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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Vespucci's historical importance may rest more with his letters (whether or not he wrote them all) than his discoveries."
}
] |
Kjyw3Zz7CNKHUujYVYop
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci (, Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence (modern Italy), from whose name the terms America and Americas are derived."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "The Soderini Letter gave Vespucci credit for discovery of this new continent and implied that the Portuguese map was based on his explorations."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "It was written in Italian and published in Florence around 1505."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although historians still dispute the authorship and veracity of these accounts, at the time they were instrumental in raising awareness of the new discoveries and enhancing the reputation of Vespucci as an explorer and navigator."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Family and education",
"text": "Amerigo's grandfather, also named Amerigo Vespucci, served a total of 36 years as the chancellor of the Florentine government, known as the \"Signoria\"; and Nastagio also served in the \"Signoria\" and in other guild offices."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "\" The debate has become known among historians as the \"Vespucci question."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "But that this their opinion is false and utterly opposed to the truth... my last voyage has made manifest; for in those southern parts I have found a continent more densely peopled and abounding in animals than our Europe Asia or Africa, and, in addition, a climate milder and more delightful than in any other region known to us, as you shall learn in the following account."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Within a year of publication, twelve editions were printed including translations into Italian, French, German, Dutch and other languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Nevertheless, this document was the original inspiration for naming the American continent in honour of Amerigo Vespucci."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "It is more sensational in tone than the other letters and the only one to assert that Vespucci made four voyages of exploration."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Vespucci's historical importance may rest more with his letters (whether or not he wrote them all) than his discoveries."
}
] |
Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer who is known for his discovery of the Horn of Africa.
| 0 | 0 |
Amerigo Vespucci
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Who are an English rock band formed in London in 1964."
}
] |
Kk70o8oNcfaMia0kdp1y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1964–1978 | Early career",
"text": "Sandom left in disgust, but was persuaded to lend his kit to any potential stand-ins or replacements."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1964–1978 | Who Are You and Moon's death",
"text": "\"Recording of Who Are You started in January 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "In 1959 he started the Detours, the band that was to evolve into the Who."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Who are an English rock band formed in London in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1964–1978 | Tommy, Woodstock and Live at Leeds",
"text": "By 1968 the Who had started to attract attention in the underground press."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and equipment | Drums",
"text": "Moon used Premier kits starting in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reunions",
"text": "In July 1985, the Who performed at Live Aid at Wembley Stadium, London."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1964–1978 | A Quick One and The Who Sell Out",
"text": "The group started 1968 by touring Australia and New Zealand with the Small Faces."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1964–1978 | Quadrophenia, Tommy film and The Who by Numbers",
"text": "There was no group activity until May 1972, when they started working on a proposed new album,"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1964–1978 | First singles and My Generation",
"text": "The Who were not close friends either, apart from Moon and Entwistle, who enjoyed visiting nightclubs together in the West End of London."
}
] |
The Who started in London.
| 0 | 0 |
The Who
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Seattle is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington."
}
] |
KkZ5rZM3TKjoA32TnF5G
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Topography",
"text": "It incorporates four natural bodies of water: Lake Union, Salmon Bay, Portage Bay, and Union Bay."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Federally, Seattle is split between two congressional districts."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war years: aircraft and software",
"text": "The Seattle area is still home to Boeing's Renton narrow-body plant (where the 707, 720, 727, and 757 were assembled, and the 737 is assembled today) and Everett wide-body plant (assembly plant for the 747, 767, 777, and 787)."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "Sound Transit provides an express bus service within the metropolitan area, two Sounder commuter rail lines between the suburbs and downtown, and its Central Link light rail line between the University of Washington and Angle Lake."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing arts",
"text": "Between 1918 and 1951, there were nearly two dozen jazz nightclubs along Jackson Street, running from the current Chinatown/International District to the Central District."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Topography",
"text": "The break in the ridge between First Hill and Beacon Hill is man-made, the result of two of the many regrading projects that reshaped the topography of the city center."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Utilities",
"text": "Water and electric power are municipal services, provided by Seattle Public Utilities and Seattle City Light respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Topography",
"text": "Lake Washington's waters flow to Puget Sound through the Lake Washington Ship Canal (consisting of two man-made canals, Lake Union, and the Hiram M. Chittenden Locks at Salmon Bay, ending in Shilshole Bay on Puget Sound)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Since the region's water comes from mountain snow packs during the dry summer months, El Niño winters can not only produce substandard skiing but can result in water rationing and a shortage of hydroelectric power the following summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Seattle is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington."
}
] |
Seattle is between two bodies of water.
| 3 | 4 |
Seattle
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Boston Red Sox",
"text": "The Red Sox had been the dregs of the American League for more than a decade following the infamous Babe Ruth sale to the New York Yankees by former owner Harry Frazee before the 1920 season, and had just finished the 1932 season with a record of 43–111 (.279)—still"
}
] |
Kl0O0iwZvv0wIPUyD0ye
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His son, Bill Yawkey, eventually completed the purchase, though the younger Yawkey had little interest in the team and allowed team executive Frank Navin to control day-to-day operations and eventually purchase part of the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In addition to these interests, William Clyman Yawkey had agreed in principle to buy the Detroit Tigers baseball team in 1903, but he died before the deal closed."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He originally purchased the land for use as a hunting and fishing retreat, and often allowed access to Red Sox players, including Ted Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston Red Sox",
"text": "Yawkey devoted his time and finances for the rest of his life to attempting to build winning teams, with The Boston Globe citing Yawkey's estimation in 1974 that he lost $10 million on the team during his tenure owning the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston Red Sox",
"text": "The Red Sox had been the dregs of the American League for more than a decade following the infamous Babe Ruth sale to the New York Yankees by former owner Harry Frazee before the 1920 season, and had just finished the 1932 season with a record of 43–111 (.279)—still"
},
{
"section_header": "Boston Red Sox",
"text": "Yawkey directed Collins to buy up as much talent as possible to turn the team around."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston Red Sox | Criticism and controversies",
"text": "The resistance to signing black players by the Red Sox, who were the last major league team to integrate, has led to assertions of Yawkey being racist."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston Red Sox | Criticism and controversies",
"text": "The Red Sox had multiple black players in their farm system during the 1950s, with the team failing to promote them despite the successes other teams realized after integrating black players."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Detroit, Yawkey became president of the Boston Red Sox in 1933 and was the sole owner of the team for 44 seasons, longer than anyone else in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston Red Sox | Criticism and controversies",
"text": "After John W. Henry and his partners bought the team in 2002, they took on all aspects of the Boston Red Sox, which included this lawsuit."
}
] |
Before Yawkey purchased the team, the Red Sox had historically played very poorly.
| 1 | 4 |
Tom Yawkey
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "The first play in the trilogy, called Phineus, presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of King Phineus from the torture that the monstrous harpies inflicted at the behest of Zeus."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "The subject of the third play, Glaucus, was either a mythical Corinthian king who was devoured by his horses because he angered the goddess Aphrodite (see Glaucus (son of Sisyphus)) or else a Boeotian farmer who ate a magical herb that transformed him into a sea deity with the gift of prophecy (see Glaucus).In"
}
] |
KlK6YuYv0CBCTu5ASEDY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilogy that won the first prize at the dramatic competitions in Athens' City Dionysia festival in 472 BC, with Pericles serving as choregos."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "The celebratory school argues that the play is part of a xenophobic culture that would find it difficult to sympathize with its hated barbarian enemy during a time of war."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "A 2010 translation by Aaron Poochigian included for the first time the detailed notes for choral odes that Aeschylus himself created, which directed lines to be spoken by specific parts of the chorus (strophe and antistrophe)."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "The play was a production of the Hellenic National Theatre and was directed by Dimitrios Lignadis as part of the Epidaurus Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "Neither of Phrynichus' plays have survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "Using Poochigian's edition, which includes theatrical notes and stage directions, \"Persians\" was presented in a staged read-through as part of New York's WorkShop Theater Company's Spring 2011 one-act festival \" They That Have Borne the Battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "The second, Phoenician Women (written in 476 BCE, four years before Aeschylus' version), treated the same historical event as Aeschylus' Persians."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Persians takes place in Susa, which at the time was one of the capitals of the Persian Empire, and opens with a chorus of old men of Susa, who are soon joined by the Queen Mother, Atossa, as they await news of her son King Xerxes' expedition against the Greeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Persians (Ancient Greek: Πέρσαι, Persai, Latinised as Persae) is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "Given Aeschylus' propensity for writing connected trilogies, the theme of divine retribution may connect the three."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "The first play in the trilogy, called Phineus, presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of King Phineus from the torture that the monstrous harpies inflicted at the behest of Zeus."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "The subject of the third play, Glaucus, was either a mythical Corinthian king who was devoured by his horses because he angered the goddess Aphrodite (see Glaucus (son of Sisyphus)) or else a Boeotian farmer who ate a magical herb that transformed him into a sea deity with the gift of prophecy (see Glaucus).In"
}
] |
The Persians is the second part of a trilogy of tragedies that has been lost to time and is the only surviving part.
| 2 | 2 |
The Persians
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Spanish: Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja [roˈðɾiɣo lanˈθol i ðe ˈβoɾxa]; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death in 1503."
}
] |
KltLHU79DnXkWmn93M8o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "As for his true faults, known only to his confessor, Pope Alexander VI apparently died genuinely repentant."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1492, Rodrigo was elected Pope, taking the name Alexander VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust."
},
{
"section_header": "Last years",
"text": "When Alexander VI heard the news, he lured Cardinal Orsini to the Vatican and cast him into a dungeon, where he died."
},
{
"section_header": "French in retreat",
"text": "Virginio Orsini, who had been captured by the Spanish, died a prisoner at Naples, and the Pope confiscated his property."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "Spanish author Javier Sierra writes of Pope Alexander VI in his novel, The Secret Supper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja (Valencian: Roderic Llançol i de Borja"
},
{
"section_header": "French in retreat",
"text": "The Orsini remained very powerful, and Pope Alexander VI could count on none but his 3,000 Spanish troops."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "Showtime's The Borgias (2011–2013) was produced by Neil Jordan and starred Jeremy Irons as Pope Alexander VI."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years in office",
"text": "In contrast to the preceding pontificate, Pope Alexander VI adhered initially to strict administration of justice and orderly government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Spanish: Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja [roˈðɾiɣo lanˈθol i ðe ˈβoɾxa]; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death in 1503."
}
] |
Pope Alexander VI was not a Pope when he died.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Alexander VI
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "Three years after his death, Time Out magazine reported that \"the wall outside the house has become London's biggest rock 'n' roll shrine\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "The whereabouts of his ashes are believed to be known only to Austin, who has said that she will never reveal them."
}
] |
KlvRwsTbzr48I7mkL2D6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "Three years after his death, Time Out magazine reported that \"the wall outside the house has become London's biggest rock 'n' roll shrine\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "Referring to \"the late, great Freddie Mercury\" in their 2012 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction speech, Guns N' Roses quoted Mercury's lyrics from \"We Are the Champions\"; \"I've taken my bows, my curtain calls, you've brought me fame and fortune and everything that goes with it, and I thank you all."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Appearances in lists of influential individuals",
"text": "In 2011 a Rolling Stone readers' pick placed Mercury in second place of the magazine's Best Lead Singers of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "We Will Rock You. A tribute to Queen was on display at the Fremont Street Experience in downtown Las Vegas throughout 2009 on its video canopy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "The frog genus Mercurana, discovered in 2013 in Kerala, India, was named as a tribute because Mercury's \"vibrant music inspires the authors\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "Queen bandmate May. A statue of Mercury stood over the entrance to the Dominion Theatre in London's West End from May 2002 to May 2014 for Queen and Ben Elton's musical"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Portrayal on stage",
"text": "On 24 November 1997, a monodrama about Freddie Mercury's life, titled Mercury: The Afterlife and Times of a Rock God, opened in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Importance in AIDS history",
"text": "The tribute concert, which took place at London's Wembley Stadium for an audience of 72,000, featured a wide variety of guests including Robert Plant (of Led Zeppelin), Roger Daltrey (of the Who), Extreme, Elton John, Metallica, David Bowie, Annie Lennox, Tony Iommi (of Black Sabbath), Guns N'"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Appearances in lists of influential individuals",
"text": "In 2015, Billboard magazine placed him second on their list of the 25 Best Rock Frontmen (and Women) of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "The Who lead singer Roger Daltrey described Mercury as \"the best virtuoso rock 'n' roll singer of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "The whereabouts of his ashes are believed to be known only to Austin, who has said that she will never reveal them."
}
] |
Freddie Mercury's burial place is considered London's largest rock and roll tribute.
| 2 | 4 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
}
] |
KmJdM5naBgHKaBLq4wDb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "An annual British Computer Society Karen Spärck Jones lecture is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karen Spärck Jones FBA (26 August 1935 – 4 April 2007) was a pioneering British computer scientist responsible for the concept of inverse document frequency, a technology that underlies most modern search engines."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal Life",
"text": "She was married to fellow Cambridge computer scientist Roger Needham until his death in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Karen Ida Boalth Spärck Jones was born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2019, The New York Times published her belated obituary in its series Overlooked, calling her \"a pioneer of computer science for work combining statistics and linguistics, and an advocate for women in the field.\" From 2008, to recognize her achievements in the fields of IR and NLP, the Karen Spärck Jones Award is awarded to a new recipient with outstanding research in one or both of her fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spärck Jones was educated at a grammar school in Huddersfield and then from 1953 to 1956 at Girton College, Cambridge, studying history, with an additional final year in Moral Sciences (philosophy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She continued to work in the Computer Laboratory until shortly before her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Formerly known as Canalside West, the Spärck Jones building houses the University's School of Computing and Engineering."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Honours",
"text": "Fellow of the British Academy, of which she was Vice-President in 2000–2002"
}
] |
British computer scientist Karen Spärck Jones worked at Cambridge.
| 0 | 0 |
Karen Sparck Jones
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues",
"text": "McGraw described his new home upon his arrival as \"a dirty, dreary, ramshackle sort of place.\" McGraw made his major league debut in 1891 in the American Association with the Baltimore Orioles."
}
] |
Kmvt8FWVmpUEJ3zyVpfZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While primarily a third baseman throughout his career, he also played shortstop and the outfield in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "The Chicago White Stockings arrived in town for an exhibition game against McGraw's team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "The White Stockings were led by Adrian \"Cap\" Anson, the major leagues' first true superstar."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "McGraw arrived at Camden Station in Baltimore on August 24, 1891, still only 18 years old, but now a major league baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues",
"text": "McGraw described his new home upon his arrival as \"a dirty, dreary, ramshackle sort of place.\" McGraw made his major league debut in 1891 in the American Association with the Baltimore Orioles."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues",
"text": "During this time, McGraw established himself as an adept batsman with a keen eye, and an excellent third baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "John McGraw, Sr.'s first wife died, and he began moving around looking for work — a search that ultimately led him to Truxton, New York, in 1871."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues",
"text": "After the Orioles moved to the National League a year later, he remained with the team until 1899."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "When McGraw heard the news, he immediately went to visit his former coach, begging him for a chance to play on the new team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Style of play",
"text": "\"In 1899, the Pittsburg Leader said the following after he was \"as quiet as a lamb\" one day at Pittsburgh: \"McGraw, although having the reputation of being a rowdy ball player, has never shown any rowdy tactics in this city."
}
] |
Upon having got into the major league at 18 years old and moving to a new city from Chicago and the white stockings, third baseman, shortstop, and outfielder John McGraw immediately complained about his lodging.
| 1 | 5 |
John McGraw
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The show has been nominated for 72 awards, winning 18."
}
] |
KnHj0POMo5KjjNF84SZy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The show has been nominated for 28 Emmy Awards, including a nomination for Outstanding Comedy Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The show was nominated for 30 Emmy Awards and won ten."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The show has been nominated for 72 awards, winning 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 2012, seven years after its premiere, the series won the People's Choice for Favorite Network TV Comedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Stars Alyson Hannigan and Neil Patrick Harris have each received acting accolades, with both winning People's Choice Awards, and Harris receiving Emmy and Golden Globe nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Books",
"text": "How I Met Your Mother and Philosophy, released in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In January 2013, How I Met Your Mother was renewed for a ninth and final season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2012, seven years after its premiere, the series won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Network TV Comedy, and Neil Patrick Harris won the award for Favorite TV Comedy Actor twice ."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The show's art direction, editing and cinematography have also been awarded."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2010, Alyson Hannigan won the People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Comedy Actress."
}
] |
How I Met Your Mother has won eighteen of its seventy-two nominations.
| 0 | 0 |
How I Met Your Mother
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "The Petronas Towers' structural system is a tube in tube design, invented by Fazlur Rahman Khan."
}
] |
KnJSZSWxmgQNQ5KPHv4U
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "The Petronas Towers' structural system is a tube in tube design, invented by Fazlur Rahman Khan."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "Planning on the Petronas Towers started on 1 January 1992 and included rigorous tests and simulations of wind and structural loads on the design."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "It is not attached to the main structure, but is instead designed to slide in and out of the towers to prevent it from breaking, as the towers sway several feet in towards and away from each other during high winds."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "It also provides some structural support to the towers in these occasions."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "The lift operating chart of the Petronas Towers"
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "The towers were designed by Argentine architect César Pelli."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "Applying a tube-structure for extreme tall buildings is a common phenomenon."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "Supported by 23-by-23 metre concrete cores and an outer ring of widely spaced super columns, the towers use a sophisticated structural system that accommodates its slender profile and provides 560,000 square metres of column-free office space."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Ticketing system",
"text": "In order to visit Petronas towers, visitors must first purchase tickets."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Ticketing system",
"text": "The complete ticketing system is provided by the Malaysian-based Longbow Technologies Sdn Bhd."
}
] |
The Petronas Towers' structural system tube's design was invented by Fazlure Rahman Khan.
| 4 | 6 |
Petronas Towers
|
Music
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2012 she raised $22 million to support her women's cardiovascular center, bringing her own personal contribution to $10 million."
}
] |
KnaphMfAMsW5v45hXrlN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "Streisand has personally raised $25 million for organizations through her live performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2012 she raised $22 million to support her women's cardiovascular center, bringing her own personal contribution to $10 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "Streisand is one of many singers who use teleprompters during their live performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "A 1992 appearance at an APLA benefit as well as the aforementioned inaugural performance hinted that Streisand was becoming more receptive to the idea of live performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "On April 25, 2009, CBS aired Streisand's latest television special, Streisand: Live in Concert, highlighting the featured stop from her 2006 North American tour in Fort Lauderdale, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "The Streisand Foundation, established in 1986, has contributed over $16 million through nearly 1,000 grants to \"national organizations working on preservation of the environment, voter education, the protection of civil liberties and civil rights, women's issues and nuclear disarmament\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "In 2006, Streisand announced her intent to tour again, in an effort to raise money and awareness for multiple issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "On October 11, 2012, Streisand gave a three-hour concert performance before a crowd of 18,000 as part of the ongoing inaugural events of Barclays Center (and part of her current Barbra Live tour) in Brooklyn (her first-ever public performance in her home borough)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name",
"text": "Streisand changed her name from \"Barbara\" to \"Barbra\" because, she said, \"I hated the name, but I refused to change it.\" Streisand further explained, \"Well, I was 18"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "In September 2006, the pair filmed a live performance of the song for a special directed by Rob Marshall entitled Tony Bennett: An American Classic."
}
] |
Barbara Streisand is a successful philanthropist and has raised $25 million through her live performances.
| 3 | 9 |
Barbra Streisand
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stands as a memorial to 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in between 1914–1921 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia, Persia, East Africa, Gallipoli and elsewhere in the Near and the Far East, and the third Anglo-Afghan War."
}
] |
KnrldqaiqPGZU5MZY4ui
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Republic Day Parade starts from Rashtrapati Bhavan and passes around the India Gate."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and structure | Inscriptions",
"text": "THE NORTH-WEST FRONTIER AND DURING THE THIRD AFGHAN WAR"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the Bangladesh Liberation war in 1972, a structure consisting of a black marble plinth with a reversed rifle, capped by a war helmet and bounded by four eternal flames, was built beneath the archway."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "During the ceremony, the Deccan Horse, 3rd Sappers and Miners, 6th Jat Light Infantry, 34th Sikh Pioneers, 39th Garhwal Rifles, 59th Scinde Rifles (Frontier Force), 117th Mahrattas, and 5th Gurkha Rifles (Frontier Force), were honoured with title of \"Royal\" in recognition of the distinguished services and gallantry of the British Indian Army during the Great War\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In a ceremony, India's high commissioner to the United Kingdom laid a wreath at the arch in Leicester and the British high commissioner to India laid one at the India Gate."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The foundation stone of the gate, then called the All India War Memorial, was laid on 10 February 1921, at 16:30, by the visiting Duke of Connaught in a ceremony attended by Officers and Men of the British Indian Army, Imperial Service Troops, the Commander in Chief, and Chelmsford, the viceroy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The India Gate (originally the All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located astride the Rajpath, on the eastern edge of the \"ceremonial axis\" of New Delhi, formerly called Kingsway."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "India Gate is counted amongst the largest war memorials in India and every Republic Day, the Prime Minister visits the gate to pay their tributes to the Amar Jawan Jyoti, following which the Republic Day parade starts."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The India Gate was part of the work of the Imperial War Graves Commission (I.W.G.C), which came into existence in December 1917 for building war graves and memorials to soldiers who were killed in the First World War"
},
{
"section_header": "Design and structure | Canopy",
"text": "During and after the statue's removal, it was often suggested that a statue of Mahatma Gandhi be placed under the canopy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stands as a memorial to 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in between 1914–1921 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia, Persia, East Africa, Gallipoli and elsewhere in the Near and the Far East, and the third Anglo-Afghan War."
}
] |
The India Gate was built to honor the 52,432 military that passed away during the British wars in the early 1900s.
| 0 | 0 |
India Gate
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "According to historians, including Vladimir Minorsky and Roger Savory, the Safavids were of Turkicized Iranian origin: From the evidence available at the present time, it is certain that the Safavid family was of indigenous Iranian stock, and not of Turkish ancestry as it is sometimes claimed."
}
] |
KnsqUFTA3to0AwmtcEqs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin, but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavid dynasty (; Persian: دودمان صفوی, romanized: Dudmâne Safavi, pronounced [d̪uːd̪ˈmɒːne sæfæˈviː]) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran from 1501 to 1736."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and, at their height, they controlled all of what is now Iran, Azerbaijan Republic, Bahrain, Armenia, eastern Georgia, parts of the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a national state officially known as Iran."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "In addition, from the official establishment of the dynasty in 1501, the dynasty would continue to have many intermarriages with both Circassian as well as again"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Abbas III 1732–1736 The Safavid family was a literate family from its early origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "Furthermore, the dynasty was from the very start thoroughly intermarried with both Pontic Greek as well as Georgian lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "According to historians, including Vladimir Minorsky and Roger Savory, the Safavids were of Turkicized Iranian origin: From the evidence available at the present time, it is certain that the Safavid family was of indigenous Iranian stock, and not of Turkish ancestry as it is sometimes claimed."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Iran under the Safavids. Cambridge University Press."
}
] |
The Safavid dynasty in Iran is made of people originally from Turkey.
| 0 | 3 |
Safavid dynasty
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Death in the Family is an autobiographical novel by author James Agee, set in Knoxville, Tennessee."
}
] |
Ko9pZDuYrp2JYs3Mc5uy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The novel is based on the events that occurred to Agee in 1915 when his father went out of town to see his own father, who had suffered a heart attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "William Mayer wrote an opera based on the novel; it premiered in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The novel provides a portrait of life in Knoxville, Tennessee, showing how such a loss affects the young widow, her two children, her atheist father and the dead man's alcoholic brother."
},
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "Lofaro's version of the novel, A Death in the Family: A Restoration of the Author's Text, was published in 2007 as part of a 10-volume set, The Collected Works of James Agee (University of Tennessee Press)."
},
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "Lofaro tracked down the author's original manuscripts and notes and has reconstructed a version he says is more authentic."
},
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "Lofaro is also the author of Agee Agonistes: Essays on the Life, Legend, and Works of James Agee (2007)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was included on Time's 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Agee won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1958 for the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Death in the Family is an autobiographical novel by author James Agee, set in Knoxville, Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel was adapted into All the Way Home, a 1961 Pulitzer Prize-winning play by Tad Mosel."
}
] |
The novel is based off of true events in the author's life.
| 0 | 0 |
A Death in the Family
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other versions | 2008 TV film",
"text": "The film debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and was broadcast by ABC on February 25, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Raisin in the Sun is a play by Lorraine Hansberry that debuted on Broadway in 1959."
}
] |
KonjV9y6GZzIiH69HBY3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Raisin Cycle",
"text": "The first act takes place just before the events of A Raisin in the Sun, involving the selling of the house to the black family; the second act takes place 50 years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Raisin in the Sun is a play by Lorraine Hansberry that debuted on Broadway in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and reception",
"text": "With a cast in which all but one character is black, A Raisin in the Sun was considered a risky investment, and it took over a year for producer Philip Rose to raise enough money to launch it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and reception",
"text": "A Raisin in the Sun was the first play written by a black woman to be produced on Broadway, as well as the first with a black director, Mr. Richards."
},
{
"section_header": "Other versions | 2008 TV film",
"text": "The film debuted at the 2008 Sundance Film Festival and was broadcast by ABC on February 25, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "The Raisin Cycle",
"text": "The two above plays, together with the original, were referred to by Kwei-Armah as \"The Raisin Cycle\" and were produced together by Baltimore's Center Stage in the 2012–2013 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Other versions | 2008 TV film",
"text": "In 2008, Sean Combs, Phylicia Rashad and Audra McDonald starred in a television film directed by Kenny Leon."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and reception",
"text": "\"In 1960 \"In 1960 A Raisin In The Sun was nominated for four Tony Awards: Best Play – written by Lorraine Hansberry; produced by Philip Rose, David J. Cogan"
},
{
"section_header": "Other versions | 2008 TV film",
"text": "According to Nielsen Media Research, the program was watched by 12.7 million viewers and ranked No. 9 in the ratings for the week ending March 2, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and reception",
"text": "In 2016, Claire Brennan wrote in The Guardian that \"The power and craft of the writing make A Raisin in the Sun as moving today as it was then."
}
] |
A Raisin in the Sun was a play on Broadway and later a movie in 2008.
| 0 | 0 |
A Raisin in the Sun
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "Born in Norwalk, Ohio, Johnson went on to study law at Marietta College, although he did not take his degree."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "He subsequently became the sports editor of a newspaper in Cincinnati."
}
] |
Kp3Y0qMDwZW2XxgGzsUp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Because Johnson was in ill health at the time, the owners decided to put him on an indefinite sabbatical instead."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "Born in Norwalk, Ohio, Johnson went on to study law at Marietta College, although he did not take his degree."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Landis banned two New York Giants from the Series for attempting to bribe members of the Philadelphia Phillies late in the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the American League",
"text": "their manager Franklin was told right up to Jan. 29, 1901, that \"Buffalo was in the league and not to worry\", Ban Johnson unceremoniously dumped Buffalo and placed the franchise in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Byron Bancroft \"Ban\" Johnson (January 5, 1864 – March 28, 1931) was an American executive in professional baseball who served as the founder and first president of the American League (AL)."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "He subsequently became the sports editor of a newspaper in Cincinnati."
}
] |
Ban studied to be an doctor but decided be a journalist instead.
| 0 | 3 |
Ban Johnson
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Wallace Monument",
"text": "In 1997, a 12-foot (3.7 m), 13-tonne (13-long-ton; 14-short-ton) sandstone statue depicting Mel Gibson as William Wallace in Braveheart was placed in the car park of the Wallace Monument near Stirling, Scotland."
}
] |
Kp3zViR7S3NAviUdZzpY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Wallace Monument",
"text": "In 1998, someone wielding a hammer vandalized the statue's face."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "Braveheart earned positive reviews; critics praised Gibson's direction and performance as Wallace, the performances of its cast, and its screenplay, production values, Horner's score, and the battle sequences."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "Mel Gibson's Braveheart justifies its epic length by delivering enough sweeping action, drama, and romance to match its ambition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Braveheart, which was produced by Gibson's Icon Productions and The Ladd Company, was distributed by Paramount Pictures in North America and by 20th Century Fox internationally."
},
{
"section_header": "Accusations of Anglophobia",
"text": "It's a xenophobic film. \" Ian Burrell of The Independent has noted, \"The Braveheart phenomenon, a Hollywood-inspired rise in Scottish nationalism, has been linked to a rise in anti-English prejudice\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story is inspired by Blind Harry's 15th century epic poem The Actes and Deidis of the Illustre and Vallyeant Campioun Schir William Wallace and was adapted for the screen by Randall Wallace."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical inaccuracy",
"text": "Randall Wallace, who wrote the screenplay, has acknowledged Blind Harry's 15th-century epic poem The Acts and Deeds of Sir William Wallace, Knight of Elderslie as a major inspiration for the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical inaccuracy",
"text": "\"In 2009, the film was second on a list of \"most historically inaccurate movies\" in The Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "No. 62 AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) –"
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Not all reviews were positive, Richard Schickel of TIME magazine argued that \"everybody knows that a non-blubbering clause is standard in all movie stars' contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Wallace Monument",
"text": "In 1997, a 12-foot (3.7 m), 13-tonne (13-long-ton; 14-short-ton) sandstone statue depicting Mel Gibson as William Wallace in Braveheart was placed in the car park of the Wallace Monument near Stirling, Scotland."
}
] |
The movie Braveheart inspired an artist to create a bigger-than-life replica of Wallace with Gibson's face.
| 0 | 0 |
Braveheart
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Poison",
"text": "Poison is also a significant theme in the film."
}
] |
KpBiWyqn4P7OiZCDBvdB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "A direct-to-television sequel to the film, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny, was released in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The story presented in the film is adapted and condensed from the storyline of the fourth book in the series, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Title",
"text": "\" Besides, The title Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon has several layers of meanings."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "The latter was released in 2004 as New Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon for US and Canadian release."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, which is based on an early 20th century novel by Wang Dulu, unfolds much like a comic book, with the characters and their circumstances being painted using wide brush strokes."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Poison",
"text": "The poison is a weapon of her bitterness, and quest for vengeance: she poisons the master of Wudang, attempts to poison Jen, and succeeds in killing Mu Bai using a poisoned needle."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was very well received in the Western world, receiving numerous awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Counter-flow",
"text": "Wu and Chan (2007) look at Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon as somewhat of an example of \"counter-flow\", a film that has challenged Hollywood's grip on the film market."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Along with its awards success, Crouching Tiger continues to be hailed as one of the greatest and most influential films."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "During its final week in release, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon opened in a distant 50th place with $37,233 in revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Poison",
"text": "Poison is also a significant theme in the film."
}
] |
Poison was used in one scene of the film Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon.
| 0 | 0 |
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "The original French play on which the film is based was given its first performance in Paris in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thomas Becket is a Saxon protégé and facilitator to the carousing King Henry II, who transforms into a man who continually invokes the \"honour of God\"."
}
] |
KqIOcnEVHBkgBT1ZxpLf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "King Louis sees in Becket a means by which he can further his favourite pastime, tormenting the arrogant English."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Becket is a 1964 British-American film about the historic, tumultuous relationship between Henry II of England and his friend"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Henry, fresh from his whipping, publicly proclaims that Thomas Becket is a saint and that the ones who killed him will be justly punished."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "It opened on Broadway with Laurence Olivier as Becket and Anthony Quinn as King Henry II in a production directed by Peter Glenville, who later went on to direct the film version."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Both lost in years which were considered by many to be Musical Film showdowns in which 2 high profile musical films were in contention with one of which winning best picture (Mary Poppins and winner My Fair Lady against Becket, Funny Girl and winner Oliver!"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thomas Becket is a Saxon protégé and facilitator to the carousing King Henry II, who transforms into a man who continually invokes the \"honour of God\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Peter O'Toole – King Henry II of England"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Best Sound (John Cox) Becket and its spiritual sequel The Lion in Winter were both nominated for Best Picture in their respective years 1964 and 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The remainder of the film shows Henry rapidly sinking into drunken fixation over Becket and his perceived betrayal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Richard Burton as Thomas Becket and Peter O'Toole as King Henry II, with John Gielgud as King Louis VII, Donald Wolfit as Gilbert Foliot, Paolo Stoppa as Pope Alexander III, Martita Hunt as Empress Matilda, Pamela Brown as Queen Eleanor, Siân Phillips, Felix Aylmer, Gino Cervi, David Weston and Wilfrid Lawson."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "The original French play on which the film is based was given its first performance in Paris in 1959."
}
] |
Becket is a 1964 British-American film founded on an English theater piece about King Henry ll and his apostate, sinful ally.
| 0 | 0 |
Becket (1964 film)
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mrs. Cobb was charged with murder and then released on a $7,000 recognizance bond."
}
] |
KqisIOPjuyg3ReohsDCQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb's father was a state senator."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Views on race",
"text": "Cobb's father was a noted advocate for racial equality."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mrs. Cobb was charged with murder and then released on a $7,000 recognizance bond."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In August 1905, the management of the Tourists sold Cobb to the American League's Detroit Tigers for $750 (equivalent to $21,342 in 2019).On August 8, 1905, Cobb's mother fatally shot his father with a pistol that his father had purchased for her."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb later attributed his ferocious play to his late father, saying, \"I did it for my father."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career",
"text": "Cobb never had an easy time as husband and father."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalry with Sam Crawford",
"text": "Sam Crawford and Ty Cobb were teammates for parts of thirteen seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Three weeks after his mother killed his father, Cobb debuted in center field for the Detroit Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, editors at the Sporting News ranked Ty Cobb third on their list of \"Baseball's 100 Greatest Players\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career | Death",
"text": "As of July 2015, the Ty Cobb Educational Foundation has distributed $15.8 million in college scholarships to needy Georgians."
}
] |
Ty Cobb's father was murdered.
| 2 | 5 |
Ty Cobb
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Record on slavery",
"text": "Rather than advocating immediate emancipation, he continued to purchase enslaved people and to manumit them once he considered their work to \"have afforded a reasonable retribution.”"
}
] |
KqpQgEcNGjxjDb2Nwb5m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Record on slavery",
"text": "It did not provide government payment of compensation to slave owners, but failed to free people who were already enslaved as of 1799."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Record on slavery",
"text": "The act provided legal protection and assistance for free blacks kidnapped for the purposes of being sold into slavery."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family | Jay family homes in Rye and Bedford",
"text": "Stewardship of the site and several of its buildings for educational use was entrusted in 1990 by the New York State Board of Regents to the Jay Heritage Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Jay court",
"text": "No convention then precluded the involvement of Supreme Court Justices in political affairs, and Jay used his light workload as a Justice to participate freely in the business of Washington's administration."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Record on slavery",
"text": "In 1774 Jay drafted the Address to the People of Great Britain, which compares chattel slavery to British imperial tyranny."
},
{
"section_header": "Jay court",
"text": "Jay used his circuit riding to spread word throughout the states of Washington's commitment to neutrality and published reports of French minister Edmond-Charles Genet's campaign to win American support for France."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Record on slavery",
"text": "Rather than advocating immediate emancipation, he continued to purchase enslaved people and to manumit them once he considered their work to \"have afforded a reasonable retribution.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Record on slavery",
"text": "Jay was the founder and president of the New York Manumission Society in 1785, which organized boycotts against newspapers and merchants involved in the slave trade, and provided legal counsel to free blacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Record on slavery",
"text": "\" An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery\" provided that, from July 4 of that year, all children born to slave parents would be free (subject to lengthy apprenticeships) and that slave exports would be prohibited."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he successfully passed gradual emancipation legislation as governor of the state, he himself owned five enslaved people as late as 1800."
}
] |
John Jay used to buy people to set free afterwards.
| 0 | 0 |
John Jay
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first draft was signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Anna, president of Mexico."
}
] |
Krwxlk4yD6k3u6SjZ3FZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "Santa Anna worried that the US would allow further aggression against Mexican territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Economic development",
"text": "Arizona Territorial Governor Frémont investigated the Mexican government's allegations and accused them in turn of allowing outlaws to use Sonora as a base of operations for raiding into Arizona."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first draft was signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Anna, president of Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Southern route for the Transcontinental Railroad | Stephen Douglas and land grants",
"text": "Millard Fillmore established a precedent for using federal land grants when he signed a bill promoted by Douglas that allowed a south to north, Mobile to Chicago railroad to be financed by \"federal land grants for the specific purpose of railroad construction\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "On March 21, 1853, a treaty initiated in the Fillmore administration, that would provide joint Mexican and United States protection for the Sloo grant was signed in Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Indian raids",
"text": "During the Fillmore administration, Mexico claimed damages of $40 million (equivalent to $900 million in 2018) but offered to allow the U.S. to buy-out Article XI for $25 million ($560 million) while President Fillmore proposed a settlement that was $10 million less ($230 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "Southern route for the Transcontinental Railroad | Stephen Douglas and land grants",
"text": "The Compromise of 1850, which created the Utah Territory and the New Mexico Territory, would facilitate a southern route to the West Coast since all territory for the railroad was now organized and would allow for federal land grants as a financing measure."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Civil War",
"text": "In 1863, using a north-to-south dividing line, the Union created its own Arizona Territory out of the western half of the New Mexico Territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "signed the treaty on December 30, 1853, along with James Gadsden."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "With the encouragement of Davis, Pierce also appointed James Gadsden as ambassador to Mexico, with specific instructions to negotiate with Mexico over the acquisition of additional territory."
}
] |
The Gadsden Purchase allowed the US to buy a huge swath of Southern territory from Mexico, and was signed off by Mexican president Luis Echeverria.
| 0 | 0 |
Gadsden Purchase
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has won a total of 22 Grammy Awards, the most by a rapper, and holds the record for the most number-one albums by a solo artist on the Billboard 200, with 14."
}
] |
KsjMGCsy5Rgrzq9jSobP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jay-Z is one of the world's best-selling music artists, with over 50 million albums and 75 million singles sold worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has won a total of 22 Grammy Awards, the most by a rapper, and holds the record for the most number-one albums by a solo artist on the Billboard 200, with 14."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2003–2005: The Black Album and initial retirement",
"text": "The EP sold over 1 million copies in the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1998–2000: Vol. 2..., Vol. 3... and The Dynasty",
"text": "The album proved successful and sold over 3 million copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1998–2000: Vol. 2..., Vol. 3... and The Dynasty",
"text": "The Dynasty sold over two million units in the U.S. alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2001–2002: Feud with Nas, The Blueprint and The Blueprint2",
"text": "As of February 2012, the album had sold 2.7 million copies worldwide, even though its initial success had been overshadowed by the tragic events of 9/11."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2001–2002: Feud with Nas, The Blueprint and The Blueprint2",
"text": "The album debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one, selling over 3 million units in the U.S. alone and surpassing The Blueprint."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2005–2007: Kingdom Come and American Gangster",
"text": "This album has sold 2 million copies in the U.S.Jay-Z"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2005–2007: Kingdom Come and American Gangster",
"text": "\" The album has sold 1 million copies in the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Business career",
"text": "The fragrance sold $14 million the first year and $6.1 million the second."
}
] |
Jay-Z is one of the world's best-selling music artists, with over 50 million albums and 75 million singles sold worldwide with a total of 22 Grammy Awards,. as well.
| 0 | 0 |
Jay-Z
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Miller graduated from New York University in 1938 with a degree in Economics."
}
] |
KtiABSprEhv8BfGLEtDL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Marvin Miller kicked their butts and took power away from the baseball establishment—do you really think those people are going to vote him in?"
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "That's the least they owe Marvin Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Aside from miracles, there's no reason to believe the vote will do anything but go down."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Therefore Marvin Miller should be in the Hall of Fame on that basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Theresa predeceased Marvin. Peter Miller, his son, represented the baseball players in Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "In a statement, Michael Weiner, the executive director of the MLBPA, said: It is with profound sorrow that we announce the passing of Marvin Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Marvin Miller was succeeded in 1985 by Donald Fehr, who had joined the Major League Baseball Players Association as general counsel in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1997, the MLB Players Association created the Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award as one of its annual \"Players Choice Awards\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1992, Red Barber said, \"Marvin Miller, along with Babe Ruth and Jackie Robinson, is one of the two or three most important men in baseball history.\" Miller was selected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in December 2019, for induction in 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marvin Julian Miller (April 14, 1917 – November 27, 2012) was an American baseball executive who served as the Executive Director of the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA) from 1966 to 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Miller graduated from New York University in 1938 with a degree in Economics."
}
] |
Marvin Miller did not go to college.
| 0 | 0 |
Marvin Miller
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Films",
"text": "Shakespeare's version of the battle of Agincourt has been turned into several minor and two major films."
}
] |
Kttfbi0CdhSXiKSYOPIX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Music",
"text": "Soon after the victory at Agincourt, a number of popular folk songs were created about the battle, the most famous being the \"Agincourt Carol\", produced in the first half of the 15th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Literature",
"text": "Shakespeare's depiction of the battle also plays on the theme of modernity."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Films",
"text": "In his 2007 film adaptation, director Peter Babakitis uses digital effects to exaggerate realist features during the battle scenes, producing a more avant-garde interpretation of the fighting at Agincourt."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Literature",
"text": "The most famous cultural depiction of the battle today is William Shakespeare's Henry V, written in 1599."
},
{
"section_header": "Numbers at Agincourt",
"text": "By contrast, Juliet Barker, in her book Agincourt: The King, the Campaign, the Battle (also published in 2005) argues the English and Welsh were outnumbered \"at least four to one and possibly as much as six to one\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Literature",
"text": "Shakespeare illustrates these tensions by depicting Henry's decision to kill some of the French prisoners, whilst attempting to justify it and distance himself from the event."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary accounts",
"text": "The Battle of Agincourt is well documented by at least seven contemporary accounts, three from eyewitnesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Numbers at Agincourt",
"text": "Anne Curry in her 2005 book Agincourt: A New History, argues (based on research into the surviving administrative records) that the French army was about 12,000 strong, and the English army about 9,000, giving proportions of four to three."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular representations | Films",
"text": "Shakespeare's version of the battle of Agincourt has been turned into several minor and two major films."
},
{
"section_header": "Numbers at Agincourt",
"text": "And if the differential really was as low as three to four then this makes a nonsense of the course of the battle as described by eyewitnesses and contemporaries."
}
] |
F. Scott Fitzgerald's depiction of the battle of Agincourt has produced multiple movies.
| 2 | 5 |
Battle of Agincourt
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The population is heavily concentrated on the east coast, and in particular in the south-eastern region between South East Queensland to the north-east and Adelaide to the south-west."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | General characteristics",
"text": "The population density, 3.2 inhabitants per square kilometre, although a large proportion of the population lives along the temperate south-eastern coastline."
}
] |
KuS5I1AsUFeYPgwxYFre
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Australia has an average population density of 3.3 persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | General characteristics",
"text": "The population density, 3.2 inhabitants per square kilometre, although a large proportion of the population lives along the temperate south-eastern coastline."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The population is heavily concentrated on the east coast, and in particular in the south-eastern region between South East Queensland to the north-east and Adelaide to the south-west."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "Australia has one of the world's highest attendances of art galleries and museums per head of population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2015, 2.15% of the Australian population lived overseas, one of the lowest proportions worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2016, Australia had 12.3 global hectares of biocapacity per person within its territory, much more than the world average of 1.6 global hectares per person."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Immigrants account for 30% of the population, the highest proportion in any country with a population over 10 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2018 the average age of the Australian population was 38.8 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "Australia has the highest ratio of international students per head of population in the world by a large margin, with 812,000 international students enrolled in the nation's universities and vocational institutions in 2019."
}
] |
Australia has an average population density of 3.3 persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world with the population heavily concentrated on the west coast.
| 0 | 0 |
Australia
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Held in the Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention."
}
] |
KuZoTuFJ0qz9Yx8mpG3Q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Quaker influence",
"text": "Many members of the Religious Society of Friends, known as Quakers, made their homes in western New York state, near Seneca Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Further conventions",
"text": "Because of the fame and drawing power of Lucretia Mott, who would not be staying in the Upstate New York area for much longer, some of the participants at Seneca Falls organized the Rochester Women's Rights Convention two weeks later in Rochester, New York with Lucretia Mott as its featured speaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Held in the Wesleyan Chapel of the town of Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Further conventions",
"text": "Unlike the Seneca Falls convention, the Rochester convention took the controversial step of electing a woman, Abigail Bush, as its presiding officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | News reports",
"text": "The National Reformer reported that the convention \"forms an era in the progress of the age; it being the first convention of the kind ever held, and one whose influence shall not cease until woman is guaranteed all the rights now enjoyed by the other half of creation—Social, Civil and POLITICAL."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Further conventions",
"text": "In the next two years, \"the infancy ... of the movement\", other local and state women's rights conventions were called in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Attracting widespread attention, it was soon followed by other women's rights conventions, including the Rochester Women's Rights Convention in Rochester, New York, two weeks later."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "Davis set the beginning of the national and international women's rights movement at Worcester, Massachusetts in 1850, at the National Women's Rights Convention when women from many states were invited, the influence of which was felt across the continent and in Great Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Remembrances",
"text": "The Women's Rights National Historical Park was established in 1980, and covers a total of 6.83 acres (27,600 m²) of land in Seneca Falls and nearby Waterloo, New York, USA."
}
] |
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first of many conventions for the rights of women and was held in the state of New York .
| 1 | 4 |
Seneca Falls Convention
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered by many to be one of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka expanded Chandragupta's empire to reign over a realm stretching from present-day Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh in the east."
}
] |
Kv1sDTzlPZEjBIjMob9y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered by many to be one of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka expanded Chandragupta's empire to reign over a realm stretching from present-day Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh in the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Other religions",
"text": "One inscription records donations by his queen Karuvaki, while the emperor is known to have donated the Barabar Caves to the Ajivikas."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern scholarship | Perceptions and historiography",
"text": "Furthermore, many edicts are expressed to Buddhists alone; in one, Ashoka declares himself to be an \"upasaka\", and in another he demonstrates a close familiarity with Buddhist texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Dharma | Animal welfare",
"text": "Because he banned hunting, created many veterinary clinics and eliminated meat eating on many holidays, the Mauryan Empire under Ashoka has been described as \"one of the very few instances in world history of a government treating its animals as citizens who are as deserving of its protection as the human residents\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern scholarship | Perceptions and historiography",
"text": "For example, Amartya Sen writes, \"The Indian Emperor Ashoka in the third century BCE presented many political inscriptions in favor of tolerance and individual freedom, both as a part of state policy and in the relation of different people to each other\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | The war",
"text": "He proclaims that he now considered the slaughter, death and deportation caused during the conquest of a country painful and deplorable; and that he considered the suffering caused to the religious people and householders even more deplorable."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | The war",
"text": "It is possible that Ashoka did not consider it politically appropriate to make such a confession to the people of Kalinga."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign relations",
"text": "It was later confirmed that it was not unusual to add oral messages to written ones, and the content of Ashoka's messages can be inferred likewise from the XIIIth Rock Edict: They were meant to spread his dhammavijaya, which he considered the highest victory and which he wished to propagate everywhere (including far beyond India)."
},
{
"section_header": "In art, film and literature",
"text": "In 2002, Mason Jennings released the song \"Emperor Ashoka\" on his Living in the Moment EP."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Inscriptions",
"text": "Many of the inscriptions have been discovered in hills, rock shelters, and places of local significance."
}
] |
Asoka is considered by many as one of India's greatest emperors.
| 4 | 7 |
Asoka
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the preferred weekend home of Queen Elizabeth II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire."
}
] |
KvFzaGq75NOvkLdy2LpM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "During the Queen's tenure much has been done, not only to restore and maintain the fabric of the building, but also to transform it into a major British tourist attraction, containing a significant portion of the Royal Collection of art, which is managed from Windsor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a popular tourist attraction, a venue for hosting state visits, and the preferred weekend home of Queen Elizabeth II."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 18th century",
"text": "By the 1740s, Windsor Castle had become an early tourist attraction; wealthier visitors who could afford to pay the castle keeper could enter, see curiosities such as the castle's narwhal horn, and by the 1750s buy the first guidebooks to Windsor, produced by George Bickham in 1753 and Joseph Pote in 1755."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 18th century",
"text": "George disliked Hampton Court, and was attracted by the park at Windsor Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "During 2007, 993,000 tourists visited the castle."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 11th and 12th centuries",
"text": "Windsor was not initially used as a royal residence."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1992 fire",
"text": "Traditionally, as the property of the Crown, Windsor Castle was maintained, and if necessary repaired, by the British government in exchange for the profits made by the Crown Estate."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century",
"text": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert made Windsor Castle their principal royal residence, despite Victoria complaining early in her reign that the castle was \"dull and tiresome\" and \"prison-like\", and preferring Osborne and Balmoral as holiday residences."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Edward's reign was short-lived and he broadcast his abdication speech to the British Empire from the castle in December 1936, adopting the title of Duke of Windsor."
}
] |
The famous tourist attraction, Windsor Castle is resided by the British Royalty.
| 2 | 6 |
Windsor Castle
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Trojan Women (Ancient Greek: Τρῳάδες, Trōiades), also translated as The Women of Troy, and also known by its transliterated Greek title Troades, is a tragedy by the Greek playwright Euripides."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Cassandra, who can see the future, is morbidly delighted by this news: she sees that when they arrive in Argos, her new master's embittered wife Clytemnestra will kill both her and her new master."
}
] |
KvUwqmRXbuegyTURKL8E
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, Cassandra is also cursed so that her visions of the future are never believed, and she is carried off."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Cassandra, who can see the future, is morbidly delighted by this news: she sees that when they arrive in Argos, her new master's embittered wife Clytemnestra will kill both her and her new master."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Euripides's play follows the fates of the women of Troy after their city has been sacked, their husbands killed, and as their remaining families are about to be taken away as slaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Trojan Women (Ancient Greek: Τρῳάδες, Trōiades), also translated as The Women of Troy, and also known by its transliterated Greek title Troades, is a tragedy by the Greek playwright Euripides."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "Cypriot-Greek director Mihalis Kakogiannis used Euripides' play (in the famous Edith Hamilton translation) as the basis for his 1971 film The Trojan Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "His play is called Trojan Women: A Love Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Menelaus remains resolved to kill her, but the audience watching the play knows that he will let her live and take her back."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The widowed princess Andromache arrives and Hecuba learns from her that her youngest daughter, Polyxena, has been killed as a sacrifice at the tomb of the Greek warrior Achilles."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Throughout the play, many of the Trojan women lament the loss of the land that reared them."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "What follows shows how much the Trojan women have suffered as their grief is compounded when the Greeks dole out additional deaths and divide their shares of women."
}
] |
The Greek play The Trojan Women has the seer Cassandra who is cursed not to be believed so her warning about Clytemnestra killing her and her master.
| 0 | 0 |
The Trojan Women
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice."
}
] |
KvbG4YLDWeR0V4CJ4axN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book is widely taught in schools in the United States with lessons that emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Instantly successful, widely read in high schools and middle schools in the United States, it has become a classic of modern American literature, winning the Pulitzer Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The historian Joseph Crespino explains, \"In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its main character, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.\"As"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reaction to the novel varied widely upon publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "A 2008 survey of secondary books read by students between grades 9–12 in the U.S. indicates the novel is the most widely read book in these grades."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Finally, he attacks Jem and Scout while they are walking home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "Upon learning the school administrators were holding hearings to decide the book's appropriateness for the classroom, Harper Lee sent $10 to The Richmond News Leader suggesting it to be used toward the enrollment of \"the Hanover County School Board in any first grade of its choice\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "The Watchman manuscript was believed to have been lost until Lee's lawyer Tonja Carter discovered it, but this claim has been widely disputed."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "When Atticus is out of town, Jem locks a Sunday school classmate in the church basement with the furnace during a game of Shadrach."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "In one high-profile case outside the U.S., school districts in the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia attempted to have the book removed from standard teaching curricula in the 1990s, stating: The terminology in this novel subjects students to humiliating experiences that rob them of their self-respect and the respect of their peers."
}
] |
The novel is widely taught in schools across America.
| 2 | 5 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas: A World Tour Underwater (French: Vingt mille lieues sous les mers: Tour du monde sous-marin) is a classic science fiction adventure novel by French writer Jules Verne."
}
] |
KvcoKie249xClkxkU1uH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "which, in French, actually means Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas)."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "when the book's French title is correctly translated: rendered literally, it should read “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas” (not “Sea”)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas: A World Tour Underwater (French: Vingt mille lieues sous les mers: Tour du monde sous-marin) is a classic science fiction adventure novel by French writer Jules Verne."
},
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "In 1998 William Butcher issued a new, annotated translation with the title Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Seas and published by Oxford University Press; (ISBN 0-19-953927-8)."
},
{
"section_header": "Recurring themes in later books",
"text": "Though also widely published and translated, Facing the Flag never achieved the lasting popularity of Twenty Thousand Leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Recurring themes in later books",
"text": "Its air tanks could hold only thirty atmospheres, however Nemo claims that his futuristic adaptation could do far better: \"The Nautilus's pumps allow me to store air under considerable pressure ... my diving equipment can supply breathable air for nine or ten hours.\" As noted above, Hetzel and Verne generated a sequel of sorts to this novel: L'Île mystérieuse (The Mysterious Island, 1874), which attempts to round off narratives begun in Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas and Captain Grant's Children,"
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The title refers to the distance traveled under the various seas and not to any depth attained, since 20,000 leagues (80,000 km) is nearly twice the circumference of the Earth; the greatest depth reached in the novel is four leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "In 2010 Frederick Paul Walter issued a fully revised, newly researched translation, 20,000 Leagues Under the Seas: A World Tour Underwater."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and variations",
"text": "In Walt Disney's 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954), a live-action Technicolor film of the novel, Captain Nemo seems European, albeit dark-complected."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Thomas had made the fundamental blunder of accepting the original translation's errors and deletions without referencing Verne's French."
}
] |
Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea was originally written in French.
| 0 | 0 |
Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Revivals",
"text": "Hamlisch's rendering of Joplin's 1902 rag \"The Entertainer\" won an Academy Award, and was an American Top 40 hit in 1974, reaching No. 3 on May 18."
}
] |
KvlcxCIMpVIcLmtKkVSN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical form",
"text": "Converting a non-ragtime piece of music into ragtime by changing the time values of melody notes is known as \"ragging\" the piece."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Revivals",
"text": "It won a Grammy for Best Chamber Music Performance of the year and was named Top Classical Album of 1974 by Billboard magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence on European composers",
"text": "French composer Claude Debussy emulated ragtime in three pieces for piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Revivals",
"text": "Hamlisch's rendering of Joplin's 1902 rag \"The Entertainer\" won an Academy Award, and was an American Top 40 hit in 1974, reaching No. 3 on May 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical form",
"text": "Original ragtime pieces usually contain several distinct themes, four being the most common number."
},
{
"section_header": "Related forms and styles",
"text": "Ragtime pieces came in a number of different styles during the years of its popularity and appeared under a number of different descriptive names."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical form",
"text": "Don't play this piece fast. It is never right to play 'ragtime' fast.\" E. L. Doctorow used the quotation as the epigraph to his novel Ragtime."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence on European composers",
"text": "Igor Stravinsky wrote a solo piano work called Piano-Rag-Music in 1919 and also included a rag in his theater piece"
},
{
"section_header": "Related forms and styles",
"text": "Irving Berlin was the most commercially successful composer of ragtime songs, and his \"Alexander's Ragtime Band\" (1911) was the single most widely performed and recorded piece of this sort, even though it contains virtually no ragtime syncopation."
},
{
"section_header": "Related forms and styles",
"text": "Many of the terms associated with ragtime have inexact definitions and are defined differently by different experts; the definitions are muddled further by the fact that publishers often labelled pieces for the fad of the moment rather than the true style of the composition."
}
] |
A piece of ragtime won an Oscar.
| 0 | 0 |
Ragtime
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "MacLaine's film career started in 1955 in Alfred Hitchcock's classic thriller The Trouble With Harry."
}
] |
KwYOT31R5zRUutt4KnYD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Named after actress Shirley Temple (who was six years old at the time), Shirley MacLean Beaty was born on April 24, 1934, in Richmond, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "My Mom, Shirley MacLaine. MacLaine has called the book \"virtually all"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "The latter of these was released as the acclaimed live album Shirley MacLaine Live at the Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shirley MacLaine (born Shirley MacLean Beaty; April 24, 1934) is an American film, television, and theater actress, singer, dancer, activist, and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "The full story appeared on page 5 under the headline “Shirley Delivers A Punchy Line” with the byline Bernard Lefkowitz."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "MacLaine's film career started in 1955 in Alfred Hitchcock's classic thriller The Trouble With Harry."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "MacLaine was married to businessman Steve Parker from 1954 until their divorce in 1982; they have a daughter, Sachi."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "Afterwards she became an understudy to actress Carol Haney in The Pajama Game; in May 1954 Haney injured her ankle during a Wednesday matinee, and MacLaine replaced her."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "Gwen Verdon who originated the role onstage had hoped to play Charity in the film version, however MacLaine won the role due to her name being more well-known to audiences at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1955–1979",
"text": "She was angered by what he had said in his column about her ongoing contractual dispute with producer Hal Wallis, who had introduced her to the movie industry in 1954 and whom she eventually sued successfully for violating the terms of their contract."
}
] |
Shirley MacLaine was named after Shirley Temple and started her career in 1954.
| 0 | 0 |
Shirley MacLaine
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "As Justin became senile near the end of his reign, Justinian became the de facto ruler."
}
] |
KwvMVLfPJjiO7dY9Vmir
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "In earlier times, Justinian could not have married her owing to her class, but his uncle, Emperor Justin I, had passed a law lifting restrictions on marriages with ex-actresses."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities",
"text": "As a Christian Roman emperor, Justinian considered it his divine duty to restore the Roman Empire to its ancient boundaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War in Italy, first phase, 535–540",
"text": "By then the military situation had turned in favour of the Romans, and in 540 Belisarius reached the Ostrogothic capital Ravenna."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "During Justin's reign (518–527), Justinian was the emperor's close confidant."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War with the Sassanid Empire, 527–532",
"text": "Having thus secured his eastern frontier, Justinian turned his attention to the West, where Germanic kingdoms had been established in the territories of the former Western Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War with the Sassanid Empire, 527–532",
"text": "From his uncle, Justinian inherited ongoing hostilities with the Sassanid Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "When he died on 14 November 565, he left no children."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Upon Justin's death on 1 August 527, Justinian became the sole sovereign."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "A native speaker of Latin (possibly the last Roman emperor to be one) , he came from a peasant family believed to have been of Illyro-Roman or Thraco-Roman origins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "I ho Mégas; c. 482 – 14 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Eastern Roman emperor from 527 to 565."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "As Justin became senile near the end of his reign, Justinian became the de facto ruler."
}
] |
Justinian shadow ruled for his uncle at the end of Justin's turn as Roman Emperor, as age-related mental illness left him incapable of governing.
| 2 | 6 |
Justinian I
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1922–1934",
"text": "Burito had 22 wives, of whom Julius' mother, Mugaya Nyang'ombe, was the fifth."
}
] |
KxPm3mhF0ef8WmR0juYK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency of Tanzania | Economic crises with War with Uganda: 1971–1979",
"text": "Over the following years, various MPs were expelled for corruption and other crimes—they claimed, however, that they were being expelled for dissenting from Nyerere's positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality and personal life",
"text": "Raised as a practitioner of Zanaki traditional religion, Nyerere formally converted to Roman Catholicism at the age of 20 and remained a practitioner throughout his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Personality and personal life",
"text": "Nyerere published widely over the course of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of Tanzania | Economic crises with War with Uganda: 1971–1979 | War with Uganda",
"text": "Over following months, the Tanzanian army pushed further into Uganda."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership and Presidency of Tanganyika | Presidency of Tanganyika: 1962–1964 | Facing mutiny",
"text": "On 20 January, a small group of soldiers in the First Battalion calling themselves the Army Night Freedom Fighters launched an uprising, demanding the dismissal of their white officers and a pay rise."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of Tanzania | Domestic and foreign affairs: 1964–1966 | Foreign affairs",
"text": "Over the following years, China became the main beneficiary of Tanzania's foreign relations."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | Touring Tanganyika: 1955–1959",
"text": "In these elections, which took place over the course of 1958 and 1959, TANU won every seat it contested."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership and Presidency of Tanganyika | Premiership of Tanganyika: 1961–1962",
"text": "This President would be elected by the population, and they would then appoint a Vice President, who would preside over the National Assembly, Tanganyika's parliament."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1922–1934",
"text": "Nyerere's clan were the Abhakibhweege."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership and Presidency of Tanganyika | Premiership of Tanganyika: 1961–1962",
"text": "Over the following year, several Britons accused of racism were deported; concerns were raised about the lack of due process."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood: 1922–1934",
"text": "Burito had 22 wives, of whom Julius' mother, Mugaya Nyang'ombe, was the fifth."
}
] |
Nyerere's dad had over 20 spouses.
| 2 | 5 |
Julius Nyerere
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Square, Inc. is an American financial services, merchant services aggregator, and mobile payment company based in San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in 2009 by Jack Dorsey and Jim McKelvey and launched its first app and service in 2010."
}
] |
KxTZYGst9QQkVTXFXN0o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Business | Operations",
"text": "Square was co-founded by Twitter creator Jack Dorsey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Square, Inc. is an American financial services, merchant services aggregator, and mobile payment company based in San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in 2009 by Jack Dorsey and Jim McKelvey and launched its first app and service in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "A Canadian food truck which sold Cuban coffee faced a loss of C$14,000 because transactions were processed through a Canadian subsidiary of Chase Manhattan Bank, contracted by Square to handle its Canadian accounts."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Services",
"text": "After receiving approval in 2020 from the FDIC and the Utah Department of Financial Institutions, the company announced plans to launch small business-focused Square Financial Services in 2021, based in Salt Lake City."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Growth",
"text": "In October 2015, Square Inc. filed an IPO to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange."
},
{
"section_header": "Financials",
"text": "Square received angel investments from Marissa Mayer, Kevin Rose, Biz Stone, Dennis Crowley, Shawn Fanning, MC Hammer, and Esther Dyson."
},
{
"section_header": "Financials",
"text": "the fiscal year 2018, Square reported losses of US$38 million, with an annual revenue of US$3.299 billion, an increase of 49.0% over the previous fiscal cycle."
},
{
"section_header": "Financials",
"text": "On November 19, 2015, Square had its IPO on the New York Stock Exchange with an initial valuation of $2.9 billion, down by more than half from its last valuation in October 2014 at $6 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Financials",
"text": "Since then, it has raised several additional rounds of funding: Series A funding from Khosla Ventures Series B funding from Sequoia Capital Series C funding from Kleiner Perkins Series D funding from Citi Ventures, Rizvi Traverse Management, and Starbucks Series E funding from Goldman Sachs, Rizvi Traverse Management, and GIC Private LimitedThe company's valuation in October 2014 was $6 billion."
}
] |
Square, Inc. is an Canadian financial service and was founded by Jack Bauer.
| 0 | 0 |
Square, Inc.
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It took McCullers five years to complete, although she interrupted the work for a few months to write the novella"
}
] |
KyEZFjMUOnsledznmOm6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Her closest companions are the family's African American maid, Berenice Sadie Brown, and her six-year-old cousin, John Henry West."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding is a 1946 novel by Southern writer Carson McCullers."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretations",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding is told from the point of view of Frankie, who is a troubled adolescent."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "Text from The Member of the Wedding was used by Jarvis Cocker on his debut album, Jarvis."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Member of the Wedding. The screenplay was adapted by Edna and Edward Anhalt and directed by Fred Zinnemann."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Young Vic theatre in London produced the stage version of The Member of the Wedding in 2007, directed by Matthew Dunster."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical interpretations",
"text": "But some critics think it is a mistake to view The Member of the Wedding as simply a coming of age novel—a \"sweet momentary illumination of adolescence before the disillusion of adulthood,\" as it is sometimes regarded, or as Patricia Yaeger puts it, \"an economical way of learning about the pangs of growing up."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "In the original these are: It happened that green and crazy summer when Frankie was twelve years old."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "This was the summer when for a long time she had not been a member."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It took McCullers five years to complete, although she interrupted the work for a few months to write the novella"
}
] |
The Member of the Wedding was written in six years.
| 2 | 5 |
The Member of the Wedding
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "After the Napoleonic Wars, Notre-Dame was in such a state of disrepair that Paris officials considered its demolition."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "In 1844 King Louis Philippe ordered that the church be restored."
}
] |
KykBwcR5kJ4I8acajFOK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2019 fire",
"text": "The decoration was rescued from Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral after the fire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "On 26 August, a special mass was held in the cathedral to celebrate the liberation of Paris from the Germans; it was attended by General Charles De Gaulle and General Philippe Leclerc."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "Victor Hugo, who admired the cathedral, wrote the novel Notre-Dame de Paris (published in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame) in 1831 to save Notre-Dame."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2019 fire",
"text": "The smoke detectors immediately signaled the fire to a cathedral employee, who did not summon the fire brigade but instead sent a cathedral guard to investigate."
},
{
"section_header": "Bells",
"text": "It is named after Maurice de Sully, the bishop of Paris who laid the first stone for the construction of the cathedral."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Notre-Dame de Paris (French: [nɔtʁə dam də paʁi] (listen) ; meaning \"Our Lady of Paris\"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the 4th arrondissement of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2019 fire",
"text": "The spire of the cathedral collapsed at 19:50, bringing down some 750 tonnes of stone and lead."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "During the liberation of Paris in August 1944, the cathedral suffered some minor damage from stray bullets."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "The decoration of the restoration included a statue of Saint Thomas that resembles Viollet-le-Duc, as well as the sculpture of mythical creatures on the Galerie des Chimères."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2019 fire",
"text": "The firefighters inside were ordered back down."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "After the Napoleonic Wars, Notre-Dame was in such a state of disrepair that Paris officials considered its demolition."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Restoration",
"text": "In 1844 King Louis Philippe ordered that the church be restored."
}
] |
The Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral was almost torn down, but luckily, it was restored instead.
| 3 | 5 |
Notre-Dame de Paris
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Although there was a strong suspicion of poisoning, it is more likely that the cause of her death was tuberculosis. ."
}
] |
KzEKAojMJxVbRYPcCAE1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"My Last Duchess\" is a poem by Robert Browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the dramatic monologue."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In 'My Last Duchess' the Duke of Ferrara is addressing the envoy of the Count of Tyrol."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern adaptations",
"text": "The short story \" My Last Girlfriend\" by Robert Barnard is a take-off on \"My Last Duchess\" with a new twist."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The duke in this poem uses his power to control a woman, his duchess, by using her as currency."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern adaptations",
"text": "Science fiction author Eric Flint uses portions of \"My Last Duchess\" in his book 1634: The Galileo Affair (2004)."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern adaptations",
"text": "Canadian author Margaret Atwood's short story \"My Last Duchess\" appears in her short story anthology Moral Disorder (2006)."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern adaptations",
"text": "South African author Judy Croome based the main character Rax-ul-Can in her apocalyptic short story \"The Last Sacrifice\" (published in \"The Weight of a Feather and Other Stories\", Aztar Press, 2013) on the Duke in Browning's \"My Last Duchess\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "\" This could be interpreted as either the Duke had given commands to the Duchess to stop smiling or commands for her to be killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "As they look at the portrait of the late Duchess, the Duke describes her happy, cheerful and flirtatious nature, which had displeased him."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The poem is preceded by \"Ferrara:\", indicating that the speaker is most likely Alfonso II d'Este, the fifth Duke of Ferrara (1533–1598), who, at the age of 25, married Lucrezia di Cosimo de' Medici, the 14-year-old daughter of"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Although there was a strong suspicion of poisoning, it is more likely that the cause of her death was tuberculosis. ."
}
] |
The real life Duchess referenced by the poem, My Last Duchess, died at the dagger of an assassin.
| 3 | 4 |
My Last Duchess
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Frogs tells the story of the god Dionysus, who, despairing of the state of Athens' tragedians, travels to Hades (the underworld) to bring the playwright Euripides back from the dead. (Euripides had died the year before, in 406 BC.) He brings along his slave Xanthias, who is smarter and braver than Dionysus."
}
] |
Kzdas7fuUY2LWhxLBwfo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Frogs (Greek: Βάτραχοι Bátrachoi, \"Frogs\"; Latin: Ranae, often abbreviated Ran. or Ra.) is a comedy written by the Ancient Greek playwright Aristophanes."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "The parodos contains a paradigmatic example of how in Greek culture obscenity could be included in celebrations related to the gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The terrified Dionysus tells the truth that he is a god."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Structure",
"text": "Segal contends that Aristophanes transformed the Greek comedy structure when he downgraded the contest or agon which usually preceded the parabasis and expanded the parabasis into the agon."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Stephen Sondheim and Burt Shevelove adapted The Frogs to a musical of the same name, using characters of George Bernard Shaw and William Shakespeare instead of the Greek playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Their croaking refrain – Brekekekèx-koàx-koáx (Greek: Βρεκεκεκὲξ κοὰξ κοάξ) – greatly annoys Dionysus, who engages in a mocking debate (agon) with the frogs."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Frogs tells the story of the god Dionysus, who, despairing of the state of Athens' tragedians, travels to Hades (the underworld) to bring the playwright Euripides back from the dead. (Euripides had died the year before, in 406 BC.) He brings along his slave Xanthias, who is smarter and braver than Dionysus."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Quaouauh!\"The call of the Frog Chorus, \"Brekekekéx-koáx-koáx\" (Greek: Βρεκεκεκέξ κοάξ κοάξ), followed by a few of Charon's lines from the play formed part of the Yale \"Long Cheer\", which was first used in public in 1884, and was a feature of Yale sporting events from that time until the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Structure",
"text": "For more detail see Old Comedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "This is the point of the first choral interlude (parodos), sung by the eponymous chorus of frogs (the only scene in which frogs feature in the play)."
}
] |
The play The Frogs has is a Greek comedy about the god Dionysus.
| 1 | 2 |
The Frogs
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first player who had played in the Negro leagues to pitch in the World Series, in 1948, and was the first electee of the Negro League Committee to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.Paige first played for the semi-professional Mobile Tigers from 1924 to 1926."
}
] |
KzxrIpqiZV622V1ml5jO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1942 Negro World Series",
"text": "Paige gave up two runs in the first and was pulled after two innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1942 Negro World Series",
"text": "Paige started game one in Washington and pitched five shutout innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | Barnstorming with Feller: 1946–47",
"text": "In the first game, on October 15, both pitchers went four innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Travelers: 1939",
"text": "He had Paige rest his arm by pitching fewer innings and playing other positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | Barnstorming with Feller: 1946–47",
"text": "Both pitchers went five innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1942 Negro World Series",
"text": "Paige had pitched in all four official games in the Series (as well as one unofficial one), going 16 innings, striking out 18, and giving up eight hits and six runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | Barnstorming with Feller: 1946–47",
"text": "Paige had pitched 42 innings and allowed 18 runs, or 3.86 per nine innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1940–1942",
"text": "Paige entered the game at the start of the eighth inning with the East leading 8–1 and pitched the last two innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1942 Negro World Series",
"text": "For the first time since 1927, the champions of the two leagues, Kansas City and Washington/Homestead, met in the Negro World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1946 Negro World Series",
"text": "This time, however, Paige gave up four hits before the end of the inning, and four runs crossed the plate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first player who had played in the Negro leagues to pitch in the World Series, in 1948, and was the first electee of the Negro League Committee to be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.Paige first played for the semi-professional Mobile Tigers from 1924 to 1926."
}
] |
Satchel Paige was the first pitcher to play in the Negro leagues and pitch in the MLB World Series in the same season.
| 2 | 4 |
Satchel Paige
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Style | Setting",
"text": "Indeed, Cervantes deliberately omits the name of the village, giving an explanation in the final chapter: Such was the end of the Ingenious Gentleman of La Mancha, whose village Cide Hamete would not indicate precisely, in order to leave all the towns and villages of La Mancha to contend among themselves for the right to adopt him and claim him as a son, as the seven cities of Greece contended for Homer."
}
] |
L0UzRqdDwYpoCfjGppZp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Style | Setting",
"text": "Cervantes' story takes place on the plains of La Mancha, specifically the comarca of Campo de Montiel."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Spelling and pronunciation",
"text": "The language of Don Quixote, although still containing archaisms, is far more understandable to modern Spanish readers than is, for instance, the completely medieval Spanish of the Poema de mio Cid, a kind of Spanish that is as different from Cervantes' language as Middle English is from Modern English."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha (Modern Spanish: El ingenioso hidalgo (in Part 2, caballero) Don Quijote de la Mancha, pronounced [el iŋxeˈnjoso iˈðalɣo ðoŋ kiˈxote ðe la ˈmantʃa] (listen)), or just Don Quixote (, US: , Spanish: [doŋ kiˈxote] (listen)), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes."
},
{
"section_header": "Meaning",
"text": "This is done [...] as Cervantes did it [...] by never letting the reader rest."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Language",
"text": "Because of its widespread influence, Don Quixote also helped cement the modern Spanish language."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Spelling and pronunciation",
"text": "Cervantes wrote his work in early modern Spanish, heavily borrowing from Old Spanish, the medieval form of the language."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Setting",
"text": ", a gentleman lived not long ago, one of those who has a lance and ancient shield on a shelf and keeps a skinny nag and a greyhound for racing.) The story also takes place in El Toboso where Don Quixote goes to seek Dulcinea's blessings."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Setting",
"text": "un hidalgo de los de lanza en astillero, adarga antigua, rocín flaco y galgo corredor.(Somewhere in La Mancha, in a place whose name I do not care to remember"
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Spelling and pronunciation",
"text": "This humorous effect is more difficult to see nowadays because the reader must be able to distinguish the two old versions of the language, but when the book was published it was much celebrated. (English translations can get some sense of the effect by having Don Quixote use King James Bible or Shakespearian English, or even Middle English.) In Old Castilian, the letter x represented the sound written sh in modern English, so the name was originally pronounced [kiˈʃote]."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Language",
"text": "The opening sentence of the book created a classic Spanish cliché with the phrase \"de cuyo nombre no quiero acordarme\" (\"whose name I do not wish to recall\"): \"En un lugar de la Mancha, de cuyo nombre"
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Setting",
"text": "Indeed, Cervantes deliberately omits the name of the village, giving an explanation in the final chapter: Such was the end of the Ingenious Gentleman of La Mancha, whose village Cide Hamete would not indicate precisely, in order to leave all the towns and villages of La Mancha to contend among themselves for the right to adopt him and claim him as a son, as the seven cities of Greece contended for Homer."
}
] |
Don Quixote was written by Miguel de Cervantes in the begging stages of the modern Spanish and never tells the reader the name of the small town where the story takes place. .
| 1 | 1 |
Don Quixote
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "Yelp reviewers are not required to disclose their identity, but Yelp encourages them to do so."
}
] |
L0kbMo4EwI5m5VEnRsqd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Astroturfing",
"text": "Yelp has also been criticized for not disclosing how the filter works, which it says would reveal information on how to defeat it."
},
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "Yelp reviewers are not required to disclose their identity, but Yelp encourages them to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Litigation over review content",
"text": "In 2012, the Alexandria Circuit Court and the Virginia Court of Appeals held Yelp in contempt for refusing to disclose the identities of seven reviewers who anonymously criticized a carpet-cleaning business."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Political expression and politically motivated ratings",
"text": "Eater reported that between 2012 and 2015, a number of users who review restaurants on the site have posted reviews that contained comments about the political activities and political views of businesses and their owners or have submitted ratings affected by political motivations."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Private company (2009–2012)",
"text": "In a January 2014 agreement, Google was not subject to anti-trust litigation from the FTC, but did have to allow services like Yelp the ability to opt out of having their data scraped and used on Google's websites."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of the second quarter of 2019, Yelp reported having a monthly average of 61.8 million unique visitors via desktop computer and 76.7 million unique visitors via its mobile website."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Alleged unfair business practices",
"text": "A 2011 \"working paper\" published by Harvard Business School from Harvard Associate Professor Michael Luca and Georgios Zervas of Boston University found that there was no significant statistical correlation between being a Yelp advertiser and having more favorable reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Public entity (2012–present)",
"text": "Having filed for an initial public offering (IPO) with the Securities Exchange Commission in November 2011, Yelp's stock began public trading on the New York Stock Exchange on March 2, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "Yelp does not disclose how the Yelp Elite are selected."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Astroturfing",
"text": "The lawyer said Yelp was trying to get revenge for his legal disputes and activism against Yelp."
}
] |
Yelp commentators don't have the obligation to reveal their identity.
| 1 | 6 |
Yelp
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor."
}
] |
L0o6KxLSnpXBScujMTIa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some historians depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered, sometimes indecisive ruler, who enjoyed more than her share of luck."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sometimes called the Virgin Queen, Gloriana or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the last of the five monarchs of the House of Tudor."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "One of the causes for this \"second reign\" of Elizabeth, as it is sometimes called, was the changed character of Elizabeth's governing body, the privy council in the 1590s."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "If Mary and her child died, Elizabeth would become queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "On 6 November, Mary recognised Elizabeth as her heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "On 17 November 1558, Mary died and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "On 3 August 1553, Mary rode triumphantly into London, with Elizabeth at her side."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "The marriage was the first of a series of errors of judgement by Mary that handed the victory to the Scottish Protestants and to Elizabeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary I's reign",
"text": "Mary, a devout Catholic, was determined to crush the Protestant faith in which Elizabeth had been educated, and she ordered that everyone attend Catholic Mass; Elizabeth had to outwardly conform."
},
{
"section_header": "Mary, Queen of Scots",
"text": "In 1563 Elizabeth proposed her own suitor, Robert Dudley, as a husband for Mary, without asking either of the two people concerned."
}
] |
Elizabeth I was sometimes referred to as Glory Mary.
| 2 | 2 |
Elizabeth I
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He died of a stroke on September 9, 1915, in San Diego, one week after his 66th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His ashes were scattered at his request."
}
] |
L0vpZEiCpKH9kYuWDwrY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Tour",
"text": "In 1888–1889, Spalding took a group of major league players around the world to promote baseball and Spalding sporting goods."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With William Hulbert, Spalding organized the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "To aid him in this venture, Hulbert enlisted the help of Spalding."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spalding set a trend when he started wearing a baseball glove."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Rulemaker",
"text": "Spalding published the first official rules guide for baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His plaque in the Hall of Fame reads \"Albert Goodwill Spalding."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "In 1877, Spalding began to use a glove to protect his catching hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Rulemaker",
"text": "In it he stated that only Spalding balls could be used (previously, the quality of the balls used had been subpar)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Rulemaker",
"text": "Spalding also founded the \"Baseball Guide\", which at the time was the most widely read baseball publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Other activities",
"text": "Spalding had been a prominent member of the Theosophical Society under William Quan Judge."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He died of a stroke on September 9, 1915, in San Diego, one week after his 66th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His ashes were scattered at his request."
}
] |
Spalding passed from a cerebral vascular accident and he was cremated.
| 1 | 3 |
Al Spalding
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | Athens' rule over its alliance",
"text": "Angelos Vlachos, a Greek Academician, points out the use of the alliance's treasury, initiated and executed by Pericles, as one of the largest embezzlements in human history; this misappropriation financed, however, some of the most marvellous artistic creations of the ancient world."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | Athens' rule over its alliance",
"text": "It was from the alliance's treasury that Pericles drew the funds necessary to enable his ambitious building plan, centered on the \"Periclean Acropolis\", which included the Propylaea, the Parthenon and the golden statue of Athena, sculpted by Pericles' friend, Phidias."
}
] |
L1oRU0MgRx5WNkVyaAef
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | Final battle with the conservatives",
"text": "The ambitious new leader of the conservatives, Thucydides (not to be confused with the historian of the same name), accused Pericles of profligacy, criticizing the way he spent the money for the ongoing building plan."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | Personal attacks",
"text": "Phidias, who had been in charge of all building projects, was first accused of embezzling gold meant for the statue of Athena and then of impiety, because, when he wrought the battle of the Amazons on the shield of Athena, he carved out a figure that suggested himself as a bald old man, and also inserted a very fine likeness of Pericles fighting with an Amazon."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | Personal attacks",
"text": "Aspasia, who was noted for her ability as a conversationalist and adviser, was accused of corrupting the women of Athens to satisfy Pericles' perversions."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Nonetheless, objections did not undermine Pericles' morale, although he burst into tears to protect Aspasia when she was accused of corrupting Athenian society."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | Athens' rule over its alliance",
"text": "It was from the alliance's treasury that Pericles drew the funds necessary to enable his ambitious building plan, centered on the \"Periclean Acropolis\", which included the Propylaea, the Parthenon and the golden statue of Athena, sculpted by Pericles' friend, Phidias."
},
{
"section_header": "Peloponnesian War | First year of the war (431 BC)",
"text": "According to the most stringent provision of the decree, even proposing a different use of the money or ships would entail the penalty of death."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | Athens' rule over its alliance",
"text": "Angelos Vlachos, a Greek Academician, points out the use of the alliance's treasury, initiated and executed by Pericles, as one of the largest embezzlements in human history; this misappropriation financed, however, some of the most marvellous artistic creations of the ancient world."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | First Peloponnesian War",
"text": "When Pericles was later audited for the handling of public money, an expenditure of 10 talents was not sufficiently justified, since the official documents just referred that the money was spent for a \"very serious purpose\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Legacy",
"text": "The Acropolis, though in ruins, still stands and is a symbol of modern Athens."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career until 431 BC | Leading Athens | First Peloponnesian War",
"text": "Kagan believes that Pericles used Callias,"
}
] |
Pericles accused his Aspasia of embezzling the money that was to be used to build his Acropolis.
| 0 | 0 |
Pericles
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Oklahoma land rush of 1889 prompts thousands to travel to the Oklahoma Territory to grab free government land; Yancey Cravat (Richard Dix) and his young bride, Sabra (Irene Dunne) cross the border from Kansas to join the throngs."
}
] |
L2Lv62SGP7LcNyMkaAYL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Cimarron does not follow the rules of story construction... It is, in short, a graphic interpretation of a portion of history, the history of the state of Oklahoma from the time of the first great land rush until the present.”More"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Oklahoma land rush of 1889 prompts thousands to travel to the Oklahoma Territory to grab free government land; Yancey Cravat (Richard Dix) and his young bride, Sabra (Irene Dunne) cross the border from Kansas to join the throngs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Oscar-winning script was written by Howard Estabrook based on the 1930 Edna Ferber novel Cimarron."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Cimarron currently holds a 53% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 19 reviews, with a weighted average of 5.2/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Filming began in the summer of 1930 at Jasmin Quinn Ranch outside of Los Angeles, California, where the land rush scenes were shot."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sabra and Yancey are reunited one final time when she rushes to his side after he has rescued numerous oil drillers from a devastating explosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Beset by guilt over his killing of The Kid, when another land rush appears, Yancey leaves Sabra and his children to participate in settling the Cherokee Strip."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Motion Picture Magazine raved, \"A great and worthy effort, this transcription of early Oklahoma life will be hailed as one of the high-spots of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Additionally, it is one of only two films (the other being"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Eight decades later, it is frequently cited on lists of the most undeserving Academy Award winners and is rightfully impugned for racist overtones and scattershot storytelling.\" Steve Evans of DVD Verdict wrote, \"Seen with contemporary eyes, the film is badly dated, slow moving, and pocked with racist caricatures.... The recreation of the great 1889 Oklahoma Land Rush remains an exciting spectacle.... Unfortunately, the film never manages to top this opening shot.\" At the 1931 Academy Awards ceremony at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, Cimarron was the first film to receive more than six Academy Awards nominations and be nominated for the Big Five awards (Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, Best Actress, and Best Writing)."
}
] |
Cimarron is based on the Oklahoma land rush.
| 3 | 4 |
Cimarron (1931 film)
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berlin (; German: [bɛʁˈliːn] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population."
}
] |
L2qkeLa6OtSbixAF0alr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Architecture",
"text": "Charlottenburg Palace, which was burnt out in the Second World War, is the largest historical palace in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Sport",
"text": "Berlin is the largest Olympic training centre in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berlin (; German: [bɛʁˈliːn] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Recreation",
"text": "The Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin are the largest World Heritage Site in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | City state",
"text": "Since the reunification on 3 October 1990, Berlin has been one of the three city states in Germany among the present 16 states of Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Architecture",
"text": "The church was destroyed in the Second World War and left in ruins."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Companies",
"text": "Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn,"
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Science and Business Park in Adlershof is the largest technology park in Germany measured by revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Capital city",
"text": "Berlin is the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism and conventions",
"text": "The largest visitor groups are from Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the United States."
}
] |
Berlin is the second largest city of Germany.
| 0 | 0 |
Berlin
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final years (1894–1898)",
"text": "His wife, Catherine Gladstone (née Glynne), died two years later on 14 June 1900; and was buried next to him."
}
] |
L3cav5OWFQDKc8RdUHyz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Third premiership (1886)",
"text": "Gladstone's conversion to Home Rule convinced them to switch away from the Conservatives and support the Liberals using the 86 seats in Parliament they controlled."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "But he was far and away the best Parliamentary speaker I have ever heard."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer (1859–1866) | Electoral reform",
"text": "The Conservatives then formed a ministry, in which after long Parliamentary debate Disraeli passed the Second Reform Act of 1867; Gladstone's proposed bill had been totally outmanoeuvred; he stormed into the Chamber, but too late to see his arch-enemy pass the bill."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years (1894–1898)",
"text": "His wife, Catherine Gladstone (née Glynne), died two years later on 14 June 1900; and was buried next to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer (1859–1866) | Leader of the Liberal Party, from 1867",
"text": "When it was passed Disraeli took the hint and called a General Election."
},
{
"section_header": "Second premiership (1880–1885)",
"text": "As he could lawfully only serve as MP for one constituency, Leeds was passed to his son Herbert."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the Exchequer (1859–1866)",
"text": "The Bill to abolish duties on paper narrowly passed Commons but was rejected by the House of Lords."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Government of Ireland Bill 1893 passed through the Commons but was defeated in the House of Lords in 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister under Peel (1841–1846)",
"text": "Gladstone passed the Coal Vendors Act 1843 to set up a central office for employment."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years (1894–1898)",
"text": "In the early months of 1897, Gladstone and his wife stayed in Cannes."
}
] |
Gladstone's spouse passed away in the early 1900s.
| 1 | 1 |
William Ewart Gladstone
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially, Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship; however, Petruchio \"tames\" her with various psychological torments, such as keeping her from eating and drinking, until she becomes a desirable, compliant, and obedient bride."
}
] |
L3dkN8pzaMsFZJR0fjSZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Numerous men, including Tranio, deem Katherina an unworthy option for marriage because of her notorious assertiveness and willfulness."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The man does so, and Baptista is happy for Bianca to wed Lucentio (still Tranio in disguise)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | Sexism controversy",
"text": "When the chips are down they all default to power positions and self-protection and status and the one woman who was a challenge to them, with all with her wit and intellect, they are all gleeful and relieved to see crushed."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Katherina agrees to marry Petruchio after seeing that he is the only man willing to counter her quick remarks; however, at the ceremony, Petruchio makes an embarrassing scene when he strikes the priest and drinks the communion wine."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Along the way, they meet Vincentio, who is also on his way to Padua, and Katherina agrees with Petruchio when he declares that Vincentio is a woman and then apologises to Vincentio when Petruchio tells her that he is a man."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes | Female submissiveness",
"text": "George Bernard Shaw wrote in 1897 that \"no man with any decency of feeling can sit it out in the company of a woman without being extremely ashamed of the lord-of-creation moral implied in the wager and the speech put into the woman's own mouth.\" Katherina is seen as having been successfully tamed, and having come to accept her newly submissive role to such an extent that she advocates that role for others, the final speech rationalises, according to Duthie, in both a political and sociological sense, the submission of wives to husbands."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes | Cruelty",
"text": "the entire play, including the Induction, arguing the Sly frame, with the Lord's spiteful practical joke, prepares the audience for a play willing to treat cruelty as a comedic matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Themes | Female submissiveness",
"text": "The end of the play then offers blatant irony when a strong male actor, dressed as a woman, lectures women on how to play their parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The play is performed in order to distract Sly from his \"wife,\" who is actually Bartholomew, a servant, dressed as a woman."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Because of the general opinion that Petruchio is married to a shrew, a good-natured quarrel breaks out amongst the three men about whose wife is the most obedient."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially, Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship; however, Petruchio \"tames\" her with various psychological torments, such as keeping her from eating and drinking, until she becomes a desirable, compliant, and obedient bride."
}
] |
The play is about a man breaking down a woman he intends to wed so that she will be subservient to him in their marriage.
| 1 | 2 |
The Taming of the Shrew
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His father died when he was young, and three of Alfred's brothers, Æthelbald, Æthelberht and Æthelred, reigned in turn before him."
}
] |
L3lQaRWnLQy6PKKQ2z3t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "For two hundred years, three families had fought for the West Saxon throne, and no son had followed his father as king."
},
{
"section_header": "King at war | Early struggles",
"text": "Alfred blockaded them but was unable to take Wareham by assault."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After ascending the throne, Alfred spent several years fighting Viking invasions."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and culture",
"text": "According to Asser, Alfred enticed foreign monks to England for his monastery at Athelney as there was little interest for the locals to take up the monastic life."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Æthelbald only survived his father by two years"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "This made Ecgberht an ætheling – a prince eligible for the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal reform",
"text": "Alfred, according to Asser, insisted upon reviewing contested judgments made by his ealdormen and reeves and \"would carefully look into nearly all the judgements which were passed [issued] in his absence anywhere in the realm to see whether they were just or unjust\"."
},
{
"section_header": "King at war | Early struggles",
"text": "The Viking army withdrew from Reading in the autumn of 871 to take up winter quarters in Mercian London."
},
{
"section_header": "King at war | 880s",
"text": "The resulting power vacuum stirred up other power-hungry warlords eager to take his place in the following years."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Victorian writers later interpreted this as an anticipatory coronation in preparation for his eventual succession to the throne of Wessex."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His father died when he was young, and three of Alfred's brothers, Æthelbald, Æthelberht and Æthelred, reigned in turn before him."
}
] |
Alfred was the first to take the throne after his father passed.
| 2 | 5 |
Alfred the Great
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bench has been married four times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lauren would not relocate Florida, leading to their divorce."
}
] |
L3nE4evYSPpH9bm36npk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Johnny filed for divorce in 2000 on grounds of marital infidelity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His fourth marriage took place in 2004, to 31-year-old Lauren Baiocchi, the daughter of pro golfer Hugh Baiocchi."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"I don't think either of us had any idea what marriage was really like.\" After returning to Manhattan, Chesser said, \"Johnny Bench is a great athlete, a mediocre everything else, and a true tragedy as a person.\"Before"
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1970s",
"text": "In 1975, the Reds finally broke through in the post season."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lauren would not relocate Florida, leading to their divorce."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "For a time in the 1980s Bench was a commercial spokesman for Krylon paint, featuring a memorable catchphrase: \"I'm Johnny Bench, and this is Johnny Bench's bench."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bench's third marriage, to Elizabeth Benton, took place in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire career in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Cincinnati Reds from 1967 through 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had a son, Bobby Binger Bench (named for Bob Hope and Bobby Knight, and Bench's hometown), before divorcing in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1970s",
"text": "In 1974, Bench led the league with 129 RBI and scored 108 runs, becoming only the fourth catcher in major league history with 100 or more runs and RBI in the same season."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bench has been married four times."
}
] |
Johnny Bench hasn't had much success with his marriages and has just went through his fourth divorce.
| 0 | 0 |
Johnny Bench
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It dramatises the romantic and artistic conflicts between four characters: the famous middlebrow story writer Boris Trigorin, the ingenue Nina, the fading actress Irina Arkadina, and her son the symbolist playwright Konstantin Treplyov."
}
] |
L3yFDXJjsjbiZFxfdvAj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The play was also adapted as the Russian film The Seagull in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seagull (Russian: Чайка, romanized: Chayka) is a play by Russian dramatist Anton Chekhov, written in 1895 and first produced in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanislavski's production became \"one of the greatest events in the history of Russian theatre and one of the greatest new developments in the history of world"
},
{
"section_header": "Translation",
"text": "In the introduction of his own version, Tom Stoppard wrote: \"You can't have too many English Seagulls: at the intersection of all of them, the Russian one will be forever elusive.\" In fact, the problems start with the title of the play: there's no sea anywhere near the play's settings, –"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though the character of Trigorin is considered Chekhov's greatest male role, like Chekhov's other full-length plays, The Seagull relies upon an ensemble cast of diverse, fully developed characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Translation",
"text": "Some early translations of The Seagull have come under criticism from modern Russian scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act IV",
"text": "Most of the play's characters go to the drawing room to play a game of bingo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When Konstantin Stanislavski, the seminal Russian theatre practitioner of the time, directed it in 1898 for his Moscow Art Theatre, the play was a triumph."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seagull is generally considered to be the first of his four major plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act II",
"text": "Nina says that she knows the life of an actress is not easy either, but she wants more than anything to be one."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It dramatises the romantic and artistic conflicts between four characters: the famous middlebrow story writer Boris Trigorin, the ingenue Nina, the fading actress Irina Arkadina, and her son the symbolist playwright Konstantin Treplyov."
}
] |
The Seagull is a Russian play that focuses on 4 characters.
| 0 | 0 |
The Seagull
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "Finley gave Hunter the nickname \"Catfish\" in 1965 because he thought his 19-year-old pitcher needed a flashy nickname."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "A story circulated that Hunter's family gave him the nickname as a child when he went missing and was later found with a string of catfish; there is no truth to that explanation."
}
] |
L5LlSq0qY0pxrVuJRW9m
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "Hollowell was best friends with the young Jim Hunter while they grew up together."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He grew up on a farm and excelled in a variety of sports at Perquimans County High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Augustus Hunter (April 8, 1946 – September 9, 1999), nicknamed \"Catfish\", was a professional baseball player in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Free agency",
"text": "On February 11, 1974, Hunter agreed with the A's on a two-year, $200,000 contract with a clause stipulating that $50,000 payments be made to a life insurance annuity of his choosing in each of the two seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Reception",
"text": "After Hunter's death, former teammate Reggie Jackson described Hunter as a \"fabulous human being."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "In spring training, he was diagnosed with diabetes and combined with his chronic arm trouble the disease began to sap Hunter's energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "A story circulated that Hunter's family gave him the nickname as a child when he went missing and was later found with a string of catfish; there is no truth to that explanation."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "Hunter's statistics while he was with the Athletics were impressive: four consecutive years with at least 20 wins, and four World Series wins without a loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During his senior year in November 1963, Hunter's right foot was wounded by a brother in a hunting accident; he lost one of his toes and shotgun pellets lodged in his foot."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "Finley gave Hunter the nickname \"Catfish\" in 1965 because he thought his 19-year-old pitcher needed a flashy nickname."
}
] |
James Hunter's moniker is entirely made up, and has no purpose besides sounding neat.
| 5 | 7 |
Catfish Hunter
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, the company produces and distributes content from countries all over the globe."
},
{
"section_header": "Finance and revenue | 2019",
"text": "Netflix is now considered the largest buyer of video content globally."
}
] |
L5URk8ENrlrKeWwpIBGc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rebranding and wider international expansion",
"text": "The reported purchase price is under $30 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion",
"text": "By October 2018, Netflix's customer base reached 137 million worldwide, confirming its rank as by far the world's biggest online subscription video service."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Film and television deals",
"text": "While the film was critically panned, analysts believed that Netflix's purchase of the film helped to make the film instantly profitable for Paramount compared to a more traditional theatrical release, while Netflix benefited from the surprise reveal."
},
{
"section_header": "Finance and revenue | 2019",
"text": "Netflix is now considered the largest buyer of video content globally."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Subsidiaries",
"text": "Netflix Global, LLC – A Foreign Limited-Liability Company filed on August 3, 2016, that co-produces all foreign programming and films"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion",
"text": "As of September 2013, for that year's third quarter report, Netflix reported its total of global streaming subscribers at 40.4 million (31.2 million in the United States)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Icarus had its premiere at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival and was bought by Netflix for $5 million, one of the biggest deals ever for a non-fiction film."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Original programming",
"text": "The company has started internally self-producing its original content, such as The Ranch and Chelsea, through its Netflix Studios production house."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, sold Pure Atria to Rational Software Corporation in 1997 for $700 million in what was then the biggest acquisition in Silicon Valley history."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Viewership figure claims",
"text": "A week after its release, Netflix claimed that it had the biggest seven-day viewing record of any of its original films at over 45 million viewers, but did not provide data to validate it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, the company produces and distributes content from countries all over the globe."
}
] |
The company is the biggest purchasers of contents globally.
| 2 | 4 |
Netflix
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its themes are, like those of many of Eliot's poems, overlapping and fragmentary, but it is recognized to be concerned most with post–World War"
}
] |
L6QtPFzGSbq4QBVDDAKo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Theme and context",
"text": "Dancing \"round the prickly pear,\" the figures worship false gods, recalling children and reflecting Eliot's interpretation of Western culture after World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its themes are, like those of many of Eliot's poems, overlapping and fragmentary, but it is recognized to be concerned most with post–World War"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture",
"text": "Additionally, the March 1925 of Dial published The Hollow Men, I-III which was finally transformed to The Hollow Men Parts I, II, and IV in Poems: 1909–1925.(Publication information from Gallup) The Hollow Men has had a profound effect on the Anglo-American cultural lexicon—and by a relatively recent extension, world culture—since it was published in 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture | Music",
"text": "\"this is the way the world ends, this is the way the world ends, this is the way the world ends\" using wordplay to add \"not with a band\" in their song Longtime on the album Schubert Dip"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture | Music",
"text": "\"This is the way the world ends\" in it."
},
{
"section_header": "Theme and context",
"text": "Another is that he is not sure the world will end with either."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture | Television",
"text": "British television series: Doctor Who (\"The Lazarus Experiment\") and Foyle's War (series 1, episode 3, which also name-drops \" Ash Wednesday\" and Horizons magazine, to which Eliot contributed) American television shows: 30 Rock, The Big Bang Theory, Northern Exposure, the title of the finale of Dexter's sixth season (in which the protagonist also quotes the titular verse), Dollhouse (on \"The Hollow Men\" episode), Frasier, Mad Men, and The X-Files (on the \"Pusher\" episode)."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture | Music",
"text": "I Am Alien, references the poem in the title track: \"So thank you Mr. Elliot for showing us the way the world will end, Not with a bang, but with a whimper on the wind, And I've come to tell all of my friends, That it starts with a bang, but ends with the wind.\" Frank Turner references The Hollow Men in his song \"Sons of Liberty\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Journey of the character",
"text": "There is a complete breakdown of language, prayer and the spirit as \"the world ends/ Not with a bang but a whimper\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture | Music",
"text": "“This is the way the world ends” in the song ”Columns”, from his sophomore album Oblivion Access."
}
] |
"The Hollow Men" deals with World War I.
| 2 | 5 |
The Hollow Men
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1993, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the arts."
}
] |
L6ed5h2fprsFIcIMqe0I
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Role as Hannibal Lecter",
"text": "I suppose I'll just have to settle for being a respectable actor poncing around the West End and doing respectable BBC work for the rest of my life.\" Hopkins played the iconic villain in adaptations of the first three of the Lecter novels by Thomas Harris."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy",
"text": "For the ceremony, he donned Cooper's trademark fez and performed a comic routine."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work",
"text": "As it was I had to settle for being an actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy",
"text": "Prior to the campaign, Hopkins authored Anthony Hopkins' Snowdonia, which was published in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1993, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for services to the arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career",
"text": "Hopkins played Autobot ally Sir Edmund Burton in Transformers: The Last Knight, which was released in June 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hopkins was appointed a CBE in 1987 and was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II for \"services to the arts\" at Buckingham Palace in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "I suppose it's because we are both Welsh and grew up near the same town [Port Talbot]."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins (born 31 December 1937) is a Welsh actor, director and film producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Other work",
"text": "He narrated episode 1 through 3 before being replaced by John Shrapnel."
}
] |
Anthony Hopkins was supposed to be knighted but the ceremony was canceled when Princess Diana died.
| 0 | 0 |
Anthony Hopkins
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna, he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896 amid a deep economic depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Rising politician (1877–1895) | Governor of Ohio (1892–1896)",
"text": "The Ohio Republican party remained divided, but McKinley quietly arranged for Foraker to nominate him at the 1891 state Republican convention, which chose McKinley by acclamation."
}
] |
L7OX4t060BEx79CzjLpM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "William followed in the Methodist tradition, becoming active in the local Methodist church at the age of sixteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Rising politician (1877–1895) | Spokesman for protection",
"text": "Sherman, who had helped to found the Republican Party, ran three times for the Republican nomination for president in the 1880s, each time failing, while Foraker began a meteoric rise in Ohio politics early in the decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career and marriage",
"text": "When McKinley ran for re-election in 1871, the Democrats nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1897–1901) | Assassination",
"text": "There was obviously the most serious danger that his wounds would become septic."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career and marriage",
"text": "In 1869, McKinley ran for the office of prosecuting attorney of Stark County, an office usually then held by Democrats, and was unexpectedly elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1896 | Obtaining the nomination",
"text": "It is unclear when William McKinley began to seriously prepare a run for president."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "William McKinley Jr. was born in 1843 in Niles, Ohio, the seventh of nine children of William McKinley Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William McKinley (born William McKinley Jr.; January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States from 1897, until his assassination in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "He remained at Allegheny for only one year, returning home in 1860 after becoming ill and depressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Rising politician (1877–1895) | Spokesman for protection",
"text": "McKinley biographer Margaret Leech noted that Canton had become prosperous as a center for the manufacture of farm equipment because of protection, and that this may have helped form his political views."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With the aid of his close adviser Mark Hanna, he secured the Republican nomination for president in 1896 amid a deep economic depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Rising politician (1877–1895) | Governor of Ohio (1892–1896)",
"text": "The Ohio Republican party remained divided, but McKinley quietly arranged for Foraker to nominate him at the 1891 state Republican convention, which chose McKinley by acclamation."
}
] |
William McKinley ran as a Republican to become president.
| 0 | 0 |
William McKinley
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Cate Blanchett as Galadriel: The Elven-Queen of Lothlórien, who discusses Middle-earth's future with Elrond."
}
] |
L7c2UZwOBofllu7Tubcc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Cate Blanchett as Galadriel: The Elven-Queen of Lothlórien, who discusses Middle-earth's future with Elrond."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Principal photography",
"text": "The Two Towers shared principal photography with The Fellowship of the Ring and The Return of the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The individual Blu-ray disc of The Two Towers was released in September 2010 with the same special features as the complete trilogy release, except there was no digital copy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film features an ensemble cast including Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Viggo Mortensen, Sean Astin, Cate Blanchett, John Rhys-Davies, Bernard Hill, Christopher Lee, Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Orlando Bloom, Hugo Weaving, Miranda Otto, David Wenham, Brad Dourif, Karl Urban and Andy Serkis."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The Two Towers was the most difficult of the Rings films to make, having neither a clear beginning nor end to focus the script."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The screenwriters did not originally script The Two Towers as its own film: instead, parts of it were the conclusion to The Fellowship of the Ring, the first of two planned films under Miramax."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Blu-ray editionThe theatrical Blu-ray version of The Lord of the Rings was released in the United States in April 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The meaning of the title itself, 'The Two Towers', was changed."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special effects",
"text": "For The Two Towers, Weta Digital doubled their staff of 260."
}
] |
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers features Cate Blanchett as Gimli.
| 2 | 5 |
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Piece of Me Tour, hiatus, and the #FreeBritney movement",
"text": "On May 29, 2020, Spears released Glory's Japanese-exclusive bonus track, \"Mood Ring\", to streaming and digital platforms worldwide."
}
] |
L7xvYNgsAvcKRB8B6S6B
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Spears began work on her eighth studio album, Britney Jean, in December 2012, and enlisted"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2001–2002: Britney and Crossroads",
"text": "Her self-titled third studio album, Britney, was released in November 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Britney Jean debuted at number 34 on the UK Albums Chart, selling 12,959 copies in its first week."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Britney Jean became Spears's final project under her original recording contract with Jive, which had guaranteed the release of eight studio albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2001–2002: Britney and Crossroads",
"text": "\"To support the album, Spears embarked on the Dream Within a Dream Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "In August 2014, Spears confirmed she had renewed her contract with RCA and that she was writing and recording new music for her next album."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "\" On June 16, 2015, Giorgio Moroder released his album, Deja Vu, that featured Spears on \"Tom's Diner\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spears adopted more mature and provocative themes for her next two studio albums, Britney (2001) and"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Spears announced through her Twitter account in August 2014 that she would be releasing an intimate apparel line called \"The Intimate Britney Spears\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "During the same appearance, Spears announced that Britney Jean would be released on December 3, 2013, in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Piece of Me Tour, hiatus, and the #FreeBritney movement",
"text": "On May 29, 2020, Spears released Glory's Japanese-exclusive bonus track, \"Mood Ring\", to streaming and digital platforms worldwide."
}
] |
Britney spears had a Japan-exclusive album.
| 2 | 4 |
Britney Spears
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The film is based on the 1975 Broadway musical, which ran for 936 performances but was not well received by audiences, primarily due to the show's cynical tone."
}
] |
L93EF4xoE1FYDcFjdSx7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "A film version of Chicago was to have been the next project for Bob Fosse, who had directed and choreographed the original 1975 Broadway production and had won an Oscar for his direction of the film version of Cabaret (1972)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chicago is a 2002 American musical black comedy crime film based on the 1975 stage musical of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "\" On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 82 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating \"universal acclaim\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The two stage a spectacular performance that earns them the love of the audience and the press (\" Nowadays / Hot Honey Rag\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "The 2013 Scottish film Sunshine on Leith was also adapted from a stage production, originating with Scotland's Dundee Repertory Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Tim Robey, writer for The Daily Telegraph in the United Kingdom, labeled Chicago as \"The best screen musical for 30 years.\" He also stated that it has taken a \"three-step tango for us to welcome back the movie musical as a form.\" Robey said \"This particular Chicago makes the most prolific use it possibly can out of one specific advantage the cinema has over the stage when it comes to song and dance: it's a sustained celebration of parallel montage.\" Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it \"Big, brassy fun\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Rivera originated the role of Velma Kelly in the Broadway musical Chicago in 1975; her appearance in the film is a cameo."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Other original and biographical musical films that were released to commercial success with mixed critical reception, includes Across the Universe in 2007,"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an 86% approval rating, based on 256 reviews, with an average rating of 7.96/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The original production's musical numbers were staged as vaudeville acts; the film respects this but presents them as cutaway scenes in the mind of the Roxie character, while scenes in \"real life\" are filmed with a hard-edged grittiness. (This construct is the reason given by director Marshall why \"Class,\" performed by Velma and Mama, was cut from the film.) The musical itself was based on a 1926 Broadway play by Maurine Watkins about two real-life Jazz-era murderers Beulah Annan (Roxie Hart) and Belva Gaertner (Velma Kelly)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "The film is based on the 1975 Broadway musical, which ran for 936 performances but was not well received by audiences, primarily due to the show's cynical tone."
}
] |
The original stage version of Chicago that the film was based on was loved by critics and theater-goers.
| 0 | 0 |
Chicago (2002 film)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "There, an inmate gave Chesbro the nickname \"Happy Jack\", due to his pleasant demeanor."
}
] |
LAEE6I8omFk9pKJs7NOw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Dwight Chesbro (June 5, 1874 – November 6, 1931) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "There, an inmate gave Chesbro the nickname \"Happy Jack\", due to his pleasant demeanor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was born John D. Chesbro on June 5, 1874 in Houghtonville, a village in North Adams, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Happy Jack\", Chesbro played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1899–1902), the New York Highlanders (1903–1909), and the Boston Red Sox (1909)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In his book The Politics of Glory, James charged that the induction of undeserving players created a \"second tier\" in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "Prior to the 1909 season, Chesbro was assigned to the Indianapolis Indians of the American Association, a minor league affiliate of the Highlanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "That year, the Veterans Committee elected eleven players: Chesbro, Jesse Burkett, Frank Chance, Johnny Evers, Clark Griffith, Tommy McCarthy, Joe McGinnity, Eddie Plank, Joe Tinker, Rube Waddell, and Ed Walsh."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His 41 wins during the 1904 season remains an American League record."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "At the end of the 1902 season, the upstart American League (AL) began to entice NL stars to join their league by offering competitive salaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These 1904 single-season totals for games started and complete games, like the wins total, are also the most recorded by a pitcher in either the American or National League since the beginning of the 20th century and the co-existence of the American and National Leagues as major leagues."
}
] |
American baseball player John Dwight Chesbro was nicknamed "Happy Jack."
| 0 | 0 |
Jack Chesbro
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He graduated from Columbia University (where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity) at a time when few major league players had attended college."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His son, Eddie Jr., was an outfielder who played for Yale University."
}
] |
LAkBh80kwzJS3GAv3vuS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Trowbridge Collins Sr. (May 2, 1887 – March 25, 1951), nicknamed \"Cocky\", was an American professional baseball player, manager and executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Return to the Athletics",
"text": "Collins finished his career with 1,300 runs batted in."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Collins coached and managed in the major leagues after retiring as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When he signed with the Philadelphia organization, Collins was still a student at Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Collins was renowned for his intelligence, confidence, batting prowess and speed."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Return to the Athletics",
"text": "Collins returned to Philadelphia to rejoin the Athletics in 1927 as a player-coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing and front-office career",
"text": "Author Howard Bryant wrote that Collins' prejudice also extended to Jews and Catholics."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Return to the Athletics",
"text": "To date, Collins is the only MLB player to play for two teams for at least 12 seasons each."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing and front-office career",
"text": "After two seasons as a coach, Collins was hired as the general manager of the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Collins is the only non-Yankee to win five or more World Series titles with the same club."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He graduated from Columbia University (where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity) at a time when few major league players had attended college."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His son, Eddie Jr., was an outfielder who played for Yale University."
}
] |
Edward Trowbridge Collins Sr. has a different alma mater than Edward Junior.
| 0 | 0 |
Eddie Collins
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Public schools were named after him in Louisville, Kentucky and Baltimore, Maryland."
}
] |
LBISVv2Sbm7lIDPNjr4d
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The young man later used the name \"Samuel Coleridge-Taylor\", with a hyphen, said to be following a printer's typographical error."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "They were not married, and Daniel Taylor returned to Africa without learning that Alice was pregnant. (Alice Hare Martin's parents were not married at her birth, either.) Alice Martin named her son Samuel Coleridge Taylor after the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A two-hour documentary, Samuel Coleridge Taylor and His Music in America, 1900–1912 (2013), was made about him and includes a performance of several of his pieces, as well as information about him and his prominent place in music."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Coleridge-Taylor was greatly admired by African Americans; in 1901, a 200-voice African-American chorus was founded in Washington, D.C., named the Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was born in 1875 in Holborn, London, to Alice Hare Martin (1856–1953), an English woman, and Dr. Daniel Peter Hughes Taylor, a Creole from Sierra Leone who had studied medicine in the capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Public schools were named after him in Louisville, Kentucky and Baltimore, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous publishing | Thelma, the missing opera",
"text": "Perhaps Coleridge-Taylor changed the name of his heroine (and might have changed the name of the opera, had it been produced) to avoid creating the assumption that his work was a treatment of Corelli's then very popular novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "The Heritage of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "The couple had a son, named Hiawatha (1900–1980) after a Native American immortalised in poetry, and a daughter Gwendolyn Avril (1903–1998)."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Green, Jeffrey (2011). Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, a Musical Life."
}
] |
Educational institutions are named after Samuel Coleridge-Taylor in America.
| 3 | 5 |
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni, also known by the British title Transformation, was the last of the four major romances by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and was published in 1860."
}
] |
LBfuGMaAfVixp4FqWtef
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "\"Hawthorne struggled with a title for his new book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Marble Faun: Or, The Romance of Monte Beni, also known by the British title Transformation, was the last of the four major romances by Nathaniel Hawthorne, and was published in 1860."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "The book was published simultaneously in America and England in late 1860; the title for the British edition was Transformation: Or the Romance of Monte Beni."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "In early 1858, Hawthorne was inspired to write his romance when he saw the Faun of Praxiteles in the Palazzo Nuovo of the Capitoline Museum in Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "He considered several, including Monte Beni; or, The Faun: A Romance, The Romance of a Faun, Marble and Life; a Romance, Marble and Man; a Romance, and St. Hilda's Shrine."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "After writing The Blithedale Romance in 1852, Hawthorne, who was then approaching fifty, was granted a political appointment as American Consul in Liverpool, England, which he held from 1853 to 1857."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Encouraged to write a book long enough to fill three volumes"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "A Marble Faun is also the title of a book of poetry published in 1924 by William Faulkner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The romance mixes elements of a fable, pastoral, gothic novel, and travel guide."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "This romance focuses on four main characters: Miriam, Hilda, Kenyon, and Donatello."
}
] |
The book was the first of the romances by Hawthorne.
| 0 | 0 |
The Marble Faun
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Lee Daniels lawsuit",
"text": "he's some f—in' demon. \" In response, Penn launched a $10 million defamation suit against Daniels, alleging that he had never been arrested for or charged with domestic violence."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\" Penn was alleged to have struck Madonna on multiple occasions, but in 2015 Madonna stated the allegations were \"completely outrageous, malicious, reckless, and false\"."
}
] |
LBjZ6oL7GxNwpUvjAJYr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism | Criticism of President Bush",
"text": "\"Sean is one of the few,\" remarked his ex-wife Madonna."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The marriage was marred by violent outbursts against the press, including one incident when Penn was arrested for assaulting a photographer on a film set; Penn was sentenced to 60 days in jail in mid-1987, of which he served 33 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple filed for divorce in December 2007 but reconciled several months later, requesting a court dismissal of their divorce case."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Falkland Islands controversy",
"text": "His [Penn's] views are irrelevant and it only serves to fuel the fire of the Argentinians and get them more pumped up\" while British Conservative MP Patrick Mercer dismissed Penn's statement as \"moronic.\" Lauren Collins of The New Yorker wrote: \"As of today, Sean Penn is the new Karl Lagerfeld—the man upon whom, having disrespected something dear to the United Kingdom, the British papers most gleefully pile"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | El Chapo interview",
"text": "According to published text messages with del Castillo, Guzmán did not know who Sean Penn was."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism | Pakistan",
"text": "On March 24, 2012, Penn also visited Bilquis Edhi Female Child Home and met Pakistan's iconic humanitarian worker Abdul Sattar Edhi and his wife, Bilquis Edhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sean Justin Penn (born August 17, 1960) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "A year later, he appeared in the hit comedy Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982), in the role of surfer-stoner Jeff Spicoli; his character helped popularize the word \"dude\" in popular culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Penn received another two Oscar nominations for Woody Allen's comedy-drama Sweet and Lowdown (1999) and the drama"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Falkland Islands controversy",
"text": "Falklands War veteran and political activist Simon Weston stated \"Sean Penn does not know what he is talking about and, frankly, he should shut up."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Lee Daniels lawsuit",
"text": "he's some f—in' demon. \" In response, Penn launched a $10 million defamation suit against Daniels, alleging that he had never been arrested for or charged with domestic violence."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\" Penn was alleged to have struck Madonna on multiple occasions, but in 2015 Madonna stated the allegations were \"completely outrageous, malicious, reckless, and false\"."
}
] |
Sean Penn served almost two months in jail after hitting his wife.
| 0 | 0 |
Sean Penn
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After being forced to retire in 1996 at age 36 due to loss of vision in one eye from a central retinal vein occlusion, Puckett was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2001, his first year of eligibility."
}
] |
LBlJ61YVnkBsOoaBpAsi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kirby Puckett (March 14, 1960 – March 6, 2006) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "When it was apparent that he would never be able to play again, Puckett announced his retirement on July 12, 1996, at the age of 36."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "In 2001 balloting, he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked Number 86 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "The Twins retired Puckett's number 34 in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "His unquestionable baseball prowess, outgoing personality and energy, charity work, community involvement, and attitude earned him the respect and admiration of fans across the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Puckett was survived by his son Kirby Jr. and daughter Catherine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After being forced to retire in 1996 at age 36 due to loss of vision in one eye from a central retinal vein occlusion, Puckett was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2001, his first year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Puckett was admired throughout his career."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Kirby was also recognized for his defensive skills, earning his first Gold Glove Award."
}
] |
Kirby Puckett retired from baseball after an automobile accident.
| 1 | 5 |
Kirby Puckett
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Paul David Bunning (October 23, 1931 – May 26, 2017) was an American professional baseball pitcher and politician who represented Kentucky in both chambers of the United States Congress."
}
] |
LByhOu8HWb7w5YCiHKEH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "At the time of Bunning's death, Tony Clark, then serving as MLBPA's executive director, praised Bunning's union activities: \"Recognizing the need to ensure that all players receive fair representation in their dealings with major league club owners, Jim, along with a number of his peers, helped pave the way for generations of players.\" On December 18, 2008, the Lexington Herald Leader reported that Sen. Bunning's non-profit foundation, the Jim Bunning Foundation, has given less than 25 percent of its proceeds to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Second Senate term",
"text": "The extension of unemployment benefits then passed by a vote of 78–19."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "Bunning Foundation board members include his wife Mary, and Cincinnati tire dealer Bob Sumerel."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "In 2008, records indicate that Bunning attended 10 baseball shows around the country and signed autographs, generating $61,631 in income for the charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and burial",
"text": "Bunning died in Edgewood, Kentucky on the night of May 26, 2017, at the age of 85 following a stroke he suffered in October 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "The charity has taken in $504,000 since 1996, according to Senate and tax records; during that period, Senator Bunning was paid $180,000 in salary by the foundation while working a reported one hour per week."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Through the first four innings, Bunning totaled four strikeouts through 12 batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Bunning also had a good day at the plate, hitting a double and driving in two runs in the sixth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Paul David Bunning (October 23, 1931 – May 26, 2017) was an American professional baseball pitcher and politician who represented Kentucky in both chambers of the United States Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Second Senate term",
"text": "The bill passed without any Republican votes, 60–39.On February 25, 2010, Bunning objected to a proposal of unanimous consent for an extension of unemployment insurance, COBRA, and other federal programs, citing that this extension was not pay-as-you-go."
}
] |
Jim Bunning passed away in 2017.
| 0 | 5 |
Jim Bunning
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol"
}
] |
LC0TE8MVrbv9dpa6XDhY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The free metal does not occur in nature, and must be prepared from compounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is an essential element for all animals and some plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role | Biological role in humans | Nutrition | Diet",
"text": "Other sources of sodium are its natural occurrence in food and such food additives as monosodium glutamate (MSG), sodium nitrite, sodium saccharin, baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), and sodium benzoate."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence",
"text": "Because of its high reactivity, it is never found as a pure element."
},
{
"section_header": "Uses",
"text": "Note the free element is not used as a scaling agent, ions in the water are exchanged for sodium ions."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry | Intermetallic compounds",
"text": "Sodium forms alloys with many metals, such as potassium, calcium, lead, and the group 11 and 12 elements."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The chemical abbreviation for sodium was first published in 1814 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in his system of atomic symbols, and is an abbreviation of the element's New Latin name natrium, which refers to the Egyptian natron, a natural mineral salt mainly consisting of hydrated sodium carbonate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the Earth's crust and exists in numerous minerals such as feldspars, sodalite, and rock salt (NaCl)."
}
] |
Sodium is a natural element.
| 0 | 0 |
Sodium
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "As there was already a team named Fulham in the borough, the name of the adjacent borough of Chelsea was chosen for the new club; names like Kensington FC, Stamford Bridge FC and London FC were also considered."
}
] |
LCKj9B5DswvTlTXu6qfy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chelsea Football Club is an English professional football club based in Fulham, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on attendance figures, the club has the sixth-largest fanbase in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Chelsea Women",
"text": "Chelsea also operate a women's football team, Chelsea Football Club Women, formerly known as Chelsea Ladies."
},
{
"section_header": "Club personnel",
"text": "Chelsea FC plc is the company which owns Chelsea Football Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Crest and colours | Crest",
"text": "It was based on elements in the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea with the \"lion rampant regardant\" taken from the arms of then club president Viscount Chelsea and the staff from the Abbots of Westminster, former Lords of the Manor of Chelsea."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "Owing to the notoriety of the Chelsea Headhunters, a football firm associated with the club, Chelsea have also featured in films about football hooliganism, including 2004's The Football Factory."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Chelsea were founded on 10 March 1905 at The Rising Sun pub (now The Butcher's Hook), opposite the present-day main entrance to the ground on Fulham Road, and were elected to the Football League shortly afterwards."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances",
"text": "Chelsea Football Club were founded by Gus Mears in 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "An offer to lease it to nearby Fulham was turned down, so Mears opted to found his own club to use the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chelsea is among England's most successful clubs, having won over thirty competitive honours, including six league titles and six European trophies."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "As there was already a team named Fulham in the borough, the name of the adjacent borough of Chelsea was chosen for the new club; names like Kensington FC, Stamford Bridge FC and London FC were also considered."
}
] |
The title of Chelsea was decided for this Fulham based Football Club in reverence of the owner's wife.
| 1 | 6 |
Chelsea F.C.
|
Literature
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker."
}
] |
LCdglYPimLZd4dqAqqnS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston's hometown of Eatonville, Florida, celebrates her life annually in Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "Walker commissioned a gray marker inscribed with \"ZORA NEALE HURSTON /"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "In 1979, Stetson Kennedy of Jacksonville, who knew Hurston through his work with the Federal Writers Project, added additional papers (Zora Neale Hurston Papers, University of Florida Smathers Libraries, August 2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "The Zora Neale Hurston House in Fort Pierce has been designated as a National Historic Landmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "'Jumpin' at the Sun': Reassessing the Life and Work of Zora Neale Hurston focused on her work and influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "It is home to the Zora Neale Hurston Museum of Fine Arts, and a library named for her opened in January 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Zora Neale Hurston on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Interest was revived in 1975 after author Alice Walker published an article, \"In Search of Zora Neale Hurston\", in the March issue of Ms. magazine that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | 1930s",
"text": "During the 1930s, Zora Neale Hurston produced two other musical revues, From Sun to Sun, which was a revised adaptation of The Great Day, and Singing Steel."
}
] |
Zora Neale Hurston was a French writer.
| 2 | 8 |
Zora Neale Hurston
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Decline | Conversion of faith",
"text": "Historians suspect a connection with the kings' adoption of Theravada Buddhism: they were therefore no longer considered \"devarajas\", and there was no need to erect huge temples to them, or rather to the gods under whose protection they stood."
}
] |
LCqz7coUBXZdmxgyHzfk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Golden age of Khmer Civilization | Jayavarman VIII – the last blooming",
"text": "In contrast to his predecessors, Jayavarman VIII was a follower of Hindu Shaivism and an aggressive opponent of Buddhism, destroying many Buddha statues in the empire and converting Buddhist temples to Hindu temples."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations with regional powers",
"text": "This record describes the political situations in Mainland Southeast Asia in the mid-14th century; although the Cambodian kingdom still survived, the rise of Siamese Ayutthaya had taken its toll."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and growth | Yasodharapura – the first city of Angkor",
"text": "This eventually led to the Chola Empire coming into conflict with the Srivijaya Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Angkor: Heart of an Asian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and growth | Yasodharapura – the first city of Angkor",
"text": "The war ended with a victory for the Chola dynasty and of the Khmer Empire, and major losses for the Srivijaya Empire and the Tambralinga kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Khmer Empire (; Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ Anachak Khmer), also known as the Angkor Empire (Khmer: The Khmer Empire (; Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ Anachak Khmer), also known as the Angkor Empire (Khmer: អាណាចក្រអង្គរ: Anachak Angkor), the predecessor state to modern Cambodia (\"Kampuchea\" or \"Srok Khmer\" to the Khmer people), was a Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The empire ended with the fall of Angkor in the 15th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations with regional powers",
"text": "During the formation of the empire, the Khmer had close cultural, political, and trade relations with Java and with the Srivijaya empire that lay beyond Khmer's southern seas."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Golden age of Khmer Civilization | Jayavarman VII – Angkor Thom",
"text": "He unified the empire and carried out noteworthy building projects."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline | Foreign pressure",
"text": "The empire focused more on regional trade after the first drought."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline | Conversion of faith",
"text": "Historians suspect a connection with the kings' adoption of Theravada Buddhism: they were therefore no longer considered \"devarajas\", and there was no need to erect huge temples to them, or rather to the gods under whose protection they stood."
}
] |
The Empire converted to Catholicism in the mid 1300s.
| 3 | 6 |
Khmer Empire
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Defensively, Speaker was involved in 12 double plays, leading the league's outfielders, and had a .973 fielding percentage, third among outfielders."
}
] |
LDPWI3RXq1k0tREMS77E
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "The Red Sox won the game in the bottom of the tenth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Traded to the Indians",
"text": "Speaker hit over .350 in nine of his eleven years with Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1915, Speaker's batting average dropped to .322 from .338 the previous season; he was traded to the Cleveland Indians when he refused to take a pay cut."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Harry Hooper and I would watch him and know how to play the hitters.\" Immediately after Speaker's death, the baseball field at the city park in Cleburne, Texas, was renamed in honor of Speaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Yarosz defeated Jimmy Reeves in ten rounds and the fight attracted over 8,300 spectators."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Traded to the Indians",
"text": "Cobb had won the previous nine consecutive AL batting titles; Speaker outhit him with a .386 batting average compared to Cobb's .371.The center field fence at Cleveland's Dunn Field was 460 feet (140 m) from home plate until it was shortened to 420 feet (130 m) in 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "In Fenway Park's first game, Speaker drove in the winning run in the 11th inning, giving Boston the 7–6 win."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Speaker's best season came in 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After Speaker's death, Cobb said, \"Terribly depressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His fielding glove was known as the place \"where triples go to die.\"After"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Defensively, Speaker was involved in 12 double plays, leading the league's outfielders, and had a .973 fielding percentage, third among outfielders."
}
] |
Speaker's average in the field was over .900.
| 2 | 5 |
Tris Speaker
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "He added that the film accurately depicted his wardrobe, saying, \"It's interesting the stuff that they focused on getting right—like every single shirt and fleece they had in that movie is actually a shirt or fleece that I own."
}
] |
LDx7EQd88rczrkEjofdz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "At the end of the day, they cannot help but portray him as the driven, forward-thinking genius that he is."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The trio invites Zuckerberg to work on Harvard Connection, a social network exclusive to Harvard students and aimed at dating."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Zuckerberg approaches his friend Eduardo Saverin with an idea for Thefacebook, a social networking website that would be exclusive to Ivy League students."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Since its release, The Social Network has been cited as inspiring involvement in start-ups and social media."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The Social Network is the biggest relief I've ever had in a movie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "But I won't be seeing The Social Network to find out."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Social Network was praised for its direction, screenplay, acting, editing, and score."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Absolutely not—the code for Facebook was his, and the \"idea\" of a social network is not a patent."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Out of the films of 2010, The Social Network appeared on the most top-ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The Social Network was released on DVD and Blu-ray January 11, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "He added that the film accurately depicted his wardrobe, saying, \"It's interesting the stuff that they focused on getting right—like every single shirt and fleece they had in that movie is actually a shirt or fleece that I own."
}
] |
Zuckerberg thinks The Social Network, was inaccurate in his character's wardrobe.
| 0 | 4 |
The Social Network
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Rookie year",
"text": "He finished with a .318 batting average and 61 RBI in his rookie season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball between 1932 and 1948 for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Brooklyn Dodgers, primarily as a shortstop."
}
] |
LEBkCWyfqjDn1wZxkUJ9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Brooklyn Dodgers | Comeback",
"text": "He played in his only World Series that season, which the Dodgers lost to the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Brooklyn Dodgers | Comeback",
"text": "He played the 1949 season with Pacific Coast League's San Francisco Seals before retiring for good."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball between 1932 and 1948 for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Brooklyn Dodgers, primarily as a shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Brooklyn Dodgers | Comeback",
"text": "Serving as something of a utility player, Vaughan played in 64 games and batted .325."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Rookie year",
"text": "Vaughan, who was the youngest player in the National League in 1932, wound up playing 129 games overall that year, all but one at shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | 1935",
"text": "In 1935, Vaughan had what is universally recognized as his best season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Establishing himself",
"text": "Improving on almost all of his offensive statistics, Vaughan played in 152 games, batting .314 with 97 RBI, seventh- and fifth-best in the NL respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Brooklyn Dodgers | Comeback",
"text": "After Durocher was suspended before the 1947 season, Vaughan decided to try a comeback."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Brooklyn Dodgers | Clash of personalities",
"text": "After Vaughan's display, only two players were willing to play for Durocher that day, but upper management intervened."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Rookie year",
"text": "Vaughan began the 1932 season as the backup to the Pirates' starting shortstop, Tommy Thevenow."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Rookie year",
"text": "He finished with a .318 batting average and 61 RBI in his rookie season."
}
] |
Vaughan played 3 seasons for the Baltimore Orioles.
| 0 | 3 |
Arky Vaughan
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Walking Dead is mostly filmed in Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Since 2002, the state has offered a tax incentive for large film productions to drive producers to the state and bolster its economy."
}
] |
LFAfpsC4Lo4w9B1PYuRg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": ", The Walking Dead's fifth season continues to deliver top-notch entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "\" Metacritic scored the sixth season 79/100 based on 10 critic reviews, nine of which were positive, one mixed, and none negative."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "\" Metacritic scored the ninth season 72/100 based on 4 critic reviews, 3 of which were positive, one mixed, and none negative."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Production design is done by Greg Melton and Alex Hajdu."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Talking Dead",
"text": "A live television aftershow titled Talking Dead premiered on AMC on October 16, 2011, following the encore presentation of The Walking Dead's second-season premiere."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters | Darabont connections",
"text": "It was planned that Witwer (Private Jessup in Darabont's The Mist) would reprise his \"Days Gone Bye\" role in the original conception of The Walking Dead's second-season premiere and in a webisode, but both plans were discarded."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Films",
"text": "\"The End of Everything\" from Fear the Walking Dead, and the teenagers in World Beyond will be from one of the communities set up by the Three Rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Since 2002, the state has offered a tax incentive for large film productions to drive producers to the state and bolster its economy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "The site's consensus states \" The Walking Dead's eighth season energizes its characters with some much-needed angst and action, though it's still occasionally choppy and lacking forward-moving plot progression."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 4 (2013–14)",
"text": "One by one, they reunite at Terminus, but all the group are captured for some unknown purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Walking Dead is mostly filmed in Georgia."
}
] |
The Walking Dead's done where it is based on taxes.
| 2 | 5 |
The Walking Dead (TV series)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Eben then unloads his hate for his father because Eben blames him for his mother's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "However, as soon as Eben leaves the room, they decide to stop working the farm."
}
] |
LFeWMFwvD5OMe4fzajLq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Eben becomes convinced that Abbie has been using him and confronts her about it once Ephraim goes inside and Abbie comes out."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "His face is well-formed, good-looking, but its expression is resentful and defensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Ephraim goes outside for air, and with a feeling that something's not at rest, goes to sleep with the cows."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "He is now gentle and is coming around to the idea of Eben owning the farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Eben comes back and professes that he still loves her but that he told the sheriff."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The following descriptions are taken from the text of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Abbie comes downstairs and tells him what she has done to prove she loves him and wasn't lying."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Abbie then goes to Eben's room and kisses him."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "She promises that there is and Eben goes inside to get drunk."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Act 1, Scene 3 Eben comes home late and wakes his brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Eben then unloads his hate for his father because Eben blames him for his mother's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "However, as soon as Eben leaves the room, they decide to stop working the farm."
}
] |
The play is about a boy whom goes hunting in the woods and comes upon a goddess in animal form.
| 0 | 0 |
Desire Under the Elms
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "At the urging of his wife, Peggy Harper, Simon called Davis to confirm the duo's breakup."
}
] |
LFimOMuZPP7iBVffUJXm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Studio time and low profile (1967–68)",
"text": "Prior to release, the band helped put together and performed at the Monterey Pop Festival, which signaled the beginning of the Summer of Love on the West Coast."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "The concert created a renewed interest in Simon & Garfunkel's work."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "The recording of Bridge over Troubled Water was difficult and Simon and Garfunkel's relationship had deteriorated."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Studio time and low profile (1967–68)",
"text": "Simon & Garfunkel's fourth studio album, Bookends, was recorded in fits and starts from late 1966 to early 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "History | From Tom & Jerry and early recordings (1957–64)",
"text": "Simon & Garfunkel's debut studio album, Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M., produced by Wilson, was recorded over three sessions in March 1964 and released in October."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Studio time and low profile (1967–68)",
"text": "Garfunkel's songs and voice took a lead role on some of the songs, and the harmonies for which the duo was known gradually disappeared."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "Over the course of their career, Simon & Garfunkel's music gradually moved from a basic folk rock sound to incorporate more experimental elements for the time, including Latin and gospel music."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "Old tensions appeared to dissipate upon Garfunkel's return to New York in 1978, when the duo began interacting more often."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Growing apart and final album (1969–70)",
"text": "Bridge over Troubled Water, Simon & Garfunkel's final studio album, was released in January 1970 and charted in over 11 countries, topping the charts in 10, including the Billboard Top LP's chart in the US and the UK Albums Chart."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "For the rest of the year, they attempted to make the reunion work, but their collaboration only yielded one song, \"My Little Town\", that was featured on Simon's Still Crazy After All These Years and Garfunkel's Breakaway, both released in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "At the urging of his wife, Peggy Harper, Simon called Davis to confirm the duo's breakup."
}
] |
The band broke-up because Simon had been sleeping with Garfunkel's girlfriend.
| 2 | 2 |
Simon & Garfunkel
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The cause of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood."
}
] |
LG9r1ryGg3L5RAldxW1C
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Management | Medications",
"text": "Reduction in the activity of the cholinergic neurons is a well-known feature of Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The cause of Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes | Genetic",
"text": "This form of the disease is known as early onset familial Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes | Osaka mutation",
"text": "This mutation is known as the Osaka mutation."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes | Genetic",
"text": "The best known genetic risk factor is the inheritance of the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE)."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes",
"text": "Several competing hypotheses exist trying to explain the cause of the disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Diagnosis | Techniques",
"text": "Caregivers can supply important information on the daily living abilities, as well as on the decrease, over time, of the person's mental function."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes | Other hypotheses",
"text": "Reisberg developed the caregiving assessment tool known as \"FAST\" (Functional Assessment Staging Tool) which he says allows those caring for people with AD to identify the stages of disease progression and that provides advice about the kind of care needed at each stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Pathophysiology | Disease mechanism",
"text": "Exactly how disturbances of production and aggregation of the beta-amyloid peptide give rise to the pathology of AD is not known."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Caregiving burden",
"text": "Alzheimer's disease is known for placing a great burden on caregivers which includes social, psychological, physical or economic aspects."
}
] |
The cause of the disease is well known and understood by neurologists.
| 0 | 0 |
Alzheimer's disease
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Early endorsements (2010–2013)",
"text": "In April 2011, Kardashian released her third fragrance \"Gold\"."
}
] |
LGTd28BlEtozwLs4qhe5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough with reality television (2006–2009)",
"text": "In one of the episodes, Kim discussed an offer from Playboy to appear nude in the magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Focus on social media (2014–present)",
"text": "Kim Kardashian's ass is nothing but an empty promise.\" However, the stunt \"set a new benchmark\" in social media response, and Paper's website received 15.9 million views in one day, compared with 25,000 views on an average day."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early endorsements (2010–2013)",
"text": "When asked if an album was in the works, Kardashian replied, \"There's no album in the works or anything—just one song we did for Kourtney and Kim"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early endorsements (2010–2013)",
"text": "Animal rights organization PETA criticized Kardashian for repeatedly wearing fur coats, and named her as one of the five worst people or organizations of 2010 when it came to animal welfare."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Simpson is Kardashian's godfather."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kardashian's father died in 2003 of cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has released a variety of products tied to her name, including the 2014 mobile game Kim Kardashian: Hollywood, a variety of clothing and products, the 2015 photo book Selfish and her eponymous personal app."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "but the name was changed due to immediate backlash."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Reception to product range",
"text": "She later replaced the shapewear company to the name Skims."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion",
"text": "Psalm was given the Armenian name Vardan, Chicago—Ashkhen and Saint—Grigor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early endorsements (2010–2013)",
"text": "In April 2011, Kardashian released her third fragrance \"Gold\"."
}
] |
One of Kim Kardashian's perfumes is named after a precious metal.
| 0 | 0 |
Kim Kardashian
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The club was founded in 1884 as Leicester Fosse F.C., playing on a field near Fosse Road."
}
] |
LGYZbU5gXVoSJVOBEgLL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Home stadium",
"text": "In 2015, vice-chairman Aiyawatt Srivaddhanaprabha stated plans were in place to increase the capacity of the stadium to around 42,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Records and statistics",
"text": "The record transfer fee paid by Leicester for a player was around £40 million for Monaco midfielder Youri Tielemans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline in the early 21st century (2000–2008)",
"text": "In October 2006, ex-Portsmouth chairman Milan Mandarić was quoted as saying he was interested in buying the club, reportedly at a price of around £6 million, with the current playing squad valued at roughly £4.2 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Home stadium",
"text": "The stadium was originally named The Walkers Stadium in a deal with food manufacturers Walkers, whose brand logo can still be found in some areas around the outside of the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leicester City Football Club is an English professional football club based in Leicester in the East Midlands."
},
{
"section_header": "Crest and colours",
"text": "\"The Foxes\" is the most common nickname for the club."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding and early years (1884–1949)",
"text": "The club was reformed as \"Leicester City Football Club\", particularly appropriate as the borough of Leicester had recently been given city status."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Premier League champions (2015–16)",
"text": "Several commentators have viewed it as an inspiration to other clubs and fundamentally transforming the expectations similar sized clubs face in English football."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Third tier to Premier League and takeover (2008–2015)",
"text": "Mandarić, an investor in AFI, was retained as club chairman."
},
{
"section_header": "Crest and colours",
"text": "The club mascot is a character called \"Filbert Fox\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The club was founded in 1884 as Leicester Fosse F.C., playing on a field near Fosse Road."
}
] |
The club has been around since the 1800s.
| 0 | 0 |
Leicester City F.C.
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "He writes that in comparison to himself, Chekhov was \"more of a fatalist, had no faith in these charming people extricating themselves."
}
] |
LGuwPI7j1TdBbprJ2BYl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Society",
"text": "Each character in the house represents to some degree a facet of Edwardian British society, Mangan being the nouveau riche capitalist,"
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "In the preface to the play Shaw acknowledges his debt to Chekhov, in particular to The Cherry Orchard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heartbreak House: A Fantasia in the Russian Manner on English Themes is a play written by George Bernard Shaw, first published in 1919 and first played at the Garrick Theatre in November 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "He writes that in comparison to himself, Chekhov was \"more of a fatalist, had no faith in these charming people extricating themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "But this is to ignore the fact that Chekhov himself found the lack of commitment in contemporary writing its greatest failure and contemporary nihilism the age's bane."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Play in performance",
"text": "The self-indulgence and lack of understanding of the high-class characters are central issues in British society at the time that the play illuminates."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "Shaw knew that Captain Shotover, his spokesman in the play, must first of all, like Coleridge's Ancient Mariner, hold his audience spellbound if he was to strike home with his message."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation to Chekhov",
"text": "\" The result is Chekhov reorchestrated, so to speak, with tubas and drums added, to allow for the playing of a Dies Irae at the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Play in performance",
"text": "A major Broadway revival was mounted in 1984, with an all star cast headed by Sir Rex Harrison as Shotover (a role for which he was nominated for a Tony), and featuring Amy Irving, Rosemary Harris, Dana Ivey, George N. Martin and Tom Aldredge."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Play in performance",
"text": "Edith Evans played Lady Utterword."
}
] |
George Shaw stated his play was indebted Chekhov in writing this play and the society it represents.
| 2 | 4 |
Heartbreak House
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity."
}
] |
LGvfyKXuIWR7vJLfXQlR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups and languages",
"text": "Of these, Javanese is the most widely spoken."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "It later became widely used in several countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The natives of the Indonesian archipelago originally practised indigenous animism and dynamism, beliefs that are common to Austronesian people."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Another fermented food is oncom, similar in some ways to tempeh but uses a variety of bases (not only soy), created by different fungi, and particularly popular in West Java."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "It helps to supply water to Jakarta and to irrigate 240,000 ha (590,000 acres) of rice fields and has an installed capacity of 186.5 MW which feeds into the Java grid managed by the State Electricity Company (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, PLN)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "As of 2019, 9.41% of the population lived below the poverty line, and the official open unemployment rate was 5.28%.Indonesia has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, coal, tin, copper, gold, and nickel, while agriculture produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices, and rubber."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "Dirgantara Indonesia), Indonesia has provided components for Boeing and Airbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "Indonesia has several levels of subdivisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Indonesia ( (listen) IN-də-NEE-zhə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia [reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia] (listen)), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian and Pacific oceans."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity."
}
] |
Indonesia has a wide variety of animals and plants.
| 0 | 0 |
Indonesia
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received numerous accolades; at the 74th Academy Awards, it was nominated for thirteen awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay,"
}
] |
LHLKxThKRyzduQnr3V7u
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In 2002, the film won four Academy Awards from thirteen nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received numerous accolades; at the 74th Academy Awards, it was nominated for thirteen awards, including Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film was nominated for an MTV Movie Award for Best Fight between Gandalf and Saruman."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It also won Empire readers' Best Film award, as well as five BAFTAs, including Best Film, the David Lean Award for Best Direction, the Audience Award (voted for by the public), Best Special Effects, and Best Make-up."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Fellowship of the Ring was released on 19 December 2001 in 3,359 cinemas where it grossed $47.2 million on its opening weekend."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film won the 2002 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is the first instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critics consensus reads, \"Full of eye-popping special effects, and featuring a pitch-perfect cast, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring brings J.R.R. Tolkien's classic to vivid life."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Score",
"text": "The musical score for The Lord of the Rings films was composed by Howard Shore."
}
] |
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is the winner of four Academy Awards from thirteen nominations during the 73rd Academy Awards in 2001.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey, the only child of Italian immigrants Natalina \"Dolly\" Garaventa and Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra."
}
] |
LHLZaCsLRsAAEUEDVu9G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | Later career (1982–1998)",
"text": "According to Kelley, the family detested her and the book, which took its toll on Sinatra's health."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sinatra's fourth wife Barbara would later claim that Dolly was abusive to him as a child, and \"knocked him around a lot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sinatra's maternal uncle, Domenico, gave him a ukulele for his 15th birthday, and he began performing at family gatherings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Excessively thin and small as a child and young man, Sinatra's skinny frame later became a staple of jokes during stage shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey, the only child of Italian immigrants Natalina \"Dolly\" Garaventa and Antonino Martino \"Marty\" Sinatra."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "Other buildings named for Sinatra include the Frank Sinatra School of the Arts in Astoria, Queens, the Frank Sinatra International Student Center at Israel's Hebrew University in Jerusalem dedicated in 1978, and the Frank Sinatra Hall at the USC School of Cinematic Arts in Los Angeles, California, dedicated in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He released his debut album, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, in 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Alleged organized-crime links and Cal Neva Lodge",
"text": "In his early days, Willie Moretti, Sinatra's godfather and notorious underboss of the Genovese crime family, helped him for kickbacks and was reported to have intervened in releasing him from his contract with Tommy Dorsey."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | Reprise years (1961–1981) | \"Retirement\" and return (1970–1981)",
"text": "The television special, Magnavox Presents Frank Sinatra, reunited Sinatra with Gene Kelly."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | Columbia years and career slump (1946–1952)",
"text": "Sinatra would later feature a number of the Sing and Dance with Frank Sinatra album's songs, including \"Lover\","
}
] |
Frank Sinatra was the youngest child in his family.
| 2 | 3 |
Frank Sinatra
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Additional construction and renovations | Pedestrian bridge",
"text": "The bridge was completed in January 2019 at a cost of ~$33 million."
}
] |
LHulWBCP4MZnA1Hva09l
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Design | Amenities",
"text": "The former Georgia Dome site between the stadium and the Georgia World Congress Center was redeveloped as \"The Home Depot Backyard\"—an 11-acre (4.5 ha) green space used as a tailgating area."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "Under the stadium deal with the city of Atlanta and the Georgia World Congress Center Authority, the Falcons organization controls the stadium's naming rights and receives all related revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "2013.The city has agreed to contribute US$200 million in stadium bonds, but with additional tax revenues and with the state of Georgia contributing US$40 million for parking expansion, public spending is expected to eclipse US$700 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Additional construction and renovations | Pedestrian bridge",
"text": "The bridge connects gameday parking lots and the Vine City MARTA Station to the northwest side of the stadium and The Home Depot Backyard, allowing pedestrians to avoid crossing the busy, 6 lane Northside Drive."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Additional construction and renovations | Pedestrian bridge",
"text": "Critics argue the original projects would have accomplished more and served more people."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "The stadium was initially slated to cost US$1 billion, then rose to US$1.2 billion in October"
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "In December 2014, the Georgia World Congress Center's board of governors approved a resolution to raise the cost of the stadium to US$1.2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Costs and funding",
"text": "In January 2015, the Falcons announced the sale of personal seat licenses (PSL) costing up to US$45,000 per seat, depending on the section of the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Additional construction and renovations",
"text": "Hoping to address concerns of overcrowding at the ingress and egress areas of the stadium, stadium officials announced that they plan to add several more doors to the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning",
"text": "The proposed location of the new stadium is a large parking lot in Atlanta's Vine City neighborhood, which is less than a mile north of the Georgia Dome's current location."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Additional construction and renovations | Pedestrian bridge",
"text": "The bridge was completed in January 2019 at a cost of ~$33 million."
}
] |
The elevated path between the car lot of the Mercedes-Benz Stadium, and a nearby public transit center costs more than most people's homes.
| 0 | 0 |
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demography | Population",
"text": "England taken as a unit and measured against international states has the fourth largest population in the European Union and would be the 25th largest country by population in the world."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demography | Population",
"text": "With over 53 million inhabitants, England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom, accounting for 84% of the combined total."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Population",
"text": "England taken as a unit and measured against international states has the fourth largest population in the European Union and would be the 25th largest country by population in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | ReligionIn the 2011 census, 59.4% of the population of England specified their religion as Christian, 24.7% answered that they had no religion, 5% specified that they were Muslim, while 3.7% of the population belongs to other religions and 7.2% did not give an answer. Christianity is the most widely practised religion in England, as it has been since the Early Middle Ages, although it was first introduced much earlier in Gaelic and Roman times. This Celtic Church was gradually joined to the Catholic hierarchy following the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by St Augustine. The established church of England is the Church of England, which left communion with Rome in the 1530s when Henry VIII was unable to annul his marriage to the aunt of the king of Spain. The church regards itself as both Catholic and Protestant.There are High Church and Low Church traditions and some Anglicans regard themselves as Anglo-Catholics, following the Tractarian movement. The monarch of the United Kingdom is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, which has around 26 million baptised members (of whom the vast majority are not regular churchgoers). It forms part of the Anglican Communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury acting as its symbolic worldwide head. Many cathedrals and parish churches are historic buildings of significant architectural importance, such as Westminster Abbey, York Minster, Durham Cathedral, and Salisbury Cathedral.",
"text": "Islam is the most common of these, now accounting for around 5% of the population in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Population",
"text": "By 1801, the population was 8.3 million, and by 1901 30.5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Population",
"text": "In 1086, when the Domesday Book was compiled, England had a population of two million."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Population",
"text": "With a density of 424 people per square kilometre, it would be the second most densely populated country in the European Union after Malta."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Major conurbations",
"text": "It is considered a global city and has a population larger than other countries in the United Kingdom besides England itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing artsThe traditional folk music of England is centuries old and has contributed to several genres prominently; mostly sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music. It has its own distinct variations and regional peculiarities. Wynkyn de Worde printed ballads of Robin Hood from the 16th century are an important artefact, as are John Playford's The Dancing Master and Robert Harley's Roxburghe Ballads collections. Some of the best-known songs are Greensleeves, Pastime with Good Company, Maggie May and Spanish Ladies amongst others. Many nursery rhymes are of English origin such as Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary, Roses are red, Jack and Jill, London Bridge Is Falling Down, The Grand Old Duke of York, Hey Diddle Diddle and Humpty Dumpty. Traditional English Christmas carols include \"We Wish You a Merry Christmas\", \"The First Noel\", “I Saw Three Ships” and \"God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen\".",
"text": "After the Notting Hill Carnival, it is the second-largest street festival in the United Kingdom attracting over 80,000 visitors from across the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Population",
"text": "The ONS has projected that the population will grow by nine million between 2014 and 2039.England contains one indigenous national minority, the Cornish people, recognised by the UK government under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in 2014."
}
] |
With over 53 million inhabitants, England is by far the most populous country of the United Kingdom, accounting for 84% of the combined total, making them the 25th largest country by population in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
England
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He and Young are the only pitchers to have won 400 games."
}
] |
LIXRdEu3QYQ7QxDizyKA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Three times, Johnson won the triple crown for pitchers (1913, 1918 and 1924)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He and Young are the only pitchers to have won 400 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He hit over .200 in 13 of his 21 seasons, hit three home runs in 1914, and hit 12 doubles and a triple in 130 at-bats in 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "As a right-handed pitcher for the Washington Nationals/Senators, Walter Johnson won 417 games, the second most by any pitcher in history (after Cy Young, who won 511)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson won 36 games in 1913, 40% of the team's total wins for the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the only pitcher in major league history to record over 400 wins and strike out over 3,500 batters."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "On September 4, 5 and 7, 1908, he shut out the New York Highlanders in three consecutive games."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson holds the record for most three-pitch innings by any major league pitcher with four."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In Johnson's first five seasons, Washington finished last twice and next-to-last three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "For the last game of the season, Griffith often treated the fans to a farce game."
}
] |
Walter Johnson won over three hundred games.
| 0 | 0 |
Walter Johnson
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Biak-na-Bato and exile",
"text": "On December 14–15, 1897, Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, under which Aguinaldo effectively agreed to end hostilities and dissolve his government in exchange for amnesty and \"₱800,000 (Mexican)\" (Aguinaldo's description of the $MXN800,000 amount) as an indemnity."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Tejeros Convention",
"text": "There The Republic of the Philippines was proclaimed, with Aguinaldo being elected as President, Mariano Trias as Vice-President, Artemio Ricarte as Captain-General, Emiliano Riego de Dios as the Director of War and Andres Bonifacio as Director of the Interior."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Assassination of Antonio Luna",
"text": "He staggered out into the plaza where Román and Rusca were rushing to his aid, but as he lay dying, they too were set upon and shot, with Román being killed and Rusca being severely wounded."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Spanish Cavite offensive and the Battle of Perez Dasmariñas",
"text": "The Filipinos' resistance was tenacious as ever, refusing to give ground but the far more disciplined Spaniards advanced steadily."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Retreat to Montalban",
"text": "In late May 1897, with good concealment of retreating soldiers, Aguinaldo, managed to evade the Spanish to establish a link up with Gen. Mamerto Natividad."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Biak-na-Bato and exile",
"text": "A constitution patterned closely after the Cuban Constitution was drawn up by Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Post-American era",
"text": "In 1950, President Elpidio Quirino appointed Aguinaldo as a member of the Philippine Council of State, where he served a full term."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Twin battles of Binakayan-Dalahican",
"text": "Apart from defending Binakayan, the Magdalo soldiers also kept the lower part of Dagatan up to Cavite's border near Morong province (now Rizal province)."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Biak-na-Bato and exile",
"text": "Aguinaldo was named president."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Post-American era",
"text": "On May 12, 1962, President Diosdado Macapagal changed the celebration of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12 in order to honor Aguinaldo and the Revolution of 1898 rather than the establishment of the Insular Government of the Philippine Islands by the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of the First Philippine Republic and Philippine-American War",
"text": "At the battle of Marilao river, the president himself led his forces to prevent American crossings."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Biak-na-Bato and exile",
"text": "On December 14–15, 1897, Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, under which Aguinaldo effectively agreed to end hostilities and dissolve his government in exchange for amnesty and \"₱800,000 (Mexican)\" (Aguinaldo's description of the $MXN800,000 amount) as an indemnity."
}
] |
Aguinaldo was willing to give up being president for money.
| 2 | 2 |
Emilio Aguinaldo
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Like his older brothers, Thome attended Limestone High School where he achieved all-state honors in basketball and as a baseball shortstop."
}
] |
LJ4dMndUvqtw3OujnrOi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Second stint with Philadelphia (2012)",
"text": "Thome started his first game at first base since 2007 on April 8, 2012, during which he started a 3–6–3 double play."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Defense",
"text": "Thome began his career playing third base and did so until the 1997 season, when he converted to first base to make room at third after the Indians traded for Matt Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Early in his career, Thome played third base, before eventually becoming a first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Indians (1991–2002) | 1991–1997",
"text": "Before their 1997 season, the Indians moved Thome, originally a third baseman, to first base after acquiring third baseman Matt Williams from the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Career legacy",
"text": "Soon after the announcement of his front office position (which signified the end of his playing career), writers began to speculate as to whether or not Thome would make it to the Baseball Hall of Fame, and more specifically, whether he would gain entrance in his first year of eligibility in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Defense",
"text": "By the end of Thome's career, his back prevented him from playing the field effectively – he played first base four times with the Phillies in 2012, which marked the first time he played the field since 2007 with the White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Indians (1991–2002) | 1991–1997",
"text": "Preceding the Indians' 1996 season, sportswriters predicted that Thome would be moved up in the batting order and bat in the sixth position (he had hit anywhere from the fifth to the eighth positions during his first two seasons)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, Thome was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Second stint with Philadelphia (2012)",
"text": "He also mentioned that, due to Ryan Howard's Achilles tendon injury, he would \"spend the offseason preparing himself to play first base once or twice a week\", despite not having played defensively since 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "On January 24, 2018, Thome was elected into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Like his older brothers, Thome attended Limestone High School where he achieved all-state honors in basketball and as a baseball shortstop."
}
] |
When Thome first started playing baseball, his position was third base.
| 0 | 0 |
Jim Thome
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Grease | Lawsuit against UMG",
"text": "In June 2006, Newton-John's company ON-J Productions Ltd filed a lawsuit against Universal Music Group (UMG) for $1 million in unpaid royalties from the Grease soundtrack."
}
] |
LJBnRushD3ZZU84jAX9c
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "The odds of beating a recurring cancer using the newest emerging therapies is a thousandfold greater than someone appearing out of the blue, buying your most famous and cherished icon, and returning it to you.\" Proceeds are being donated to cancer research facilities in Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grease",
"text": "Newton-John previewed some of the film's soundtrack during her second American network television special, Olivia, featuring guests ABBA and Andy Gibb."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "The sale raised $2.4 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grease",
"text": "The film's popularity has endured through the years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success",
"text": "In America, Newton-John's country success sparked a debate among purists, who took issue with a foreigner singing country-flavoured pop music being equated with native Nashville artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success",
"text": "\"Come on Over\" (1976) – 1 week"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New image",
"text": "Pop, No. 48 AC) and \"All Over the World\" (No. 13"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success | Lawsuit against MCA Records",
"text": "Newton-John sued for $10 million and claimed that MCA's failure to adequately promote and advertise her product freed her from their agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Motherhood, cancer and advocacy",
"text": "Proceeds from the album's sales benefited breast cancer research."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grease",
"text": "5 Pop, No. 21 AC) with John Travolta and the film's cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grease | Lawsuit against UMG",
"text": "In June 2006, Newton-John's company ON-J Productions Ltd filed a lawsuit against Universal Music Group (UMG) for $1 million in unpaid royalties from the Grease soundtrack."
}
] |
Olivia Newton-John sued over a not being properly compensated for recurring sales of a film's music.
| 2 | 4 |
Olivia Newton-John
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After working as a fashion model, Hayward traveled to Hollywood in 1937 to audition for the role of Scarlett O'Hara."
}
] |
LJIaAmUxVyDkGDFpQdcl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Susan Hayward (born Edythe Marrenner; June 30, 1917 – March 14, 1975) was an American actress and model."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Before her Catholic baptism, Hayward was a proponent of astrology."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak",
"text": "Susan Hayward performed in the musical biography of singer Jane Froman in the 1952 film, With a Song in My Heart, a role which won her the Golden Globe for Best Actress Comedy film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After working as a fashion model, Hayward traveled to Hollywood in 1937 to audition for the role of Scarlett O'Hara."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Susan Hayward has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6251 Hollywood Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak",
"text": "Hayward won a Best Actress Oscar for her portrayal of the real life death row inmate."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Warner Bros.",
"text": "Talent agent Max Arnow changed Marrenner's name to Susan Hayward once she started her six-month contract for $50 a week with Warner's."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | United Artists and Republic",
"text": "Hayward costarred in I Married a Witch (1942) with Fredric March and Veronica Lake, as the fiancé of Wallace Wooly (March) before Lake's witch appears in the 1940s from a Puritanical stake burning 300 years prior."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Susan Hayward was born Edythe Marrenner on June 30, 1917, in the Brooklyn borough of New York City, the youngest of three children to Ellen and Walter Marrenner."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She began her career as a model, traveling to Hollywood in 1937 to secure the role of Scarlett O'Hara in the successful film Gone with the Wind."
}
] |
Susan Hayward was a model before she was an actress.
| 0 | 0 |
Susan Hayward
|
Technology
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company initially focused on book sales, before expanding into other product categories such as consumer electronics, fashion, home essentials & groceries, and lifestyle products."
}
] |
LJXEDq4yTfR9ENMweuYH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company initially focused on online book sales with country-wide shipping."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company initially focused on book sales, before expanding into other product categories such as consumer electronics, fashion, home essentials & groceries, and lifestyle products."
},
{
"section_header": "Funding",
"text": "Flipkart's reported sales were ₹40 million (US$560,000) in FY 2008–2009, ₹200 million (US$2.8 million) in FY 2009–2010 and ₹750 million (US$11 million) for FY 2010–2011.Flipkart"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 2010, Flipkart acquired the Bangalore-based social book discovery service WeRead from Lulu.com."
},
{
"section_header": "Business structure",
"text": "In 2012, Flipkart co-founders sold WS Retail to a consortium of investors led by Rajeev Kuchhal."
},
{
"section_header": "Regulatory action and lawsuits",
"text": "On 30 November 2012, Flipkart's offices were raided by the Enforcement Directorate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Flipkart is significantly dominant in the sale of apparel (a position that was bolstered by its acquisition of Myntra), and was described as being \"neck and neck\" with Amazon in the sale of electronics and mobile phones."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In February 2012, the company unveiled its DRM-free online music store Flyte."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "In September 2015, the two founders entered Forbes India Rich List debuting at the 86th position with a net worth of $1.3 billion each."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In May 2014, Flipkart acquired Myntra, an online fashion retailer, for ₹20 billion (US$280 million)."
}
] |
In it's early stages, FlipKart's founders decided to focus on online book sales.
| 1 | 6 |
Flipkart
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Modernization of Japan",
"text": "In much the same way that Europeans used the \"backwardness\" of African and Asian nations as a reason for why they had to conquer them, for the Japanese elite the \"backwardness\" of China and Korea was proof of the inferiority of those nations, thus giving the Japanese the \"right\" to conquer them."
}
] |
LJZu8m6CeYU4Xry6OSMM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Modernization of Japan",
"text": "In the years 1869–73, the Seikanron (\"Conquer Korea Argument\") had bitterly divided the Japanese elite between one faction that wanted to conquer Korea immediately vs. another that wanted to wait until Japan was more modernized before embarking on a war to conquer Korea; significantly no one in the Japanese elite ever accepted the idea that the Koreans had the right to be independent, with only the question of timing dividing the two factions."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Modernization of Japan",
"text": "In much the same way that Europeans used the \"backwardness\" of African and Asian nations as a reason for why they had to conquer them, for the Japanese elite the \"backwardness\" of China and Korea was proof of the inferiority of those nations, thus giving the Japanese the \"right\" to conquer them."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Modernization of Japan",
"text": "The Meiji Restoration had been intended to make Japan a modernized state, not a Westernized one, and Japan was an imperialist power, looking towards overseas expansionism."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Modernization of Japan",
"text": "After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the Meiji government endeavored to assimilate Western ideas, technological advances and ways of warfare."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Sino-Japanese War (1894–95)",
"text": "Between the Meiji Restoration and its participation in World War I, the Empire of Japan fought in two significant wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Modernization of Japan",
"text": "The Japanese wanted to be recognized as equal with the Western powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace and aftermath | Political consequences",
"text": "Japan's prestige rose greatly as it came to be seen as a modern nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace and aftermath | Political consequences | Effects on Japan",
"text": "The Japanese had wanted reparations to help families recover from lost fathers and sons as well as heavy taxation from the government."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Pre-war negotiations",
"text": "One crucial error of Nicholas was his mismanagement of government."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign of 1904 | The fate of the civilians",
"text": "During the fighting in Manchuria, Russian troops looted and burned some Chinese villages, raped women and often killed those who resisted or did not understand what they wanted."
}
] |
After the Meiji restoration and Japan's modernization under those reforms the Conquer Korea Argument in the government had split the elite of the nation into two factions, one that wanted to move to conquer Korea and one that wanted to remain peaceful and not jump into wars needlessly.
| 0 | 6 |
Russo-Japanese War
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Charles Lindstrom (November 21, 1905 – October 4, 1981) was a National League baseball player with the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1924 until 1936."
}
] |
LJbte2Yg2CHA9Ho2hYnk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Former Giants teammates Terry and Frankie Frisch joined the Veterans Committee in 1967, and aided the elections of several of their former teammates, including Jesse Haines in 1970, Dave Bancroft and Chick Hafey in 1971, Ross Youngs in 1972, George Kelly in 1973, Jim Bottomley in 1974, and Lindstrom in 1976.Lindstrom's selection, along with some of the other selections made by Terry and Frisch,"
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "As late as 1935 while playing center field for the Chicago Cubs, his .427 batting average during a stretch of 21 consecutive victories was credited by such Chicago newsmen as John P. Carmichael and Warren Brown as the main factor in the Cubs’ drive for the NL championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He talked of Roush, Jackson, Terry and Hogan and then remarked decisively that Freddie Lindstrom was the cleverest of them all at the plate and the hardest man to fool in the clutch."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "A million-dollar infield,\" said writer Arnold Hano of the late-1920s Giant quartet."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "\" But a bad-hop bouncer over his head in the 12th inning of the seventh game gave the series to the Senators and became an enduring moment in baseball lore. \" So they won it,\" Lindstrom later recalled. \" (Giants pitcher) Jack Bentley, who was something of a philosopher, I think summed it up after the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Babe Ruth picked him as his NL all-star third baseman over Traynor for the decade leading up to the first inter-league All Star game in 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1930, Giants manager John McGraw ranked Lindstrom ninth among the top 20 players of the previous quarter century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern-day statistics guru Bill James, who rates Lindstrom No. 43 on his all-time third basemen list, placed him among the top three under-21 players at that position and called the 1927 Giant infield of Lindstrom, Hornsby, Travis Jackson and Bill Terry"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Charles Lindstrom (November 21, 1905 – October 4, 1981) was a National League baseball player with the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1924 until 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the decade's best. From his rookie season in 1924 through 1930 as a Giants third baseman, a span of seven years during which he batted .328 and played brilliantly in the field, Lindstrom seemed headed for a place among the game's all-time greatest players."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1976."
}
] |
Freddie Lindstrom was a NL player who joined Cooperstown in the late 1970s.
| 0 | 0 |
Freddie Lindstrom
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Terrence Malick told Affleck and Damon over dinner that the film ought to end with Will's decision to follow his girlfriend Skylar to California, not them leaving together."
}
] |
LJeV2GnlIF0F4xXegnf3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Goldman consistently denied the persistent rumor that he wrote Good Will Hunting or acted as a script doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Meanwhile, the homes of Will (190 West 6th Street) and Sean (259 E Street), while some distance apart in the movie, actually back up to each other on Bowen Street, the narrow street Chuckie drives down to walk up to Will's back door."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The musical score for Good Will Hunting was composed by Danny Elfman, who had previously collaborated with Gus Van Sant on To Die For and would go on to score many of the director's other films."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Owen Gleiberman, writing for Entertainment Weekly, gave the film a \"B\", stating \"Good Will Hunting is stuffed — indeed, overstuffed — with heart, soul, audacity, and blarney."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Andrew O'Hehir of Salon stated that despite the \"enjoyable characters\", he thought the film was somewhat superficial, writing \"there isn't a whole lot of movie to take home with you ... many will wake the next morning wondering why, with all that talent on hand, it amounts to so little in the end\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Twenty-year-old Will Hunting (Matt Damon) of South Boston is a self-taught genius, though he works as a janitor at MIT and spends his free time drinking with his friends Chuckie, Billy, and Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver, and Stellan Skarsgård."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": ", it's a movie whose impact lingers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The classroom scenes were filmed at McLennan Physical Laboratories (of the University of Toronto) and Central Technical School."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"It follows a predictable narrative arc, but Good Will Hunting adds enough quirks to the journey – and is loaded with enough powerful performances – that it remains an entertaining, emotionally rich drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Terrence Malick told Affleck and Damon over dinner that the film ought to end with Will's decision to follow his girlfriend Skylar to California, not them leaving together."
}
] |
The movie Good Will Hunting is about a 20-year-old genius who ends up marrying his high school sweetheart.
| 2 | 8 |
Good Will Hunting
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president."
}
] |
LJip1vVJyIz1XNJesgxc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Retrieved December 2, 2012. \"Use of the Period After the \"S\" in Harry S. Truman's Name\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman\". The Examiner."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman Library & Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman Library & Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman Library & Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman Library & Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman Library & Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman Library & Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman Library & Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Harry S. Truman Library & Museum",
"text": "Harry S. Truman Library & Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as vice president."
}
] |
Harry S. Truman was U.S. President after Marshall.
| 0 | 0 |
Harry S. Truman
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Born in Burlington Flats, New York, Hulbert moved with his family to Chicago two years later where he lived the rest of his life save for a stint at Beloit College beginning in 1847."
}
] |
LJjPYQ0PPslQOssQmREn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "A backer of the Chicago White Stockings baseball club of the National Association from its inception in 1871, Hulbert became an officer of the club in 1874 when it resumed play after being forced to sit out two seasons due to the Great Chicago Fire and assumed the presidency the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Born in Burlington Flats, New York, Hulbert moved with his family to Chicago two years later where he lived the rest of his life save for a stint at Beloit College beginning in 1847."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Ambrose Hulbert (October 23, 1832 – April 10, 1882) was one of the founders of the National League, recognized as baseball's first major league, and was also the president of the Chicago White Stockings franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "When he returned to Chicago from school, he married into the family of a successful grocer and expanded the business into the coal trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The Association Judiciary committee originally awarded Force to Chicago, but at a second meeting in early 1875, after a Philadelphia man had been elected president of the association, the decision was reversed."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "native and star Boston pitcher Al Spalding to sign with Chicago for the 1876 season and also signed Boston stars Cal McVey, Deacon White, and Ross Barnes and Philadelphia stars Cap Anson and Ezra Sutton, though Sutton later backed out of his deal."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The Veterans Committee finally enshrined Hulbert in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In December, Force signed a second contract with the Philadelphia Athletics, and Hulbert protested."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Hulbert is buried in Graceland Cemetery under a grave marker designed to look like a baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "When he did not show up, Hulbert was elected the new president, retaining his presidency of the White Stockings as well."
}
] |
Hulbert spent most of his days residing in Chicago.
| 2 | 4 |
William Hulbert
|
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