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History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. January 29, 1736] – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He authored Common Sense (1776) and The American Crisis (1776–1783), the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, and helped inspire the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On the morning of June 8, 1809, Paine died, aged 72, at 59 Grove Street in Greenwich Village, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. January 29, 1736] – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He authored Common Sense (1776) and The American Crisis (1776–1783), the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, and helped inspire the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution | Common Sense (1776)",
"text": "He synthesized various philosophical and political uses of the term in a way that permanently impacted American political thought."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution | Foreign affairs",
"text": "Eventually, after much pleading from Paine, New York State recognized his political services by presenting him with an estate at New Rochelle, New York and Paine received money from Pennsylvania and from Congress at Washington's suggestion."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "In New York City, the Thomas Paine Park is marked by a fountain called The Triumph of the Human Spirit."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution | Funding the Revolution",
"text": "Paine bought his only house in 1783 on the corner of Farnsworth Avenue and Church Streets in Bordentown City, New Jersey and he lived in it periodically until his death in 1809."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution | Common Sense (1776)",
"text": "The pamphlet came into circulation in January 1776, after the Revolution had started."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution | Funding the Revolution",
"text": "He then released a pamphlet on August 20 called Prospects on the Rubicon: or, an investigation into the Causes and Consequences of the Politics to be Agitated at the Meeting of Parliament."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "It was not the British defeat at Yorktown, But Paine and the new American conception of political society he did so much to popularize in Europe that turned the world upside down."
}
] |
Thomas Paine was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary that authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, died, aged 72, at 59 Grove Street in Greenwich Village, New York City.
| 0 | 0 |
Thomas Paine
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball, most notably for the San Francisco Giants."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Juan Antonio Marichal Sánchez (born October 20, 1937) (nicknamed The Dominican Dandy) is a Dominican former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the time, there were no players from the Dominican Republic in Major League Baseball, and his goal was viewed to be unrealistic."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked #71 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball, most notably for the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From the age of six, Marichal aspired to become a professional baseball player, but his mother discouraged this, instead urging him to get an education."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Marichal won more games during the decade of the 1960s (191) than any other major league pitcher, but did not receive any votes for the Cy Young Award until 1970, when baseball writers started voting for the top three pitchers in each league rather than one per league (or, until 1967, only the top pitcher in MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | The Greatest Game Ever Pitched",
"text": "By coincidence, future Major League Baseball commissioner Bud Selig attended the game as a fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Marichal entered the major leagues on July 19, 1960 with the San Francisco Giants as the second native pitcher to come from the Dominican Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Ramfis was the primary sponsor of the Dominican Air Force Baseball Team (Aviación Dominicana), against which Marichal pitched a 2–1 victory game in his native Monte Cristi."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He and Sandy Koufax were the only two Major League pitchers in the post-war era (1946–present) to have more than one season of 25 or more wins; both pitchers had three such seasons in their careers."
}
] |
Juan Marichal is a Dominican former professional baseball player who played as a right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball,
| 0 | 0 |
Juan Marichal
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story concerns Lady Windermere, who suspects that her husband is having an affair with another woman."
}
] |
LKv0elmWtY2H7nE2Dbo4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan. published in The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Films include: A 1916 British film Lady Windermere's Fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lady Windermere's Fan, A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first performed on Saturday, 20 February 1892, at the St James's Theatre in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act IV",
"text": "More recently, using the assumed name of Mrs Erlynne, she has begun blackmailing Lord Windermere to regain her lifestyle and status, by threatening to reveal her true identity as Lady Windermere's shameful mother—not dead, as Lady Windermere believes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act III",
"text": "One of them takes notice of a fan lying on a table (Lady Windermere's) and presumes that Lord Darlington presently has a woman visiting."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1935 German film Lady Windermere's Fan directed by Heinz Hilpert and starring Lil Dagover and Walter Rilla"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Peter Raby has also highlighted Lady Windermere's Fan as a good example of Wilde's most successful dramatic technique: the juxtaposition of the comic and the serious."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Wilde's huge popularity as a playwright began with his production of Lady Windermere's Fan, his recherché attitude and personal aesthetics reflected in his writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1925 silent film, Lady Windermere's Fan, which stars Ronald Colman, May McAvoy, Bert Lytell, Irene Rich and Edward Martindel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story concerns Lady Windermere, who suspects that her husband is having an affair with another woman."
}
] |
Lady Windermere's Fan is a play about mistaken identity.
| 0 | 0 |
Lady Windermere's Fan
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some believe that it refers to Michel Foucault, noting Eco's friendship with the French philosopher, but the author \"specifically rejects any intentional reference to Michel Foucault\"—this is regarded as one of his subtle literary jokes."
}
] |
LL91VeeHOFeakD8jN5K9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel ends with Casaubon meditating on the events of the book, apparently resigned to the idea that the Tres will capture him soon, and he will follow Belbo's lead and tell them nothing."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Societies in the novel",
"text": "The following list among the groups that appear in Foucault's Pendulum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foucault's Pendulum (original title: Il pendolo di Foucault"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Believing Agliè and his associates intend to meet at the museum where Foucault's Pendulum is housed, Casaubon follows them to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Belbo's writings are a recurrent theme throughout the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Casaubon sees several ectoplasmic forms appear, one of which claims to be the real Comte de Saint-Germain and discredits Agliè in front of his followers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The pendulum of the title refers to an actual pendulum designed by French physicist Léon Foucault to demonstrate Earth's rotation, which has symbolic significance within the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "Eco does so, however, from a much more critical perspective; Foucault is more a satire on the futility of conspiracy theories and those who believe them, rather than an attempt to proliferate such beliefs."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "George Johnson wrote on the similarity of the two books that \"both works were written tongue in cheek, with a high sense of irony.\" Both books are divided into ten segments represented by the ten Sefiroth."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The entire book is narrated in first person by Casaubon, with brief interludes from the files on Abulafia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some believe that it refers to Michel Foucault, noting Eco's friendship with the French philosopher, but the author \"specifically rejects any intentional reference to Michel Foucault\"—this is regarded as one of his subtle literary jokes."
}
] |
The book follows the life of the famous thinker Foucault.
| 0 | 0 |
Foucault's Pendulum
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Allusions and references",
"text": "The opening epigraph quotes \"Le Refus\" (1831) by the French songwriter Pierre-Jean de Béranger, translated to English as \"his heart is a suspended lute, as soon as it is touched, it resounds\"."
}
] |
LLbc3OTtbgHLo6bi38gX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "In filmLa Chute de la maison Usher is a 1928 silent French horror film directed by Jean Epstein starring Marguerite Gance, Jean Debucourt, and Charles Lamy."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Allusions and references",
"text": "The opening epigraph quotes \"Le Refus\" (1831) by the French songwriter Pierre-Jean de Béranger, translated to English as \"his heart is a suspended lute, as soon as it is touched, it resounds\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "\"The Fall of the House of Usher\" was first published in September 1839 in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "It contains Poe's poem \"The Haunted Palace\", which earlierwas published separately in the April 1839 issue of Baltimore Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "A second silent film version, also released in 1928, was directed by James Sibley Watson and Melville Webber."
},
{
"section_header": "Character descriptions | Madeline Usher",
"text": "Madeline does not appear until she is summoned through her brother's fear, foreshadowed in the epigraph, with a quote from French poet Pierre-Jean de Béranger: \"Son cœur est un luth suspendu; / Sitôt qu'on le touche il résonne\", meaning \"His heart is a tightened lute; as soon as one touches it, it echoes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "The Fall of the House of Usher (2015), narrated by Christopher Lee, is an animated short film which is part of Extraordinary Tales."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "In theater, animation and musicFrom 1908 to 1917, French composer Claude Debussy worked on an opera titled La chute de la maison Usher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Fall of the House of Usher\" is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1839 in Burton's Gentleman's Magazine, then included in the collection Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque in 1840."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "L. Sprague de Camp in his Lovecraft: A Biography wrote that \"[a]ccording to the late [Poe expert] Thomas O. Mabbott, [[H.P. Lovecraft], in 'Supernatural Horror', solved a problem in the interpretation of Poe\" by arguing that \"Roderick Usher, his sister Madeline, and the house all shared one common"
}
] |
The 1839 poem "The Fall of the House of Usher" by Pierre-Jean de Béranger was turned into a 1938 silent french horror film.
| 2 | 4 |
The Fall of the House of Usher
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Babur and Humayun (1526–1556)",
"text": "The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side."
}
] |
LMTnm6tNnSTUSVaafFzJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The development of Mughlai cuisine, an amalgamation of South Asian, Iranian and Central Asian culinary styles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Babur and Humayun (1526–1556)",
"text": "The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The Mughal Empire was definitive in the early-modern and modern periods of South Asian history, with its legacy in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan seen in cultural contributions such as: Centralized imperial rule that consolidated the smaller polities of South Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Mughal India was the world leader in manufacturing, producing about 25% of the world's industrial output up until the 18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline (1707–1857)",
"text": "During the reign of Muhammad Shah (reigned 1719–1748), the empire began to break up, and vast tracts of central India passed from Mughal to Maratha hands."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline (1707–1857)",
"text": "Not only the Muslim gentry, but the Maratha, Hindu, and Sikh leaders took part in ceremonial acknowledgments of the emperor as the sovereign of India."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industrial manufacturing",
"text": "The trade imbalance caused Europeans to export large quantities of gold and silver to Mughal India in order to pay for South Asian imports."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industrial manufacturing",
"text": "Indian goods, especially those from Bengal, were also exported in large quantities to other Asian markets, such as Indonesia and Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Babur and Humayun (1526–1556)",
"text": "Ousted from his ancestral domains in Central Asia, Babur turned to India to satisfy his ambitions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline (1707–1857)",
"text": "The far-off Indian campaign of Nadir Shah, who had previously reestablished Iranian suzerainty over most of West Asia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia, culminated with the Sack of Delhi and shattered the remnants of Mughal power and prestige."
}
] |
The Mughal Empire was started by a Central Asian leader.
| 2 | 4 |
Mughal Empire
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From the late 1920s, McClintock studied chromosomes and how they change during reproduction in maize."
}
] |
LMVc7GES8wRCBjh8OUlf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She demonstrated the role of the telomere and centromere, regions of the chromosome that are important in the conservation of genetic information."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Rediscovery",
"text": "The importance of McClintock's contributions was revealed in the 1960s, when the work of French geneticists Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod described the genetic regulation of the lac operon, a concept she had demonstrated with Ac/Ds in 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "historian Nathaniel C. Comfort's The Tangled Field: Barbara McClintock's Search for the Patterns of Genetic Control."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "Through her work with X-ray-mutagenized maize, she identified ring chromosomes, which form when the ends of a single chromosome fuse together after radiation damage."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A recent biography for young adults by Naomi Pasachoff, Barbara McClintock, Genius of Genetics, provides a new perspective, based on the current literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | The origins of maize",
"text": "She was interested in studying the evolution of maize through chromosomal changes, and being in South America would allow her to work on a larger scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She produced the first genetic map for maize, linking regions of the chromosome to physical traits."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "This funding allowed her to continue to study genetics at Cornell, the University of Missouri, and the California Institute of Technology, where she worked with E. G. Anderson."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Discovery of controlling elements",
"text": "She published a paper in Genetics in 1953, where she presented all her statistical data, and undertook lecture tours to universities throughout the 1950s to speak about her work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From the late 1920s, McClintock studied chromosomes and how they change during reproduction in maize."
}
] |
Barbara did incredibly important genetic work with chromosomes and corn.
| 3 | 6 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The London Eye, or the Millennium Wheel (also called the lastminute.com London Eye for sponsorship purposes), is a cantilevered observation wheel on the South Bank of the River Thames in London."
}
] |
LNb0kpGdibd8rT7zRfbm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is Europe's tallest cantilevered observation wheel, and is the most popular paid tourist attraction in the United Kingdom with over 3 million visitors annually, and has made many appearances in popular culture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Opening",
"text": "The London Eye was originally intended as a temporary attraction, with a five-year lease."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The London Eye, or the Millennium Wheel (also called the lastminute.com London Eye for sponsorship purposes), is a cantilevered observation wheel on the South Bank of the River Thames in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Sir Richard Rogers, winner of the 2007 Pritzker Architecture Prize, wrote of the London Eye in a book about the project:The Eye has done for London what the Eiffel Tower did for Paris, which is to give it a symbol and to let people climb above the city and look back down on it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The London Eye used to offer the highest public viewing point in London until it was superseded by the 245-metre-high (804 ft) observation deck on the 72nd floor of The Shard, which opened to the public on 1 February 2013.The"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Supported by an A-frame on one side only, unlike the taller Nanchang and Singapore wheels, the Eye is described by its operators as \"the world's tallest cantilevered observation wheel\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "That is why the London Eye is worth visiting."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and branding",
"text": "Eye\". Coca-Cola began to sponsor the London Eye from January 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Financial difficulties",
"text": "On 20 May 2005, there were reports of a leaked letter showing that the South Bank Centre (SBC)—owners of part of the land on which the struts of the Eye are located—had served a notice to quit on the attraction along with a demand for an increase in rent from £64,000 per year to £2.5 million, which the operators rejected as unaffordable."
},
{
"section_header": "Financial difficulties",
"text": "The lease agreement meant that the South Bank Centre, a publicly funded charity, would receive at least £500,000 a year from the attraction, the status of which is secured for the foreseeable future."
}
] |
The London Eye is a observation tower and tourist attraction in Belgium.
| 0 | 5 |
London Eye
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "This building was destroyed by a fire in May of AD 614, when the Sassanid Empire, under Khosrau II, invaded Jerusalem and captured the True Cross."
}
] |
LNp2s0fzs50LxQ8sEKPB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The church has been a major Christian pilgrimage destination since its creation in the fourth century, as the traditional site of the resurrection of Christ, thus its original Greek name, Church of the Anastasis ('Resurrection')."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "The damage was extensive, with few parts of the early church remaining, and the roof of the rock-cut tomb damaged; the original shrine was destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "A story reports that the Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab visited the church and stopped to pray on the balcony, but at the time of prayer, turned away from the church and prayed outside."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "The building suffered severe damage from an earthquake in 746.Early in the ninth century, another earthquake damaged the dome of the Anastasis."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "The damage was repaired in 810 by Patriarch Thomas."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "In 938, a new fire damaged the inside of the basilica and came close to the rotunda."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "It has been well documented by archaeologists that in the time of Jesus, the walled city was smaller and the wall then was to the east of the current site of the Church."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "In 841, the church suffered a fire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ottoman period",
"text": "After the renovation of 1555, control of the church oscillated between the Franciscans and the Orthodox, depending on which community could obtain a favorable firman from the \"Sublime Porte\" at a particular time, often through outright bribery."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "In 630, the Emperor Heraclius rebuilt the church after recapturing the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and destruction (614–1009)",
"text": "This building was destroyed by a fire in May of AD 614, when the Sassanid Empire, under Khosrau II, invaded Jerusalem and captured the True Cross."
}
] |
The Church has stood the test of time, undisturbed by any major damage since its creation.
| 1 | 6 |
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Bishop of Ostia",
"text": "Desiderius, the abbot of Monte Cassino, was chosen to follow Gregory in 1085 but, after his short reign as Victor III, Odo was elected by acclamation at a small meeting of cardinals and other prelates held in Terracina in March 1088."
}
] |
LNx1dmdFSZ1MtslMYR1H
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Others believe that Urban saw this as an opportunity to gain legitimacy as the pope as at the time he was contending with the antipope Clement III."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As pope, he dealt with Antipope Clement III, infighting of various Christian nations, and the Muslim incursions into Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Struggle for authority",
"text": "Gregory had repeatedly clashed with the emperor Henry IV over papal authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Struggle for authority",
"text": "The Empress Adelaide was encouraged in her charges of sexual coercion against her husband, Henry IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Struggle for authority",
"text": "From the outset, Urban had to reckon with the presence of Guibert, the former bishop of Ravenna who held Rome as the antipope \"Clement III\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Struggle for authority",
"text": "Henry finally took Rome in 1084 and installed Clement III in his place."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Urban II died on 29 July 1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before news of the event had reached Italy; his successor was Pope Paschal II."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Let those who for a long time, have been robbers, now become knights."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Urban II (Latin: Urbanus II; c. 1035 – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "The five versions of Urban's speech likely reflect much more clearly what later authors thought Urban II should have said to launch the First Crusade than what Urban II actually did say."
},
{
"section_header": "Bishop of Ostia",
"text": "Desiderius, the abbot of Monte Cassino, was chosen to follow Gregory in 1085 but, after his short reign as Victor III, Odo was elected by acclamation at a small meeting of cardinals and other prelates held in Terracina in March 1088."
}
] |
Urban II did not become pope due to the antipope Clement III's appointment by Henry IV.
| 0 | 5 |
Pope Urban II
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Renée Kathleen Zellweger was born on April 25, 1969, in Katy, Texas."
}
] |
LO7pqDZ0WPXlVhjsN3IM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following her film debut with a minor role in Richard Linklater's Dazed and Confused (1993), Zellweger's first starring role came with the slasher film Texas Chainsaw Massacre: The Next Generation (1994)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After high school, she enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Renée Kathleen Zellweger was born on April 25, 1969, in Katy, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In Zellweger's junior year, her father lost his job and was unable to support her at college, so she took a job as a cocktail waitress in Austin, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was one of the world's highest-paid actresses by 2007 and was named the Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year in 2009.Born in Texas, Zellweger studied English Literature at UT Austin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\" Her first job after graduation was working in a beef commercial, while simultaneously auditioning for roles around Houston, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career downturn and hiatus, 2008–2015",
"text": "It was universally panned by critics and only earned US$5.3 million in its opening weekend, leading Indiewire to write that Zellweger \"faces an [u]ncertain [f]uture\" as she was in \"an unforgiving industry that doles out few juicy roles for women over 40."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career beginnings, 1992–1995",
"text": "While still in Texas, Zellweger appeared in several independent and low-budget films."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Career beginnings, 1992–1995",
"text": "While the film went unnoticed, Joe Leydon for Variety magazine lauded Zellweger, calling her \"the most formidable scream queen since Jamie Lee Curtis went legit."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was a nurse and midwife who moved to the United States to work as a governess for a Norwegian family in Texas."
}
] |
Renee Zellweger went to the University of Texas in Austin Texas where she was born and raised before she got her break out role in Dazed and Confused.
| 0 | 0 |
Renée Zellweger
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has stakes in over 600 companies, and recent focus on tech start-ups in Asia."
}
] |
LOG3llvdbFXyLo7zarZy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2014: Early investments",
"text": "Tencent previously had a 15.68% stake in the company and raised the stake through a US$46.98 million investment."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Others",
"text": "Tencent was the second-largest Nio shareholder in terms of voting rights after Li Bin, founder of the automaker, who held 13.8% in shares but 47% voting rights, according to a March filing by the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Others",
"text": "WeSure will work with well-known domestic insurance companies such as Ping An Insurance to provide users with high-quality insurance services."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2014: Early investments",
"text": "On 22 May 2014, JD.com got listed on NASDAQ and Tencent expanded its stake in the company to 17.43% on a fully diluted basis by investing an additional US$1,325 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2020: Continued investments",
"text": "Alibaba overtook Tencent as Asia's most valuable company as its stocks surged after the company hosted its 2017 Investor's day."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Others",
"text": "\" On 26 May 2020, Tencent announced it planned to invest 500 billion yuan (US$70 billion) over the next five years in new digital infrastructure, a major hi-tech initiative that would bolster Beijing's efforts to drive economic recovery in the post-coronavirus era."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Entertainment | Video games",
"text": "Through these investments, Tencent is considered the largest video game company in the world as of March 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tencent is the world's largest video game company, one of the world's most financially valuable companies, one of the world's largest social media companies, and one of the world's largest venture capital firms and investment corporations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2020: Continued investments",
"text": "In May 2017, Tencent surpassed Wells Fargo to enter the world's top 10 most valuable companies."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2020: Continued investments",
"text": "Tencent became the second Asian company after Alibaba Group to surpass US$400 billion market cap."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has stakes in over 600 companies, and recent focus on tech start-ups in Asia."
}
] |
Tencent did not invest in other companies.
| 0 | 0 |
Tencent
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, none of them can read, and they are completely unaware of the rules - which have been posted for years."
}
] |
LOf59fQpw8vUPHGmNRVH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The name \"The Cider House Rules\" refers to the list of rules that the migrant workers are supposed to follow at the Ocean View Orchards."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, none of them can read, and they are completely unaware of the rules - which have been posted for years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He makes a point of maintaining an emotional distance from the orphans, so that they can more easily make the transition into an adoptive family, but when it becomes clear that Homer is going to spend his entire childhood at the orphanage, Wilbur trains the orphan as an obstetrician and then comes to love him like a son."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Wally and Candy marry shortly afterward, but Candy and Homer maintain a secret affair that lasts some 15 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Wally and Homer become best friends and Homer develops a secret love for Candy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When Candy becomes pregnant, they go back to St. Cloud's Orphanage, where their son is born and named Angel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As a young man, Homer befriends a young couple, Candy Kendall and Wally Worthington, who come to St. Cloud's for an abortion."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He is presumed missing by the military, but Homer and Candy both believe he is dead and move on with their lives, which includes beginning a romantic relationship."
}
] |
The Cider House Rules features a scene where Candy reads a recipe on how to make firecider.
| 0 | 0 |
The Cider House Rules
|
Science
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father was Owen Jones, a lecturer in chemistry, and her mother was Ida Spärck, a Norwegian who moved to Britain during World War II leaving on one of the last boats out of Norway after the German invasion in 1940."
}
] |
LOgLVoH1kqzXagGn6cwi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "From 1999 she was holding the post of Professor of Computers and Information."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father was Owen Jones, a lecturer in chemistry, and her mother was Ida Spärck, a Norwegian who moved to Britain during World War II leaving on one of the last boats out of Norway after the German invasion in 1940."
}
] |
The father of Karen Sparck Jones was a professor.
| 2 | 9 |
Karen Sparck Jones
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Paris Saint-Germain Football Club was founded on 12 August 1970 after the merger of Paris Football Club and Stade Saint-Germain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "PSG are France's most successful club having won over forty competitive honours, including nine league titles and one major European trophy."
}
] |
LPpAJ0TUTVhcVziuiSIU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Le Classique",
"text": "The duo are the two most successful clubs in French football history and the only two French teams to have won major European trophies."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Paris Saint-Germain Football Club was founded on 12 August 1970 after the merger of Paris Football Club and Stade Saint-Germain."
},
{
"section_header": "Friendly tournaments | Tournoi Indoor de Paris-Bercy",
"text": "Paris SG is the most successful club in the history of the competition, having lifted the trophy on two occasions."
},
{
"section_header": "Supporters",
"text": "Paris Saint-Germain is the most popular football club in France and one of the most widely supported teams in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Le Classique",
"text": "They are also the two most popular clubs in France and the two most followed French teams outside the country, ahead of Lyon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "PSG are France's most successful club having won over forty competitive honours, including nine league titles and one major European trophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are also the most popular football club in France and one of the most widely supported teams in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Grounds | Paris Saint-Germain Training Center",
"text": "Owned and financed by the club, the venue will bring together PSG's male football, handball and judo teams, as well as the football and handball youth academies."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances",
"text": "He is both the chairman of the QIA and the founder of QSI.Upon their arrival, QSI pledged to form a team capable of winning the UEFA Champions League and making the club France's biggest name."
},
{
"section_header": "Friendly tournaments | Tournoi de Paris",
"text": "PSG is the most successful club in the competition's history, having lifted the trophy on seven occasions."
}
] |
Paris Saint-Germain Football Club is France's most successful soccer club and founded after two teams combined.
| 3 | 3 |
Paris Saint-Germain F.C.
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David Copperfield is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens."
}
] |
LQTl4imeDEoylIgDKm6A
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major print editions of David Copperfield | Dedication and preface",
"text": "The ultimate version of 1867, also called the Charles Dickens edition, included another preface by the author with the statement that David Copperfield is the favourite work of the author."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "David Copperfield. London: Penguin Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Subsequent reputation",
"text": "In 2015, the BBC Culture section polled book critics outside the UK about novels by British authors; they ranked David Copperfield eighth on the list of the 100 Greatest British Novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Dickens's way of writing | Dialect",
"text": "However, looking to the work of K J Fielding reveals that the dialect of this town was taken from a book written by a local author, Major Edward Moor published in 1823."
},
{
"section_header": "Major print editions of David Copperfield | List of editions",
"text": "1867, UK, Wordsworth Classics, Preface by the author (the \"Charles Dickens edition\", with his statement"
},
{
"section_header": "Major print editions of David Copperfield | List of editions",
"text": "And his name is DAVID COPPERFIELD.\") And his name is DAVID COPPERFIELD.\") 1962 (reprinted 2006 with an afterward by Gish Jen) US, Signet Classics ISBN 0-451-53004-7."
},
{
"section_header": "Major print editions of David Copperfield | Dedication and preface",
"text": "A brief preface was written in 1850 by the author, already entrusted to Forster after he finished his manuscript, with the promise that a new work will follow."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "At the end of the book, David encounters him in prison, convicted of attempting to defraud the Bank of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Harmondsworth: Penguin Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Major print editions of David Copperfield | Publishing contract",
"text": "Like Dombey and Son, David Copperfield was not the subject of a specific contract; it followed the agreement of 1 June 1844, which was still valid."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David Copperfield is the eighth novel by Charles Dickens."
}
] |
David Copperfield is the 8th book by the author.
| 0 | 0 |
David Copperfield
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Queen Catherine de' Medici, the mother of King Charles IX, the massacre took place a few days after the wedding day (18 August) of the king's sister Margaret to the Protestant Henry III of Navarre (the future Henry IV of France)."
}
] |
LQg28GyhMHCYXFv9HwW2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the royal family",
"text": "Over the centuries, the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre has inevitably aroused a great deal of controversy."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "\"The St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and the events surrounding it were incorporated into D.W. Griffith's film Intolerance (1916)."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the religious factions",
"text": "With these words, the most popular preacher in Paris legitimised in advance the events of St. Bartholomew's Day\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Traditionally believed to have been instigated by Queen Catherine de' Medici, the mother of King Charles IX, the massacre took place a few days after the wedding day (18 August) of the king's sister Margaret to the Protestant Henry III of Navarre (the future Henry IV of France)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Who entitled The Massacre of St Bartholomew's Eve"
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "A Huguenot on St. Bartholomew's Day (1852), which depicts a Catholic woman attempting to convince her Huguenot lover to wear the white scarf badge of the Catholics and protect himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the royal family",
"text": "The Parisian St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre resulted from this conjunction of interests, and this offers a much better explanation as to why the men of the Duke of Anjou acted in the name of the Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, consistent with the thinking of the time, rather than in the name of the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Charles IX.The St Bartholomew's Day Massacre is the setting for Tim Willocks' historical novel, The Twelve Children of Paris (Matthias Tannhauser Trilogy:2) (2013), and Ken Follett's book A Column of Fire, published in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Role of the religious factions",
"text": "Holt, notable for re-emphasising the importance of religious issues, as opposed to political/dynastic power struggles or socio-economic tensions, in explaining the French Wars of Religion, also re-emphasised the role of religion in the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (French: Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy) in 1572 was a targeted group of assassinations and a wave of Catholic mob violence, directed against the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants) during the French Wars of Religion."
}
] |
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre took place in Italy.
| 2 | 5 |
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | Appointment",
"text": "He vociferously disagreed with Roosevelt's decision to prioritize the European Theatre in World War II over the pacific Theatre."
}
] |
LQmlCCLQVq8hgI4fLE6q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | Aspirations",
"text": "He pointed out to audiences that it was the young Chandler and not Barkley who had broken down first under the strain of the grueling campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | Aspirations",
"text": "After Roosevelt's departure, Chandler played up Roosevelt's complimentary remarks about him but downplayed or ignored critical remarks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Albert Benjamin \"Happy\" Chandler Sr. (July 14, 1898 – June 15, 1991) was an American politician from Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as governor",
"text": "Because segregation prevented blacks from attending graduate school in the state, Chandler secured an allocation of $5,000 annually to help blacks attend out-of-state graduate schools."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as governor",
"text": "\" When Chandler touted his service during World War I, Laffoon's adjutant general Henry Denhardt countered by pointing out that Chandler had been only a cadet in training and never had engaged in active service in the war."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | Appointment",
"text": "Chandler upset many in the black community by voting against an anti-lynching bill soon after taking office."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Chandler was born in the farming community of Corydon, Kentucky, in 1898."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | Aspirations",
"text": "Seeking to benefit from being nearest to the president, Chandler sat between Roosevelt and Barkley in the back seat of the open-topped vehicle that transported them to Latonia Race Track, the site of Roosevelt's first speech."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as governor",
"text": "The bill realized significant cost savings by restructuring the state government and by reducing the number of boards and commissions in the executive branch from 133 to 22.Critics pointed out that the act also centralized more power in the hands of the governor and accused Chandler of ulterior motives in supporting the act."
},
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor | Governorship",
"text": "Nevertheless, Chandler delivered on his promise by allocating $5 million to the establishment of what became known as the Albert B. Chandler Medical Center."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | Appointment",
"text": "He vociferously disagreed with Roosevelt's decision to prioritize the European Theatre in World War II over the pacific Theatre."
}
] |
Albert 'Happy' Chandler was all too glad with Roosevelt's dedication in taking out the nazis first.
| 0 | 0 |
Happy Chandler
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, a former Deputy Regimental Chief in the People's Liberation Army."
}
] |
LQnnjmjQXh2QZSxjJT6b
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Software | Huawei Mobile Services (HMS)",
"text": "Huawei Mobile Services (HMS) is Huawei's app store created as a competitor to Google's Android Play Store."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "During the 1980s, the Chinese government tried to modernize the country's underdeveloped telecommunications infrastructure."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "A core component of the telecommunications network was telephone exchange switches, and in the late 1980s, several Chinese research groups endeavored to acquire and develop the technology, usually through joint ventures with foreign companies."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign expansion",
"text": "In September 2017, Huawei created a NarrowBand IOT city-aware network using a \"one network, one platform, N applications\" construction model utilizing IoT, cloud computing, big data, and other next-generation information and communications technology, it also aims to be one of the world's five largest cloud players in the near future."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "In July 2003, Huawei established their handset department and by 2004, Huawei shipped their first phone, the C300."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "In January 2015, Huawei discontinued the \"Ascend\" brand for its flagship phones, and launched the new P series with the Huawei P8."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "In June 2013, Huawei launched the Ascend P6 and in December 2013, Huawei introduced Honor as a subsidiary independent brand in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "At CES 2012, Huawei introduced the Ascend range starting with the Ascend P1 S. At MWC 2012, Huawei launched the Ascend D1."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "At CES 2014, Huawei launched the Ascend Mate2 4G in 2014 and at MWC 2014, Huawei launched the MediaPad X1 tablet and Ascend G6 4G smartphone."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "Huawei also partnered with Google to build the Nexus 6P in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in 1987 by Ren Zhengfei, a former Deputy Regimental Chief in the People's Liberation Army."
}
] |
Huawei was created in the 1980s.
| 0 | 0 |
Huawei
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play dramatises the life of Blanche DuBois, a Southern belle who, after encountering a series of personal losses, leaves her aristocratic background seeking refuge with her sister and brother-in-law in a dilapidated New Orleans apartment building."
}
] |
LQqUda9hWgJ6RArgMKeD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\"",
"text": "It is often included in paper editions of A Streetcar Named Desire."
},
{
"section_header": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\"",
"text": "A version of this essay first appeared in The New York Times on November 30, 1947, four days before the opening of A Streetcar Named Desire."
},
{
"section_header": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\"",
"text": "\"A Streetcar Named Success\" is an essay by Tennessee Williams about art and the artist's role in society."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In a 1992 episode of The Simpsons, \"A Streetcar Named Marge\", a musical version of the play, Oh, Streetcar!, was featured."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Streetcar Named Desire is a play written by Tennessee Williams that opened on Broadway on December 3, 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Streetcar Named Desire, Williams’ most popular work, is considered to be one of the best and most critically successful plays of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 2015, Gillian Anderson directed and starred in a short film prequel to A Streetcar Named Desire, titled The Departure."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Revivals",
"text": "The Sydney Theatre Company production of A Streetcar Named Desire premiered on September 5 and ran until October 17, 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Auction record",
"text": "On October 1, 2009, Swann Galleries auctioned an unusually fine copy of A Streetcar Named Desire, New York, 1947, signed by Williams and dated 1976 for $9,000, a record price for a signed copy of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Ballet",
"text": "In 2012, Scottish Ballet collaborated with theatre and film director Nancy Meckler and international choreographer Annabelle Lopez Ochoa to create a new staging of A Streetcar Named Desire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play dramatises the life of Blanche DuBois, a Southern belle who, after encountering a series of personal losses, leaves her aristocratic background seeking refuge with her sister and brother-in-law in a dilapidated New Orleans apartment building."
}
] |
A Streetcar Named Desire features a sentient (but still non-speaking) streetcar that plays matchmaker between a shy conductor and a passenger he is immediately stricken with, but cannot bring himself to talk to.
| 0 | 0 |
A Streetcar Named Desire
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The first talkie version was a 1934 British film starring Hay Petrie as Quilp."
}
] |
LR21txf4IwnIgqd74zYK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Other characters",
"text": "In the original manuscript, it is made explicit that the Marchioness is in fact the illegitimate daughter of Miss Brass, possibly by Quilp, but only a suggestion of this survived in the published edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "\"Is Little Nell alive?\" In 2007, many newspapers claimed that the excitement at the release of the last instalment of The Old Curiosity Shop was the only historical comparison that could be made to the excitement at the release of the last Harry Potter novel, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1995, Tom Courtenay and Peter Ustinov starred in a Disney made-for-television film adaptation as Quilp and the grandfather, with Sally Walsh as Nell."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Major characters",
"text": "He lends money to Nell's grandfather and takes possession of the curiosity shop during the old man's illness (which he had caused by revealing his knowledge of the old man's bad gambling habit)."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Probably the most widely repeated criticism of Dickens is the remark reputedly made by Oscar Wilde that \"One would have to have a heart of stone to read the death of little Nell without dissolving into tears...of laughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Old Curiosity Shop was printed in book form in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Major characters",
"text": "After Quilp takes over the shop, he offers her a place in his house."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Major characters",
"text": "He eavesdrops so as to know all of 'the old man's' most private thoughts, and teases him, saying 'you have no secrets from me now'."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Other characters",
"text": "Frederick Trent, Nell's worthless older brother, who is convinced that his grandfather is secretly wealthy (when in actuality he was the primary cause of the old man's poverty, according to the single gentleman)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Major characters",
"text": "He also drives a wedge between Kit and the old man (and as a result between Kit and Nell) by pretending it was Kit who told him about the gambling."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The first talkie version was a 1934 British film starring Hay Petrie as Quilp."
}
] |
The Old Curiosity Shop hasn't been made into a movie.
| 3 | 4 |
The Old Curiosity Shop
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The yard of ale drinking glass is associated by legend with stagecoach drivers, though it was mainly used for drinking feats and special toasts."
}
] |
LRAHtdpdzleKtfH2JjnZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Improved roads",
"text": "The speed of coaches in this period rose from around 6 miles per hour (including stops for provisioning) to 8 miles per hour and greatly increased the level of mobility in the country, both for people and for mail."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Spread elsewhere | Continental Europe",
"text": "In France, between 1765 and 1780, the turgotines, big mail coaches named for their originator, Louis XVI's economist minister Turgot, and improved roads, where a coach could travel at full gallop across levels, combined with more staging posts at shorter intervals, cut the time required to travel across the country sometimes by half."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Spread elsewhere | Continental Europe",
"text": "The inside, which is capacious, and lofty, and will hold six people in great comfort is lined with leather padded, and surrounded with little pockets, in which travellers deposit their bread, snuff, night caps, and pocket handkerchiefs, which generally enjoy each others company, in the same delicate depository."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Royal Mail stagecoaches",
"text": "The stagecoach, funded by Palmer, left Bristol at 4 pm on 2 August 1784 and arrived in London just 16 hours later."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Royal Mail stagecoaches",
"text": "It occurred to him that this stagecoach service could be developed into a national mail delivery service, so in 1782 he suggested to the Post Office in London that they take up the idea."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Royal Mail stagecoaches",
"text": "Palmer made much use of the \"flying\" stagecoach services between cities in the course of his business, and noted that it seemed far more efficient than the system of mail delivery then in operation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "One pamphleteer denounced the stagecoach as"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Spread elsewhere | United States",
"text": "They built their first Concord stagecoach in 1827 employing long leather straps under their stagecoaches which gave a swinging motion."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and evolution | Competitive display and sport",
"text": "While stagecoaches vanished as rail penetrated the countryside"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and evolution",
"text": "Some stagecoaches remained in use for commercial or recreational purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The yard of ale drinking glass is associated by legend with stagecoach drivers, though it was mainly used for drinking feats and special toasts."
}
] |
A type of serving fork was named after people who drove stagecoaches.
| 0 | 0 |
Stagecoach
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of Barber's death, nearly all of his compositions had been recorded."
}
] |
LRBvtMJkNPsZBHvvaBdG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later years",
"text": "Barber died of cancer on January 23, 1981, at his 907 Fifth Avenue apartment in Manhattan at the age of 70."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years",
"text": "Barber revised the symphony in 1947 and it was subsequently published by G. Schirmer in 1950 and recorded the following year by the New Symphony Orchestra of London, conducted by Barber himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of Barber's death, nearly all of his compositions had been recorded."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "CD recording. Stradivari Classics SCD 8012."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Opera",
"text": "The critical rejection of music that Barber considered to be among his best sent him into a deep depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Violin",
"text": "In 1939 Philadelphia industrialist Samuel Simeon Fels commissioned Barber to write a violin concerto for Fels's ward, Iso Briselli, a 1934 graduate from the Curtis Institute of Music (as Barber was)."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Samuel Barber: The Composer and His Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years",
"text": "The score was later reconstructed from the instrumental parts, and released in a Vox Box \"Stradivari Classics\" recording by the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra conducted by Andrew Schenck in 1988.In 1943, Barber and Menotti purchased a house in suburban Mount Kisco, New York, north of Manhattan, which served as their artistic retreat."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At a very early age, Barber became profoundly interested in music, and it was apparent that he had great musical talent and ability."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later years",
"text": "After this setback, Barber continued to write music until he was almost 70 years old."
}
] |
When Barber died almost all of his music had been recorded.
| 0 | 0 |
Samuel Barber
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography of Terminator 2 spanned 171 days between October 9, 1990, and March 28, 1991, during which the crew filmed at the Mojave Desert before visiting 20 different sites throughout California and New Mexico."
}
] |
LRWgJENoptDb6VuO7CZC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of its release, with a budget of $94–102 million, Terminator 2: Judgment Day was the most expensive film ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" Empire ranked Terminator 2: Judgment Day as the third-best film sequel of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Terminator 2: Judgment Day received widespread critical acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Score",
"text": "The score by Brad Fiedel was commercially released as the Terminator 2: Judgment Day ("
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Terminator, as portrayed by Schwarzenegger in Terminator 2: Judgment Day, was ranked at number 48 on the list of heroes, as well as at number 22 on the list of villains for its appearance in the first Terminator film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Terminator 2: Judgment Day was released in the United States on July 3, 1991 by TriStar Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "Terminator 2: Judgment Day was followed by Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003), Terminator Salvation (2009), Terminator Genisys (2015), and Terminator: Dark Fate (2019)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Merchandise",
"text": "Terminator 2: Judgment Day was also released for Game Boy in 1991, and for SNES and Sega Genesis/Mega Drive in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Merchandise",
"text": "In the years following its release, several books based on the film were released, including Malibu Comics Terminator 2 – Judgment Day: Cybernetic Dawn, Terminator 2 – Judgment Day: Nuclear Twilight, IDW Comics T2: Infiltrator, T2: Rising Storm and T2: Future War' by S.M. Stirling, and The John Connor Chronicles by Russell Blackford."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Terminator 2: Judgment Day (also promoted as T2) is a 1991 American science fiction action film produced and directed by James Cameron, who co-wrote the script with William Wisher."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography of Terminator 2 spanned 171 days between October 9, 1990, and March 28, 1991, during which the crew filmed at the Mojave Desert before visiting 20 different sites throughout California and New Mexico."
}
] |
Terminator 2: Judgement day was filmed in Alabama.
| 1 | 5 |
Terminator 2: Judgment Day
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fox was one of the best second basemen of all time, and the third-most difficult hitter to strike out in Major League Baseball (MLB) history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fox played in the big leagues from 1947 through 1965 and spent the majority of his career as a member of the Chicago White Sox; his career was bookended by multi-year stints for the Philadelphia Athletics and, later, the Houston Astros."
}
] |
LRj3NFeNWJqGX2jQcYAI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jim Lemon, who played for the White Sox with Fox in 1963, said that Fox's cancer \"had to be incurable – because if it wasn't, Nellie would have beat it.\" Former White Sox manager Al López described how Fox had found success through hard work rather than natural ability: \"He wasn't fast and didn't have an arm, but he worked hard to develop what he needed to make himself a good all-around ballplayer."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" On May 1, 1976, Fox's uniform number 2 was retired by the White Sox; he is the second of ten White Sox players to have his uniform number retired."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1959 season",
"text": "Fox's best season came in 1959, when he received the AL Most Valuable Player award (not until Dustin Pedroia in 2008 would another American League second baseman receive such an honor) on a White Sox team that won its first AL pennant in 40 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Later seasons",
"text": "In 1951, Fox hit more triples (12) than he had strikeouts (11)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues",
"text": "The Athletics traded Fox to the Chicago White Sox for Joe Tipton on October 29, 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Defensive skills",
"text": "Fox finished among the top five second basemen in fielding percentage every year between 1950 and 1964, and currently ranks second in career double plays as a second baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues",
"text": "The White Sox finished in third place in each season between 1952 and 1956, followed by second-place finishes in 1957 and 1958 (Baseball-Reference.com lists Billy Pierce and Minnie Miñoso as the top White Sox players during most of those years, as reflected by wins above replacement (WAR), but Fox had the team's highest WAR in 1957)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "He came back with Lancaster in 1945 and was known as the best second baseman in the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Later seasons",
"text": "He led the league in most at-bats per strikeouts a phenomenal 13 times in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | 1959 season",
"text": "the White Sox did not make it back to the World Series until they swept the 2005 World Series from the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fox was one of the best second basemen of all time, and the third-most difficult hitter to strike out in Major League Baseball (MLB) history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fox played in the big leagues from 1947 through 1965 and spent the majority of his career as a member of the Chicago White Sox; his career was bookended by multi-year stints for the Philadelphia Athletics and, later, the Houston Astros."
}
] |
Nellie Fox was a second baseman mainly for the White Sox and was very hard to strikeout.
| 0 | 0 |
Nellie Fox
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, for $499 (4 GB) and $599 (8 GB) with an AT&T contract."
}
] |
LRk3VAb1iHKCijEW5r6h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "On February 5, 2008, it was updated to have 16 GB of memory, in addition to the 8 GB and 4 GB models."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | HomePod",
"text": "Apple's first smart speaker, the HomePod was released on February 9, 2018, after being delayed from its initial December 2017 release."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "The release of the iPhone 5S and 5C is the first time that Apple simultaneously launched two models."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "On October 4, 2011, Apple unveiled the iPhone 4S, which was first released on October 14, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, for $499 (4 GB) and $599 (8 GB) with an AT&T contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "The iPhone features a 3.5-inch (89 mm) touchscreen display, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi (both \"b\" and \"g\").A second version, the iPhone 3G, was released on July 11, 2008, with a reduced price of $199 for the 8 GB model and $299 for the 16 GB model."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "On March 21, 2016, Apple introduced the first-generation iPhone SE that has a 4-inch screen size last used with the 5S and has nearly the same internal hardware as the 6S.In July 2016, Apple announced that one billion iPhones had been sold."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "Upon the launch of the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C, Apple set a new record for first-weekend smartphone sales by selling over nine million devices in the first three days of its launch."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "Software capabilities were improved with the release of the App Store, which provided iPhone-compatible applications to download."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | iPhone",
"text": "Two million iPhones were sold in the first twenty-four hours of pre-ordering and over five million handsets were sold in the first three days of its launch."
}
] |
The first iPhone was released on February 2008.
| 3 | 5 |
Apple Inc.
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother was a Presbyterian from a wealthy Midwestern family, while his father was of Irish Catholic descent."
}
] |
LS2R0UZdmXL1OJQAR4SL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Character",
"text": "Tracy struggled with alcoholism throughout his adult life, an ailment that ran in his father's side of the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Independent player (1956–67)",
"text": "Tracy took a year to commit to the project, in which he played an Irish-American mayor seeking re-election."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother was a Presbyterian from a wealthy Midwestern family, while his father was of Irish Catholic descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment and legacy",
"text": "A 1986 PBS documentary titled The Spencer Tracy Legacy was hosted by Hepburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Stage and screen",
"text": "Spencer was tense and unbending, could not, or would not, take direction\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Stage and screen",
"text": "\"Tracy was absent from screens in 1946, the first year since his motion picture debut that there was no Spencer Tracy release."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Independent player (1956–67) | Stanley Kramer partnership",
"text": "Upon seeing the film, Mann wrote to Tracy: \"Every writer ought to have the experience of having Spencer Tracy do his lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Final MGM years",
"text": "\"It's the second strong comedy in a row for Spencer Tracy, doing the title role, and he socks it\", Variety commented."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1935–55) | Established star",
"text": "William Boehnel wrote in the New York World-Telegram, \"To begin with, it has Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy in the leading roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spencer Bonaventure Tracy (April 5, 1900 – June 10, 1967) was an American actor, known for his natural performing style and versatility."
}
] |
Spencer Tracy had Irish roots from his daddy's side.
| 1 | 2 |
Spencer Tracy
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By the spring of 1819, Keats had left his job as dresser, or assistant house surgeon, at Guy's Hospital, Southwark, London, to devote himself entirely to the composition of poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Their exact date of composition is unknown; Keats simply dated \" Ode on a Grecian Urn\" May 1819, as he did its companion odes."
}
] |
LS84MPWn0bQEuEg9Q5f4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" is a poem written by the English Romantic poet John Keats in May 1819, first published anonymously in Annals of the Fine Arts for 1819 (see 1820 in poetry)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By the spring of 1819, Keats had left his job as dresser, or assistant house surgeon, at Guy's Hospital, Southwark, London, to devote himself entirely to the composition of poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Living with his friend Charles Brown, the 23-year-old was burdened with money problems and despaired when his brother George sought his financial assistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Keats reverses this when describing an urn within \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" to focus on representational art."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Keats developed his own type of ode in \"Ode to Psyche\", which preceded \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" and other odes he wrote in 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Their exact date of composition is unknown; Keats simply dated \" Ode on a Grecian Urn\" May 1819, as he did its companion odes."
},
{
"section_header": "Poem",
"text": "The questions are unanswered because there is no one who can ever know the true answers, as the locations are not real."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "The 1857 Encyclopædia Britannica contained an article on Keats by Alexander Smith, which stated: \"Perhaps the most exquisite specimen of Keats' poetry is the 'Ode to the Grecian Urn'; it breathes the very spirit of antiquity,—eternal beauty and eternal repose."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The two contradictory responses found in the first and second scenes of \"Ode on a Grecian Urn\" are inadequate for completely describing art, because Keats believed that art should not provide history or ideals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was only by the mid-19th century that it began to be praised, although it is now considered to be one of the greatest odes in the English language."
}
] |
"Ode on a Grecian Urn" was written while Keats was visiting his brother at the hospital.
| 0 | 0 |
Ode on a Grecian Urn
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kapoor's design was inspired by liquid mercury and the sculpture's surface reflects and distorts the city's skyline."
}
] |
LSIhyBfjy0AcQ1pfTChq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Visitors are able to walk around and under Cloud Gate's 12-foot (3.7 m) high arch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cloud Gate is a public sculpture by Indian-born British artist Sir Anish Kapoor, that is the centerpiece of AT&T Plaza at Millennium Park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cloud Gate was formally dedicated on May 15, 2006, and has since gained considerable popularity, both domestically and internationally."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kapoor's design was inspired by liquid mercury and the sculpture's surface reflects and distorts the city's skyline."
}
] |
Cloud Gate is an arched structure in Chicago that was inspired by the Arch in St. Louis.
| 1 | 3 |
Cloud Gate
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "On May 24, 2012, it was announced that Warner Bros. (WB) had acquired the rights to the book with Bradley Cooper set to produce and star in the screen adaptation."
}
] |
LSNwo1PI7FbkJMUA8j91
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "In North America, the film opened to a limited release on December 25, 2014, playing at four theaters—two in New York, one in Los Angeles, and one in Dallas—and earned $610,000 in its opening weekend ($850,000 including Christmas Day) at an average of $152,500 per venue debuting at #22."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "American Sniper premiered at the AFI Fest on November 11, 2014, just after a screening of Selma at Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 87th Academy Awards, American Sniper received six nominations, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Actor for Cooper, ultimately winning one award for Best Sound Editing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The world premiere was on November 11, 2014, at the American Film Institute Festival, followed by a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 25, 2014, and a wide release on January 16, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "American Sniper nobly presents the case for the other side.\"Peter"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Fake baby",
"text": "One aspect of the film that received negative comment was its use of a fake baby doll in one scene, which was so obviously artificial that it became a distraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The film also features the song \"Someone Like You\" by Van Morrison, which plays during the wedding scene, and \"The Funeral\" by Ennio Morricone."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": ", American Sniper delivers a tense, vivid tribute to its real-life subject."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "On May 24, 2012, it was announced that Warner Bros. (WB) had acquired the rights to the book with Bradley Cooper set to produce and star in the screen adaptation."
}
] |
The 2014 film American Sniper is based on a play.
| 0 | 0 |
American Sniper
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Hacksaw Ridge is the first film directed by Gibson since Apocalypto in 2006, and marks a departure from his previous films, such as Apocalypto and Braveheart, in which the protagonists acted violently."
}
] |
LSTJj40n9JSt6Zp1NsUl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "James M. Vernon, an Australian Executive Producer on Hacksaw Ridge helped the film qualify for Australian government subsidies."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Hacksaw Ridge was in development limbo for 14 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "If Hacksaw Ridge is any indication, we are poised for a future filled with great films from the visionary director."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "On July 28, 2016, Lionsgate released the only official trailer for Hacksaw Ridge which garnered millions of views."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"The Guardian also awarded the film four stars, and stated that Gibson had \"absolutely hit Hacksaw Ridge out of the park."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Hacksaw Ridge became an international co-production, with key players and firms located in both the United States and Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Principal photography",
"text": "However, the producers had complete approval and clearance to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hacksaw Ridge was chosen by the American Film Institute as one of its top ten Movies of the Year, and has received numerous awards and nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Debney was himself replaced by Rupert Gregson-Williams after his score was rejected before Hacksaw Ridge was set to premiere at the Venice Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "During the Battle of Okinawa, Doss's unit is informed that they are to relieve the 96th Infantry Division, which was tasked with ascending and securing the Maeda Escarpment (\"Hacksaw Ridge\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Hacksaw Ridge is the first film directed by Gibson since Apocalypto in 2006, and marks a departure from his previous films, such as Apocalypto and Braveheart, in which the protagonists acted violently."
}
] |
Hacksaw Ridge was produced by Harrison Ford.
| 0 | 0 |
Hacksaw Ridge
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Vaughan married his wife, Margaret, in 1931, and they had four children."
}
] |
LSnKuLpG3JhM4PVhpCC6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Establishing himself",
"text": "He finished in the league top five in on-base percentage (.388, 3rd), slugging percentage (.478, 5th) and walks (64, 4th)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Floyd \"Arky\" Vaughan (March 9, 1912 – August 30, 1952) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Remaining Pirates career",
"text": "The fans were outraged at his trade to Brooklyn and his mysterious death years later helped coin the phrase \"The Ghost of Arky\" when times got tough."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Legacy",
"text": "Vaughan was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985, following which Vaughan's daughter Patricia received this brief, handwritten congratulatory letter: I was a substitute tackle on the Fullerton High School championship 130-pound team and remember Arky as our star halfback--fast, hard-nosed and even then a real professional."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Legacy",
"text": "Sincerely, Richard Nixon As early as July 1972, then President Nixon had named Vaughan the starting shortstop on his \"All-Time\" National League All-Star Team's pre-war component (i.e. 1925 through 1945), citing as his \"sentimental reason\" their high school connection while stating his belief that \"most experts would include Arky on a team if he were rated on hitting ability alone\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Vaughan was 40.Vaughan's nephew Glenn Vaughan had a brief major league career with the Houston Colt .45s in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | 1935",
"text": "In 1935, Vaughan had what is universally recognized as his best season."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor leagues",
"text": "On April 7, 1932, Vaughan was acquired from the Oilers by the Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Establishing himself",
"text": "Vaughan solidified his position as the Pirates' starting shortstop in 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Establishing himself",
"text": "Vaughan took his game up another notch in 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Vaughan married his wife, Margaret, in 1931, and they had four children."
}
] |
Arky Vaughan had five kids.
| 0 | 3 |
Arky Vaughan
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Exo releases and performs music in Korean, Mandarin, and Japanese."
}
] |
LSx6XKyLuRqyDB89mkSE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 2014, Exo has exclusively performed as one group, while continuing to release and perform music in multiple languages."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2012: Formation and early years",
"text": "The two sub-groups promoted the album separately; Exo-K performed on South Korean music program The Music Trend while Exo-M performed on the Top Chinese Music Awards in Shenzhen on the same day."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2012: Formation and early years",
"text": "Exo was awarded Best New Asian Group at the 2012 Mnet Asian Music Awards and the Newcomer Award at the Golden Disc Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Exo has won many awards for their albums, including five consecutive Album of the Year wins at the Mnet Asian Music Awards and two consecutive Artist of the Year wins at the Melon Music Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musicality",
"text": "\"The group has frequently worked with veteran Korean and international producers, including Kenzie, Dean, LDN Noise, The Underdogs, and MARZ Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Exo releases and performs music in Korean, Mandarin, and Japanese."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musicality",
"text": "Many of Exo's songs – especially the singles, which blend pop, hip-hop, and R&B with electronic dance music genres like house, trap, and synth-pop– are produced with onstage performance in mind."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musicality",
"text": "\" The group explored a more \"mature\" and \"dark\" sound in 2016 with the release of their third studio album, Ex'Act, featuring an increased use of electronic dance music styles like house and synth-pop."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "grand prize) awards won at the Mnet Asian Music Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 2011, SM Entertainment CEO, Lee Soo-man, revealed plans to debut a new boy band that would be divided into two sub-groups, promoting the same music simultaneously in South Korea and China by performing songs in both Korean and Mandarin."
}
] |
The music group Exo performs music in two prominent Asian languages.
| 0 | 0 |
Exo (band)
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Konark Sun Temple (Konark Surya Mandir) is a 13th-century CE Sun temple at Konark about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast from Puri on the coastline of Odisha, India."
}
] |
LTfo56rwvBlAE8Md0p2O
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple is located in an eponymous village (now NAC Area) about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Puri and 65 kilometres (40 mi) southeast of Bhubaneswar on the Bay of Bengal coastline in the Indian state of Odisha."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Konark in texts",
"text": "The current Konark temple dates to the 13th century, though evidence suggests that a sun temple was built in the Konark area by at least the 9th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple has attracted conflicting reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The context of the term Kona is unclear, but probably refers to the southeast location of this temple either within a larger temple complex or in relation to other sun temples on the subcontinent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Konark Sun Temple (Konark Surya Mandir) is a 13th-century CE Sun temple at Konark about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast from Puri on the coastline of Odisha, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple was built from stone in the form of a giant ornamented chariot dedicated to the Sun god, Surya."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Other temples and monuments",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple complex has ruins of many subsidiary shrines and monuments around the main temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "According to Coomaraswamy, the Konark Sun Temple marks the high point of the Odisha style of Nagara architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and ruins",
"text": "After the Sun Temple ceased to attract faithful, Konark became deserted, left to disappear in dense forests for years."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Hindu deities",
"text": "The upper levels and terrace of the Konark Sun temple contain larger and more significant works of art than the lower level."
}
] |
Konark Sun Temple is located in Africa.
| 0 | 0 |
Konark Sun Temple
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world."
}
] |
LTstS4B6JwGC4RkC57I5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Kingdom of Great Britain",
"text": "On 1 May 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain was formed, the result of Acts of Union being passed by the parliaments of England and Scotland to ratify the 1706 Treaty of Union and so unite the two kingdoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and terminology",
"text": "The Acts of Union 1800 united the kingdom of Great Britain and the kingdom of Ireland in 1801, forming the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "History | From the union with Ireland to the end of the First World War",
"text": "The term \"United Kingdom\" became official in 1801 when the parliaments of Great Britain and Ireland each passed an Act of Union, uniting the two kingdoms and creating the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Administrative divisions",
"text": "Administrative arrangements were developed separately in each country of the United Kingdom, with origins which often pre-dated the formation of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and terminology",
"text": "The adjective \"British\" is commonly used to refer to matters relating to the United Kingdom and is used in law to refer to United Kingdom citizenship and matters to do with nationality."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Interwar years and the Second World War",
"text": "Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Dependencies",
"text": "Internationally, they are regarded as \"territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Migration",
"text": "The United Kingdom has experienced successive waves of migration."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cinema",
"text": "The United Kingdom has had a considerable influence on the history of the cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Dependencies",
"text": "The United Kingdom has sovereignty over seventeen territories which do not form part of the United Kingdom itself: fourteen British Overseas Territories and three Crown dependencies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world."
}
] |
United Kingdom is a peninsula.
| 0 | 0 |
United Kingdom
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herzog attended New Athens High School where he played basketball and baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herzog drew interest from the college basketball programs at Saint Louis University and Illinois."
}
] |
LUXQ7pXKwOXNrkGME2WI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "While playing for the McAlester Rockets in the Sooner State League in 1949 and 1950, a sportscaster gave Herzog the nickname \"Whitey\" due to his light blonde hair and resemblance to blonde Yankees"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herzog attended New Athens High School where he played basketball and baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herzog drew interest from the college basketball programs at Saint Louis University and Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1953, during the Korean War, Herzog briefly interrupted his playing career to join the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, during which time he was stationed at Fort Leonard Wood in Missouri and managed the camp's baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In reference to his success as a player versus his success as a manager, Herzog once said, \"Baseball has been good to me since I quit trying to play it.\" (Herzog has made this statement several times, most recently in an interview with Fox Sports Midwest which has aired several times in August and September 2007 during St. Louis Cardinals rain delays)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dorrel Norman Elvert \"Whitey\" Herzog (; born November 9, 1931) is an American former professional baseball outfielder and manager, most notable for his Major League Baseball (MLB) managerial career."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "After being traded by New York as a prospect, he played for the Washington Senators (1956–1958), Kansas City Athletics (1958–1960), Baltimore Orioles (1961–62), and Detroit Tigers (1963)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "A left-handed batter and thrower, Herzog originally signed with the New York Yankees by scout Lou Maguolo."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In eight seasons, Herzog batted .257 with 25 home runs, 172 runs batted in, 213 runs scored, 60 doubles, 20 triples, and 13 stolen bases, in 634 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Player development",
"text": "After his playing career ended, Herzog rejoined the Athletics for two seasons, as a scout in 1964 and a coach in 1965."
}
] |
Whitey Herzog did play basketball.
| 0 | 0 |
Whitey Herzog
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo (1821–1844)",
"text": "Starting in September 1824, more than 6,000 African Americans migrated to Haiti, with transportation paid by the ACS."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo (1821–1844)",
"text": "Many found the conditions too harsh and returned to the United States."
}
] |
LW1lFYA9ruz6X90dEFMg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial era | Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)",
"text": "Inspired by the French Revolution of 1789 and principles of the rights of man, the French settlers and free people of color pressed for greater political freedom and more civil rights."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | United States occupation (1915–1934)",
"text": "However many infrastructure projects were built using the corvée system that allowed the government/occupying forces to take people from their homes and farms, at gunpoint if necessary, to build roads, bridges etc."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)",
"text": "Through the use of his intimidation tactics and executions, many intellectual Haitians had fled, leaving the country with a massive brain-drain that it has yet to recover from."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Racial discrimination",
"text": "As a result, the elite class today consists of a small group of influential people who are generally light in color and continue to establish themselves in high, prestigious positions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial era | Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)",
"text": "However an insurgency against French rule broke out in the east, and in the west there was fighting between Louverture's forces and the free people of color led by André Rigaud in the War of the Knives (1799–1800)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Emigration",
"text": "Emigrants from Haiti have constituted a segment of American and Canadian society since before the independence of Haiti from France in 1804."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo (1821–1844)",
"text": "Struggling to revive the agricultural economy to produce commodity crops, Boyer passed the Code Rural, which denied peasant laborers the right to leave the land, enter the towns, or start farms or shops of their own, causing much resentment as most peasants wished to have their own farms rather than work on plantations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial era | French rule (1625–1804)",
"text": "The free people of color petitioned the colonial government to expand their rights."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial era | Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)",
"text": "Many surviving free people of color left the island as refugees."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)",
"text": "He advanced black interests in the public sector, where over time, people of color had predominated as the educated urban elite."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo (1821–1844)",
"text": "Starting in September 1824, more than 6,000 African Americans migrated to Haiti, with transportation paid by the ACS."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independent Haiti | Haitian invasion of Santo Domingo (1821–1844)",
"text": "Many found the conditions too harsh and returned to the United States."
}
] |
People of color from the US who fled to Haiti before the American Civil War took advantage of land grants in establishing farming collectives with their relatives.
| 0 | 0 |
Haiti
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Polk is chiefly known for extending the territory of the United States during the Mexican–American War; during his presidency, the United States expanded significantly with the annexation of the Republic of Texas, the Oregon Territory, and the Mexican Cession following the American victory in the Mexican–American War."
}
] |
LXPUcgv4YYDvesaMyb8z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Election of 1844 | Democratic nomination",
"text": "\"Who is James K. Polk?\", affecting never to have heard of him."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1844 | Democratic nomination",
"text": "With the republic largely populated by American emigres, those on both sides of the Sabine River border between the U.S. and Texas deemed it inevitable that Texas would join the United States, but this would anger Mexico, which considered Texas a breakaway province, and threatened war if the United States annexed it."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "Polk was not again the subject of a major biography until 1922, when Eugene I. McCormac published James K. Polk: A Political Biography."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1845–1849) | Foreign policy | Annexation of Texas",
"text": "He also sent Congressman Archibald Yell of Arkansas as his personal emissary, taking his private assurance that the United States would defend Texas, and would fix its southern border at the Rio Grande, as claimed by Texas, rather than at the Nueces River, as claimed by Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was the 11th president of the United States, serving from 1845 to 1849."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1845–1849) | Foreign policy | Annexation of Texas",
"text": "In December 1845, Polk signed a resolution annexing Texas, and it became the 28th state."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1845–1849) | Foreign policy | Other initiatives",
"text": "The United States would use the rights granted under the Mallarino-Bidlack Treaty as a justification for its military interventions in Latin America through the remainder of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1845–1849) | Foreign policy | Mexican-American War | Course of the war",
"text": "In the United States, a heated political debate emerged regarding how much of Mexico the United States should seek to annex, Whigs such as Henry Clay arguing that the United States should only seek to settle the Texas border question, and some expansionists arguing for the annexation of all of Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Polk is chiefly known for extending the territory of the United States during the Mexican–American War; during his presidency, the United States expanded significantly with the annexation of the Republic of Texas, the Oregon Territory, and the Mexican Cession following the American victory in the Mexican–American War."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1844 | Democratic nomination",
"text": "A Texas not in the United States would also stand in the way of what was deemed America's Manifest Destiny to overspread the continent."
}
] |
James K. Polk was the president of the United States and was president while Texas joined the US.
| 0 | 0 |
James K. Polk
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Old Curiosity Shop is one of two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) which Charles Dickens published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, from 1840 to 1841."
}
] |
LXcEXbK2knmyGmpWhdap
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Background",
"text": "The events of the book seem to take place around 1825."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Old Curiosity Shop is one of two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) which Charles Dickens published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, from 1840 to 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "There were several silent film adaptations of the novel including two directed by Thomas Bentley: The Old Curiosity Shop (1914) The Old Curiosity Shop (1921) Nelly, an opera based on the novel, by Italian composer Lamberto Landi, was composed in 1916; it premiered in Lucca in 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Other characters",
"text": "Briefly mentioned as travelling to Great Britain and the wider world following his disappearance from the story, before being found injured and drowned in the River Seine after the story's conclusion."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "\"Dickens's original artistic intent was to keep the short stories and the novels together, and the short stories and the novels were published in 1840 in three bound volumes under the title Master Humphrey's Clock, which retains the original full and correct ordering of texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "Once the novel was ended, Master Humphrey's Clock added a concluding scene, where Master Humphrey's friends (after he has finished reading the novel to them) complain that the 'single gentleman' is never given a name; Master Humphrey tells them that the novel was a true story, that the 'single gentleman' was in fact Master Humphrey himself, and that the events of the first three chapters were fictitious, intended only to introduce the characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Other characters",
"text": "Initially a major character in the novel and highly influential over Richard Swiveller"
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to actual history, geography",
"text": "At one time it functioned as a dairy on an estate given by King Charles II to one of his many mistresses."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The filmmakers were hoping to cash in on the recent success of Oliver!, which was also based on a Dickens classic, but the film was notably unsuccessful."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Major characters",
"text": "His mother is concerned about his attachment to Nell, and at one point jokes, 'some people would say that you'd fallen in love with her', at which Kit becomes very bashful and tries to change the subject."
}
] |
The Old Curiosity Shop is one of three novels and is said to be based around 1825.
| 0 | 0 |
The Old Curiosity Shop
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and their friend Al Jardine."
}
] |
LXlZ0NZC36Dwy7p6isZR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: Faltered popularity and Brian's reduced involvement | Friends, 20/20, and Manson affair",
"text": "In support of the Friends album, Love had arranged for the Beach Boys to tour with the Maharishi in the U.S.."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: Faltered popularity and Brian's reduced involvement | Friends, 20/20, and Manson affair",
"text": "The following Beach Boys album Friends had songs influenced by the Transcendental Meditation taught by the Maharishi."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: Faltered popularity and Brian's reduced involvement | Friends, 20/20, and Manson affair",
"text": "According to Leaf, \"The entire Wilson family reportedly feared for their lives.\" In November 1969, three months after the Tate–LaBianca murders, Manson was apprehended by the police, and his connections with the Beach Boys was the subject of media attention."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and their friend Al Jardine."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1978: Reprise era | So Tough, Holland, and greatest hits LPs",
"text": "The album was a catalyst in creating a wave of nostalgia that reintroduced the Beach Boys into contemporary American consciousness."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1958–1961: Formation",
"text": "Family gatherings brought the Wilsons in contact with cousin Mike Love."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1958–1961: Formation",
"text": "Brian suggested to Jardine that they team up with his cousin and brother Carl."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1962–1967: Peak years | Pet Sounds",
"text": "When the other Beach Boys returned from a three-week tour of Japan and Hawaii, they were presented with a substantial portion of the new album, and various reports suggest that they fought over the new direction."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1962–1967: Peak years | \"Good Vibrations\" and Smile",
"text": "The reporter nevertheless added that \"The sensational success of the Beach Boys ... is being taken as a portent that the popularity of the top British groups of the last three years is past its peak."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1962–1967: Peak years | \"Good Vibrations\" and Smile",
"text": "The group established a short-lived film production company, called Home Movies, to create live action film and television properties starring the Beach Boys."
}
] |
Three siblings, their cousin and a friend of theirs created The Beach Boys.
| 3 | 5 |
The Beach Boys
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "Many of the TV jingles he composed he would also perform, including State Farm Insurance (\"Like a good neighbor, State Farm is there\") or Band-Aid (\"I am stuck on Band-Aid, 'cause Band-Aid's stuck on me!\"), for which he adopted a childlike voice and wrote the music (Donald B Wood wrote the lyrics)."
}
] |
LYGnu83dRoPM7XA0nLiP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "Manilow also composed the score and wrote two songs with Bruce Sussman for Disney Sing Along Songs: Let's Go To The Circus."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "The endowments were part of a continuing endeavor by Manilow to recognize and encourage new musical talent."
},
{
"section_header": "In media",
"text": "Manilow said in a statement that he was specifically told in writing that the concert would be part of a non-partisan event."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "They wrote new songs and it ran for two years on the London West End, and a tour company formed."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected TV and movie appearances",
"text": "singing his new hit \" In Search of Love\" In 1985 Barry wrote and starred in the Television movie Copacabana, a musical which was inspired by his 1978 song \"Copacabana\" On September 17, 1987, he appeared in the star-studded CBS special"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "Instead, Manilow wrote an entire original score."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "On July 4, 2013, Manilow performed live on the west lawn of the U.S. Capitol as part of A Capitol Fourth."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected TV and movie appearances",
"text": "On March 21–22, 2006, Manilow returned to American Idol in season five when 1950s music was the theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "He performed 14 concerts as part of an extended tour covering Germany, Austria and Denmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "Barry Manilow: Songs from the Seventies, a PBS concert special based on the work, was taped in Manilow's home town, Brooklyn, October 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "Many of the TV jingles he composed he would also perform, including State Farm Insurance (\"Like a good neighbor, State Farm is there\") or Band-Aid (\"I am stuck on Band-Aid, 'cause Band-Aid's stuck on me!\"), for which he adopted a childlike voice and wrote the music (Donald B Wood wrote the lyrics)."
}
] |
Barry Manilow wrote part of the theme song for a well-known brand of adhesive bandages.
| 0 | 0 |
Barry Manilow
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, Jurassic World has an approval rating of 70% based on 349 reviews and an average rating of 6.64/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 59 out of 100 based on 49 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\"."
}
] |
LYU8mx4jcw1x5Qc4Fv6E
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \"Jurassic World can't match the original for sheer inventiveness and impact, but it works in its own right as an entertaining -- and visually dazzling -- popcorn thriller."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "OK, Jurassic World is a little of that."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Spielberg said, \"To see Jurassic World come to life is almost like seeing Jurassic Park come true,\" while Sam Neill also praised the film and its acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Scientific accuracy",
"text": "Jurassic World was criticized for purposely ignoring new discoveries and knowledge."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Several journalists have noted plot and character similarities between Jurassic World and the 1999 film Deep Blue Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, Jurassic World has an approval rating of 70% based on 349 reviews and an average rating of 6.64/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Christopher Rosen, Senior News Director at Entertainment Weekly, tweeted that \"Jurassic World is my favorite Deep Blue Sea remake of 2015\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Pop culture website The Complex stated Jurassic World is \"basically going to be the big budget Deep Blue Sea re-imagining that we all deserve."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Entertainment website Dark Horizons stated in its coverage of Jurassic World that \"some aren't warming to the Deep Blue Sea meets Jaws 3-D storyline\", while entertainment website Flickering Myth posted the story \"Deja Vu: Isn't Jurassic World just Deep Blue Sea with dinosaurs?\", which outlined plot and character similarities between the two films."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "UK film website Movie Metropolis called Jurassic World a tasteful homage to the original but said it lacks some of that film's soul and rated it four stars out of five."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" On Metacritic, the film has a score of 59 out of 100 based on 49 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\"."
}
] |
Jurassic World had a mediocre critical reception.
| 0 | 0 |
Jurassic World
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg got her first programming job in 1969."
}
] |
LYieKp64bjhqcerWsGBw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg got her first programming job in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "As of 2017 this program is known as the Women Techmakers Scholars Program."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Systers",
"text": "In 1987, Borg founded Systers, the first email network for women in technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "Several other awards and programs honor Borg's life and work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1986, she began working for Digital Equipment Corporation, where she spent 12 years, first at the Western Research Laboratory."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing",
"text": "The first Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing was held in Washington, D.C., in June 1994, and brought together 500 technical women."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "The program has expanded to include women in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "Since its foundation, the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology has increased its programs in the United States and expanded internationally, more than quadrupling in size."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "It ran a variety of programs to increase the role of technology, build the pipeline of technical women, and ensure that women's voices affected technological developments."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "After receiving her PhD, Borg spent four years building a fault tolerant Unix-based operating system, first for Auragen Systems Corp. of New Jersey and then with Nixdorf Computer in Germany."
}
] |
Anita Borg got her first programming job in 1965.
| 2 | 3 |
Anita Borg
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also had frequent encounters with Black Hawk and other Sauk people on Boston Common, and he drew from Algic Researches (1839) and other writings by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, an ethnographer and United States Indian agent, and from Heckewelder's Narratives."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques",
"text": "Longfellow used Henry Rowe Schoolcraft as a source of Native American legend."
}
] |
LYs6v2Yr4Kf1hCmL3b0a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow which features Native American characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "1855 December 28. \" Longfellow's Poem\": The Song of Hiawatha, Anonymous review."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques | Historical Iroquois Hiawatha",
"text": "In his notes to the poem, Longfellow cites Schoolcraft as a source for a tradition prevalent among the North American Indians, of a personage of miraculous birth, who was sent among them to clear their rivers, forests, and fishing-grounds, and to teach them the arts of peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques | Inspiration from the Finnish Kalevala",
"text": "\" Trochaic is not a correct descriptor for Ojibwe oratory, song, or storytelling, but Schoolcraft was writing long before the study of Native American linguistics had come of age."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques",
"text": "Longfellow used Henry Rowe Schoolcraft as a source of Native American legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Reception and influence",
"text": "The Grolier Club named The Song of Hiawatha the most influential book of 1855."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Artistic use",
"text": "Her father was Haitian and her mother was Native American and African American."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Reception and influence",
"text": "He claimed The Song of Hiawatha was \"Plagiarism\" in the Washington National Intelligencer of November 27, 1855."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques | Indian words recorded by Longfellow",
"text": "Though the majority of the Native American words included in the text accurately reflect pronunciation and definitions, some words appear incomplete."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Artistic use",
"text": "Early paintings were by artists who concentrated on authentic American Native subjects."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also had frequent encounters with Black Hawk and other Sauk people on Boston Common, and he drew from Algic Researches (1839) and other writings by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, an ethnographer and United States Indian agent, and from Heckewelder's Narratives."
}
] |
The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 poem by Longfellow, who was inspired by the teachings of Native Americans he had befriended.
| 0 | 0 |
The Song of Hiawatha
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelma Ritter (February 14, 1902 – February 5, 1969) was an American actress, best known for her comedic roles as working-class characters and her strong New York accent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ritter's acting career began as a teenager, when she appeared in high-school plays and stock companies."
}
] |
LYuVQvmlo06y9qtRoQos
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The current record for all actors is Peter O'Toole with eight nominations without a win, followed by Richard Burton and Close with seven nominations respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 1955, Thelma Ritter co-hosted the Oscar ceremony, notably trading wisecracks with Bob Hope."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ritter's acting career began as a teenager, when she appeared in high-school plays and stock companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelma Ritter (February 14, 1902 – February 5, 1969) was an American actress, best known for her comedic roles as working-class characters and her strong New York accent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although she subsequently struggled to establish a stage career, Ritter decided to take a hiatus from acting to raise her two children—Monica and Joe—by her husband Joseph Moran (whom she married in 1927), who was also an actor, but changed professions in the mid-1930s, opting to become an agent and then an advertising executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ritter was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1902, the first child of Charles and Lucy Ritter, both natives of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ritter did stock theater and radio shows early in her career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mankiewicz kept Ritter in mind, and cast her as Birdie in All About Eve (1950), which earned her an Oscar nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Ritter died of a heart attack in New York City in 1969, nine days before her 67th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Tony Award In 1958, Ritter won a Tony Award in rare tie (with her co-star, Gwen Verdon, for their work in New Girl."
}
] |
Thelma Ritter became an actor at the age of eight. teenager
| 1 | 4 |
Thelma Ritter
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rigel , designated β Orionis (Latinized to Beta Orionis, abbreviated Beta Ori, β Ori), is a blue supergiant star in the constellation of Orion, approximately 860 light-years (260 pc) from Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "Rigel is expected to eventually end its stellar life as a type II supernova."
}
] |
LYyavUo23nf6Iv44JMJL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "These pulsations are stronger and more numerous in stars that have evolved through a red supergiant phase and then increased in temperature to again become a blue supergiant."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rigel , designated β Orionis (Latinized to Beta Orionis, abbreviated Beta Ori, β Ori), is a blue supergiant star in the constellation of Orion, approximately 860 light-years (260 pc) from Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "In the Southern Hemisphere, Rigel is the first bright star of Orion visible as the constellation rises."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "Estimation of many physical characteristics of blue supergiant stars, including Rigel, is challenging due to their rarity and uncertainty about how far they are from the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "With the constellation representing the mythological Greek huntsman Orion, Rigel is his knee or (as its name suggests) foot; with the nearby star Beta Eridani marking Orion's footstool."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With an estimated age of 7 to 9 million years, Rigel has exhausted its core hydrogen fuel, expanded and cooled to become a supergiant."
},
{
"section_header": "Stellar system",
"text": "Rigel (sometimes called Rigel A to distinguish from the other components) has a visual companion, which is likely a close triple-star system."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "Rigel is expected to eventually end its stellar life as a type II supernova."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature",
"text": "The \"beta\" designation is commonly given to the second-brightest star in each constellation, but Rigel is almost always brighter than α Orionis (Betelgeuse)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rigel is the brightest and most massive component—and the eponym—of a star system of at least four stars that appear as a single blue-white point of light to the naked eye."
}
] |
A blue supergiant star in the constellation of Orion called Rigel will eventually become a neutron star.
| 1 | 6 |
Rigel
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem allegorises the role of the poet as the voice of change and revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Perhaps more than anything else, Shelley wanted his message of reform and revolution spread, and the wind becomes the trope for spreading the word of change through the poet-prophet figure."
}
] |
LZAN9xpji4JNdgzVsz81
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to the West Wind\" is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 near Florence, Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The poem \"Ode to the West Wind\" consists of five sections (cantos) written in terza rima."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The Ode is written in iambic pentameter."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | First Canto",
"text": "However, one must not think of this ode as an optimistic praise of the wind; it is clearly associated with autumn."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Third Canto",
"text": "This refers to the effect of west wind in the water."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Fourth Canto",
"text": "With this knowledge, the West Wind becomes a different meaning."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Third Canto",
"text": "This again shows the influence of the west wind which announces the change of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | First Canto",
"text": "The first stanza begins with the alliteration \"wild West Wind\" (line 1)."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Fourth Canto",
"text": "Whereas the cantos one to three began with \"O wild West Wind\" and \"Thou\" (15, 29) and were clearly directed to the wind, there is a change in the fourth canto."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Second Canto",
"text": "Line 21 begins with \"Of some fierce Maenad\" and again the west wind is part of the second canto of the poem; here he is two things at once: first he is \"dirge/"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem allegorises the role of the poet as the voice of change and revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Perhaps more than anything else, Shelley wanted his message of reform and revolution spread, and the wind becomes the trope for spreading the word of change through the poet-prophet figure."
}
] |
Ode to the West Wind is an ode to British colonialism.
| 0 | 0 |
Ode to the West Wind
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a Welsh statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922."
}
] |
LZBHOJGH0Fn2PGAhnT58
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lloyd George served in Henry Campbell-Bannerman's cabinet from 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a Welsh statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister (1916–1922) | War leader (1916–1918) | Passchendaele",
"text": "A new Italian offensive began (18 August), but Robertson advised that it was \"false strategy\" to call off Passchendaele to send reinforcements to Italy, and despite being summoned to George Riddell's home in Sussex, where he was served apple pudding (his favourite dish), agreed only reluctantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He declined an offer to serve in Winston Churchill's War Cabinet in 1940 and was raised to the peerage in 1945, shortly before his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Later political career (1922–1945) | Liberal leader",
"text": "In 1929 Lloyd George became Father of the House (longest-serving member of the Commons), an honorific position without power."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister (1916–1922) | Postwar Prime Minister (1918–1922) | Paris 1919",
"text": "Lloyd George represented Britain at the Paris Peace Conference, clashing with the French Prime Minister, Georges Clemenceau, the US President, Woodrow Wilson, and the Italian Prime Minister, Vittorio Orlando."
},
{
"section_header": "Member of Parliament | Opposes Education Act of 1902",
"text": "The Act served to reunify the Liberals after their divisions over the Boer War, and to increase Nonconformist influence in the party, which then included educational reform as policy in the 1906 election, which resulted in a Liberal landslide."
},
{
"section_header": "Member of Parliament",
"text": "He served as the legal adviser of Theodor Herzl in his negotiations with the British government regarding the Uganda Scheme, proposed as an alternative homeland for the Jews due to Turkish refusal to grant a charter for Jewish settlement in Palestine."
},
{
"section_header": "Member of Parliament | Opposes Education Act of 1902",
"text": "His successful amendment that county councils need only fund those schools where the buildings were in good repair served to make the Act a dead letter in Wales, where the counties were able to show that most Church of England schools were in poor repair."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister (1916–1922) | War leader (1916–1918) | Crises of 1918",
"text": "Instead of going to the prime minister about the problem Maurice had waited and then broke King's Regulations by making a public attack."
}
] |
David Lloyd George served as Prime Minister.
| 0 | 0 |
David Lloyd George
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the fourth of five children of Chad Brown Chesebrough, a shoemaker, and Martha Jane Fralensburgh."
}
] |
LZdiQhzmgwteiqD4hsf8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "There, an inmate gave Chesbro the nickname \"Happy Jack\", due to his pleasant demeanor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some view Chesbro's 41 wins in a season as an unbreakable record."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"However , Chesbro's induction is considered dubious, as his overall career was overshadowed by his 1904 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-MLB career",
"text": "Chesbro's request for reinstatement as a free agent was granted in March, while the Highlanders granted him his unconditional release."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Happy Jack\", Chesbro played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1899–1902), the New York Highlanders (1903–1909), and the Boston Red Sox (1909)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Chesbro's 1904 record for games won in a season (41 wins) has stood for over a century—one of the oldest major records in baseball, or in any other sport."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "Even after Chesbro's death in 1931, his widow, with the support of former Highlanders manager Clark Griffith, continued to claim that the pitch was a passed ball, and blamed the winning run on catcher Red Kleinow."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chesbro's 1904 pitching totals of 51 games started and 48 complete games also fall into the same historical category as his 1904 wins total, as they are all-time American League single-season records."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though some pitchers have won more games in some seasons prior to 1901, historians demarcating 1901 as the beginning of 'modern-era' major league baseball refer to and credit Jack Chesbro and his 1904 win-total as the modern era major league record and its holder."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In particular, James compared Chesbro's statistics to those of former Pittsburgh Pirate teammates Deacon Phillippe (189–109, 2.59), Sam Leever (194–100, 2.47), and Jesse Tannehill (197–117, 2.80), none of whom are in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the fourth of five children of Chad Brown Chesebrough, a shoemaker, and Martha Jane Fralensburgh."
}
] |
Jack Chesbro's dad was a cobbler.
| 0 | 0 |
Jack Chesbro
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "McCarthy was survived by his wife, Jean, and their adopted daughter, Tierney."
}
] |
LZmC4wqCn3Bmq6oermw7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Support from Roman Catholics and the Kennedy family",
"text": "It has been stated that McCarthy was godfather to Robert F. Kennedy's first child, Kathleen Kennedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "McCarthy was born in 1908 on a farm in the town of Grand Chute in Outagamie County, Wisconsin, the fifth of seven children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "The Wisconsin Supreme Court reversed a low percentage of the cases he heard, but he was also censured in 1941 for having lost evidence in a price fixing case."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Wisconsin had strict divorce laws, but when McCarthy heard divorce cases, he expedited them whenever possible, and he made the needs of children involved in contested divorces a priority."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Edward R. Murrow, See It Now",
"text": "Titled \"A Report on Senator Joseph R. McCarthy\", the episode consisted largely of clips of McCarthy speaking."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years",
"text": "After his condemnation and censure, Joseph McCarthy continued to perform his senatorial duties for another two and a half years."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Army–McCarthy hearings",
"text": "The most famous incident in the hearings was an exchange between McCarthy and the army's chief legal representative, Joseph Nye Welch."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Support from Roman Catholics and the Kennedy family",
"text": "McCarthy became a close friend of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., himself a fervent anti-Communist, and he was also a frequent guest at the Kennedy compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Support from Roman Catholics and the Kennedy family",
"text": "McCarthy did not campaign for Kennedy's 1952 opponent, Republican incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., due to his friendship with the Kennedys and, reportedly, a $50,000 donation from Joseph Kennedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "McCarthy was survived by his wife, Jean, and their adopted daughter, Tierney."
}
] |
Joseph McCarthy had a female child, but did not have any biological children.
| 0 | 4 |
Joseph McCarthy
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Big Red Machine",
"text": "From 1972 onward he starred at first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman and third baseman from 1964 through 1986, most notably as a member of the Cincinnati Reds dynasty that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1970 and 1976."
}
] |
LZnBnUX3pjZwNkopRGCW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He played Major League Baseball for 13 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Tony and his parents and siblings all lived in a two-bedroom row house owned by the sugar mill where Tony's father, and eventually Tony, worked."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Tony has stated that, during his playing career, his family in Cuba would listen to the Voice of America, which would give daily updates on Cuban players playing in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman and third baseman from 1964 through 1986, most notably as a member of the Cincinnati Reds dynasty that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1970 and 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "Pérez became the Reds' starter at third base in 1967 and was selected to his first All-Star team in 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Big Red Machine",
"text": "After platooning and playing first base in the early part of his career (1964–66) with the Cincinnati Reds, he became a perennial all-star starting at third base from 1967 to 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atanacio \"Tony\" Pérez Rigal (born May 14, 1942), is a Cuban-American former professional baseball player, coach and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "For San Diego that year, in 8 games he hit .379 with 1 home run and 5 RBI.Playing for the Padres in 1964, Pérez, now playing first base, was named Most Valuable Player in the Pacific Coast League."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "In his debut he started at first base, and in his first at-bat"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Big Red Machine",
"text": "From 1972 onward he starred at first base."
}
] |
Major League Baseball player Tony Perez eventually became proficient at first base.
| 0 | 0 |
Tony Pérez
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death | Aftermath",
"text": "After Fossey's death, her entire staff were arrested."
}
] |
LZr9oGklX6EcUoMvg7RA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death | Aftermath",
"text": "After Fossey's death, her entire staff were arrested."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Her love for animals began with her first pet goldfish and continued throughout her entire life."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to poaching",
"text": "Fossey helped in the arrest of several poachers, some of whom served or are serving long prison sentences."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Research in the Congo",
"text": "Fossey eventually escaped through bribery to Walter Baumgärtel's Travellers Rest Hotel in Kisoro, where her escort was arrested by the Ugandan military."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Wayne Richard McGuire, Fossey's last research assistant at Karisoke, was summoned to the scene by Fossey's house servant and found her bludgeoned to death, reporting that \"when I reached down to check her vital signs, I saw her face had been split, diagonally, with one machete blow."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Biographies",
"text": "The author gives a candid and vivid portrait of Fossey's mercurial personality, her ill treatment of staff and research students, and her alcohol-fueled tirades."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Aftermath",
"text": "Following his return to the U.S., McGuire gave a brief statement at a news conference in Century City, Los Angeles, saying Fossey had been his \"friend and mentor\", calling her death \"tragic\" and the charges \"outrageous\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to poaching",
"text": "While hunting had been illegal in the national park of the Virunga Volcanoes in Rwanda since the 1920s, the law was rarely enforced by park conservators, who were often bribed by poachers and paid a salary less than Fossey's own African staff."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In the early morning of December 27, 1985, Fossey was discovered murdered in the bedroom of her cabin located at the far edge of the camp in the Virunga Mountains, Rwanda."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Her body was found face-up near the two beds where she slept, roughly 7 feet (2 m) away from a hole that her assailant(s) had apparently cut in the wall of the cabin."
}
] |
After her death her entire staff was arrested.
| 2 | 6 |
Dian Fossey
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In July 2015, the commission backed a third runway at Heathrow, which the government approved in October 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heathrow is the second busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic, as well as the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic, and the seventh busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic."
}
] |
LZwiiDbVGrHlYydl3XTa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, the England and Wales Court of Appeal rejected this plan for a third runway at Heathrow, due to concerns about climate change and the environmental impact of aviation."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Regulation",
"text": "Heathrow Airport Holdings has also proposed building a third runway to the north of the airport, which would significantly increase traffic capacity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heathrow is the second busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic, as well as the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic, and the seventh busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "In 2003, after many studies and consultations, the Future of Air Transport White Paper was published which proposed a third runway at Heathrow, as well as a second runway at Stansted Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "Each of the three proposals that were to be considered by Sir Howard Davies's commission involved the construction of a third runway, either to the north, northwest or southwest of the airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Traffic and statistics | Busiest routes",
"text": "The table below shows the 10 busiest international routes at the airport in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "After the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition took power, it was announced that the third runway expansion was cancelled."
},
{
"section_header": "Traffic and statistics | Overview",
"text": "Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Beijing Capital International Airport, Dubai International Airport, Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, and Tokyo Haneda Airport, for the 12 months ending December 2015.In 2015, Heathrow was the busiest airport in Europe in total passenger traffic, with 14% more passengers than Paris–Charles de Gaulle Airport and 22% more than Istanbul Atatürk Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | New transport proposals",
"text": "A 2009 proposal to create a southern link with London Waterloo via the Waterloo–Reading line was abandoned in 2011 due to lack of funding and difficulties with a high number of level crossings on the route into London, and a plan to link Heathrow to the planned High Speed 2 (HS2) railway line (with a new station, Heathrow Hub) was also dropped from the HS2 plans in March 2015.Among other schemes that have been considered is a rapid transport link between Heathrow and Gatwick Airports, known as Heathwick, which would allow the airports to operate jointly as an airline hub; In 2018, the Department for Transport began to invite proposals for privately funded rail links to Heathrow Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Future expansion and plans | Runway and terminal expansion",
"text": "There is a long history of expansion proposals for Heathrow since it was first designated as a civil airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In July 2015, the commission backed a third runway at Heathrow, which the government approved in October 2016."
}
] |
Heathrow Airport had a proposal to build a third runway as it is the busiest airport in Europe but it was cancelled due to environmental concerns.
| 0 | 0 |
Heathrow Airport
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In March 2014, CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season, which was later announced to be the series' last."
}
] |
LasPHjHIqCU67uIAip9u
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters | Main",
"text": "Despite his absence, he is mentioned often in seasons 11 and 12 and makes an uncredited cameo via archive footage in season 12, as well as returning briefly in person in the series finale."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sheen's contract was terminated the following month and he was written out of the show after it was confirmed that Sheen would not be returning to the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Rose returns and briefly dates Walden, later stalking him as she did to Charlie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In March 2014, CBS renewed the series for a twelfth season, which was later announced to be the series' last."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "In April 2011, Sheen mentioned during a radio interview after his tour's stop in Boston that CBS and he were talking about a possible return to the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters | Main",
"text": "On October 2, 2013, after the season-11 premiere had aired, Tamblyn was promoted to a series regular."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2013, CBS renewed the series for an eleventh season after closing one-year deals with Kutcher and Cryer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jones, who was attending college, was relegated to recurring status for season 11 but did not make an appearance until the series finale."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Sheen's dismissal and replacement",
"text": "The Nielsen ratings company reported that figure was higher than for any episode in the show's first eight seasons, when the series starred Sheen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "was released in 1991. In 2010, CBS and Warner Bros. Television reached a multiyear broadcasting agreement for the series, renewing it through at least the 2011–12 season."
}
] |
The series will return for a fourteenth season.
| 0 | 0 |
Two and a Half Men
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed \"Little Napoleon\" and \"Mugsy\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants."
}
] |
LaszzIDWxNytuPs2hhaC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "They had the younger John McGraw on April 7, 1873."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Style of play",
"text": "\" By 1895, some were singling out McGraw for his mouth."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Her condition worsened; and, surrounded by McGraw and other members of the family"
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous honors",
"text": "The John McGraw Monument stands in his hometown of Truxton."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Their last name was spelled \"McGrath\" but is pronounced \"McGraw\" in Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "It was there that the elder John McGraw married young Ellen Comerfort."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "It was during this game that McGraw gained his first renown as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Style of play",
"text": "\"McGraw is rather a light youngster to be so anxious to block men off the bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Style of play",
"text": "\"Voigt also wrote that McGraw had a reputation as a \"dirty player\" as of 1895"
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "According to Bill James, with McGraw \"the rules were well understood."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed \"Little Napoleon\" and \"Mugsy\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants."
}
] |
McGraw was referred to as "Little Napoleon" and "Mugsy".
| 0 | 0 |
John McGraw
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Evaporation",
"text": "In 1974, Hawking predicted that black holes are not entirely black but emit small amounts of thermal radiation at a temperature ℏ c3/(8 π G M kB); this effect has become known as Hawking radiation."
}
] |
LbM8IaQpgmZ3OHiUzAwD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Open questions | Information loss paradox",
"text": "According to research by physicists like Don Page and Leonard Susskind, there will eventually be a time by which an outgoing particle must be entangled with all the Hawking radiation the black hole has previously emitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Open questions | Information loss paradox",
"text": "According to quantum field theory in curved spacetime, a single emission of Hawking radiation involves two mutually entangled particles."
},
{
"section_header": "Open questions | Information loss paradox",
"text": "However, black holes slowly evaporate by emitting Hawking radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | General relativity | Golden age",
"text": "The analogy was completed when Hawking, in 1974, showed that quantum field theory implies that black holes should radiate like a black body with a temperature proportional to the surface gravity of the black hole, predicting the effect now known as Hawking radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Evaporation",
"text": "In 1974, Hawking predicted that black holes are not entirely black but emit small amounts of thermal radiation at a temperature ℏ c3/(8 π G M kB); this effect has become known as Hawking radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational evidence",
"text": "By nature, black holes do not themselves emit any electromagnetic radiation other than the hypothetical Hawking radiation, so astrophysicists searching for black holes must generally rely on indirect observations."
},
{
"section_header": "Open questions | Information loss paradox",
"text": "The outgoing particle escapes and is emitted as a quantum of Hawking radiation; the infalling particle is swallowed by the black hole."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Evaporation",
"text": "The Hawking radiation for an astrophysical black hole is predicted to be very weak and would thus be exceedingly difficult to detect from Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Open questions | Information loss paradox",
"text": "Then, it will emit only a finite amount of information encoded within its Hawking radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Evaporation",
"text": "Stellar-mass or larger black holes receive more mass from the cosmic microwave background than they emit through Hawking radiation and thus will grow instead of shrinking."
}
] |
Black holes release no radiation according to Hawking.
| 0 | 0 |
Black hole
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spain are one of the eight national teams to have been crowned worldwide champions, having participated in a total of 15 of 21 FIFA World Cups and qualifying consistently since 1978."
}
] |
Lbg2vZr5pUSV2C7c9oej
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because of this, from 2008 to 2013, the national team won the FIFA Team of the Year, the second-most of any nation, behind only Brazil."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This was Spain's first major title since the 1964 European Championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spain has also won three continental titles, having appeared at 10 of 15 UEFA European Championships."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Spain became the inaugural European national team to lift the World Cup trophy outside Europe; along with Brazil, Germany and Argentina, Spain is one of the four national teams to have won the FIFA World Cup outside its home continent."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "They became the first team to retain the European Championship, winning the final 4–0 against Italy, while Fernando Torres won the Golden Boot for top scorer of the tournament."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Style of play",
"text": "During Spain's most successful period between 2008 and 2012, the team played a style of football dubbed 'tiki-taka', a systems approach to football founded upon the ideal of team unity and a comprehensive understanding in the geometry of space on a football field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Spain national football team (Spanish: Selección Española de Fútbol) has represented Spain in international men's football competition since 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Spain won its first major international title when hosting the 1964 European Championship held in Spain, defeating the Soviet Union 2–1 in the final at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spain became the first European team to win a FIFA World Cup outside of Europe, having won the 2010 tournament in South Africa, as well as having won back-to-back European titles in Euro 2008 and Euro 2012, defeating Germany and Italy in the respective finals, making them the only national team with three consecutive major titles."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Kits and crest",
"text": "Rather than displaying the logo of the Spanish football federation, Spain's jersey traditionally features the coat of arms of Spain over the left breast."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spain are one of the eight national teams to have been crowned worldwide champions, having participated in a total of 15 of 21 FIFA World Cups and qualifying consistently since 1978."
}
] |
Spain's national football team has never won a FIFA championship.
| 0 | 0 |
Spain national football team
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He acquired his nickname, \"Crab\", due to his serious disposition, and willingness to argue, fight and insult sportswriters, umpires, opposing players, and rookies."
}
] |
LcdLibqYJzmTFRl4UcXm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak years and batting .400",
"text": "Similar to the first game, he did not leave the field and two police officers were called in and dragged Burkett from the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak years and batting .400",
"text": "Burkett was the second player in major league history to bat over .400 twice, the first being Ed Delahanty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jesse Cail Burkett (December 4, 1868 – May 27, 1953), nicknamed \"Crab\", was an American professional baseball left fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Burkett was born in Wheeling, West Virginia, to Granville and Ellen Burkett."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his playing career, Burkett managed in the minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Newspapers described Burkett as retiring from baseball in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Burkett died in Worcester, Massachusetts, on May 27, 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peak years and batting .400",
"text": "In the first game, Burkett and an umpire (Bill Wolf) got into a heated argument and Burkett was thrown out; when he did not leave the field, the umpire threatened to forfeit the game to Louisville."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Burkett managed sporadically in the minor leagues until 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Burkett holds the record for the most inside-the-park home runs in MLB history, with 55."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He acquired his nickname, \"Crab\", due to his serious disposition, and willingness to argue, fight and insult sportswriters, umpires, opposing players, and rookies."
}
] |
Jesse Burkett was sometimes called a name that referred to how grumpy he could be.
| 0 | 0 |
Jesse Burkett
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Clock",
"text": "The clocks were created to replace Bernini's bell towers which had to be torn down due to insufficient support."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock",
"text": "The left clock shows Rome time, the one of the right shows"
}
] |
LcrsmQVptcEH0iVLPkCZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Clock",
"text": "The left clock shows Rome time, the one of the right shows"
},
{
"section_header": "Clock",
"text": "The European mean time clock only shows an hour hand and it is about half an hour behind the rome time."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock",
"text": "European mean time. The statues are Christ the Redeemer,"
},
{
"section_header": "Bernini's furnishings | Pope Urban VIII and Bernini | Bernini's Towers",
"text": "\" The south tower was completed on time even in spite of these issues, but records show that in the wake of the unveiling the Pope was not content with what he saw"
},
{
"section_header": "Bells",
"text": "The European mean time also be an attempt to keep the Devil guessing about \"the day and the hour.\" The Basilica has 6 bells, placed in the room under the Roman clock, only 3 of them are visible from ground level while the rest are hidden behind the bourdon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Peter's burial site",
"text": "It is one of several ancient Obelisks of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Treasures | Artworks | Towers and narthex",
"text": "The clock on the left has been operated electrically since 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Saint Peter's burial site",
"text": "His execution was one of the many martyrdoms of Christians following the Great Fire of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Treasures | Artworks | Nave",
"text": "Along the floor of the nave are markers showing the comparative lengths of other churches, starting from the entrance."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Dome: successive and final designs | Michelangelo and Giacomo della Porta, 1547 and 1585",
"text": "Stefan du Pérac's engraving (1569) shows a hemispherical dome, but this was perhaps an inaccuracy of the engraver."
},
{
"section_header": "Clock",
"text": "The clocks were created to replace Bernini's bell towers which had to be torn down due to insufficient support."
}
] |
The left clock shows Rome time, the one on the right shows European time.
| 2 | 6 |
St. Peter's Basilica
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Transport",
"text": "The majority of people in South Africa use informal minibus taxis as their main mode of transport."
}
] |
Ld3liJiY3E15OQ5Dyrc7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Boer Wars | Independence",
"text": "Within the country, anti-British policies among white South Africans focused on independence."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistoric archaeology",
"text": "Various researchers have located pebble tools within the Vaal River valley."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic",
"text": "Despite opposition both within and outside the country, the government legislated for a continuation of apartheid."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The Little Karoo is historically, and still, famous for its ostrich farming around the town of Oudtshoorn."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The little rain that falls tends to fall in winter, which results in one of the world's most spectacular displays of flowers carpeting huge stretches of veld in spring (August–September)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "South Africa also has the most UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "French is spoken in South Africa by migrants from Francophone Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Labour market",
"text": "The government's Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policies have drawn criticism from Neva Makgetla, lead economist for research and information at the Development Bank of Southern Africa, for focusing \"almost exclusively on promoting individual ownership by black people [which] does little to address broader economic disparities, though the rich may become more diverse.\" Official affirmative action policies have seen a rise in black economic wealth and an emerging black middle class."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "South Africa has a mixed economy, the second largest in Africa after Nigeria."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport",
"text": "The majority of people in South Africa use informal minibus taxis as their main mode of transport."
}
] |
Travel within South Africa is usually by little buses.
| 0 | 0 |
South Africa
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The sheriff finds Cullen singing defiantly and Joker lying in his arms."
}
] |
LdQg6CXmONrEyefezfhC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Defiant Ones is a 1958 adventure drama film which tells the story of two escaped prisoners, one white and one black, who are shackled together and who must co-operate in order to survive."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "In the \"Coyote Lovely\" episode, after handcuffing Lana and Cyril together, Archer says \"... just like The Defiant Ones.\" In the video game Red Dead Redemption 2, a side mission involves two shackled men, Mr. Black & Mr. White, escaping a chain gang."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "The basis of The Defiant Ones was revisited several times in popular media: Warner Bros. parodied the film in Friz Freleng's 1961 cartoon D' Fightin' Ones, in which Sylvester the Cat escapes from captivity in a dogcatcher truck while chained to a bulldog."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Variety magazine likewise praised the acting and discussed the film's major theme, writing, \"The theme of The Defiant Ones is that what keeps men apart is their lack of knowledge of one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes, tributes and parodies",
"text": "The film was paid homage to by the 1992 Quantum Leap episode \"Unchained,\" in which protagonist Sam Beckett lands in the body of a white Mississippi road-gang worker chained to a wrongly convicted black man, and the two must escape together or be murdered by the corrupt warden."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "One night in the American South, a truck loaded with prisoners in the back swerves to miss another truck and crashes through a barrier."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "When the film was first released, Bosley Crowther, film critic for The New York Times, lauded the production and the acting in the film, writing, \"A remarkably apt and dramatic visualization of a social idea—the idea of men of different races brought together to face misfortune in a bond of brotherhood—is achieved by producer Stanley Kramer in his new film, The Defiant Ones... Between the two principal performers there isn't much room for a choice."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The story was corrupted into the claim - repeated by Curtis and others - that Mitchum refused to work with a black man."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "This thesis is exercised in terms of a colored and a white man, both convicts chained together as they make their break for freedom from a Southern prison gang."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As Joker falters, weakened from loss of blood and pain, Cullen abandons hope of escape and jumps from the train."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The sheriff finds Cullen singing defiantly and Joker lying in his arms."
}
] |
The 1958 film The Defiant Ones tells the tale of two prisoners one black and one white who must work together to escape and ends in them escaping to the north.
| 0 | 0 |
The Defiant Ones
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "The next year, he started a broadcasting career that continued for the rest of his life: first for the Montreal Expos (1970–1971), then the Texas Rangers (1972), California Angels (1973–1979, 1981), Chicago White Sox (1982–1987), NBC (1977), ABC (1978–1986), and finally back in Los Angeles with the Dodgers (from 1988 until his death in 1993)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Drysdale was born in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, and attended Van Nuys High School, where one of his classmates was actor Robert Redford."
}
] |
LdTMQfcz2vklHAbwuYOR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Pitching for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers, he teamed with Sandy Koufax during the late 1950s and early and middle 1960s to form one of the most dominating pitching duos in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Drysdale was born in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, and attended Van Nuys High School, where one of his classmates was actor Robert Redford."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "He also worked with his Angels' partner Dick Enberg on Los Angeles Rams football broadcasts from 1973–1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | 1988",
"text": "In his final start of the year, Hershiser needed to pitch 10 shutout innings to set the mark – meaning not only that he would have to prevent the San Diego Padres from scoring, but that his own team would also need to fail to score in order to ensure extra innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Drysdale pitched for the Dodgers instead of Koufax, giving up seven runs in 2 2⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1968, Drysdale set Major League records with six consecutive shutouts and 58 2⁄3 consecutive scoreless innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the most dominant pitchers of the late 1950s and early to mid 1960s, Drysdale stood 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) tall and was not afraid to throw pitches near batters to keep them off balance."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "That year, he also won 23 games and helped the Dodgers to their third World Championship in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "The next year, he started a broadcasting career that continued for the rest of his life: first for the Montreal Expos (1970–1971), then the Texas Rangers (1972), California Angels (1973–1979, 1981), Chicago White Sox (1982–1987), NBC (1977), ABC (1978–1986), and finally back in Los Angeles with the Dodgers (from 1988 until his death in 1993)."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "In the meantime, Drysdale filled in for Jackson on play-by-play for the early innings."
}
] |
Don Drysdale learned to act when he teamed up with Robert Redford to form one of the most dominating duos in broadcasting and was on the television set of Angels in Los Angeles.
| 0 | 0 |
Don Drysdale
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A rhinoceros (, from Greek rhinokerōs, meaning 'nose-horned', from rhis, meaning 'nose', and keras, meaning 'horn'), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species therein."
}
] |
LdTRc25dJLp1t1SWLAVw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Evolution | Rhinocerotidae",
"text": "The family of all modern rhinoceros, the Rhinocerotidae, first appeared in the Late Eocene in Eurasia."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution | Rhinocerotidae",
"text": "Family RhinocerotidaeSubfamily Rhinocerotinae"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Members of the rhinoceros family are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all species able to reach or exceed one tonne in weight."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A rhinoceros (, from Greek rhinokerōs, meaning 'nose-horned', from rhis, meaning 'nose', and keras, meaning 'horn'), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species therein."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | White rhinoceros",
"text": "A popular idea that \"white\" is a distortion of either the Afrikaans word wyd or the Dutch word wijd (or its other possible spellings whyde, weit, etc.,), meaning \"wide\" and referring to the rhino's square lips, is not supported by linguistic studies."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution | Rhinocerotidae",
"text": "Alongside the extant species, four additional species of rhinoceros survived into the Last Glacial Period: the woolly rhinoceros, Elasmotherium sibiricum and two species of Stephanorhinus, Merck's rhinoceros and the Narrow-nosed rhinoceros."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The family Rhinocerotidae consists of only four extant genera: Ceratotherium (White rhinoceros), Diceros (Black rhinoceros), Dicerorhinus (Sumatran rhinoceros), and Rhinoceros (Indian and Javan rhinoceros)."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "Three families, sometimes grouped together as the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea, evolved in the late Eocene, namely the Hyracodontidae, Amynodontidae and Rhinocerotidae."
},
{
"section_header": "Horn trade and use",
"text": "A 2012 spike in rhino killings increased concerns about the future of the species."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The word rhinoceros is derived through Latin from the Ancient Greek: ῥῑνόκερως, which is composed of ῥῑνο- (rhino-, \"nose\") and κέρας (keras, \"horn\") with a horn on the nose."
}
] |
The word rhinoceros is used for all species in the Rhinocerotidae family.
| 1 | 2 |
Rhinoceros
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Republic of Bolivia",
"text": "Bolívar is thus one of the few people to have a country named after him."
}
] |
Ldr7BwqAMz01JHxY982F
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "Venezuela was proclaimed independent on 13 January 1830 and José Antonio Páez maintained the presidency of that country, banishing Bolivar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "iv-ər, -ar also US: BOH-liv-ar) and also colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama to independence from the Spanish Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and physical legacy",
"text": "The Bolivar Peninsula in Texas, Bolivar County, Mississippi, Bolivar, New York, Bolivar, West Virginia and Bolivar, Tennessee are also named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and physical legacy",
"text": "Monuments to Bolívar's military legacy also comprise one of Venezuelan Navy's sail training barques, which is named after him, and the USS Simon Bolivar, a Benjamin Franklin-class fleet ballistic missile submarine which served with the U.S. Navy between 1965 and 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "Bolivar, though, commuted the sentence."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Venezuela and New Granada, 1807–1821 | Campaigns in Venezuela, 1816–1818",
"text": ", Bolivar set up a temporary government in Venezuela."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Dissolution of Gran Colombia",
"text": "During this long period we have taken back our country, liberated three republics, fomented many civil wars, and four times I have returned to the people their omnipotence, convening personally four constitutional congresses."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "After the facts, Bolivar continued to govern in a rarefied environment, cornered by fractional disputes."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "Bolivar initially tried to forgive those who were considered conspirators, members of the \"Santander\" faction."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "Santander, who had known in advance of the conspiracy and had not directly opposed it because of his differences with Bolivar, was condemned to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Republic of Bolivia",
"text": "Bolívar is thus one of the few people to have a country named after him."
}
] |
Simon Bolivar is the only person who currently has a country as a namesake.
| 0 | 0 |
Simon Bolivar
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Breaking Bad is an American neo-Western crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan."
}
] |
Le7ovKtyRqMJTELXJV66
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | The Broken and the Bad",
"text": "In June 2020, AMC announced a six-part true crime docuseries inspired by Breaking Bad and Better Call"
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Better Call Saul",
"text": "Bob Odenkirk's character of Saul Goodman had become one of the show's more popular characters, and Odenkirk, Gilligan, and Peter Gould, who wrote the episode \"Better Call Saul\" in which the character was introduced, started discussions near the end of Breaking Bad of a possible series expanding on the character, eventually settling on the idea of a prequel to show the origins of Saul about six years prior to the events of Breaking Bad."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Breaking Bad: Criminal Elements",
"text": "On June 6, 2019, FTX Games released Breaking Bad: Criminal Elements, a strategy-mobile video game for both iOS and Android."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Better Call Saul",
"text": "In addition to Odenkirk, Banks and Esposito star and reprise their roles as Mike and Gus, respectively, while several other Breaking Bad cast have guest starred on the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Talking Bad",
"text": "From August 11, 2013, to September 29, 2013, eight episodes of the live talk show, Talking Bad, aired on AMC, following Breaking Bad."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Better Call Saul",
"text": "Newcomers to the starring cast of Better Call Saul include Rhea Seehorn, Patrick Fabian, Michael Mando, Michael McKean, and Tony Dalton."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Better Call Saul",
"text": "In April 2013, AMC and Sony Pictures Television expressed interest in Gilligan and Gould's spin-off series concept, and they officially ordered Better Call Saul in September 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Talking Bad",
"text": "The host, Chris Hardwick, and guests – who included celebrity fans, cast members, and Breaking Bad crew members, discussed episodes that aired immediately preceding the talk show."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Breaking Bad creator Vince Gilligan cast Bryan Cranston for the role of Walter White based on having worked with him in the \"Drive\" episode of the science fiction television series"
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Other",
"text": "The Breaking Bad team turned down this offer, namely as there was not much material they could continue into these episodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Breaking Bad is an American neo-Western crime drama television series created and produced by Vince Gilligan."
}
] |
Breaking Bad is based off a telenovela called "Metástasis."
| 2 | 6 |
Breaking Bad
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "During a game on August 17, 1957, Ashburn hit a foul ball into the stands that struck spectator Alice Roth, wife of Philadelphia Bulletin sports editor Earl Roth, breaking her nose."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The Associated Press reported, \"Richie Ashburn, fleet footed Philadelphia Phillies outfielder, brought the huge Briggs Stadium crowd of 52,075 to its feet with a brilliant leaping catch in the sixth inning to rob Vic Wertz of a near homer."
}
] |
LfBgLCqw8KONnNxj3Qzy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "Ted Williams gave Ashburn the nickname \"Putt-Putt\" because he \"ran so fast"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Ashburn caught the ball in front of the right centerfield screen 400 feet distant after a long run.\" He was also the last Phillies player to collect eight hits in a double-header when he singled eight times in a twinbill at Pittsburgh on May 20, 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The Associated Press reported, \"Richie Ashburn, fleet footed Philadelphia Phillies outfielder, brought the huge Briggs Stadium crowd of 52,075 to its feet with a brilliant leaping catch in the sixth inning to rob Vic Wertz of a near homer."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "During a game on August 17, 1957, Ashburn hit a foul ball into the stands that struck spectator Alice Roth, wife of Philadelphia Bulletin sports editor Earl Roth, breaking her nose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From his youth on a farm, he grew up to become a professional outfielder and veteran broadcaster for the Philadelphia Phillies and one of the most beloved sports figures in Philadelphia history."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": ", Phillies shortstop from the sixties and coach, co-founded the Richie Ashburn Foundation, which provides free baseball camp for 1,100 underprivileged children in the Delaware Valley and awards grants to area schools and colleges."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Ashburn was posthumously inducted into the inaugural class of the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2004.Each year the Phillies present the Richie Ashburn Special Achievement Award to \"a member of the organization who has demonstrated loyalty, dedication and passion for the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Ashburn accumulated the most hits (1,875) of any batter during the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "The book, \"Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall"
}
] |
The sports network nicknamed Richie Ashburn "The Fast Flash Philly" after he caught a ball in the outfield, then throwing and hitting his coach, shattering his jaw.
| 0 | 0 |
Richie Ashburn
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "1925 Femina Vie Heureuse A Passage to India (play), A play written by Santha Rama Rau based on the novel that ran on the West End in 1960, and on Broadway in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1965 BBC television version of the play was broadcast in their Play of the Month series."
}
] |
LfdFa7NcnnXM7Fn8dU0V
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Indian filmmaker Satyajit Ray intended to direct a theatrical adaptation of the novel, but the project was never realised."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "1925 Femina Vie Heureuse A Passage to India (play), A play written by Santha Rama Rau based on the novel that ran on the West End in 1960, and on Broadway in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1965 BBC television version of the play was broadcast in their Play of the Month series."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The 1984 film version directed by David Lean, and starring Judy Davis, Victor Banerjee, James Fox, Peggy Ashcroft and Alec Guinness, won two Oscars and numerous other awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Martin Sherman wrote an additional version for the stage, that premiered at the Shared Experience in Richmond in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It has toured the UK and played at the Brooklyn Academy of Music Harvey Theater in November 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Aftermath",
"text": "After explaining to Fielding that the echo was the cause of the whole business, she departs India, never to return."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Aftermath",
"text": "Bitter at his friend's perceived betrayal, he vows never again to befriend a white person."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism",
"text": "Others saw the book as a vilification of humanist perspectives on the importance of interpersonal relationships, and the damage colonialism wrought on society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Time magazine included the novel in its \"All Time 100 Novels\" list."
}
] |
The novel has never been adapted into other medias.
| 0 | 3 |
A Passage to India
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "With an apparent magnitude of −1.46, Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, almost twice as bright as the second-brightest star, Canopus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After that time, its distance will begin to increase, and it will become fainter, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's night sky for the next 210,000 years."
}
] |
Lg3cO0sh6BhJ2MkAyS2u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At a distance of 2.64 parsecs (8.6 ly), the Sirius system is one of Earth's nearest neighbours."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After that time, its distance will begin to increase, and it will become fainter, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's night sky for the next 210,000 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "With an apparent magnitude of −1.46, Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, almost twice as bright as the second-brightest star, Canopus."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational history",
"text": "The brightest star in the night sky, Sirius is recorded in some of the earliest astronomical records."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance | Serer religion",
"text": "The star Sirius is one of the most important and sacred stars in Serer religious cosmology and symbolism."
},
{
"section_header": "Stellar system | Sirius B",
"text": "This mass is packed into a volume roughly equal to the Earth's."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "At a distance of 2.6 parsecs (8.6 ly), the Sirius system contains two of the eight nearest stars to the Sun, and it is the fifth closest stellar system to the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a visual apparent magnitude of −1.46, Sirius is almost twice as bright as Canopus, the next brightest star."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance | Modern significance",
"text": "Sirius is one of the 27 stars on the flag of Brazil, where it represents the state of Mato Grosso."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "It is often colloquially called the \"Dog Star\" as the brightest star of Canis Major, the \"Great Dog\" constellation."
}
] |
Sirius is the brightest star, and one of Earth's nearest neighbors.
| 0 | 0 |
Sirius
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Materials",
"text": "The Great Pyramid consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks which most believe to have been transported from nearby quarries."
}
] |
Lg4OjS9BqNJcSipPQQI7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Materials | Casing stones",
"text": "Many more casing stones were removed from the great pyramids by Muhammad Ali Pasha in the early 19th century to build the upper portion of his Alabaster Mosque in Cairo, not far from Giza."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "The Great Pyramid is surrounded by a complex of several buildings including small pyramids."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "A notable construction flanking the Giza pyramid complex is a cyclopean stone wall, the Wall of the Crow."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Construction theories",
"text": "Without the use of pulleys, wheels, or iron tools, they used critical path analysis methods, which suggest that the Great Pyramid was completed from start to finish in approximately 10 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Casing stones",
"text": "Nevertheless, a few of the casing stones from the lowest course can be seen to this day in situ around the base of the Great Pyramid, and display the same workmanship and precision that has been reported for centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials",
"text": "It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of limestone, 8,000 tonnes of granite (imported from Aswan), and 500,000 tonnes of mortar were used in the construction of the Great Pyramid."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The main part of the Giza complex is a set of buildings that included two mortuary temples in honour of Khufu (one close to the pyramid and one near the Nile), three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even smaller \"satellite\" pyramid, a raised causeway connecting the two temples, and small mastaba tombs for nobles surrounding the pyramid."
},
{
"section_header": "Looting",
"text": "Although succeeding pyramids were smaller, pyramid-building continued until the end of the Middle Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "History and description",
"text": "Many of the casing-stones and inner chamber blocks of the Great Pyramid fit together with extremely high precision."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials",
"text": "The Great Pyramid consists of an estimated 2.3 million blocks which most believe to have been transported from nearby quarries."
}
] |
The stone used to build the Great Pyramid of Giza was mostly from local sources.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Pyramid of Giza
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City."
}
] |
LgELDLQoUGz4qLqea7gL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second installment in The Godfather trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final film in the trilogy, The Godfather Part III, was released in 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In fact, 'The Godfather, Part II' may be the second best gangster movie ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He loses his job due to local don, Fanucci, insisting that his nephew work there; Clemenza invites Vito to unwittingly take part in a burglary."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coppola, who was given more control over the film, had wanted to make both a sequel and a prequel to the film to tell the story of the rise of Vito and the fall of Michael."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Along with The Lord of the Rings, The Godfather Trilogy shares the distinction that all of its installments were nominated for Best Picture; additionally, The Godfather Part II and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King are the only sequels to win Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Outraged, Michael strikes Kay, banishes her from the family, and takes custody of the children."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Coppola created The Godfather Saga expressly for American television in a 1975 release that combined The Godfather and The Godfather Part II with unused footage from those two films in a chronological telling that toned down the violent, sexual, and profane material for its NBC debut on November 18, 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The scenes that took place in Cuba were shot in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Coppola offered James Cagney a part in the film, but he refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Partially based on Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather, the film is both sequel and prequel to The Godfather, presenting parallel dramas: one picks up the 1958 story of Michael Corleone (Pacino), the new Don of the Corleone family, protecting the family business in the aftermath of an attempt on his life; the prequel covers the journey of his father, Vito Corleone (De Niro), from his Sicilian childhood to the founding of his family enterprise in New York City."
}
] |
The second part of the trilogy, strangely, takes place after the third part in an anachronistic story telling device.
| 0 | 0 |
The Godfather Part II
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On May 19, 2012, they married in his backyard in an event that also celebrated her graduation from medical school."
}
] |
LgWidn77b557B3jPNrCg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Facebook",
"text": "\" Mark was clearly on to great things,\" said Laine, who was Facebook's fourteenth user."
},
{
"section_header": "Software developer | Early years",
"text": "Mark created them. \" Zuckerberg himself recalls this period: \"I had a bunch of friends who were artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legal controversies | Palestinian terror attacks",
"text": "\"Some of the victims' blood is on Zuckerberg's hands\", Erdan said."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Facebook",
"text": "On July 21, 2010, Zuckerberg reported that the company reached the 500 million-user mark."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"He met his then-future wife, fellow Harvard student Priscilla Chan, at a fraternity party during his sophomore year there."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (; born May 14, 1984) is an American media magnate, internet entrepreneur, and philanthropist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legal controversies | ConnectU lawsuits",
"text": "They included Zuckerberg's Social Security number, his parents' home address, and his girlfriend's address."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative",
"text": "The Chronicle of Philanthropy placed Zuckerberg and his wife at the top of the magazine's annual list of 50 most generous Americans for 2013, having donated roughly $1 billion to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative",
"text": "In October 2014, Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan donated US$25 million to combat the Ebola virus disease, specifically the West African Ebola virus epidemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative",
"text": "In December 2012, Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan announced that over the course of their lives they would give the majority of their wealth to \"advancing human potential and promoting equality\" in the spirit of The Giving Pledge."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On May 19, 2012, they married in his backyard in an event that also celebrated her graduation from medical school."
}
] |
Mark Zuckerberg's wife is a mechanical engineer.
| 0 | 0 |
Mark Zuckerberg
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Urban Clarence \"Red\" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox."
}
] |
LgdIZLdX8Z73HIIe2ygH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While Faber was a child, his father managed a tavern and later ran the Hotel Faber in Cascade."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple had a son the next year, Urban C. Faber II, nicknamed \"Pepper\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Urban Clarence \"Red\" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Faber said that he was too old for her, but she insisted that they get married."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor leagues",
"text": "Faber started well in the minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Faber was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "Faber announced his retirement before the 1934 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "Faber enjoyed the greatest success of his career in the early 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "Faber once tried to steal third base when it was already occupied."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Faber entered auto sales and real estate."
}
] |
Urban Faber was a left-handed batter and was a wealthy kid because his dad owned a tavern.
| 0 | 1 |
Red Faber
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The opera was made into a film version in 1953, and starred Laurence Olivier as Captain Macheath."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera is a ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by John Gay with music arranged by Johann Christoph Pepusch."
}
] |
LgtGcZfmyvU0YaJtvPMV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "1981), an adaptation of both John Gay's The Beggar's Opera and Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera; most of his characters as well as some of the arias are from the two earlier plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1984 in the play (and later film) A Chorus of Disapproval by Alan Ayckbourn, an amateur production of The Beggar's Opera is a major plot driver and excerpts are performed."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The \"happy\" ending was changed so that Macheath is hanged instead of being reprieved."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The play was Maya Miki's retirement play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ballad operas were satiric musical plays that used some of the conventions of opera, but without recitative."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1978, the Brazilian singer-songwriter Chico Buarque wrote Ópera do Malandro (1978), an adaptation of both John Gay's The Beggar's Opera and Bertolt Brecht's The Threepenny Opera, with new songs and set in 1940s Rio de Janeiro,which was later adapted as a film by director Ruy Guerra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The work became Gay's greatest success and has been played ever since; it has been called \"the most popular play of the eighteenth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "This version is set aboard a convict ship bound for New South Wales, where convicts are putting on a version of The Beggar's Opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera was met with widely varying reactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to The New York Times: \"Gay wrote the work more as an anti-opera than an opera, one of its attractions to its 18th-century London public being its lampooning of the Italian opera style and the English public's fascination with it.\" Instead of the grand music and themes of opera, the work uses familiar tunes and characters that were ordinary people."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The opera was made into a film version in 1953, and starred Laurence Olivier as Captain Macheath."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beggar's Opera is a ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by John Gay with music arranged by Johann Christoph Pepusch."
}
] |
The Beggar's Opera is a play and has being adapted into a movie.
| 1 | 3 |
The Beggar's Opera
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Film",
"text": "The film was criticised for inaccuracies regarding Wallace's title, love interests, and attire."
}
] |
LgvMJWurjx3cnecbceHV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas, pronounced [ˈɯʎam ˈuəl̪ˠəs̪]; Norman French: William le Waleys; born c. 1270, died 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Beer",
"text": "A brewery in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, makes a Scottish ale named \"William Wallace\", and Scottish Maclays Brewery had a beer called \"Wallace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "Henty, a producer of and writer for the Boy's Own Paper story paper, portrays the life of William Wallace, Robert the Bruce, The Black Douglas, and others, while dovetailing the events of his novel with historical fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "G. A. Henty wrote a novel about this time period titled In Freedom's Cause: A Story of Wallace and Bruce (1885)."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle of Stirling Bridge",
"text": "In a ceremony, at the 'Kirk o' the Forest' (Selkirk), towards the end of the year, Wallace was knighted."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "The Temple and the Stone (1998), a novel by Katherine Kurtz and Deborah Turner Harris, includes a storyline creating a fictional connection between Wallace and Templar Knights."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle of Falkirk",
"text": "There is also a report from an English spy at a meeting of Scottish leaders, where they said Wallace was in France."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "In the early 19th century, Walter Scott wrote of Wallace in his short essay Exploits and Death of William Wallace, the \"Hero of Scotland\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "William Wallace was a member of the lesser nobility, but little is definitely known of his family history or even his parentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Blind Harry's assertion that William was the son of Sir Malcolm of Elderslie has given rise to a tradition that William's birthplace was at Elderslie in Renfrewshire, and this is still the view of some historians, including the historical William Wallace Society itself."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Film",
"text": "The film was criticised for inaccuracies regarding Wallace's title, love interests, and attire."
}
] |
William Wallace was a Scottish knight that had his story told in a movie that had the most accurate information about him.
| 0 | 0 |
William Wallace
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Most historians regard the beginnings of modern France as having initiated with the coronation of Hugh Capet."
}
] |
Lgw71HcMxQLPiutI9M4n
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "All monarchs of the Kingdom of France from Hugh Capet to Philip II of France were titled 'King of the Franks'."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Most historians regard the beginnings of modern France as having initiated with the coronation of Hugh Capet."
},
{
"section_header": "Hugh Capet in literature",
"text": "Hugh Capet is encountered in the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri (c.1265-1321); the poet places him on the fifth terrace of Mount Purgatory (Purgatorio, Canto XX) among sinners performing penitence for avarice."
},
{
"section_header": "France under Ottonian influence",
"text": "Otto I, King of Germany, intended to bring western Francia under his control, which was possible since he was the maternal uncle of Hugh Capet and Lothair of France, the new king of the Franks, who succeeded Louis IV in 954, at the age of 13."
},
{
"section_header": "Archbishop of Reims",
"text": "Therefore, they turned their support from Lothair to Hugh Capet."
},
{
"section_header": "Election",
"text": "Then he promoted the candidacy of Hugh Capet: Crown the Duke."
},
{
"section_header": "Failure of Lothair",
"text": "Hugh Capet supported him and summoned the great nobles of the kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Extent of power",
"text": "Hugh Capet possessed minor properties near Chartres and Angers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The direct Capetians, or the House of Capet, ruled France from 987 to 1328; thereafter, the Kingdom was ruled by cadet branches of the dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and issue",
"text": "Hugh Capet married Adelaide, daughter of William Towhead, Count of Poitou."
}
] |
Hugh Capet is credited for developing the France we know today.
| 2 | 3 |
Hugh Capet
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "Breaking Bad received widespread critical acclaim and has been praised by many critics as one of the greatest television shows of all time."
}
] |
LhF9QCVR8NCshHgsd32T
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 2010 and 2012, Breaking Bad won the TCA Award for Outstanding Achievement in Drama, as well as the TCA Award for Program of the Year in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Breaking Bad's first season received generally positive reviews, while the rest of its run received universal acclaim, which would make critics laud it as one of the greatest television series of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Technical aspects",
"text": "Kelley Dixon was one of the few editors of Breaking Bad and edited many of the series' \"meth montages\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "Breaking Bad received widespread critical acclaim and has been praised by many critics as one of the greatest television shows of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette listed it as the best series of 2011 while noting that \"Breaking Bad is that rare TV series that has never made a seriously damaging storytelling misstep.\" The A.V. Club's review of the finale summed it up as a \"fantastically fitting end for a season that ran in slow motion, starting and continuing with so many crises begging for resolution week after week."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Breaking Bad: Criminal Elements",
"text": "The game contains many elements of the original show and focuses mainly on the player building his own drug empire from nothing, similar to how Walt did in the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Awards and nominations",
"text": "Cranston also won the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Drama in 2009 and the Satellite Award for Best Actor – Television Series: Drama in 2008, 2009, and 2010, as well as the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Actor in a Drama Series and the Saturn Award for Best Actor on Television in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Spin-offs and adaptations | Breaking Bad: Criminal Elements",
"text": "On June 6, 2019, FTX Games released Breaking Bad: Criminal Elements, a strategy-mobile video game for both iOS and Android."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "For the first season, the series saw a generally positive reception."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Awards and nominations",
"text": "The series received numerous awards and nominations, including 16 Primetime Emmy Awards and 58 nominations, including winning for Outstanding Drama Series in 2013 and 2014."
}
] |
Breaking Bad got many awards and positive reviews.
| 0 | 0 |
Breaking Bad
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Man and Superman opened at the Royal Court Theatre in London on 23 May 1905, but it omitted the third act."
}
] |
LhV7TGg23Gp8KpZcUxGD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Man and Superman is a four-act drama written by George Bernard Shaw in 1903."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Man and Superman opened at the Royal Court Theatre in London on 23 May 1905, but it omitted the third act."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "Charles A. Berst observes of Act III: Paradoxically, the act is both extraneous and central to the drama which surrounds it."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "The long third act of the play, which shows Don Juan himself having a conversation with several characters in Hell, is often cut."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A part of the act, Don Juan in Hell (Act 3, Scene 2), was performed when the drama was staged on 4 June 1907 at the Royal Court."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Productions",
"text": "Sally Peters Vogt proposes, \"Thematically, the fluid Don Juan myth becomes a favorable milieu for Creative Evolution,\" and that \"the legend...becomes in Man and Superman the vehicle through which Shaw communicates his cosmic philosophy\" In 1917 the Abbey Theatre produced the play for 7 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Don Juan Play",
"text": "This third act is often performed separately as a play in its own right, most famously during the 1950s in a concert version, featuring Charles Boyer as Don Juan, Charles Laughton as the Devil, Cedric Hardwicke as the Commander and Agnes Moorehead as Doña Ana."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Ideas",
"text": "As Shaw himself puts it: \"Don Juan had changed his sex and become Dona Juana, breaking out of the Doll's House and asserting herself as an individual\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ramsden, a venerable old man, distrusts John Tanner, an eloquent youth with revolutionary ideas, whom Shaw's stage directions describe as \"prodigiously fluent of speech, restless, excitable (mark the snorting nostril and the restless blue eye, just the thirty-secondth of an inch too wide open), possibly a little mad\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and performances | Ideas",
"text": "Although Man and Superman can be performed as a light comedy of manners, Shaw intended the drama to be something much deeper, as suggested by the title, which comes from Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophical ideas about the \"Übermensch\" (although Shaw distances himself from Nietzsche by placing the philosopher at the very end of a long list of influences)."
}
] |
Man and Superman is a four act play that had the second act taken out at its opening.
| 0 | 0 |
Man and Superman
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gaga founded her nonprofit organization, the Born This Way Foundation, which focuses on empowering youth, improving mental health, and preventing bullying."
}
] |
LhZIiWDPHcOVNLGhZLmX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Time placed Gaga on their All-Time 100 Fashion Icons List, stating: \"Lady Gaga is just as notorious for her outrageous style as she is for her pop hits ... [Gaga] has sported outfits made from plastic bubbles, Kermit the Frog dolls, and raw meat.\" Gaga wore a dress made of raw beef to the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, which was supplemented by boots, a purse, and a hat also made out of raw beef."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gaga founded her nonprofit organization, the Born This Way Foundation, which focuses on empowering youth, improving mental health, and preventing bullying."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "It attracted the attention of worldwide media; the animal rights organization PETA found it offensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "Gaga was one of the many celebrities to call him out and spread the #WontBeErased campaign to her 77 million Twitter followers."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "In turn, Versace calls Lady Gaga \"the fresh Donatella\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "When Gaga met briefly with then-president Barack Obama at a Human Rights Campaign fundraiser, he found the interaction \"intimidating\" as she was dressed in 16-inch heels, making her the tallest woman in the room."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "She briefly appeared in Rodriguez's Sin City: A Dame to Kill For, and was confirmed as Versace's spring-summer 2014 face with a campaign called \"Lady Gaga For Versace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "Despite securing a record deal, she said that some radio stations found her music too \"racy\", \"dance-oriented\", and \"underground\" for the mainstream market, to which she replied: \"My name is Lady Gaga"
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "In 2011, 121 women gathered at the Grammy Awards dressed in costumes similar to those worn by Gaga, earning the 2011 Guinness World Record for Largest Gathering of Lady Gaga Impersonators."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "The producer said they began dating in May 2006, and claimed to have been the first person to call her \"Lady Gaga\", which was derived from Queen's song \"Radio Ga Ga\"."
}
] |
Lady Gaga wore a dress made out of different materials and founded an organization called The Way I Am.
| 2 | 5 |
Lady Gaga
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Medea (; Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios."
}
] |
LhbHkqJqE0YDc4dqcxnH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "Afterward, she left Corinth and flew to Athens in a golden chariot driven by dragons sent by her grandfather, Helios, god of the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "One of the only uncontested facts is that she is a direct descendant of the sun god Helios (son of the Titan Hyperion) through her father King Aeëtes of Colchis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Medea (; Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "Just like these gods, Medea “interrupts and puts a stop to the violent action of the human being on the lower level, … justifies her savage revenge on the grounds that she has been treated with disrespect and mockery, … takes measures and gives orders for the burial of the dead, prophesies the future,” and “announces the foundation of a cult."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "Instead of being the center of the story like she is in Euripides' Medea, this version of Medea is reduced to a supporting role."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "Although Jason in Euripides calls Medea most hateful to gods and men, the fact that the chariot is given to her by Helios indicates that she still has the gods on her side."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Various versions' endings",
"text": "As Bernard Knox points out, Medea's last scene with concluding appearances parallels that of a number of indisputably divine beings in other plays by Euripides."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "Other accounts, like Euripides' play Medea, focus on her mortality, although she transcends the mortal world at the end of the play with the help of her grandfather Helios and his sun chariot."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy and divinity",
"text": "She is directly influenced by the Greek gods (through Hera and Aphrodite) and while she possesses magical abilities, she is still a mortal with divine ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "There are also many nautical references throughout the play either used by other characters when describing Medea or by Medea herself."
}
] |
Medea is considered to be the grandchild of the Sun God.
| 3 | 4 |
Medea
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its last stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572."
}
] |
LiF6yqzKltZ5CtgNYqyo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu, lit. \" The Four Regions\"), also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its last stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Last Incas",
"text": "In 1572 the last Inca stronghold was conquered and the last ruler, Túpac Amaru, Manco's son, was captured and executed."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The Inca referred to their empire as Tawantinsuyu, \"the four suyu\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Organization of the empire",
"text": "These suyu were likely created around 1460 during the reign of Pachacuti before the empire reached its largest territorial extent."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Organization of the empire | Suyu",
"text": "The most populous suyu was Chinchaysuyu, which encompassed the former Chimu empire and much of the northern Andes."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Organization of the empire",
"text": "At the time the suyu were established they were roughly of equal size and only later changed their proportions as the empire expanded north and south along the Andes."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Organization of the empire",
"text": "The Inca Empire was a federalist system consisting of a central government with the Inca at its head and four-quarters, or suyu: Chinchay Suyu (NW), Anti Suyu (NE), Kunti Suyu (SW) and Qulla Suyu (SE)."
},
{
"section_header": "Arts and technology | Weapons, armor and warfare",
"text": "By the time the empire reached its largest size, every section of the empire contributed in setting up an army for war."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Last Incas",
"text": "After the fall of the Inca Empire many aspects of Inca culture were systematically destroyed, including their sophisticated farming system, known as the vertical archipelago model of agriculture."
}
] |
The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu, lit. " The Four Regions"), also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America until it's last stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572.
| 0 | 0 |
Inca Empire
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life: 1927–1951",
"text": "As a German soldier, he was interned in a prisoner of war camp, but released a few months later at the end of the war in May 1945.Ratzinger and his brother Georg entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein in November 1945, later studying at the Ducal Georgianum (Herzogliches Georgianum) of the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich."
}
] |
LiJKBKyxkZ9dEbxUbT8r
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Choice of name",
"text": "Pope Benedict XV was pope during the First World War, during which time he passionately pursued peace between the warring nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Election to the papacy",
"text": "The last pope named Benedict was Benedict XV, an Italian who reigned from 1914 to 1922, during World War I (1914–1918)."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Tone of papacy | Beatifications",
"text": "On 9 May 2005, Benedict XVI began the beatification process for his predecessor, Pope John Paul II."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Tone of papacy | Beatifications",
"text": "Benedict XVI followed this precedent when he waived the five-year rule for John Paul II."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Apostolic ministry",
"text": "In addition to his travels within Italy, Pope Benedict XVI made two visits to his homeland, Germany, one for World Youth Day and another to visit the towns of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Attire",
"text": "Pope Benedict XVI resumed the use of the traditional red papal shoes, which had been used since Roman times by popes but which had fallen into disuse during the pontificate of Pope John Paul II."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Choice of name",
"text": "Firstly, I remember Pope Benedict XV, that courageous prophet of peace, who guided the Church through turbulent times of war."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Apostolic ministry",
"text": "As pontiff, Benedict XVI carried out numerous Apostolic activities including journeys across the world and in the Vatican. Benedict travelled extensively during the first three years of his papacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: Benedictus XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI"
},
{
"section_header": "Positions on morality and politics | Homosexuality",
"text": "During his time as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), Benedict XVI made several efforts to tackle the issue of homosexuality within the Church and the wider world."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life: 1927–1951",
"text": "As a German soldier, he was interned in a prisoner of war camp, but released a few months later at the end of the war in May 1945.Ratzinger and his brother Georg entered Saint Michael Seminary in Traunstein in November 1945, later studying at the Ducal Georgianum (Herzogliches Georgianum) of the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich."
}
] |
Pope Benedict XVI fought against the Nazis in World War II.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Benedict XVI
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "When it was published as a single volume in 1902 with two novellas, \"Youth\" and \"The End of the Tether\", it received the least commentary from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "In 1902 Heart of Darkness was included in the book Youth: a Narrative, and Two Other Stories, published on 13 November 1902 by William Blackwood."
}
] |
LiPXRNMx23jexknTUjdI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "James Reich's Mistah Kurtz! A Prelude to Heart of Darkness presents the early life of Kurtz, his appointment to his station in the Congo and his messianic disintegration in a novel that dovetails with the conclusion of Conrad's novella."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "In 1902 Heart of Darkness was included in the book Youth: a Narrative, and Two Other Stories, published on 13 November 1902 by William Blackwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "South African scholar Tshilidzi Marwala considered this book within the context of the destruction or removal of statues of people deemed to be racist in the aftermath of the death of George Floyd and concluded that books such as Heart of Darkness should be regulated when exposed to young people."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In his 1975 public lecture \"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness\", Achebe described Conrad's novella as \"an offensive and deplorable book\" that de-humanised Africans."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The French philosopher Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe called Heart of Darkness \"one of the greatest texts of Western literature\" and used Conrad's tale for a reflection on \"The Horror of the West\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "Poet Yedda Morrison's 2012 book Darkness erases Conrad's novella, \"whiting out\" his text so that only images of the natural world remain."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Video games",
"text": "The last area of the game is called \"The Heart of Darkness\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "The volume consisted of Youth: a Narrative, Heart of Darkness and The End of the Tether in that order."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Radio and stage",
"text": "The play was announced to be broadcast as a radio play to Australian radio audiences in August 2011 by the Vision Australia Radio Network, and also by the RPH – Radio Print Handicapped Network across Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Heart of Darkness is criticised in postcolonial studies, particularly by Nigerian novelist Chinua Achebe."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "When it was published as a single volume in 1902 with two novellas, \"Youth\" and \"The End of the Tether\", it received the least commentary from critics."
}
] |
Heart of Darkness was printed in one book in the early 1900s.
| 0 | 3 |
Heart of Darkness
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Eyesight deterioration",
"text": "With the aid of his scribes, Euler's productivity on many areas of study actually increased."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Eyesight deterioration",
"text": "Euler remarked on his loss of vision, \"Now I will have fewer distractions.\" He later developed a cataract in his left eye, which was discovered in 1766."
}
] |
LihNL9PyFQLWS0rs124i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "Thanks to their influence, studying calculus became the major focus of Euler's work."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Number theory",
"text": "A lot of Euler's early work on number theory was based on the works of Pierre de Fermat."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Berlin",
"text": "This book became more widely read than any of his mathematical works and was published across Europe and in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "In breaking ground for this new field, Euler created the theory of hypergeometric series, q-series, hyperbolic trigonometric functions and the analytic theory of continued fractions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is also widely considered to be the most prolific, as his collected works fill 92 volumes, more than anyone else in the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Number theory",
"text": "In doing so, he discovered the connection between the Riemann zeta function and the prime numbers; this is known as the Euler product formula for the Riemann zeta function."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected bibliography",
"text": "Euler, Leonhard (2015). Elements of Algebra."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "In doing so, he united two disparate branches of mathematics and introduced a new field of study, analytic number theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, Switzerland, where Leonhard spent most of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Number theory",
"text": "The concept is regarded as a fundamental theorem of number theory, and his ideas paved the way for the work of Carl Friedrich Gauss."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Eyesight deterioration",
"text": "With the aid of his scribes, Euler's productivity on many areas of study actually increased."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Eyesight deterioration",
"text": "Euler remarked on his loss of vision, \"Now I will have fewer distractions.\" He later developed a cataract in his left eye, which was discovered in 1766."
}
] |
Leonhard Euler became visually impaired in his 50s, but this didn't decrease his production of work in the field of mathematical theory.
| 1 | 3 |
Leonhard Euler
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though largely self-educated, Columbus was widely read in geography, astronomy, and history."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was Domenico Colombo, a wool weaver who worked both in Genoa and Savona and who also owned a cheese stand at which young Christopher worked as a helper."
}
] |
LjQ9pdhc8mmgRSbZWk4h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Fourth voyage",
"text": "A Spaniard, Diego Méndez, and some natives paddled a canoe to get help from Hispaniola."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was Domenico Colombo, a wool weaver who worked both in Genoa and Savona and who also owned a cheese stand at which young Christopher worked as a helper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Columbus's expeditions inaugurated a period of exploration, conquest, and colonization that lasted for centuries, helping create the modern Western world."
},
{
"section_header": "Accusations of tyranny and brutality",
"text": "In October 1499, he sent two ships to Spain, asking the Court of Spain to appoint a royal commissioner to help him govern."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Fourth voyage",
"text": "Help finally arrived, no thanks to the governor, on 29 June 1504, and Columbus and his men arrived in Sanlúcar, Spain, on 7 November."
},
{
"section_header": "Commemoration",
"text": "The use of Columbus as a founding figure of New World nations and the use of the word \"Columbia\", or simply the name \"Columbus\", spread rapidly after the American Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Criticism and defense in modern scholarship | Violence towards Natives and Spanish colonists",
"text": "Dogs were used to hunt down natives who attempted to flee."
},
{
"section_header": "Quest for Asia | Geographical considerations",
"text": "In Columbus's time, the techniques of celestial navigation, which use the position of the sun and the stars in the sky, together with the understanding that the Earth is a sphere, had long been in use by astronomers and were beginning to be implemented by mariners."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many of the names he gave to geographical features—particularly islands—are still in use."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | First voyage",
"text": "The wreck was used as a target for cannon fire to impress the native peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though largely self-educated, Columbus was widely read in geography, astronomy, and history."
}
] |
Columbus's parents had a meat stand where he used to help.
| 2 | 4 |
Christopher Columbus
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Benjamin Franklin died from pleuritic attack at his home in Philadelphia on April 17, 1790."
}
] |
LkFCX2HZ9VqRWObpzHGj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | Newspaperman",
"text": "Nor did he ever properly edit or collate the chance medley of stale items that passed for news in the Gazette."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "Franklin Field, a football field once home to the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League and the home field of the University of Pennsylvania Quakers since 1895 Philadelphia's Benjamin Franklin Parkway (a major thoroughfare) The Benjamin Franklin Bridge across the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Camden, New Jersey"
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Benjamin Franklin died from pleuritic attack at his home in Philadelphia on April 17, 1790."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | William Franklin",
"text": "After William passed the bar, his father helped him gain an appointment one year later in 1763 as the last Royal Governor of New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "Several major landmarks in and around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Franklin's longtime home, including: Franklin and Marshall College in nearby Lancaster"
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Constitutional Convention",
"text": "When he returned home in 1785, Franklin occupied a position only second to that of George Washington as the champion of American independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Virtue, religion, and personal beliefs",
"text": "Max Weber considered Franklin's ethical writings a culmination of the Protestant ethic, which ethic created the social conditions necessary for the birth of capitalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia | Common-law marriage to Deborah Read",
"text": "At age 17 in 1723, Franklin proposed to 15-year-old Deborah Read while a boarder in the Read home."
},
{
"section_header": "Virtue, religion, and personal beliefs",
"text": "Franklin retained a lifelong commitment to the Puritan virtues and political values he had grown up with, and through his civic work and publishing, he succeeded in passing these values into the American culture permanently."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Decades in London | Political work in London",
"text": "Pennsylvanians were outraged, believing that he had supported the measure all along, and threatened to destroy his home in Philadelphia."
}
] |
Franklin passed in his home from a lung condition.
| 2 | 6 |
Benjamin Franklin
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Microsoft closed all of its retail stores indefinitely due to health concerns."
}
] |
LkbXY2ZTEafPPxnOlSVP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Microsoft closed all of its retail stores indefinitely due to health concerns."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores",
"text": "On February 12, 2009, Microsoft announced its intent to open a chain of Microsoft-branded retail stores, and on October 22, 2009, the first retail Microsoft Store opened in Scottsdale, Arizona; the same day Windows 7 was officially released to the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Flagship stores",
"text": "The company's retail locations are part of a greater strategy to help build a connection with its consumers."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Flagship stores",
"text": "On October 26, 2015, the company opened its retail location on Fifth Avenue in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores",
"text": "Microsoft implemented a new strategy for the software industry that had them working more closely with smartphone manufacturers, such as Nokia, and providing a consistent user experience across all smartphones using the Windows Phone OS."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Flagship stores",
"text": "The opening of the store coincided with the launch of the Surface Book and Surface"
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Flagship stores",
"text": "Pro 4. On November 12, 2015, Microsoft opened a second flagship store, located in Sydney's Pitt Street Mall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "On June 4, 2018, Microsoft officially announced the acquisition of GitHub for $7.5 billion, a deal that closed on October 26, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | United States government",
"text": "Microsoft argued that it was unconstitutional for the government to indefinitely ban Microsoft from informing its users that the government was requesting their emails and other documents, and that the Fourth Amendment made it so people or businesses had the right to know if the government searches or seizes their property."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing",
"text": "their survey concluded that the TCO of Linux was lower due to Linux administrators managing more servers on average and other reasons."
}
] |
Microsoft closed all of its retail stores indefinitely due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
| 2 | 4 |
Microsoft
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Bannockburn (Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Allt nam Bànag or Blàr Allt a' Bhonnaich) on 23 and 24 June 1314 was a victory of the army of King of Scots"
}
] |
LlCKidLOWvfZew2xdgPd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert the Bruce over the army of King Edward II of England in the First War of Scottish Independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "They encountered a body of Scots led by Robert the Bruce."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Bannockburn (Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Allt nam Bànag or Blàr Allt a' Bhonnaich) on 23 and 24 June 1314 was a victory of the army of King of Scots"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Edward invaded Scotland after Bruce demanded in 1313 that all supporters still loyal to ousted Scottish king John Balliol acknowledge Bruce as their king or lose their lands."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It was besieged in 1314 by Robert the Bruce's younger brother, Edward Bruce, and an agreement was made that if the castle was not relieved by mid-summer it would be surrendered to the Scots."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | English retreat",
"text": "The Scottish losses appear to have been comparatively light, with only two knights among those killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Arts",
"text": "\"Scots Wha Hae\" is the title of a patriotic poem by Robert Burns."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Second day of battle",
"text": "He had also tried to persuade the king that the battle should be postponed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stirling Castle, a Scots royal fortress occupied by the English, was under siege by the Scottish army."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Edward assembled a formidable force of soldiers from England, Ireland and Wales to relieve it – the largest army ever to invade Scotland."
}
] |
The Battle of Bannockburn was a loss for the army of King of Scots Robert the Bruce.
| 1 | 4 |
Battle of Bannockburn
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate | Shylock as an antagonist",
"text": "Shortly after Kristallnacht in 1938, The Merchant of Venice was broadcast for propagandistic ends over the German airwaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate",
"text": "The play is frequently staged today, but is potentially troubling to modern audiences because of its central themes, which can easily appear antisemitic."
}
] |
LlRSMuPmICfCMbJmDKhu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "The Star Trek franchise sometimes quote and paraphrase Shakespeare, including The Merchant of Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film, TV and radio version",
"text": "1980 – The Merchant of Venice, a version for the BBC Television Shakespeare directed by Jack Gold."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "It was printed again in 1619, as part of William Jaggard's so-called False Folio. (Later, Thomas Heyes' son and heir Laurence Heyes asked for and was granted a confirmation of his right to the play, on 8 July 1619.) The 1600 edition is generally regarded as being accurate and reliable."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Antonio, Bassanio",
"text": "There was, states Auden, a traditional \"association of sodomy with usury\", reaching back at least as far as Dante, with which Shakespeare was likely familiar. (Auden sees the theme of usury in the play as a comment on human relations in a mercantile society.) Other interpreters of the play regard Auden's conception of Antonio's sexual desire for Bassanio as questionable."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate | Shylock as an antagonist",
"text": "Shortly after Kristallnacht in 1938, The Merchant of Venice was broadcast for propagandistic ends over the German airwaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The play was entered in the Register of the Stationers Company, the method at that time of obtaining copyright for a new play, by James Roberts on 22 July 1598 under the title The Merchant of Venice, otherwise called The Jew of Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "David Henry Wilson's play Shylock's Revenge, was first produced at the University of Hamburg in 1989, and follows the events in The Merchant of Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate",
"text": "The play is frequently staged today, but is potentially troubling to modern audiences because of its central themes, which can easily appear antisemitic."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "parodies Shylock's tirade. Christopher Moore combines The Merchant of Venice and Othello in his 2014 comic novel The Serpent of Venice, in which he makes Portia (from The Merchant of Venice) and Desdemona (from Othello) sisters."
}
] |
The play by William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice, has issues regarding antisemitism.
| 0 | 0 |
The Merchant of Venice
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his last professional game on June 21, 1966, for the Peninsula Grays of the Carolina League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On town tours across the United States, Paige would sometimes have his infielders sit down behind him and then routinely strike out the side."
}
] |
LlgFtxjDlLZ4zejmfnk9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Because Paige pitched in Greensboro in 1966, he would not have been eligible for enshrinement until 1971, as players have to be out of professional baseball for at least five years before they can be elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "In 1980 Satchel was named vice-president of the Triple-A Springfield Cardinals, although it was mostly an honorary position."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Satchel enjoyed a brief run of renewed popularity after his HOF induction appearing on a few TV shows and making the rounds of the Major Leagues Old Timers Games Circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Dizzy Dean would say that Paige's fastball made his own look like a changeup.\" Posnanski further noted that: for most of his career Satchel Paige threw nothing but fastballs."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Paige played Sgt. Tobe Sutton, a hard-bitten cavalry sergeant of the Buffalo Soldiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Because many in the press saw the suggestion of a \"Negro wing\" as separate-but-equal and denounced major league baseball for the idea, by the time that Paige's induction came around on August 9, Kuhn convinced the owners and the private trust of the Hall of Fame that there should be no separate wing after all."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his last professional game on June 21, 1966, for the Peninsula Grays of the Carolina League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the age of 10, Satchel was playing \"top ball\" which was what got him into baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47, and represented them in the All-Star Game in 1952 and 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Pittsburgh, California, and North Dakota: 1931–1936",
"text": "27 years after winning the second-ever East-West All-Star Game, Paige was also the winning pitcher of the 1961 East-West Game, the next to last in the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On town tours across the United States, Paige would sometimes have his infielders sit down behind him and then routinely strike out the side."
}
] |
Satchel Paige's career lasted for eighteen years, playing until 1965.
| 0 | 0 |
Satchel Paige
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in London in the Parish of St Marylebone to an English mother and Italian father."
}
] |
Lm9RkOE1MfoBe6fZ8ix9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787",
"text": "It is unclear how Stephen obtained his first commission to compose an Italian opera for the Viennese stage, but the commission was most likely obtained by Nancy sometime in the fall of 1784, with Stephen arriving in Vienna sometime in late December of that same year."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "As so often in Storace's life, he was saved by his friends."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "He was to figure regularly in Storace's works thereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The work was given as a Benefit Performance for Storace's widow."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "There are, to date, no commercially available recordings of any of Storace's operas."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "Stephen Storace's first job at Drury Lane was to make an \"English\" version of Dittersdorf's German Singspiel Doktor und Apotheker, which appeared in English as Doctor & Apothecary in 1787 in Storace's version."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "Storace's final work was Mahmoud, Prince of Persia, but he never saw the premiere."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Although Storace's English operas were popular in their time, their failure to endure in performance is in part due to the financial caution of his employer, Sheridan."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "This aria outlived the rest of Storace's output by decades, and was still being reprinted in parlour songbook anthologies for the amateur tenor a century later."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In fact history shows that Sheridan's best attempts failed, and pirated versions of Storace's works were playing in New York by the end of the century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in London in the Parish of St Marylebone to an English mother and Italian father."
}
] |
Stephan Storace's parents were not of the same nationality.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen Storace
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Theodore Amar Lyons (December 28, 1900 – July 25, 1986) was an American professional baseball starting pitcher, manager and coach in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
}
] |
LmHu64mFBJqZ4yi3LmVP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons broke into the major leagues in 1923 after playing collegiate baseball at Baylor University."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included Lyons in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time (1981)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons was at his crafty best in 1930, when he posted a 22–15 record and A.L.-leading totals of 29 complete games and 297⅔ innings for a team that finished 62–92."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyons won 20 or more games three times (in 1925, 1927, and 1930) and became a fan favorite in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Managing and coaching career",
"text": "He had less success as a manager than he had as a player, guiding them to a meager 185–245 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons recorded his first two wins as a relief pitcher in a doubleheader on October 6, 1923, making him one of the first pitchers to perform the feat."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "On August 21, 1926, Lyons no-hit the Boston Red Sox 6–0 at Fenway Park; the game took just 1 hour and 45 minutes to complete (Ted Lyons August 21, 1926 No-hitter Box Score)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Theodore Amar Lyons (December 28, 1900 – July 25, 1986) was an American professional baseball starting pitcher, manager and coach in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1955, he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."
}
] |
Ted Lyons was a French baseball player in the 1923 who won the gold glove award.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Lyons
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She died on the Isle of Wight in 1901."
}
] |
LmLtIE70FmHNceRe5vhN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "King William distrusted the Duchess's capacity to be regent, and in 1836 he declared in her presence that he wanted to live until Victoria's 18th birthday, so that a regency could be avoided."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She died on the Isle of Wight in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "1842–1860",
"text": "They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and her husband Albert until the bride was 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles",
"text": "20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901: Her Majesty"
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "Though Victoria was now queen, as an unmarried young woman she was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Diamond Jubilee",
"text": "The Queen requested that any special celebrations be delayed until 1897, to coincide with her Diamond Jubilee, which was made a festival of the British Empire at the suggestion of the Colonial Secretary, Joseph Chamberlain."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Death and succession",
"text": "She died on Tuesday 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "After a year, she was won around to the marriage by their promise to remain living with and attending her."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Death and succession",
"text": "With a reign of 63 years, seven months and two days, Victoria was the longest-reigning British monarch and the longest-reigning queen regnant in world history until her great-great-granddaughter Elizabeth II surpassed her on 9 September 2015."
}
] |
This Queen of the UK lived until 1901.
| 1 | 4 |
Queen Victoria
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Killing Fields (Khmer: វាលពិឃាត, Khmer pronunciation: [ʋiəl pikʰiət]) are a number of sites in Cambodia where collectively more than a million people were killed and buried by the Khmer Rouge regime (the Communist Party of Kampuchea) during its rule of the country from 1975 to 1979, immediately after the end of the Cambodian Civil War (1970–1975)."
}
] |
LmOnMhgKqbJxgv20CS3I
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After 5 years of researching some 20,000 grave sites, he concludes that \"these mass graves contain the remains of 1,386,734 victims of execution\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Process",
"text": "The executed were buried in mass graves."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The best known monument of the Killing Fields is at the village of Choeung Ek."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Many dozens of mass graves are visible above ground, many which have not been excavated yet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cambodian journalist Dith Pran coined the term \"killing fields\" after his escape from the regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A survivor of the genocide, Dara Duong, founded The Killing Fields Museum in Seattle, Washington, US."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Analysis of 20,000 mass grave sites by the DC-Cam Mapping Program and Yale University indicates at least 1,386,734 victims of execution."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Commonly, bones and clothing surface after heavy rainfalls due to the large number of bodies still buried in shallow mass graves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The mass killings are widely regarded as part of a broad state-sponsored genocide (the Cambodian genocide)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1979, Vietnam invaded Democratic Kampuchea and toppled the Khmer Rouge regime, an act that is viewed as having ended the genocide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Killing Fields (Khmer: វាលពិឃាត, Khmer pronunciation: [ʋiəl pikʰiət]) are a number of sites in Cambodia where collectively more than a million people were killed and buried by the Khmer Rouge regime (the Communist Party of Kampuchea) during its rule of the country from 1975 to 1979, immediately after the end of the Cambodian Civil War (1970–1975)."
}
] |
The Killing Fields in Vietnam contain at least 20,000 mass graves.
| 0 | 1 |
The Killing Fields
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "In 1972, the BBC produced a six-hour televised version that was highly praised, with a screenplay by Jack Pulman, Gayle Hunnicutt as Charlotte, Barry Morse as Adam Verver, Jill Townsend as Maggie, Daniel Massey as the Prince, and Cyril Cusack as Bob Assingham, ingeniously presented as the narrator, commenting on the development of the story very much in the style of Henry James."
}
] |
LmxTQ6WqpyADoySJkUag
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Charlotte is not wealthy, which is one reason they did not marry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Golden Bowl is a 1904 novel by Henry James."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "This version, presented on Masterpiece Theatre, was more faithful to the book than the later Merchant-Ivory film in the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "\"Critics consign The Golden Bowl to James's \"Old Pretender\" phase of writing, which characterizes his final novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Some critics believe that The Golden Bowl was an inspiration for Iris Murdoch, a known fan of James, and, in particular, her novel A Severed Head."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Golden Bowl 32nd on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical editions",
"text": "Henry James, The Golden Bowl ("
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "McCrum included the novel in The Guardian's list of 100 Best Novels, describing it as an \"amazing, labyrinthine, terrifying and often claustrophobic narrative.\" Author Colm Toibin called The Golden Bowl Henry James's best work, in part because James \"stripped down\" the number of characters to four."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "She happens to go to the same shop and buys the golden bowl they had rejected."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Golden Bowl explores the tangle of interrelationships between a father and daughter and their respective spouses."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "In 1972, the BBC produced a six-hour televised version that was highly praised, with a screenplay by Jack Pulman, Gayle Hunnicutt as Charlotte, Barry Morse as Adam Verver, Jill Townsend as Maggie, Daniel Massey as the Prince, and Cyril Cusack as Bob Assingham, ingeniously presented as the narrator, commenting on the development of the story very much in the style of Henry James."
}
] |
The 1904 novel The Golden Bowl was redone on Masterpiece Theatre on BBC in 1992.
| 1 | 4 |
The Golden Bowl
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "Fluorine is the thirteenth most common element in Earth's crust at 600–700 ppm (parts per million) by mass."
}
] |
LmyxFNHyYCBttN4dQPFu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Isotopes",
"text": "Only one isotope of fluorine occurs naturally in abundance, the stable isotope"
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "Elemental fluorine does not occur naturally."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "Other minerals such as topaz contain fluorine."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "Instead, all fluorine exists as fluoride-containing minerals."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "Cryolite (Na3AlF6), used in the production aluminium, is the most fluorine-rich mineral."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "Fluorite, also known as fluorspar, (CaF2), abundant worldwide, is the main source of fluoride, and hence fluorine."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "Fluorine is the thirteenth most common element in Earth's crust at 600–700 ppm (parts per million) by mass."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Electron configuration",
"text": "Fluorine atoms have nine electrons, one fewer than neon, and electron configuration 1s22s22p5: two electrons in a filled inner shell and seven in an outer shell requiring one more to be filled."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "The existence of gaseous fluorine in crystals, suggested by the smell of crushed antozonite, is contentious; a 2012 study reported the presence of 0.04% F2 by weight in antozonite, attributing these inclusions to radiation from the presence of tiny amounts of uranium."
},
{
"section_header": "Toxicity | Fluoride ion",
"text": "Malfunctioning water fluoridation equipment is another cause: one incident in Alaska affected almost 300 people and killed one person."
}
] |
Fluorine is on the Earth.
| 0 | 0 |
Fluorine
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The time for one complete cycle, a left swing and a right swing, is called the period."
}
] |
LnMbL8XZr1Ho2YHy2hUD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Accuracy of pendulums as timekeepers | Escapement",
"text": "Therefore, the goal of traditional escapement design is to apply the force with the proper profile, and at the correct point in the pendulum's cycle, so force variations have no effect on the pendulum's amplitude."
},
{
"section_header": "Other uses | Torture device",
"text": "This method was also known as the \"pendulum\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The time for one complete cycle, a left swing and a right swing, is called the period."
},
{
"section_header": "Period of oscillation",
"text": "If the amplitude is limited to small swings, the period T of a simple pendulum, the time taken for a complete cycle, is: T"
},
{
"section_header": "Other uses | Religious practice",
"text": "The swinging incense burner called a censer, also known as a thurible, is an example of a pendulum."
},
{
"section_header": "Gravity measurement | Kater's pendulum",
"text": "Reversible pendulums (known technically as \"convertible\" pendulums) employing Kater's principle were used for absolute gravity measurements into the 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "One of the earliest known uses of a pendulum was a 1st-century seismometer device of Han Dynasty Chinese scientist Zhang Heng."
},
{
"section_header": "Compound pendulum",
"text": "In 1817 Henry Kater used this idea to produce a type of reversible pendulum, now known as a Kater pendulum, for improved measurements of the acceleration due to gravity."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for time measurement | Atmospheric pressure",
"text": "Viscous air resistance slows the pendulum's velocity."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for time measurement | Temperature compensation | Mercury pendulum",
"text": "In a mercury pendulum, the pendulum's weight (bob) is a container of mercury."
}
] |
Pendulum's full cycle is known as path.
| 0 | 0 |
Pendulum
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Nielsen was born on 9 June 1865, the seventh of twelve children in a poor peasant family, at Sortelung near Nørre Lyndelse, south of Odense on the island of Funen."
}
] |
LohMp41dA4pSZhiIQDL9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Denmark, Nielsen's reputation was sealed in 2006 when three of his compositions were listed by the Ministry of Culture amongst the twelve greatest pieces of Danish music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "As his parents did not believe he had any future as a musician, they apprenticed him to a shopkeeper in a nearby village when he was fourteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brought up by poor yet musically talented parents on the island of Funen, he demonstrated his musical abilities at an early age."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Nielsen's works are sometimes referred to by CNW numbers, based on the Catalogue of Carl Nielsen's Works (CNW) published online by the Danish Royal Library in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Keyboard works",
"text": "Nielsen's own piano technique, an echo of which is probably preserved in three wax cylinders marked \"Carl Nielsen\" at the State Archives in Aarhus, seems to have been mediocre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Nielsen was born on 9 June 1865, the seventh of twelve children in a poor peasant family, at Sortelung near Nørre Lyndelse, south of Odense on the island of Funen."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Musical style",
"text": "Anne-Marie Reynolds, author of Carl Nielsen's Voice: His Songs in Context, cites Robert Simpson's view that \"all of his music is vocal in origin\", maintaining that song-writing strongly influenced Nielsen's development as a composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Editions",
"text": "Between 1994 and 2009 a complete new edition of Nielsen's works, the Carl Nielsen Edition, was commissioned by the Danish Government (at a cost of over 40 million kroner)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Final years and death",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen Monument was finally unveiled in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Carl Nielsen Museum in Odense documents his life and that of his wife."
}
] |
Carl Nielsen's parents had twelve kids.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Nielsen
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity."
}
] |
LojM0D18c0ODzb2o8KuS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Having been long separated from the continental landmasses, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku have developed their unique flora and fauna."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "The first level is that of the provinces, with five out of a total of 34 having a special status."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Indonesia is one of Coral Triangle countries with the world's most enormous diversity of coral reef fish with more than 1,650 species in eastern Indonesia only."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Humidity is quite high, at between 70 and 90%."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education and health",
"text": "Nevertheless, Indonesia continues to face challenges that include maternal and child health, low air quality, malnutrition, high rate of smoking, and infectious diseases."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Indonesia is second only to Australia in terms of total endemic species, with 36% of its 1,531 species of bird and 39% of its 515 species of mammal being endemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environment",
"text": "It would raise the frequency of drought and food shortages, having an impact on precipitation and the patterns of wet and dry seasons, the basis of Indonesia's agricultural system."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "However, it has also resulted in fertile soils, a factor in historically sustaining high population densities of Java and Bali."
}
] |
Indonesia does not have a high biodiversity.
| 2 | 5 |
Indonesia
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martin Brian Mulroney (; born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993."
}
] |
Lok3c3s41tSLndEjPems
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | First mandate (1984–1988) | Free trade",
"text": "On election day, November 21, 1988, Mulroney made a controversial order in council which allowed the establishment of the AMEX Bank of Canada (owned by American Express)."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "Former Bloc Québécois leader Michel Gauthier joined the ranks of the Conservative Party mention that he voted for Brian Mulroney in the 1984 and 1988 elections."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | Airbus/Schreiber affair",
"text": "As a result, Mulroney launched a $50 million libel lawsuit against the Government of Canada and the RCMP on November 20, 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | First mandate (1984–1988)",
"text": "Such diverse interests became difficult for Mulroney to juggle."
},
{
"section_header": "Builds reputation, gains publicity",
"text": "Mulroney and Bourassa would later cultivate a friendship that would turn out to be extremely beneficial when Mulroney ran for re-election in 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "He considered Brian Mulroney to be the greatest prime minister Canada has known in the last 50 years due to its political projects taken by him such as Meech Lake accord, the fight against apartheid, an economic project, the North American Free Trade Agreement, and a fiscal project, which was to put the finances of the state back in order."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Mulroney became a youth delegate and attended the 1956 leadership convention in Ottawa."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics",
"text": "Two years later, at the request of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Mulroney travelled to Washington, DC along with Michael Wilson, Canada's ambassador to the United States, as Canada's representatives at the state funeral of former president Gerald Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics",
"text": "In June 2004, Mulroney presented a eulogy for former U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the latter's state funeral."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Order of Canada Citation",
"text": "His accomplishments include, among others, the signing of the Free Trade Agreement with the United States, the North American Free Trade Agreement with Mexico and the United States, and the Acid Rain Treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martin Brian Mulroney (; born March 20, 1939) is a Canadian politician who served as the 18th prime minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993."
}
] |
Brian Mulroney became the head of state in Ireland in November of 1988.
| 0 | 2 |
Brian Mulroney
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yastrzemski played his entire 23-year Major League career with the Boston Red Sox (1961–1983)."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Carl's grandson Michael Andrew Yastrzemski, Carl Jr.'s son and also known as Mike, was drafted by the Red Sox in 2009 and the Seattle Mariners in 2012."
}
] |
Lox5Z2DGwx3BOQEHcyBB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carl also played Little League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yastrzemski played his entire 23-year Major League career with the Boston Red Sox (1961–1983)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raised on his father's potato farm, Carl played on sandlot baseball teams with his father, who, he maintains, was a better athlete than he was."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | 1967",
"text": "In that season, Yastrzemski also won the Hickok Belt as top professional athlete of the year and Sports Illustrated magazine's \"Sportsman of the Year\" Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Carl's grandson Michael Andrew Yastrzemski, Carl Jr.'s son and also known as Mike, was drafted by the Red Sox in 2009 and the Seattle Mariners in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "However, he did not sign with either team, as he played college baseball for the Vanderbilt Commodores."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "He started his professional career with the Durham Bulls and eventually played for two Chicago White Sox affiliated teams in the Triple-A Pacific Coast League, first with the Hawaii Islanders in 1987 and then ending his playing career with the Vancouver Canadians in 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "Prior to his induction in the Baseball Hall of Fame, in 1986, Carl Yastrzemski was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Michael Yastrzemski (; nicknamed \"Yaz\"; born August 22, 1939) is an American former Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Career regular season statistics",
"text": "Through the end of the 2017 season, on the all-time lists for Major League Baseball, Yastrzemski ranks first for games played for one team, second for games played, third for at-bats, sixth for bases on balls, eighth for doubles, ninth for hits, ninth for total bases, 13th for extra-base hits, and 14th for RBIs."
}
] |
Carl Yastrzemski has a grandson that plays professional baseball and he played for 23 years.
| 2 | 4 |
Carl Yastrzemski
|
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