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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Election of 1912 | Assassination attempt",
"text": "On October 14, 1912, while campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Roosevelt was shot by a saloonkeeper named John Flammang Schrank."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Election of 1912 | Assassination attempt",
"text": "The bullet lodged in his chest after penetrating his steel eyeglass case and passing through a thick (50 pages) single-folded copy of the speech titled \"Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual\", which he was carrying in his jacket."
}
] |
JBvo7iam65jf6HLcDBQ6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1901–1909) | Foreign policy | Japan",
"text": "Also attending this 1915 event was Count Chinda Sutemi Japanese Ambassador to the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Audiovisual media",
"text": "Several of his recorded speeches survive."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Election of 1912 | Assassination attempt",
"text": "On October 14, 1912, while campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Roosevelt was shot by a saloonkeeper named John Flammang Schrank."
},
{
"section_header": "Character and beliefs | Strenuous life",
"text": "Roosevelt had a lifelong interest in pursuing what he called, in an 1899 speech, \"The Strenuous Life\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Emergence as a national figure | War in Cuba",
"text": "After returning to civilian life, Roosevelt preferred to be known as \"Colonel Roosevelt\" or \"The Colonel\", though \"Teddy\" remained much more popular with the public, even though Roosevelt openly despised that moniker."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1901–1909) | Foreign policy | Japan",
"text": "Both Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft respectfully attended this goodwill event where important issues linked to U.S. Japan relations and the recent outbreak of WWI were discussed."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1901–1909) | Foreign policy | Japan",
"text": "These events were part of the U.S. goal of transitioning into a naval world power, but she needed to find a way to avoid a military confrontation in the Pacific with Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Election of 1912 | Assassination attempt",
"text": "Instead, he delivered his scheduled speech with blood seeping into his shirt."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Election of 1912 | Assassination attempt",
"text": "He spoke for 90 minutes before completing his speech and accepting medical attention."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1901–1909)",
"text": "On September 6, 1901, President McKinley was attending the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York when he was shot by Leon Czolgosz."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Election of 1912 | Assassination attempt",
"text": "The bullet lodged in his chest after penetrating his steel eyeglass case and passing through a thick (50 pages) single-folded copy of the speech titled \"Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual\", which he was carrying in his jacket."
}
] |
Teddy Roosevelt was shot at a speech event.
| 0 | 0 |
Theodore Roosevelt
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Website | Like button",
"text": "The like button was extended to comments in June 2010."
}
] |
JDIRhIPGDxZOoqx5y3pS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Website | Like button",
"text": "The \"like\" button, stylized as a \"thumbs up\" icon, was first enabled on February 9, 2009, and enables users to easily interact with status updates, comments, photos and videos, links shared by friends, and advertisements."
},
{
"section_header": "Website | Like button",
"text": "The like button was extended to comments in June 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Website | Like button",
"text": "The button displays the number of other users who have liked the content."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2012: Public access, Microsoft alliance, and rapid growth",
"text": "In September 2009, Facebook said that it had achieved positive cash flow for the first time."
},
{
"section_header": "Website | Like button",
"text": "In late April 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic, a new \"Care\" reaction was added."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2012: Public access, Microsoft alliance, and rapid growth",
"text": "China blocked Facebook in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2012: Public access, Microsoft alliance, and rapid growth",
"text": "Organization pages began rolling out in May 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2012: Public access, Microsoft alliance, and rapid growth",
"text": "A January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook"
},
{
"section_header": "Website | Like button",
"text": "Once clicked by a user, the designated content is more likely to appear in friends' News Feeds."
},
{
"section_header": "Website | Like button",
"text": "In February 2016, Facebook expanded Like into \"Reactions\", choosing among five pre-defined emotions, including \"Love\", \"Haha\", \" Wow\", \"Sad\", or \"Angry\"."
}
] |
The "like" button was first added in 2009.
| 2 | 3 |
Facebook
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Dvořák was born in Nelahozeves, near Prague, in the Austrian Empire, and was the eldest son of František Dvořák (1814–94) and his wife, Anna, née Zdeňková (1820–82)."
}
] |
JDN2KtvVpMqaqiF8R2cC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works | Choral works",
"text": "In Vienna it was greeted, belatedly, in 1901: \"The Vienna performance in March 1901 was a triumph of Dvořák's music, as if the Viennese public wished thereby to make up for their earlier, sometimes cool reception of his works."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Europe and last years",
"text": "Also, Brahms hoped to gain an ally in Vienna to \"counterbalance the influence of\" Bruckner."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Europe and last years",
"text": "Also in 1896, Brahms tried to persuade Dvořák, who had several children, to move to Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Concerti",
"text": "The concerto was premiered in 1883 in Prague by the violinist František Ondříček, who also gave its first performances in Vienna and London."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | International reputation",
"text": "The concerto was premiered in Prague in October 1883 by the violinist František Ondříček, who also played it in Vienna with conductor Hans Richter in December of that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | International reputation",
"text": "and he never did play it. Hans Richter asked Dvořák to compose his Symphony No. 6 for the Vienna Philharmonic, intending to premiere it in December 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1888–1891",
"text": "Richter wrote to Dvořák of the London performance, \"at the hundreds of concerts I have conducted during my life, no new work has been as successful as yours.\" Despite Dvořák's newfound success, a February 1888 performance of Stabat Mater in Vienna fell victim to more anti-Czech feeling and what the composer called \"destructive criticism\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "His later interest in the music of Richard Wagner also affected his operas, evident in the very extensive rewrite of Dmitrij in 1894, following its failure at Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Reception in Britain",
"text": "In 1887, Richter conducted the Symphonic Variations in London and Vienna to great acclaim (they had been written ten years earlier and Dvořák had allowed them to languish after initial lack of interest from his publishers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | United States",
"text": "However, his partially unpaid salary, together with increasing recognition in Europe – he had been made an honorary member of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Vienna – and a remarkable amount of homesickness made him decide to return to Bohemia."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Dvořák was born in Nelahozeves, near Prague, in the Austrian Empire, and was the eldest son of František Dvořák (1814–94) and his wife, Anna, née Zdeňková (1820–82)."
}
] |
Dvořák's birthplace was in Vienna.
| 0 | 1 |
Antonín Dvořák
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Iceman Cometh is a play written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill in 1939."
}
] |
JDnX14cU3KXYjKfepaRi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 2013 short video game The Entertainment features numerous references to The Iceman Cometh, including characters named after Evelyn Hickman, Larry Slade, Harry Hope, and Pearl."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Joe Mott: Former proprietor of a gambling house"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "; Willie decides McGloin's appeal will be his first case, and Rocky admits he is a pimp."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Joe Mott insists that he will soon re-open his casino."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Iceman Cometh is a play written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and political content",
"text": "The Iceman Cometh is often compared to Maxim Gorky's The Lower Depths, which may have been O'Neill's inspiration for his play."
},
{
"section_header": "The title",
"text": "The title (The Iceman Cometh) refers to a running gag between Hickey and the dead-enders about coming home after traveling his sales route to find his wife \"rolling in the hay with the iceman\" (akin to the more contemporary joke about the \"milkman\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": ": Police detective The Iceman Cometh is set in New York in 1912 in Harry Hope's downmarket Greenwich Village saloon and rooming house."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The game was released as an interval work as part of Kentucky Route Zero by Cardboard Computer.2020: The Iceman Cometh was broadcast as a 2 part Zoom Premiere on YouTube Live as a benefit for the Actors Fund."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "This production featured many well known actors including Lee Marvin as Hickey, Fredric March as Harry Hope, Robert Ryan as Larry Slade, Tom Pedi as Rocky Pioggi, Bradford Dillman as Willie Oban, Sorrell Booke as Hugo Kalmar, Martyn Green as Cecil Lewis, Moses Gunn as Joe Mott, George Voskovec as The General (Piet Wetjoen) and Jeff Bridges as Don Parritt."
}
] |
The Iceman Cometh has a pimp in it named Rocky and was a movie with Joe Mott.
| 1 | 3 |
The Iceman Cometh
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields."
}
] |
JF8zrVtoGABlt6gi4377
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "\" She was the first person to win or share two Nobel Prizes, and remains alone with Linus Pauling as Nobel laureates in two fields each."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Marie Curie was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "International recognition for her work had been growing to new heights, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, overcoming opposition prompted by the Langevin scandal, honoured her a second time, with the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "She was the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "For most of 1912, she avoided public life but did spend time in England with her friend and fellow physicist, Hertha Ayrton."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "A month after accepting her 1911 Nobel Prize, she was hospitalised with depression and a kidney ailment."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Nevertheless, in 1911 the French Academy of Sciences failed, by one or two votes, to elect her to membership in the Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "It was only over half a century later, in 1962, that a doctoral student of Curie's, Marguerite Perey, became the first woman elected to membership in the Academy."
}
] |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie was the only woman to win the Nobel Prize two times.
| 2 | 7 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "The book was published the following year, partly at the author's expense, after it had already been rejected by one publisher."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "At first the book sold slowly; the initial printing of 500 copies, some 160 of which were sent to the United States, did not clear until 1898."
}
] |
JG4mQlBXrUVguaA7Gxep
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Song settings",
"text": "During the immediately post-war period, two other composers made extensive use of the poems in A Shropshire Lad."
},
{
"section_header": "Thematic summary",
"text": "Perhaps these poems are not fashionable, but they survive the poet to please other lads like him (LXIII)."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Song settings",
"text": "All but eight poems in the collection have been set to music, and eleven of them in ten or more settings."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Illustrations",
"text": "Single poems from the collection have also been illustrated in a distinctive style by the lithographer Richard Vicary."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Trevor Hold, Parry to Finzi: Twenty English Song-composers, Woodbridge 2002"
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Song settings",
"text": "Composers outside the UK have also set individual poems by Housman."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Translations",
"text": "Translations of poems from all of Housman's collections into Classical Greek and Latin have been made since he first appeared as an author."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "He had more than a year to think about it, since most of the poems he chose to include in his collection were written in 1895, while he was living at Byron Cottage in Highgate."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Illustrations",
"text": "The poet was dead by the time of the 1940 Harrap edition, which carried monochrome woodcuts by Agnes Miller Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "The book was published the following year, partly at the author's expense, after it had already been rejected by one publisher."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "At first the book sold slowly; the initial printing of 500 copies, some 160 of which were sent to the United States, did not clear until 1898."
}
] |
The poem collection by English poet Alfred Edward Housman was an immediate success.
| 0 | 0 |
A Shropshire Lad
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography began on April 10, 2014, in Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "In January 2013, Universal set a release date of June 13, 2014."
}
] |
JGU4I8CRs3T884VKgqYt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Predictions for the opening of Jurassic World in the U.S. and Canada were continuously revised upwards, starting from $125 million to $200 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Universal announced in September 2013 that the film would be titled Jurassic World, with a release scheduled for June 12, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "That starts with characters that are almost archetypes, stereotypes that are deconstructed as the story progresses.\" Howard also considered the clip to be a marketing mistake."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "In January 2013, Universal set a release date of June 13, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Ty Simpkins and Nick Robinson were cast as the child characters in October 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "Two video games, Lego Jurassic World and Jurassic World: The Game, were released in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Sequels",
"text": "A sequel to Jurassic World, titled Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, was released in June 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "OK, Jurassic World is a little of that."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "Jurassic World was released in 63 countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Once Trevorrow was hired as director in 2013, he followed the same idea while developing a new script with Connolly."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography began on April 10, 2014, in Hawaii."
}
] |
Jurassic World pre-production started in 2013.
| 0 | 0 |
Jurassic World
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and peak (1453–1566)",
"text": "Suleiman I died of natural causes in his tent during the Siege of Szigetvár in 1566."
}
] |
JGUFFV17rtLozdhVtBzr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Science and technology",
"text": "Female surgeons were also illustrated for the first time."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty)."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Military",
"text": "The Ottoman army was once among the most advanced fighting forces in the world, being one of the first to use muskets and cannons."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Military",
"text": "The first military unit of the Ottoman State was an army that was organized by Osman I from the tribesmen inhabiting the hills of western Anatolia in the late 13th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Social-political-religious structure",
"text": "Only the Germans seemed helpful, and their support led to the Ottoman Empire joining the central powers in 1915, with the end result that they came out as one of the heaviest losers of the First World War in 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Military",
"text": "The shipyard at Barrow, England, built its first submarine in 1886 for the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "The first novel published in the Ottoman Empire was by an Armenian named Vartan Pasha."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise (c. 1299–1453)",
"text": "In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over Anatolia and the Balkans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and peak (1453–1566)",
"text": "In 1555, the Caucasus became officially partitioned for the first time between the Safavids and the Ottomans, a status quo that would remain until the end of the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise (c. 1299–1453)",
"text": "One of these beyliks, in the region of Bithynia on the frontier of the Byzantine Empire, was led by the Turkish tribal leader Osman I (d. 1323/4), a figure of obscure origins from whom the name Ottoman is derived."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and peak (1453–1566)",
"text": "Suleiman I died of natural causes in his tent during the Siege of Szigetvár in 1566."
}
] |
The Ottoman Empire was ruled at one time by Osman the First and Suleiman the First.
| 0 | 0 |
Ottoman Empire
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889."
}
] |
JGrsTSsAgjnyuFnc994d
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | The 1873 economic crisis and the response",
"text": "With the Democratic Party still discredited in the minds of many Northerners for its pro-Southern orientation and the Republican Party dominated by pro-gold interests, conditions had become ripe for the emergence of a new political organization to challenge the political hegemony of the two established parties of American politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Legacy",
"text": "Many Greenback activists, including 1880 Presidential nominee James B. Weaver, later participated in the Populist Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Legacy",
"text": "Historian Paul Kleppner has observed that one of the traditional functions of third parties in the American political system has been the raising of new issues, the testing of their viability amongst the electorate, and the pressuring of established political parties to appropriate these issues as part of their own electoral agenda."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "The Greenback Party emerged gradually from the consolidation of like-minded state-level political organizations of differing names."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "A myriad of local political organizations, independent not only of the Republican and Democratic Parties but also of the fledgling Greenback Party sprung up around the country, concentrated in the states of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "According to historian Paul Kleppner, the origin of the Greenback Party is to be found in the state of Indiana, where early in 1873 a group of reform-minded farmers and political activists declared themselves free of the established parties and established themselves as the Independent Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Background",
"text": "The Greenback Party would be an alliance of organized labor and reform-minded farmers intent on toppling the political hegemony of the industrial- and banking-oriented Republican Party which ruled the North during the Reconstruction period."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Decline and dissolution",
"text": "In the election of 1886, only two dozen Greenback candidates ran for the House, apart from another six who ran on fusion tickets."
}
] |
The American political party, the Greenback Party, rand three presidential candidates in the 1800s
| 0 | 0 |
Greenback Party
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film has been described as containing a \"subtle, artistic warning\" about the dangers of increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and ocean acidification, the acidic island Pi and Richard Parker encounter being compared to Castello Aragonese in the Tyrrhenian Sea near Naples and Richard Parker's final dismissive departure representing the \"not too pleasant face of Gaia (see Gaia hypothesis).\" Life of Pi was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won four (more than any other film from 2012): Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Cinematography (Claudio Miranda), Best Visual Effects (Bill Westenhofer, Guillaume Rocheron, Erik-Jan de Boer and Donald R. Elliott) and Best Original Score (Mychael Danna)."
}
] |
JGvhBDZX6DwYJHIep4Z4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Lee stated that water was a major inspiration behind making the film in 3-D: \"I thought this was a pretty impossible movie to make technically."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production and casting",
"text": "In 2016, he published The Elephants in My Backyard, a memoir of his failed campaign to win the part."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film also won awards for cinematography, film editing, sound effects and original score at several other awards ceremonies."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In addition to the Academy Award, Ang Lee won best director awards from the Kansas City, Las Vegas, and London Film Critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards which included the Best Picture – Drama and the Best Director and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film was awarded the Best Picture award by the Las Vegas Film Critics Society and was named one of the top ten films of the year by the New York Film Critics and the Southeastern Film Critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It was nominated for three Golden Globe Awards and won for Best Original Score."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "I just had this feeling, I'll follow this kid to wherever this movie takes me."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "\" So lighting-wise, [the movie] had a big ebb and flow."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversies and animal abuse allegations",
"text": "This sparked a demonstration of nearly 500 VFX artists who protested outside the 2013 Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film has been described as containing a \"subtle, artistic warning\" about the dangers of increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions and ocean acidification, the acidic island Pi and Richard Parker encounter being compared to Castello Aragonese in the Tyrrhenian Sea near Naples and Richard Parker's final dismissive departure representing the \"not too pleasant face of Gaia (see Gaia hypothesis).\" Life of Pi was nominated for eleven Academy Awards and won four (more than any other film from 2012): Best Director (Ang Lee), Best Cinematography (Claudio Miranda), Best Visual Effects (Bill Westenhofer, Guillaume Rocheron, Erik-Jan de Boer and Donald R. Elliott) and Best Original Score (Mychael Danna)."
}
] |
The movie didn't win any major awards.
| 0 | 0 |
Life of Pi (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon the family's lives."
}
] |
JHAhptivwDGbxKVkMR0q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "One, Fyedka, protects her, dismissing the others."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon the family's lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman with five daughters, explains the customs of the Jews in the Russian shtetl of Anatevka in 1905, where their lives are as precarious as the perch of a fiddler on a roof (\"Tradition\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Covers",
"text": "The song was inspired by the 1993 British Louchie Lou & Michie One ragga version of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The show found the right balance for its time, even if not entirely authentic, to become \"one of the first popular post-Holocaust depictions of the vanished world of Eastern European Jewry\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "During rehearsals, one of the stars, Jewish actor Zero Mostel, feuded with Robbins, whom he held in contempt because Robbins had testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee and hid his Jewish heritage from the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Investors and some in the media worried that Fiddler on the Roof might be considered \"too Jewish\" to attract mainstream audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Other notable US productions",
"text": "Topol in 'Fiddler on the Roof': The Farewell Tour opened on January 20, 2009, in Wilmington, Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II",
"text": "Chava returns and tries to reason with him, but he refuses to speak to her and tells the rest of the family to consider her dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Broadway revivals",
"text": "The production was nominated for six Tonys but did not win any."
}
] |
Fiddler on the Roof does focus on a daddy and his six daughters who tries to keep his religious affiliations and traditions.
| 1 | 6 |
Fiddler on the Roof
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "The average density of Jupiter, 1.326 g/cm3, is the second highest of the giant planets, but lower than those of the four terrestrial planets."
}
] |
JHmwGuU41cCdHXj9obvp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a gas giant with a mass one-thousandth that of the Sun, but two-and-a-half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and migration",
"text": "Regularly these systems include a few planets with masses several times greater than Earth's (super-Earths), orbiting closer to their star than Mercury is to the Sun, and sometimes also Jupiter-mass gas giants close to their star."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "The average density of Jupiter, 1.326 g/cm3, is the second highest of the giant planets, but lower than those of the four terrestrial planets."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It may also have a rocky core of heavier elements, but like the other giant planets, Jupiter lacks a well-defined solid surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Great Red Spot and other vortices",
"text": "Storms such as this are common within the turbulent atmospheres of giant planets."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Composition",
"text": "Based on spectroscopy, Saturn is thought to be similar in composition to Jupiter, but the other giant planets Uranus and Neptune have relatively less hydrogen and helium and relatively more ices and are thus now termed ice giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Magnetosphere",
"text": "Volcanic activity on Jupiter's moon Io (see below) injects gas into Jupiter's magnetosphere, producing a torus of particles about the planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Magnetosphere",
"text": "The gas is ionized in the magnetosphere producing sulfur and oxygen ions."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Internal structure",
"text": "In this state, there are no distinct liquid and gas phases—hydrogen is said to be in a supercritical fluid state."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Internal structure",
"text": "Physically, there is no clear boundary—the gas smoothly becomes hotter and denser as one descends."
}
] |
The planet Jupiter is not the densest gas giant.
| 0 | 0 |
Jupiter
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Amsterdam is located in the Western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, whose capital is not Amsterdam, but rather Haarlem."
}
] |
JI3jCcngf681Vuk6TuLF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century–present",
"text": "Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands on 10 May 1940 and took control of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing arts",
"text": "A new theatre has also moved into Amsterdam scene in 2014, joining other established venues: Theater Amsterdam is situated in the west part of Amsterdam, on the Danzigerkade."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Symbols",
"text": "The lions date from the late 16th century, when city and province became part of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conflict with Spain",
"text": "Jews from the Iberian Peninsula, Huguenots from France, prosperous merchants and printers from Flanders, and economic and religious refugees from the Spanish-controlled parts of the Low Countries found safety in Amsterdam."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": ", Amsterdam-Noord consisting of the neighbourhoods north of the IJ lake, Amsterdam-Oost in the east, Amsterdam-Zuid in the south, Amsterdam-West in the west, Amsterdam Nieuw-West in the far west, Amsterdam Zuidoost in the southeast, and Westpoort covering the Port of Amsterdam area."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Historical population",
"text": "Still, the population of Amsterdam was only modest compared to the towns and cities of Flanders and Brabant, which comprised the most urbanised area of the Low Countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city is also the cultural capital of the Netherlands."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "The city also has various colleges ranging from art and design to politics and economics which are mostly also available for students coming from other countries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century–present",
"text": "Further plans were to build a new highway above the metro to connect Amsterdam Centraal and city centre with other parts of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sloten, annexed in 1921 by the municipality of Amsterdam; is the oldest part of the city, dating to the 9th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Amsterdam is located in the Western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland, whose capital is not Amsterdam, but rather Haarlem."
}
] |
The city, Amsterdam is in the west part of the country of Netherlands.
| 3 | 4 |
Amsterdam
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "At the time, it was called the Barge Canal."
}
] |
JI9I6vYaRbidjwc4LdSP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "The waterway today referred to as the Erie Canal is quite different from the nineteenth-century Erie Canal."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "Today, the reconfiguration of the canal created during the First Enlargement is commonly referred to as the \"Improved Erie Canal\" or the \"Old Erie Canal\", to distinguish it from the canal's modern-day course."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Engineering requirements",
"text": "The original canal was 363 miles (584 km) long, from Albany on the Hudson to Buffalo on Lake Erie."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "Existing remains of the 1825 canal abandoned during the Enlargement are officially referred to today as \"Clinton's Ditch\" (which was also the popular nickname for the entire Erie Canal project during its original 1817–1825 construction)."
},
{
"section_header": "Locks",
"text": "They can accommodate a vessel up to 300 feet (91 m) long and 43.5 feet (13.3 m) wide."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The canal crossed the river on a stone aqueduct, 802 feet (244 m) long and 17 feet (5.2 m) wide, supported by 11 arches."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "Canal barges can carry loads up to 3,000 short tons (2,700 long tons), and are used to transport objects that would be too large for road or rail shipment."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Proposals",
"text": "The idea of a canal to tie the East Coast to the new western settlements was discussed as early as 1724: New York provincial official Cadwallader Colden made a passing reference (in a report on fur trading) to improving the natural waterways of western New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Proposals",
"text": "While in Canandaigua debtors' prison, Hawley began pressing for the construction of a canal along the 90-mile (140 km)-long Mohawk River valley with support from Joseph Ellicott (agent for the Holland Land Company in Batavia)."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Engineering requirements",
"text": "Engineering techniques developed during its construction included the building of aqueducts to redirect water; one aqueduct was 950 feet (290 m) long to span 800 feet (240 m) of river."
},
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "At the time, it was called the Barge Canal."
}
] |
For a long while, the Canal was referred to as the "Barge Canal".
| 3 | 6 |
Erie Canal
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Algebraic values",
"text": "These values of the sine and the cosine may thus be constructed by ruler and compass."
}
] |
JIKPRd60qyDjuIl11Dxm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Algebraic values",
"text": "For an angle which, measured in degrees, is not a rational number, then either the angle or both the sine and the cosine are transcendental numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most widely used trigonometric functions are the sine, the cosine, and the tangent."
},
{
"section_header": "Algebraic values",
"text": "For an angle which, measured in degrees, is a rational number, the sine and the cosine are algebraic numbers, which may be expressed in terms of nth roots."
},
{
"section_header": "In calculus | Definitions using functional equations",
"text": "For example, the sine and the cosine form the unique pair of continuous functions that satisfy the difference"
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Angles and sides of a triangle | Law of cosines",
"text": "It can also be used to find the cosines of an angle (and consequently the angles themselves) if the lengths of all the sides are known."
},
{
"section_header": "Algebraic values",
"text": "For an angle which, measured in degrees, is a multiple of three, the sine and the cosine may be expressed in terms of square roots, see Trigonometric constants expressed in real radicals."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Angles and sides of a triangle | Law of sines",
"text": "It can be proven by dividing the triangle into two right ones and using the above definition of sine."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Angles and sides of a triangle | Law of cosines",
"text": "The law of cosines can be used to determine a side of a triangle if two sides and the angle between them are known."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Angles and sides of a triangle | Law of sines",
"text": "The law of sines is useful for computing the lengths of the unknown sides in a triangle if two angles and one side are known."
},
{
"section_header": "In calculus | In the complex plane",
"text": "The sine and cosine of a complex number z"
},
{
"section_header": "Algebraic values",
"text": "These values of the sine and the cosine may thus be constructed by ruler and compass."
}
] |
You can use a measuring stick to calculate sine and cosine.
| 0 | 0 |
Cosine
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "\" Envy is Claggart's explicitly stated emotion toward Budd, foremost because of his \"significant personal beauty,\" and also for his innocence and general popularity. (Melville further opines that envy is \"universally felt to be more shameful than even felonious crime.\") This leads Claggart to falsely charge Billy with conspiracy to mutiny."
}
] |
JIQe9o73AykjtVnXEDyv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition history",
"text": "The character of \"Billy\" in this early version was an older man condemned for inciting mutiny and apparently guilty as charged."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Budd is a \"handsome sailor\" who strikes and inadvertently kills his false accuser, Master-at-arms John Claggart."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The martial law in effect states that during wartime the blow itself, fatal or not, is a capital crime."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "\" Envy is Claggart's explicitly stated emotion toward Budd, foremost because of his \"significant personal beauty,\" and also for his innocence and general popularity. (Melville further opines that envy is \"universally felt to be more shameful than even felonious crime.\") This leads Claggart to falsely charge Billy with conspiracy to mutiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "After producing a text that would later be described as \"hastily transcribed\", he published the first edition of the work in 1924 as Billy Budd, Foretopman in Volume XIII of the Standard Edition of Melville's Complete Works (London: Constable and Company)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and interpretations",
"text": "He objects to ascribing literary significance to legal errors that are not part of the imagined world of Melville's fiction and accused Weisberg and others of calling Billy an \"innocent man\" and making light of the fact that he \"struck a lethal blow to a superior officer in wartime."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The gazette concludes that the crime and weapon used suggest a foreign birth and subversive character; it reports that the mutineer was executed and nothing is amiss aboard HMS Bellipotent."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "In mid-1924 Murry orchestrated the reception of Billy Budd, Foretopman, first in London, in the influential Times Literary Supplement, in an essay called \"Herman Melville's Silence\" (July 10, 1924), then in a reprinting of the essay, slightly expanded, in The New York Times Book Review (August 10, 1924)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Billy Budd has been adapted into film, a stage play, and an opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Raymond Weaver, its first editor, was initially unimpressed and described it as \"not distinguished\"."
}
] |
Billy Budd is not guilty of the crime of which he is first accused.
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Budd
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Paganini's father was an unsuccessful trader, but he managed to supplement his income through playing music on the mandolin."
}
] |
JIj52drIN4p8u4bJe8E7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal and professional relationships",
"text": "Paganini's efforts earned gratitude from Rossini."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Instruments",
"text": "Livron was so impressed with Paganini's playing that he refused to take it back."
},
{
"section_header": "Violin technique",
"text": "Another aspect of Paganini's violin techniques concerned his flexibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic portrayals",
"text": "The series focuses on Paganini's relationship with the Roman Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final years, death, and burial",
"text": "After this episode, Paganini's body was finally reinterred in a new cemetery in Parma in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspired works",
"text": "Based on airs from Paganini's Il carnevale di Venezia, op. 10."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The stylistic sources of Niccolò Paganini's work], Saint Petersburg, Novikova, 2010"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Paganini's father was an unsuccessful trader, but he managed to supplement his income through playing music on the mandolin."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspired works",
"text": "Paganini's Violin Concerto No. 4 is used in the opening of \"Far Beyond the Sun\" in Trial by Fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "Generally speaking, Paganini's compositions were technically imaginative, and the timbre of the instrument was greatly expanded as a result of these works."
}
] |
Niccolò Paganini's dad was bad at trading.
| 0 | 0 |
Niccolò Paganini
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He first entered the House of Commons in 1832, beginning his political career as a High Tory, a grouping which became the Conservative Party under Robert Peel in 1834."
}
] |
JJWmLVqMQfcchtHFRUMD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852–1855)",
"text": "The Whig Sir Charles Wood and the Tory Disraeli had both been perceived to have failed in the office and so this provided Gladstone with a great political opportunity."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852–1855)",
"text": "In 1852, following the appointment of Lord Aberdeen as Prime Minister, head of a coalition of Whigs and Peelites, Gladstone became Chancellor of the Exchequer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At university, Gladstone was a Tory and denounced Whig proposals for parliamentary reform."
},
{
"section_header": "Second premiership (1880–1885) | Foreign policy",
"text": "On 11 July 1882, Gladstone ordered the bombardment of Alexandria, starting the short, Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882."
},
{
"section_header": "Third premiership (1886)",
"text": "The problem for Gladstone was that his rural English supporters would not support home rule for Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer (1859–1866) | Electoral reform",
"text": "Russell and Gladstone (now the senior Liberal in the House of Commons) attempted to pass a reform bill, which was defeated in the Commons because the \"Adullamite\" Whigs, led by Robert Lowe, refused to support it."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer (1852–1855)",
"text": "It has raised Gladstone to a great political elevation, and, what is of far greater consequence than the measure itself, has given the country assurance of a man equal to great political necessities, and fit to lead parties and direct governments."
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments and archives",
"text": "The Seaglam (Seaforth Gladstone Memorial) Project, whose chairman is local historian Brenda Murray (BEM), was started to raise the profile of Seaforth Village by installing a memorial to Gladstone."
},
{
"section_header": "Fourth premiership (1892–1894)",
"text": "Gladstone opposed increasing public expenditure on the naval estimates, in the tradition of free trade liberalism of his earlier political career as Chancellor."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer (1859–1866)",
"text": "When Mr Gladstone appeared on the Tyne he heard cheer no other English minister ever heard ... the people were grateful to him, and rough pitmen who never approached a public man before, pressed round his carriage by thousands ... and thousands of arms were stretched out at once, to shake hands with Mr Gladstone as one of themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He first entered the House of Commons in 1832, beginning his political career as a High Tory, a grouping which became the Conservative Party under Robert Peel in 1834."
}
] |
Chancellor Gladstone started in English politics as a Whig.
| 0 | 2 |
William Ewart Gladstone
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A television film for the Public Broadcasting System in the U.S."
}
] |
JJePN4HYE7PMuJDfjKjz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Composer Garth Baxter has written the opera Lily based upon The House of Mirth, with a libretto by Lisa VanAuken."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Although she spends time in the country during the first part of the book, by the last half of the book"
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "NYbooks.com/daily. The New York Review of Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Although Lily and her friends believe that is \"understood\" that she will inherit most if not all of Julia's fortune, Julia herself never made such a statement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Before publication as a book on October 14, 1905"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The relationship is permanently damaged, and when Lily sails away with the Dorsets instead of cleaning up the social and financial mess she has made, Julia does not write to Lily or attempt to repair the relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Even though Lily has already made it clear to Selden during their tête-à-tête in his flat that she looked at him as that friend who won't be afraid to say disagreeable things to her, she becomes drawn to him romantically."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Scribner wrote Wharton in November 1905 that the novel was showing \"the most rapid sale of any book ever published by Scribner."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "As Book I ends, she invites Lily to accompany her on a Mediterranean cruise to distract her husband so she can carry on an affair with Ned Silverton."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "In Book Two, Gerty becomes one of Lily's only friends, giving her a place to stay and taking care of her when everyone else abandons her."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A television film for the Public Broadcasting System in the U.S."
}
] |
A made for TV movie was based off the book.
| 0 | 0 |
The House of Mirth
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", it was a critical success, although it did not recoup its production costs during its initial run in 1931."
}
] |
JJk3ecYZo1HgTgi0nAIx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Despite being a critical success, the extremely high budget and ongoing Depression combined against the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", it was a critical success, although it did not recoup its production costs during its initial run in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "While it was a commercial success in line with other films of the day, RKO Pictures could not at first recoup their heavy investment in the film"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "His direction misses nothing in the elaborate scenes, as well as in the usual film making procedure."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Variety led off their review with, \"An elegant example of super film making and a big money picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In order to film key scenes for this production, RKO purchased 89 acres in Encino where construction of Art Director Max Ree's Oscar-winning design of a complete western town and a three-block modern main street were built to represent the fictional Oklahoma boomtown of Osage."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The movie remained RKO's most expensive film until 1939's Gunga Din (that filmed exteriors around the Sierra Nevada Alabama Hills range, but had one scene shot on RKO's movie ranch in Encino).Reviews by film critics were overwhelmingly positive at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Motion Picture Magazine raved, \"A great and worthy effort, this transcription of early Oklahoma life will be hailed as one of the high-spots of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Filming began in the summer of 1930 at Jasmin Quinn Ranch outside of Los Angeles, California, where the land rush scenes were shot."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Critically lauded at the time of its release, Cimarron was beloved by most who saw it."
}
] |
The film was critically successful but it didn't make back the cost of production due to its high budget.
| 5 | 7 |
Cimarron (1931 film)
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | \"The luckiest man on the face of the earth\"",
"text": "– Thank you. Only four sentences of the speech exist in recorded form; complete versions of the speech are assembled from newspaper accounts."
}
] |
JJo8llraDLQJkRhk2t8Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | \"The luckiest man on the face of the earth\"",
"text": "– Thank you. Only four sentences of the speech exist in recorded form; complete versions of the speech are assembled from newspaper accounts."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement",
"text": "Postmaster General James Farley concluded his speech by predicting, \"For generations to come, boys who play baseball will point with pride to your record."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1927",
"text": "He also holds the baseball record for most seasons with 400 total bases or more, accomplishing this feat five times in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | \"The luckiest man on the face of the earth\"",
"text": "The parts that are different from the available snippets of recordings of the speech actually given are shown in brackets in footnotes and replaced here by the words actually spoken: Fans, for the past two weeks, you've been reading about a bad break."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1927",
"text": "His 184 RBIs in 1931 remain the American League record as of 2019 and rank second all-time to Hack Wilson's 191 in 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1927",
"text": "In 1927 Gehrig put together one of the greatest seasons by any batter in history, hitting .373, with 218 hits: 101 singles, 52 doubles, 18 triples, 47 home runs, a then-record 175 RBIs (surpassing teammate Babe Ruth's 171 six years earlier), and a .765 slugging percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis",
"text": "Eleanor Gehrig was told that the cause of ALS was unknown, but it was painless, noncontagious, and cruel; the motor function of the central nervous system is destroyed, but the mind remains fully aware until the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The pathos of his farewell from baseball was capped off by his iconic 1939 \"Luckiest Man on the Face of the Earth\" speech at Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Monument",
"text": "The Yankees dedicated a monument to Gehrig in center field at Yankee Stadium on July 6, 1941; the shrine lauded him as \"A man, a gentleman and a great ballplayer whose amazing record of 2,130 consecutive games should stand for all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1927",
"text": "Gehrig led the American League in runs scored four times, home runs three times, and RBIs five times."
}
] |
Lou Gehrig's most famous speech was fully recorded and pieced together by multiple journalists of the time.
| 3 | 7 |
Lou Gehrig
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Notable players | Pro Football Hall of Fame members",
"text": "The Packers have the second most members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame with 30, 25 of which were inducted as Packers."
}
] |
JK5JmyMLfW2rosKNf5fh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Notable players | Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame",
"text": "Many Packers players and coaches are also enshrined in the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable players | Pro Football Hall of Fame members",
"text": "The Packers have the second most members in the Pro Football Hall of Fame with 30, 25 of which were inducted as Packers."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable players | Pro Football Hall of Fame members",
"text": "They trail only the Chicago Bears with 37 Hall of Famers, 30 of which were inducted as Bears."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable players | Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame",
"text": "In 2018 Ron Wolf, the most recent Packers contributor to be honored, was inducted."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable players | Retired numbers",
"text": "All six Packers are members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame and their numbers and names are displayed on the green facade of Lambeau Field's north endzone as well as in the Lambeau Field Atrium."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding | Logo",
"text": "The Packers Hall of Fame archivist said the same thing."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1968–1991: Post-Lombardi and decline",
"text": "Another came in the 1989 NFL Draft, when offensive lineman Tony Mandarich was taken with the second overall pick ahead of future Hall of Fame inductees Barry Sanders, Derrick Thomas, and Deion Sanders."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1935–1945: The Don Hutson era",
"text": "In 1951, his number 14 was the first to be retired by the Packers, and he was inducted as a charter member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–present: Aaron Rodgers era | 2014",
"text": "Following the season, quarterback Aaron Rodgers was named the league's Most Valuable Player for the second time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–present: Aaron Rodgers era | 2013: injury to Rodgers",
"text": "Despite having a 7–7–1 record, the Packers were still in a position to win the NFC North division, if they were able to win their final game."
}
] |
They have had the second most Hall of Fame players.
| 0 | 0 |
Green Bay Packers
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Marriage to Matilda, 1100",
"text": "On 11 November 1100 Henry married Matilda, the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Present at the place where his brother William died in a hunting accident in 1100, Henry seized the English throne, promising at his coronation to correct many of William's less popular policies."
}
] |
JKLKIMDzO3qWFhOEwK2v
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Marriage to Matilda, 1100",
"text": "Some of these relationships occurred before Henry was married, but many others took place after his marriage to Matilda."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Marriage to Matilda, 1100",
"text": "On 11 November 1100 Henry married Matilda, the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Taking the throne, 1100",
"text": "Henry rode to Winchester, where an argument ensued as to who now had the best claim to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Taking the throne, 1100",
"text": "On the afternoon of 2 August 1100, the King went hunting in the New Forest, accompanied by a team of huntsmen and a number of the Norman nobility, including Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Marriage to Matilda, 1100",
"text": "She did not wish to be a nun and appealed to Anselm for permission to marry Henry, and the Archbishop established a council at Lambeth Palace to judge the issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Marriage to Matilda, 1100",
"text": "For Henry, marrying Matilda gave his reign increased legitimacy, and for Matilda, an ambitious woman, it was an opportunity for high status and power in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Taking the throne, 1100",
"text": "Tempers flared, but Henry, supported by Henry de Beaumont and Robert of Meulan, held sway and persuaded the barons to follow him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Taking the throne, 1100",
"text": "Henry argued that, unlike Robert, he had been born to a reigning king and queen, thereby giving him a claim under the right of porphyrogeniture."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Taking the throne, 1100",
"text": "In accordance with English tradition and in a bid to legitimise his rule, Henry issued a coronation charter laying out various commitments."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Taking the throne, 1100",
"text": "William of Breteuil championed the rights of Robert, who was still abroad, returning from the Crusade, and to whom Henry and the barons had given homage in previous years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Present at the place where his brother William died in a hunting accident in 1100, Henry seized the English throne, promising at his coronation to correct many of William's less popular policies."
}
] |
Henry I got married and took the throne in 1100.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry I of England
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "Isolated and antisocial, he has abandoned all attempts to support himself, and is brooding obsessively on a scheme he has devised to murder and rob an elderly pawn-broker."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, a former law student, lives in extreme poverty in a tiny, rented room in Saint Petersburg."
}
] |
JKnIPYJyoG9LLlzuOfFt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major characters",
"text": "Razumíkhin (Dmitry Prokofyich) is Raskolnikov's loyal friend and also a former law student."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov, a former law student, lives in extreme poverty in a tiny, rented room in Saint Petersburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major characters",
"text": "Despite its title, the novel does not so much deal with the crime and its formal punishment, as with Raskolnikov's internal struggle (the book shows that his punishment results more from his conscience than from the law)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Crime and Punishment focuses on the mental anguish and moral dilemmas of Rodion Raskolnikov, an impoverished ex-student in Saint Petersburg who formulates a plan to kill an unscrupulous pawnbroker for her money."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "Isolated and antisocial, he has abandoned all attempts to support himself, and is brooding obsessively on a scheme he has devised to murder and rob an elderly pawn-broker."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "From then on, Crime and Punishment is referred to as a novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "He gains access by pretending he has something to pawn, and then attacks her with the axe, killing her."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Crime and Punishment is considered the first great novel of his \"mature\" period of writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "He offered his story or novella (at the time he was not thinking of a novel) for publication in Katkov's monthly journal"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major characters",
"text": "She initially plans to marry the wealthy but unsavory lawyer Luzhin, thinking it will enable her to ease her family's desperate financial situation and escape her former employer Svidrigailov."
}
] |
Crime and Punishment is a novel about a former law student who thinks about killing a pawn broker.
| 0 | 0 |
Crime and Punishment
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Typology | Fear of ghosts",
"text": "While deceased ancestors are universally regarded as venerable, and often believed to have a continued presence in some form of afterlife, the spirit of a deceased person that persists in the material world (a ghost) is regarded as an unnatural or undesirable state of affairs and the idea of ghosts or revenants is associated with a reaction of fear."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In folklore, a ghost (sometimes known as an apparition, haunt, phantom, poltergeist, shade, specter or spectre, spirit, spook, and wraith) is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living."
}
] |
JLPeWfjfmrGbGnBI9q9S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Scientific view",
"text": "They are evidence - not of another world, but of this real and natural one."
},
{
"section_header": "By culture | European folklore",
"text": "In Scandinavian and Finnish tradition, ghosts appear in corporeal form, and their supernatural nature is given away by behavior rather than appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Typology | Fear of ghosts",
"text": "While deceased ancestors are universally regarded as venerable, and often believed to have a continued presence in some form of afterlife, the spirit of a deceased person that persists in the material world (a ghost) is regarded as an unnatural or undesirable state of affairs and the idea of ghosts or revenants is associated with a reaction of fear."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient Near East and Egypt",
"text": "Over a period of more than 2,500 years, Egyptian beliefs about the nature of the afterlife evolved constantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Depiction in the arts | Victorian/Edwardian (1840 to 1920)",
"text": "One of the key early appearances by ghosts was The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole in 1764, considered to be the first gothic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "By religion | Judaism and Christianity",
"text": "Some Christian denominations consider ghosts as beings who while tied to earth, no longer live on the material plane and linger in an intermediate state before continuing their journey to heaven."
},
{
"section_header": "Metaphorical usages",
"text": "Nick Harkaway has considered that all people carry a host of ghosts in their heads in the form of impressions of past acquaintances – ghosts who represent mental maps of other people in the world and serve as philosophical reference points."
},
{
"section_header": "By culture | South and Southeast Asia | North India",
"text": "Interpretations of how bhoots come into existence vary by region and community, but they are usually considered to be perturbed and restless due to some factor that prevents them from moving on (to transmigration, non-being, nirvana, or heaven or hell, depending on tradition)."
},
{
"section_header": "Typology | Fear of ghosts",
"text": "This is universally the case in pre-modern folk cultures, but fear of ghosts also remains an integral aspect of the modern ghost story, Gothic horror, and other horror fiction dealing with the supernatural."
},
{
"section_header": "Depiction in the arts | Post-modern (1970–present)",
"text": "The ghost hunting theme has been featured in reality television series, such as Ghost Adventures, Ghost Hunters, Ghost Hunters International, Ghost Lab, Most Haunted, and A Haunting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In folklore, a ghost (sometimes known as an apparition, haunt, phantom, poltergeist, shade, specter or spectre, spirit, spook, and wraith) is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living."
}
] |
A ghost is a "spirit" that is not natural and is considered undesirable.
| 2 | 3 |
Ghosts
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Although the film had not recovered its budget by the time of the ceremony, it won six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director for Bigelow (the first woman to win this award), and Best Original Screenplay for Boal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is a 2008 American war thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal."
}
] |
JLfjadk8cwGLKwxh5Hyp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was nominated for nine Academy Awards and won six, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Original Screenplay, making it the first Best Picture winner by a female director."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "It was nominated in nine categories at the 82nd Academy Awards and won in six: Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Film Editing."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Although the film had not recovered its budget by the time of the ceremony, it won six Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director for Bigelow (the first woman to win this award), and Best Original Screenplay for Boal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is a 2008 American war thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Hurt Locker was named the tenth \"Best Film of the 21st Century"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "In February 2010, the film's producer Nicolas Chartier emailed a group of Academy Award voters in an attempt to sway them to vote for The Hurt Locker instead of \"a $500M film\" (referring to Avatar) for the Best Picture award."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical run",
"text": "It is also one of the only two Best Picture winners on record never to have entered"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "Kathryn Bigelow was awarded the Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Achievement in Feature Film for the film, the first and, to date, only time a female director has ever won."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "The film won six awards at the BAFTAs held on February 21, 2010, including Best Film and Best Director for Bigelow."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Elley of Variety found The Hurt Locker to be \"gripping\" as a thriller but felt that the film was weakened by, \"its fuzzy (and hardly original) psychology.\" Elley wrote that it was unclear to know where the drama lay: \"These guys get by on old-fashioned guts and instinct rather than sissy hardware—but it's not a pure men-under-stress drama either.\" The critic also felt that the script showed \"signs of artificially straining for character depth.\" Anne Thompson, also writing for Variety, believed The Hurt Locker to be a contender for Best Picture, particularly based on the unique subject matter pursued by a female director and on being an exception to other films about the Iraq War, which had performed poorly."
}
] |
The Hurt Locker was directed by a female and won Best picture.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hurt Locker
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jacob Peter Beckley (August 4, 1867 – June 25, 1918), nicknamed Eagle Eye, was an American professional baseball first baseman."
}
] |
JLlJ3GNkFOEwqEsS0ptE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beckley began playing semi-professional baseball while still a teenager."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jacob Peter Beckley (August 4, 1867 – June 25, 1918), nicknamed Eagle Eye, was an American professional baseball first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "But later when Wagner's Louisville Colonels came to play at Cincinnati, Beckley was successful in getting Wagner out, employing a strategy that involved the use of two baseballs."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He served as an umpire in the Federal League in 1913 and also served as a baseball coach at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A career .308 A career .308 hitter he was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971 via the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Alleghenys, Pittsburgh Burghers, Pittsburgh Pirates, New York Giants, Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals from 1888 to 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Beckley was born in Hannibal, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the son of Bernhart and Rosina (Neth) Beckley."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beckley had a batting average of over .300 in 13 seasons."
}
] |
Beckley was referred to as "Butter Face" in baseball.
| 1 | 4 |
Jake Beckley
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University, before retiring to serve as his manager."
}
] |
JMSDaR9gsXEh7sbT7o2D
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "This greatly displeased his mother, who was also a professor at the university."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University, before retiring to serve as his manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Influence",
"text": "\"Erik Nielson, a University of Richmond professor who teaches courses on hip-hop culture, opines that West is a \"mediocre rapper, but an extraordinary producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, where she was teaching at Nanjing University as part of an exchange program."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Influence",
"text": "He was the kid who went to school, his mom was a college professor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Most biographies and reference works note that West was born on June 8, 1977, in Atlanta, Georgia, although some sources give his birthplace as Douglasville, a small city west of Atlanta."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After his parents divorced when he was three years old, he moved with his mother to Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mother's death",
"text": "On November 10, 2007, West's mother Donda West died at age 58."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2008, following the death of West's mother, the foundation was rechristened \"The Dr. Donda West Foundation."
}
] |
Kanye West's mother was a professor at the University of Georgia.
| 0 | 4 |
Kanye West
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman from 1959 to 1980, most notably as a member of the San Francisco Giants for whom he played with for 19 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McCovey was born in Mobile, Alabama, the seventh child of ten born to Frank McCovey, a railroad worker, and Esther."
}
] |
JMgQArhO2YHYM5LVwDcr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "In the bottom of the ninth inning of Game 7, with two outs and the Giants trailing 1–0, Willie Mays was on second base and Matty Alou was on third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McCovey was born in Mobile, Alabama, the seventh child of ten born to Frank McCovey, a railroad worker, and Esther."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "McCovey spent many years at the heart of the Giants' batting order, along with fellow Hall-of-Fame member Willie Mays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Willie Lee McCovey (January 10, 1938 – October 31, 2018) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco (1977–80)",
"text": "That year, during a June 27 game against the Cincinnati Reds, he became the first player to hit two home runs in one inning twice in his career (the first was on April 12, 1973), a feat since accomplished by Andre Dawson, Dale Murphy, Jeff King, Alex Rodriguez, and Edwin Encarnacion."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Diego Padres and Oakland Athletics (1974–76)",
"text": "The Giants had been trading their higher-priced players and gave McCovey input into his destination."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "He had a 22-game hitting streak, setting the mark for San Francisco Giants rookies, four short of the all-time team record."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco (1977–80)",
"text": "McCovey is one of only 29 players in baseball history to date to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "He won the NL Player of the Month Award in August, his first full month in the majors (.373, 8 HR, 22 RBI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy",
"text": "Since 1980, the Giants have awarded the Willie Mac Award to honor his spirit and leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman from 1959 to 1980, most notably as a member of the San Francisco Giants for whom he played with for 19 seasons."
}
] |
Willie McCovey was a San Francisco Giants player and born in the South.
| 2 | 2 |
Willie McCovey
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955."
}
] |
JMvV3q8gRVHuiNU9X1fl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Disneyland has a larger cumulative attendance than any other theme park in the world, with 726 million visits since it opened (as of December 2018)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the first Disney theme park."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Disneyland Park, originally Disneyland, is the first of two theme parks built at the Disneyland Resort in Anaheim, California, opened on July 17, 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "The initial concept, the Mickey Mouse Park, started with an eight-acre (3.2 ha) plot across Riverside Drive."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "His ideas evolved to a small play park with a boat ride and other themed areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the only theme park designed and built to completion under the direct supervision of Walt Disney."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Promotions",
"text": "During this promotion, or as Disneyland calls it a \"party\", areas in the park are decorated in a Halloween theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Transportation",
"text": "The helicopters initially operated from Anaheim/Disneyland Heliport, located behind Tomorrowland."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Tickets",
"text": "Guests paid a small admission fee to get into the park, but admission to most of the rides and attractions required guests to purchase tickets, either individually or in a book, that consisted of several coupons, initially labeled \"A\" through \"C\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "Disney hired Harrison Price from Stanford Research Institute to gauge the proper area to locate the theme park based on the area's potential growth."
}
] |
The initial theme park was opened in Orlando, Florida.
| 2 | 5 |
Disneyland
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fighter is a 2010 American biographical sports drama film directed by David O. Russell, and starring Mark Wahlberg (who also produced), Christian Bale, Amy Adams, and Melissa Leo."
}
] |
JMwuLp9dE1ayU44msEUW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Aronofsky was given an executive producer credit for his contributions on The Fighter, and was enthusiastic to have Russell as the director."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fighter is a 2010 American biographical sports drama film directed by David O. Russell, and starring Mark Wahlberg (who also produced), Christian Bale, Amy Adams, and Melissa Leo."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Micky Ward is an American welterweight boxer from Lowell, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Melissa Leo as Alice Eklund-Ward (1931-2011), mother of both fighters and their seven siblings, all sisters."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "Wahlberg has been involved in developing a sequel, The Fighter 2, which would focus on the legendary fight trilogy between Ward and Arturo Gatti."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Mark Wahlberg as Micky Ward: Wahlberg elected to star in the film due to his friendship with Ward, with whom he shares an inner-city working class Massachusetts upbringing in a family with eight siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Scout Productions acquired the life rights of boxer Micky Ward and his brother, Dick Eklund, in July 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film centers on the lives of professional boxer Micky Ward (Wahlberg) and his older half-brother Dicky Eklund (Bale)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adams plays Micky's girlfriend Charlene Fleming, and Leo portrays Micky and Dicky's mother, Alice Eklund-Ward."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Managed by his mother, Alice Ward, and trained by his older half-brother, Dicky Eklund, Micky became a \"stepping stone\" for other boxers to defeat on their way up."
}
] |
The Fighter was produced by Micky Ward.
| 1 | 5 |
The Fighter
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early military career and personal life | Marriage and family",
"text": "They had four children: Frederick, Ulysses Jr. (\"Buck\"), Ellen (\"Nellie\"), and Jesse."
}
] |
JNMmwIg5zsfP0iVNb9jS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "To others, including his own son, Grant appeared to be an agnostic."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Afterward, Noah settled in Pennsylvania and married Rachel Kelley, the daughter of an Irish pioneer."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency",
"text": "\" The Grants left Washington for New York, to attend the birth of their daughter Nellie's child, staying at Hamilton Fish's residence."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Their son Jesse (Ulysses's father) was a Whig Party supporter and a fervent abolitionist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "To honor his father-in-law, Jesse declared the boy named Hiram Ulysses, though he would always refer to him as Ulysses."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Memoirs, pension, and death",
"text": "The Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant was a critical and commercial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials and presidential library",
"text": "In May 2012, the Ulysses S. Grant Foundation, on the institute's fiftieth anniversary, selected Mississippi State University as the permanent location for Ulysses S. Grant's presidential library."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American soldier and politician who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1869–1877) | Native American policy",
"text": "Congress ratified the agreement three days before Grant left office in 1877."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1869–1877) | Scandals and reforms",
"text": "Surveyor General Silas Reed had set up corrupt contracts that benefited Delano's son, John Delano."
},
{
"section_header": "Early military career and personal life | Marriage and family",
"text": "They had four children: Frederick, Ulysses Jr. (\"Buck\"), Ellen (\"Nellie\"), and Jesse."
}
] |
Ulysses Grant had three sons and a daughter.
| 0 | 2 |
Ulysses S. Grant
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Precursors and causes",
"text": "Under Rhode Island's colonial charter, originally received in 1663, only male landowners could vote."
}
] |
JNZ4NIuqGF0wqMG4oJIZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rebellion",
"text": "At the time, these men owned the Bernon Mill Village in Woonsocket, Rhode Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The state was still using its 1663 colonial charter as a constitution; it required that voters own land as qualification to vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Precursors and causes",
"text": "At the time, most of the citizens of the colonies were farmers and held land, and this qualification was considered fairly democratic."
},
{
"section_header": "Precursors and causes",
"text": "Under Rhode Island's colonial charter, originally received in 1663, only male landowners could vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Precursors and causes",
"text": "By the 1840s, the state required landed property worth at least $134 in order to vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1840 other states that had been receiving immigrants had a huge surge in turnout, but Rhode Island voting remained suppressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "He worked with the Rhode Island Suffrage Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In the 1844 presidential election following the Dorr Rebellion and changes to voter requirements, some 12,296 votes were cast in Rhode Island, a significant increase from the 8,621 cast in 1840."
},
{
"section_header": "Precursors and causes",
"text": "Rhode Island was nearly the only state falling significantly short of universal white manhood suffrage."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebellion",
"text": "The \"Dorrites\" led an unsuccessful attack against the arsenal in Providence, Rhode Island on May 19, 1842."
}
] |
In colonial Rhode Island, you could only vote if you owned land.
| 0 | 0 |
Dorr Rebellion
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "London's urban area is the fourth most populous in Europe, after Moscow, Istanbul, and Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census.."
}
] |
JO3BRVKpMrF77X0e5CfG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The London commuter belt is the third-most populous in Europe, after the Moscow Metropolitan Area and Istanbul, with 14,040,163 inhabitants in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography",
"text": "However, the population then grew by just over a million between the 2001 and 2011 Censuses, to reach 8,173,941 in the latter enumeration."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Religion",
"text": "It is the only synagogue in Europe which has held regular services continuously for over 300 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Ethnic groups",
"text": "In January 2005, a survey of London's ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken in London and more than 50 non-indigenous communities with a population of more than 10,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "London's urban area is the fourth most populous in Europe, after Moscow, Istanbul, and Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census.."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Scope",
"text": "Beyond this is the vast London commuter belt."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | The City of London",
"text": "Over 85 per cent (3.2 million) of the employed population of greater London works in the services industries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early modern",
"text": "Rebuilding took over ten years and was supervised by Robert Hooke as Surveyor of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography",
"text": "The population density is 5,177 inhabitants per square kilometre (13,410/sq mi), more than ten times that of any other British region."
}
] |
London, the capital of England, has over 300 languages spoken there, the third most populous commuter belt in Europe and has over ten million inhabitants as of 2011.
| 2 | 5 |
London
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Louis Aaron (born February 5, 1934), nicknamed \"Hammer\" or \"Hammerin' Hank,\" is an American retired Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder who serves as the senior vice president of the Atlanta Braves."
}
] |
JOFI7mkqzU6x1QrOV5Xq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "The threats extended to those providing positive press coverage of Aaron."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1999, MLB created the Hank Aaron Award, to commemorate the 25th anniversary of Aaron's surpassing of Babe Ruth's career home run mark of 714 home runs and to honor Aaron's contributions to baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In April 1997, a new baseball facility for the AA Mobile Bay Bears constructed in Aaron's hometown of Mobile, Alabama was named Hank Aaron Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aaron played the vast majority of his MLB games in right field, though he appeared at several other infield and outfield positions."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Braves' public relations director Don Davidson, observing Aaron's quiet, reserved nature, began referring to him publicly as \"Hank\" in order to suggest more accessibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league and minor league career",
"text": "He started play as a 6 ft (180 cm), 180 lb (82 kg) shortstop, and earned $200 per month."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "There is also a statue of him as an 18-year-old shortstop outside Carson Park in Eau Claire, Wisconsin, where he played his first season in the Braves' minor league system."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Aaron's first marriage was to Barbara Lucas in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league and minor league career",
"text": "\" Aaron's time with the Braves did not come without problems."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league and minor league career",
"text": "Helped by Aaron's performance, the Braves won the league championship that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Louis Aaron (born February 5, 1934), nicknamed \"Hammer\" or \"Hammerin' Hank,\" is an American retired Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder who serves as the senior vice president of the Atlanta Braves."
}
] |
Hank Aaron's main position was shortstop.
| 0 | 0 |
Hank Aaron
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Fraud",
"text": "As early as 2001, PayPal had substantial problems with online fraud, especially international hackers who were hacking into PayPal accounts and transferring small amounts of money out of multiple accounts."
},
{
"section_header": "Fraud",
"text": "But with PayPal losing millions of dollars each month to fraud while experiencing difficulties with using the FBI to pursue cases of international fraud, PayPal developed a private solution: a \"fraud monitoring system that used artificial intelligence to detect potentially fraudulent transactions."
}
] |
JOyqwDxKtcDh0v1iNIag
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company ranked 204th on the 2019 Fortune 500 of the largest United States corporations by revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Fraud",
"text": "But with PayPal losing millions of dollars each month to fraud while experiencing difficulties with using the FBI to pursue cases of international fraud, PayPal developed a private solution: a \"fraud monitoring system that used artificial intelligence to detect potentially fraudulent transactions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | eBay subsidiary (2002–2014)",
"text": "In November 2008, the company acquired Bill Me Later, an online transactional credit company."
},
{
"section_header": "Fraud",
"text": "Standard solutions for merchant and banking fraud might use government criminal sanctions to pursue the fraudsters."
},
{
"section_header": "Fraud",
"text": "As early as 2001, PayPal had substantial problems with online fraud, especially international hackers who were hacking into PayPal accounts and transferring small amounts of money out of multiple accounts."
},
{
"section_header": "History | eBay subsidiary (2002–2014)",
"text": "By the end of 2007, the company generated $1.8 billion in revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Spin-off from eBay (2014–present)",
"text": "\" The company will \"instead begin working with Amsterdam-based Adyen."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Spin-off from eBay (2014–present)",
"text": "\"On July 1, 2015, PayPal announced that it was acquiring digital money transfer company Xoom Corporation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "PayPal was originally established by Max Levchin, Peter Thiel, and Luke Nosek in December 1998 as Confinity, a company that developed security software for handheld devices."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "The first version of the PayPal electronic payments system was launched in 1999.In March 2000, Confinity merged with X.com, an online banking company founded by Elon Musk."
}
] |
The company PayPal is a Fortune 500 company that has a history of fraud.
| 0 | 0 |
PayPal
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | Arthurdale",
"text": "After losing a community vote, Roosevelt recommended the creation of other communities for the excluded black and Jewish miners."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other relationships | Anti-Semitism",
"text": "Eleanor Roosevelt in private showed a revulsion against rich Jews in 1918, telling her mother-in-law the \"Jew party [was] appalling.... I never wish to hear money, jewels or sables mentioned again.\"."
}
] |
JPiA6CYrfHWcetCQ6ckh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Years after the White House | Other postwar activities and honors",
"text": "She was an early supporter of the Encampment for Citizenship, a non-profit organization that conducts residential summer programs with year-round follow-up for young people of widely diverse backgrounds and nations."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | American Youth Congress and National Youth Administration",
"text": "We have got to bring these young people into the active life of the community and make them feel that they are necessary."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | Use of media",
"text": "Just before Franklin assumed the presidency in February 1933, Roosevelt published an editorial in the Women's Daily News that conflicted so sharply with his intended public spending policies that he published a rejoinder in the following issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On a few occasions, she publicly disagreed with her husband's policies."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | Use of media",
"text": "Roosevelt also made extensive use of radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family life",
"text": "Though never handsome, she always had to me a charming effect, but alas and lackaday!"
},
{
"section_header": "Years after the White House | Other postwar activities and honors",
"text": "Roosevelt supported reformers trying to overthrow the Irish machine Tammany Hall, and some Catholics called her anti-Catholic."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | Civil rights activism",
"text": "Despite the President's desire to placate Southern sentiment, Roosevelt was vocal in her support of the civil rights movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Years after the White House | United Nations",
"text": "Along with René Cassin, John Peters Humphrey and others, she played an instrumental role in drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Early life",
"text": "While he was attending Groton, she wrote him almost daily, but always felt a touch of guilt that Hall had not had a fuller childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | Arthurdale",
"text": "After losing a community vote, Roosevelt recommended the creation of other communities for the excluded black and Jewish miners."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other relationships | Anti-Semitism",
"text": "Eleanor Roosevelt in private showed a revulsion against rich Jews in 1918, telling her mother-in-law the \"Jew party [was] appalling.... I never wish to hear money, jewels or sables mentioned again.\"."
}
] |
Roosevelt always supported all the peoples of the US with no racism or other hatred in her activities or policies.
| 0 | 0 |
Eleanor Roosevelt
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "A 1938 production introduced two of the dominant elements of twentieth-century productions: the performance of Donald Wolfit and animal imagery."
}
] |
JQHuSdgGlEYOQwe76MXF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Wolfit's dynamic performance in the title role, repeated several times over the next decades, set the standard for modern interpretations of Volpone: Politick's plot was truncated or eliminated, and Mosca (played in 1938 by Alan Wheatley) relegated to a secondary role."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Set in modern Liguria, it features Paolo Villaggio as Ugo Maria Volpone and Enrico Montesano as Mosca."
},
{
"section_header": "Text",
"text": "Its next appearance was in the folio of 1616, and the latter, presumably having been subject to Jonson's careful review, forms the basis of most modern editions."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "It was performed by the King's Men, but casting is uncertain."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The play continued in performance throughout the 18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Richard Steele mentions a performance in a 1709 edition of Tatler."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "John Evelyn saw it performed at the court of Charles II on 16 October 1662."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A portion of the original play is presented in private performance for Harrison's character, who states that it is his favourite."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "It was performed for Charles in 1624 while he was still Prince of Wales, in 1630, and again at the Cockpit-in-Court in 1637."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "John Lowin may have performed the title role, as he is associated with the role in James Wright's Historia Histrionica (1699)."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "A 1938 production introduced two of the dominant elements of twentieth-century productions: the performance of Donald Wolfit and animal imagery."
}
] |
Johnson's theatrical piece is often performed in modern day to highlight the underlying theme of man's similarity to things with feathers and creatures with fur.
| 1 | 4 |
Volpone
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008)."
}
] |
JQJKbcwbcFfY1sl5hzc4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it the second film in the Batman film series to earn $1 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises featured over an hour of footage shot in IMAX (by comparison, The Dark Knight contained 28 minutes)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The nickname \"the Dark Knight\" was first applied to Batman in Batman #1 (1940), in a story written by Bill Finger."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Coinciding with the release of this film, a box set of The Dark Knight Trilogy was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Dark Knight. In 2014, Empire ranked The Dark Knight Rises the 72nd greatest film ever made on their list of \"The 301 Greatest Movies Of All Time\" as voted by the magazine's readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Production photos from filming in Pittsburgh showed a second Tumbler chassis after the first was destroyed, indicating that a new Batmobile would be in the film, following the destruction of the first in The Dark Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises opened on Friday, July 20, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "United States Senator Patrick Leahy, who had made a cameo appearance in The Dark Knight, returned in The Dark Knight Rises, as a Wayne Enterprises board member."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "\"The Dark Knight Rises earned $448.1 million in North America, and $632.9 million in other countries, summing up to a worldwide total of $1.081 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises premiered in New York City on July 16, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008)."
}
] |
The 2012 film The Dark Knight Rises is the first film in a trilogy that made over $1 billion.
| 0 | 0 |
The Dark Knight Rises
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Assessment of his work",
"text": "Anders Hald writes that, \"The basis of Fermat's mathematics was the classical Greek treatises combined with Vieta's new algebraic methods.\" Together with René Descartes, Fermat was one of the two leading mathematicians of the first half of the 17th century."
}
] |
JQNI3ukOmTvGoQW0oRKC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Fermat thereby became entitled to change his name from Pierre Fermat to Pierre de Fermat."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "The oldest and most prestigious high school in Toulouse is named after him: the Lycée Pierre-de-Fermat."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "Pierre de Fermat died on January 12, 1665, at Castres, in the present-day department of Tarn."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "French sculptor Théophile Barrau made a marble statue named Hommage à Pierre Fermat as a tribute to Fermat, now at the Capitole de Toulouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pierre de Fermat (French: [pjɛːʁ də fɛʁma]) (between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In Bordeaux, he began his first serious mathematical researches, and in 1629 he gave a copy of his restoration of Apollonius's De Locis Planis to one of the mathematicians there."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment of his work",
"text": "According to Peter L. Bernstein, in his book Against the Gods, Fermat \"was a mathematician of rare power."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "On 1 June 1631, Fermat married Louise de Long, a fourth cousin of his mother Claire de Fermat (née de Long)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Work",
"text": "Many mathematicians, including Gauss, doubted several of his claims, especially given the difficulty of some of the problems and the limited mathematical methods available to Fermat."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pierre had one brother and two sisters and was almost certainly brought up in the town of his birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment of his work",
"text": "Anders Hald writes that, \"The basis of Fermat's mathematics was the classical Greek treatises combined with Vieta's new algebraic methods.\" Together with René Descartes, Fermat was one of the two leading mathematicians of the first half of the 17th century."
}
] |
Pierre de Fermat was a renowned mathematician.
| 2 | 4 |
Pierre de Fermat
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature."
}
] |
JQjOa2pvXBC5MRWcxvaK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "One of the main themes of \"Lyrical Ballads\" is the return to the original state of nature, in which people led a purer and more innocent existence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Even the title of the collection recalls rustic forms of art – the word \"lyrical\" links the poems with the ancient rustic bards and lends an air of spontaneity, while \"ballads\" are an oral mode of storytelling used by the common people."
}
] |
Lyrical Ballads were released in 1799.
| 0 | 0 |
Lyrical Ballads
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer, songwriter, pianist, and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Collaborating with lyricist Bernie Taupin since 1967 on more than 30 albums, John has sold more than 300 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists."
}
] |
JQrNNlOQgBD5bLqK9uGk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Pub pianist to staff songwriter (1962–1969)",
"text": "He legally changed his name to Elton Hercules John on 7 January 1972.The team of John and Taupin joined Dick James's DJM Records as staff songwriters in 1968, and over the next two years wrote material for various artists, among them Roger Cook and Lulu."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | \"Sacrifice\" to Aida (1990–1999)",
"text": "The song became the fastest- and biggest-selling single of all time, eventually selling over 33 million copies worldwide, the best-selling single in UK chart history, the best-selling single in Billboard history and the first single certified Diamond in the US, where it sold over 11 million copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since its inception, the foundation has raised over £300 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His tribute single \"Candle in the Wind 1997\", rewritten in dedication to Diana, Princess of Wales, sold over 33 million copies worldwide and is the best-selling single in the history of the UK and US singles charts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Collaborating with lyricist Bernie Taupin since 1967 on more than 30 albums, John has sold more than 300 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer, songwriter, pianist, and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Billy Elliot the Musical and 60th birthday (2000–2009)",
"text": "As of December 2015, Billy Elliot has been seen by over 5.25 million people in London and nearly 11 million people worldwide (on Broadway, in Sydney, Melbourne, Chicago, Toronto, Seoul, the Netherlands and São Paulo, Brazil etc.), grossed over $800 million worldwide and won over 80 theatre awards internationally."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pub pianist to staff songwriter (1962–1969)",
"text": "Six months later, John began going by the name Elton John in homage to two members of Bluesology: saxophonist Elton Dean and vocalist Long John Baldry."
},
{
"section_header": "Elton John Band",
"text": "Since 1970, John's band, of which he is the pianist and lead singer, has been known as the Elton John Band."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Fox to Sleeping with the Past (1981–1989)",
"text": "Netting over $20 million, 2,000 items of John's memorabilia were auctioned off at Sotheby's in London."
}
] |
Elton John middle name is Hercules and sold over 290 million records.
| 0 | 0 |
Elton John
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "From this point, the novel follows Gene's description of the time from the summer of 1942 to the summer of 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Separate Peace is a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, published in 1959."
}
] |
JQrWwCOmtm7gd6ODeDPM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set against the backdrop of World War II, A Separate Peace explores morality, patriotism, and loss of innocence through its narrator, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Gene Forrester: A Separate Peace is told from Gene's point of view."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Separate Peace is a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, published in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones",
"text": "Though frequently taught in U.S. high schools, curricula related to A Separate Peace typically ignore a possible homoerotic reading in favor of engaging with the book as a historical novel or coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on his earlier short story \"Phineas\", published in the May 1956 issue of Cosmopolitan, it was Knowles's first published novel and became his best-known work."
},
{
"section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones",
"text": "It would have changed everything, it wouldn’t have been the same story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Back in the present, an older Gene muses on peace, war, and enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The remainder of the story revolves around Gene's attempts to come to grips with who he is, why he shook the branch, and how he will proceed."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The two forgive each other. The next day, Finny dies during the operation to set the bone when bone marrow enters his bloodstream during the surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "During the questioning of Finny by Brinker, Finny changes the story to make Gene appear innocent of his actions in the tree."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "From this point, the novel follows Gene's description of the time from the summer of 1942 to the summer of 1943."
}
] |
A Separate Peace is a story and is set in the earlier to mid 1900s.
| 0 | 0 |
A Separate Peace
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maria Goeppert Mayer (June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus."
}
] |
JQvvLk8WxasebOQ8ZT3U
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"He was after all a scientist\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Argonne National Laboratory also honors her by presenting an award each year to an outstanding young woman scientist or engineer, while the University of California, San Diego hosts an annual Maria Goeppert Mayer symposium, bringing together female researchers to discuss current science."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Maria Göppert was born on June 28, 1906, in Kattowitz (now Katowice, Poland), a Silesian city in Prussia, the only child of Friedrich Göppert and his wife Maria née Wolff."
},
{
"section_header": "United States",
"text": "Herzfeld agreed and added that, with Goeppert Mayer, Franck and Herzfeld all at Johns Hopkins, some thought that there were too many German scientists there."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "They had two children, Maria Ann (who later married Donat Wentzel) and Peter Conrad."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1986, the Maria Goeppert-Mayer Award for early-career women physicists was established in her honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2011, she was included in the third issuance of the American Scientists collection of US postage stamps, along with Melvin Calvin, Asa Gray, and Severo Ochoa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maria Goeppert married Joseph Edward Mayer and moved to the United States, where he was an associate professor at Johns Hopkins University."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclear shell model",
"text": "Three German scientists, Otto Haxel, J. Hans D. Jensen, and Hans Suess, were also working on solving the same problem, and arrived at the same conclusion independently."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "After her death, the Maria Goeppert Mayer Award was created by the American Physical Society (APS) to honor young female physicists at the beginning of their careers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maria Goeppert Mayer (June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus."
}
] |
Maria Goeppert-Mayer was a scientist.
| 0 | 0 |
Maria Goeppert-Mayer
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.",
"text": "namely, New Orleans Square, Critter Country, Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge and Mickey's Toontown."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Frontierland",
"text": "Frontierland recreates the setting of pioneer days along the American frontier."
}
] |
JQwLQMV6teKjh8KBiUZi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lands | Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge",
"text": "Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge is set within the Star Wars universe, in the Black Spire Outpost village on the remote frontier planet of Batuu."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.",
"text": "namely, New Orleans Square, Critter Country, Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge and Mickey's Toontown."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge",
"text": "Attractions include the Millennium Falcon: Smugglers Run and Star Wars: Rise of the Resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands",
"text": "The park opened with Main Street, U.S.A., Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland, and Tomorrowland, and has since added New Orleans Square in 1966, Bear Country (now known as Critter Country) in 1972, and Mickey's Toontown in 1993, and Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | New Orleans Square",
"text": "New Orleans Square is based on 19th-century New Orleans, opened on July 24, 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since its opening, Disneyland has undergone expansions and major renovations, including the addition of New Orleans Square in 1966, Bear Country (now Critter Country) in 1972, Mickey's Toontown in 1993, and Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge",
"text": "The land opened in 2019, replacing Big Thunder Ranch and former backstage areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Transportation",
"text": "Each 1900s-era train departs Main Street Station on an excursion that includes scheduled station stops at: New Orleans Square Station; Toontown Depot; and Tomorrowland Station."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | New Orleans Square",
"text": "It is home to Pirates of the Caribbean and the Haunted Mansion, with nighttime entertainment in Fantasmic!."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | New Orleans Square",
"text": "This area is the home of Club 33."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Frontierland",
"text": "Frontierland recreates the setting of pioneer days along the American frontier."
}
] |
Disneyland Park in California has many sections including Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge, Fantasyland, Frontierland and New Orleans Square.
| 0 | 0 |
Disneyland
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Telling the story of an Italian nobleman in the Napoleonic era and later, it was admired by Balzac, Tolstoy, André Gide, di Lampedusa and Henry James."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel has been adapted for opera, film and television."
}
] |
JRDBYzyJUuGep6dETIYl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "\" Nevertheless, she agrees, and so a few months later, Gina is the new social eminence in Parma's rather small aristocratic elite."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Count Mosca proposes that Gina marry a wealthy old man, the Duke Sanseverina, who will be out of the country for many years as an ambassador, so that she and Count Mosca can be lovers while living under the social rules of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "As a result, there are some poorly introduced plot elements (such as the poet-bandit-assassin Ferrante who suddenly appears in the story; even the author admits that he should have mentioned Ferrante's relationship to Gina earlier in the story)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel has been adapted for opera, film and television."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The best-known English translation The Charterhouse of Parma is by Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Telling the story of an Italian nobleman in the Napoleonic era and later, it was admired by Balzac, Tolstoy, André Gide, di Lampedusa and Henry James."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Charterhouse of Parma (French: La Chartreuse de Parme) is a novel by Stendhal published in 1839."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "An opera on the subject, with libretto by Armand Lunel and music by Henri Sauguet, was premiered in Paris in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel was filmed in 1948, directed by Christian-Jaque and starring Gérard Philipe as Fabricio, Maria Casares as Gina Sanseverina, and Renée Faure as Clelia Conti."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Bernardo Bertolucci claimed to have based his 1964 film Prima della rivoluzione (Before the Revolution) on the novel."
}
] |
The adaptation of the book, The Charterhouse of Parma's, a story of a Spanish man of high social position has been limited to only some forms of theater.
| 1 | 3 |
The Charterhouse of Parma
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "It remained atop the list for 33 weeks until March 30, 1952, when it was replaced by My Cousin Rachel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "It moved back to first place on May 25, 1952, and remained another 15 weeks, before being supplanted by The Silver Chalice, and last appeared on August 23, 1953, after 122 weeks on the list."
}
] |
JRH8O4Ys2chvVJqeGbse
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny reached the top of the New York Times best seller list on August 12, 1951, after 17 weeks on the list, replacing From Here to Eternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny is the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Herman Wouk."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "Willie keeps the Caine afloat during another typhoon and brings it back to Bayonne, New Jersey, for decommissioning after the end of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The biblical Caine felt a similar sense of isolation and hopelessness that Willie Keith feels during his time aboard the Caine."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "He calls Keefer, not Maryk, \"the true author of 'The Caine Mutiny'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The novel also describes the fictional Caine as having been struck by a kamikaze with Maryk in command during the Battle of Lingayen Gulf which caused relatively minor damage, and this did in fact happen to the Southard on January 6, 1945, although Wouk was not aboard at the time, as he was still serving on the Zane."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "Keefer reluctantly supports Maryk, then gets cold feet and backs out, warning Maryk that his actions will be seen as mutiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "It moved back to first place on May 25, 1952, and remained another 15 weeks, before being supplanted by The Silver Chalice, and last appeared on August 23, 1953, after 122 weeks on the list."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "At one point, during the invasion of Kwajalein, Queeg is ordered to escort low-lying landing craft to their line of departure."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "Maryk turns Caine into the wind and rides out the storm."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "It remained atop the list for 33 weeks until March 30, 1952, when it was replaced by My Cousin Rachel."
}
] |
The Caine Mutiny was a novel that was on top of the New York Times best seller rankings for a total of forty-eight weeks.
| 0 | 0 |
The Caine Mutiny
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Mercedes Mackay of the Royal African Society noted that \"This second novel of Chinua Achebe is better than his first, and puts this Nigerian at the forefront of West African writers.\" Arthur Lerner of Los Angeles City College wrote that \"The second novel of this young Nigerian author continues the promise of its predecessor, Things Fall Apart.\" The novel was widely praised for its realistic and vivid depictions of life in Lagos in the early 1960s."
}
] |
JRJVcoRAthrPyYlB80Ga
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He is arrested, bringing us up to the events that opened the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "However, some reviewers felt that Achebe's attention to detail in setting was executed at the expense of fully fleshing out his characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is the second work in what is sometimes referred to as the \"African trilogy\", following Things Fall Apart and preceding Arrow of God."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Ben Mkapa of the W.E.B. DuBois Institute wrote, \"Achebe has a broad vision of the world he is writing about, but unfortunately this broadness is manifest at the expense of depth of characterization."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the story of an Igbo man, Obi Okonkwo, who leaves his village for an education in Britain and then a job in the Nigerian colonial civil service, but is conflicted between his African culture and Western lifestyle and ends up taking a bribe."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Mercedes Mackay of the Royal African Society noted that \"This second novel of Chinua Achebe is better than his first, and puts this Nigerian at the forefront of West African writers.\" Arthur Lerner of Los Angeles City College wrote that \"The second novel of this young Nigerian author continues the promise of its predecessor, Things Fall Apart.\" The novel was widely praised for its realistic and vivid depictions of life in Lagos in the early 1960s."
}
] |
This book was considered much worse than the preceding story, with critics often citing its lack of character depth.
| 0 | 4 |
No Longer At Ease
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "They had five or six children together including: Edward the Elder who succeeded his father as king; Æthelflæd who became lady of the Mercians; and Ælfthryth who married Baldwin II, Count of Flanders."
}
] |
JRlGQt5WfvFI1MKmcScm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Attribution",
"text": "\"Alfred the Great\". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Statues | Pewsey",
"text": "A prominent statue of King Alfred the Great stands in the middle of Pewsey."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Consequently, it was writers of the sixteenth century who gave Alfred his epithet as \"the Great\", not any of Alfred's contemporaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was given the epithet \"the Great\" during and after the Reformation in the sixteenth century, and together with Danish Cnut the Great, is the only king of England to be given such a name."
},
{
"section_header": "Statues | Cleveland, Ohio",
"text": "A marble statue of Alfred the Great stands on the North side of the Cuyahoga County Courthouse in Cleveland, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "King at war | Early struggles",
"text": "Alfred blockaded them but was unable to take Wareham by assault."
},
{
"section_header": "King at war | Counter-attack and victory",
"text": "From then until the arrival of the Great Heathen Army Essex had formed part of Wessex."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign relations",
"text": "Alfred's relations with the Celtic princes in the western half of Great Britain are clearer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alfred also oversaw the conversion of Viking leader Guthrum to Christianity."
},
{
"section_header": "Statues | Winchester",
"text": "A bronze statue of Alfred the Great stands at the eastern end of The Broadway, close to the site of Winchester's medieval East Gate."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "They had five or six children together including: Edward the Elder who succeeded his father as king; Æthelflæd who became lady of the Mercians; and Ælfthryth who married Baldwin II, Count of Flanders."
}
] |
Alfred the Great was a great leader but he was unable to have any heirs to his thrown.
| 2 | 5 |
Alfred the Great
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top and it shares the record (along with the Ping An Finance Center) of having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure at 562 m. It had the world's second-fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 metres per second (74 km/h; 46 mph) until 2017, when it was surpassed by the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, with a top speed of 21 metres per second (76 km/h; 47 mph)."
}
] |
JRwob3M5qNqWzmuHSbRo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed by international design firm Gensler and owned by the Shanghai city government, it is the tallest of the world's first triple-adjacent supertall buildings in Pudong, the other two being the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Financial Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Construction crews laid the final structural beam of the tower on 3 August 2013, thus topping out the tower as China's tallest, and the world's second-tallest, building."
},
{
"section_header": "Planning and funding",
"text": "The first of these, the Jin Mao Tower, was completed in 1999; the adjacent Shanghai World Financial Centre (SWFC) opened in 2008.The Shanghai Tower is owned by Yeti Construction and Development, a consortium of state-owned development companies which includes Shanghai Chengtou Corp., Shanghai Lujiazui Finance & Trade Zone Development Co., and Shanghai Construction Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Its 258-room hotel, located between the 84th and 110th floors, is to be operated by Jin Jiang International Hotels as the Shanghai Tower J-Hotel, and at the time of its completion it will be the highest hotel in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "By 11 April 2013, the tower had reached 108 stories, standing over 500 metres (1,600 ft) tall and exceeding the heights of its two neighbouring supertall skyscrapers, the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Financial Centre."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower joins the Jin Mao Tower and SWFC to form the world's first adjacent grouping of three supertall buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "By incorporating best practices in sustainability and high-performance design, by weaving the building into the urban fabric of Shanghai and drawing community life into the building, Shanghai Tower redefines the role of tall buildings in contemporary cities and raises the bar for the next generation of super-highrises."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Sustainability",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower incorporates numerous green architecture elements; its owners received certifications from the China Green Building Committee and the U.S. Green Building Council for the building's sustainable design."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shanghai Tower (Chinese: 上海中心大厦; pinyin: Shànghǎi Zhōngxīn Dàshà; Shanghainese: Zånhe Tsonshin Dasa; lit.: 'Shanghai Center Building') is a 632-metre (2,073 ft), 128-story megatall skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "These were blamed on ground subsidence, which was likely caused by excessive groundwater extraction in the Shanghai area, rather than by the weight of the Shanghai Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top and it shares the record (along with the Ping An Finance Center) of having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure at 562 m. It had the world's second-fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 metres per second (74 km/h; 46 mph) until 2017, when it was surpassed by the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, with a top speed of 21 metres per second (76 km/h; 47 mph)."
}
] |
Shanghai Tower is the tallest building in the world.
| 2 | 6 |
Shanghai Tower
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "Before working in the porn industry, she worked at a German bakery, a Jiffy Lube, and later a tax and retirement firm."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "She was also studying to become a nurse."
}
] |
JS1P3ZdBExPVgSVVeeVi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "Her websites and business interests are run under her banner company"
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "With her new venture Leone announced her plans to write, direct and create her own brand of adult movies with Vivid Entertainment as her distributor."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "Before working in the porn industry, she worked at a German bakery, a Jiffy Lube, and later a tax and retirement firm."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She applied for it prior to filming Jism 2.Leone has a strong interest in health and fitness, and has been featured in several mainstream fitness publications."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "In 2013, she announced her retirement from the adult industry stating"
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "She indicated that Barack Obama would be her choice in the 2008 U.S. presidential election, primarily because she felt he was more business friendly to the adult industry than his opponent John McCain."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "She was also studying to become a nurse."
},
{
"section_header": "Mainstream appearances prior to 2011",
"text": "show My Bare Lady 2: Open for Business, in which a group of adult actresses were given classes and training on how to pitch investment ideas and competed for success in the business world."
},
{
"section_header": "Indian film career | Upcoming projects",
"text": "The series starts from her childhood as Gogu to her foray into the adult film industry to her exciting journey into Bollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Pornographic career",
"text": "The movie led to her being nominated for three (out of six) AVN awards in 2009 in addition to being a choice for Female Performer of the Year."
}
] |
Leone was interested in being a nurse and had previously been employed at several other businesses before her career in the adult entertainment industry.
| 0 | 0 |
Sunny Leone
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For much of the band's career, they have been a trio with a drummer Tré Cool, who replaced John Kiffmeyer in 1990 before the recording of the band's second studio album, Kerplunk (1991)."
}
] |
JSDKw3i14lxblZeOOe0U
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st Century Breakdown and American Idiot's stage adaptation (2007–2010)",
"text": "On April 20, 2010, American Idiot opened on Broadway, and Green Day released the soundtrack to the musical, featuring a new song by Green Day"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st Century Breakdown and American Idiot's stage adaptation (2007–2010)",
"text": "Green Day engaged in many other smaller projects in the time following the success of American Idiot."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Middle years and decline in commercial success (Nimrod and Warning, 1997–2002)",
"text": "The band made a guest appearance in an episode of King of the Hill entitled \"The Man Who Shot Cane Skretteberg\", which aired in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "History | American Idiot and renewed success (2003–2006)",
"text": "After the band, who concealed their identities with masks and costumes, released an album called Money Money 2020, it was rumored that The Network was a Green Day side project, due to the similarities in the bands' sounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influences",
"text": "During the American Idiot and 21st Century Breakdown era of Green Day, the band was influenced by The Who, U2, Motown albums, and musicals such as Grease."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st Century Breakdown and American Idiot's stage adaptation (2007–2010)",
"text": "During the Spike TV Video Game Awards 2009, it was announced that Green Day was set to have its own Rock Band video game titled Green Day: Rock Band,"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st Century Breakdown and American Idiot's stage adaptation (2007–2010)",
"text": "The writing and recording process, spanning three years and four recording studios, was finally finished in April 2009.21st Century Breakdown, was released on May 15, 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "History | American Idiot and renewed success (2003–2006)",
"text": "Green Day collaborated with Iggy Pop on two tracks for his album Skull Ring in November 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "History | American Idiot and renewed success (2003–2006)",
"text": "American Idiot won the 2005 Grammy for Best Rock Album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | American Idiot and renewed success (2003–2006)",
"text": "In 2009, Kerrang! named American Idiot the best album of the decade"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For much of the band's career, they have been a trio with a drummer Tré Cool, who replaced John Kiffmeyer in 1990 before the recording of the band's second studio album, Kerplunk (1991)."
}
] |
Green Day is a four man band that wrote American Idiot.
| 0 | 0 |
Green Day
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Receiving mixed reviews from critics, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects, Best Production Design, and Best Makeup and Hairstyling."
}
] |
JSjSPWDkU5aO26jHGYkc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Score",
"text": "The album received nominations for various awards and peaked in the top ten charts in Korea and the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It also earned two nominations at the 2013 MTV Movie Awards in the categories Best Scared-as-S**t Performance and Best Hero for Martin Freeman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Receiving mixed reviews from critics, the film was nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Visual Effects, Best Production Design, and Best Makeup and Hairstyling."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "According to CinemaScore polls, the film received an \"A\" grade from audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In January 2013, it was announced The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey was nominated in the Best Live Action Motion Picture category at the Cinema Audio Society Awards, awarded on 16 February."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film received three Academy Award nominations for Best Visual Effects, Best Production Design, and Best Makeup and Hairstyling as well as praise from critics organization Broadcast Film Critics Association and from critics groups, such as the Houston Film Critics Society, Phoenix Film Critics Society and Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "These nominations included Best Director (Peter Jackson's eleventh Saturn Award nomination), Best Actor for Martin Freeman,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It has gathered 6 nominations at the 2013 SFX Awards, including Best Film, Best Director for Peter Jackson and four acting nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was also nominated for three British Academy Film Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "An Unexpected Journey led the nominations at the 39th Saturn Awards with nine, more than The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring which earned eight nominations at the time of its release."
}
] |
The Hobbit movie received 3 Oscar nominations.
| 2 | 2 |
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Home stadium",
"text": "When first starting out they played on a field by the Fosse Road, hence the original name Leicester Fosse."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding and early years (1884–1949)",
"text": "Formed in 1884 by a group of old boys of Wyggeston School as \"Leicester Fosse\", the club joined The Football Association (FA) in 1890."
}
] |
JSnYXENXjpViInbXLlWN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They moved to Filbert Street in 1891, were elected to the Football League in 1894 and adopted the name Leicester City in 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding and early years (1884–1949)",
"text": "Formed in 1884 by a group of old boys of Wyggeston School as \"Leicester Fosse\", the club joined The Football Association (FA) in 1890."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leicester City Football Club is an English professional football club based in Leicester in the East Midlands."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding and early years (1884–1949)",
"text": "The club was reformed as \"Leicester City Football Club\", particularly appropriate as the borough of Leicester had recently been given city status."
},
{
"section_header": "Personnel honours and awards | FWA Footballer of the Year",
"text": "The following players have been named the FWA Footballer of the Year whilst playing for Leicester: 2016 – Jamie Vardy"
},
{
"section_header": "Home stadium",
"text": "When first starting out they played on a field by the Fosse Road, hence the original name Leicester Fosse."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline in the early 21st century (2000–2008)",
"text": "Leicester moved into the new 32,314-seat Walkers Stadium at the start of the 2002–03 season, ending 111 years at Filbert Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Home stadium",
"text": "The club secured the use of an area of ground by Filbert Street, and moved there in 1891.Some improvements by noted football architect Archibald Leitch occurred in the Edwardian era, and in 1927 a new two tier stand was built, named the Double Decker, a name it would keep till the ground's closure in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries",
"text": "The game between the two clubs has become known as the M69 derby, named after the M69 motorway which connects the two cities together."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline in the early 21st century (2000–2008)",
"text": "Taylor was sacked after a poor start to the 2001–02 season, and his successor Dave Bassett lasted just six months before being succeeded by his assistant Micky Adams, the change of management being announced just before relegation was confirmed."
}
] |
Leicester City Football Club was started in 1882 changing from it's orginal name in 1890 when the team moved.
| 2 | 6 |
Leicester City F.C.
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It was the eighth most popular film of 1970 in France."
}
] |
JT0v6ZdnC9Rgn6MEro7e
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "1979 Butch and Sundance: The Early Days, a prequel, was released starring Tom Berenger as Butch Cassidy and William Katt as the Sundance Kid."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "The Academy Film Archive preserved Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid in 1998.Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid was selected by the American Film Institute as the 7th greatest Western of all time in the AFI's 10 Top 10 list in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid were ranked 20th greatest heroes on \"AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid is a 1969 American Western film directed by George Roy Hill and written by William Goldman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid was selected by the American Film Institute as the 7th greatest Western of all time in the AFI's 10 Top 10 list in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Adjusted for inflation, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ranks as the 34th top-grossing film of all time and in the top 10 for its decade, due in part to subsequent re-releases."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads: \"With its iconic pairing of Paul Newman and Robert Redford, jaunty screenplay and Burt Bacharach score, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid has gone down as among the defining moments in late-'60s American cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based loosely on fact, the film tells the story of Wild West outlaws Robert LeRoy Parker, known as Butch Cassidy (Paul Newman), and his partner Harry Longabaugh, the \"Sundance Kid\" (Robert Redford), who are on the run from a crack US posse after a string of train robberies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "His closest companion is the laconic dead-shot \"Sundance Kid\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2003, the film was selected for the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" The American Film Institute ranked Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid as the 73rd-greatest American film on its \"AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)\" list."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It was the eighth most popular film of 1970 in France."
}
] |
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid was hated entirely by the French.
| 0 | 0 |
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco."
}
] |
JTJJDHo6Umu8sNkot1fM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Hubbell was originally signed by the Detroit Tigers and was invited to spring training in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "In 1927 he was invited to spring training again with Detroit, but the Tigers still weren't impressed and sent him two steps down the minor-league ladder, to the Decatur Commodores of the Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Owen Hubbell (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed \"The Meal Ticket\" and \"King Carl\", was an American Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: Carl Jr. (b. 1936) and James."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Years later, he said that being unloaded by the Tigers was the best thing that ever happened to him."
},
{
"section_header": "All-Star Game record",
"text": "In the 1934 All Star Game played at the Polo Grounds, Hubbell produced one of Baseball's most memorable moments by striking out five future Hall of Famers in succession: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Jimmie Foxx, Al Simmons and Joe Cronin."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "In its 1936 World Series cover story about Lou Gehrig and Carl Hubbell, Time magazine depicted the Fall Classic that year between crosstown rivals Giants and Yankees as \"a personal struggle between Hubbell and Gehrig\", calling Hubbell \"... currently baseball's No. 1 Pitcher and among the half dozen ablest in the game's annals."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Despite a 14–7 record, the Tigers didn't invite him back for 1928, and he was sent to the Beaumont Exporters of the Texas League."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Kinsella called Giants manager John McGraw and mentioned that he knew of Hubbell's release by Detroit, prompted in part by Cobb's concerns about the screwball."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Carl Jr. had a brief career in the lower minor leagues and later was a career officer in the United States Marine Corps."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco."
}
] |
Carl Hubbell was a second baseman and played for the Detroit Tigers.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Hubbell
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McGinnity's father, Peter, was born in Dublin, Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Jerome McGinnity (March 20, 1871 – November 14, 1929) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the late 19th and early 20th century."
}
] |
JURzmyNHvp3UfUIS0ljZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Though Stein chose McGinnity as the right-handed pitcher for the Irish team, the team was omitted from the article due to space limitations."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Irish team was included in The Book of Lists, published the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "McGraw said that McGinnity was \"the hardest working pitcher I ever had on my ballcub\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Joe received little formal schooling."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "An outfielder, McGinnity substituted for his team's pitcher in an 1888 game, which he won."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Their second son, Peter, was born in 1869, and Joe was born in 1871."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jennings described him as an even better fielder than he was a pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the age of eight, Joe and his older brothers went to work in the mines to support their family."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1880, the family moved to Springfield, Illinois, where Joe and his brothers worked for the Springfield Coal Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "According to Lee Allen in The National League Story (1961), a reporter asked McGinnity, while he was still a minor league pitcher, what he did in between seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McGinnity's father, Peter, was born in Dublin, Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Jerome McGinnity (March 20, 1871 – November 14, 1929) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the late 19th and early 20th century."
}
] |
Joe McGinnity was a pitcher and has Irish descent.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe McGinnity
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a small rural community of farmers that was unincorporated."
}
] |
JUi0x40lEiyY73PfhTaX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a small rural community of farmers that was unincorporated."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the first of three children born to William Herschel Cobb (1863–1905) and Amanda Chitwood Cobb (1871–1936)."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalry with Sam Crawford",
"text": "Sam Crawford and Ty Cobb were teammates for parts of thirteen seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1911–1914",
"text": "Lucker and Cobb had traded insults with each other through the first couple of innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cobb as player/manager",
"text": "Cobb and Browns player-manager George Sisler each pitched in the final game, Cobb pitching a perfect inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Move to Philadelphia",
"text": "On September 3, Ty Cobb pinch-hit in the ninth inning of the first game of a doubleheader against the Senators and doubled off Bump Hadley for his last career hit although his last at-bat wasn't until September 11 against the Yankees, popping out off Hank Johnson and grounding out to shortstop Mark Koenig."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career | Death",
"text": "Cobb is interred in the Rose Hill Cemetery in Royston, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1911–1914",
"text": "In the seventh inning, he tied the game with a two-run double."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, editors at the Sporting News ranked Ty Cobb third on their list of \"Baseball's 100 Greatest Players\"."
}
] |
Ty Cobb was born in Atlanta, Georgia.
| 3 | 7 |
Ty Cobb
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The original inspiration for Square occurred to Jack Dorsey in 2009 when Jim McKelvey (a friend of Dorsey) was unable to complete a $2,000 sale of his glass faucets and fittings because he could not accept credit cards."
}
] |
JUjiwnZA2pMHphkMmi10
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Business | Growth",
"text": "As of May 2019, Square announced that it had acquired Eloquent Labs, an artificial intelligence startup helping improve the customer service experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Growth",
"text": "In October 2015, Square Inc. filed an IPO to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Operations",
"text": "It launched in the UK in 2017.In March 2020, Square started operating remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Growth",
"text": "In March 2014, the firm announced it will start allowing sellers to accept bitcoin on their own storefronts through Square Market."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Co-founders Dorsey—who also co-founded Twitter—and McKelvey began developing the company out of a small office in St. Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Square, Inc. is an American financial services, merchant services aggregator, and mobile payment company based in San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Business model",
"text": "The firm also generates revenue from selling other services to businesses, including subscription-based products such as Customer Engagement, Square Payroll, and Square Register."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Growth",
"text": "In August 2014, Square secured an investment from Victory Park Capital, an asset management firm, to extend \"hundreds of millions of dollars\" to small businesses via Square Capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Business model",
"text": "Swiped payments are deposited directly into a user's bank account within 1-2 business days."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Business model",
"text": "Square charges $99 for Square Stand and $29 for its chip-based Square Reader."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The original inspiration for Square occurred to Jack Dorsey in 2009 when Jim McKelvey (a friend of Dorsey) was unable to complete a $2,000 sale of his glass faucets and fittings because he could not accept credit cards."
}
] |
Square, Inc. was started as a way for the founder to help his sister with a business problem.
| 0 | 0 |
Square, Inc.
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Prior to managing",
"text": "Prior to managing in the States, Cox played from 1967 to 1970 for the Cardenales de Lara and Leones del Caracas clubs of the Venezuelan Winter League."
}
] |
JUkk8GZYsxclPCBgz0Sc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "As a player, Cox originally signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers, but was never able to make the Dodgers' major league team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Cox played two seasons, mostly at third base, for the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Because of bad knees, Cox became the second in a string of four stopgap players between Clete Boyer and Graig Nettles."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1986–2010) | 2002–2010",
"text": "On September 23, 2009, Cox signed a one-year contract extension through 2010, and on the same day announced that 2010 would be his final year as manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1986–2010) | 1992–93",
"text": "In 1992, Cox's Braves held a 3–1 lead in the National League Championship Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates before losing games 5 and 6, although they did win Game 7 on Francisco Cabrera's ninth-inning, two-out, pinch-hit, two-run single."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1986–2010) | 2002–2010",
"text": "In 2003, the Braves pushed the Chicago Cubs to the fifth game before falling."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1986–2010) | 1995–96",
"text": "After sweeping the Los Angeles Dodgers in the division series, the Braves' pitching fell behind the St. Louis Cardinals, three games to one in the 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Eventually he was acquired by the Braves, but never appeared in an MLB game for them either."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Instead, he was traded to the New York Yankees on December 7, 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1986–2010) | 1995–96",
"text": "In game four, the Braves led 6–0 in the fourth inning, but the Yankees came from behind."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Prior to managing",
"text": "Prior to managing in the States, Cox played from 1967 to 1970 for the Cardenales de Lara and Leones del Caracas clubs of the Venezuelan Winter League."
}
] |
Cox played in Colombia before signing with the Dodgers.
| 1 | 7 |
Bobby Cox
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Swahili pronunciation: [ˈdʒuːlius kɑmˈbɑɾɑgɑ ɲɛˈɾɛɾɛ]; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, politician, and political theorist."
}
] |
JUpUWbHuklLxW59hmFdD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "He thought that \"few would deny\" that Nyerere \"became a dictator\", although noted that \"he maintained his authority without mass violence\", unlike many other dictatorial leaders in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "Maybe he did not kill people as other dictators, but by suppressing dissent he was not different to any other dictator."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of Tanzania | Economic crises with War with Uganda: 1971–1979",
"text": "By 1977, Kambona had turned against Nyerere, accusing the latter of being a dictator."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership and Presidency of Tanganyika | Presidency of Tanganyika: 1962–1964 | Facing mutiny",
"text": "As the British marines left, he brought in the Nigerian Third Battalion to keep order."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Edinburgh University: 1949–1952",
"text": "Nyerere gained many friends in Edinburgh, and socialised with Nigerians and West Indians living in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1962, Tanganyika became a republic, with Nyerere elected its first president."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "\" Shivji disagreed, stating that \"to be sure, Nyerere was not a dictator\", although described the policies which Nyerere enacted as being authoritarian."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of Tanzania | Final term in office: 1980–1985",
"text": "Nyerere remained chair of CCM until 1990 and from this position became a vocal critic of Mwinyi's policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Founding the Tanganyika African National Union: 1952–1955",
"text": "Nyerere became increasingly involved in politics; in April 1953, he was elected president of the Tanganyika African Association (TAA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership and Presidency of Tanganyika | Premiership of Tanganyika: 1961–1962",
"text": "In early 1963, Amir Jamal, an Asian Tanganyikan, became the party's first non-indigenous member; the white Derek Bryceson became its second."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julius Kambarage Nyerere (Swahili pronunciation: [ˈdʒuːlius kɑmˈbɑɾɑgɑ ɲɛˈɾɛɾɛ]; 13 April 1922 – 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian anti-colonial activist, politician, and political theorist."
}
] |
Julius Nyerere was a Nigerian Dictator who became president.
| 2 | 8 |
Julius Nyerere
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A founding member of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) party—which in 1977 became the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party"
}
] |
JVEtXMEBAynESRHaTrQI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Schooling: 1934–1942",
"text": "At the time they continued to live apart."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Democracy and the one-party state",
"text": "For Nyerere, it was the preservation of political and civil liberties, rather than the presence of multiple parties, that ensured democracy; he believed that freedom of speech was possible in a one-party state."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Democracy and the one-party state",
"text": "The only democracies they have known have been multi-party systems, and the only one-party systems they have seen have been non-democratic."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Democracy and the one-party state",
"text": "But: a multiplicity of parties does not guarantee democracy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Democracy and the one-party state",
"text": "In his words, \"where there is one party, and that party is identified with the nation as a whole, the foundations of democracy are firmer than they can ever be when you have two or more parties, each representing only a section of the community!\" He repeatedly wrote arguments on these ideas, often aimed at Western liberals."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Democracy and the one-party state",
"text": "Following the 1965 parliamentary election, in which different candidates from the same party competed for most seats, Nyerere noted: \"I don't blame Westerners for being sceptical."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Democracy and the one-party state",
"text": "He criticised the de facto two-party system he had observed in Britain, describing it as \"foot-ball politics\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of Tanzania | Domestic and foreign affairs: 1964–1966",
"text": "Observing that a small sector of the population were able to attain a high level of education, he grew concerned that they would form an elitist group apart from the rest of the people."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Democracy and the one-party state",
"text": "He opposed the formation of different parties and other political organisations with differing objectives in Tanzania, deeming them disruptive to his idea of the harmonious society and fearing their ability to further destabilise the fragile state."
},
{
"section_header": "Political ideology | Democracy and the one-party state",
"text": "He emphasized that post-colonial African states were in a very different situation to Western countries and thus required a different governance structure; specifically, he favoured a representative democratic system within a one-party state."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A founding member of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) party—which in 1977 became the Chama Cha Mapinduzi party"
}
] |
Nyerere was apart of the NATU party.
| 0 | 0 |
Julius Nyerere
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Peter's burial site",
"text": "The area now covered by the Vatican City had been a cemetery for some years before the Circus of Nero was built."
}
] |
JVbgAmYJNAwdiDvoWlNh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "It is the most prominent building in the Vatican City."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock",
"text": "Above the Roman clock is the coat of arms for the city-state of Vatican City since 1931 held by two angels."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Peter's burial site",
"text": "The area now covered by the Vatican City had been a cemetery for some years before the Circus of Nero was built."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Peter's burial site",
"text": "Almost three hundred years later, Old St. Peter's Basilica was constructed over this site."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Italian: The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply Saint Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is a church built in the Renaissance style located in Vatican City, the papal enclave which is within the city of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "Construction of the current basilica, over the old Constantinian basilica, began on 18 April 1506 and finished in 1615."
},
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "However, unlike all the other Papal Major Basilicas, it is wholly within the territory, and thus the sovereign jurisdiction, of the Vatican City State, and not that of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "St. Peter's is a church built in the Renaissance style located in the Vatican City west of the River Tiber and near the Janiculum Hill and Hadrian's Mausoleum."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Michelangelo's contribution",
"text": "Michelangelo took over a building site at which four piers, enormous beyond any constructed since ancient Roman times, were rising behind the remaining nave of the old basilica."
},
{
"section_header": "Status",
"text": "As one of the constituent structures of the historically and architecturally significant Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984 under criteria (i), (ii), (iv), and (vi)."
}
] |
Vatican City was constructed over a graveyard.
| 1 | 6 |
St. Peter's Basilica
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "During the Korean War era, in 1951 and 1952, Ford served in the Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "He rejoined the Yankees for the 1953 season, and the Yankee \"Big Three\" pitching staff became a \"Big Four\", as Ford joined Allie Reynolds, Vic Raschi, and Eddie Lopat."
}
] |
JWV5LsGqaXj69T3o2HRv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Charles \"Whitey\" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed \"The Chairman of the Board\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Career statistics",
"text": "During the 16 years that Ford played for the Yankees (1950 and 1953–1967), his .690 winning percentage outpaced that of the Yankees, who had a record of 1,486–1,027 (.594) during the same years, and who were 1,027–106 (.576) for games in which Ford did not earn a decision."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "He rejoined the Yankees for the 1953 season, and the Yankee \"Big Three\" pitching staff became a \"Big Four\", as Ford joined Allie Reynolds, Vic Raschi, and Eddie Lopat."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "Waiters and waitresses dressed in Yankees road uniforms, with Ford's retired No. 16 on the back."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | World Series and All-Star Games",
"text": "Ford always felt that had he been able to appear in three games instead of just two, the Yankees would have won."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "During the Korean War era, in 1951 and 1952, Ford served in the Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "Ford was signed by the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1947, and played his entire career with them."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "Ford was a Yankees coach in two different stints: 1968 as first base coach and from 1974-1975, as pitching coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "On September 21, 2008 Ford and Yogi Berra were guests of the broadcast team for the final game played at Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "Ford received a handful of lower-ballot Most Valuable Player votes despite throwing just 112 innings, and was voted the AL Rookie of the Year by the Sporting News. (Walt Dropo was the Rookie of Year choice of the BBWAA.) In 1951, he married Joan at St. Patrick's Catholic Church in Glen Cove, New York on Long Island."
}
] |
After serving in the American troops for two years, Whitey Ford came back to play for the Yankees for the 1953 season.
| 1 | 2 |
Whitey Ford
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Babur's memoirs form the main source for details of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "One of the enduring features of Babur's life was that he left behind the lively and well-written autobiography known as Baburnama."
}
] |
JWnFCdug6003EDFOQR5e
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "'l-ʿazam wa 'l-ḫāqān al-mukkarram pādshāh-e ġāzī."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | As ruler of Fergana",
"text": "Babur had a great ambition to capture the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the Mughal Empire | First battle of Panipat",
"text": "Babur marched on to Delhi via Sirhind."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Babur is considered a national hero in Uzbekistan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babur died in 1530 in Agra and Humayun succeeded him."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | As ruler of Fergana",
"text": "Only after this were Babur and his troops allowed to depart the city in safety."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of Central Asia | At Kabul",
"text": "Babur returned to Kabul after three years in 1514."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Some sources claim that Babur is a national hero in Kyrgyzstan too."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babur (Persian: بابر, romanized: Bābur, lit. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and relationships",
"text": "She was an infant when betrothed to Babur, who was himself five years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Babur's memoirs form the main source for details of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "One of the enduring features of Babur's life was that he left behind the lively and well-written autobiography known as Baburnama."
}
] |
Babur was illiterate.
| 2 | 2 |
Babur
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After changing their name to Coldplay, they recorded and released two EPs: Safety in 1998 and The Blue Room in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, and drummer Will Champion met at University College London and began playing music together from 1996 to 1998, first calling themselves Pectoralz and then Starfish before finally changing their name to Coldplay."
}
] |
JWrlYTJLCzpws870v0mo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Formation and first years",
"text": "The band finally settled on the name \"Coldplay\" which was suggested by Tim Crompton, a local student who had been using the name for his group."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Their alternative rock style has been compared to bands like U2, Oasis, A-ha, R.E.M., and Radiohead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After changing their name to Coldplay, they recorded and released two EPs: Safety in 1998 and The Blue Room in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: A Head Full of Dreams",
"text": "The album reached number one in the UK, and number two in the US, Australia and Canada among others, where it was kept off the top spot by Adele's 25."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: A Head Full of Dreams",
"text": "On 2 March, Martin's birthday, the band released a track from the EP, \"Hypnotised\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2010: Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends",
"text": "On 9 November, Coldplay were named the World's Best Selling Act of 2008 at the World Music Awards in Monte Carlo."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: A Head Full of Dreams",
"text": "On 30 November 2018, Coldplay released Global Citizen – EP 1 under the name Los Unidades."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2013–2014: Ghost Stories",
"text": "In December 2014, Spotify named Coldplay the most-streamed band in the world for 2014, and third most-streamed artist behind Ed Sheeran and Eminem."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: A Head Full of Dreams",
"text": "In April 2016, the band were named the sixth best selling artist worldwide in 2015.On 26 June 2016, Coldplay closed the final day of the Glastonbury Festival in England."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: A Head Full of Dreams",
"text": "At the 2015 Billboard Music Awards on 17 May, Ghost Stories was named Top Rock Album."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vocalist and pianist Chris Martin, guitarist Jonny Buckland, bassist Guy Berryman, and drummer Will Champion met at University College London and began playing music together from 1996 to 1998, first calling themselves Pectoralz and then Starfish before finally changing their name to Coldplay."
}
] |
Coldplay has had 2 other names.
| 0 | 0 |
Coldplay
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band's primary songwriters, the partnership of Jagger and Richards, assumed leadership after Andrew Loog Oldham became the group's manager."
}
] |
JX4VzgUgbtYyOAHZT1dL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1965–1967: Height of fame",
"text": "Jagger and Richards were tried at the end of June."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2017–present: Upcoming studio album, No Filter Tour and Jagger's surgery",
"text": "On 16 May, the Rolling Stones announced that the No Filter Tour would resume on 21 June with the 17 postponed dates rescheduled up to the end of August."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band's primary songwriters, the partnership of Jagger and Richards, assumed leadership after Andrew Loog Oldham became the group's manager."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1978–1982: Commercial peak",
"text": "\"Start Me Up\", which reached No.2 in the US and ranked No.22 on Billboard's Hot 100 year-end chart."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "In June 1962 the addition of the drummer Tony Chapman completed the line-up of Jagger, Richards, Jones, Stewart and Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1989–1999: Comeback and record-breaking tours",
"text": "Jagger and Richards set aside their animosity and went to work on a new Rolling Stones album, Steel Wheels."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1968–1972: \"Back to basics\"",
"text": "The Rolling Stones Rock and Roll Circus, which originally began as an idea about \"the new shape of the rock-and-roll concert tour\", was filmed at the end of 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Critical fluctuations and Ronnie Wood",
"text": "His marriage to Bianca Jagger ended in 1977, although they had long been estranged."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1983–1988: Band turmoil and solo projects",
"text": "With relations between Richards and Jagger at an all-time low, Jagger refused to tour to promote the album and instead undertook a solo tour, where he performed some Rolling Stones' songs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Critical fluctuations and Ronnie Wood",
"text": "At the end of 1974, with a recording session already booked in Munich to record another album, Taylor quit the Rolling Stones."
}
] |
The Rolling Stones songwriters ended up being Jagger and Richards.
| 2 | 3 |
The Rolling Stones
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory (before the 6th century BC)",
"text": "The oldest traces of human life in what is now France date from approximately 1.8 million years ago."
}
] |
JXEqqHf2UHYiQ4I8N5Xh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "2 million were Black (3.3%), and 1 million were Asian (1.7%).Since"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art",
"text": "These three state-owned museums welcome close to 17 million people a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "However, like many developed nations, France's population is aging; the average age is 42.6 years, while close to a fifth of French people are 65 or over."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contemporary period (1914–present)",
"text": "It resulted in half million to a million deaths and over 2 million internally displaced Algerians."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "In 2004, the Institut Montaigne estimated that within Metropolitan France, 51 million people were White (85% of the population), 6 million were Northwest African (10%),"
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "It is estimated that between 300 million and 500 million people worldwide can speak French, either as a mother tongue or a second language."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "It counts 1,200 museums welcoming more than 50 million people annually."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory (before the 6th century BC)",
"text": "The oldest traces of human life in what is now France date from approximately 1.8 million years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "In 2008, the TeO (\"Trajectories and origins\") poll conducted jointly by INED and the French National Institute of Statistics estimated that 5 million people were of Italian ancestry (the largest immigrant community), followed by 3 million to 6 million of Northwest African ancestry, 2.5 million of Sub-Saharan African origin, 500,000 ethnic Armenian, and 200,000 people of Turkish ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "This 83 million figure excludes people staying less than 24 hours, such as North Europeans crossing France on their way to Spain or Italy."
}
] |
France has been inhabited by people for over 1 million years.
| 1 | 5 |
France
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Operatic adaptation",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain is an American opera composed by Charles Wuorinen with a libretto by Annie Proulx, based on her 1997 short story by the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain cost about US$14 million to produce, excluding its reported advertising budget of $5 million."
}
] |
JZ5wTJ7WXeRvp8zGIlli
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Quaid lawsuit",
"text": "The film had grossed more than $160 million as of the date of his lawsuit, which sought $10 million plus punitive damages."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain was released on Blu-ray in the United States on March 10, 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain cost about US$14 million to produce, excluding its reported advertising budget of $5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "One month later, it reached more than one million viewers (more than 1,250,000 on March 18), with still 168 cinemas (in the 10th week)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "He divulged in the same interview that Brokeback Mountain \"nurtured\" him back into filmmaking."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The fictional \"Brokeback Mountain\" was named to suggest a physical feature, after a term used for a swaybacked horse or mule."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "The film moved more than 1.5 million copies on its first day of release and was the third biggest seller of the week behind Disney's The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe and King Kong."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The mountain featured in the film is a composite of Mount Lougheed south of the town of Canmore and Fortress and Moose Mountain in Kananaskis Country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was also commercially successful, grossing $178 million worldwide against its $14 million budget, withstanding issues regarding distribution in a number of countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Post-Academy Awards debate",
"text": "Michael Jensen noted that prior to the Oscar ceremony, Brokeback Mountain became \"the most honored movie in cinematic history\", winning more Best Picture and Director awards than previous Oscar winners"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Operatic adaptation",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain is an American opera composed by Charles Wuorinen with a libretto by Annie Proulx, based on her 1997 short story by the same name."
}
] |
Brokeback Mountain production expense was more than 10 million.
| 0 | 6 |
Brokeback Mountain
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1923−1929) | Civil rights",
"text": "\"Coolidge \"Coolidge repeatedly called for laws to make lynching a federal crime (it was already a state crime, though not always enforced)."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1923−1929) | Civil rights",
"text": "On June 2, 1924, Coolidge signed the Indian Citizenship Act, which granted U.S. citizenship to all American Indians living on reservations. (Those off reservations had long been citizens.) On June 6, 1924, Coolidge delivered a commencement address at historically black, non-segregated Howard University, in which he thanked and commended African-Americans for their rapid advances in education and their contributions to US society over the years, as well as their eagerness to render their services as soldiers in the World War, all while being faced with discrimination and prejudices at home."
}
] |
JZU6toL8mKxeD7scjPUJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family history",
"text": "His grandfather Calvin Galusha Coolidge served in the Vermont House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Calvin Coolidge (born John Calvin Coolidge Jr.; ; July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement and death",
"text": "Coolidge published his autobiography in 1929 and wrote a syndicated newspaper column, \"Calvin Coolidge Says,\" from 1930 to 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family history",
"text": "Although named for his father, John, from early childhood Coolidge was addressed by his middle name, Calvin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family history",
"text": "He was the elder of the two children of John Calvin Coolidge Sr. (1845–1926) and Victoria Josephine Moor (1846–1885)."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement and death",
"text": "The nearby family home is maintained as one of the original buildings on the Calvin Coolidge Homestead District site."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and marriage | Marriage and family",
"text": "Calvin Jr. died at age 16 from blood poisoning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and marriage | Marriage and family",
"text": "The President never forgave himself for Calvin Jr's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and marriage | Marriage and family",
"text": "Calvin Jr. (April 13, 1908 – July 7, 1924)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family history",
"text": "His middle name was selected in honor of John Calvin, considered a founder of the Congregational church in which Coolidge was raised and remained active throughout his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1923−1929) | Civil rights",
"text": "\"Coolidge \"Coolidge repeatedly called for laws to make lynching a federal crime (it was already a state crime, though not always enforced)."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1923−1929) | Civil rights",
"text": "On June 2, 1924, Coolidge signed the Indian Citizenship Act, which granted U.S. citizenship to all American Indians living on reservations. (Those off reservations had long been citizens.) On June 6, 1924, Coolidge delivered a commencement address at historically black, non-segregated Howard University, in which he thanked and commended African-Americans for their rapid advances in education and their contributions to US society over the years, as well as their eagerness to render their services as soldiers in the World War, all while being faced with discrimination and prejudices at home."
}
] |
Calvin Coolidge was not racist.
| 0 | 0 |
Calvin Coolidge
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Mumbai is India's largest city (by population) and is the financial and commercial capital of the country as it generates 6.16% of the total GDP."
}
] |
JZV5HMbj6KbpVSXGHx3W
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The port and shipping industry is well established, with Mumbai Port being one of the oldest and most significant ports in India."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The key sectors contributing to the city's economy are: finance, gems & jewellery, leather processing, IT and ITES, textiles, and entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Mumbai is India's largest city (by population) and is the financial and commercial capital of the country as it generates 6.16% of the total GDP."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is also one of the world's top ten centres of commerce in terms of global financial flow, generating 6.16% of India's GDP, and accounting for 25% of industrial output, 70% of maritime trade in India (Mumbai Port Trust and JNPT), and 70% of capital transactions to India's economy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent India",
"text": "Subsequently, the city became the capital of Bombay State."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "This is facilitated by the presence of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE), and financial sector regulators such as the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).Until the 1970s, Mumbai owed its prosperity largely to textile mills and the seaport, but the local economy has since then diversified to include finance, engineering, diamond-polishing, healthcare and information technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Along with the rest of India, Mumbai has witnessed an economic boom since the liberalisation of 1991, the finance boom in the mid-nineties and the IT, export, services and outsourcing boom in the 2000s."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "500 companies are based in Mumbai."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Public transport | Bus",
"text": "Mumbai's transport system has been categorised as one of the most congested in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mumbai (English: , Marathi: [ˈmumbəi]; colloquially known as Bombay , the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra."
}
] |
The capital city of Maharashtra, India, Mumbai's economy is base on finances and it being a port city.
| 0 | 0 |
Mumbai
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a young man, Rivera played soccer and baseball with his friends on the beach during low tide."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soccer was his favorite sport, and Pelé his favorite athlete."
}
] |
JZjjksWx2R6F1AtFdbC1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mariano Rivera (born November 29, 1969) is a Panamanian-American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, from 1995 to 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Leading up to and following his induction into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, Rivera was recognized by several institutions."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mariano Rivera was born in Panama City, Panama, on November 29, 1969, to Mariano Rivera Palacios and Delia Jiron."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Fellow closer Joe Nathan said: \"I look up to how he's handled himself on and off the field... You never see him show up anyone"
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Personality",
"text": "\" Rivera explained the need to quickly forget bad performances, saying, \"the game that you're going to play tomorrow is not going to be the same game that you just played.\" Derek Jeter called him the \"most mentally tough\" teammate with whom he had ever played."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a young man, Rivera played soccer and baseball with his friends on the beach during low tide."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "and he respects the game. I've always looked up to him"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1995–2013) | 2013",
"text": "Many teams made donations to the Mariano Rivera Foundation, the pitcher's charitable organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1995–2013) | 1995–1997",
"text": "After being called up to the major leagues on May 16, 1995, Rivera made his debut for the New York Yankees on May 23 against the California Angels."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Major leagues (1995–2013) | 2013",
"text": "In Cleveland, the Indians teamed up with the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame to present Rivera with a gold record of his entrance song \" Enter Sandman\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soccer was his favorite sport, and Pelé his favorite athlete."
}
] |
Mariano Rivera did only play baseball while growing up.
| 0 | 0 |
Mariano Rivera
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction and late 19th century",
"text": "The architect, Jean Chalgrin, died in 1811 and the work was taken over by Jean-Nicolas Huyot."
}
] |
Ja7L9Y786jY23zbk3CDs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction and late 19th century",
"text": "The architect, Jean Chalgrin, died in 1811 and the work was taken over by Jean-Nicolas Huyot."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "The astylar design is by Jean Chalgrin (1739–1811), in the Neoclassical version of ancient Roman architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction and late 19th century",
"text": "During the Bourbon Restoration, construction was halted and it would not be completed until the reign of King Louis-Philippe, between 1833 and 1836, by the architects Goust, then Huyot, under the direction of Héricart de Thury."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Jean Navarre was the pilot who was tasked to make the flight, but he died on 10 July 1919 when he crashed near Villacoublay while training for the flight."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "The battles that took place in the period between the departure of Napoleon from Elba to his final defeat at Waterloo are not included."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "The names of those who died on the battlefield are underlined."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the central cohesive element of the Axe historique (historic axis, a sequence of monuments and grand thoroughfares on a route running from the courtyard of the Louvre to the Grande Arche de la Défense), the Arc de Triomphe was designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806; its iconographic programme pits heroically nude French youths against bearded Germanic warriors in chain mail."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "Inside the monument, a permanent exhibition conceived by the artist Maurice Benayoun and the architect Christophe Girault opened in February 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Tomb of the Unknown Soldier",
"text": "POUR LA PATRIE 1914–1918 (\"Here lies a French soldier who died for the fatherland 1914–1918\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "Le Triomphe de 1810, by Jean-Pierre Cortot celebrates the Treaty of Schönbrunn."
}
] |
Jean-Nicholas Huyot took over the work when the architect, Jean Chalgrin died.
| 2 | 7 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Style and structure | Title",
"text": "When Faulkner began writing the story that would develop into The Sound and the Fury, it \"was tentatively titled ‘Twilight,’ [and] narrated by a fourth Compson child,\" but as the story progressed into a larger work, he renamed it, drawing its title from Macbeth's famous soliloquy from act 5, scene 5 of William Shakespeare's Macbeth: Immediately obvious is the notion of a \"tale told by an idiot,\" in this case Benjy, whose view of the Compsons' story opens the novel."
}
] |
JaJjo9KxC0peA035S9oQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Appendix: Compson: 1699–1945",
"text": "Having been written sixteen years after The Sound and the Fury, the appendix presents some textual differences from the novel, but serves to clarify the novel's opaque story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1931, however, when Faulkner's sixth novel, Sanctuary, was published—a sensationalist story, which Faulkner later said was written only for money—The Sound and the Fury also became commercially successful, and Faulkner began to receive critical attention."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and structure | Title",
"text": "When Faulkner began writing the story that would develop into The Sound and the Fury, it \"was tentatively titled ‘Twilight,’ [and] narrated by a fourth Compson child,\" but as the story progressed into a larger work, he renamed it, drawing its title from Macbeth's famous soliloquy from act 5, scene 5 of William Shakespeare's Macbeth: Immediately obvious is the notion of a \"tale told by an idiot,\" in this case Benjy, whose view of the Compsons' story opens the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a widely influential work of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a novel by the American author William Faulkner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1929, The Sound and the Fury was Faulkner's fourth novel, and was not immediately successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is set in Jefferson, Mississippi, in the first third of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "In 1945, Faulkner wrote a \"Compson Appendix\" to be included with future printings of The Sound and the Fury."
}
] |
The Sound and Fury was not almost named the same thing as a modern sparkly vampire story.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sound and the Fury
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He met pop singer Madonna in February 1985, and they married that August on her 27th birthday; Penn turned 25 the next day."
}
] |
Jb3sMwdBHwSbeDbFOVql
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism | Criticism of President Bush",
"text": "In the letter, Penn also criticized the Bush administration for its \"deconstruction of civil liberties\" and its \"simplistic and inflammatory view of good and evil.\" Penn visited Iraq briefly in December 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\" Penn was alleged to have struck Madonna on multiple occasions, but in 2015 Madonna stated the allegations were \"completely outrageous, malicious, reckless, and false\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism | Criticism of President Bush",
"text": "\"Sean is one of the few,\" remarked his ex-wife Madonna."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He met pop singer Madonna in February 1985, and they married that August on her 27th birthday; Penn turned 25 the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Madonna filed for divorce in December 1987 but later withdrew the papers, only to file them again in January 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The two starred in the panned and much-derided Shanghai Surprise (1986), directed by Jim Goddard, and Madonna dedicated her third studio album True Blue (1986) to Penn, referring to him in the liner notes as \"the coolest guy in the universe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Madonna reportedly filed an assault complaint that she was beaten in her Malibu, California home by her estranged husband, but in January 1989, the Associated Press reported that she had \"dropped assault charges."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Penn was born in Santa Monica, California, to actor and director Leo Penn, and actress Eileen Ryan (née Annucci)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His older brother is musician Michael Penn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "Penn played Andrew Daulton Lee in the film"
}
] |
Madonna and Penn only dated briefly.
| 4 | 6 |
Sean Penn
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Too Far This Time\". Sales of her music sputtered, however, and she was dropped from her record label."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She subsequently switched her focus to acting, enrolling at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute."
}
] |
Jb3sViAZP7yZ0MIKUI2D
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Texas, Spacek initially aspired to a career as a singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Sissy Spacek uses her freckled pallor and whitish eyelashes to suggest a squashed, groggy girl who could go in any direction; at times, she seems unborn – a fetus."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Schuyler Fisk has followed in her mother's footsteps as both an actress and a singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek's performance was widely praised, and Pauline Kael of The New Yorker wrote, \"Though few actresses have distinguished themselves in gothics, Sissy Spacek, who is onscreen almost continuously, gives a classic chameleon performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert has credited the movie's success \"to the performance by Sissy Spacek as Loretta Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a singer, Spacek sang all of Loretta Lynn's songs for the soundtrack album of Coal Miner's Daughter, which garnered her a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "\" In addition, Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice wrote \"Sissy Spacek – yes, I'm flabbergasted – is simple and faithful as Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek subsequently switched her focus to acting, enrolling at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although her birth name was Mary Elizabeth, she always was called Sissy by her brothers, which led to her stage name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Too Far This Time\". Sales of her music sputtered, however, and she was dropped from her record label."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She subsequently switched her focus to acting, enrolling at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute."
}
] |
Texan Sissy Spacek started as a singer but is known for her acting.
| 0 | 0 |
Sissy Spacek
|
NOCAT
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the three \"Great Unifiers\" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi."
}
] |
JcTgqFbS1GZhVMYzqWgT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the three \"Great Unifiers\" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu in popular culture",
"text": "In earlier games, he was armed with spears and led countless warriors, in later ones, he discards the spear and fights with his fists and wants Japan united under the force of bonds."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power (1556–1584) | Conflict with Takeda",
"text": "Despite his initial reticence, Ieyasu was convinced by one of his generals to retreat."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power (1556–1584) | Alliance with Oda",
"text": "In one engagement, he was nearly killed when struck by two bullets which did not penetrate his armour."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power (1556–1584) | Death of Nobunaga",
"text": "The leader of Kai province made the mistake of killing one of Ieyasu's aides."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu's character",
"text": "The strong manly ones in life are those who understand the meaning of the word patience."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Happily for Ieyasu, the oldest and most respected of the regents, Toshiie Maeda, died after just one year."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Opposition to Ieyasu centered around Ishida Mitsunari, a powerful daimyō who was not one of the regents."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "This battle, fought near Sekigahara, was the biggest and one of the most important battles in Japanese feudal history."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power (1556–1584)",
"text": "Odaka was the only one of five disputed frontier forts under attack by the Oda which remained in Imagawa hands."
}
] |
Tokugawa Ieyasu was one of the 3 "Great Unifiers" of Japan.
| 1 | 6 |
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was considered as a running mate, most significantly in 1952 by Dwight Eisenhower and then largely due to Ike’s advice and encouragement ended up being chosen the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 presidential election alongside incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon."
}
] |
Jd12Ke8vaKDWOskB8xJj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career | 1960 Vice Presidential campaign",
"text": "The choice of Lodge proved to be questionable."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | 1960 Vice Presidential campaign",
"text": "Also, some conservative Republicans charged that Lodge had cost the ticket votes, particularly in the South, by his pledge (made without Nixon's approval) that if elected, Nixon would name at least one African American to a Cabinet post."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | \"Walking for President\"",
"text": "Despite their defeat in 1960 neither Nixon's nor Lodge's national profiles were damaged with both being speculated candidates for the 1964 presidential election and Lodge's was greatly improved with him being mentioned on the \"Most Admired Men\" list in 1962 and received mentions to be included in Republican presidential polling and when included he came ahead of major candidates such as George Romney and Nelson Rockefeller."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was considered as a running mate, most significantly in 1952 by Dwight Eisenhower and then largely due to Ike’s advice and encouragement ended up being chosen the Republican nominee for Vice President in the 1960 presidential election alongside incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon."
}
] |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. was Nixon's choice for VP.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Layoffs",
"text": "In October 2014, Microsoft revealed that it was almost done with the elimination of 18,000 employees, which was its largest-ever layoff sweep."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Layoffs",
"text": "Microsoft employed 127,104 people as of June 5, 2014, making this about a 14 percent reduction of its workforce as the biggest Microsoft lay off ever."
}
] |
JdCIoEzWV4NU2p6cI1q0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Layoffs",
"text": "The firings came as a second wave of the layoffs that were previously announced."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Layoffs",
"text": "In October 2014, Microsoft revealed that it was almost done with the elimination of 18,000 employees, which was its largest-ever layoff sweep."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing",
"text": "Penn created a series of negative advertisements targeting one of Microsoft's chief competitors, Google."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1985–1994: Windows and Office",
"text": "In 1990, Microsoft introduced the Microsoft Office suite which bundled separate applications such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "Microsoft initially moved onto the grounds of the campus on February 26, 1986, weeks before the company went public on March 13."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1985–1994: Windows and Office",
"text": "In 1990, the Federal Trade Commission examined Microsoft for possible collusion due to the partnership with IBM, marking the beginning of more than a decade of legal clashes with the government."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1985–1994: Windows and Office",
"text": "Microsoft moved its headquarters from Bellevue to Redmond, Washington on February 26, 1986, and went public on March 13, with the resulting rise in stock making an estimated four billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores",
"text": "The initiative is meant to speed innovation through simple software changes in telecommunications networks, wireless networks, data centers and other networking areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Layoffs",
"text": "Microsoft employed 127,104 people as of June 5, 2014, making this about a 14 percent reduction of its workforce as the biggest Microsoft lay off ever."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Layoffs",
"text": "In July 2014, Microsoft announced plans to lay off 18,000 employees."
}
] |
Microsoft went through a series of layoffs in the 1990s.
| 3 | 6 |
Microsoft
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1816 to January 1836."
},
{
"section_header": "History | State bank",
"text": "In February 1836, the bank became a private corporation under the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania law."
}
] |
JdKp17mmZaxTZl6Ui70Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Failing to secure recharter, the Second Bank of the United States became a private corporation in 1836, and underwent liquidation in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1816 to January 1836."
},
{
"section_header": "History | State bank",
"text": "In February 1836, the bank became a private corporation under the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania law."
},
{
"section_header": "BUS regulatory mechanisms",
"text": "The primary regulatory task of the Second Bank of the United States, as chartered by Congress in 1816, was to restrain the uninhibited proliferation of paper money (bank notes) by state or private lenders, which was highly profitable to these institutions."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of charter",
"text": "The chief personnel for the bank comprised twenty-five directors, five of whom were appointed by the President of the United States, subject to Senate approval."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jackson's Bank War",
"text": "Jackson proceeded to destroy the bank as a financial and political force by removing its federal deposits, and in 1833, federal revenue was diverted into selected private banks by executive order, ending the regulatory role of the Second Bank of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of charter",
"text": "The Second Bank of the United States was America's central bank, comparable to the Bank of England and the Bank of France, with one key distinction – the United States government owned one-fifth (20%) of its capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Strickland's design for the Second Bank of the United States is in essence based on the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, and is a significant early and monumental example of Greek Revival architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | State bank",
"text": "A shortage of hard currency ensued, causing the Panic of 1837 and lasting approximately seven years."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The Greek Revival style used for the Second Bank contrasts with the earlier, Federal style in architecture used for the First Bank of the United States, which also still stands and is located nearby in Philadelphia."
}
] |
The Second Bank of the United States became a private entity after twenty years in 1836.
| 0 | 4 |
Second Bank of the United States
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In 2012, Cincinnati-based delicatessen Izzy's created the \"Barry Larkin Triple Play\" sandwich in honor of Larkin."
}
] |
Jekwl77MpB5XBzlmmkjA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "On Tuesday, March 24, 2009, the College Baseball Foundation announced the names of the ten players and coaches comprising the 2009 National College Baseball Hall of Fame Induction Class, which included Barry Larkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Louis Larkin (born April 28, 1964) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Amateur career",
"text": "Larkin was also named Big Ten Player of the Year in 1984 and 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "He wrote, \"Barry Larkin wasn't quite Williams at the end, but he was in the vicinity when it comes to the big picture... After years of injuries, he showed what a healthy Larkin still could do, but he also showed that he preferred to leave the game more like Williams than just about anybody else you can name in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Middle career",
"text": "Larkin was named the Reds' captain before the 1997 season, making him the first player to hold the honor since Dave Concepción's retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Larkin's brother, Stephen Larkin, was also a professional baseball player; he made it to the major leagues for one game with the Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Barry Larkin played with the Vermont Reds on their team that won the 1985 Eastern League Championship and in 1986 was the Rookie of the Year and AAA Player of the Year with the Denver Zephyrs."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Brielle D'Shea is named in honor of Shea Stadium, as Larkin enjoyed playing there."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In 2012, Cincinnati-based delicatessen Izzy's created the \"Barry Larkin Triple Play\" sandwich in honor of Larkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "Crowd chants of \"Barry Larkin\" and \"Hall of Fame\" often caused the anchors to have to talk very loud to be heard."
}
] |
Barry Larkin was a baseball player that has a drink named after him.
| 0 | 2 |
Barry Larkin
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Unseen characters",
"text": "Whether these characters are real or fabrications of Party propaganda is something that neither Winston nor the reader is permitted to know: Big Brother – the leader and figurehead of the Party that rules Oceania."
}
] |
Jeu3mUcCu0SBdH0nlxOg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Unseen characters",
"text": "Whether these characters are real or fabrications of Party propaganda is something that neither Winston nor the reader is permitted to know: Big Brother – the leader and figurehead of the Party that rules Oceania."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Secondary characters",
"text": "Later, as a prisoner, Winston sees Parsons is in the Ministry of Love, as his daughter had reported him to the Thought Police, saying she heard him speak against Big Brother in his sleep."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Secondary characters",
"text": "He sees too clearly and speaks too plainly.\" Winston predicts, correctly, that Syme will become an unperson."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Winston looks at the portrait of Big Brother, accepting his full conversion and reflects that \"He loved Big Brother\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Secondary characters",
"text": "Aaronson, Jones, and Rutherford – former members of the Inner Party whom Winston vaguely remembers as among the original leaders of the Revolution, long before he had heard of Big Brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "It includes the tracks \"We Are The Dead\", \"1984\" and \"Big Brother\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Secondary characters",
"text": "The Parsons children – members of the Party Youth League, representing the new generation of Oceanian citizens, without memory of life before Big Brother, and without family ties or emotional sentiment; the model society envisioned by the Inner Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and title",
"text": "The Napoleon of Notting Hill, which mocks the art of prophecy, opens in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Big Brother, the leader of the Party, enjoys an intense cult of personality despite the fact that he may not exist."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "The advert stated, \"1984 won't be like 1984“, suggesting that the Apple Mac would be freedom from Big Brother, the IBM PC."
}
] |
Big Brother is not, strictly speaking, a real character.
| 2 | 5 |
Nineteen Eighty-Four
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel is divided into five volumes, each volume divided into several books, and subdivided into chapters, for a total of 48 books and 365 chapters."
}
] |
JeurUgWATXecBe8AO8kr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel is divided into five volumes, each volume divided into several books, and subdivided into chapters, for a total of 48 books and 365 chapters."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel contains various subplots, but the main thread is the story of ex-convict Jean Valjean, who becomes a force for good in the world but cannot escape his criminal past."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "Hugo devotes another 19 chapters (Volume II, Book I) to an account of—and a meditation on the place in history of—the Battle of Waterloo, the battlefield which Hugo visited in 1861 and where he finished writing the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Each chapter is relatively short, commonly no longer than a few pages."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "The novel opens with a statement about the bishop of Digne in 1815 and immediately shifts: \"Although these details in no way essentially concern that which we have to tell...\" Only after 14 chapters does Hugo pick up the opening thread again, \" In the early days of the month of October, 1815...\", to introduce Jean Valjean."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Towards the end of the novel, Hugo explains the work's overarching structure: The book which the reader has before him at this moment is, from one end to the other, in its entirety and details ... a progress from evil to good, from injustice to justice, from falsehood to truth, from night to day, from appetite to conscience, from corruption to life; from bestiality to duty, from hell to heaven, from nothingness to God."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel as a whole is one of the longest ever written, with 655,478 words in the original French."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Upton Sinclair described the novel as \"one of the half-dozen greatest novels of the world\", and remarked that Hugo set forth the purpose of Les Misérables in the Preface: So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation, which, in the face of civilization, artificially creates hells on earth, and complicates a destiny that is divine with human fatality; so long as the three problems of the age—the degradation of man by poverty, the ruin of women by starvation, and the dwarfing of childhood by physical and spiritual night—are not solved; so long as, in certain regions, social asphyxia shall be possible; in other words, and from a yet more extended point of view, so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, books like this cannot be useless."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Wherever men go in ignorance or despair, wherever women sell themselves for bread, wherever children lack a book to learn from or a warm hearth, Les Misérables knocks at the door and says: \"open up, I am here for you\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Hugo explained his ambitions for the novel to his Italian publisher: I don't know whether it will be read by everyone, but it is meant for everyone."
}
] |
The novel contains a total of 50 books and 380 chapters.
| 3 | 5 |
Les Misérables
|
Literature
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "Upon its release, the poem was criticized for being obscure and difficult to read."
}
] |
Jfecik9vG08CzDFUFPGm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "Upon its release, the poem was criticized for being obscure and difficult to read."
},
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "Criticism was renewed again in 1815–16, when Coleridge added marginal notes to the poem that were also written in an archaic style."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "The discussion had turned to a book that Wordsworth was reading, A Voyage Round The World by Way of the Great South Sea (1726) by Captain George Shelvocke."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "Critics have also suggested that the poem may have been inspired by the voyage of Thomas James into the Arctic."
},
{
"section_header": "Coleridge's comments",
"text": "And real in this sense they have been to every human being who, from whatever source of delusion, has at any time believed himself under supernatural agency."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In addition to being referred to in several other notable works, due to the popularity of the poem the phrase \"albatross around one's neck\" has become an English-language idiom referring to \"a heavy burden of guilt that becomes an obstacle to success\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The poem received mixed reviews from critics, and Coleridge was once told by the publisher that most of the book's sales were to sailors who thought it was a naval songbook."
},
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "The entire poem was first published in the collection of Lyrical Ballads."
},
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "Another version of the poem was published in the 1817 collection entitled Sibylline Leaves (see 1817 in poetry)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "These notes or glosses, placed next to the text of the poem, ostensibly interpret the verses much like marginal notes found in the Bible."
}
] |
The poem was criticized for being obsecure and difficult to read when it was released.
| 2 | 10 |
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
|
Popular Culture
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963."
}
] |
Jg8FaztSOEAsI8tDmhG8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and other appearances | Aftershows",
"text": "Doctor Who: The Fan Show, which began airing from the tenth series."
},
{
"section_header": "Viewership | International | Americas",
"text": "CBC began showing the series again in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In 2013, TV Guide ranked it as the number 6 sci-fi show."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In Channel 4‘s 2001 list of the 100 Greatest Kids' TV shows, Doctor Who was placed at number nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "In 2004 and 2007, Doctor Who was ranked number 18 and number 22 on TV Guide's Top Cult Shows Ever."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Doctor Who first appeared on BBC TV at 17:16:20 GMT on Saturday, 23 November 1963; this was eighty seconds later than the scheduled programme time, because of the assassination of John F. Kennedy the previous day."
},
{
"section_header": "Viewership | Home media",
"text": "Only the series from 2005 onwards are also available on Blu-ray, except for the 1970 story Spearhead from Space, released in July 2013 and the 1996 TV film Doctor Who released in September 2016.Over 600 episodes of the classic series (the first 8 Doctors, from 1963 to 1996) are available to stream on BritBox (launched in 2017) and Pluto TV."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Public consciousness",
"text": "A 2012 article placed this childhood juxtaposition of fear and thrill \"at the center of many people's relationship with the show\", and a 2011 online vote at Digital Spy deemed the series the \"scariest TV show of all time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Companions",
"text": "Who since the programme's inception in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and other appearances | Audios",
"text": "Tom Baker's Fourth Doctor began appearing for Big Finish in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963."
}
] |
The Doctor Who tv show began in 1963.
| 1 | 8 |
Doctor Who
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom."
}
] |
JgTvpfg9QFFLsTzFVKqu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On 31 May 2009, celebrations were held to mark the tower's 150th anniversary."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "Big Ben is a focal point of New Year celebrations in the United Kingdom, with radio and television stations airing its chimes to welcome the start of the New Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells | Great Bell",
"text": "Big Ben was the largest bell in the British Isles until \"Great Paul\", a 163/4 ton (17 tonne) bell currently hung in St Paul's Cathedral, was cast in 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells | Great Bell",
"text": "It is thought that the bell was originally to be called Victoria or Royal Victoria in honour of Queen Victoria, but that an MP suggested the bell's current nickname of \"Big Ben\" during a Parliamentary debate; the comment is not recorded in Hansard."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "The chimes of Big Ben have also been used at the state funerals of monarchs on three occasions: firstly, at the funeral of King Edward VII in 1910, when Big Ben chimed 68 times, one stroke for each year of the monarch's life; secondly, at the funeral of King George V in 1936 (70 strokes); and finally, at the funeral of King George VI in 1952 (56 strokes).Londoners who live an appropriate distance from the tower and Big Ben can, by means of listening to the chimes both live and on analogue radio, hear the bell strike thirteen times."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells | Great Bell",
"text": "To make the repair, a square piece of metal was chipped out from the rim around the crack, and the bell given an eighth of a turn so the new hammer struck in a different place."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "The Big Ben chimes (known within ITN as \"The Bongs\") continue to be used during the headlines and all ITV News bulletins use a graphic based on the Westminster clock dial."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "The change was marked by a naming ceremony in which the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, unveiled a name plaque attached to the tower on the adjoining Speaker's Green."
},
{
"section_header": "Nickname",
"text": "The origin of the nickname Big Ben is the subject of some debate."
}
] |
Big Ben was given a new name to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the rule of current monarch.
| 0 | 0 |
Big Ben
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Born in Atlanta, Terry made his professional baseball debut in 1915 at the age of 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He began his career as a pitcher, playing for two separate minor league teams, the Newnan Cowetas of the Georgia–Alabama League and the Dothan club of the FLAG League."
}
] |
JggWzU1ncNT8RwsdDjgw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He was now playing in double-A, the highest minor league level at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He began his career as a pitcher, playing for two separate minor league teams, the Newnan Cowetas of the Georgia–Alabama League and the Dothan club of the FLAG League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Born in Atlanta, Terry made his professional baseball debut in 1915 at the age of 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "After starting 1916 with Newnan, by the end of the year he had moved up to the class-B Shreveport Gassers of the Texas League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Starting out in the majors",
"text": "Terry got his first major league hit in that game, going 1-for-3 and scoring his first major league run."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Starting out in the majors",
"text": "Terry made his major league debut with the Giants on September 24, 1923 in a game against the Cincinnati Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "In 109 games with Toledo that year, Terry batted .377 with 15 home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Into and out of the starting lineup",
"text": "Kelly was moved from first base to second, and Terry was installed as the starting first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Starting out in the majors",
"text": "Terry did not play again until September 30, when he made his first appearance in the starting lineup against the Boston Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "After spending several years playing semi-professionally, Terry was picked up by the Toledo Mud Hens of the American Association in 1922."
}
] |
Terry was 16 years old and started playing minor league.
| 4 | 10 |
Bill Terry
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bernstein had asthma, which kept him from serving in the military during World War II."
}
] |
Jgkgq3YfWXLc9W2O4onr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Leonard Bernstein Letters'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through dozens of national and international broadcasts, including the Emmy Award-winning Young People's Concerts with the New York Philharmonic, he made even the most rigorous elements of classical music an adventure in which everyone could join."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Bernstein, Leonard (1993) [1982]."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and characteristics as a composer | Anecdotes",
"text": "\" How was I to know he would grow up to be Leonard Bernstein?"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Felicia writes: \"you are a homosexual and may never change—you don't admit to the possibility of a double life, but if your peace of mind, your health, your whole nervous system depend on a certain sexual pattern what can you do?\" Arthur Laurents (Bernstein's collaborator in West Side Story) said that Bernstein was \"a gay man who got married."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Founding of Pacific Music Festival",
"text": "The Leonard Bernstein Center was established in April 1992, and initiated extensive school-based research, resulting in the Bernstein Model, the Leonard Bernstein Artful Learning Program."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He legally changed his name to Leonard when he was fifteen, shortly after his grandmother's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early 1950s | Brandeis University",
"text": "The festival was renamed after him in 2005, becoming the Leonard Bernstein Festival of the Creative Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His grandmother insisted that his first name be Louis, but his parents always called him Leonard, which they preferred."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In a book released in October 2013, The Leonard Bernstein Letters, his wife acknowledges his homosexuality."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bernstein had asthma, which kept him from serving in the military during World War II."
}
] |
Leonard Burnstein had a health condition that prevented him from joining the army in WWII.
| 1 | 7 |
Leonard Bernstein
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō) was the first Emperor of Japan according to legend."
}
] |
JgnreVpmSlglU4rJWubP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Consorts and children",
"text": "Kotoshironushi's daughter Prince Hikoyai (日子八井命) Second son: Prince Kamuyaimimi (神八井耳命, d.577 BC) Third son: Prince Kamununakawamimi (神渟名川耳尊), later Emperor Suizei"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō) was the first Emperor of Japan according to legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "Some media incorrectly attributed the phrase to Emperor Jimmu."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "The last of these, Kamu-yamato Iware-biko no mikoto, became Emperor Jimmu."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "The sites at which these monuments were erected are known as Emperor Jimmu Sacred Historical Sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "A mosquito then tried to steal Jimmu's royal blood but since Jimmu was a god incarnate Emperor, akitsumikami (現御神), a dragonfly killed the mosquito."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "Before and during World War II, expansionist propaganda made frequent use of the phrase hakkō ichiu, a term coined by Tanaka Chigaku based on a passage in the Nihon Shoki discussing Emperor Jimmu."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "After World War II, the holiday was criticized as too closely associated with the \"emperor system."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "According to the legendary account in the Kojiki, Emperor Jimmu was born on February 13, 711 BC (the first day of the first month of the Chinese calendar), and died, again according to legend, on April 9, 585 BC (the eleventh day of the third month)."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "In the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), the eighth-century scholar Ōmi no Mifune designated rulers before Ōjin as tennō (天皇, \"heavenly sovereign\"), a Japanese pendant to the Chinese imperial title Tiān-dì (天帝), and gave several of them including Jimmu their canonical names."
}
] |
Emperor Jimmu was the second Prime Minister of China and the President of Thailand.
| 2 | 5 |
Emperor Jimmu
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1910, it was reported that Young was a vegetarian."
}
] |
JhkkCGpByKwUqxHKFA69
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1910, it was reported that Young was a vegetarian."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cleveland Naps and retirement",
"text": "The following season, 1910, he won his 500th career game on July 19 against Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Reporters later shortened the name to \"Cy\", which became the nickname Young used for the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "Young set major league records for the most consecutive scoreless innings pitched and the most consecutive innings without allowing a hit; the latter record still stands at 25.1 innings, or 76 hitless batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "Young pitched 13 consecutive scoreless innings before he gave up a pair of unearned runs in the final inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "The Pirates scored four runs in that first inning, and Young lost the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "\" In 1907, Young and Waddell faced off in a scoreless 13-inning tie."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "Even after allowing a hit, Young's scoreless streak reached a then-record 45 shutout innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He holds MLB records for the most career wins, with 511, along with most career innings pitched, games started, and complete games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cleveland Spiders",
"text": "In 1896, Young lost a no-hitter with two outs in the ninth inning when Ed Delahanty of the Philadelphia Phillies hit a single."
}
] |
In 1910, it was reported that he was a vegetarian.
| 2 | 5 |
Cy Young
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "Prior to colonial rule, the Philippines had a wide array of ethnic dances from different tribal groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "This was due mainly to the fact that Philippines is an archipelago thus the different varieties of dance developed."
}
] |
JhtVvxXB0INk2Lyxher0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "The end displays the paired bamboo poles crossing each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "Cariñosa is a Hispanic Filipino dance, unofficially considered as the \"National Dance of the Philippines\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "Just like the evolution of Philippine music, dance as well has been in constant change."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "This was due mainly to the fact that Philippines is an archipelago thus the different varieties of dance developed."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "Prior to colonial rule, the Philippines had a wide array of ethnic dances from different tribal groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The Philippines exhibits aspects found in other Asian countries with a Malay heritage, yet its culture also displays a significant number of Spanish and American influences."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "Mindanao represents more of an array of Muslim inspired dances and Spanish influence was limited to the region of Zamboanga."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "It is a courtship dance which involves a woman holding a fan or a handkerchief, where it plays an instrumental role as it places the couple in romance scenario."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Dance",
"text": "In the Modern and Post-Modern time periods, dances may vary from the delicate ballet up to the more street-oriented styles of breakdancing."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The Bayanihan Philippine National Folk Dance Company has been lauded for preserving many of the various traditional folk dances found throughout the Philippines."
}
] |
The dance of the Philippines displays the cultural mix of the people.
| 0 | 0 |
Philippines
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "Poe describes it as causing \"sharp pains, and sudden dizziness, and then profuse bleeding at the pores\" leading to death within half an hour."
}
] |
JiPuPZb4EXY0yk4tGX4T
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "The disease called the Red Death is fictitious."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "The disease may have been inspired by tuberculosis (or consumption, as it was known then), since Poe's wife Virginia was suffering from the disease at the time the story was written."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Like many of Poe's tales, \"The Masque of the Red Death\" has been interpreted autobiographically, by some."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "It has also been suggested that the Red Death is not a disease or sickness at all but a weakness (like original sin) that is shared by all of humankind inherently.:139–140"
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "Poe describes it as causing \"sharp pains, and sudden dizziness, and then profuse bleeding at the pores\" leading to death within half an hour."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the midst of their revelry, a mysterious figure disguised as a Red Death victim enters and makes his way through each of the rooms."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "However, there is much dispute over how to interpret \"The Masque of the Red Death\"; some suggest it is not allegorical, especially due to Poe's admission of a distaste for didacticism in literature.:134"
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | The \"Red Death\"",
"text": "Like the character Prince Prospero, Poe tried to ignore the terminal nature of the disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics adaptations",
"text": "In 2008, Sterling Press published \"The Masque of The Red Death\" in Nevermore (Illustrated Classics): A Graphic Adaptation of Edgar Allan Poe's Short Stories."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Masque of the Red Death in popular culture"
}
] |
The disease described in Poe's The Masque of the Red Death killed its victim in about thirty minutes.
| 0 | 0 |
The Masque of the Red Death
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cityscape",
"text": "He based his design on plans of cities such as Paris, Amsterdam, Karlsruhe, and Milan that Thomas Jefferson had sent to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape",
"text": "In 1791, President Washington commissioned Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant, a French-born architect and city planner, to design the new capital."
}
] |
JiQr4Shz1IU3DNXLw4u9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Sister cities",
"text": "Paris and Rome are each formally recognized as a partner city due to their special one sister city policy."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape",
"text": "In 1791, President Washington commissioned Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant, a French-born architect and city planner, to design the new capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape",
"text": "Washington, D.C. is a planned city."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape",
"text": "He based his design on plans of cities such as Paris, Amsterdam, Karlsruhe, and Milan that Thomas Jefferson had sent to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "The city also operates its own DC Circulator bus system, which connects commercial areas within central Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foundation",
"text": "On September 9, 1791, the three commissioners overseeing the capital's construction named the city in honor of President Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Washington is one of 13 cities in the United States with teams from all four major professional men's sports and is home to one major professional women's team."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape",
"text": "He enlisted Scottish surveyor Alexander Ralston to help lay out the city plan."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Crime",
"text": "In addition to the District's own Metropolitan Police Department, many federal law enforcement agencies have jurisdiction in the city as well—most visibly the U.S. Park Police, founded in 1791."
}
] |
In 1791, the Canadian architect plan to redesign Washington, D.C was inspired on cities such as Rome or Berlin.
| 2 | 4 |
Washington, D.C.
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had a 10-season career in the National League (NL), which consisted of one season with the Indianapolis Hoosiers in 1889, eight with the New York Giants from 1890 to 1898, and one with the Cincinnati Reds in 1901."
}
] |
JiWFqHp0mU0y0fikEoDy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "Rusie refused to play until Freedman returned his money and ended up holding out for the entire 1896 season."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "Rusie completed the season with 67 games pitched, 62 games started, 56 complete games, four shutouts, 548.2 innings pitched,"
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "The Giants finished in sixth place among the eight NL teams, while Rusie won 29 games and had a league-leading 34 losses."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "Three days later, on May 12, Rusie was on the winning side of a pitching duel with future Hall of Famer Kid Nichols, in a game that ended with a home run by the Giants' Mike Tiernan in the 13th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "While the upgraded Giants improved their final standings by finishing in third place among eight teams in the NL, and had a four-game lead over the Chicago Colts on June 16 when Rusie held them scoreless, and were 2.5 games behind the Colts on September 19, they were 13 games back at the close of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although his fastball was difficult to hit, he did not have good control of it, walking 116 batters in 225 innings pitched, although he struck out 109 and led the league with 11 games finished (as a relief pitcher)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had a 10-season career in the National League (NL), which consisted of one season with the Indianapolis Hoosiers in 1889, eight with the New York Giants from 1890 to 1898, and one with the Cincinnati Reds in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "However, he was signed shortly thereafter by the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the NL, and made his major league debut on May 9 in a 13-2 loss to the Cleveland Blues, pitching in relief of starting pitcher Jim Whitney."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "The home run was described as a \"tape measure\" hit, sailing over the outfield fence and landing in an adjacent baseball field, Brotherhood Park, where a PL game was being played at the same time, causing fans of both parks to cheer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "It was during this time, when he was playing for a semi-professional Indianapolis baseball team named the \"Sturm Avenue Never Sweats\", that scouts first took notice of the speed with which he threw a baseball, and his effectiveness as a pitcher when he shutout touring National League baseball teams, the Boston Beaneaters and the Washington Senators."
}
] |
Rusie played for 9-seasons in the NL.
| 0 | 4 |
Amos Rusie
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Modern classification",
"text": "Core angiosperms (Mesangiospermae)Chloranthales, 77 known species of aromatic plants with toothed leaves; Magnoliids, about 9,000 species, characterized by trimerous flowers, pollen with one pore, and usually branching-veined leaves—for example magnolias, bay laurel, and black pepper; Monocots, about 70,000 species, characterized by trimerous flowers, a single cotyledon, pollen with one pore, and usually parallel-veined leaves—for example grasses, orchids, and palms; Ceratophyllum, about 6 species of aquatic plants, perhaps most familiar as aquarium plants; Eudicots, about 175,000 species, characterized by 4- or 5-merous flowers, pollen with three pores, and usually branching-veined leaves—for example sunflowers, petunia, buttercup, apples, and oaks."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Modern classification",
"text": "There are eight groups of living angiosperms: Basal angiosperms (ANA: Amborella, Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales) Amborella, a single species of shrub from New Caledonia; Nymphaeales, about 80 species, water lilies and Hydatellaceae; Austrobaileyales, about 100 species of woody plants from various parts of the world"
}
] |
JiXkUzM2JPt7sXHXoQv3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Cretaceous",
"text": "The orders Amborellales, Nymphaeales, and Austrobaileyales diverged as separate lineages from the remaining angiosperm clade at a very early stage in flowering plant evolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Meiosis",
"text": "Flowering plants generate gametes using a specialized cell division called meiosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproductive anatomy",
"text": "While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Modern classification",
"text": "There are eight groups of living angiosperms: Basal angiosperms (ANA: Amborella, Nymphaeales, Austrobaileyales) Amborella, a single species of shrub from New Caledonia; Nymphaeales, about 80 species, water lilies and Hydatellaceae; Austrobaileyales, about 100 species of woody plants from various parts of the world"
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | History of classification",
"text": "These names derive from the observation that the dicots most often have two cotyledons, or embryonic leaves, within each seed."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | History of classification",
"text": "The APG system of 1998, and the later 2003 and 2009 revisions, treat the flowering plants as a clade called angiosperms without a formal botanical name."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Cretaceous",
"text": "Some of them tended to grow with human crops, perhaps already having symbiotic companion plant relationships with them, and the prettiest did not get plucked because of their beauty, developing a dependence upon and special adaptation to human affection."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproductive anatomy",
"text": "More typically, the flower-bearing portion of the plant is sharply distinguished from the foliage-bearing or vegetative portion, and forms a more or less elaborate branch-system called an inflorescence."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproductive anatomy",
"text": "Homomorphic flowers may employ a biochemical (physiological) mechanism called self-incompatibility to discriminate between self and non-self pollen grains."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | History of classification",
"text": "Traditionally, the flowering plants are divided into two groups, Dicotyledoneae or Magnoliopsida Monocotyledoneae or Liliopsidawhich in the Cronquist system are called Magnoliopsida (at the rank of class, formed from the family name Magnoliaceae) and Liliopsida (at the rank of class, formed from the family name Liliaceae)."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Modern classification",
"text": "Core angiosperms (Mesangiospermae)Chloranthales, 77 known species of aromatic plants with toothed leaves; Magnoliids, about 9,000 species, characterized by trimerous flowers, pollen with one pore, and usually branching-veined leaves—for example magnolias, bay laurel, and black pepper; Monocots, about 70,000 species, characterized by trimerous flowers, a single cotyledon, pollen with one pore, and usually parallel-veined leaves—for example grasses, orchids, and palms; Ceratophyllum, about 6 species of aquatic plants, perhaps most familiar as aquarium plants; Eudicots, about 175,000 species, characterized by 4- or 5-merous flowers, pollen with three pores, and usually branching-veined leaves—for example sunflowers, petunia, buttercup, apples, and oaks."
}
] |
Flowering plants that are fragrant and have saw-like edges to their leaves are called Austrobaileyales.
| 0 | 0 |
Flowering plant
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "After a short run the theatre was invaded by the Irish police and director Alan Simpson was arrested for producing \"a lewd entertainment\" for miming dropping a condom onto the floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Williams' script calls for a condom to fall out of a pocket during the show but the Pike staging mimed the act, knowing it would cause conflict."
}
] |
Jib04QPiOCUejyBL2Fak
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams in 1949 and 1950; after its Chicago premiere on December 29, 1950, he made further revisions to the play for its Broadway premiere on February 2, 1951, and its publication by New Directions the following month."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Williams' script calls for a condom to fall out of a pocket during the show but the Pike staging mimed the act, knowing it would cause conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The play was revived in 1966, again starring Maureen Stapleton, with Maria Tucci replacing Phyllis Love in the role of Rose Delle Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo tells the story of an Italian-American widow in Mississippi who has withdrawn from the world after her husband's death and expects her daughter to do the same."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "The presiding judge, Justice O'Flynn, ruled: \"I can only infer that by arresting the accused, the object would be achieved of closing down the play.\" One of the results of this case was that any charges brought against theatre would have to be proved before the show could be forced to close."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "An intellectual revolt against the closing of The Rose Tattoo came from not only Ireland but from the continent, led by playwrights Samuel Beckett, Seán O'Casey, and Brendan Behan."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "On May 12, 1957, the Pike Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, staged The Rose Tattoo with Anna Manahan as the lead and the Irish scenic artist Reginald Gray as the set designer."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "It was produced by Cheryl Crawford, written by Tennessee Williams; incidental music by David Diamond, staged by Daniel Mann, scenic design by Boris Aronson, costume designed by Rose Bogadnoff, lighting designed by Charles Elson, general manager John Yorke, stage manager Ralph De Launey, conductor and harpist Nettie Druzinsky, musicians: Michael Danzi, Jack Linx and Frank Kutak, production associate Bea Lawrene, and press representative Wolfe Kauffman."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "After a short run the theatre was invaded by the Irish police and director Alan Simpson was arrested for producing \"a lewd entertainment\" for miming dropping a condom onto the floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The play was recreated for a July 5, 1953, hour-long radio adaptation on the program Best Plays."
}
] |
The play by Tennessee Williams The Rose Tattoo was considered lewd for depicting people dry humping and the cops stopped the show.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rose Tattoo
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was close to her father, but had a difficult relationship with her mother, tension that began when she was young."
}
] |
Jin871wNXbVbw5F4Jwq1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "Through her work with X-ray-mutagenized maize, she identified ring chromosomes, which form when the ends of a single chromosome fuse together after radiation damage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She discovered her love of science and reaffirmed her solitary personality during high school."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The scientists depicted were Barbara McClintock, John von Neumann, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Richard Feynman."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "historian Nathaniel C. Comfort's The Tangled Field: Barbara McClintock's Search for the Patterns of Genetic Control."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother resisted sending McClintock to college, for fear that she would be unmarriageable, something that was common at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was recognized as among the best in the field, awarded prestigious fellowships, and elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The McClintock family moved to Brooklyn in 1908 and McClintock completed her secondary education there at Erasmus Hall High School"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was close to her father, but had a difficult relationship with her mother, tension that began when she was young."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock was a scientist who helped single moms get grants to go to school in science fields since she was raised by a single mother who she admired.
| 2 | 2 |
Barbara McClintock
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He described his parents as \"indios de la raza primitiva del país,\" that is, \"Indians of the original race of the country.\" He worked in the cornfields and as a shepherd until the age of 12."
}
] |
JioXOMTDpSAgT7QDaB64
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Statue of Benito Juárez (San Diego) Statue of Benito Juarez in New OrleansFilm and media"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Benito Juarez Marg (marg means road in Sanskrit/Hindi) is a major road in South Delhi, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Juarez is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of Mexican snake, Geophis juarezi."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Juarez is a 1939 American historical drama film directed by William Dieterle, and starring Paul Muni as Juárez."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his death, the city and state of Oaxaca added \"de Juarez\" to their formal names in his honor, and numerous other places and institutions were named for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "The Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was named after Juárez."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "The Benito Juárez Partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, and the city of Benito Juárez, Buenos Aires are both named after Juárez, as a gesture of friendship between Argentina and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Living room, dining room, study and bedroom of don Benito Juárez"
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "Their only surviving son was Benito Luis Narciso Juárez Maza, b. 29 October 1852."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "Monuments and statuary Benito Juárez is notable for the number of statues and monuments in his honor outside of Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He described his parents as \"indios de la raza primitiva del país,\" that is, \"Indians of the original race of the country.\" He worked in the cornfields and as a shepherd until the age of 12."
}
] |
As a child, Benito Juarez harvested corn.
| 0 | 0 |
Benito Juarez
|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film and other media",
"text": "The 1978 TV movie A Love Affair: The Eleanor and Lou Gehrig Story starred Blythe Danner and Edward Herrmann as Eleanor and Lou Gehrig."
}
] |
JjmmgPA8oH3x2WkRZ1q3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film and other media",
"text": "The 1978 TV movie A Love Affair: The Eleanor and Lou Gehrig Story starred Blythe Danner and Edward Herrmann as Eleanor and Lou Gehrig."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and other media",
"text": "Gehrig starred in the 1938 20th Century Fox movie Rawhide, playing himself in his only feature-film appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | \"The luckiest man on the face of the earth\"",
"text": "\"I Love You Truly\" and the crowd chanted, \"We love you, Lou\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "Murphy said, \"Nice play, Lou.\" Lou's reply was very dismissive."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "With his team leading 8–6 in the top of the ninth inning, Gehrig hit a grand slam completely out of the major league park, which was an unheard-of feat for a 17-year-old."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1936",
"text": "Gehrig only got as far, though, as posing for a widely distributed, and embarrassing, photo of himself in a leopard-spotted costume."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "However, Joe McCarthy found himself resisting pressure from Yankee management to switch Gehrig to a part-time role."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "Gehrig, as Yankee captain, himself took the lineup card out to the shocked umpires before the game, ending the 14-year streak."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 1936",
"text": "Also in 1936, at the urging of his wife, Gehrig agreed to hire Babe Ruth's agent, who, in turn, persuaded him to audition for the role of Tarzan, the Ape Man, after Johnny Weissmuller had vacated the iconic movie role."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "The pitcher, Johnny Murphy, had to wait for him to drag himself over to the bag so he could field the throw."
}
] |
Lou Gehrig played himself in the 1978 movie A Love Affair.
| 2 | 9 |
Lou Gehrig
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ramayana (; Sanskrit: रामायणम्, Rāmāyaṇam [ɽaːˈmaːjɐɳɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Mahābhārata."
}
] |
JkK4ZGe8boCsX5SEUbgf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Versions | Nepal",
"text": "The popularization of the Ramayana and its tale, originally written in Sanskrit Language was greatly enhanced by the work of Bhanubhakta."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ramayana (; Sanskrit: रामायणम्, Rāmāyaṇam [ɽaːˈmaːjɐɳɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Mahābhārata."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ramayana was an important influence on later Sanskrit poetry and Hindu life and culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Ikshvaku Dynasty",
"text": "Rama is the main character of the tale."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions | Southeast Asian | Indonesia",
"text": "The first half of Kakawin Ramayana is similar to the original Sanskrit version, while the latter half is very different."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Foes Of Ram",
"text": "Subahu (Sanskrit: सुबाहु Subāhu, Tamil: சுபாகு Cupāku, Kannada: ಸುಬಾಹು, Thai: Sawahu), is a rakshasa character in the Ramayana."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Bala Kanda",
"text": "The child was named Sita, the Sanskrit word for furrow."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There are also Cambodian, Indonesian, Filipino, Thai, Lao, Burmese and Malaysian versions of the tale."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Multiple modern, English-language adaptations of the epic exist, namely Rama Chandra Series by Amish Tripathi, Ramayana Series by Ashok Banker and a mythopoetic novel, Asura: Tale of the Vanquished by Anand Neelakantan."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions | Southeast Asian | Myanmar",
"text": "The Burmese name for the story itself is Yamayana, while zatdaw refers to the acted play or being part of the jataka tales of Theravada Buddhism."
}
] |
Ramayana is a Sanskrit tale from China.
| 0 | 0 |
Ramayana
|
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