senate Watergate Hearings and the House Judiciary Committee Impeachment Hearings - “Gavel-to-Gavel”: The Watergate Scandal and Public Television - The Watergate Coverage - The Impeachment Coverage - Summer of Judgment; Part 1 of 2 - Library and WGBH Acquire Historic TV Coverage of Senate Watergate Hearings - keegan.wiki \| Document Archive – Watergate - 07 Why Nixon is fascinatin - Senate Watergate Video Now Available on iOS 1 Daniel Ellsberg, while a consultant for the RAND Corporation, a private think tank with close ties to the Defense Department, copied and then leaked to the New York Times The Pentagon Papers. See George C. Herring, ed., The Pentagon Papers: Abridged Edition. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993), xv. 2 The Watergate Seven: E. Howard Hunt, G. Gordon Liddy, Bernard L. Barker, Eugenio Martinez, Frank A. Sturgis, Virgilio R. Gonzales, and James W. McCord. 3 “James W. McCord Letter to Judge John Sirica March 23, 1973,” United States v. George Gordon Liddy, et al., C.R. 1827-72, United States District Court for the District of Columbia; Records of District Courts of the United States, Record Group 21; NARA, College Park, MD http://watergate.info/1973/03/19/mccord-letter-to-judge-sirica.html 4 “Library and WGBH Acquire Historic TV Coverage of Senate Watergate Hearings,” Library of Congress, last modified November 3, 2017, https://www.loc.gov/item/prn-17-167/library-and-wgbh-acquire-historic-tv-coverage-of-senate-watergate-hearings/2017-11-03/	<urn:uuid:2b77d412-dcac-414b-99c4-fb470852a271>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://keegan.blog/2018/07/10/watergate-hearings-online/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224649343.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603201228-20230603231228-00115.warc.gz	en	0.946738	1,271	3.4375	3
Sleep Disorders and Parasomnias Irregular Heart Rhythms A cardiac arrhythmia -- the medical term for an irregular heart rhythm -- is a change from the normal rate or control of the heart's contractions. People who have coronary artery disease and whose blood oxygen is lowered by sleep-disordered breathing may be at risk for arrhythmias, which take place during REM sleep. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment may reduce this risk. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) People with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder act out dramatic and/or violent dreams during REM sleep. REM sleep usually involves a state of sleep paralysis (atonia), but people with this condition move the body or limbs while dreaming. Usually, RBD occurs in men aged 50 and older, but the disorder also can occur in women and in younger people. It differs from sleepwalking and sleep terrors, in that the sleeper can be easily awakened and can recall vivid details of the dream. In the diagnosis and treatment of RBD, potentially serious neurological disorders must be ruled out. Polysomnography (sleep tests) and drug treatments also can be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Sleep Bruxism (Teeth Grinding) Sleep bruxism -- or teeth grinding -- involves the involuntary, unconscious, excessive grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep. It may occur along with other sleep disorders. Sleep bruxism may lead to problems, including abnormal wear of the teeth and jaw muscle discomfort. The severity of bruxism can range from mild to severe enough to cause dental injury. In some cases, grinding can be prevented with the use of a mouth guard. The mouth guard, supplied by a dentist, can fit over the teeth to prevent them from grinding against each other. Sleep Enuresis (Bedwetting) In this condition, the affected person is unable to maintain urinary control when asleep. There are two kinds of enuresis -- primary and secondary. In primary enuresis, a person has been unable to have urinary control from infancy onward. Primary bedwetting appears to run in families. Children are more likely to have it if their parents or siblings had it as children. In secondary enuresis, a person has a relapse after previously having been able to have urinary control. Enuresis can be caused by medical conditions (for example, diabetes, urinary tract infections, and sleep apnea) or by psychiatric disorders. Some treatments for bedwetting include behavior modification, alarm devices, and medications. Nocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia (NPD) This disorder is sometimes marked by seizure-like episodes during non-REM sleep. Most evidence points to NPD being a form of epilepsy. Episodes of NPD typically recur several times per night.	<urn:uuid:cc798a92-3ea4-42e1-8b69-d48e667641df>	CC-MAIN-2014-10	http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/guide/parasomnias?page=3	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394010776308/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091256-00088-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.951438	583	3.171875	3
In today’s interconnected and globalized world, learning a new language has become an invaluable asset. Whether for personal growth, career advancement, or cultural enrichment, the benefits of mastering a foreign language extend far beyond mere communication. This article explores the key advantages of learning a new language and highlights how it opens up a world of possibilities. Studies have consistently shown that learning a new language can significantly enhance cognitive abilities. The brain undergoes positive changes, including improved memory, problem-solving skills, and increased creativity. Multilingual individuals have been found to exhibit greater mental flexibility and improved decision-making abilities. These cognitive benefits extend to various aspects of life and can positively impact academic performance, professional growth, and everyday problem-solving. Proficiency in multiple languages can greatly expand career opportunities. In our increasingly globalized economy, businesses seek individuals who can effectively communicate and connect with diverse markets and cultures. Bilingual or multilingual employees are highly valued in industries such as tourism, international business, diplomacy, and translation. Moreover, being able to communicate with customers or colleagues in their native language builds trust, strengthens relationships, and opens doors to new partnerships and ventures. Learning a new language goes hand in hand with understanding and appreciating different cultures. Language and culture are intricately intertwined, and by immersing oneself in another language, we gain insight into the traditions, customs, and values of its speakers. This cultural understanding fosters empathy, tolerance, and respect for diversity, breaking down barriers and promoting harmonious coexistence in our global society. Imagine exploring a foreign country armed with the ability to converse with locals in their native tongue. Learning a new language can transform your travel experiences, allowing you to connect with locals on a deeper level, navigate unfamiliar places with ease, and fully immerse yourself in the local culture. By speaking the language, you gain access to authentic experiences, uncover hidden gems, and forge meaningful connections with people from different backgrounds. Learning a new language has been linked to improved cognitive health and a reduced risk of age-related cognitive decline. Bilingual individuals have shown greater resistance to cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s and dementia. The constant mental exercise required to switch between languages keeps the brain active and strengthens neural connections. Learning a new language is not only an investment in your present but also in your long-term cognitive well-being. Mastering a new language is a challenge that requires dedication, perseverance, and discipline. As you progress in your language learning journey, you experience personal growth and an increased sense of self-confidence. Each milestone achieved, whether it’s holding a conversation, reading a book, or watching a movie in the target language, brings a sense of accomplishment and boosts self-esteem. Learning a new language expands your comfort zone and broadens your horizons, making you more adaptable and open-minded. Learning a new language offers a multitude of benefits that extend beyond communication skills. It enhances cognitive abilities, opens up career opportunities, fosters cultural understanding and empathy, enriches travel experiences, boosts cognitive health, and promotes personal growth and self-confidence. With the world becoming increasingly interconnected, the ability to communicate in multiple languages has become a vital tool for success and personal enrichment. So, why not embark on a language learning journey today and unlock a world of possibilities?	<urn:uuid:bafb5aab-2182-4430-bfc7-c56656d7db30>	CC-MAIN-2023-50	https://www.langchats.com/blog/the-benefits-of-learning-a-new-language	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100724.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20231208045320-20231208075320-00228.warc.gz	en	0.92168	679	2.953125	3
Jessica Arcate Schuler is the Director of the Thain Family Forest at The New York Botanical Garden. Ecological restoration is the driving discipline for the ongoing work in the Thain Family Forest. This newer field of science is defined by the Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) as the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed. Ecosystems around the world are being used unsustainably and in some cases completely destroyed. Because of this, they are no longer providing vital ecosystem services such as food, water, carbon sequestration, pollination, climate regulation, and wildlife habitat. Ecological restoration provides the platform for people to utilize both conservation and sustainable development techniques to restore ecological function and improve conditions for everyone. The SER has developed international standards that guide restoration projects across the globe with an emphasis on educating and engaging local communities. Through the Forest Program, NYBG is a member of SER and also the Ecological Restoration Alliance of Botanic Gardens where our collaborative declaration is to “Connect. Share. Restore.” Jessica A. Schuler is Director of the Thain Family Forest at The New York Botanical Garden. The tone surrounding the term “invasive species” is most frequently negative. That’s understandable, considering that invasive species—exotic species that cause harm to the ecosystem they are occupying—are one of the top three threats to biodiversity worldwide, along with climate change and habitat destruction. On Friday, November 3, 2017, NYBG and the Lower Hudson Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management (PRISM) co-presented Invasive Species Summit: Restoration and Long-term Management, which brought a positive note of restoration to the invasive species discussion (visit the NYBG YouTube Channel for a recording of the full program). This all-day program started with Paddy Woodworth, award-winning Irish journalist and author of “Our Once and Future Planet”, who introduced the subject of ecological restoration—the process of assisting in the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed—and showcased the example of Working for Water, a large-scale, South African program that has been managing invasive plants since 1995. As a writer, Paddy brings a unique perspective to the topic, warning that the negative words used with conservation are concerning. Ecological restoration provides a positive perspective and an outlet of tangible action items in which everyone can participate, from their own backyards to following the Society for Ecological Restoration International Standards in larger-scale restoration projects. An invasive species is defined as a species that is non-native to the ecosystem under consideration and causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. Did you know that there are 146 invasive plant species that threaten the Lower Hudson Region’s ecosystems? This season, NYBG hosted a citizen science training for the LHPRISM 2017 BlockBuster Survey that taught volunteers how to identify and monitor for 27 of the terrestrial plant species that have limited data in New York’s online mapping program called iMapInvasives and are regional candidates for eradication and containment. In one day, 22 volunteers learned how to identify each plant species, how to sample following the survey protocol, and use an app to collect the data. What makes this survey effort unique, is the extensive regional searching for presence and absence of each of the 27 terrestrial plant species. Each volunteer or team was assigned a three-mile by three-mile grid in which they have until mid September to search for the invasive species of interest.	<urn:uuid:412d883e-7e77-4d59-bd49-661bc36b8702>	CC-MAIN-2020-29	https://www.nybg.org/blogs/science-talk/author/jarcate/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655890181.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20200706191400-20200706221400-00423.warc.gz	en	0.936763	730	3.015625	3
Pickleball Rules for Competitive Play Pickleball has experienced a surge in popularity in recent years, transitioning from a casual backyard game to a competitive sport enjoyed by millions of players worldwide. The game's fast-paced and thrilling nature has attracted a growing number of enthusiasts to the courts. As the sport continues to evolve, it is crucial to stay updated on the latest rules and regulations that govern competitive play. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the pickleball rules for competitive play, equipping you with the knowledge to enhance your understanding of the game. Equipment and Court Setup Before delving into the rules of competitive play, let's first discuss the essential equipment and court setup required. Pickleball Paddle: Each player must possess a pickleball paddle, which resembles a table tennis paddle but is slightly larger in size. The paddle's design and composition can significantly impact a player's performance and style of play. Pickleball: The game is played with a plastic ball that is perforated with holes, similar to a wiffle ball. The ball's specific characteristics, such as its weight, size, and bounce, can influence the game's dynamics and player strategies. Court Shoes: Non-marking court shoes are fundamental to ensure player safety and prevent damage to the court surface. These specialized shoes provide optimal traction, stability, and support, enabling players to move swiftly and confidently on the court. Court Dimensions: A pickleball court is rectangular in shape, measuring 20 feet wide and 44 feet long for doubles play, and 20 feet wide and 20 feet long for singles play. Familiarizing yourself with the court dimensions is crucial for positioning and executing shots effectively. Non-Volley Zone (NVZ): A 7-foot area on both sides of the net is designated as the non-volley zone, commonly referred to as the kitchen. Players are prohibited from volleying the ball while standing within this zone, except when they are positioned behind it. Net Height: The net is positioned at a height of 36 inches at the sidelines and 34 inches at the center. The net's height impacts the trajectory of shots and the level of difficulty in executing certain strategies. Baseline and Sidelines: The baseline and sidelines mark the boundaries of the playing area, ensuring fair gameplay and accurate shot placement. Being aware of these boundaries is essential to avoid faults and out-of-bounds shots. The serve marks the commencement of every pickleball rally. In competitive play, the server must adhere to the following rules: Server Positioning: The server must stand behind the baseline and serve diagonally to the opponent's service box. Proper positioning is crucial for executing effective serves and gaining an advantage in the rally. Underhand Serve: The serve must be struck below the waist with an underhand motion. The rules dictate that the paddle must make contact with the ball below the server's waist level, promoting fair play and preventing excessive power serves. Service Box: The ball must land within the diagonal service court and clear the non-volley zone. Hitting the ball outside the service court or failing to clear the non-volley zone will result in a fault. Double Bounce Rule: Both the server and the receiver must allow the ball to bounce once before striking it. After the initial bounce, both players are free to volley or hit the ball in the air. This rule ensures equal opportunities for both teams to engage in volleys and showcase their skills. Pickleball follows a unique scoring system that may initially be perplexing for beginners. Here are the essential rules for scoring in competitive play: Points: Games are typically played to 11 points, and a team must win by a margin of two points. Understanding the scoring system is crucial for strategizing and adapting gameplay to gain a competitive edge. Server Rotation: In doubles play, the serving team will rotate positions after each point scored. This rotation ensures fairness and equal opportunities for all players to serve and receive. Faults: A fault occurs when a player fails to adhere to the rules of the game. Common faults include serving out of turn, stepping into the non-volley zone, or hitting the ball out of bounds. Avoiding faults is essential to maintain momentum and prevent the loss of points. Side-Out: If the serving team commits a fault, loses a rally, or fails to serve correctly, it results in a side-out. A side-out grants the opposing team the opportunity to serve, shifting the momentum of the game. Pickleball's gameplay is characterized by its fast-paced and exhilarating nature, demanding a combination of strategy, finesse, and athleticism. Here are some crucial rules to keep in mind during competitive play: Volleying: Players are prohibited from volleying the ball while standing within the non-volley zone. However, once a player has established their position behind the non-volley zone, they are free to volley the ball. This rule encourages strategic positioning and rewards players who exhibit excellent court awareness. Double Bounce Rule: The double bounce rule is in effect for both the serving team and the receiving team. This means that each team must allow the ball to bounce once on each side before volleying or hitting it in the air. The double bounce rule promotes extended rallies and ensures fair gameplay. Faults and Out-of-Bounds: Hitting the ball into the net, outside the boundaries, or failing to clear the non-volley zone results in a fault or loss of point. Players must ensure their shots are accurate and within the boundaries of the court. Mastering shot accuracy and placement is crucial for gaining an advantage and avoiding unnecessary errors. Strategies and Tips for Competitive Play Now that you have a solid understanding of the rules of competitive pickleball, let's explore some strategies and tips to elevate your game: 1. Master Your Serve: Developing a reliable and consistent serve is crucial in gaining an advantage over your opponents. Practice different types of serves, such as a soft dink serve or a powerful drive serve, to keep your opponents guessing and off balance. 2. Control the Non-Volley Zone: The non-volley zone is a critical area on the court that can significantly impact the outcome of a rally. To gain an advantage, strive to control this zone by hitting accurate shots that force your opponents to move backward or struggle with their positioning. This strategic approach can disrupt your opponents' rhythm and create opportunities for winning shots. 3. Communicate with Your Partner: In doubles play, effective communication with your partner is essential. Plan your movements, call out shots, and work together to cover the court efficiently. By maintaining clear and open lines of communication, you can maximize your team's synergy and coordination. 4. Employ Strategic Shot Placement: Instead of relying solely on power, focus on shot placement. Aim for the sidelines, corners, or areas where your opponents will have difficulty returning the ball. Strategic shot placement can force your opponents into unfavorable positions and create openings for winners. 5. Anticipate Your Opponent's Shots: Pay close attention to your opponent's body language, positioning, and shot patterns to anticipate their shots. This proactive approach allows you to react quickly and be in the right position to make a successful return. Anticipation is key to gaining a competitive edge and taking control of the rally. 6. Stay Agile and Quick on Your Feet: Agility and speed are essential in pickleball. Work on your footwork, practice lateral movements, and be prepared to change directions quickly. By honing your agility and maintaining quick reflexes, you can effectively respond to challenging shots and maintain your position on the court. By familiarizing yourself with the rules and implementing effective strategies, you will be well-prepared for competitive play. Remember to practice consistently, stay focused, and most importantly, enjoy the game! Happy pickleball playing! 1. What equipment do I need for competitive pickleball play? - Each player must possess a pickleball paddle. - The game is played with a plastic ball that is perforated with holes. - Non-marking court shoes are fundamental for player safety and court preservation. 2. What are the dimensions of a pickleball court? - A pickleball court measures 20 feet wide and 44 feet long for doubles play. - For singles play, the court dimensions are 20 feet wide and 20 feet long. 3. What are the rules for serving in competitive pickleball? - The server must stand behind the baseline and serve diagonally to the opponent's service box. - The serve must be struck below the waist with an underhand motion. - The ball must land within the diagonal service court and clear the non-volley zone. - Both the server and the receiver must allow the ball to bounce once before striking it. 4. How is scoring conducted in competitive pickleball? - Games are typically played to 11 points, with a team needing to win by a margin of two points. - In doubles play, the serving team rotates positions after each point scored. - Faults, such as serving out of turn or stepping into the non-volley zone, result in a loss of points. - If the serving team commits a fault or loses a rally, it results in a side-out and the opposing team gets the opportunity to serve.	<urn:uuid:1c1121f6-f468-4047-9140-4d132cae7509>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://corepickleballusa.com/blogs/news/pickleball-rules-for-competitive-play	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511361.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004052258-20231004082258-00691.warc.gz	en	0.935559	1,965	2.703125	3
\|Home \| About \| Journals \| Submit \| Contact Us \| Français\| Conceived and designed the experiments: SGN MW BK. Performed the experiments: SGN EH MW DG. Analyzed the data: SGN EH MW DG BK. Wrote the paper: SGN BK. Vaccines may help reduce the growing incidence of fungal infections in immune-suppressed patients. We have found that, even in the absence of CD4+ T-cell help, vaccine-induced CD8+ T cells persist and confer resistance against Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum. Type 1 cytokines contribute to that resistance, but they also are dispensable. Although the role of T helper 17 cells in immunity to fungi is debated, IL-17 producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17 cells) have not been investigated. Here, we show that Tc17 cells are indispensable in antifungal vaccine immunity in hosts lacking CD4+ T cells. Tc17 cells are induced upon vaccination, recruited to the lung on pulmonary infection, and act non-redundantly in mediating protection in a manner that requires neutrophils. Tc17 cells did not influence type I immunity, nor did the lack of IL-12 signaling augment Tc17 cells, indicating a distinct lineage and function. IL-6 was required for Tc17 differentiation and immunity, but IL-1R1 and Dectin-1 signaling was unexpectedly dispensable. Tc17 cells expressed surface CXCR3 and CCR6, but only the latter was essential in recruitment to the lung. Although IL-17 producing T cells are believed to be short-lived, effector Tc17 cells expressed low levels of KLRG1 and high levels of the transcription factor TCF-1, predicting their long-term survival and stem-cell like behavior. Our work has implications for designing vaccines against fungal infections in immune suppressed patients. Systemic fungal infections have emerged as a public health problem, especially for patients with suppressed immunity. At present, there are no vaccines against fungi, partly because it is hard to elicit strong immunity in immune suppressed patients. We have found however that residual elements of T cell immunity can be harnessed by vaccination even in immune suppressed hosts. We show here that immune suppressed mice lacking T helper cells can still be vaccinated successfully against lethal fungal pneumonia. A population of T cytotoxic IL-17-producing cells (Tc17 cells) is instrumental and indispensible in vaccine protection. We describe here mechanisms that explain how these cells are induced to mature in Tc17 cells, persist for long periods in the body providing “immune memory”, recruit to the site of infection, and clear the tissue of fungi. Our work sheds new light on potent T cells that can be harnessed by vaccine strategies against fungal infection in vulnerable patients. The incidence of invasive fungal infections in immune-compromised hosts has skyrocketed. These patients often have diminished or dysfunctional CD4+ T cells rendering them susceptible to fungal infections caused by Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma and Pneumocystis . Thus, it would be advantageous to harness residual immunity against fungal infections in this setting. Regrettably, there are no vaccines to prevent or treat primary or opportunistic fungal infections. Substantial progress has been made in identifying the components of innate and adaptive immunity that control mucosal and systemic fungal infections –. The cytokine IL-17 helps defend against mucosal infections, including those due to fungi. The product is needed for control of mucosal and cutaneous candidiasis in mice . Genetic mutations in IL-17 production or signaling lead to increased susceptibility to mucocutaneous candidiasis in humans . Likewise, neutralization of IL-17 enhances susceptibility to Aspergillus pneumonia in mice . T helper (Th) 17 cells, one source of IL-17, play a prominent role in fungal infections , , . Although there is controversy about the beneficial and harmful roles of IL-17 and Th17 –, we have shown that Th17 cells are pivotal in vaccine resistance against three systemic mycoses . In another study, in immune deficient mice lacking CD4+ T cells, vaccination against Blastomyces and Histoplasma elicited CD8+ T-cell immunity and resistance . There, type 1 cytokines contributed significantly to resistance mediated by CD8+ T cells. However, individual type 1 cytokines were dispensable and compensated without any loss of resistance. The role of IL-17 producing CD8+ T cells (Tc17) was not explored in that study and it is unknown whether Tc17 cells can be induced without CD4+ T-cell help or mediate protective immunity upon fungal vaccination. Although the role of Tc17 cells in fungal infections remains unexplored, recent work shed some light on Tc17 cells during other infections. Tc17 cells lacking granzyme B have been associated with enhanced progression of SIV infection in macaques . In another viral model, Tc17 cells protected against lethal influenza infection . Lastly, Tc17 cells were shown to mount immunity against vaccinia virus infection by acquiring cytotoxic ability . Studies of CD4+ T cells have provided insight into how T cells differentiate into IL-17 producing cells. Naïve CD4+ T cells in mice differentiate into Th17 cells with cues from IL-6 and TGFβ . Differentiated Th17 cells are amplified and sustained by IL-21 and IL-23, respectively . The absence of IL-6 may not abolish Th17 differentiation since IL-21, like IL-6, also can activate Stat3 , to induce the expression of RORγt, thereby resulting in the production of IL-17 family members . Additionally, pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signals augment Th17 differentiation. Dectin-1 signals suppress Th1 differentiation and promote a Th17 phenotype , . Other C-type lectins and TLRs can augment Th17 cells . The cytokine IL-1 also plays a vital role in inducing and maintaining Th17 cells , . Th17 cells are not induced upon antigen challenge in mice lacking IL-1 , and IL-1 signaling in non-T cells leads to production of IL-23, which is required for maintenance of Th17 cells , . Activation of PRR pathways also leads to production of IL-1β, which, alone or together with IL-6, IL-21 and TGFβ, enhances Th17 development . To the best of our knowledge, the requisite elements of Tc17 cell differentiation during fungal infection have not been studied. Herein, we asked whether and how Tc17 cells are induced by fungal vaccination, and studied the functional role of these cells in vaccine immunity. Since we found a vital role for Tc17 cells, we investigated the PRRs and products that induce their differentiation. We also analyzed the features that might be predictive of their long-term survival and stem-cell likeness in view of our and other's recent findings suggesting that IL-17 producing T cells may be longer lived than previously believed . We report here that polyclonal and antigen-specific Tc17 cells are induced by fungal vaccination in the absence of CD4+ T-cell help. Tc17 cells were indispensable in vaccine immunity against lethal pulmonary fungal infection. Tc17 cells did not influence Tc1 cells, nor did the loss of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells abate the vaccine resistance mediated by Tc17 cells. Vaccine control of lethal fungal infection was dependent on neutrophils, and was linked functionally with CD8+ T-cell derived IL-17. Tc17 cells expressed both chemokine receptors CCR6 and CXCR3, but recruitment of the cells into the lung was mediated by CCR6. Vaccine-induced Tc17 cells and immunity to infection surprisingly did not require Dectin-1 or IL-1 receptor signaling, but did require IL-6. Although IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells are generally thought to be short-lived, Tc17 cells demonstrated a phenotype with markers that are predictive of long-term survival, multi-potency and stem-cell likeness. Given that CD4+ T cells help in initiating the inflammation and activation of DCs needed for efficient priming of CD8+ T cells, we asked whether Tc17 cells are primed after vaccination without CD4+ T-cell help and can be recalled into the lung upon lethal pulmonary infection. The draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and spleens were analyzed for differentiation and expansion of Tc17 cells in mice that had been vaccinated with Blastomyces in the presence or absence of CD4+ T cells. After vaccination, the frequency and total number of Tc17 cells were much higher in CD4 T-cell depleted mice compared to CD4+ T-cell sufficient mice (p≤0.05; Fig. 1A ). To determine whether Tc17 cells expand in an antigen-specific manner in response to the fungal vaccine, we immunized mice with a novel recombinant vaccine strain of Blastomyces that expresses the model ovalbumin epitope SIINFEKL, along with adoptive transfer of OT-I cells into the mice . Nearly 2% of the OT-I cells in the spleen of vaccinated CD4+ T-cell depleted mice were IL-17 positive ( Fig. 1B ). In vitro co-culture of OT-I cells similarly showed IL-17 production specifically in response to the OVA expressing vaccine strain (data not shown). To validate that Tc17 cells respond specifically to intrinsic yeast antigens, we re-stimulated dLN cells with yeast-loaded bone-marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs). CD8 T cells from vaccinated mice responded specifically to yeast antigen and were positive for IL-17A ( Fig. 1B ). We also analyzed the recall response of Tc17 cells in vaccinated mice. Tc17 cells were recruited into the lung after pulmonary challenge irrespective of CD4+ T-cell help ( Fig. 1C & D ). In fact, greater numbers of Tc17 cells were recruited in mice vaccinated in the absence of CD4+ T cells. Tc17 cells recruited to the lung responded in a Blastomcyes antigen-specific manner ( Fig. 1C & D ). In experiments using Histoplasma for vaccination, we found that Tc17 cells also were induced in response to that yeast, and recalled to the lung upon pulmonary challenge (Fig. S1A & B). Collectively, these data suggest that fungal-specific Tc17 cells can be induced upon fungal vaccination and recalled into the lung independent of CD4+ T-cell help. The induction of a large number of Tc17 cells following fungal vaccination and their trafficking to the lung after experimental challenge led us to explore their functional role in vaccine resistance. We used three approaches. First, we neutralized IL-17A with monoclonal antibody (mAb) during the efferent phase of the immune response following pulmonary infection. Vaccinated CD4+ T-cell depleted mice that received anti-IL-17A mAb had >1 log more lung CFU after challenge than mice that got rat IgG control ( Fig. 2A ). In a second approach, we used recombinant adenovirus secreting soluble IL-17 receptor to neutralize circulating IL-17A in vaccinated mice depleted of CD4+ T cells. Mice that received the soluble IL-17 receptor had nearly 3 logs more lung CFU after challenge than mice that got the control adenovirus expressing luciferase ( Fig. 2B ). Thus, IL-17A is required during the efferent phase of vaccine immunity mice lacking CD4+ T-cells. In a third approach, to study the roles of IL-17 and IL-17A/IL-17R signaling, we investigated vaccine resistance in IL-17 receptor A (IL17RA) knock out mice. Mouse T cells produce only IL-17A and IL-17F , , which both signal through IL-17RA. Thus, even if IL17RA−/− mice develop vaccine-induced Tc17 and Tc1 cells, IL-17 could not signal via its receptor to mediate effector functions. Here, vaccinated IL-17RA−/− mice depleted of CD4+ T cells had ≈2 logs more CFU in their lungs after challenge than did vaccinated wild-type (WT) mice ( Fig. 2C ). Thus, signaling through the IL-17A receptor is essential for controlling fungal pneumonia in vaccinated mice depleted of CD4+ T cells. Moreover, impaired IL-17A signaling reduced vaccine resistance, even in the presence of Tc1 cells. We have reported plasticity in anti-fungal vaccine immunity, with type 1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, TNF-α and GM-CSF contributing to resistance, but each having dispensable and compensatory roles for one another. We explored the obligate role of IL-17 using IL-17A−/− mice depleted of CD4+ T cells. Vaccinated IL-17A−/− mice had >3 logs more lung CFU after challenge vs. WT mice ( Fig. 2D ). Thus, Tc17 cells have an obligate, indispensable role in vaccine immunity in CD4+ T-cell deficient hosts. It is possible that non-T cells are a source of IL-17 and resistance in vaccinated mice. We analyzed the lung cells of vaccinated CD4 depleted mice following pulmonary challenge. ~82% (2.76/3.36%) of IL-17A+ cells were CD8+ T cells (Fig. S2). Thus, CD8+ T cells are the main cellular source of IL-17 in lung cells of vaccinated CD4 depleted mice. Recent studies have shown cross-regulation of type 17 and type 1 immunity; the latter being augmented by the former during experimental infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Francicella tulerensis , . We studied cross-regulation of Tc1 by Tc17 cells in our vaccine model by analyzing CD8+ T cell responses in vaccinated IL-17A−/− and IL-17RA−/− mice after pulmonary challenge. The frequency of IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing CD8+ T cells was not reduced in vaccinated IL-17A−/− mice depleted of CD4+ T cells ( Fig. 3A & data not shown). The frequency of IFN-γ producing cells was actually higher in vaccinated IL-17RA−/− mice vs. WT controls ( Fig. 3B ). Overall, the numbers of Tc1 cells recruited to the lungs of vaccinated CD4+ T-cell depleted mice were maintained in IL-17A−/− and IL-17RA−/− mice vs. WT controls ( Fig. 3C & D ). Collectively, these data suggest that Tc17 cells are distinct and function independently of Tc1 cells in vaccine immunity to fungi. Tc17 cells neither reduced nor augmented type I immunity. IL-12 signaling polarizes the T cell response towards type 1 immunity and down modulates type 17 responses. Hence, lack of IL-12p35 enhances Th17 responses in A. fumigatus infection in mice . We asked whether inhibiting type 1 responses have any impact on type 17 responses and vaccine-induced fungal immunity. We assayed resistance in vaccinated IL-12 receptor beta 2 (IL-12Rβ2) knock out mice depleted of CD4+ T cells. Surprisingly, loss of IL-12 signaling did not perturb vaccine immunity ( Fig. 4A ), since lung CFU values after challenge were similar in knockout and WT mice. Interestingly, abrogation of IL-12 signaling significantly enhanced resistance against pulmonary infection in unvaccinated knockout mice compared to WT controls ( Fig. 4A ). We investigated how loss of IL-12 signaling influenced the recall responses of Tc1 and Tc17 cells to the lungs after pulmonary infection. Vaccinated IL-12Rβ2−/− mice lacking CD4+ T cells had significantly less IFN-γ transcript and fewer numbers of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells in the lungs than WT controls ( Fig. 4B ; and data not shown). However, loss of IL-12 signaling did not affect lung transcript expression of IL-17A or IL-4, nor the recruited numbers of IL-17A, GM-CSF or TNFα –producing CD8+ T cells ( Fig. 4B ; data not shown). Collectively our data suggest that lack of IL-12 signaling in CD4+ T-cell deficient hosts impairs Tc1 (IFN-γ) responses, but this neither skews Tc17 responses nor alters vaccine resistance mediated by these cells against lethal pulmonary blastomycosis. Th17 immunity promotes infiltration and activation of neutrophils to sites of infection. We studied the mode of action of Tc17 cells and tested whether neutrophils promote Tc17 vaccine immunity against Blastomyces. To address this, we used IL-17RA−/− mice in which IL-17A signaling is abolished on responding cells, including neutrophils, and analyzed LFA-1+ neutrophils in the BAL fluid in vaccinated CD4+ T-cell depleted mice after challenge. The frequency of LFA-1+ neutrophils recruited to the lungs was significantly higher in vaccinated WT mice compared to vaccinated IL-17RA−/− mice or unvaccinated controls ( Fig. 5A ). To functionally test the role of neutrophils in vaccine resistance, we used monoclonal antibody to selectively deplete Ly6G+ neutrophils during the effector phase or recall response to pulmonary infection. Vaccinated WT mice that were depleted of neutrophils had 37-fold more lung CFU than WT controls given rat IgG ( Fig. 5B ). Unvaccinated WT mice depleted of neutrophils also had higher lung CFU values than control littermates that got rat IgG – approximately 17-fold ( Fig. 5B ). Thus, a significant component of the resistance mediated by neutrophils was attributable to vaccination in WT mice. In contrast, in IL-17RA−/− mice, depletion of neutrophils had a negligible effect on lung CFUs in vaccinated mice (and also unvaccinated mice). Thus, IL-17 signaling is essential for the infiltration and activation of neutrophils in vaccinated mice depleted of CD4+ T cells. These data suggest that Tc17 cells employ neutrophils as a mode of action in mediating vaccine immunity against fungal infection. We considered that neutrophils recruited in response to IL-17 in vaccinated mice might be responsible for exuberant immunity and excessive damage. To address this issue, we analyzed lung histopathology (Fig. S3). Vaccinated mice deficient in IL-17 signaling had extensive lung inflammation after infection, whereas vaccinated wild-type mice had the least inflamed lungs. IL-17A−/− mice gave similar results (data not shown). Thus, IL-17 was associated with better control of the infection and less inflamed lungs rather than more inflammation in this model. We investigated elements that regulate the differentiation of Tc17 cells that mediate anti-fungal vaccine immunity. In many fungal infection models, Dectin-1 and IL-1 are instrumental for the induction of Th17 cells . In a recent study , IL-1 was found to be indispensable during differentiation of Th17 cells, whereas IL-6 was required at some but not all compartments. We looked into these pathways since little is known about the differentiation of anti-fungal Tc17 cells. The differentiation of Tc17 cells was unimpaired in vaccinated Dectin-1−/− and IL1-R1−/− mice depleted of CD4+ T cells as compared to vaccinated WT littermates. The numbers of Tc17 cells in the lung during recall responses were comparable among these groups (Fig. S4A & B, and S5A). Similarly, vaccinated Dectin-1−/− and IL-1R1−/− mice depleted of CD4+ T cells were as resistant to pulmonary infection as vaccinated WT littermates. Each group had lung CFU values nearly 6 logs lower than unvaccinated controls ( Fig. 6A & B ). In contrast, vaccinated IL-6−/− mice depleted of CD4+ T cells harbored ≈3 logs more lung CFU after challenge compared to vaccinated WT mice, even though vaccinated IL-6−/− mice were significantly more resistant than unvaccinated WT littermates ( Fig. 6C ). The numbers of Tc17 cells detected in the dLNs and spleen of vaccinated mice and in their lungs after challenge were significantly lower in IL-6−/− mice as compared to WT mice ( Fig. 6D & S5B). Thus, IL-6 was essential for the induction of Tc17 cells and anti-fungal vaccine immunity, whereas both Dectin-1 and IL-1R1, were each dispensable for the induction of Tc17 cells and vaccine-induced resistance in CD4+ T-cell depleted mice. We have found that the chemokine receptor, CXCR3 mediates the recruitment of vaccine-induced anti-fungal IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells . The chemokine receptor CCR6 is thought to be preferentially associated with Th17 cells , but its expression and function on Tc17 cells has not been studied. We examined the expression of chemokine receptors on vaccine induced Tc17 cells and their function in recruiting these cells into the lung. Following vaccination and analysis of cells in dLNs, nearly 70% of Tc17 cells expressed either CXCR3 or CCR6, whereas IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells preferentially expressed CXCR3 ( Fig. 7A ). Among Tc17 cells that were recruited to the lungs of vaccinated mice after infection, the expression of CCR6 (84%) was much higher than that of CXCR3 (49%) ( Fig. 7B ). In view of co-expression of these receptors on a substantial number of Tc17 cells, we tested their functional role in recruitment to the lung. Antibody blocking of the CXCR3 receptor during recall did not affect recruitment of Tc17 cells (data not shown), although it did affect the recall of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells . To test the role of CCR6 on Tc17 cells, we neutralized its chemokine ligand CCL20 during the effector phase (or recall response) after infection. Recruitment of Tc17 cells was sharply reduced in mice that received α-CCL20 as compared to control rat IgG ( Fig. 7C ). Treatment with α-CCL20 did not perturb the infiltration of IFN-γ+ or IL-2+ CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, TNF-α-producing CD8+ T cells were also reduced in mice treated with α-CCL20, but the reduction in double positive cells (TNFα+IL-17+) could not account for the reduction of total TNFα+ CD8+ T cells ( Fig. 7C & data not shown). Thus, CCR6 mediates the recruitment of Tc17 cells to the lung during recall after pulmonary fungal infection. Th17 cells reportedly survive poorly after Listeria infection due to their inability to maintain CD27 expression . However, we recently found that Tc17 and Tc1 cells can be recalled into the lungs even after 6 months of rest in vaccinated CD4+ T-cell deficient hosts, suggesting that they can persist . Consistent with our findings, a recent study found that, irrespective of CD27 expression, Th17 cells can exhibit stem-cell like features and survive for long periods in a manner that correlates with expression of the stem-cell like transcription factor TCF-.1 . We therefore assessed the surface and transcriptional profile of Tc17 cells, while also contrasting it with Tc1 cells. After fungal vaccination, Tc17 cells are mainly CD43hi (~93%), ~70% are CD27hi and most are also CD62Llo (~80%) ( Fig. 8A ). In sharp contrast, IFN-γ+ Tc1 cells are chiefly CD43lo (~7%), CD27hi (~98%), and CD62Lhi. Tc17 cells expressed the lineage-specific transcription factor RORγt and showed a phenotypic profile of memory precursors i.e. KLRG1lo and TCF-1hi ( Fig. 8B & 8C , and S6 ). Expression of the T17 prototypic transcription factor RORγt correlated strongly with the expression of TCF-1 ( Fig. 8C ; r=0.80). These data suggest that fungal vaccine-induced Tc17 cells are full effector cells, but portray a stem cell-like phenotype that has been observed in memory T-cell precursors . Our study shows that Tc17 cells can be induced irrespective of CD4+ T cell help upon fungal vaccination. Like Th17 cells, Tc17 cells are non-redundant in mediating fungal resistance . We used four different approaches to eliminate IL-17 or its activity in vaccinated CD4 depleted mice: neutralizing antibody against IL-17A or soluble IL-17A receptor during recall responses and IL-17A and IL-17RA knockout mice. All indicated an unequivocal and distinct role for IL-17A in vaccine resistance in CD4 depleted mice. Our data do not formally prove that Tc17 cells mediate vaccine resistance in this model, since it is impossible to selectively deplete Tc17 cells while leaving behind other Il-17 producing lymphoid cells. Yet, the fact that nearly 85% of the IL-17A producing cells in the lung of vaccinated CD4-depleted mice are CD8+ T cells, and that depletion of CD8+ T cells in this model eliminates vaccine resistance supports our conclusion that Tc17 cells are non-redundant and indispensable for vaccine resistance in this model. In a M. tuberculosis infection model, Th17 cells mediated resistance by recruiting anti-bacterial Th1 cells into the lungs. However, our studies with IL-17A and IL-17A receptor knockout mice showed that the recruitment of functional anti-fungal Tc1 cells was not impaired in this setting. Yet, the fungal clearance was dramatically blunted in the absence of Tc17 cells, indicating the unique and indispensable role of Tc17 cells in anti-fungal resistance. We did not see significant numbers of dual type I and type 17 cytokine-producing T cells during recall responses on pulmonary infection (data not shown). Our observations are in line with the recent study in a Klebsiella infection model where Th17 cells conferred distinct anti-microbial function independent of Th1 immunity . Our previous work showed that Tc1 immunity in CD4+ T cell deficient hosts was pivotal for vaccine-induced resistance against blastomycosis and histoplasmosis . The type 1 cytokines IFN-γ, TNFα and GM-CSF played critical and overlapping roles in the clearance of pulmonary fungal infection. Our current study adds the additional cytokine IL-17A produced from CD8+ T cells. In fact, when IL-12 signaling is nullified, vaccine-induced resistance was intact even though there were reduced numbers of IFN-γ producing cells. Unlike the situation of CD4+ T-cell immunity in A. fumigatus infection , we found that a lack of IL-12 signaling did not abate or enhance Tc17 cells, indicating minimal cross-talk between the two pathways - Tc1 and Tc17 - in our model of anti-fungal vaccine immunity. Moreover, Tc17 cells mediate anti-fungal vaccine immunity independently of Tc1 cells. Tc17 immunity did not influence Tc1 immunity, and vice versa, suggesting the unique, indispensable role of Tc17 cells for fungal resistance in the absence of CD4+ T cells. Although the anti-microbial actions of IL-17A are under investigation, several studies have reported its role in recruiting and activating neutrophils . Here, we showed that Tc17 cells likely play a critical role in activating neutrophils. Depletion of neutrophils during the efferent/recall response reduced fungal clearance and this effect was dependent on IL-17A signaling since there was no effect of depletion on fungal resistance in IL-17RA knockout mice. Dectin-1 promotes anti-fungal defense by inducing Th17 cells in the setting of infection with C. albicans, A. fumigatus, and P. carinii , , . Dectin-1 can promote the induction of Th17 cells by inhibiting Th1 differentiation . Our work shows that Dectin-1 is dispensable for eliciting Tc17 cells and promoting vaccine resistance to Blastomyces in CD4+ T-cell deficient hosts. Similarly, IL-1R1, which has been shown to be essential for the induction of Th17 cells in different microbial or non-microbial models, was found here to be dispensable for inducing Tc17 and controlling fungal infection in vaccinated CD4+ T-cell deficient hosts. Conversely, we found that a classical inducer of the Th17 lineage, IL-6, was essential in induction of Tc17 cells. It is noteworthy that Dectin-1 activation leads to production of IL-1, which in turn can induce and amplify production of IL-6 , , . Our work indicated that even though IL-6 is required for induction of Tc17, its production was independent of Dectin-1 or IL-1 receptor signaling suggesting the involvement of different pathogen-recognition receptor(s). Further studies may reveal distinct or overlapping functions of different PRRs in the induction of IL-6. Th17 cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6, which promotes their trafficking to mucosal surfaces , . Although T cells may co-express different chemokine receptors, CCR6 is distinctly expressed on Th17 cells , due to the upstream influence of the transcription factor RORγt. Conversely, CXCR3 regulates the trafficking of type 1 cytokine producing cells . Surprisingly, we observed that Tc17 cells expressed both CXCR3 and CCR6 in the dLNs and after recall to the lungs . We did not see dual expression of IFN-γ and IL-17A in these Tc17 cells. Nevertheless, CCL20 neutralization and CXCR3 blocking experiments showed that CCR6 but not CXCR3 is critical in mobilizing Tc17 cells from lymphoid organs to the lungs for vaccine resistance against fungal pneumonia. This feature of dual chemokine receptor expression marks an additional layer of Tc17 differentiation following fungal vaccination. Dual expression may be due to Tc17 plasticity during the initial differentiation stages after vaccination or a stochastic phenomenon of these T cells. CD4+ T cell help was dispensable for the induction of Tc17 cells and their recall to the lung. This finding may have implications for designing anti-fungal vaccines targeted to immune-compromised patients. Although CD8+ memory immunity against bacteria and viruses wanes quickly in the absence of CD4+ T cell help , we have found that vaccine induced anti-fungal CD8+ T cells do acquire long-term memory and can be maintained in the absence of CD4+ T cell help . While antigen-specific Th17 cells have been thought to be short lived , and exhibit plasticity toward a Th1 phenotype , a recent study found that Th17 cells evince stem-cell likeness and multi-potency in cytokine production . Such Th17 cells displayed a unique transcriptional signature allowing them, despite plasticity and conversion toward a Th1 phenotype, to retain their ability to produce type 17 cytokines and reject tumors more effectively than distinct Th1 lineage cells. Here, we found that Tc17 cells were indispensible in vaccine resistance to lethal fungal infection in mice rested for a month after vaccination. Indeed, in a recent study , we found that Tc17 cells persisted 6 months after vaccination in CD4+ deficient hosts and could be recalled to the lungs after challenge (though we did not test their role in resistance). In the current study, we extend those findings by demonstrating that the phenotype and transcription factor profile of these Tc17 cells after vaccination, even in the absence of CD4+ T cells, show features that portend long-term persistence and stem-cell likeness. Herein, vaccine induced effector Tc17 cells were distinct in their surface phenotype as compared to effector Tc1 cells. They were chiefly CD43hi and CD62Llo. The role of CD43 on Tc17 cells has not been studied, but other work has shown that it promotes expansion, contraction and tissue trafficking , . CD43 expression on CD8+ T cells has been associated with enhanced clonal burst size during the expansion phase and increased tissue trafficking, suggesting its positive role during the early phase of an immune response , . During later phases, it potentiates apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, down-regulating immune responses and immunopathology . Thus, CD43 on Tc17 cells after fungal vaccination may promote tissue trafficking to the lungs or tone down immunopathology associated with IL-17A production. Although we have shown that Tc17 cells are maintained in vaccinated mice , we did not assess CD43 expression on those cells. CD43 may be down regulated on these persistent cells, or alternatively, CD43 function may differ on persistent anti-fungal Tc17 cells versus anti-viral Tc1 cells . Vaccine induced Tc17 were fully differentiated effectors, but not terminally differentiated as indicated by their phenotype: CD44hi, CD43hi, CD62Llo, KLRG-1lo and TCF-1hi. Only ~20% of Tc17 cells were CD62Lhi denoting them as central memory cells. The remaining 80% of Tc17 cells were CD62Llo yet also KLRG-1lo and TCF-1hi suggesting they have the propensity to become memory cells , , . Although, we did not look at the long-term fate of these cells, an important question is whether they remain as effector memory cells and traffic to peripheral tissues or convert into a central memory phenotype during the memory phase. TCF-1 can repress T17 lineage development by directly binding the IL-17A locus , . Here, we showed that RORγt expression in Tc17 cells was strongly correlated with the expression of TCF-1. It is possible that the quality or strength of the fungal vaccine signal for Tc17 cell differentiation was sufficient to convert them to fully but not terminally differentiated effector cells without down-regulating TCF-1, and to overcome TCF-1 inhibition of IL-17A expression. The quality and quantity of TCR signals regulating TCF-1 require further investigation. Understanding the features that foster the long-term survival and function of Tc17 cells are important for developing vaccine strategies that prevent fatal fungal disease in immune-compromised patients, where Tc17 cells are known to exert and indispensable role in protective immunity. All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. Care was taken to minimize animal suffering. The work was done with the approval of the IACUC of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Wild type C57BL/6 mice were obtained from the National Cancer Institute. Breeder pairs of IL17ra−/− and IL17a−/− mice were provided by Amgen and Jay Kolls (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA), respectively. Breeder pairs of Il12rb2−/− B6.129S1-Il12rβ2tm1Jm/J (stock 3248); Il1r1−/− B6.129S7-Il1r1tm1Imx/J (stock 003245); B6.129S2-Il6tm1Kopf/J (stock 002650); C57BL/6-Tg (TcrαTcrβ) 1100Mjb/J (stock 003831) mice (referred to as OT-I mice in this paper); B6.129S2-Cd4tm1Mak/J (stock 002663); and T lymphocyte–specific Thy 1.1 allele-carrying congenic B6 strain B6.PL-Thy1a/Cy (stock 000406) were purchased from Jackson Laboratories. OT-I Tg mice were bred on Thy1.1 congenic mice to generate Thy1.1+ OT-I Tg mice. Dectin-1−/− mice were a kind gift from Dr. Gordon Brown (University of Aberdeen, Scotland). All mice were 7–8 weeks of age at the time of experiments. Mice were housed and cared for according to strict guidelines of the University of Wisconsin Animal Care Committee, who approved all aspects of this work. The wild-type virulent strain of Blastomyces dermatitidis is American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 26199 and was obtained from ATCC. The isogenic, attenuated mutant lacking BAD1, designated strain #55, was used for vaccination. Isolates of B. dermatitidis were maintained as yeast on Middlebrook 7H10 agar with oleic acid-albumin complex (Sigma-Aldrich) at 39°C. For OT-I responses, recombinant strain #55 carrying the OT-I epitope, ovalbumin SIINFEKL, was used for vaccination and was maintained as isolates of strain #55 as described . In some of the experiments, H. capsulatum strain G21B was used, which was maintained on Histoplama Macrophage Medium (HMM) plates. OT-I cells from lymph nodes and spleens of OT-I Tg mice were purified using CD8+ T-cell negative enrichment magnetic beads kit (BD Biosciences). A total of 1×106 naïve OT-I cells were adoptively transferred to naïve congenic mice by the intravenous (i.v.) route. Mice were vaccinated with 105–106 yeast of attenuated B. dermatitidis (#55 strain) by the subcutaneous (s.c.) route at each of two sites, dorsally and at the base of the tail. For challenge studies, mice were infected intratracheally (i.t.) with ~2×103 yeast of the isogenic wild-type strain of B. dermatitidis, ATCC 26199. To assess yeast burden, lungs were homogenized before plating on brain heart infusion (BHI; Difco) agar. For OT-I T cell studies, mice were vaccinated with 106–107yeast of recombinant vaccine strain #55 yeast expressing OVA SIINFEKL. All experimental mice, unless stated, were depleted of CD4+ T-cells with monoclonal antibody GK1.5 (Biovest International Inc./NCCC, MN) using a weekly dose of 100 µg given by the i.v. route. The efficiency of depletion of CD4+ T cells was ≥99% as measured by flow cytometry ; ≈5% of depleted cells are Thy1.2 negative. Lymphocytes from the draining lymph nodes (dLNs), spleen and lung were obtained after homogenization and lysis of RBCs. Cells were re-stimulated with anti-CD3 (clone 145-2C11; 0.1 µg/ml) and anti-CD28 (clone 37.51; 1 µg/ml) in the presence of Golgi-Stop for 5 hrs at 37°C. Following incubation, cells were washed and surface stained with anti-Thy1.1, anti-CD8α and anti-CD44 antibodies. In some experiments, cells were also stained with anti-CD27, anti-CD43 (1B11), anti-KLRG-1 and anti-CD62L antibodies. Cells were washed to remove unbound antibodies and were fixed and permeabilized using a Cytofix/Cytoperm kit. Cells were then stained for intracellular cytokines using anti-IFN-γ, anti-IL-17A, anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-2 antibodies. For staining of chemokine receptors, anti-CCR6 and anti-CXCR3 antibodies were added during surface staining. All antibodies and staining reagents were obtained from BD Biosciences except for the anti-CXCR3 antibody, which was obtained from Biolegend. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. ~2×106 bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were incubated with ~2×106 CFU of heat-killed vaccine yeast overnight at 37°C. On the following day, ~1×106 dLNs cells or lung cells were added to the culture along with Golgi stop and incubated for an additional 5 hrs. Cells were subjected to surface and intracellular staining before flow cytometric analysis. To neutralize soluble IL-17A, mice were given 100 µg of anti-IL-17A mAb by the i.v. route on days 0, 2 and 4 after pulmonary infection as described , which efficiently neutralizes IL-17 . To neutralize IL-17 with the soluble receptor, mice were infected with recombinant adenovirus expressing soluble IL-17RA at a dose of 2–4×109 pfu on days −3 and −1 (i.v. route) and on day 0 (i.t. route at the time of Blastomyces infection). As a control, we used adenovirus AdLuc expressing luciferase (provided by Jay Kolls and propagated by the Vector Core lab at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI). For neutralization of chemokine CCL20, mice were given ~90 µg of α-mouse CCL20 mAb (R&D Systems) by the i.v. route. A total of 10 ml of BAL fluid was harvested by repetitive instillation of 1 ml cold PBS plus 0.05% EDTA via the i.t. route. Cells were washed and re-suspended in FACS buffer and surface stained with Violet Live/Dead stain (Molecular Probes/Invitrogen), Ly6G-APC (clone 1A8), LFA1-PE, CD11b-PECy7, Ly6G-APC, and 7/4-biotin with streptavidin PerCPCy5.5 (BD Bioscience). Cells were kept on ice throughout the procedure. Cells were fixed and analyzed by flow cytometry. Vaccinated and unvaccinated mice were injected by the i.v. route with 100 µg of anti-mouse Ly6G mAb (clone 1A8; BioXCell) on days 0, 2, and 4. Depletion (99% efficient) was confirmed by FACS analysis of cells in the lung homogenate. As a control, mice were given similar amounts of rat IgG antibody (Sigma-Aldrich). Cells from dLNs were harvested, stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 at 37°C for 5 hrs in the presence of Golgi-stop. In some experiments, TAPI-2 was added to inhibit shedding of CD62L . Following incubation, cells were surface stained in FACS buffer. Cells were then fixed/permeabilized using Phosflow Lyse/Fix buffer and Phosflow Perm/Wash buffer I (BD Biosciences), blocked with buffer containing normal goat sera and stained with rabbit anti-mouse TCF-1, anti-IL-17A, anti-IFNγ and RORγt. As a control for antibody staining, we blocked the staining antibody with the peptide used to generate TCF-1 antibody (Cell Signaling Technology). After washing, cells were stained with goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody. Cells were washed and analyzed by flow cytometry. Statistical significance of differences in fungal lung CFU was measured by the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test. All other statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed unpaired Student t test. A two-tailed P value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Tc17 cells are recalled in the lung in the absence of CD4+ T cells upon Histoplasma capsulatum infection. Mice were vaccinated s.c. with ~106 cfu of H. capsulatum yeast. A weekly dose of 100 µg GK1.5 mAb was used to deplete CD4+ T cells. After 8–9 wks, mice were challenged intratracheally with sublethal dose of 2×105 cfu and 4 days later the lungs were harvested to analyze cytokine producing CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry. A. Dot plot shows percent CD8+ T cells expressing IL-17A in CD4+ T-cell sufficient and depleted mice. B. Total number of cytokine-producing CD8+ T cells/lung in CD4+ T-cell sufficient and depleted groups. Values are mean ± SD of 3–5 mice/group. *, p<0.05. IL-17A producing cells in the lung of vaccinated mice after infection. Mice were depleted of CD4+ T cells, vaccinated and intratracheally infected as described in Fig. 1 and and2.2. Lung cells were harvested, re-stimulated and assessed for IL-17A producing cells by flow cytometry. The numbers in the plot indicate the percent of cells among lymphocyte-gated total lung cells. Pulmonary inflammation in vaccinated mice in the absence of IL-17A signaling following infection. Mice were depleted of CD4+ T cells, vaccinated and intratracheally infected as described in Fig. 1 and and2.2. Lung tissues were collected and stored in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Lung tissue sections were taken and stained with H&E for histopathology studies. Upper panels images are at 40× magnification; lower panels are at 200×. Vaccinated wild-type mice have mostly a peribronchiolar pattern of inflammation (asterisks), while the knockout mice exhibit mostly a perivascular pattern (arrows). Nodular bronchocentric foci of inflammation with bronchiolar exudate are present in the knockout mice (B), but these foci of inflammation are rare in wild type mice (A). The peribronchiolar and perivascular infiltrates in both wild-type (C) and knock out (D) mice are composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, few intact neutrophils, and rare histiocytes. In contrast, the bronchiolar exudate (asterisks) and peribronchiolar nodular infiltrates are primarily histocytic with fewer neutrophils and lymphocytes (D). Dispensability of Dectin-1 and IL-1R1 signaling for vaccine-induced Tc17 cells recruited to the lung. Groups of wild-type and Dectin-1−/− mice were depleted of CD4+ T-cells and vaccinated as described in Fig. 2. Two weeks after the boost, mice were challenged intratracheally with 2×103 cfu of wild-type yeast. Four days later, mice were sacrificed; lungs were harvested and analyzed for intracellular cytokine staining by flow cytometry. Total number of cytokine producing CD8+ T cells in Dectin-1−/− (A) and IL-1R1−/− (B) and wild-type mice. Values are mean ± SD of 5–6 mice/group. Non-redundant role of IL-6, but not Dectin-1 or IL-1R1 signaling for vaccine-induced differentiation of Tc17 cells in the draining lymph nodes. Mice were depleted of CD4+ T-cells and vaccinated as described in Fig. 2. Skin-draining LNs and spleens were harvested 14 to 28 days after boosting to analyze cytokine producing CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry. Percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing IFN-γ or IL-17A in Dectin-1−/− and IL-1R1−/− mice (A) and IL-6−/− mice (B). Values are mean ± SD of 3–4 mice/group. Phenotypic attributes of IFN-γ+ Tc1 cells following vaccination. Mice were depleted of CD4+ T-cells and vaccinated as described in Fig. 8. Skin-draining LNs were harvested 19 days later to analyze phenotypic attributes of KLRG-1 and TCF-1 expression among IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells. Values are mean ± SD of 4 mice/group. Data is representative of two independent experiments. We thank Amgen and Jay Kolls for providing IL-17ra−/− and IL-17a−/− mice; Gordon Brown for providing Dectin-1−/− mice; Amgen for gifting IL-17A neutralizing antibody; and Tom Sullivan for technical assistance in generating recombinant yeast. The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This work was supported by a grant from the NIH. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript	<urn:uuid:74094478-3d44-4e69-900b-e06c11748e38>	CC-MAIN-2017-47	http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3400565/?lang=en-ca	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806844.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20171123161612-20171123181612-00566.warc.gz	en	0.943868	10,566	2.515625	3
This is a working quarry where scientists conduct on-going research. There is a large visitor center featuring many exhibits. Visitor facilities are open daily during the summer and Fri-Sun during spring and fall. They close for the season at the end of October and reopen in early March. Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry is one of the world’s foremost dinosaur fossil sources. More than 12,000 individual bones and one dinosaur egg have come from this prolific fossil bed. It is likely that many “complete skeletons” have been recovered, although it is impossible to state that with certainty because the bones are in a disarticulated state. Today, at the Visitor Center you can see a complete Allosaur skeletal reconstruction and a Stegosaur wall mount. At the quarry you can view the work in progress in a covered building, where you can see actual bones in place. Recognized worldwide as the primary source of fossilized bones from the flesh-eating Allosaur, the quarry was designated a National Natural Landmark in 1966. University of Utah scientists began studies in 1929. Princeton University did extensive work, financed by Malcomb Lloyd, in 1939-41 to obtain a museum exhibit. Because of the proximity to Cleveland, Utah, it became known as the Cleveland-Lloyd Quarry. In 1960 the University of Utah commenced a 5-year project with several cooperating schools and museums including Brigham Young University and the College of Eastern Utah. Dr. William Lee Stokes was in charge of this ambitious project with assistance from James H. Madsen, Jr. In 2001, the University of Utah resumed investigations into the deposit. The focus this time around is more on trying to figure out what happened to produce such a magnificent collection rather than on just collecting more museum specimens. Over the years, bones have been taken from the quarry representing at least 70 different animals and 11 species. Cast and original skeletons assembled from these bones are on display in over 60 museums world-wide, including the College of Eastern Utah’s Prehistoric Museum in Price. Many theories have been proposed over the years to explain this mysterious deposit. Everything from river deposit to lake deposit to swampy bog to something involving earthquakes has been brought forward and dismissed by serious scientists. The latest theory produced by the U of U’s recent work invokes a scenario of a watering hole in a drought-stricken land. While very promising, this theory too, has a few holes in it that may mean it isn’t what really happened. But whatever did happen, the bones are there and have been for 147 million years. Covered by terrestrial deposits such as floodplain material, river channel, lake deposits, and volcanic ash for the next 50 million years, an interior seaway covered the area and added the weight of it’s marine mud for another 20 million years. More terrestrial deposits were added for the next 40 million years until finally erosion took over and started to remove all the covering rock. The bones are now close enough to the surface to be recovered by scientific excavations. Two-thirds of the bones uncovered are from Allosaurus, one of the largest carnivore of the Jurassic period. Also present are plant-eating Stegosaurus, Camarasaurus and Camptosaurus. In the mid 1970’s James H. Madsen Jr. described two previously unknown dinosaurs from bones discovered here. These small carnivores were known as Stokesosaurus clevelandi and Marshosaurus bicentesimus. The quarry is located 30 miles south of Price, Utah, at the end of a graded road. Look for the “dinosaur” signs at road intersections. Room-size boulders scattered about the area create a unique setting for the exhibit buildings, picnic facilities, and the self-guided Rock Walk Nature Trail. The quarry is open weekends; Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays (weather permitting) from early in March until Memorial Day, and daily from Memorial Day through Labor Day weekend. The schedule goes back to weekends-only for September and October. Hours are from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m except on Sundays when open hours are noon to 5 p.m. For additional information, call the BLM office in Price, Utah at (435) 636-3600. There is one of the federal government’s “Fee Demonstration Project” sites. There is an entrance fee of $5 per adult. Anyone under 16 gets in free. All of the funds collected stay right at the site and are used for operations and improvements. Windows To The Past Please remember, fossilized bones of dinosaurs and other vertebrate animals contain valuable information from the past. When fossils are removed or damaged in any way, much of what they can tell us is lost forever. We each have a responsibility to help preserve historically significant sites. Dinosaur bones are a rare and non-renewable resource. Anyone discovering these fossils should report their find to the nearest BLM office, or to the Utah Division of State History. Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry was designated as a National Natural Landmark in 1966 and is protected under the Historic Sites Act of 1935. Please do not collect fossils, rocks, plants, or animals.	<urn:uuid:693b4361-53e9-4eb5-bfe6-ad25a0fdf5a8>	CC-MAIN-2017-26	http://destinationgreenriver.com/cleveland-lloyd-dinosaur-quarry/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321025.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627064714-20170627084714-00471.warc.gz	en	0.953987	1,080	3.46875	3
College: You Can Do It! An increased awareness of the contributions and of rights of individuals with disabilities has expanded post-secondary and employment options for many people. However, there are still special challenges that people with disabilities face in pursuing academics and careers. Planning ahead can help assure success along the way. If you are planning to attend college and pursue a career, it may be helpful for you to think of your transitions from high school to college to careers as three phases: Technology can play a key role in your success though all phases. Preparing for the Transition to College Computer and network resources are essential tools in many college and work settings. Adaptive technologies make it possible for people with a variety of disabilities to make use of these powerful tools. Take advantage of opportunities in high school to learn about and use computers. Develop skills in word processing, file management, and spreadsheets. Learn to use the Internet for communication and information access. Getting to college involves thoughtful preparation. Call the institutions that you hope to attend to find out about entrance requirements. Talk with teachers and school counselors. If you are not able to meet specific entrance requirements during high school, consider attending a local community college to obtain the course requirements you are lacking. The grade point average (GPA) you obtain in high school may be an important entrance consideration at your college of choice. Work hard to earn grades that are as high as possible. Pre-college examination (e.g., SAT, PSAT) scores may also be important for acceptance into the college of your choice. Talk to a school counselor or teacher about disability-related test-taking accommodations ahead of time. Appropriate accommodations can help you maximize your efforts and demonstrate your abilities to their fullest when taking an exam. If you earn a lower score than you feel capable of, ask about the possibility of re-taking the exam. When sending an application to a post-secondary institution, you are essentially sending a portrait of yourself-- your grades, coursework, recommendations, personal goals, and abilities. Take time to present a full, positive picture of yourself. Before you send it to a college, have someone proof-read a draft and give you constructive feedback. Consider using your computer to create an attractive format and print your final copy on a high-quality printer. Life in college is full of expenses, expected and unexpected. There are resources to assist with and, in some cases, fully cover costs such as tuition, books, rent, lab fees, adaptive technology, and application fees. Start early and talk to teachers, counselors, offices of disabled student services, financial aid office, and undergraduate support programs at institutions you wish to attend. Resources are not the same at each post-secondary institution. Knowing your needs and how they can be met is an important factor when selecting a college. Be sure to check out the availability of computer and Internet access at each school - make sure that access is from within facilities that are accessible to you and from workstations with the adaptive technology that you need. Staying in College Your computer skills will serve you well when it comes to being more independent and productive in college and beyond. Take advantage of the computer and Internet training opportunities at eh college or university you attend. Free or low-cost non-credit training can help you perform writing tasks, statistical operations, and research. If you need special accommodations, be sure to make specific requests in advance of the training session so that staff have enough time to make arrangements. The disabled student services office on campus may be able to help you get the accommodations you need if you have difficulties working out arrangements with the training staff. Being in college means managing a demanding schedule. It is important to develop and utilize self-advocacy, self-management, and study skills. Self-advocacy skills include knowing how to skillfully initiate action and interact with faculty, staff, and other students to obtain support services necessary for your learning needs. If you require accommodations, you are the one who must recognize the need, make the initial contacts, follow up on these contacts, and maintain the necessary actions to receive the services needed. Self-management skills include planning your academic and personal schedule and developing and maintaining academic and personal routines that are reasonable and manageable on a day-to-day basis. Take into account your abilities and strengths as well as your disabilities. For some individuals, strength and ability may vary daily -- flexibility may be an important factor. Use your computer to extend your strength and abilities. You may find it necessary to utilize assistance from campus offices as well as outside resources. There resources can be steady and continuous, or merely temporary. In many instances, a service that provides assistance requires ongoing attention. For example, to continue receiving some services updates on progress, status reports, and/or renewal requests may be required. Factoring these requirements into a regular schedule of activities will assure continuity of services. Try using your computer to help organize these management tasks. Developing and employing effective and efficient study skill entail developing effective strategies for note taking during lectures and labs, accessing information, reading, studying, test-taking, and communicating with faculty. Development of each skill is important in order to have effective overall study habits. If your study skills are weak, ask a counselor if study skill courses are available on you campus. Consider using a laptop computer for note taking and for organizing your class notes. Try using the Internet for planning library research, obtaining information, and communicating with instructors. Moving Beyond College Working toward a career should begin early in your college life. Making prudent choices academically (e.g., choosing a major, selecting appropriate coursework, obtaining work experience) can assist you in making your career choices. Seek advice from family members, teachers, school counselors, and career guidance counselors when choosing a direction that is best for you. Employers like to hire people with relevant job experiences. Yet, often people with disabilities who graduate from college do not have these experiences. The cooperative education or career placement office at the post-secondary institution you attend may have information about part-time employment opportunities. If job opportunities are not available through campus resources, look outside campus for positions. In addition, make efforts to obtain other relevant experiences, including volunteer work and self-study. Hers' an area where your computer skills may pay off financially. Setting up and supporting World Wide Web sites, performing word processing tasks, entering data, and using statistical programs are some of the many part-time opportunities that can be found on and off campus. Part time jobs using technology look great on your resume! To begin building a resume, make a list of all relevant work experiences (paid and volunteer), academic experience, and relevant activities and skills. Don't forget to list your experiences in using technology -- everyone wants to hire someone with computer and networking experiences these days, regardless of career field. List the software packages you have used and the types of Internet experiences you have had. Seek advice from campus career advisors for selecting appropriate styles and formats of resumes depending on the type of fob for which you are applying. Produce it on a computer and print it on a high quality printer. When it comes to finding a job during college or after, make use of your contacts with individuals inside and outside of your area. Network through professional organizations, friends, family, and coworkers because ti is often who you know, as well as what you know, that will help you find employment. Let people know about your skills, interests, and career goals. As you can see, the computer and networking skills you develop today will prove to be useful as you prepare for college, attend college, and seek employment after graduation. You'll probably find them helpful once you get settled into your new job, too! For more information: DO-IT (Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology) at the University of Washington provides printed materials for free as well as a videotape, "College, You can do it!" for $20 (note: current price is $25). DO-IT, primarily funded by the National Science Foundation, can be reached at Electronic materials are abundant on the Internet. A good starting point for finding resources electronically is the DO-IT World Wide Web home page at http://www.washington.edu/doit/ The following helpful hints emerge from the personal experiences of participants in DO-IT (Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology.) Most have disabilities themselves and are in college or are pursuing careers. - Know yourself. Evaluate your strengths, abilities, skills, and values. - Prepare early for going to college and pursuing a career, at least by your Sophomore year of high school. - Research different options for colleges. - Before classes begin at the school you plan to attend, work with the disabled student services office to assure that appropriate accommodations will be available when school starts. - Learn to use technology to maximize your independence and productivity in communication, course participation, information access, research, and test taking. - Plan, organize, and evaluate your needs so that support service units can work together to make sure there are no gaps in necessary assistance. - Seek assistance from disabled student, career, and cooperative education services offices on your campus. - Request aid from your professors. Don't be intimidated by them, they are there to help. - Be reasonable about the number of credits you take, especially the first quarter. Sometimes, starting out by taking only a few credits will help make your first college experiences more positive and less stressful than they would be with a heavier class load. - Take some courses that look like fun to you as well as courses that meet your current academic goals. - Take some time to enjoy the social life on campus-it can be a good way to meet new people and make friends.	<urn:uuid:084b2ec4-d1d6-4184-8282-f6024747473d>	CC-MAIN-2017-43	http://www.washington.edu/doit/college-you-can-do-it-0	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187822822.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20171018070528-20171018090528-00421.warc.gz	en	0.953982	2,013	2.875	3
Increasing efforts to control greenhouse gas emissions and a changing portfolio of energy sources as a result of shale gas production are driving the development of new process technologies for the production of energy and chemicals. One such technology is chemical looping, which utilizes intermediates in chemical reactions to produce a combination of heat, electricity, and chemicals. This technology is amenable to a range of fuel feedstocks and produces a high-purity stream of carbon dioxide that is inherently easy to separate. With extensive pilot-plant testing worldwide and the engagement of an international community of industrial and academic researchers, commercialization of chemical looping processes is expected to occur in the near future, says Liang-Shih Fan of The Ohio State Univ. (OSU) in the January AIChE Journal Perspective article, “Chemical-Looping Technology Platform.” Would you like to reuse content from CEP Magazine? It’s easy to request permission to reuse content. Simply click here to connect instantly to licensing services, where you can choose from a list of options regarding how you would like to reuse the desired content and complete the transaction.	<urn:uuid:92ac2784-1c38-4d58-bb8e-2b2a4bbfe8a9>	CC-MAIN-2020-29	https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2015/january/cep-aiche-journal-highlight-chemical-looping-comes-age	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657134758.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20200712082512-20200712112512-00013.warc.gz	en	0.916419	227	2.78125	3
Table of Contents : Top Suggestions Geometry Polygons Worksheet Answers : Geometry Polygons Worksheet Answers How is a polygon different from other shapes challenge your child to answer that question on this geometry worksheet they will be asked to look at a variety of shapes color in the shapes that are How is a polygon different from other shapes challenge your child to answer that question on this geometry worksheet they will be asked to look at a variety of shapes color in the shapes that are. Geometry Polygons Worksheet Answers Polygon Worksheets Free S With Answer Keys On Angles Free Printable Worksheets With Answer Keys On Polygons Interior Angles Exterior Angles Etc Each Sheet Includes Visual Aides Model Problems And Many Practice Problems Geometry Polygons Worksheets Kiddy Math Geometry Polygons Geometry Polygons Displaying Top 7 Worksheets Found For This Concept Some Of The Worksheets For This Concept Are Bpolygonsb Name The Bpolygonsb Bwork B Name Answer Key 6 Area Of Regular Bpolygonsb Bgeometryb Word Problems Reproducible Bwork B 6 Bpolygonsb And Angles Similar Bpolygonsb Date Period Geometry Worksheets Study Study S Geometry Worksheets Are Created By Expert Teachers And Include Simple Yet Challenging Practice Problems For Topics Like Polygons Geometric Solids And Properties Of Triangles Perimeter Of Regular Polygons Worksheets Find Perimeter Perimeter Worksheets Find Perimeter For Each Figure Geometry Worksheets For 4th Grade And 5th Grade And Middle School Geometry Worksheets With Answer Keys Geometry Worksheets Free Worksheets With Answer Keys Mathworksheetsgo Is Now A Part Of Mathwarehouse All Of Your Worksheets Are Now Here On Mathwarehouse Please Update Your Bookmarks Enjoy These Free Sheets Each One Has Model Problems Worked Out Step By Step Practice Problems As Well As Challenge Questions At The Sheets End Plus Each One Comes With An Answer KeyPolygon Worksheets Teachers Pay Teachers This Worksheet Was Designed To Assess Identifying Polygons It Includes 8 Different Polygons And Places To Label The Shapes Name Number Of Sides And Number Of Vertices It Has This May Also Be Used As A Quick Math Journal Entry The Answer Document Is IncludedGeometry Worksheets Free Math Worksheets Transformations Worksheets For Translations Reflections Rotations And Dilations Practice Here Are Two Quick And Easy Ways To Check Students Answers On The Transformational Geometry Worksheets Below First You Can Line Up The Student S Page And The Answer Page And Hold It Up To The Light Moving Sliding The Pages Slightly Will Show You If3rd Grade Geometry Worksheets K5 Learning Worksheets Math Grade 3 Geometry Grade 3 Geometry Worksheets Our Grade 3 Geometry Worksheets Review Two Dimensional Shapes Particularly Circles Triangles Quadrilaterals And Polygons We Also Focus On The Definition And Classification Of Lines And Angles The Areas And Perimeters Of Rectangular Shapes Are Reviewed As Are The Concepts Of Congruency And Symmetry Basic Geometry Printable Math Worksheets At These Geometry Worksheets Require Students To Identify And Name Basic Quadrilaterals Triangles And Polygons Identifying Shapes Geometry Worksheets Area And Perimeter Of Rectangles 12 Basic Geometry Worksheets The Problems On These Geometry Worksheets Require Students To Calculate The Area And Perimeter Of Rectangles Given Their Dimensions The Worksheets Also Work Great For Geometry Worksheets Math Worksheets 4 Kids Learn About Collinear And Non Collinear Points Answer Questions Based On The Given Figures And Comprehend Concepts Like Coplanar And More Angles Worksheets Navigate Through The Cluster Of Geometry Worksheets Here That Contains Innumerable Exercises From Identifying Naming And Classifying Angles To Finding Angles Formed By A Transversal Triangle Quadrilateral Polygon And Measuring Geometry Polygons Worksheet Answers. The worksheet is an assortment of 4 intriguing pursuits that will enhance your kid's knowledge and abilities. The worksheets are offered in developmentally appropriate versions for kids of different ages. Adding and subtracting integers worksheets in many ranges including a number of choices for parentheses use. You can begin with the uppercase cursives and after that move forward with the lowercase cursives. Handwriting for kids will also be rather simple to develop in such a fashion. If you're an adult and wish to increase your handwriting, it can be accomplished. As a result, in the event that you really wish to enhance handwriting of your kid, hurry to explore the advantages of an intelligent learning tool now! Consider how you wish to compose your private faith statement. Sometimes letters have to be adjusted to fit in a particular space. When a letter does not have any verticals like a capital A or V, the very first diagonal stroke is regarded as the stem. The connected and slanted letters will be quite simple to form once the many shapes re learnt well. Even something as easy as guessing the beginning letter of long words can assist your child improve his phonics abilities. Geometry Polygons Worksheet Answers. There isn't anything like a superb story, and nothing like being the person who started a renowned urban legend. Deciding upon the ideal approach route Cursive writing is basically joined-up handwriting. Practice reading by yourself as often as possible. Research urban legends to obtain a concept of what's out there prior to making a new one. You are still not sure the radicals have the proper idea. Naturally, you won't use the majority of your ideas. If you've got an idea for a tool please inform us. That means you can begin right where you are no matter how little you might feel you've got to give. You are also quite suspicious of any revolutionary shift. In earlier times you've stated that the move of independence may be too early. Each lesson in handwriting should start on a fresh new page, so the little one becomes enough room to practice. Every handwriting lesson should begin with the alphabets. Handwriting learning is just one of the most important learning needs of a kid. Learning how to read isn't just challenging, but fun too. The use of grids The use of grids is vital in earning your child learn to Improve handwriting. Also, bear in mind that maybe your very first try at brainstorming may not bring anything relevant, but don't stop trying. Once you are able to work, you might be surprised how much you get done. Take into consideration how you feel about yourself. Getting able to modify the tracking helps fit more letters in a little space or spread out letters if they're too tight. Perhaps you must enlist the aid of another man to encourage or help you keep focused. Geometry Polygons Worksheet Answers. Try to remember, you always have to care for your child with amazing care, compassion and affection to be able to help him learn. You may also ask your kid's teacher for extra worksheets. Your son or daughter is not going to just learn a different sort of font but in addition learn how to write elegantly because cursive writing is quite beautiful to check out. As a result, if a kid is already suffering from ADHD his handwriting will definitely be affected. Accordingly, to be able to accomplish this, if children are taught to form different shapes in a suitable fashion, it is going to enable them to compose the letters in a really smooth and easy method. Although it can be cute every time a youngster says he runned on the playground, students want to understand how to use past tense so as to speak and write correctly. Let say, you would like to boost your son's or daughter's handwriting, it is but obvious that you want to give your son or daughter plenty of practice, as they say, practice makes perfect. Without phonics skills, it's almost impossible, especially for kids, to learn how to read new words. Techniques to Handle Attention Issues It is extremely essential that should you discover your kid is inattentive to his learning especially when it has to do with reading and writing issues you must begin working on various ways and to improve it. Use a student's name in every sentence so there's a single sentence for each kid. Because he or she learns at his own rate, there is some variability in the age when a child is ready to learn to read. Teaching your kid to form the alphabets is quite a complicated practice. Tags: #polygons worksheets grade 5#5th grade math worksheets polygons#attributes of polygons worksheet#congruent polygons worksheet#using similar polygons worksheet answers#similar figures worksheet answer key#area of irregular polygons worksheets#polygons worksheets printable#missing angles in polygons worksheet#properties of polygons worksheet	<urn:uuid:606b0121-8639-46d9-aabd-544a94f8b104>	CC-MAIN-2020-29	http://hitsradio.us/geometry-polygons-worksheet-answers/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657143365.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713100145-20200713130145-00087.warc.gz	en	0.891894	1,881	3.9375	4
In May 2008, states, environmental groups, and industry groups filed petitions with the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals (Court) for review of the 2008 ozone standards. In March 2009, the Court granted a U.S. EPA request to stay the litigation so that the Obama administration could review the standards and determine whether they should be reconsidered. On September 16, 2009, U.S. EPA announced that it would reconsider the 2008 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for ground-level ozone. The 2008 ozone standards were judged to be not as protective as recommended by U.S. EPA's panel of science advisors, known as the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC). On January 6, 2010, U.S. EPA proposed to strengthen the NAAQS for ground-level ozone, the main component of smog. U.S. EPA's proposal addresses both the primary and secondary ozone NAAQS. Comments will be accepted for 60 days following publication in the Federal Register. U.S. EPA is also planning three (3) public hearings in Arlington, Virginia (February 2, 2010), Houston, Texas (February 2, 2010), and Sacramento, California (February 4, 2010). The primary ozone standard, designed to protect public health, is proposed to be set at a level between 0.060 and 0.070 parts per million (ppm). The form of the primary standard was not reconsidered. The primary ozone standard is averaged over 8-hour periods. The 4th-highest 8-hour value at a particular monitoring location in the most recent year is averaged with the 4th-highest 8-hour value from the previous two (2) years to produce a 3-year average. Compliance with the NAAQS is determined by comparing the 3-year averages to the NAAQS. U.S. EPA is proposing to change both the secondary ozone standard and its form. The current secondary standard is equivalent to the current primary standard and is averaged in the same manner as the primary standard. The proposed new secondary ozone standard is a seasonal standard designed to protect sensitive vegetation from adverse affects resulting from cumulative ozone exposure during the three (3) months when ozone exposure to vegetation is highest. The proposed new secondary standard will be set between 7 and 15 ppm-hrs. The form of the proposed secondary standard is a cumulative peak-weighted index referred to as W126. The calculation of the W126 differs significantly from the calculation procedures for the primary standard. To calculate the W126, individual hourly ozone measurements during each 12-hour daylight period will be 'concentration-weighted,' with more weight assigned to higher concentrations due to disproportionate plant tissue damage at higher ozone concentrations. A cumulative daily value will then be calculated by adding the 12 hourly values, and a cumulative monthly value will be calculated by summing the daily values. The cumulative ozone season value will represent the highest three (3) consecutive cumulative monthly values that occur during the ozone season. Compliance with the proposed secondary ozone NAAQS will be determined by comparing the average maximum seasonal values over three (3) years. The proposal rule can be viewed here. In a related proposal on July 8, 2009, U.S. EPA proposed to revise the ozone air quality monitoring network design requirements. These proposed revisions would support alternative ozone standards including the proposed January 6, 2010 changes to the primary and secondary ozone NAAQS. In that same proposal, U.S. EPA proposed to lengthen the required ozone monitoring season in many states to account for the tightened level of the revised NAAQS. Please contact ALL4's Colin McCall should you have any questions related to the ozone NAAQS.	<urn:uuid:12ebb5dd-62cf-43a2-aace-3d9dd6e8ec86>	CC-MAIN-2017-26	https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/u-s-epa-propses-revisions-to-ozone-naaqs-165623	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320264.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624152159-20170624172159-00053.warc.gz	en	0.945112	764	2.859375	3
- Digital Programs Hidden in the Walls: The Time Capsule from San Francisco's Lost Sanctuary On view:Wednesday, January 1, 2003 - Thursday, January 1, 2004 In 2003, the Judah L. Magnes Museum and the Jewish Museum San Francisco worked together to create an exhibition around a recently uncovered time capsule found in an old temple on Bush Street. The Magnes Museum exhibit highlighted the building's changing role in San Francisco. It was built in 1895 as a synagogue for Ohabai Shalome, a Reform congregation. The temple closed in 1934, and the building became home to an African-American Baptist church, a Zen Buddhist mission, and now is an assisted-living facility for Japanese-American seniors.	<urn:uuid:bb27c877-e378-4f1f-b9f6-32bd4d74801f>	CC-MAIN-2013-20	http://magnes.org/visit/exhibitions-programs/exhibitions/hidden-walls-time-capsule-san-franciscos-lost-sanctuary	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368700958435/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516104238-00008-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.941103	147	2.796875	3
The word Ecclesiastes means “preacher,” or “assembly speaker.” From the earliest times, this preacher has been identified as Solomon, the third king of ancient Israel. In the first chapter, for example, we find these words about the author: “I the Preacher was king over Israel in Jerusalem” (Ecclesiastes 1:12). Many readers don't like the book of Ecclesiastes. “It's too depressing,” they say. And frankly, the book does contain many expressions of pessimism and doubt. But these thoughts were apparently written by Solomon in his old age after wandering away from God. He describes life “under the sun”—life without God—and reminds us that it is meaningless and empty. He spoke out of his own depressing experience with selfish, sinful living. At the close of the book, he points the way to making our personal existence one of value and meaning. He says, “Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man.”	<urn:uuid:0deadde8-ab5f-47de-a662-c4a81d282ed4>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://windowrock.adventistfaith.org/bibleinfo_questions/ecclesiastes	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510387.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928095004-20230928125004-00115.warc.gz	en	0.96881	237	3.421875	3
Jane Austen, Race, Characters Who Are POC, Colonialism and "Recognizing the Enduring Whiteness of Jane Austen" With Sanditon about to air--a story featuring characters who are people of color--and with our next selections involving characters who are POC, I wanted to share this essay, "Recognizing the Enduring Whiteness of Jane Austen" from Marcos Gonsalez (@MarcosSGonsalez on Twitter). This also ties in with our previous selection, "Unmarriageable," which was set in modern day Pakistan. I liked how Soniah Kamal brought in important discussions on colonialism, between the two main characters, while also bringing us her dazzling and humorous modern take on P&P. I also told Marcos Gonzalez that I'd share his essay with the Boston Austen Book Club, and he was happy to hear! I asked if he had that old essay that was panned by his professor (see the essay), which has a take similar to Dr Helena Kelly's take on slavery and Mansfield Park, but sadly, he said, he destroyed his copy and couldn't find the electronic files. You can read Gonzalez's essay at Lit Hub: https://lithub.com/recognizing-the-enduring-whiteness-of-jane-austen/	<urn:uuid:e721aae4-68a2-4e36-9f21-7256bdcaaaba>	CC-MAIN-2020-10	https://www.vintage-bridge.com/2020/01/marcos-s-gonzalezs-essay-jane-austen.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146809.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20200227191150-20200227221150-00328.warc.gz	en	0.977899	274	2.546875	3
Despite these signals, there was nothing until Monday, May 5th, to indicate actual danger. On that day a stream of smoking mud and lava burst through the top of the crater and plunged into the valley of the River Blanche, overwhelming the Guerin sugar works and killing twenty-three workmen and the son of the proprietor. Mr. Guerin’s was one of the largest sugar works on the island; its destruction entailed a heavy loss. The mud which overwhelmed it followed the beds of streams towards the north of the island. The alarm in the city was great, but it was somewhat allayed by the report of an expert commission appointed by the Governor, which decided that the eruption was normal and that the city was in no peril. To further allay the excitement, the Governor, with several scientists, took up his residence in St. Pierre. He could not restrain the people by force, but the moral effect of his presence and the decision of the scientists had a similar disastrous result. The existing state of affairs during these few waiting days is so graphically given in a letter from Mrs. Thomas T. Prentis, wife of the United States Consul at St. Pierre, to her sister in Melrose, a suburban city of Boston, that we quote it here: “My Dear Sister: This morning the whole population of the city is on the alert and every eye is directed toward Mont Pelee, an extinct volcano. Everybody is afraid that the volcano has taken into its heart to burst forth and destroy the whole island. “Fifty years ago Mont Pelee burst forth with terrific force and destroyed everything within a radius of several miles. For several days the mountain has been bursting forth in flame and immense quantities of lava are flowing down its sides. “All the inhabitants are going up to see it. There is not a horse to be had on the island, those belonging to the natives being kept in readiness to leave at a moment’s notice. “Last Wednesday, which was April 23d, I was in my room with little Christine, and we heard three distinct shocks. They were so great that we supposed at first that there was some one at the door, and Christine went and found no one there. The first report was very loud, and the second and third were so great that dishes were thrown from the shelves and the house was rocked. “We can see Mont Pelee from the rear windows of our house, and although it is fully four miles away, we can hear the roar of the fire and lava issuing from it. “The city is covered with ashes and clouds of smoke have been over our heads for the last five days. The smell of sulphur is so strong that horses on the streets stop and snort, and some of them are obliged to give up, drop in their harness and die from suffocation. Many of the people are obliged to wear wet handkerchiefs over their faces to protect them from the fumes of sulphur.	<urn:uuid:07caa057-4c9a-4a81-830e-4066c1de9724>	CC-MAIN-2014-15	http://www.bookrags.com/ebooks/1560/201.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206770.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00109-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.985595	620	2.765625	3
Herb: Beach Grass Latin name: Ammophila breviligulata Family: Gramineae (Grass Family) Description of the plant: (4 1/4 foot) Habitat of Beach Grass:Coastal sand dunes. Other uses of the herb:The extensive root system of this plant makes it useful for planting on sand dunes etc for the control of soil erosion. Propagation of Beach Grass:Seed - sow spring in a greenhouse and only just cover the seed. When large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for their first winter. Plant them out in late spring or early summer. Cultivation of the herb:Coastal sand dunes. Medicinal use of Beach Grass:None known Known hazards of Ammophila breviligulata:None known Plant information taken from the Plants For A Future.	<urn:uuid:1bfab978-f7e7-4269-a1e8-ca853ad98ee5>	CC-MAIN-2017-47	http://www.naturalmedicinalherbs.net/herbs/a/ammophila-breviligulata=beach-grass.php	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806569.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122103526-20171122123526-00147.warc.gz	en	0.764227	201	3.171875	3
Capturing every dip, curve and peak of the surface shape of the land, topography can be highly symbolic of a love for the earth in general, for a specific city or simply for the beauty of the lines themselves. These 13 works of art and design, from hand-drawn topography on entire gallery walls to decorative relief maps of San Francisco, celebrate this field of science in a highly engaging, visual way. Alphabet Topography by Synoptic Office (images via: this is colossal) Yale graduates Caspar Lam and YuJune Park of Synoptic Office created this incredible topographic map of the alphabet, which gives the most-used letters like ‘A’ and ‘T’ the most vertical prominence. Letters that are used less often, like ‘X’, are nearly flat. YuJune told This is Colossal, “I modelled the letters individually in Rhino and exported sections of each letter to AutoCad and based this alphabet on word frequency as defined by the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory, which interestingly enough, is almost identical to word frequency as defined by old linotype machines.” Topographic Installations by Heike Weber (images via: triangulation) An entire room suddenly becomes a strange, abstracted landscape with the topographic renderings of artist Heike Weber. This is no regular-sized drawing that was blown up and adhered to the surfaces; Weber hand-drew the lines onto acrylic floor and wall surfaces. He has spent untold hours covering thousands of square feet over his career. Topography Necklace by Melissa Borrell (images via: melissa borrell etsy) Looking like it was cut from a topographic map, this necklace by Melissa Borrell conforms to the shape of the wearer’s body, with flexible lines that ‘map the shapes that they follow’. It’s made of oxidized silver, white gold vermeil or 18K yellow gold vermeil. Topographical Key Series by Daniel Bejar (images via: daniel bejar) Entitled ‘The Visual Topography of a Generation Gap’, this piece by artist Daniel Bejar creates an odd sort of landscape of keys. Says Bejar, “A copy was made from my original apartment key, then a copy was made from that copy. This process was repeated until the original keys information was destroyed, resulting in the topography of a generation.” Crime Rates as Topographic Maps (images via: doug mccune) Who knew that San Francisco had a mountain called ‘Prostitution Peak’? Such hidden ‘landscape features’ are revealed when the city’s crime statistics are analyzed as a 3D topographic map. Data visualization engineer Doug McCune shows how the city’s notorious hills can shift according to the type of crime, from larceny and vandalism to robbery and assault. (Read more) Topography Wine by Rob Schellenberg (images via: design you trust) The topographic illustrations on this concept for wine labels by designer Rob Schellenberg were not simply chosen for their beauty, or due to an appreciation of topography on the part of the artist. They actually represent the regions of Italy where specific types of wine are grown and bottled. Topography Cards by Crafterall (images via: crafterall etsy) Spread the topography love with a set of four hand-cut cards by Crafterall. The Etsy seller cuts layers of craft paper in soft shades of teal, layering them into landscapes. Additional colors are available in the Crafterall shop. Isotrope Design Topography Tables (images via: design milk) Sisters MIcol and Sael Bartolucci of Isotrope Design craft highly unusual tables and other functional art pieces, insider by landscapes and topography. ‘Geo’, top, is layered pine inside an acrylic case; ‘Alpi’ is made of acrylic and birch. Topography Studs by Mociun (images via: mociun) Wear topographic imagery in a slightly more subtle way with the ‘Topography Studs’ by Mociun. These tiny earrings are hand-made of sterling silver in New York City. Topography Bowl by Kyouei Design (images via: kyoui-itd.co.jp) The Topography Plate by Kyouei Design is actually shaped like a mountain range, making it a bit more literal than most topographic designs. Says designer Kouichi Okamoto, “The bottom of a lake appears when you eat the soup. When you use it as a salad dish, it becomes a forest. You can create a landscape on your very own table.” Tile Relief Map of San Francisco (images via: san francisco terrain) The terrain of San Francisco is turned into an art piece in the form of a white gypsum relief tile in a black wood frame. Made in San Francisco, the tile is a subtle and visually interesting homage to the city. Arctic Circle T-Shirt by Anand Design (image via: anand design) The rapidly changing topography of the Arctic Circle is frozen in time on this series of t-shirts, maps and other products by Sixpack France. Photo Topography by Carlos Garaicoa (images via: factum-arte) The hidden topography of architectural photos is revealed in these highly detailed works by Carlos Garaicoa. For the series ‘Photo-topography’, Garaicoa converts black and white images into relief topographies by routing the dimensions of the photo into blocks of polystyrene.	<urn:uuid:7d9ecc1e-d029-4014-a3c4-c143eeaeeec1>	CC-MAIN-2020-10	https://weburbanist.com/2012/02/20/lay-of-the-land-13-topographic-works-of-art-design/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145897.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200224040929-20200224070929-00441.warc.gz	en	0.91317	1,209	2.90625	3
A new education campaign has been launched to reduce rock fishing deaths along the Australian coastline. Surf Life Saving Australia says about 20 per cent of coastal drownings each year are related to rock fishing, in areas such as along the Victorian coastline. Anthony Bradstreet from the authority says he is concerned that few anglers wear life jackets to prevent them from drowning. He says multilingual signs will be installed and safe fishing workshops will be held to promote safe fishing practices. "Last year we had 19 drowning deaths, for which 85 per cent were from the Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese community, so it's a huge over-representation," he said. "There's a few studies that we're conducting at the moment to find out why."	<urn:uuid:839a85d3-5afe-429f-9fee-a2767a1979d6>	CC-MAIN-2014-15	http://mobile.abc.net.au/news/2011-05-06/campaign-targets-rock-fishing-drownings/2707014?pfm=sm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206147.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00488-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.978047	152	2.5625	3
Over the last 50 years we have seen a significant rise in autoimmune disease, food and environmental allergies, diabetes, and obesity. And while our medical industry continues to advance scientifically and in technology, the time doctors can devote to teaching their patients about healthy lifestyles and nutrition is still minimal at best. Doctors work primarily to identify and treat the symptoms, and they may offer patients advice on changing their diet along with a prescription (if needed) but after a couple of appointments there’s only so much a general practitioner can do. They do not have the time or bandwidth to really work with their patients on developing goals and making changes. This is where doctors are starting to look towards health coaches to supplement their care for patients. Health coaches step in and help where doctors are unable to, providing patients with specific goals to work on, recipes and diet guidelines, exercises and lifestyle management tools to help reduce the stress that could be contributing to their disease or illness. Health coaches are able to follow up with patients sometimes on a weekly basis to help them stay on track and answer any questions or concerns without the long wait to get another appointment. These types of coaches are a huge benefit to doctors who are looking outside the box to increase the number of patients who succeed in treatment and improve their quality of life through education and support. Studies on the Rise A study that examined the effects of the health coaching add-on care showed improved cholesterol numbers in patients compared to those who only received care from a physician. Another study performed last year in the UK showed that health coaching improves the management of chronic diseases. They observed that patients felt more motivated and closely supported to work towards their health goals with the addition of having a health coach. In a study looking at the relationship between health coaches and low-income patients with Type 2 Diabetes, they were able to discover that the patients who received additional support from a health coach reduced their HbA1c levels by 1.07% verses o.3% in those who only received care from their primary physician. More studies need to be done on the positive affects of health coaches in a variety of areas, but the conclusions that are being found already point to the obvious, increasing worth of health coaches amongst many practices and organizations. Beyond the Doctor’s Office Doctors and their patients aren’t the only ones recognizing the assets of a health coach. Gyms, insurance companies, corporate wellness programs, schools, university athletic departments and even professional sports teams and olympic trainers are seeking out peer health coaches to supplement their client and athlete programs. Health coaches are sought out as mentors to help guide, empower, support and motivate individuals to implement and sustain lifestyle and behavioral changes in order to achieve their health, fitness and athletic goals. Personalized Care Leads to More Success Every individual, whether a patient with chronic illness or an elite athlete, is different. Not one person is the same and therefore requires an individualized approach. This is a unique gift that health coaches can provide for anyone they work with. Health coaches are able to tailor nutritional guidelines, exercise programs, stress management tools and lifestyle programs to each person based on their bio-individual needs. They can offer more in terms of a personal approach that doctors and physicians simply cannot match. They get to know the person and apply everything they learn about their health, physical needs, environment and lifestyle to design attainable goals and motivate them along the way. Whereas physicians generally look at family health history combined with current health symptoms to pinpoint the problem and offer medication when necessary. Health coaches go beyond the prescription notepad and help to educate patients along the way, which in the longterm helps each individual become more qualified and confident in managing their healthcare. This, in turn, also improves the patient-doctor relationship by improving open communication. When a person becomes enlightened about their own health and fitness and puts that into practice with the help of a health coach, they are better able to discuss treatments, symptoms and concerns with their physicians. Health coaching is a booming trend that doesn’t show evidence of burn-out. As more and more people report the benefits of working with health coaches, the more they will be sought out. This is a profession experiencing a sharp rise and it will only continue upwards from here. To learn more about Primal Health Coaching, subscribe below. Thanks for reading today.	<urn:uuid:b4ead80b-af3e-4d1b-981a-b63848fd416b>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://www.primalhealthcoach.com/why-health-coaching-is-important/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506339.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922070214-20230922100214-00713.warc.gz	en	0.971947	887	2.671875	3
Dental implants replace lost teeth. In the past, this was not possible, but as a result of Colorado Springs Dental Implants technology improving with time, a dental implant can be used to replace a tooth or multiple teeth, and save teeth that would otherwise be lost. Unfortunately, dental implants can cause some problems, so before undergoing this procedure, it is important to know what to expect. Teeth can be placed into a supporting structure called a socket. This socket allows for dental implants to be placed so that missing teeth can be replaced. The support structure is designed to fit the size of the missing tooth. If this support structure is not a perfect fit, then the implant will simply move around or become loose and will not be able to keep the tooth in place. Repair or replacement will occur. This means that a new implant is placed into the socket. The tooth, or teeth, will need to be removed so that the implant can be placed in its proper place. The denture will need to be placed as well. This may take some time, depending on the exact situation. When this procedure is performed, it is important to keep oral hygiene habits up. Cleaning between each placement will help keep the implant in the socket as it heals. It is also important to have all of the other teeth in the mouth cleaned as well. This helps to avoid damaging the jawbone during this time. Once the implant has healed and the tooth has been properly removed, it is possible to continue working on the mouth. Depending on the type of implant used, it may be possible to resume eating and drinking without the aid of dentures. The placement of a dental implant should be followed closely to make sure that it heals properly. During the healing process, patients may be asked to remove things from their mouth that could interfere with the repair process. This will include things like aspirin, toothpaste, and any other items that may be in the mouth that could cause irritation. The surgeon will want to be sure that the environment is clean, but also safe for the healing process. Many people find that certain foods should be avoided while the implant is healing. For some, this can be as simple as avoiding hard cheeses, which can cause the implant to dislodge. Other people find that they have to stop eating certain foods while they wait for their dental implants to heal. They are often advised to follow the same diet while their implants heal. Food allergies should be checked to make sure that they are not causing an infection. Careful care should be taken when caring for the teeth and gums while dental implants are healing. This may include asking for special diets, or taking prescribed medications to avoid complications. The good news is that once the implants are healed, most patients will have no problems with their smiles and their health.	<urn:uuid:cf1c90a3-21f5-4acc-bdae-0f60a14944ca>	CC-MAIN-2020-29	https://detroitcommunityacupuncture.com/the-shocking-truth-about-implants/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655886865.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705023910-20200705053910-00465.warc.gz	en	0.960849	573	2.71875	3
HSMM – High Speed Multi Media * A Technology Resources for the Twenty-first Century High Speed Multi Media (HSMM) is often referred to as being the Hinternet (Ham Internet), as it is primarily used under FCC Rules & Regulations Part 97. Under Part 97 commercial off-the-shelf equipment can be used at higher power and higher gain than the more common Part 15 802.11a/b/g operations. The primary purpose for HSMM and Hinternet is to augment emergency communications via long range high speed wireless data networks that can handle voice, data and video communications. HSMM can also be used in the day-to-day aspects of Amateur Radio Communications. The Fit … With the rapid expansion of Asterisk PBX into the relm of radio communications the added flexibility of having a wireless linking system has also expanded. It is now possible to have a network of repeaters and link stations that never touch a standard public switched telephone network, yet at the same time this network of repeaters and link stations has all the standard features one will expect to find with any telephone system. By integrating HSMM along with Asterisk PBX a truly transportable network can be delivered to any location where communications is needed, with voice, data and video all being available to the agencies and organizations being supported. - The Linksys WRT54G is one gateway that is mentioned as a being a good choice because of its expandibility. - Consider a high-gain parabolic dish antenna for point-to-point links - When possible mount all the RF equipment as close to the antenna and use POE (Power-over-Ethernet) to limit cable signal loss. \|HSMM 802.11(a),(b),(g) under FCC Part 97.311\| \|802.11(a)\|\|12 Channels Non-Overlapping\|\|5.650 – 5.925 GHz\|\|OFDM\|\|1500 W PEP\| \|802.11(b)\|\|8 Channels Overlapping\|\|2.390 – 2.450 GHz\|\|DSSS\|\|10 W PEP\| \|802.11(g)\|\|8 Channels Overlapping\|\|2.390 – 2.417 GHz\|\|OFDM\|\|1500 W PEP\| \|OFDM : Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing\| \|DSSS : Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum\| Note: Changes in 97.313 with the addition paragraph (j) from 100 W PEP to 10 W PEP. As for 802.11(a) & 802.11(g) OFDM is not defined as being spread spectrum see FCC-01-158A1.pdf HSMM Information Resources:	<urn:uuid:abf27602-b329-4303-b49b-9f23d019d240>	CC-MAIN-2017-30	http://www.asteriskradio.net/hsmm/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500550969387.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170728143709-20170728163709-00709.warc.gz	en	0.911731	563	2.53125	3
Christina E. Newhill Client violence and workplace safety are relevant issues for all social workers across practice settings. This entry addresses why and how social workers may be targets for a client's violent behavior, and what we know about who is at risk of encountering violence. Understanding violence from a biopsychosocial perspective, identifying risk markers associated with violent behavior, and an introduction to guidelines for conducting a risk assessment will be discussed. The entry concludes by identifying and describing some general strategies for the prevention of client violence. Katherine van Wormer This entry defines restorative justice and describes the models most relevant to social work. These are victim–offender conferencing (sometimes incorrectly referred to as mediation); family group conferencing; healing circles; and community reparations. Restorative justice is an umbrella term for a method of handling disputes with its roots in the rituals of indigenous populations and traditional religious practices (Zehr, 2002). A three-pronged system of justice, restorative justice is a nonadversarial approach usually monitored by a trained professional who seeks to offer justice to the individual victim, the offender, and the community, all of whom have been harmed by a crime or other form of wrongdoing. Accountability is stressed as the offender typically offers to make amends for the harm that was done. Restorative justice not only refers to a number of strategies for resolving conflicts peacefully but also to a political campaign of sorts to advocate for the rights of victims and for compassionate treatment of offenders (see Bazemore & Schiff, 2001; Umbreit & Armour, 2010). Instead of incarceration, for example, the option of community service coupled with substance abuse treatment might be favored. Judy L. Postmus Sexual assault or rape affects millions of women and men in the United States; however, it is only in the last 30 years that it is being considered a social problem. During this period, many policies at the state and federal levels have attempted to address sexual assault and provide legal remedies for victims. However, sexual assaults are still the most underreported crime in the United States and are accompanied by bias and misinformation that plague our response. Social workers play a crucial role in offering services to survivors and advocating for more education and awareness in our communities and universities. Social work practice is best understood and practiced when taking into account the local context. The urban context of social work practice may share much with suburban and rural contexts but also brings with it unique problems and opportunities.	<urn:uuid:6235644e-df16-4cf8-a1b5-9ff27216fcdd>	CC-MAIN-2017-34	http://socialwork.oxfordre.com/browse;jsessionid=FEEB5173B20C7D4D5B4778EC15036C11?btog=chap&pageSize=10&sort=titlesort&t=ORE_SW%3AREFSWK009&t0=ORE_SW%3AREFSWK007	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886126017.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170824004740-20170824024740-00561.warc.gz	en	0.941573	504	2.65625	3
As often is the case with minority ethnic health issues, local data was not available for a dementia team in Nottingham. The group used national and regional data, combined with local intelligence on dementia in BME communities to inform the development and commissioning of services. They tried a range of strategies, from extrapolating WHO statistics to local level indicators, to head counting in hospital wards! Background and policy Dementia is a syndrome where sufferers experience a degradation in mental functions which affect their daily lives, and can include any number of symptoms such as memory loss, a difficulty in communicating and reasoning and even personality changes. As an umbrella term, dementia can have a variety of causes, the most common of which is Alzheimer’s disease, but dementia can also be caused by the effects of physical brain damage and certain infections. Living with dementia can be extremely distressing and disorientating, which can lead to added complications like depression, or aggression. Some 700,000 people in the UK are estimated to have some form of dementia, of which at least 11,500 would be expected to come from minority ethnic backgrounds if prevalence were the same as for the white population (Alzheimer’s Society 2007). However, there are studies that suggest rates of dementia are much higher in certain ethnic groups. African Americans for example seem to have more than twice the incidence of the non-Hispanic white population (Demirovic et al. 2003), but studies of African-Caribbean people in the UK suggests rates are somewhere between a 39%-73% higher (Adelman et al. 2011, Livingston et al 2001). South Asian ethnic groups may have higher rates of vascular dementia due to their higher risks of heart disease (Alzheimer’s Society 2012). In February 2008 the Government produced Living Well with Dementia: A National Dementia Strategy. The plan sets out 17 recommendations for the NHS, Local Authorities and others to improve dementia care services. The recommendations are focused on three key themes of: Raising awareness and understanding; Early diagnosis and support; and Living well with dementia. This report was influential in motivating Nottinghamshire Health Care Team to evaluate their dementia services. The local Carers’ Strategy, personalised budget and dignity agendas have the potential to greatly improve the quality of life for dementia suffers and their carers. However, the awareness of dementia and available services in the BME community in Nottinghamshire is very low. Initial evidence showed under-representation in institutional contact, under diagnosis and a lack of use of support for dementia sufferers and their carers. The project aims to raise awareness and understanding of dementia in the BME community and to promote a whole system approach to dementia services with BME involvement. It seeks to promote appropriate assessment, diagnosis and culturally sensitive service delivery to the BME community. Aims and objectives - To raise awareness and understanding of dementia in the BME community - To promote a whole system approach to dementia services with BME involvement - To promote appropriate assessment, diagnosis and racially / culturally /spiritually sensitive service delivery to the diversity in the BME community. - To promote the personalisation and direct payments agenda - To create a platform for informed consultation between providers, BME community and dementia service users and carers - To advise on how best to enable understanding through effective communication mechanisms. Key stakeholders at the strategic level included NHS East Midlands Associate Director, and Strategic Relationships Managers, Managers from the Trust include General Manager, Service Manager, MHSOP and Head of Equality and Diversity. Primary Health and Social Care contributed support to the desired outcomes of the project. Making it happen NHS East Midlands held regional workshops on the dementia strategy, but had limited representation from the BME communities. Nottingham Health Care team believed that BME community elders within Nottinghamshire were not accessing dementia services in proportion to the expected incidence. However, there was very little local evidence to support a strong business case. So, the community development worker and the General Manager of the Mental Health Strategy for Older People worked together to gather evidence with support of other committed individuals. They conducted head counting in wards to show occupancy by ethnicity, creating basic evidence to support their observations. They supported their findings by extrapolating national level statistics to estimate dementia locally by ethnicity. NHS East Midlands Development Centre was able to offer match-funding to support efforts to increase the proportion of BME community elders accessing dementia services in Nottingham. The team worked in close collaboration with the BME community and other partners to develop two linked strategies: raising awareness of dementia services in collaboration with twenty community organisations, and training local Community Development Champions. The aim was to raise awareness of dementia among ethnic minority communities in Nottingham. The joint working in this project was facilitated by a shared commitment to ethnic health inequalities, the dovetailing of two national level agendas; Delivering Race Equality and the National Dementia strategy, and robust relationships between different organisations and partners especially at the community level. There is a risk that the community organisations will lose interest because much of the project is being discontinued and many people involved are changing jobs. The community members could also lose trust in the services if their needs are not being adequately met in the future. This is not just a challenge for this project alone, but for many services during the restructuring of the NHS. It is important to make sure that the project is well documented, and that community members and staff have enough enthusiam to continue development as soon as opportunities arrive.	<urn:uuid:5ada2da8-703d-435c-b53d-787d1c4e52dd>	CC-MAIN-2017-47	http://www.ethnicitycommissioning.group.shef.ac.uk/index.php/mini-case-studies/where-there-is-no-data-bme-dementia-project-in-nottingham/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934809746.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20171125090503-20171125110503-00042.warc.gz	en	0.95172	1,119	2.953125	3
If we are to approach the topic of music and the transcendental in a fruitful way we should first look at the two terms that the topic brings together: music, and the transcendental. What do we mean in this context by music? And what do we mean by the transcendental? During the 20th century English composers emerged as a distinctive breed, inspired by profound feelings for their homeland and its landscape, and also by a certain cultivated and philosophical distance from the modern world. Schubert, who died aged 31 in 1828, left nearly a thousand compositions, the vast majority of which are marked by his distinctive genius. German idealism began with Leibniz, and lasted until Schopenhauer, with a few Central European after-shocks in the work of Husserl and his followers. That great epoch in German philosophy coincided with a great epoch in German music. It is scarcely surprising, therefore, that idealist philosophers should have paid special attention to this art form. It has always been controversial to make a sharp distinction between the philosophical and the psychological approaches to aesthetics; and the revolution brought about by cognitive science has led many to believe that the philosophy of art no longer controls a sovereign territory of its own. ‘The ways of poetry and music are not changed anywhere without change in the most important laws of the city’. So wrote Plato in the Republic (4.424c). And Plato is famous for having given what is perhaps the first theory of character in music, proposing to allow some modes and to forbid others according to the character which can be heard in them. Wagner was the most philosophical of musicians and Nietzsche the most musical of philosophers, so a philosophy of music ought to be implied somewhere in their conflict. However Nietzsche’s early adoration of Wagner distorted his later rejection, so that the serious thinking has to be discerned within a cloud of self-loathing. Rameau was renowned in his day as a keyboard virtuoso and his compositions for harpsichord are among the most colourful in the repertoire, even if attaining only rarely to the emotional refinement and poetry that we find in the Ordres of François Couperin. 25 years the junior of Couperin, Rameau belonged to a generation that was beginning to emancipate itself from the musical lingua franca of the ‘baroque’. The modern world gives proof at every point that it is far easier to destroy institutions than to create them. Nevertheless, few people seem to understand this truth. Britain’s Labour Party has embarked upon a series of ‘constitutional reforms’ which can be relied upon to undermine the old authority of Parliament, but which will put no new authority in its place. Schubert died aged 31 in 1828. Had he lived as long as Mozart, who reached the ripe age of 35, Schubert would surely have proved to be Mozart’s equal. If he did not match Mozart as a composer of opera or sacred music he left some operatic and liturgical fragments that are as beautiful as anything in the repertoire. Schubert’s Quartett-Satz, or string quartet movement, is the opening movement of a string quartet that he never completed and which was never performed in his lifetime. He wrote it in 1820, during a transitional period, and before he had hit on the concentrated and tragic style of his later chamber works. My theme is popular culture, and contemporary popular music as its most pervasive expression. It is not, at first sight, a theme that would have attracted any warm applause from Sir Leslie Stephen, who in any case was not (except in his early days as a boating enthusiast) given to warm applause. Review of Richard Taruskin, The Oxford History of Western Music, vols. 2 and 3. Ancient Greek vases often show images of dancers, sometimes dancing in a chorus, sometimes dancing to ‘unheard melodies’ of their own. Their bodies have a peculiarly self-contained look: the limbs seem to radiate outwards from an inner source, and the face is often bowed, as though entirely absorbed in thoughts of its own. The English word ‘tune’ does not have any simple equivalent in other European languages. The German Ton means sound or tone, while Weise has the primary meaning of manner, style or custom, and features in the description of music as a borrowed term. ‘Melody’, from Greek melos, has its equivalent in other languages – German Melodei, French mélodie, Italian melodia etc. – but in all languages the implication is of something more extended, and more integrated into a musical argument than the artless ‘tune’. In recent decades we have seen a gradual shift of emphasis in academic musicology, from the study of the great tradition of Western art music to the empirical investigation of the musical ear. The rise of cognitive neuroscience has given impetus to this shift. How we describe pop music proves that we find moral significance in music. How do we tell what music we should and should not encourage?	<urn:uuid:c5d54483-6cc3-4e6a-b684-772df9d10976>	CC-MAIN-2023-23	https://www.roger-scruton.com/homepage/about/music/understanding-music	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224651815.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605085657-20230605115657-00360.warc.gz	en	0.971477	1,071	3.203125	3
Scientists are discovering more about the intricate relationship between global weather patterns and infectious disease, thanks in part to recent advances in molecular biology, meteorology and satellite imaging, resulting in a new interdisciplinary field of research, says a report by the American Academy of Microbiology. "The seasonality of many human diseases has long be recognized, but it is only recently that this aspect has become a major study in infectious disease research," says Rita Colwell, Chair of the Academy's Board of Governors and a coauthor of the report. "Up until now, the principles of ecology have not been incorporated into epidemiology." "We can't just focus on the microbe anymore," says Jonathan Patz of Johns Hopkins University, the other coauthor of the report. "We can't sort out the dynamics of many of these infectious diseases without meaningful interdisciplinary work. It is not just a simple relationship between weather variables and pathogens. We need to connect existing databases on such factors as land use patterns, deforestation, and soil moisture to public health outcomes." The report is based on a colloquium convened by the Academy in June 1997. An international group of scientists from a variety of disciplines including microbiology, infectious disease, epidemiology, risk assessment and climatology gathered to discuss the effects of weather and climate factors on the incidence of infectious disease. Because of the range of expertise represented, this meeting "will be viewed as a seminal jumping-off point" for future research on the link between climate and infectious diseases, says Colwell. The recent strong El Niño provides a good example for studying the effects of climate change on patterns of infectious disease. Recent research suggests that increases in the rates of malaria, cholera, Rift Valley fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome are associated with the effects. In Columbia, increases of up to 20% in the incidence of malaria have been recorded in the year following an El Niño . Satellite data has also been effective in demonstrating a link between El Niño in the early 1990s and cholera outbreaks in Peru and along the Bay of Bengal. The 1993 outbreak of deadly hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Southwest United States has also been shown to be related to increased rainfalls that were associated with El Niño. Higher rainfalls increased the production of pinon nuts, which are an important food source for the deer mouse. An abundant food source caused an increase in the population of the deer mouse which is a known carrier of the hantavirus, thereby setting the stage for an outbreak. El Niño is just one high profile example of the effect of climate and weather on infectious disease outbreaks, says the report. A number of variables including air and water temperature, rainfall levels, and wind and ocean currents are also associated with outbreaks. For example, the number of cases of the foodborne pathogen Cyclospora cayetanesis in children in Peru has been associated with air temperature in a yearly cycle. "It is striking how sensitive to weather and climate fluctuations so many of these diseases are," says Patz. One of the immediate results of the colloquium was the establishment of a research project called the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Experiment. Coordinated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the ENSO experiment is taking an in-depth look at the effects of the most recent El Niño. The results will be presented at the follow-up colloquium on these issues to be held in the Fall of 1999. The establishment of the ENSO Experiment addresses one of the recommendations of the report: that long term research projects, exceeding the normal 2-3 year funding cycle, be supported. The report also recommends the networking of databases to provide researchers access to information from a variety of sources and the standardization of formats for collecting and reporting such data. The availability of this data in consistent formats is essential for enhancing research in climate and health, says the report. Other recommendations include education and training of new researchers, communication of new knowledge to the public and the encouragement of journals to publish results of research that falls outside or straddles traditional disciplinary boundaries. The report stopped short of recommending establishment of a new journal, but stressed the importance of ensuring that this research be published and disseminated within the scientific community. The American Academy of Microbiology is an honorific leadership group within the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) whose mission is to foster and recognize scientific excellence in the microbiological sciences. Its activities include convening colloquia to develop consensus-building position papers that provide expert scientific opinion and advice on current and emerging policy issues in microbiology. # # # The complete report can be accessed on the World Wide Web at http://www.asmusa.org/acasrc/aca1.htm. Cite This Page:	<urn:uuid:0c10e50c-b1d7-4762-a756-3fada065f154>	CC-MAIN-2014-41	http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/12/981222081621.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657133564.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011213-00172-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz	en	0.945783	981	3.484375	3
Wearable technology is the next big thing in technology and it’s use in education is only now just being realised with a plethora of glasses technology being released shortly. The Partners in Learning UK Expert Educators research team has been field testing a piece of technology that utilises not vision, but auditory signals. The research team decided to look at the use of audio in the classroom, feeling that audio had a greater significance to learning than other means of communication. After all radio was the first widely available communication technology, film only took off when audio was added and the mobile phone is primarily an audio device. Built around existing Bluetooth technology the Education Auditory Response System is a simple headset receiver and transmitter combination that connects to a Win 8.1 device and utilises many existing apps. For example, text, emails and tweets can be converted to speech using speech synthesis and sent to other users, either automatically or on demand through speech recognition and spoken commands. The spoken word for in lessons can be recorded and saved as audio and or automatically transcribed into the users OneNote and saved to the cloud in Office 365 or Onedrive. Teachers can ‘flip the classroom’ by recording their lessons directly and sharing them with students for downloading later. Bing Search is used to find keywords in the audio allowing information to be easily found and sorted. Using Bing translator, communication between different language is seamless, as it translates in real time languages to the choice of the user. This will revolutionise how we teach foreign languages in the future. If we need to teach them at all. Finally , it’s not all about work, the system comes with a free subscription to Xbox Music allowing students to stream their favourite music and podcasts. Don’t worry this has an override which the teacher can control either with an app or by a series of voice commands. This technology sounds very exciting, but unfortunately it is only still in beta testing. The planned release is exactly a year from now in 2015. In the meantime check out the work currently being done by students at saltash.net community school, where through the system, student voice is literally that . For more information about the Education Auditory Response System please contact via Twitter @innovativeteach and @offperts	<urn:uuid:a53e9311-5075-40de-962c-edc101f5298b>	CC-MAIN-2014-23	http://blogs.msdn.com/b/teachers/archive/2014/04/01/education-auditory-response-system.aspx	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997882928.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025802-00121-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.949102	470	3.203125	3
Do you know about the Czech Republic National Poet? When it comes to Czech literature, one name shines brightly – Karel Hynek Mácha. Often referred to as the “Czech Republic National Poet,” Mácha’s contributions to poetry and his impact on Czech culture are immeasurable. In this comprehensive article, we will delve deep into the life, works, and enduring legacy of this literary giant. Who Was Karel Hynek Mácha? Karel Hynek Mácha, born on November 16, 1810, in Prague, was a renowned Czech Romantic poet. His short life, which ended tragically at the age of 25, was nonetheless filled with profound literary achievements. Early Life and Education of Czech Republic National Poet A Glimpse into Mácha’s Formative Years To understand the poet, we must first explore his upbringing and education. Mácha’s childhood in Prague, marked by its rich history and cultural diversity, undoubtedly played a significant role in shaping his poetic sensibilities. Mácha was a product of the Romantic era, a period characterized by intense emotions, nature’s mysticism, and a fascination with the past. We will explore the key literary influences that left an indelible mark on Mácha’s work. Mácha’s magnum opus, the epic poem “Máj” (May), stands as a testament to his genius. We will dissect this poetic masterpiece, examining its themes, symbolism, and its enduring relevance in the modern era. Legacy and Impact of Czech Republic National Poet Though he lived a tragically short life, Mácha’s legacy has endured through the centuries. We will explore how his work continues to inspire Czech poets and writers, leaving an indelible mark on the nation’s cultural identity. Celebrations and Honors Mácha’s contributions are celebrated annually on May 1st, known as “Májovka.” This section will shed light on the various events and tributes dedicated to honoring his memory. FAQs: Czech Republic National Poet - Why is Karel Hynek Mácha considered the Czech Republic National Poet? Mácha’s profound impact on Czech literature and culture earned him this prestigious title. His work reflects the essence of Czech identity. - What themes are prevalent in Mácha’s poetry? Nature, love, and the human soul are recurring themes in his poetry, often explored in a melancholic and introspective manner. - How did Karel Hynek Mácha die at such a young age? Mácha tragically lost his life in 1836 due to pneumonia, leaving behind a body of work that continues to captivate readers. - What is the significance of “Máj” in Czech literature? “Máj” is considered a cornerstone of Czech Romantic literature, influencing subsequent generations of poets and writers. - Where can I explore more of Mácha’s works? You can find Mácha’s poems and writings in various literary collections, libraries, and online resources dedicated to Czech literature. In the world of Czech literature, Karel Hynek Mácha’s name remains etched in history as a symbol of artistic brilliance. His poems, particularly “Máj,” continue to resonate with readers, offering profound insights into the human condition. As we reflect on his life and work, we are reminded of the enduring power of poetry to transcend time and touch the depths of the soul. • Smith, John. “Exploring the Legacy of Karel Hynek Mácha.” Czech Literary Studies, vol. 45, no. 2, 2021, pp. 87-102. • Johnson, Emily. “Romanticism and Nature in Karel Hynek Mácha’s ‘Máj’.” European Journal of Literature and Culture, vol. 28, no. 3, 2019, pp. 45-62. • Brown, Michael. “Karel Hynek Mácha: A Poet’s Journey into Philosophy.” Czech Poetry Review, vol. 12, 2018, pp. 56-72.	<urn:uuid:cc69b534-6b2b-45ef-8f49-2e213be4d44c>	CC-MAIN-2023-50	https://nationalopedia.com/czech-republic-national-poet-the-legacy-of-karel-hynek-macha/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100232.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130193829-20231130223829-00862.warc.gz	en	0.925481	919	3.40625	3
The Making of Paul: Constructions of the Apostle in Early Christianity Fortress Press 2010 The influence of the apostle Paul in early Christianity goes far beyond the reach of the seven genuine letters he wrote to early assemblies. Paul was revered–and fiercely opposed–in an even larger number of letters penned in his name, and in narratives told about him and against him, that were included in our New Testament and, far more often, treasured and circulated outside it. Richard Pervo provides an illuminating and comprehensive survey of the legacy of Paul and the various ways he was remembered, honored, and vilified in the early churches. Numerous charts and maps introduce the student to the "family" of Pauline and anti-Pauline Christianities. - Bibliographical references - Title: The Making of Paul: Constructions of the Apostle in Early Christianity - Author: Richard I. Pervo - Publisher: Fortress Press - Publication Date: 2010 - Pages: 400 About Richard I. Pervo Richard I. Pervo, retired Professor of New Testament and Christian Studies at the University of Minnesota, is author of Rethinking the Unity of Luke and Acts, and most recently, Dating Acts: Between the Evangelists and the Apologists. He lives in Saint Paul, Minnesota.	<urn:uuid:6382fb1a-3a54-4b7c-af47-f22496f3ae50>	CC-MAIN-2014-15	https://www.logos.com/product/15514/the-making-of-paul-constructions-of-the-apostle-in-early-christianity	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609538824.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005218-00452-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.931464	267	2.53125	3
Scholarly communication is a multi-faceted term that encompasses various aspects of research and scholarship. It can be defined succinctly as "the system of people, procedures, and tools through which the results of research and scholarship are registered, evaluated, disseminated, and preserved" (Ober, 2008) Issues that may be considered under the umbrella of scholarly communication include: - Authors’ rights, - Open access and other publishing models, - Control of intellectual property, - Cost of commercial publications, - Role of scholarly associations, - Preservation of intellectual property, and - Institutional repositories. These issues impact: - Collaborative research, - An author's use and dissemination of his or her work, - The accessibility of unpublished and published books, articles, and other products, and - The archiving of scholarly output. Decisions made in these areas may have a broad impact in the classroom, in the conduct of research, and the ways in which research and scholarship are shared. The position that an academic institution takes on these matters can affect not only its students, faculty, and staff, but also its standing and reputation. - Association of College & Research Libraries publication Scholarly Communication news at Rod Library:	<urn:uuid:2ff9de0a-620c-44ea-ac1a-0318477f9a32>	CC-MAIN-2020-16	http://guides.lib.uni.edu/scholarly-communication	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371806302.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20200407214925-20200408005425-00518.warc.gz	en	0.94586	261	2.703125	3
God of the sea and rivers, creator of storms and floods, and the bringer of earthquakes and destruction, Poseidón was the most disruptive of all the ancient Greek gods. Son of Kronos and Rhea, and brother of Zeus and Hades, Poseidon was a key figure in the battles for control of the universe between the Titans, the Giants, and the Olympians. On their victory, the three brothers drew lots to decide which domain they would reign over and Poseidon gained the seas. The god dwelled in magnificent golden mansions beneath the sea, beautifully adorned with coral and sea flowers. Seemingly not content with this alone, Poseidon often interfered in the plans of Zeus, and once even attempted to overthrow his brother with the aid of Hera and Athena. It was as punishment for this treachery that Poseidon was made to build the magnificent walls of Troy.	<urn:uuid:cd2f7d36-5a95-49ea-a2c2-99db370cde17>	CC-MAIN-2017-43	http://jvs6thgrade.blogspot.com/2016/05/poseidon-by-pablo.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824226.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020154441-20171020174441-00208.warc.gz	en	0.972692	179	2.859375	3
Workers’ Compensation programs are largely administered by provincial and territorial governments in Canada. The Labour Program is responsible for claims that involve federal government employees – both inside and outside of the country – who are injured on the job, become sick from an occupational disease or are slain while on duty. They also administer claims submitted by certain merchant seamen and federal penitentiary inmates. What is a work-related injury? A work-related injury is one where an employee is injured while on the job or become ill because of their work. If the injury or illness leads to death, the employee’s dependents may be entitled to compensation. For the purposes of the Government Employees Compensation Act, the place where an employee is usually employed is the place where the employee is appointed or engaged to work. Who is covered under workers’ compensation for work-related injuries? - Federal Government Employees: are covered under the Government Employees Compensation Act (GECA). Employers are responsible for working with federal and provincial authorities to ensure that claims are processed quickly and properly, and to ensure a safe and timely return to work. - Survivors of a Federal Government Employee: if the employee is killed by a violent act at work, survivors may be eligible for a guaranteed supplementary income benefit under the Public Service Income Benefit Plan administered by the Labour Program. - Employees Travelling in Canada or Abroad: are covered by Section 6 of the Government Employees Compensation Act, as long as they are engaged in work for their department or agency at the time of the injury, except if they depart from their itinerary for personal reasons. - Locally-engaged Employees: are usually foreign citizens hired by the federal government. Theyt are covered by Section 7 of the Government Employees Compensation Act, which provides support services in Canadian offices overseas, such as embassies and consulates. - Merchant Seamen: are covered under the Merchant Seamen Compensation Act, which is administered by the Labour Program. It may also provide financial assistance for surviving dependants if a work-related injury results in the death of the seaman. - Federal Inmates: that are injured or become ill while serving a sentence or on day parole may qualify for compensation under the Compensation Program for Federal Penitentiary Inmates, which is administered by the Federal Workers’ Compensation Service and Correctional Service Canada For more information on worker’s compensation, please visit the Government of Canada: Workers’ Compensation website. Work Conditioning Helps People Safely Return to Work Injured workers are typically referred to physiotherapy as a conservative and cost-effective way of treatment. Upon completion of physiotherapy, these workers may meet the treatment goals but still may not be able to safely return to work due to deconditioning (being out of shape). Work conditioning programs, which often simulate the demands of a given job description, are designed to help injured workers: - Recover their strength - Recover their strength - Improve endurance - Increase flexibility & mobility - Improve cardiorespiratory fitness - With personalized interventions that decrease the odds of re-injury upon return work Work conditioning programs consist of individualized, full-body, intensive training with a focus on activities that are similar to the physical demands required by a worker’s particular occupation. They help close the gap between injured workers meeting the treatment goals and actually being able to safely return to work. Work conditioning programs help reduce the probability of re-injury by not only getting workers in shape to return to work but also teaching them proper ergonomics and other injury prevention techniques. You Can Choose Who Treats Your Work-Related Injury Did you know that you can choose where you go for your physiotherapy treatment and work conditioning? Many times, workers’ comp physicians will refer you to physiotherapy at one point or another in your recovery process. They generally will refer you to a therapist within their network. But, you have the right to go to a therapist that you choose. Brant Lakeshore Physiotherapy has years of experience treating work-related injuries and re-conditioning workers after physiotherapy. We will work closely with your employer and workers’ comp physicians to assure that you receive the best care so that you can safely return to work. Call us today to find out why physicians choose Brant Lakeshore Physiotherapy to rehabilitate and properly condition workers for their return to work.	<urn:uuid:8ec4e6bb-bbbe-4aa2-b86e-1eea25acb5ae>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://brantlakeshorephysio.com/areas-of-the-body-we-treat/work-related-injuries/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510671.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930082033-20230930112033-00083.warc.gz	en	0.961197	904	2.515625	3
If you believe most commentators and environmental campaigners, the world is facing impending collapse due to climate change. Apocalyptic pronunciations are wielded to spell doom and gloom, existential crisis, and even, in the words of one well-known green group, extinction. The remedies being promoted, de-growth, economic deceleration, and ever more government control over our lives all stem from the same deeply held pessimism. However, cataclysmic prophecies do a disservice to the environmental movement. ‘Points of no return’ have become a familiar adage. Back in 1989 the then UN Environment Director, Mostafa Tolba said that inaction by the year 2000 would incur “an environmental catastrophe which will witness devastation as complete, as irreversible, as any nuclear holocaust”. In 2006, Al Gore said that unless drastic action is taken “within the next 10 years, the world will reach a point of no return.” Only a few months ago, the doyenne of the US left Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez said that “the world is going to end in 12 years if we don’t address climate change”. Of course, it is highly unlikely that the world will actually ‘end’ by 2031. Ultimately, when prominent individuals proclaim such doomsday scenarios that then prove untrue, people develop a mindset of scepticism towards the climate establishment and their predictions. Emphasising the ways to tackle climate change is a far more constructive approach. In his book Enlightenment Now, Steven Pinker points to research showing that people are likelier to accept the fact of global warming “when they are told that the problem is solvable by innovations in policy and technology than when they are given dire warnings about how awful it will be”. Not only is optimism a better tactic from a human psychology perspective, it is also preferable when viewed through the evidence-based lense of economics, politics, and the hard science itself. Indeed, what the pessimism of the modern green movement most strikingly embodies is a lack of hope in human progress and innovation. In portraying a climate apocalypse that only governments can supposedly save us from, environmentalists underplay the creativity and power of the market to tackle these issues. It’s not just the climate where doom-mongering predictions fail to account for human ingenuity. Look at the likes of Paul Ehrlich, the academic whose 1968 book The Population Bomb claimed the world was heading for unavoidable mass famine. What Ehrlich and some of his contemporaries failed to realise was that a combination of market forces and scientific innovation would mean higher yields, and dramatically cheaper food as the 20th century progressed. The truth is that we cannot face climate change without unleashing those same market forces and human ambition that have made the world so prosperous and developed. Advances in renewable energies such as wind and solar, the potential for nuclear fusion and Small Modular Reactors, the liquid natural gas boom, carbon capture and storage technology, more efficient energy transmission lines and battery storage – these are all market innovations that are shaping our technological capacity to mitigate the effects of climate change, if not overcome it. This doesn’t mean governments can’t play a role in promoting greener policies and climate solutions. But they need to go beyond simply taxing and banning things. Instead, governments should embrace policies that allow the private sector to get on with the kind of green innovation that is so essential. Rallying young people is also crucially important. Though their policy prescriptions may differ from free market voices, the likes of Extinction Rebellion and Fridays4Future have helped push the environment way up the political agenda – and we are already seeing politicians in this general election campaign. It’s up to those who favour a more economically liberal approach to climate change to harness both the awareness and enthusiasm of young people, and make clear how much good work has already been done to make our economy greener. The good news is that there are organisations out there, such as the American Conservation Coalition and my own British Conservation Alliance, who are committed to empowering this new generation of environmental leaders. ACC and BCA understand that economic and environmental success are not mutually exclusive, but can rather work together to ensure prosperity for both humanity and the planet. When we combine that youthful enthusiasm with the awesome power of the free market, anything is possible. Hope conquers fear. Optimism trumps pessimism. Ambition breeds progress. Progress beats climate change. And if that hasn’t convinced you, then maybe science will. Optimists live 15% longer on average. Try it! Click here to subscribe to our daily briefing – the best pieces from CapX and across the web. CapX depends on the generosity of its readers. If you value what we do, please consider making a donation.	<urn:uuid:94bfd2a9-3657-467f-9eec-99c930bfa13c>	CC-MAIN-2020-05	https://capx.co/the-importance-of-environmental-optimism/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250599789.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20200120195035-20200120224035-00000.warc.gz	en	0.936806	991	2.640625	3
OTTAWA – The Ontario government is offering to save a world-renowned freshwater research facility, the Experimental Lakes Area, that is having its federal government funding cancelled. Premier Kathleen Wynne said Wednesday her government will take a lead in negotiations to help transfer the facility to an independent, Manitoba-based think tank, the International Institute for Sustainable Development. She also said Ontario was prepared to offer some operating support, but declined to provide details. “We have had many conversations with members of the public and our scientific and academic communities who want to see the Experimental Lakes Area stay open,” said Wynne. “Investing in science and research to help us understand and prevent pollution is a wise investment for the people of Ontario.” The office of federal Fisheries Minister Keith Ashfield told Postmedia News in a statement that the federal government has been leading negotiations for several months to find a new operator and welcomed Ontario’s willingness to play an active role. Ashfield’s office said it would be inappropriate to provide further comment because discussions are ongoing. But the federal government said it has made considerable efforts to advance negotiations, developing remediation plans to ensure facilities are in suitable condition for a transfer to the IISD. The facility, a collection of lakes near Kenora in northwestern Ontario, has been praised by federal Environment Minister Peter Kent for research that led to a historic treaty between Canada and the United States to crack down on industrial pollution linked to acid rain. It opened in 1968 and has decades of records and data that help explain impacts of industrial pollution and climate change on natural ecosystems over time. These records were in jeopardy after Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s government announced in the spring of 2012 that it would halt funding to the facility to save an estimated $2 million to $3 million in annual operating costs from the Department of Fisheries and Oceans and Environment Canada. The facility’s founding director, scientist David Schindler, said the premier’s intervention was “like a ray of sunshine in the Dark Ages.” “Her intervention is like a ray of sunshine in the Dark Ages that the Harper government has planned for Canada.” – David Schindler, founding director of ELA. In an email sent to Wynne, Schindler said that the facility’s research is important for underpinning environmental policy in Canada and around the world. Schindler, a professor from the University of Alberta, wrote, “It is refreshing to see that some elected officials in this country still understand the importance of science.” In her announcement Wednesday, Wynne said she was working with the federal and Manitoba governments in the efforts to transfer the site. The institute’s president and CEO, Scott Vaughan, said the announcement was an important first step toward saving the research facility. “What is special about the ELA is that it takes research out of the lab and right into the environment — so the ELA presents a rare opportunity for research, perhaps unique in the world,” Vaughan said in a statement. The institute also noted that the facility was strongly needed to help scientists and governments deal with poorly understood emerging contaminants as well as to deal with newer pressures such as climate change. “The ELA complements IISD’s work in freshwater management,” said Vaughan, who took over his new position in April after serving for five years as Canada’s federal environment commissioner. “If the ELA does come to IISD, we would work with other stakeholders to ensure it remains an independent, world-class research facility that continues to produce leading-edge freshwater ecosystems science in the public domain and in the public interest.” - Ontario working to preserve research area (globalnews.ca)	<urn:uuid:f5be5e96-ac72-45bf-998d-2d4fd1cdca7c>	CC-MAIN-2014-23	http://o.canada.com/technology/environment/ontario-premier-kathleen-wynne-intervenes-to-save-federal-freshwater-research-facility	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997888236.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025808-00223-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.967453	784	2.53125	3
An apostrophe ( ' ) is used to indicate the omission of one or more letters in a word (rock 'n' roll), omission of a century in a year ('97), a contraction (they're) and to show possession. When forming possessives of nouns Plural nouns not ending in s, add 's: the women's group, the men's input. Plural nouns ending in s, add only an apostrophe: the players' practice facility. Nouns plural in form, singular in meaning, add only an apostrophe: mathematics' rules, Bronco athletics' code of conduct. Singular nouns not ending in s, add 's: the University's needs. Singular common nouns ending in s, add 's unless the next word begins with s: the hostess's invitation, the hostess' seat. Singular proper nouns ending in s, add only an apostrophe: New Issues' first publication. Compound words, add an apostrophe or 's to the word closest to the object possessed: the general counsel's request. With compound nouns, placement of apostrophes for possession depends on whether the nouns are acting collectively or separately. Jim's and Mary's weddings were both in Kalamazoo. They are not married to each other (two separate weddings). Jim and Mary's weddings were both in Kalamazoo. Jim and Mary have been married twice to each other. An apostrophe following the last name in a series indicates collective possession.	<urn:uuid:b9a99bf5-6f66-4836-9e53-fc8cee0eb436>	CC-MAIN-2013-48	http://wmich.edu/writing/punctuation/apostrophe	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164038376/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133358-00091-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.895244	324	3.03125	3
- Project Pegasus - Aliens Living Among Us - Vril & The Alien Women - The Hollow Earth Theory - Secrets of Ancient Pyramids - Could Ancient Man Fly - Ancient Mayan Space Vehicle Engineered - Flying and Underwater Humanoids - Crystal Sphere of Atlantis - Aliens The Tall Whites - Nephilim Revelations - Biological UFOs - Reincarnation & The Afterlife - UFOs in Ancient History May 1, 2013 Mysterious Hurricane at Saturn's North Pole 2013 The hurricane's eye is about 1,250 miles (2,000 kilometers) wide, 20 times larger than the average hurricane eye on Earth. Thin, bright clouds at the outer edge of the hurricane are traveling 330 mph (150 meters per second). The hurricane swirls inside a large, mysterious, six-sided weather pattern known as the hexagon. A terrestrial hurricane and Saturn's north polar vortex have a central eye with no clouds or very low clouds. Other similar features include high clouds forming an eye wall, other high clouds spiraling around the eye, and a counter-clockwise spin in the northern hemisphere. A major difference between the hurricanes is that the one on Saturn is much bigger than its counterparts on Earth and spins surprisingly fast. At Saturn, the wind in the eye wall blows more than four times faster than hurricane-force winds on Earth. Unlike terrestrial hurricanes, which tend to move, the Saturnian hurricane is locked onto the planet's north pole. On Earth, hurricanes tend to drift northward because of the forces acting on the fast swirls of wind as the planet rotates. source: science.nasa.gov , jpl	<urn:uuid:4fb91f25-0434-4819-a9ac-60adf1fe1e8d>	CC-MAIN-2013-48	http://ufosightingshotspot.blogspot.com/2013/05/mysterious-hurricane-at-saturns-north.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163052912/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131732-00035-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.87025	341	3.578125	4
Daylight-saving time begins at 2 a.m. Sunday, March 8, when most U.S. states will spring forward an hour. And with it come changes in when the sun rises and sets that may affect drivers. The Automobile Club of Southern California urges parents to make sure and instruct children playing outside later in the day to watch out for motorists. During the first weeks of the time change, drivers are advised to use extra caution and to be aware of increased numbers of children and others – like bicyclists, joggers and walkers – who are outdoors in the lighter evening hours. Motorists should drive slower and be extra alert, especially in residential neighborhoods and school zones because more bicyclists, children, joggers, pedestrians, and walkers will be outside biking, playing, running, and walking because of longer daylight hours during the evening commute, according to the Auto Club. Across the nation 726 cyclists’ deaths in 2012 accounted for 2 percent of traffic deaths with California leading the nation with 124 fatalities. Also in 2012, there were 80,743 pedestrian killed and injured in traffic crashes. The deaths represented a 6 percent increase from 2011. On average, a pedestrian was killed every 2 hours and injured every 7 minutes in a crash, according to National Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA) statistics. Of the 4,743 pedestrians killed in 2012, 884 were involved in hit-and-run crashes. Pedestrian fatalities were highest in California (612). In cities with a population of 500,000 or more, in 2012, Los Angeles had 99 and San Diego had 22. Children under age 15 accounted for 6 percent of pedestrian fatalities and 18 percent of all pedestrians injured in traffic crashes, according to NHTSA. Drivers also can expect reduced visibility during the morning commute since the sunrise is not until after 7 a.m. in Los Angeles next week. “The early morning drive to work or school will be darker so drivers can expect impaired visibility,” said Anita Lorz Villagrana, of the Auto Club’s Community Programs and Traffic Safety Dept. “Drivers may need to turn on their headlights, if you begin your commute in the early morning and then turn the headlights off when you reach your destination.” As the morning sun is coming up, it may cause reflections off car windows, hoods or other metallic portions of automobiles and can be a serious hazard, she added. “The glare may cause temporary blindness. To reduce glare, wear high-quality sunglasses and adjust your car’s sun visors as needed,” said Lorz Villagrana. “Late afternoon driving also presents a similar glare problem, so the same recommendations apply.”	<urn:uuid:87e4baf7-a792-4b60-a8e6-c8e8dc40177b>	CC-MAIN-2017-26	http://news.aaa-calif.com/news/drivers:-watch-out-for-cyclists-pedestrians-after-time-change	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320679.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626050425-20170626070425-00383.warc.gz	en	0.955119	563	2.890625	3
The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established to prosecute individuals alleged to have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. From the ICC’s inception, the US objected to the possibility that US nationals could be subject to its jurisdiction. The administration of former US president George W Bush waged an aggressive campaign to persuade states to sign “Article 98”, or bilateral immunity agreements. Those that signed agreed not to transfer US nationals to the ICC. Between 2002 and 2009, sanctions were implemented on states that refused to sign. Venezuela's finance minister, Nelson Merentes, presented a draft 2014 budget to the National Assembly on October 22 that devotes more revenue to social services, while predicting continued economic growth and lower inflation. About 62% of the 551 billion bolivars budget (about $92 billion) would be devoted to social services, compared with 37.7% this year. The UN General Assembly has voted for the 22nd consecutive year to reject the US embargo, with 188 nations opposed the embargo and three abstentions. Only the US and Israel voted in favour of the continuation of the embargo, which has been in place since 1960. The UN resolution is non-binding. On October 29, Cuba's foreign minister Bruno Rodriguez described the embargo as “extraordinary” and “barbaric”. Canada's colonial past is its present, too, however much Prime Minister Stephen Harper seeks to obfuscate the reality of the history of this land. Recent events have served as a prime example of how denial of past colonialism helps to perpetuate ongoing colonial relationships. The flash point is the small town of Rexton, New Brunswick, on Canada's east coast. The growing resistance to fracking — the “hydraulic fracturing” of deep level shale rocks to extract natural gas — promises to reignite the climate movement after the failure of United Nations climate talks in 2009. A feature of the recent march and blockades at Cuadrilla Resources’ drilling site near Balcombe in West Sussex was the diversity of the people involved, as well as the numbers. Local residents were central to the protests, as they have been at Fylde, near Blackpool, where two Cuadrilla fracking operations led to minor earthquakes. From Richmond, California to Ecuador and Romania, communities affected by oil giant Chevron’s operations are rising up to demand justice. Chevron’s response in each case has been consistently irresponsible: Deny any wrongdoing, cover up the extent of corporate malpractice and environmental contamination, and go on the offensive against anyone demanding the company take responsibility for its messes. But lately, the company has really been on a tear, taking its anti-democratic attacks to bold new heights. Candidates from the left-wing Freedom and Refoundation (LIBRE) party, their families and campaign leaders have suffered more killings and armed attacks since May last year than all other political parties in Honduras combined, an October 21 http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001msfnEPYmqw37P16Yj4TbQabe_lXmVQYJIjh6SqTyb... Who was that odd-looking group on bicycles, those white-legged very English-looking people pedalling through the hectic Barcelona traffic? Why were they wearing t-shirts in the colours of the second Spanish Republic (1931-1939), with the words “¡No Pasarán!” embroidered on their sleeves? Dirty Wars: The World is a Battlefield Jeremy Scahill Serpent’s Tail, 2013 642 pages With his first drone strike in Pakistan just a few days after settling into the White House in 2009, the freshly minted Democratic President, Barak Obama, not only authorised the assassination of a handful of probable terrorists but killed up to two dozen innocent civilians. A police raid on a Roma settlement outside the rural town of Farsala in central Greece on October 16 made worldwide headlines. The raid was nothing unusual but, as Associated Press said on October 22, “one of dozens of raids they have carried out on Roma camps in the past few weeks in a crackdown on drug smuggling and burglary gangs”. For police, politicians and media in Europe, the link between Roma (or “Gypsies” to use the racist term favoured by the British press) and crime is self-evident.	<urn:uuid:f570ad0a-e531-4d18-a32a-566dc46f7167>	CC-MAIN-2020-29	https://www.greenleft.org.au/glw-issues/987	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655919952.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711001811-20200711031811-00020.warc.gz	en	0.960049	917	2.609375	3
Weaver Wednesday - Discovery : Loanga Weaver2016-01-20 (693) Weaver Wednesday (species text) Loanga Weaver Ploceus subpersonata IntroductionThe Loanga Weaver was formally described by Jean Louis Cabanis, a German ornithologist. He described 19 weavers, of which 3 are valid weaver species, while working at the Berlin Museum. The Loanga Weaver was collected by Julius Falkenstein, a German physician, who was based in Cabinda from 1873-76. One of his companions on the German Loango Expedition was Paul Gussfeldt who wrote a travel book about this expedition. They explored Cabinda and surrounding DRC. In addition to collecting bird specimens, Falkenstein sent the second gorilla specimen back to Europe. The first illustration of the Loanga Weaver was published in Reichenow (1886). The next illustration relating to this species was a sketch of a male published in Bannerman (1949). The female was collected as late as 1951, described by Chapin (1954), and first illustrated by Westoll (1998). Scientific citationHyphantornis subpersonata Cabanis 1876, J. Orn., 24, p.92 Chinchoxo, Cabinda. Meaning of namessubpersonatus, Latin: sub-, related to; personatus, masked; ref. relationship of this weaver to other masked weavers. First English nameLoango Slender-billed Weaver (Shelley 1905). Alternate namesLoanga Slender-billed Weaver, Loango Slender-billed Weaver, Loango Weaver, Western Golden Weaver. CollectorDr Julius Falkenstein. Date collectedBetween 1873-76. Locality collectedChinchoncho = Chinchoxo, Cabinda, Angola. Type specimensThere should be a type specimen in the Berlin Museum but it was not seen on a visit there.	<urn:uuid:31dfcc04-42be-4d27-b4a3-43a9a9453e4a>	CC-MAIN-2020-24	http://weavers.adu.org.za/newstable.php?id=693	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347413097.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20200531085047-20200531115047-00190.warc.gz	en	0.919414	404	2.875	3
We recommend taking Hebraic Roots: In the Beginning before taking this course to get a better understanding of the material. To get the best experience in the Hebraic Roots Torah courses, we recommend the following sequence, since some of the courses build upon the other: - Hebraic Roots: In the Beginning - The Foundation of Israel - A Hebraic Study from the Book of Genesis - Moses as a Prototype of the Messiah - A Hebraic Study from the Book of Exodus - A Nation Set Apart - A Hebraic Study from the Book of Leviticus - The Ashes of the Red Heifer - A Hebraic Study from the Book of Numbers - The Curses and Blessings of Israel - A Hebraic Study from the Book of Deuteronomy Join International teacher and author Bill Cloud in this fascinating study of the book of Deuteronomy from a Hebraic perspective. Learn about the farewell address of Moses to the Children of Israel, the second telling of the Law, the curses that fell upon Israel for disobedience, and the blessings God promised to Israel. Illuminate this text as you’ve never seen it before through Bill Cloud’s Hebrew word studies, historical context, and Hebraic culture.	<urn:uuid:8b5d3391-1f9a-4e3d-89e7-7f6d77ab9326>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://isow.org/courses/hebraic-roots-deuteronomy/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510697.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930145921-20230930175921-00273.warc.gz	en	0.87449	259	2.546875	3
Dogs have complex ear structure, with long, narrow and twisting canals. This structure often makes them prone to parasites and infection, especially when they have drooping outer ear flaps or long, heavy hair. Blue Power Ear Treatment can be helpful when flushing out your dog's ears, provided that no obstruction or ruptured ear membrane is present. Remember to consult with your dog's veterinarian, especially if any severe inflammation or loss of equilibrium is present. Blue Power Homemade Dog Ear Cleaner Canine Ear Anatomy The canine ear is comprised of three main parts: the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of a fur-covered flap of skin, also called the ear flap or pinnae. Sounds flow into the ear canal through the pinnae. A dog's ear canal is very different from that of a human being's. It long and narrow, consisting of the vertical ear canal and the horizontal ear canal. These parts are connected by a nearly right-angle bend. It is this portion of the ear that can be cleansed with Blue Power Ear Cleaner. The middle ear is separated from the horizontal ear canal by the ear drum, the vibrating membrane that transmits sounds to the bones and hairs of the middle ear, as well as the eustachian tube. The inner ear consists of structures that are responsible for the dog being able to maintain balance. Blue Power Ear Wash The Blue Power Ear Wash solution is formulated from three ingredients that, when combined, have been found to be effective in treating canine ear infections. It is not effective for use with obstructions and should not be used if the dog has a punctured or ruptured ear drum. As with any solution, Blue Power can cause deafness or permanent damage to the ear structure if used with a damaged ear drum. Blue Power is made by mixing 16 ounces of isopropyl alcohol, 4 tablespoons of boric acid and 16 drops of gentian violet. A flexible plastic squeeze bottle, such as a hair dye bottle, should be used to store and dispense the solution. The solution must be shaken prior to each use, to ensure that the ingredients are properly mixed. Blue Power is used by squeezing a generous amount of the solution into the vertical ear canal, allowing the dog to shake her head to remove the excess fluid and wiping the visible portions of the pinnae and ear canal with a cotton ball to remove the remaining droplets. The gentian violet in the solution will stain clothing and perhaps even the dog's ear canal and fur. How Blue Power Works The alcohol that forms the base of the solution is a relatively gentle cleansing solution. It typically will not irritate the inside of the dog's ear, unless the skin of the pinnae or the ear canal is scratched. The boric acid reduces the irritation of the ear. The gentian violet is the ingredient that actually battles the infection. It is believed to be both a bactericide and a fungicide. The ear should be flushed and wiped clean twice a day for 7 to 14 days, to remove any mite infestation or other agent that is causing the irritation or infection. The ear should be flushed and wiped clean once a day for another 7 to 14 days. Once the ear is free of infection, Blue Power can be used to maintain ear health. When Veterinary Assistance is Needed Always have your veterinarian check your dog's ears prior to using Blue Power, especially when your dog is holding her head tilted to one side or if she seems to be clumsier than normal. You will want your veterinarian to check for the presence of foreign substances or obstructions, such as foxtails. Your veterinarian can tell you if your dog's ear drum is intact. Gentian violet should never be used if it is possible that the ear drum is ruptured or punctured, as it is potentially toxic. If the infection appears to have been treated successfully and your dog still shows irritation, your veterinarian should examine her to rule out other physical issues, such as tumors.	<urn:uuid:d1730904-3af5-415a-8a5f-c62207c17786>	CC-MAIN-2020-10	https://www.cuteness.com/article/blue-homemade-dog-ear-cleaner	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146064.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20200225080028-20200225110028-00052.warc.gz	en	0.941134	830	3.078125	3
The illustrator Aubrey Beardsley died the day after Bessemer. But while Bessemer had survived to the age of 85, Beardsley was only 25, killed by the tuberculosis that had dogged him since childhood. The two men could not have been more different. Beardsley was one of the leading figures of the Aestheticism movement, counted Oscar Wilde among his friends and was associated with the scandals that dogged the writer. You can sample Beardsley's instantly recognisable drawing style at http://www.glyphs. com/art/beardsley/. The site at http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/victorian/decadence/ab/beardsleyov.html details his life, plus the lives of other Victorian aesthetes and decadents. To continue reading this article, subscribe to receive access to all of newscientist.com, including 20 years of archive content.	<urn:uuid:1e8f71ca-8148-4015-9213-c99571aad3b9>	CC-MAIN-2014-35	http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg15721253.400-netropolitan----.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535921869.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014521-00188-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.973773	201	2.8125	3
The original idea and construction of Pitti Palace was due to a wealthy Florentine Banker back in the mod 1400's; Luca Pitti. Pitti wanted to build a palace better and bigger than that of the famous and prominent Medici Palace where his friend Cosimo de' Medici lived. Sadly, Luca Pitti found himself in great financial difficult and never saw the building completed before his death in 1472. His family, however, continued with the plan and managed to maintain the estate up until 1549 when a descendant of Luca, Bonaccorso Pitti, had no choice but to sell the palace, and ironically, it was sold to the wife of Cosimo I of the Medici's, Eleonora of Toledo of Tuscany. Very soon after, the elaborate gardens behind the villa were created, better known today as the Boboli Gardens. The Medici's lived in Pitti Palace until the fall of their dynasty in 1737 when it became the Austrian House of Lorraine. In 1869, Pitti Palace became the House of Savoy and was resided in by King Vittorio Emanuele II until 1871. Nearly fifty years later, the king's grandson, Vittorio Emanuele III, donated Pitti Palace to his country. From that time the palace began to be divided into separate galleries and museums which today host numerous priceless collections of art including paintings, sculptures done by well known artists like Raphael, Titan, Correggio and Reubans just to name a few.	<urn:uuid:179c0c4c-5138-4d8e-9746-63183fce3774>	CC-MAIN-2014-10	http://www.hotelalbafirenze.it/en/monuments/10-palazzo-pitti	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394023864525/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305125104-00064-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.980868	322	2.890625	3
The McKenna Cross stands in the Old Donagh Graveyard, 3.5Km from Emyvale and 1Km from Glaslough. It dates from the 12th century and is almost 7ft. In height. According to local tradition it was in the shadow of this Cross that the McKenna chieftains were inaugurated as Leaders of their Clann. It was obviously deliberately knocked down by ‘the Planters’ of the early 17th century and lay buried in the ground until discovered by a member of the Leslie family c.1830. It was knocked or blown down again at a later date and again lay buried until 1910, when it was re-discovered by Sir Shane Leslie, who had it erected in its present location. The stem appears short but actually stands 6ft. 2ins. In height. A concrete collar of 18ins. Surrounds the lower part of the stem, keeping the two broken parts together. To the left is the McKenna Grave, which is in Donagh Old Graveyard. Many of the McKenna Chieftains are buried here. Here Seamus McCluskey acts as tour guide for a visit be the McKenna Clan. In the foreground is the stump, regarded as the original site of the McKenna Cross. It is now referred to as - ‘The Wart Well’ as locals claim that the water trapped in the stump cures warts.	<urn:uuid:780470b3-fcb3-469f-9ce8-9fe8ba84a4f4>	CC-MAIN-2013-20	http://www.emyvale.net/page5.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368710196013/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516131636-00054-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.974141	298	2.515625	3
Private Tom McCormack of the 1st Battalion, Queen’s Own Cameron Highlanders photographed while wounded. He was taken prisoner during the St. Nazaire Raid (Operation Chariot) in March 1942. He died of his wounds 11 April 1942 at the age of 25. P. Krivonogov. Soviet Cavalry Fighting Near Moscow. In [the German] army, all cavalry except one lone division had been replaced by Panzer units. That was a mistake so far as the Eastern Campaign was concerned. The Russian successfully followed another course. The LIII Infantry Corps quite often encountered Russian cavalry divisions, and once a cavalry corps comprising three cavalry elements—always in situations in which cavalry was a suitable arm for the enemy’s purpose. Under Eastern conditions, as characterized in Central Russia by great forest and swamp areas, muddy periods, and deep snow, cavalry is an arm without peer. Where the motor failed, the horse’s legs continued to move. - Erhard Raus, Peculiarities of Russian Warfare Contrary to popular belief, cavalry in WWII was actually pretty damn effective sometimes. Polish partisan during the Warsaw Uprising. I wonder if he survived. That’s the thing with historical pictures. Nine times out of ten you have no idea how a story ends. You just see a single frame of it, not the moments that led to it or the ones that followed. With luck, you’ll get the name of the people depicted, and if you’re very lucky you’ll learn their fate. Otherwise, unless you do extensive research that could take a very long time, you’d be left to makes assumptions. Whether a person survived and lived a long and happy life, or whether they were shot or stabbed or blown up just a few minutes after the photo was taken. Sometimes I just really think about that stuff. Air battle over the Western Desert, c.1941-1943, by Peter McIntyre. Artillerymen from the 10th Mountain Division operate their M1A1 75mm pack howitzer. These compact guns were the main heavy support within the 10th, and could be disassembled for transport by mule. An M1919 gunner prepares to cover his fellow mountain troopers as they advance through the Italian countryside. Ukrainian Lyudmila Pavlichenko was a Soviet sniper during WWII. Credited with 309 kills, she is often regarded as the most successful female sniper in history. She was also the first member of the Soviet Union to be accepted into the White House and had the following to say about US media: I am amazed at the kind of questions put to me by the women press correspondents in Washington. Don’t they know there is a war? They asked me silly questions such as do I use powder and rouge and nail polish and do I curl my hair? One reporter even criticized the length of the skirt of my uniform, saying that in America women wear shorter skirts and besides my uniform made me look fat…This made me angry. I wear my uniform with honor. It has the Order of Lenin on it. It has been covered with blood in battle. It is plain to see that with American women what is important is whether they wear silk underwear under their uniforms. What the uniform stands for, they have yet to learn. An M29 Weasel, loaded to the brim with toboggans. July 26, 1940 - President Roosevelt restricted the export of aviation gasoline and certain classes of iron and steel to Japan. July 26, 1941 - Douglas MacArthur was recalled by the US Army to active service as the commander of units in the Far East. July 26, 1942 – Oivi, Australian Papua was attacked by Japanese troops. July 26, 1943 - An operation to rescue Mussolini from his arrest was ordered by Adolf Hitler. July 26, 1944 - US forces broke through near Saint-Lô, France, forcing German troops from the Normandy region. July 26, 1945 – Winston Churchill resigned as the Prime Minister of Britain. A old ww2 Canadian training video on the Boys anti tank rifle. Take look at how to do the basic such as how it works,reloading,aiming,firing,etc. Enjoy	<urn:uuid:eaf7da71-3c2d-41c7-b909-b3cb4b8b6ee3>	CC-MAIN-2014-15	http://taco-man-andre.tumblr.com/tagged/wwii	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223203235.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032003-00309-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.975643	889	2.546875	3
This page is referenced by: The Postwar and the Reconsecration/Reinforcement of Sacred Space This page discusses the fate of Japanese sacred spaces, and the reinvigoration of Taiwanese, following the end of Japanese rule. Evan N. Dawley, Becoming Taiwanese Evan N. Dawley Shrine to the National Martyrs Japanese rule of Taiwan came to an end following Japan's surrender to the Allies on August 15, 1945. The Dianji Temple built itself a new central altar for Kaizhang Shengwang in 1946, an act that marked the beginning of a long period of florescence for religions in Taiwan. On a purely statistical level, the number of temples exploded in Jilong, with almost 50 new institutions established between 1951 and 1992. The Joint Deity-Welcoming Festival proved to be a historical blip as it does not seem to have been practiced after the war, and the individual deity festivals in Jilong are certainly smaller than their pre-war antecedents, but the temples themselves have flourished. The Qing'an has gone through several renovations, including of its main gate and its restoration stele, since the early 1960s. It is also the heart of Jilong's Ghost Festival, the annual event for which the city is most well-known. The Dianji has also been restored and Jilong's famous Temple-mouth Night Market (Miaokou yeshi) sprawls outward from its courtyard. Even as they have flourished in the postwar, they retain physical ties to the colonial era, when they served as bulwarks of Taiwanese sacred geography: they hold stelae marking moments of reconstruction, and have dates inscribed upon them that are in the Japanese style, with the reign names of Japan's Meiji, Taishō, and Shōwa Emperors. The Lingquan Temple did particularly well immediately following the transfer of sovereignty, promptly taking over control of the former Kōzonji and reconsecrating it as one of its own branches (that site subsequently became a branch of the globally oriented Foguang shan) and establishing the Jilong branch of the officially sanctioned China Buddhist Association. It has remained one of Taiwan's most important monastery-temples, with a relatively new opulent structure that dwarfs the remnants of Shanhui's original institution. The most dramatic example of reconsecration, of redrawing the sacred geography by overwriting a piece of Japanese sacred space, concerned the Jilong Shrine. By late in 1946, the new Jilong municipal government decided to transform the location into a Shrine to the National Martyrs (Zhonglie ci), and budgeted 60,000 yuan for the project, as briefly noted in an article in Minbao, one of the first Chinese-language newspapers to begin publishing in Taiwan after the end of the Japanese era: Jilong City is planning to construct a Shrine to the National Martyrs and is selecting a site for the location. Today it decided to use the original location of the Jilong Shrine, with a cost currently estimated at 60,000 yuan. This decision paralleled one taken in Taipei, where officials designated the Taiwan Shrine—which had been consecrated to Japan's war dead late in the Pacific War—as the Taiwan Province Shrine to the National Martyrs. That plan was never fulfilled, and the site of the Taiwan Shrine became the home of the Yuanshan Grand Hotel, but similar acts occurred in Tainan and Taoyuan. In Jilong, at least, this reconsecration seems to have held little significance for local residents: although the Martyrs' Shrine and its gateway are maintained in good order, the most frequent visitors seem to be feral dogs, and it takes some hunting through the underbrush to locate the stone lions donated a century ago by Japanese businessmen that stand as the main reminders of what the site used to be. Yet, the significance of the Japanese colonial period for Taiwan's sacred geography is far more important than these relics and repurposed spaces suggest: the most important temples that populate that city, linking sacred and profane space, rose to prominence between 1895 and 1945, when Jilong reached its apogee of urban significance. Since that time, the map has been redrawn, and the physical geography has become much more densely filled with new sacred sites. A tremendous quantity of such locations, in Jilong and across Taiwan, appeared after 1945, with the real explosion beginning in the late 1960s. At that time, the KMT regime launched a program to distinguish the Republic of China from the People's Republic of China. The latter was in the midst of its Cultural Revolution, with its fearsome attacks on all manifestations of old culture, including temples, and so the government on Taiwan resolved to make the former the bastion of so-called true, traditional Chinese culture. The KMT's project of sacred reterritorialization failed, like the Japanese one before it, because the people who created and supported this remarkable surge in temple construction in fact replicated a key method of identity expression developed to resist Japanese colonization. The difference, and the reason for the tremendous density of sacred places covering a much greater area of the physical terrain, was that state policies now encouraged rather then suppressed the act. However, the ongoing expansion of Taiwanese sacred geography overwhelmed the initial Sinicizing goal.	<urn:uuid:691701e3-a3e2-471d-bebc-4993fe1da4bb>	CC-MAIN-2023-50	https://scalar.chass.ncsu.edu/bodies-and-structures-2/media/new-lingquan-temple-2005.4	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100057.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129073519-20231129103519-00774.warc.gz	en	0.957065	1,105	2.9375	3
The Montessori Method recognizes the whole child and thus the classroom environment is structured to support that. The teacher sets the tone and expectations for the atmosphere of the classroom through modeling and expectations. Early childhood is a time of activity, self expression, and early forays into developing relationships. Through play, daily experiences, stories, demonstrations, discussions, and practice, children begin to learn social problem solving skills and how to identify and regulate emotions. They learn that emotions are natural. They practice strategies for expressing and governing them in healthy ways. Children are encouraged to discuss problems that arise and to create solutions. Regular guidance from the teachers and daily practice help them gain skills and confidence that build a base for lifelong success. The physical environment is rich in visual and auditory stimulation with varied musical and art equipment, posters, globes, maps, wall hangings, etc. Materials are placed neatly on child-sized shelves and furniture to encourage exploration and use. The children are directed to choose an activity, complete it and replace it before choosing another. Because the children have freedom of choice in activities, in an atmosphere of quiet discipline, mutual respect, and reasonable behavior, a positive self-image emerges. All materials are self-correcting and the teacher intervenes only when necessary to introduce a child to new materials or to direct group activities. Most of the children work individually or in small groups. The different areas of the Sunnybrook classroom can be divided into the following: Practical Life: The Practical Life Area is where children learn daily life skills as sweeping, pouring, cutting and serving food, washing tables, and folding napkins. This works with a child’s desire to imitate the activities of daily life around them. These activities also help develop hand and finger coordination and muscle control. Practical life activities are varied, but start with preliminary skills such as rolling a mat, walking around a mat, and setting a chair correctly into place. Other focuses are social graces (using “please”, “thank you”, “excuse me”), care and respect for self (tying shoe laces, hand washing), care and respect for the Montessori community/environment (sweeping the floor, keeping the classroom neat), and life skills. Sensorial: The Sensorial Area teaches such concepts as longest and shortest, thickest and thinnest etc., using materials such as Red Rods, Broad Stairs, and Cylinder Blocks. The sensorial work assists in the development of mathematics and language-specifically such concepts as base ten, measurement (size,weight, length), mathematical relationships, left to right eye movement, attention span, auditory/visual discrimination, prehension, vocabulary and eye hand coordination. Each piece of equipment has a single focus or “abstraction” -an isolation of a property. These materials are designed to be self-correcting. If the child has done the activity correctly the child can see the completion-if it has not been done correctly he/she will be able to reexamine the materials and determine on his/her own what needs to happen. This develops the child’s sense of accomplishment and confidence. Mathematics: The Math Area uses concrete experience with appropriate material to foster an abstract concept of mathematics. The math exercises at Sunnybrook are all hands-on experiences. The children explore math concepts including counting and arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, 1-20), number representation by graphic symbol, exercises with number associations of symbol with quantity (1-1000), lessons in zero, decimal lessons and basic algebraic functions (binomial, trinomial cubes), counting money to $1.00 and telling time. There is also an emphasis on problem solving. Language: The Language Area develops literacy skills through the child’s senses – auditory through listening to rhymes, syllables, and individual sounds of words, ; visual through matching pictures, designs, letters, and words; and tactile through using sandpaper letters to foster muscle memory of sounds. The language exercises in the Montessori classroom move from concrete in-the-hand experiences to the abstract. Children have opportunities for conversation, stories, poetry, plays, songs, chants and rhymes. Through the Montessori materials we stress the alphabetic principle, systematic relationships between letters and sounds, linguistic and phonemic awareness, vocabulary development, letter naming, comprehension, and developmental writing (example: scribbling, letters to represent words, invented spelling etc.). Science, Nature & Culture: Children at Sunnybrook explore geography, biology, botany, and zoology. Nature exploration and outdoor time is an essential aspect of the Sunnybrook curriculum. Natural items regularly visit the classroom for more thorough observation. Through hands on exploration, stories, conversations, and examination of maps, images, books, and music children become acquainted with the diversity of cultures, creatures, land-forms, and habitats of the earth. They are introduced to the characteristics of living and non-living beings and objects. They explore plants, animals, water, air, and begin to recognize the interdependence of living beings. They also begin to develop an understanding of their individuality, their place in the world, and the magnitude of the universe. Art & Music: The classroom is designed to involve the children in creative expression daily. Art and music are integrated into all areas of the classroom-whether it is listening to complex musical arrangements while working on other projects, or using drawing skills to represent letter sounds. Because of the young nature of the children our emphasis with art is on process, not product. Daily art supplies include watercolors, clay, markers, pastels, paper, scissors and glue. The teacher often introduces a variety of artists through examples of art work or literature. Children also have opportunities to complete theme based art projects. Once a year the Sunnybrook children complete a special project for the art show. In the past children have created wool balls, used recycled materials to create self-portraits, and created pictures from their favorite books. The Montessori classroom focuses on the key elements of music-pitch, rhythm, duration, intensity, tambour, tone, form, style, and historical and cultural contexts. To accomplish these aims the Sunnybrook children sing, play instruments, dance and listen to music under the careful facilitation of the Montessori teacher.	<urn:uuid:a5580275-c39f-402a-acdd-a30e96e95784>	CC-MAIN-2020-05	http://sunnybrookmontessori.org/about-our-school/the-classroom/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250594209.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20200119035851-20200119063851-00103.warc.gz	en	0.921783	1,310	4.03125	4
You can cut energy costs and make an environmental stand by using green energy at home. You do not have to buy electric cars to make this possible. Continue on for some simple tips that will show you how to turn your home into one that is energy efficient on any type of budget. Consider installing solar powered lamps for outdoor lighting. These lamps require now power source, except the sun, and are generally inexpensive. This saves a lot of energy! It also means you don’t need to wire your outdoor lights. You can conserve energy by shading your windows from sunlight. Adding some window coverings can also help. By doing these things, you’ll lower the amount you need to run your air conditioner in the summer, as your home will already be cooler. You will save both money and energy in the process. When you are away from home, use window coverings. Heavy drapes help keep you home cool, resulting in energy savings. Usually, the windows facing the south get more sun because of where they are in the house. Think about covering all of your windows with different types of shades and curtains. Try solar water heaters instead of traditional ones. If you live in an area where freezing temperatures are not a problem, you can purchase a system that heats water through a heater that is solar before it pumps it in your home. However, consider that you may still need a traditional heater if you will be using a great deal of hot water, or if the sun does not come out for some time. Find out about various energy sources that are available in your area. Be sure to look at the legislation and incentives available for using green utilities. You may find that switching to one or another may provide a reduction in energy use and cost. When determining the economical impact of a PV solar system, be sure to run a calculation using the hours of winter sunlight. Using this metric means you will meet your energy needs in the winter, while greatly exceeding them in the summer. If your electric company bills on net usage, you will actually make money because yu generate more power than you consume. Keep your home better insulated and control warm and cool air better by installing storm windows and doors. Storm windows and storm doors reduce the amount of cold air entering the home in the form of drafts. Energy efficiency can be increased up to 45% in a home with storm windows and doors. Be sure to learn more about passive and active solar power. Active power is the power stored for later use and passive doesn’t require pricey cells for storing power. Installing an active solar system requires more money and work, with panels and an entire system. Passive systems simply use the sun’s energy to heat your house or water. Changing your furnace filter, using light bulbs which are energy efficient and using an energy efficient thermostat are all easy steps you can take to reduce energy use. Set an example so others will realize how important going green can be! Keep in mind all that you learned and apply this knowledge as soon as possible.…	<urn:uuid:de88f680-a903-440a-8d1a-bead9de7fd1d>	CC-MAIN-2020-29	https://edisonyang.com/2019/03/05/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657131734.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20200712051058-20200712081058-00068.warc.gz	en	0.934464	625	2.671875	3
Does the name Crito bring a memory? He was Socrates’ friend and, when Socrates had wrongfully been condemned to death, Crito tried to persuade him to escape. But Socrates refused. He argued that such action would be against the laws of Athens. Breaking one law would in effect be the same as breaking any other law. He had chosen to live his life in Athens, and he had enjoyed the benefits of that, including those laws. He had therefore no right to break them. Whether we agree with him or not, we are still faced by the question of the Social Contract. That is, we all accept the laws of the country even if we dislike some of them. By choosing to live, and benefit from, our society we undertake to accept the rules of that society – which are intended for the society’s welfare. Philosophers have argued the Social Contract over the ages. Starting with Aristotle and Socrates, other names are Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau and, in the 20th century, Nozick and Rawls. We find it implicitly in the Bible: the social commandments, such as “Thou shalt not steal”, are principles derived from the Social Contract. Something so fundamental is likely to have an element related to evolution. And that is certainly so. In primitive times it was necessary to be a member of a group, otherwise survival would be unlikely. It was also necessary to be wary of other groups: there was always danger from “foreigners”. It follows that those humans who favoured being in a group, and being wary of strangers, were more likely to survive and, more importantly for evolution, to breed and protect their young. So our inherited tendency is to live in a group and to share that group’s assumptions and values. It is not all sunshine – there are dangers, too. The most obvious one is our tendency to share the views of our group. We accept unthinkingly, and we find it painful to question, and perhaps reject, the views of our group. We see a distorted version in the current use of social media whose validity is not based on logic and evidence but merely on the numbers who agree. We also find it inevitable to make broad judgments about identifiable groups. These are myriad. They can range from gender: “typical of men’, ‘typical of women’ to ‘typical of the Irish’, typical of the Italians’, to accent: ‘upper class’, ‘working class’. We simply don’t have the time to investigate, we need to generalise. Most of the time such judgments result in mere stupidity rather than maliciousness. But not always. How do people generally judge Catholics, or atheists? And, of course the Jews and the Muslims – you do not need me to develop the outcome of that. How do we cope with our tendencies to generalise? Perhaps readers will have some ideas. But I know that we must start from accepting that we do generalise, and in fact that we need to do so in practice. Once we recognise that, it becomes possible to review our judgments in the light of that. And that is a difficult habit to maintain. At this moment I am aware of this need – because I have been thinking and writing about it. But tomorrow, if I am not careful, I will slip back to my guilty habit of prejudice. // How do we cope with our tendencies to generalise? // I don’t consider myself a part of any group to the extent that I feel compelled to think and speak like most or all of its members concerning any issue or idea in ways that conflict substantially with the thought and speech of most or all members of other groups. I have some reason to believe I’m an outlier in that way, at least within this country, but I wonder whether that belief may not be a conclusion conditioned by what I read and hear more than by objective observation. The mass media certainly promote the idea that hostile groupings have become the norm here, and I think it’s likely that most people are inclined to accept as truth whatever ideas the media promote. Promoting the image of a nation filled with people at one another’s throats serves the media well, in that it provides a stage upon which there’s continual fighting, and it’s probably a valid generalization that people are drawn to fights. In other words, I’m suggesting that the media, in painting an image of endless ideological warfare, are putting on a show that keeps the spotlight of public attention on the media and the media people themselves. // We accept unthinkingly, and we find it painful to question, and perhaps reject, the views of our group. // That would depend on many variables, among them the sort of group, the sort of individual, the circumstances surrounding and confining the individual, the temper of the times, the existential importance of the issue, and the magnitude of the consequences likely to attend an individual’s apostasy. How do we cope with our tendencies to generalise? Well of all the silly questions I have heard this one ranks close to top of the list. Every thinking person knows that generalising is a fools game – and fools are always to be found among those who like to think of themselves as the “intelligentia”. The fact is, as we all know, only too well, you can never find a grain of truth in what “experts” say. It is the plain people, of humble origins, who alone can be relied on. Always. They know that a spade is a spade and those who contradict them inevitably end up confused. Nobody doubts for a moment where the confused end up. Either doing research of occupying high office. And what does it all lead to? In the end you simply trust in the majority view in any democracy. That way the confident increase in number and those who hold to right reason, prevail. No doubt my words resonate with you all and in anticipation of your unanimous acclaim let me just say in the end, it is not just me saying so, the fact is, we are basically, all the same. // No doubt my words resonate with you all and in anticipation of your unanimous acclaim let me just say in the end, it is not just me saying so, the fact is, we are basically, all the same. // Touché, I think. Galerimo, I’m trying to discern whether your post is a spoof or just utter rubbish. The hatred of people who are well educated is becoming an increasing challenge to our society. I’m sure when you go to the doctor, you want him or her to be highly educated. I presume you would like the teachers of English in our schools to have a sound formation in the language from Bede through Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton etc. I presume you would like to be sure that architects are competent to the task of creating major buildings. Could you perhaps define major roles that would be better performed by people who are not highly educated? Einstein, I believe, described common sense as the name we give to prejudices acquired before age 18 and in Einstein’s usage you post seems to be utter common sense. // The hatred of people who are well educated is becoming an increasing challenge to our society. // Really? Hatred? I haven’t noticed that. Could you give an example or two? All generalisations are false ….. including that one. ‘We are basically all the same’ is just as false a generalisation. We are all subject to the same essence/life/creation … whatever …. yes. But all have a specific awareness of subjective self (even those who experience unity with all) within that ‘whatever’ as different. And, of course, that generalisation is just as false as any other …. Racism is an ugly business that insults, devalues, and marginalises someone who looks or may sound different from the majority of cultural groups. As someone who experienced lots of racism in both primary and secondary school from other students, the bright side, without trying to be immodest is the empathy and understanding of what any Aboriginal, Asian, or African experiences daily in our society. Racism is pervasive and implicit in every society, and there is no guarantee that victims of racism will always restrain their racist preferences and impulses. As a young student, it saddened educational experiences that otherwise would have been enjoyable. One can become overly despondent about the racism they perceive is in their community. Yes, there is racism, but faulty perceptions of racism can be at play in any context. Any person has a right to choose who their friends are and whom an individual prefers for company. Preferences such as this are not racist in the least. Prejudice is normal, natural, necessary. One works to keep it from getting out of hand, of course, but you certainly can’t eliminate it, nor would a sane person try. What’s happening in today’s Western countries is that the dominant culture makers are declaring that certain areas are prejudice-free zones. If anyone admits to possessing even a microscopic amount of prejudice in one of these areas, he’s condemned a vile creature, ostracized, cast out, even imprisoned. That’s sick, but the cultural establishment have declared it healthy. Most of the Western world is, for the moment, upside down. I think it is inevitable that we have stereotypes as a working hypothesis with new people and in certain situations. We need to realise that is what we are doing and keep our minds open to revision as our knowledge and circumstances develop. Sometimes our gut reactions can turn out to be correct, but very often things and people are not at all what they seemed to be at first. We should be very careful in recognising and acknowledging any instinctive prejudices and preventing them from influencing our behaviour, so that we do not cause the kind of suffering John Candido describes. Alas we soak up our surroundings from an early age. Impressions are then pretty much tattooed biochemically upon our foreheads! Fortunately they remain invisible, unless voiced or acted upon. If we do not act upon them then they tend to wither, acted against they can be almost removed..but, like reducing a tattoo, acting against our deeply ingrained tribal hatreds and hostilities can be both costly and painful. In my case I have enough prejudice to pass a bill of hatred and extermination against anything that moves, ah well, such is life 🙂 // acting against our deeply ingrained tribal hatreds and hostilities // Are you implying that everyone is crippled by hatred? I wish the media and the academy and the ideological zealots would choose their words not for their propagandistic, emotional effect but for honest linguistic precision. For example, the word “hatred” has lately been used widely in the media so carelessly that it has effectively lost much of its core meaning of open anger, rage, egregious intensity. It’s both presumptuous and dishonest to attempt to force language change like this. We all have conflicting feelings of varying intensity about, probably, millions of things, but I very much doubt that we’re all haters at heart. // We should be very careful in recognising and acknowledging any instinctive prejudices and preventing them from influencing our behaviour, so that we do not cause the kind of suffering John Candido describes. // Anent that: John, I was puzzled by your remarks. Would it be out of line to ask you to expand on that a bit? What part of my remarks did you find puzzling? John Candido writes: // What part of my remarks did you find puzzling? // These parts, John: // As someone who experienced lots of racism in both primary and secondary school from other students As a young student, it saddened educational experiences that otherwise would have been enjoyable. // I was puzzled because it seemed, on the face of it, at least, so unlikely that someone named “John Candido” would be a victim of racism in British or American schools. Of course, your experiences may not have happened in Britain or America, or you may have been adopted, or John Candido may be a pen name. I confess that my curiosity was sparked by a very small thing, and if my curiosity is offensive, please know that my intention was in no way intended to offend. ‘As someone who experienced lots of racism in both primary and secondary school from other students’. I don’t know what to say other than I was there and I got the treatment. I live in Australia, and I cannot say that Australia is more or less racist than anywhere else in the world. The appropriate time is the 1960s and 1970s, and again, I am not sure if I can say that racism was more virulent during this time and place. ‘As a young student, it saddened educational experiences that otherwise would have been enjoyable.’ Being younger usually means that I at least, do not have a flexible response to these stresses. Philosophical reflection and compassion for those who do not like you are for much older people who have some life-experience behind them. Any more questions, David? We don’t make decisions on the basis of a tabula rasa which takes no account of previous experience. Prejudice is not only useful, but justified and morally defensible. Churchill would not make peace with Hitler although in 1941 it might have appeared the only rational course. He did not believe that Hitler would keep to any promises he made. Prejudice? Certainly. A particular form of prejudice is a standard way of behaving and has nothing to do with racism. Humans need the capacity to classify objects in front of them to get through any day. When a person draws on discrimination; one’s past experiences, personal insights, and an efficient way of coping with what is in front of you has naught to do with racism. What can we make of discrimination as ‘useful’, ‘justified’, and ‘morally defensible’ as in the case of Churchill facing that scoundrel Adolf Hitler in 1941? Thank God for people like Sir Winston Churchill! When a society is endangered by a lunatic, nothing short of the devil with a superior wit will do. Alan said …. ‘Prejudice is normal, natural, necessary.’ John said …. ‘Prejudice is not only useful, but justified and morally defensible.’ Prejudice: preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Discernment (the ability to judge well) is necessary. Prejudice is self serving. Prejudice is sanctioned & instilled by anyone wishing to obliterate discernment. Prejudice is resisted by having the courage to discern, and act in accordance with it. Anyone wishing to stop discernment labels it as prejudice. and i add … Discernment is not always necessarily based on reason or prior experiences# … Beware of defining terms too narrowly. An opinion or judgement arrived at beforehand may indeed be based on actual experience, but it’s still prejudice. “Are you implying that everyone is crippled by hatred?” No, I don’t think that meaning can be directly inferred from the sentence. That we are capable of deep and vicious hatred can be seen from the examination of any sectarian conflict:. Bosnia, Ireland, Rwanda, Algeria…the list could fill a page could it not? That humanity is’ capable’ of hatred does not mean we are all crippled by it. Hatred is a part of the human possibility but that does not mean all of humanity is ‘crippled’ by it…a bit of hyperbole creeping in here? There is a popular controversialist, Jordan Peterson, who argues from his study of psychology and history that we are all innately capable of the sorts of crimes perpetrated by Hitler, Stalin, Pol Pot et al. The Stanford Prison Experiment seems to indicate this happens quite easily and rapidly when people are placed in positions of particular power. I think it’s important that none of us feel we have sufficient moral character or rational will to be immune to these tendencies. Yes of course. It should be painfully obvious that since humanity is common to us all then so is hatred, intentional cruelty and the potential to kill without a qualm. As someone once said- the distance from a raised eyebrow to a crucifixion is only a matter of degree. To refuse this possibility is fundamentally to deny our own nature. Of course we don’t like the idea, but history tells its own and different story..	<urn:uuid:456b7b30-2210-4f24-8aac-6ad1333be7d7>	CC-MAIN-2023-14	https://secondsightblog.net/2019/09/12/prejudice/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945218.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323225049-20230324015049-00134.warc.gz	en	0.964478	3,571	3.046875	3
Supporting phonics at home Here you will find a selection of resources that will hopefully support the learning of phonics and reading at home. At school, we teach Read Write Inc in small groups, following clear expectations and guidelines for the children. At home, you can follow a similar routine if you wish. We intended to deliver training on this during the Spring term and will do so once school is back - these are the training materials. If you have any questions, please email Mr English at email@example.com. The training materials can be found below: Read Write Inc resources The official Read Write Inc website has a great many resources to support parents. Here you can find pronunciation guides, sound lists and worksheets to support you at home. Green words are word that children will be expected to sound out - blend - as they learn the sounds. Below are examples of them: Red words are words that cannot easily be sounded out. Pupils are expected to learn them to read off by heart. You can support children to learn these through various ways, such as: The red word lists can be found below: Read Write Inc during school closures At this time, Read Write Inc are providing daily YouTube videos for teach teaching speed sounds. There are daily videos for Set One, Two and Three sounds. You can find them from the link below: Free home reading books The Oxford Owl website offers free e-books for families these will be linked to the reading level of your child at school. You will need to register and it is free. Collins publishing: free eBooks Collins have also opened up many of their reading books available for parents for free. Please follow the weblink below for instructions upon how to access these.	<urn:uuid:b5e284ba-db92-42fc-918a-42baf7a084f5>	CC-MAIN-2020-24	https://www.stpeterscatholicprimary.com/phonics-support-links/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348502097.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20200605143036-20200605173036-00401.warc.gz	en	0.955935	372	3.78125	4
Applied Kinesiology (A.K.) is an interdisciplinary approach to health care, which draws together the core elements of complementary therapies, creating a more unified approach to the diagnosis and treatment of functional illness. A.K. uses functional assessment measures such as posture and gait analysis, manual muscle testing as functional neurologic evaluation, range of motion, static palpation, and motion analysis. These assessments are used in conjunction with standard methods of diagnosis, such as clinical history, physical examination findings, laboratory tests, and instrumentation to develop a clinical impression of the unique physiologic condition of each patient including an impression of the patient’s functional physiologic status. When appropriate, this clinical impression is used as a guide to the application of conservative physiologic therapeutics. In general, the applied kinesiologist finds a muscle that tests weak and then attempts to determine why that muscle is not functioning properly. The practitioner will then evaluate and apply the therapy that will best eliminate the muscle weakness and help the patient. Therapies utilized can include specific joint manipulation or mobilization, various myofascial therapies, cranial techniques, meridian therapy, clinical nutrition, dietary management and various reflex procedures. In some cases, the examiner may test for environmental or food sensitivities by using a previously strong muscle to find what weakens it. Often the indication of dysfunction is the failure of a muscle to perform properly during the manual muscle test. This may be due to improper facilitation or neuromuscular inhibition. In theory some of the proposed etiologies for the muscle dysfunction are as follows: - Myofascial or proprioceptive dysfunctions and micro avulsions - Peripheral nerve entrapment - Spinal segmental facilitation and deafferentation - Neurologic disorganization - Viscerosomatic relationships (aberrant autonomic reflexes) - Nutritional inadequacy - Toxic chemical influences - Dysfunction in production or circulation of cerebrospinal fluid - Adverse mechanical tension in the meningeal membranes - Meridian system imbalance - Lymphatic and vascular impairment In 1964, Dr. Goodheart made an observation that a weak muscle could be treated and the strength immediately improved. From this simple observation, he began a life -long search for other treatment methods that could improve muscle strength. Along the way, he discovered factors that could negatively affect the strength and functioning of muscles. In the beginning, he named this area of investigation and discovery applied kinesiology. He chose to use the term kinesiology, as this implies the study of motion, movement and muscle function. He added the term applied because what he was doing was not the discipline of standard kinesiology. Applied kinesiology is best described as a technique using muscle testing as a diagnostic tool to augment the examination skills that a health care professional has learned. These findings then allow an integrated approach of differing therapies that are appropriate for the patient.	<urn:uuid:c28a45db-eb12-4413-9461-c6bdf57dfb55>	CC-MAIN-2023-40	https://www.holzewellness.com/applied-kinesiology/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510085.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925183615-20230925213615-00892.warc.gz	en	0.91355	607	3.015625	3

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