category
stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes
int64 0
12
| gold_evidence
list | id
stringlengths 20
20
| label
stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence
list | text
stringlengths 16
429
| total_likes
int64 0
7
| total_votes
int64 0
13
| wikipedia_page
stringlengths 3
49
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jimmy Collins was born in Niagara Falls, New York."
}
] |
MPXAsxkKkkzzvq0SSVwa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Joseph Collins (January 16, 1870 – March 6, 1943) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Collins began his professional baseball career with the minor league Buffalo Bisons of the Eastern League, the forerunner of the current International League, in 1893."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included him in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Remaining career",
"text": "As a player, Collins batted .276, but again missed time due to injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Collins was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | National League star",
"text": "Collins asserted himself as a skilled player in 1897 when he held a .346 batting average and knocked in 132 runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Collins became a charter member of the Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.In"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After his retirement from baseball, they moved back to Buffalo, where Collins worked for the Buffalo Parks Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Jumping to the American League",
"text": "\" Collins recruited other National League stars for the Americans' roster, including Cy Young, and in his first season as player-manager guided the team to a second-place finish, four games behind the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jimmy Collins was born in Niagara Falls, New York."
}
] |
Professional baseball player James Collins was a Bostonian.
| 0 | 0 |
Jimmy Collins
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The mutineers cast Hudson, his son, and seven others adrift; the Hudsons and their companions were never seen again."
}
] |
MPhHj1JInmhoTNEKyZcC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Hudson River in New York and New Jersey is named after him, as are Hudson County, New Jersey, the Henry Hudson Bridge, the Henry Hudson Parkway, and the town of Hudson, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expeditions of 1607 and 1608",
"text": "On 1 May 1607, Hudson sailed with a crew of ten men and a boy on the 80-ton Hopewell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Hudson (c. 1565 – disappeared 23 June 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator during the early 17th century, best known for his explorations of present-day Canada and parts of the northeastern United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hudson is thought to have spent many years at sea, beginning as a cabin boy and gradually working his way up to ship's captain."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Some sources have identified Henry Hudson as having been born in about 1565, but others date his birth to around 1570."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1610–1611 | Mutiny",
"text": "According to Pricket, the leaders of the mutiny were Henry Greene and Robert Juet."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1610–1611 | Disappearance",
"text": "Hudson and the other seven aboard the shallop were never seen again."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1610–1611 | Disappearance",
"text": "After the mutiny, Hudson's shallop broke out oars and tried to keep pace with the Discovery for some time."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1610–1611 | Disappearance",
"text": "Pricket recalled that the mutineers finally tired of the David–Goliath pursuit and unfurled additional sails aboard the Discovery, enabling the larger vessel to leave the tiny open boat behind."
},
{
"section_header": "Exploration | Expedition of 1610–1611 | Disappearance",
"text": "Despite subsequent searches, including those conducted by Thomas Button in 1612, and by Zachariah Gillam in 1668–1670, their fate is unknown."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The mutineers cast Hudson, his son, and seven others adrift; the Hudsons and their companions were never seen again."
}
] |
Henry Hudson disappeared with his boy.
| 1 | 4 |
Henry Hudson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1995, Day was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame, just six days before his death at 78 years old."
}
] |
MPl5sZ5BGjnPCz7knbIy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Before Day's death in 1995, there were numerous efforts to celebrate his career and induct Day into the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, a long-time dream of his."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1995, Day was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame, just six days before his death at 78 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "After falling short one vote of being inducted in 1993, Day was elected to the Hall of Fame on March 7, 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "Before a crowd of 50,000 at Stadion Nürnberg in Germany, Day pitched in Game Two for a 2–1 victory as the OISE"
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In his post-baseball career, Day worked as a bartender in Newark before returning to his hometown in Baltimore in 1970, where he held a position as a security guard until 1979."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Other leagues",
"text": "Lastly, Day also played for two other Class-A teams in the St. Louis Browns farm system, the Scranton Miners and the Edmonton Eskimos, before retiring from professional baseball in 1955 at age 39."
}
] |
Leon Day was inducted into the HoF less than a week before his death.
| 0 | 0 |
Leon Day
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born on January 16, 1910, in Lucas, Arkansas, Dean attended public school only through second grade."
}
] |
MQLlONThwldtcxHW8216
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "A Dizzy Dean Museum was established at 1152 Lakeland Drive in Jackson, Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "\" Later in the scene, when tensions rise, Kramden quips \"Shut up, Dizzy Dean, and eat your spaghetti!\"Dean was parodied in the 1936 Merrie Melodies cartoon Boulevardier from the Bronx with a character named Dizzy Dan."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Dean worked his way through the Sox lineup, an exasperated Chicago manager reportedly yelled \"Knock that dizzy kid out the box!\" He proceeded to call him \"dizzy kid\" through the rest of the game, and the moniker stuck."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "Dizzy Dean in one of the characters of Mr. Vértigo, the novel written by the American author Paul Auster in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "In Morrison Bluff, Arkansas; about 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Clarksville; there is a restaurant, Porky's, with Dizzy Dean memorabilia."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "Dean was also referenced in the 1939 Laurel and Hardy film A Chump at Oxford, when Oliver Hardy unknowingly called the character of the actual dean at the famous Oxford University a \"dizzy dean\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "The United States Congress designated the U.S. Post Office in Wiggins, Mississippi as the \"Jay Hanna 'Dizzy' Dean Post Office\" in 2000 by Public Law 106-236."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "In October 1961, Dean announced that a company with which he was associated as vice-president, Dizzy Dean Enterprises, would construct a $350,000 charcoal briquette plant in Pachuta, Mississippi shortly after the beginning of 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "In the sketch, Abbott is explaining to Costello that many ballplayers have unusual nicknames including Dizzy Dean, his brother Daffy Dean, and their \"French cousin Goofé Dean\" (\"goofy\" pronounced with a French accent)."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "In 2015, author Carolyn E. Mueller and illustrator Ed Koehler published an animated book titled Dizzy Dean and the Gashouse Gang (ISBN 978-1-68106-002-6)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born on January 16, 1910, in Lucas, Arkansas, Dean attended public school only through second grade."
}
] |
Dizzy birthplace is Bowling Green, Kentucky.
| 1 | 3 |
Dizzy Dean
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brave New World is a dystopian novel by English author Aldous Huxley, written in 1931 and published in 1932."
}
] |
MRIRY5xUHitTzlH4GnbF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Censorship",
"text": "The American Library Association ranks Brave New World as No. 52 on their list of most challenged books."
},
{
"section_header": "Brave New World Revisited",
"text": "The last chapter of the book aims to propose action which could be taken to prevent a democracy from turning into the totalitarian world described in Brave New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Brave New World Revisited",
"text": "Brave New World Revisited (Harper & Brothers, US, 1958; Chatto & Windus, UK, 1959), written by Huxley almost thirty years after Brave New World, is a non-fiction work in which Huxley considered whether the world had moved toward or away from his vision of the future from the 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Brave New World Revisited",
"text": "In Brave New World Revisited, he concluded that the world was becoming like Brave New World much faster than he originally thought."
},
{
"section_header": "Brave New World Revisited",
"text": "Brave New World Revisited is different in tone because of Huxley's evolving thought, as well as his conversion to Hindu Vedanta in the interim between the two books."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Background figures",
"text": ", he reigned during the time Brave New World was written and revolutionized the 'old' Ottoman state into a new nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Upon publication, Rebecca West praised Brave New World as \"The most accomplished novel Huxley has yet written\", Joseph Needham lauded it as \"Mr. Huxley's remarkable book\", and Bertrand Russell also praised it, stating, \"Mr. Aldous Huxley has shown his usual masterly skill in Brave New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brave New World is a dystopian novel by English author Aldous Huxley, written in 1931 and published in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Brave New World Revisited",
"text": "In Huxley's last novel, Island, he again expounds similar ideas to describe a utopian nation, which is generally viewed as a counterpart to Brave New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Brave New World Revisited",
"text": "Huxley analysed the causes of this, such as overpopulation, as well as all the means by which populations can be controlled."
}
] |
Brave New World was written by an American and the book has been a cause of controversy around the world.
| 1 | 3 |
Brave New World
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Character | Physical appearance",
"text": "Historian and Egyptologist Joann Fletcher has said that the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great had blond hair."
}
] |
MRK894XQTh3QuGTuDnvF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Legend",
"text": "Legendary accounts surround the life of Alexander the Great, many deriving from his own lifetime, probably encouraged by Alexander himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Character | Generalship",
"text": "Alexander personally led the charge in the center, routing the opposing army."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Lineage and childhood",
"text": "This led Hegesias of Magnesia to say that it had burnt down because Artemis was away, attending the birth of Alexander."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest of the Persian Empire | The Levant and Syria",
"text": "After a long pause due to an illness, he marched on towards Syria."
},
{
"section_header": "Character | Generalship",
"text": "The Macedonian phalanx, armed with the sarissa, a spear 6 metres (20 ft) long, had been developed and perfected by Philip II through rigorous training, and Alexander used its speed and maneuverability to great effect against larger but more disparate Persian forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In ancient and modern culture",
"text": "Alexander the Great's accomplishments and legacy have been depicted in many cultures."
},
{
"section_header": "Character | Generalship",
"text": "This ensured that Alexander would not be outflanked, while his phalanx, armed with long pikes, had a considerable advantage over the Persians' scimitars and javelins."
},
{
"section_header": "Philip's heir | Regency and ascent of Macedon",
"text": "The Athenians, led by Demosthenes, voted to seek alliance with Thebes against Macedonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Character | Personality",
"text": "This behaviour cost him the sympathies of many of his countrymen."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest of the Persian Empire | The Levant and Syria",
"text": "In the following year, 332 BC, he was forced to attack Tyre, which he captured after a long and difficult siege."
},
{
"section_header": "Character | Physical appearance",
"text": "Historian and Egyptologist Joann Fletcher has said that the Macedonian ruler Alexander the Great had blond hair."
}
] |
Alexander the Great had a long mane of deep chestnut, which led to many comparisons to a lion.
| 3 | 9 |
Alexander the Great
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Chylak died of a heart attack at age 59 in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, and was survived by his wife Sue, his sons Robert and William, and seven grandchildren."
}
] |
MRiGfVXJblibkWqRqbE1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nestor George Chylak Jr. (; May 11, 1922 – February 17, 1982) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the American League from 1954 to 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Upon his death, Bowie Kuhn said that \"few have ever been more respected in his field than Mr. Chylak.\" AL president Lee MacPhail said, \"He was considered an outstanding teacher and certainly one of the finest umpires in major league baseball in modern times."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents, Nestor Sr. and Nellie, were of Ukrainian descent; Chylak was the first of their five children."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "When American League president Lee MacPhail decided the White Sox must forfeit the second game, Chylak was the one who informed White Sox owner Bill Veeck."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Chylak died of a heart attack at age 59 in Dunmore, Pennsylvania, and was survived by his wife Sue, his sons Robert and William, and seven grandchildren."
}
] |
Nestor Chylak's cause of death was a car accident on February 17, 1982.
| 0 | 1 |
Nestor Chylak
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In March of the same year, the CEO of Zillow announced a cut in expenses by 25%, and stopped hiring due to the COVID-19 outbreak."
}
] |
MSgvADChfMLUwVdhJKJp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In February 2020, Zillow's stock was up 18 percent after going down by four years."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In March of the same year, the CEO of Zillow announced a cut in expenses by 25%, and stopped hiring due to the COVID-19 outbreak."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model",
"text": "However, Renters also have a no-fee option to pay their rent by using ACH.In 2018, Zillow Group began operations as a blanket referral fee network without an upfront cost called Zillow Flex."
}
] |
Zilow cut its costs of 25% in 2020 because of the Coronavirus.
| 2 | 5 |
Zillow
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "He saw that I was short and stocky, so, from Day One, he started calling me \"Pudge.\" It caught on, and the rest is history."
}
] |
MTKpRSw48lBQHxlr5B1y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Iván Rodríguez Torres (born November 27, 1971), nicknamed \"Pudge\", is a former Major League Baseball catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "International career | World Baseball Classic (Puerto Rico)",
"text": "Rodríguez represented Puerto Rico in the 2006 World Baseball Classic."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Return to Puerto Rican League",
"text": "In preparation for the 2009 World Baseball Classic, Rodríguez returned to the Puerto Rico Baseball League (formerly LBPPR) during the offseason, following ten years of absence."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Texas Rangers",
"text": "Rodríguez was the sixth Puerto Rican to win the award, and the fourth player from the Texas Rangers to win it."
},
{
"section_header": "International career | World Baseball Classic (Puerto Rico)",
"text": "Rodríguez was one of several Major League Baseball players that committed to represent their birthplaces before the organization of the tournament."
},
{
"section_header": "International career | World Baseball Classic (Puerto Rico)",
"text": "He also played for Puerto Rico in the 2009 World Baseball Classic and was named to the classic's All-World Baseball Classic team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Texas Rangers",
"text": "Rodríguez was named to the Puerto Rican Winter League all-star team and was also the league Most Valuable Player (MVP).In 1994, Rodríguez led the American League in batting average among catchers, at .298."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Return to Puerto Rican League",
"text": "On January 8, 2008, the Leones de Ponce reclaimed Rodríguez in the last turn of a special post-season draft, where players from eliminated teams were selected to reinforce those that qualified."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Texas Rangers",
"text": "He again played in the Puerto Rican Winter League this season."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Texas Rangers",
"text": "He also played for Caguas in the Puerto Rican Winter League during the offseason."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "He saw that I was short and stocky, so, from Day One, he started calling me \"Pudge.\" It caught on, and the rest is history."
}
] |
Puerto Rican baseball player Iván Rodríguez was nicknamed "Pudge" ironically because he was so tall and lanky.
| 0 | 0 |
Iván Rodríguez
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, weeks after the convention's end, news of Major General Andrew Jackson's overwhelming victory in New Orleans swept over the Northeast, discrediting and disgracing the Federalists, resulting in their elimination as a major national political force."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power."
}
] |
MTqxjA1MInmkwVVpu9tK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Secret meetings",
"text": "After choosing George Cabot as president and Theodore Dwight as secretary, the convention remained in closed session for three weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | American relations with Great Britain and France",
"text": "Jefferson's goal was an expansion of free trade through Great Britain's lifting of trade restrictions placed against the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Convention report",
"text": "These attempted to combat the policies of the ruling Democratic-Republicans by: Prohibiting any trade embargo lasting over 60 days; Requiring a two-thirds Congressional majority for declaration of offensive war, admission of a new state, or interdiction of foreign commerce; Removing the three-fifths representation advantage of the South; Limiting future presidents to one term; Requiring each president to be from a different state than his predecessor. (This provision was aimed directly at the dominance of Virginia in the presidency since 1800)."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "Rhode Island's legislature selected four delegates to discuss \"the best means of cooperating for our mutual defense against the common enemy, and upon the measures which it may be in the power of said states, consistently with their obligations to adopt, to restore and secure to the people thereof, their rights and privileges under the Constitution of the United States\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, weeks after the convention's end, news of Major General Andrew Jackson's overwhelming victory in New Orleans swept over the Northeast, discrediting and disgracing the Federalists, resulting in their elimination as a major national political force."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative reception and legacy",
"text": "Some delegates may have been in favor of New England's secession from the United States and forming an independent republic, though no such resolution was adopted at the convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "His report delivered three days later called for resistance of any British invasion, criticized the leadership that had brought the nation close to disaster, and called for a convention of New England states to deal with both their common grievances and common defense."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "On December 15, 1814 the delegates met in the Connecticut Senate's chamber at the Old State House in Hartford."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Opposition to the War of 1812",
"text": "Harrison Gray Otis, who inspired these measures, suggested that the eastern states meet at a convention in Hartford, Connecticut."
}
] |
The Hartford Convention was invalidated a few weeks after it happened by a future president of the United States winning a huge victory against the British.
| 0 | 0 |
Hartford Convention
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic period drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, loosely based on the 1927 novel Oil!"
}
] |
MTtGD7pTAetiPi8ZDMFQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "to There Will Be Blood because he felt \"there's not enough of the book to feel like it's a proper adaptation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Top ten lists | Decade-end lists",
"text": "For its evocation of the early 1900s, its relentless focus on one man's fascinating obsessions, and for its inspiring example of how to freely adapt a novel—plus, what I think is the performance of the new century—There Will Be Blood stands alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "We were really unfaithful to the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "According to Day-Lewis, being asked to do the film was enough to convince him."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "But the book was a great stepping-stone."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Top ten lists | Decade-end lists",
"text": "Review aggregator site Metacritic, when comparing over 40 'top ten of the decade' lists from various notable publications, found There Will Be Blood to be the most mentioned, appearing on 46% of critics' lists and being ranked the decade's best film on five of them."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "H. W. Eli blames the disasters on the well not being properly blessed."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "That's not to say I didn't really like the book; I loved it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "So it was like having a really good collaborator, the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "According to Anderson, he was inspired by the fact that Sierra Madre is \"about greed and ambition and paranoia and looking at the worst parts of yourself\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There Will Be Blood is a 2007 American epic period drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson, loosely based on the 1927 novel Oil!"
}
] |
There Will Be Blood was inspired from a book.
| 0 | 0 |
There Will Be Blood
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s",
"text": "The frequently repeated story that eBay was founded to help Omidyar's fiancée trade"
}
] |
MTtKXvVNa60O6tcXSk5N
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Items",
"text": "The applications created by developers are available for subscription by eBay members who also subscribe to Selling Manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Items",
"text": "Software developers can create applications that integrate with eBay through the eBay API by joining the eBay Developers Program."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Items",
"text": "In June 2005, there were more than 15,000 members in the eBay Developers Program, comprising a broad range of companies creating software applications to support eBay buyers and sellers as well as eBay Affiliates."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Bidding | Charity auctions",
"text": "They aligned themselves with Internet phenomenon Têtes à claques to create an eBay auction based on popular T-A-C character Uncle Tom, an infomercial host who pitches absurd products."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Environmental record",
"text": "The array can supply 15–18% of the company's total energy requirements, reducing the amount of greenhouse gases that would be produced to create that energy by other means."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Environmental record",
"text": "Creating an equivalent impact to remove the same amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere would require planting 322 acres (1.30 km2) of trees."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s",
"text": "Pez candy dispensers were fabricated by a public relations manager, Mary Lou Song, in 1997 to interest the media, which were not interested in the company's previous explanation about wanting to create a \"perfect market\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s",
"text": "Ty producing the first business-to-consumer Web site - the original Ty Web site contained an online trading post where people could trade their Beanie Babies; however, the trading post was overwhelmed with unsortable listings, creating a legitimate demand for a more efficient online system to buy and trade Beanie Babies in the secondary marketAs a result, eBay provided a user-friendly interface to search for specific Beanie Babies that collectors were searching for."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Items",
"text": "Separate eBay sites such as eBay US and eBay UK allow the users to trade using the local currency."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Bidding | Charity auctions",
"text": "The program is called eBay Giving Works in the US, and eBay for Charity in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s",
"text": "The frequently repeated story that eBay was founded to help Omidyar's fiancée trade"
}
] |
Ebay was created by an Italian.
| 0 | 0 |
eBay
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom."
}
] |
MTtlFIuN2e8OB7MLFAh7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "The change was marked by a naming ceremony in which the Speaker of the House of Commons, John Bercow, unveiled a name plaque attached to the tower on the adjoining Speaker's Green."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "On 26 June 2012, the House of Commons confirmed that the name change could go ahead."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "The Prime Minister, David Cameron, announced the change of name on 12 September 2012 at the start of Prime Minister's Questions."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "On 2 June 2012, The Daily Telegraph reported that 331 Members of Parliament, including senior members of all three main parties, supported a proposal to change the name from Clock Tower to Elizabeth Tower in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II in her diamond jubilee year."
},
{
"section_header": "2017 renovation",
"text": "On 21 August 2017, Big Ben's chimes were silenced for four years to allow essential restoration work to be carried out on the tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance",
"text": "ITN's News at Ten opening sequence formerly featured an image of the tower with the sound of Big Ben's chimes punctuating the announcement of the news headlines of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The official name of the tower in which Big Ben is located was originally the Clock Tower; it was renamed Elizabeth Tower in 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "This was thought to be appropriate because the large west tower now known as Victoria Tower was renamed in tribute to Queen Victoria on her diamond jubilee."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Name",
"text": "St Stephen's Tower. As MPs originally sat at St Stephen's Hall, these journalists referred to anything related to the House of Commons as news from \"St. Stephens\" (the Palace of Westminster contains a feature called St Stephen's Tower, a smaller tower over the public entrance)."
},
{
"section_header": "Tower | Design",
"text": "Due to changes in ground conditions since construction, the tower leans slightly to the north-west, by roughly 230 millimetres (9.1 in) over 55 m height, giving an inclination of approximately 1⁄240."
}
] |
Big Ben's name was changed from the Clock Tower.
| 5 | 8 |
Big Ben
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "No brothers and sisters, no parents, and yet plenty to eat, and friends to play with and a warm bed, you know?\" Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be psychologically abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son: \"When my father left her, she substituted me for him."
}
] |
MTxcafIoOiY635k2BwSp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "When his mother died in the spring of 1992, Sondheim did not attend her funeral."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His father manufactured dresses designed by his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "As composer and lyricist | Work away from Broadway",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Stephen Sondheim?"
},
{
"section_header": "As composer and lyricist | Later work",
"text": "The musical closed on February 16, 1991, after 73 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "As composer and lyricist | Later work",
"text": "Directed by John Doyle, it closed on December 28, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "As composer and lyricist | Collaborations with Hal Prince (1970–1981)",
"text": "The show closed after a run of 193 performances, and was revived on Broadway in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "\"When Sondheim was ten years old, his father (already a distant figure) had left his mother for another woman (Alicia, with whom he had two sons)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Herbert sought custody of Stephen but was unsuccessful."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Stephen Sondheim Center for the Performing Arts, at the Fairfield Arts and Convention Center in Fairfield, Iowa, opened in December 2007 with performances by Len Cariou, Liz Callaway, and Richard Kind (all of whom had participated in Sondheim musicals).The Stephen Sondheim Society was established in 1993 to provide information about his work, with its Sondheim -"
},
{
"section_header": "As composer and lyricist | Dramatists Guild",
"text": "A supporter for writers' rights in the theatre industry, Stephen Sondheim is an active member of the Dramatists Guild of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "No brothers and sisters, no parents, and yet plenty to eat, and friends to play with and a warm bed, you know?\" Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be psychologically abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son: \"When my father left her, she substituted me for him."
}
] |
Stephen Sondheim was not close to his mother.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen Sondheim
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural",
"text": "The first film about the disaster, Saved from the Titanic, was released only 29 days after the ship sank and had an actual survivor as its star—the silent film actress Dorothy Gibson."
}
] |
MU8j640Z2mL3YF8iFA4o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final survivor of the sinking, Millvina Dean, aged two months at the time, died in 2009 at the age of 97."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Insurance, aid for survivors and lawsuits",
"text": "In the United States and Britain, more than 60 survivors combined to sue the White Star Line for damages connected to loss of life and baggage."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural",
"text": "The first film about the disaster, Saved from the Titanic, was released only 29 days after the ship sank and had an actual survivor as its star—the silent film actress Dorothy Gibson."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Survivors and victims",
"text": "Two special survivors were the stewardess Violet Jessop and the stoker Arthur John Priest, who survived the sinkings of both Titanic and HMHS Britannic and were aboard RMS Olympic when she was rammed in 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Atlantic crossing",
"text": "The first three days of the voyage from Queenstown had passed without apparent incident."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Passenger facilities",
"text": "As seen aboard Titanic, all White Star Line passenger ships divided their Third Class accommodations into two sections, always at opposite ends of the vessel from one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural",
"text": "The British film A Night to Remember (1958) is still widely regarded as the most historically accurate movie portrayal of the sinking."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Collecting passengers",
"text": "The White Star Line operated two at Cherbourg, the SS Traffic and the SS Nomadic."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Collecting passengers",
"text": "The incident delayed Titanic's departure for about an hour, while the drifting New York was brought under control."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage",
"text": "The following August, Adriatic was transferred to White Star Line's main Liverpool-New York service, and in November, Majestic was withdrawn from service impending the arrival of Titanic in the coming months, and was mothballed as a reserve ship."
}
] |
The orginal Titantic movie featured survivors as the stars and was released two months after the incident.
| 3 | 6 |
RMS Titanic
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Boats",
"text": "There are three boat-shaped pits around the pyramid, of a size and shape to have held complete boats, though so shallow that any superstructure, if there ever was one, must have been removed or disassembled."
}
] |
MUHjZK6QEe0CvnEzLpdO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Boats",
"text": "During construction of this museum, which stands above the boat pit, a second sealed boat pit was discovered."
},
{
"section_header": "Boats",
"text": "There are three boat-shaped pits around the pyramid, of a size and shape to have held complete boats, though so shallow that any superstructure, if there ever was one, must have been removed or disassembled."
},
{
"section_header": "Boats",
"text": "The result is a cedar-wood boat 43.6 metres (143 ft) long, its timbers held together by ropes, which is currently housed in a special boat-shaped, air-conditioned museum beside the pyramid."
},
{
"section_header": "Boats",
"text": "In May 1954, the Egyptian archaeologist Kamal el-Mallakh discovered a fourth pit, a long, narrow rectangle, still covered with slabs of stone weighing up to 15 tons."
},
{
"section_header": "Boats",
"text": "It was deliberately left unopened until 2011 when excavation began on the boat."
},
{
"section_header": "Boats",
"text": "These were entrusted to a boat builder, Haj Ahmed Yusuf, who worked out how the pieces fit together."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "Lehner has discovered a worker's town outside of the wall, otherwise known as \"The Lost City\", dated by pottery styles, seal impressions, and stratigraphy to have been constructed and occupied sometime during the reigns of Khafre (2520–2494 BC) and Menkaure (2490–2472 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "History and description",
"text": "The ratio of the perimeter to height of 1760/280 Egyptian Royal cubits equates to 2π to an accuracy of better than 0.05 percent ("
},
{
"section_header": "Interior",
"text": "There is a continuation of the horizontal passage in the south wall of the lower chamber; there is also a pit dug in the floor of the chamber."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "A notable construction flanking the Giza pyramid complex is a cyclopean stone wall, the Wall of the Crow."
}
] |
There was a boat pit constructed outside the pyramids perimeter.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Pyramid of Giza
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Piscine Molitor Patel after the swimming pool in France."
}
] |
MUJTcUazQ0wYNYDmQhFM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Pi tells the writer the following story about his life: Pi's father names him"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Life of Pi is a 2012 adventure drama film based on Yann Martel's 2001 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The storyline revolves around an Indian man named \"Pi\" Patel, telling a novelist about his life story, and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck and is adrift in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Richard Parker retreats to the lifeboat while Pi and the meerkats sleep in the trees; the water pools turn acidic, digesting the fish in them."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Pi's family owns a zoo, and Pi takes interest in the animals, especially a Bengal tiger named Richard Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In secondary school in Pondicherry, he adopts the name \"Pi\" (the Greek letter, π) to avoid the sound-alike nickname \"Pissing Patel\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Ultimately, Shyamalan chose to film Lady in the Water after The Village; he said later, \"I was hesitant [to direct] because the book has kind of a twist ending."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "And I was concerned that as soon as you put my name on it, everybody would have a different experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Marketing",
"text": "This was later followed by the release of The Making of Life of Pi: A Film, a Journey, a book by Jean-Christophe Castelli that details how Life of Pi was brought to the big screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Lee stated that water was a major inspiration behind making the film in 3-D: \"I thought this was a pretty impossible movie to make technically."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Piscine Molitor Patel after the swimming pool in France."
}
] |
In Life of Pi, the protagonist was named after an artificial water enclosure.
| 0 | 0 |
Life of Pi (film)
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known as \"Stretch\" during his playing days, and later also nicknamed \"Mac\" and \"Willie Mac,\"."
}
] |
MUKLdMqUZ8xnyE4cnPvm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman from 1959 to 1980, most notably as a member of the San Francisco Giants for whom he played with for 19 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known as \"Stretch\" during his playing days, and later also nicknamed \"Mac\" and \"Willie Mac,\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy",
"text": "Since 1980, the Giants have awarded the Willie Mac Award to honor his spirit and leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McCovey also played for the San Diego Padres and Oakland Athletics in the latter part of his MLB career."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy",
"text": "Two years later, the sport's most prominent sabermetric analyst, Bill James, ranked him 69th, and the 9th-best first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Post-playing career",
"text": "In this role, he visited the team during spring training and during the season, providing advice and other services."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Willie Lee McCovey (January 10, 1938 – October 31, 2018) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Legacy",
"text": "McCovey was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1986 in his first year of eligibility — making him the 16th player so honored."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major Leagues | San Francisco Giants (1959–73)",
"text": "He won the NL Player of the Month Award in August, his first full month in the majors (.373, 8 HR, 22 RBI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor Leagues",
"text": "McCovey was 17 years old, 6'2\", 165 pounds, and proceeded to hit .305 with 19 home runs, scoring 113 runs in 107 games."
}
] |
Willie McCovey was a professional MLB player for 19 seasons, played first baseman, and was often referred to as the Big Mac.
| 1 | 4 |
Willie McCovey
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Gibson overcame childhood illness to excel in youth sports, particularly basketball and baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Despite a childhood that included health problems like rickets, and a serious case of either asthma or pneumonia when he was three, Gibson was active in sports in both informal and organized settings, particularly baseball and basketball."
}
] |
MVJtbSAlRVGdqTtKCmR0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gibson was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the last of Pack and Victoria Gibson's seven children (five boys and two girls)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While he revered his father's legacy, Gibson disliked the name Pack, and later changed his first name to Robert."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gibson's father died of tuberculosis three months prior to Gibson's birth, and Gibson himself was named Pack Robert Gibson in his father's honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Gibson (born November 9, 1935) is an American retired baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals (1959–1975)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Keane and Gibson shared a positive professional relationship, and Keane immediately moved Gibson into the starting pitching rotation full-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Honors",
"text": "A bronze statue of Gibson by Harry Weber is located in front of Busch Stadium, commemorating Gibson along with other St. Louis Cardinals greats."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | 1969–1975",
"text": "Gibson achieved two highlights in August 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Gibby\" and \"Hoot\" (after actor Hoot Gibson), Gibson tallied 251 wins, 3,117 strikeouts, and a 2.91 earned run average (ERA) during his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | 1962–1967",
"text": "Gibson was matched against Yankees starting pitcher Mel Stottlemyre for three of the Series' seven games, with Gibson losing Game 2, then winning Game 5."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gibson is the author of the memoir Pitch by Pitch, with Lonnie Wheeler."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Omaha, Nebraska, Gibson overcame childhood illness to excel in youth sports, particularly basketball and baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Despite a childhood that included health problems like rickets, and a serious case of either asthma or pneumonia when he was three, Gibson was active in sports in both informal and organized settings, particularly baseball and basketball."
}
] |
Robert "Bob" Gibson was sickly as a boy.
| 0 | 0 |
Bob Gibson
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raines was one of seven children."
}
] |
MVeJ9C7u6CsWwVcIXCbA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two of his brothers, Levi and Ned III, played minor league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "He also had six full seasons with an on-base percentage above .390."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Raines stole at least 70 bases in each of his first six full seasons (1981–1986), leading the National League in stolen bases each season from 1981 to 1984, with a career high of 90 steals in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "After debuting with six games as a pinch runner in 1979, he played briefly as a second baseman for the Expos in 1980 but soon switched to playing the outfield, and rapidly became a fan favorite due to his aggressiveness on the basepaths."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Discussing his decision to play professional baseball instead of football he stated, \"... in football I was a running back, so in the NFL my career would have probably lasted six or seven years and in baseball I ended up playing 23 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Post-Expos career",
"text": "In 1993, despite missing nearly six weeks in April and May due to a torn ligament in his thumb he suffered while stealing a base, he managed to hit .306 with 16 home runs as the White Sox won the American League Western Division title."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raines was born in Sanford, Florida, to Ned and Florence Raines."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "The baseball complex at Seminole High School in Sanford, Florida, Raines' alma mater, has been renamed Tim Raines Athletic Park in his honor, and Raines' number 22 has been retired at the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raines was one of seven children."
}
] |
Raines has six brothers and sisters.
| 2 | 4 |
Tim Raines
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Relations between Bligh and his crew deteriorated after he began handing out increasingly harsh punishments, criticism and abuse, Christian being a particular target."
}
] |
MVrNzhXD3tyjZ6BR2KAO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Expedition | Tahiti",
"text": "He was often humiliated by the captain—sometimes in front of the crew and the Tahitians—for real or imagined slackness, while severe punishments were handed out to men whose carelessness had led to the loss or theft of equipment."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Crew",
"text": "To the two master's mates and two midshipmen were added several honorary midshipmen—so-called \"young gentlemen\" who were aspirant naval officers."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Mutineers divided",
"text": "The Tahitians had learned from the crew of a visiting British ship that the story of Cook and Bligh founding a settlement in Aitutaki was a fabrication, and that Cook had been long dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Bounty and its mission",
"text": "The space required for these arrangements in the small ship meant that the crew and officers would endure severe overcrowding for the duration of the long voyage."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Crew",
"text": "The youngest aboard were Hallett and Heywood, both 15 when they left England."
},
{
"section_header": "Expedition | Tahiti",
"text": "Among the belongings Churchill left on the ship was a list of names that Bligh interpreted as possible accomplices in a desertion plot—the captain later asserted that the names included those of Christian and Heywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Expedition | Towards home",
"text": "Christian was a particular target, always seeming to bear the brunt of the captain's rages."
},
{
"section_header": "Expedition | Towards home",
"text": "His mood was worsened when Bligh accused him of stealing coconuts from the captain's private supply."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Crew",
"text": "Christian had chosen a life at sea rather than the legal career envisaged by his family."
},
{
"section_header": "Expedition | Tahiti",
"text": "Bligh was impatient to be away, but as Richard Hough observes in his account, he \"failed to anticipate how his company would react to the severity and austerity of life at sea ... after five dissolute, hedonistic months at Tahiti\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Relations between Bligh and his crew deteriorated after he began handing out increasingly harsh punishments, criticism and abuse, Christian being a particular target."
}
] |
This was a real life mutiny aboard a British naval vessel in which the captain and several of those loyal to him were booted from the ship due to the captain's cruel behavior towards his crew.
| 0 | 0 |
Mutiny on the Bounty
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Peer Gynt (, Norwegian: [ˈpeːr ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen published in 1867."
}
] |
MVufbzmXo2VsmwRF18Pz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Grieg's music",
"text": "Grieg composed a score that plays approximately ninety minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Grieg's music",
"text": "Ibsen asked Edvard Grieg to compose incidental music for the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1989, John Neumeier created a ballet \"freely based on Ibsen's play\", for which Alfred Schnittke composed the score."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "\"On an episode of \"Inside the Actor's Studio\" , Elton John spontaneously composed a song based on a passage from Peer Gynt."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "This ballet uses mostly the Grieg music, but adds selections by other composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In Israel, poet Dafna Eilat (he:דפנה אילת) composed a poem in Hebrew called \"Solveig\", which she also set to music, its theme derived from the play and emphasizing the named character's boundless faithful love."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1938 German composer Werner Egk finished an opera based on the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Grieg's music",
"text": "Other Norwegian composers who have written theatrical music for Peer Gynt include Harald Sæverud (1947), Arne Nordheim (1969), Ketil Hvoslef (1993) and Jon Mostad (1993–4)."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peer Gynt Festival",
"text": "The play is staged in Peer Gynt's birthplace, where Ibsen claims he found inspiration for the character Peer Gynt, and is regarded by many as the most authentic version."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peer Gynt Festival",
"text": "The music to the play is inspired by the original theatre music by Edvard Grieg – the \"Peer Gynt suite\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Peer Gynt (, Norwegian: [ˈpeːr ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen published in 1867."
}
] |
Peer Gyntis is a play by a Nordic composer.
| 1 | 2 |
Peer Gynt
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "In part due to its dual printing, \"The Raven\" made Edgar Allan Poe a household name almost immediately, and turned Poe into a national celebrity."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Poetic structure",
"text": "The poem is made up of 18 stanzas of six lines each."
}
] |
MW9FtXIY1gdL0Uays3sD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Raven\" is a narrative poem by American writer Edgar Allan Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Critical opinion is divided as to the poem's literary status, but it nevertheless remains one of the most famous poems ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "In part due to its dual printing, \"The Raven\" made Edgar Allan Poe a household name almost immediately, and turned Poe into a national celebrity."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Poe wrote the poem as a narrative, without intentional allegory or didacticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Illustrators",
"text": "Notably, in 1858 \"The Raven\" appeared in a British Poe anthology with illustrations by John Tenniel, the Alice in Wonderland illustrator (The Poetical Works of Edgar Allan Poe: With Original Memoir, London: Sampson Low)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Poetic structure",
"text": "The poem is made up of 18 stanzas of six lines each."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "In the summer of 1844, when the poem was likely written, Poe, his wife, and mother-in-law were boarding at the farmhouse of Patrick Brennan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem makes use of folk, mythological, religious, and classical references."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Poetic structure",
"text": "The poem also makes heavy use of alliteration (\"Doubting, dreaming dreams ...\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The name of the Baltimore Ravens, a professional American football team, was inspired by the poem."
}
] |
"The Raven" is a narrative poem with eighteen stanzas written by American writer Edgar Allan Poe making him famous.
| 0 | 0 |
The Raven
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title comes from the valley of Taipivai, once known as Taipi."
}
] |
MWOXj1N77rC2mJ88CYjj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life is the first book by American writer Herman Melville, published first in London, then New York, in 1846."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The inaugural book of the Library of America series, titled Typee, Omoo, Mardi (May 6, 1982), was a volume containing Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life, its sequel Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847), and Mardi, and a Voyage Thither (1849)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "The Knickerbocker called Typee \"a piece of Münchhausenism\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "New York: Harvest Book. Nelson, Randy F. (1981)."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "It was Melville's first book, and made him one of the best-known American authors overnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The book presents itself as a piece of travel adventure, but from the beginning there were questions whether the story was true."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life the Writings of Herman Melville Vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Plagiarism in Typee: A Peep at Herman Melville's Lifting from Travel Narratives\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Typee is, \"in fact, neither literal autobiography nor pure fiction,\" says scholar Leon Howard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title comes from the valley of Taipivai, once known as Taipi."
}
] |
Typee is a book about Polynesia and gets it's name from a river.
| 0 | 0 |
Typee
|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon his retirement, he ranked fifth all-time among managers with 2,008 career victories, second only to John McGraw in National League history."
}
] |
MWsrynEoCTGovdywBiBp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Leo Durocher was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, on July 27, 1905, the youngest of four sons born to French Canadian parents."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon his retirement, he ranked fifth all-time among managers with 2,008 career victories, second only to John McGraw in National League history."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Durocher spent the remainder of his professional career in the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leo Ernest Durocher (; July 27, 1905 – October 7, 1991), nicknamed Leo the Lip and Lippy, was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Also in 1938, Durocher made history of a sort by making the final out in Johnny Vander Meer's second consecutive no-hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In the 1938 game in Cincinnati, Durocher hit the only Little League Home Run in All-Star Game history."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "They bettered their record in 1942, winning 104 games but just missing out on winning a second consecutive pennant."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs",
"text": "In 1967, however, the Cubs started strongly and had only their second winning season since 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Durocher helped the team win their second consecutive World Series title in 1928, then demanded a raise."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs",
"text": "The Cubs started the season on a tear, and led the newly created National League East for 105 days."
}
] |
Leo Durocher is second in the National League history for most wins as a coach and was born in Massachusetts.
| 1 | 8 |
Leo Durocher
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "McClellan initially intended to follow his father into the medical profession, and attended a private academy, which was followed by enrollment in a private preparatory school for the University of Pennsylvania."
}
] |
MWsu3FMF0aaZOmHBmnGf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Mexican–American War 1846–1848",
"text": "Gen. Winfield Scott, a close friend of McClellan's father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Mexican–American War 1846–1848",
"text": "McClellan's first assignment was with a company of engineers formed at West Point, but he quickly received orders to sail for the Mexican War."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Peacetime service",
"text": "McClellan returned to West Point to command his engineering company, which was attached to the academy for the purpose of training cadets in engineering activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He was commissioned a brevet second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "McClellan initially intended to follow his father into the medical profession, and attended a private academy, which was followed by enrollment in a private preparatory school for the University of Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Postbellum years",
"text": "McClellan was appointed chief engineer of the New York City Department of Docks in 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Peninsula Campaign",
"text": "\" McClellan asked for the opinion of his chief engineer John G. Barnard, who recommended against an assault."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "His mother was Elizabeth Sophia Steinmetz Brinton McClellan (1800–1889), daughter of a leading Pennsylvania family, a woman noted for her \"considerable grace and refinement.\" Her father was of British origin, while her mother was Pennsylvania Dutch."
},
{
"section_header": "Postbellum years",
"text": "McClellan worked on engineering projects in New York City and was offered the position of president of the newly formed University of California, which he declined."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 – October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th Governor of New Jersey."
}
] |
McClellan's father was an engineer.
| 0 | 4 |
George B. McClellan
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Burleigh Arland Grimes (August 18, 1893 – December 6, 1985) was an American professional baseball player, and the last pitcher officially permitted to throw the spitball."
}
] |
MXk50UczJGoAyXT5vp5R
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "When the spitball was banned in 1920, he was named as one of 17 established pitchers who were allowed to continue to throw the pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Burleigh Arland Grimes (August 18, 1893 – December 6, 1985) was an American professional baseball player, and the last pitcher officially permitted to throw the spitball."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "At the time of his retirement, he was the last player who was legally allowed to throw a spitball, as he was one of 17 spitballers permitted to throw the pitch after it was otherwise outlawed in 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Burleigh Grimes also participated in boxing as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "According to Baseball Digest, the Phillies were able to hit him because they knew when he was throwing the spitter."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Grimes was a very good hitting pitcher in his major league career, posting a .248 batting average (380-for-1535) with 157 runs, 62 doubles, 11 triples, 2 home runs and 168 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Grimes was the manager of the Dodgers in 1937-38."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Grimes played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1916 and 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Grimes was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Emerald, Wisconsin, Grimes was the first child of Nick Grimes, a farmer and former day laborer, and the former Ruth Tuttle, the daughter of a former Wisconsin legislator."
}
] |
Burleigh Grimes was the final pitcher to be allowed to throw spitballs.
| 0 | 0 |
Burleigh Grimes
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe even designed the famous all-black \"funeral\" uniforms the Giants wore that season."
}
] |
MXnTy9BG1txKLCU7Skd5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timothy John Keefe (January 1, 1857 – April 23, 1933), nicknamed \"Smiling Tim\" and \"Sir Timothy\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe said, \"I want to play in New York, but I never will for a $3,000 salary... To tell you the truth, however, I do not think I am wanted in the New York team, and this cutting method is being pursued to keep me out.\" Keefe ultimately signed with the team for a $3,500 salary."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Tim Keefe was a child, Patrick served in the Union Army during the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "With the help of local former pitcher Tommy Bond, Keefe persisted and became known as a standout local pitcher by 1876."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "All four of Patrick's brothers were killed in the war; Tim had been named after two of them."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Here, Keefe joined future Hall of Famers Buck Ewing, Monte Ward, Roger Connor, Mickey Welch, and \"Orator\" Jim O'Rourke to form an outstanding team that finished with a fine 85–27 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the second MLB pitcher to record 300 wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His first season was the last in which pitchers threw from 45 feet, so for most of his career he pitched from 50 feet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His final season was the first season in which pitchers hurled from the modern distance of 60 feet, 6 inches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the most dominating pitchers of the 19th century and posted impressive statistics in one category or another for almost every season he pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Keefe even designed the famous all-black \"funeral\" uniforms the Giants wore that season."
}
] |
Tim Keefe was a pitcher, he didn't decide what his team was wearing.
| 2 | 5 |
Tim Keefe
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1940s: war and post-war",
"text": "He called her the nightingale who made him cry (\"Mon rossignol à larmes\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1940s: war and post-war",
"text": "The leading female role was taken by Denise Duval, who became the composer's favourite soprano, frequent recital partner and dedicatee of some of his music."
}
] |
MYIOCOAiRzPvmZDNopIw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc (French: [fʁɑ̃sis ʒɑ̃ maʁsɛl pulɛ̃k]; 7 January 1899 – 30 January 1963) was a French composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Recordings",
"text": "In 2005, EMI issued a DVD, \"Francis Poulenc & Friends\", featuring filmed performances of Poulenc's music, played by the composer, with Duval, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Jacques Février and Georges Prêtre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Poulenc called him \"my true brother in spirit\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1920s: increasing fame",
"text": "In 1921 Ernest Newman wrote in The Manchester Guardian, \"I keep my eye on Francis Poulenc, a young man who has only just arrived at his twenties."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1950–63: The Carmelites and last years",
"text": "In compliance with his wishes, none of his music was performed; Marcel Dupré played works by Bach on the grand organ of the church."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Choral",
"text": "Like the Mass, it is unaccompanied, and to succeed in performance it requires singers of the highest quality."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First compositions and Les Six",
"text": "This jeu d'esprit was the first of many examples of what Anglophone critics came to call \"leg-Poulenc\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "After initially dismissing Poulenc as a bourgeois amateur, he relented and admitted him to the circle of protégés, whom he called \"Les Nouveaux Jeunes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First compositions and Les Six",
"text": "The baritone engaged for the first performance lost his nerve on the platform, and the composer, though no singer, jumped in."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1950–63: The Carmelites and last years",
"text": "Between then and the French premiere Poulenc introduced one of his most popular late works, the Flute Sonata, which he and Jean-Pierre Rampal performed in June at the Strasbourg Music Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1940s: war and post-war",
"text": "He called her the nightingale who made him cry (\"Mon rossignol à larmes\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1940s: war and post-war",
"text": "The leading female role was taken by Denise Duval, who became the composer's favourite soprano, frequent recital partner and dedicatee of some of his music."
}
] |
Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc called the singer who was his favorite the "best of the chansons."
| 0 | 0 |
Francis Poulenc
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "The youngest of three sons, Donizetti was born in 1797 in Bergamo's Borgo Canale quarter, located just outside the city walls."
}
] |
MYLjznB5zeiYKRjrLRVf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1838–1840: Donizetti abandons Naples for Paris",
"text": "In October 1838, Donizetti moved to Paris vowing never to have dealings with the San Carlo again after the King of Naples banned the production of Poliuto on the grounds that such a sacred subject was inappropriate for the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "By late March Donizetti had been offered a contract not only to compose new operas, but also to be responsible for preparing performances of new productions by other composers whose work had been given elsewhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "Unanimous, sincere, universal was the applause he justly collected from the capacity audience.... Soon after 19 February, Donizetti left Rome for Naples, where he was to settle for a large part of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Attempts to move Donizetti back to Paris",
"text": "Within a few days, Donizetti was given permission to leave and he set out from Paris on what was to be a seventeen-day trip to Bergamo."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "One of the later performances became the occasion for Donizetti to meet the then-21-year-old music student, Vincenzo Bellini, an event recounted by Francesco Florimo some sixty years later. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "Due Sicilie stated that it would include a Donizetti opera, describing the composer as: a young pupil of one of the most valued Maestros of the century, Mayer (sic), a large part of whose glory might be called ours, he having modeled his style on that of the great luminaries of the musical art sprung up among us."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Donizetti was born in Bergamo in Lombardy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Attempts to move Donizetti back to Paris",
"text": "In late December, early January 1847, visits from a friend from Vienna who lived in Paris—Baron Eduard von Lannoy—resulted in a letter from Lannoy to Giuseppe Donizetti in Constantinople outlining what he saw as a better solution: rather than have friends travel the five hours to see his brother, Lannoy recommended that Gaetano be moved to Paris where he could be taken care of by the same doctors."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1843–1845: Paris to Vienna to Italy; final return to Paris | 1844: In Vienna",
"text": "Donizetti had made a promise to Giacomo Pedroni of the publishing house Casa Ricordi to oversee the production of the opera, which was given on 30 May with Donizetti conducting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Late July 1822 to February 1824: Assignments in Milan and Rome",
"text": "Donizetti finally returned to Naples by late March."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and musical education in Bergamo and Bologna",
"text": "The youngest of three sons, Donizetti was born in 1797 in Bergamo's Borgo Canale quarter, located just outside the city walls."
}
] |
Donizetti was the eldest of his siblings.
| 0 | 3 |
Gaetano Donizetti
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Tiskilwa, Illinois, Giles attended Washington & Lee University and served as an infantry officer in France during World War I. Before becoming a full-time baseball executive he worked as a football and basketball official in the Missouri Valley Conference, a major U.S. college sports league."
}
] |
MZaZE2CEGBv1jrRkoyUL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "National League president",
"text": "During his tenure, the National League won 16 of 22 All-Star games played, with one tie. (Two games were played each year from 1959 to 1962.) The NL also won ten of 18 World Series during Giles' term."
},
{
"section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Then, on June 13, 1938, Giles swung one of the most successful trades in Cincinnati history, when he obtained starting pitcher Bucky Walters from the Philadelphia Phillies for catcher Spud Davis, pitcher Al Hollingsworth and cash."
},
{
"section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Nevertheless, Giles was a leading candidate to become baseball's third commissioner after Happy Chandler was fired in 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame honors",
"text": "Also, Minor League Baseball gives out the Warren Giles Award to outstanding minor league presidents."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warren Crandall Giles (May 28, 1896 – February 7, 1979) was an American professional baseball executive."
},
{
"section_header": "National League president",
"text": "During his 18-year reign as chief executive of the Senior Circuit (including the full seasons of 1952–1969), Giles presided over several historic events."
},
{
"section_header": "National League president",
"text": "Under Giles, the National League began a 33-year (1956–1988) streak during which it dominated the American League in attendance—a remarkable achievement, given that the Junior Circuit had two more member teams than the NL during 13 of those seasons (in 1961 and 1977–1988).During the early weeks of the 1963 season, Giles became a figure of some controversy after he instructed the NL's umpires to strictly enforce the balk rule then in place."
},
{
"section_header": "President/GM of the Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "The Reds boasted .500 or above teams through 1944, but declined beginning in 1945 and during the post-war era finished in the NL's second division and posted losing records for Giles' last seven seasons as the Reds' top executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Tiskilwa, Illinois, Giles attended Washington & Lee University and served as an infantry officer in France during World War I. Before becoming a full-time baseball executive he worked as a football and basketball official in the Missouri Valley Conference, a major U.S. college sports league."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame honors",
"text": "Giles is interred in Riverside Cemetery in Moline, Illinois."
}
] |
Warren Giles was on a ship caught on fire during the invasion of Normandy.
| 3 | 4 |
Warren Giles
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell."
}
] |
MZkygUZRD7AG5RpjFOV6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The name \"The Cider House Rules\" refers to the list of rules that the migrant workers are supposed to follow at the Ocean View Orchards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, none of them can read, and they are completely unaware of the rules - which have been posted for years."
}
] |
The Cider House Rules is a book that was made into a movie and a theater production.
| 2 | 4 |
The Cider House Rules
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bacteriophages are among the most common and diverse entities in the biosphere."
}
] |
MZmSYUWAHLvG3KqjsjSD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Uses | Other",
"text": "The test returns results in about five hours, compared to two to three days for standard microbial identification and susceptibility test methods."
},
{
"section_header": "In the environment",
"text": "Metagenomics has allowed the in-water detection of bacteriophages that was not possible previously."
},
{
"section_header": "In the environment",
"text": "Non-polluted water may contain approximately 2×108 bacteriophages per ml."
},
{
"section_header": "In the environment",
"text": "Also, bacteriophages have been used in hydrological tracing and modelling in river systems, especially where surface water and groundwater interactions occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Attachment and penetration",
"text": "As phage virions do not move independently, they must rely on random encounters with the correct receptors when in solution, such as blood, lymphatic circulation, irrigation, soil water, etc."
},
{
"section_header": "In the environment",
"text": "The use of phages is preferred to the more conventional dye marker because they are significantly less absorbed when passing through ground waters and they are readily detected at very low concentrations."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1896, Ernest Hanbury Hankin reported that something in the waters of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in India had a marked antibacterial action against cholera and it could pass through a very fine porcelain filter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bacteriophages are among the most common and diverse entities in the biosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication",
"text": "Bacteriophages may have a lytic cycle or a lysogenic cycle."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Communication",
"text": "Research in 2017 revealed that the bacteriophage Φ3T makes a short viral protein that signals other bacteriophages to lie dormant instead of killing the host bacterium."
}
] |
Bacteriophages only live outside of water for two hours.
| 0 | 0 |
Bacteriophage
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Brand elements | Brand communication",
"text": "Five key components comprise IMC: advertising"
}
] |
MZpnF89AS4hwJVQeJuHa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Multibranding strategy | Fighting brands",
"text": "The main purpose of fighting brands is to challenge competitor brands."
},
{
"section_header": "Brand elements",
"text": "scents: the rose-jasmine-musk scent of Chanel No. 5 is trademarked"
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Company name",
"text": "Decisions about company names and product names and their relationship depend on more than a dozen strategic considerations."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand personality",
"text": "Brand orientation develops in response to market intelligence."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Individual and organizational brands",
"text": "With the development of the brand, Branding is no longer limited to a product or service."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Multiproduct branding strategy",
"text": "Church & Dwight, a manufacturer of household products displays the Arm & Hammer family brand name for all its products containing baking soda as the main ingredient."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Naomi Klein has described this development as \"brand equity mania\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Global brand variables | Brand trust",
"text": "Brand trust is often used as an important part of developing the portrayal of the business globally."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts",
"text": "Brand development, often the task of a design team, takes time to produce."
},
{
"section_header": "International Standards",
"text": "The ISO branding standards developed by the Committee ISO/TC 289 are: '"
},
{
"section_header": "Brand elements | Brand communication",
"text": "Five key components comprise IMC: advertising"
}
] |
There are 5 main considerations when developing a brand.
| 2 | 3 |
Brand
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyft, Inc. is an American ridesharing company based in San Francisco, California and operating in 644 cities in the United States and 12 cities in Canada."
}
] |
Ma3sK869zx2ecsmcg3V3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Self-driving car research",
"text": "In 2012, Green wanted to pitch investors on self-driving cars as part of Lyft's future offering."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyft, Inc. is an American ridesharing company based in San Francisco, California and operating in 644 cities in the United States and 12 cities in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Lyft was launched in the summer of 2012 by computer programmers Logan Green and John Zimmer as a service of Zimride, a long-distance intercity carpooling company they founded in 2007.Green had the inspiration for Zimride after sharing rides from the University of California, Santa Barbara campus to visit his girlfriend in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In December 2018, Lyft launched additional scooter fleets in Arlington County, Virginia, Atlanta, Austin, Texas, Los Angeles, Nashville, Tennessee, San Diego, Santa Monica, California and Washington, D.C.. On March 29, 2019, Lyft became the first ride-sharing company to IPO raising $2.34 billion at a valuation of $24.3 billion."
}
] |
Lyft's headquarters are in California.
| 0 | 0 |
Lyft
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other related texts",
"text": "An African-American version was recorded as \"We'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple"
},
{
"section_header": "Other related texts",
"text": "The Burning of the School is a well-known parody sung by school children and another version that begins \"John Brown's baby has a cold upon his chest\" is often sung by children at summer camps."
}
] |
Ma83UxQjWcs6YAMYDcLX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | First public performance",
"text": "Newspapers reported troops singing the song as they marched in the streets of Boston on July 18, 1861, and there was a \"rash\" of broadside printings of the song with substantially the same words as the undated \"John Brown Song!\" broadside, stated by Kimball to be the first published edition, and the broadside with music by C. S. Marsh copyrighted on July 16, 1861, also published by C.S. Hall (see images displayed on this page)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"John Brown's Body\" (originally known as \"John Brown's Song\") is a United States marching song about the abolitionist John Brown."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | \"Tiger\" Battalion writes the lyrics; Kimball's account",
"text": "They were sung over and over again with a great deal of gusto, the \"Glory hallelujah\" chorus being always added."
},
{
"section_header": "Other related texts",
"text": "And he ain't gonna jump no more!\"The tune was also used for perhaps the most well known labor-union song in the United States, Solidarity Forever."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Creation of other versions",
"text": "Once \"John Brown's Body\" became popular as a marching song, more literary versions of the \"John Brown\" lyrics were created for the \"John Brown\" tune."
},
{
"section_header": "Other related texts",
"text": "In Sri Lanka it was adapted into a bilingual (English and Sinhala) song sung at cricket matches - notably at the Royal-Thomian,"
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | Other claims of authorship | Other claimants",
"text": "Some of those who claimed to have composed the tune may have had a hand in creating and publishing some of the perfectly legitimate variants or alternate texts that used the tune—but all certainly wanted a share of the fame that came with being known as the author of this very well known tune."
},
{
"section_header": "History of the text of \"John Brown's Body\" | \"Tiger\" Battalion writes the lyrics; Kimball's account",
"text": "Mary S. B. Dana is the author of Hymn No. 898 at the top of the page.) According to Kimball, these sayings became by-words among the soldiers and, in a communal effort—similar in many ways to the spontaneous composition of camp meeting songs described above—were gradually put to the tune of \"Say, Brothers\": Finally ditties composed of the most nonsensical, doggerel rhymes, setting for the fact that John Brown was dead and that his body was undergoing the process of dissolution, began to be sung to the music of the hymn above given."
},
{
"section_header": "Other related texts",
"text": "The Burning of the School is a well-known parody sung by school children and another version that begins \"John Brown's baby has a cold upon his chest\" is often sung by children at summer camps."
},
{
"section_header": "Lyrics",
"text": "The trend towards ever more elaborate rhythmic variations of the original melody became even more pronounced in the later versions of the \"John Brown Song\" and in the \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\", which have far more words and syllables per verse than the early versions."
},
{
"section_header": "Other related texts",
"text": "An African-American version was recorded as \"We'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple"
}
] |
A song about lynching the President of the Confederate States can be sung to the same melody as that of the song John Brown's Body.
| 0 | 0 |
John Brown's Body
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Locations",
"text": "The U.S. Navy did not permit filming at NAS Pensacola in the Florida panhandle, the site of the actual Aviation Officer Candidate School in 1981."
}
] |
Mb8Y2vI4fXM0yefOmwAc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Locations",
"text": "However, that installation, which is still an operating air station today, was and is a \"fleet\" base for operational combat aircraft and squadrons under the cognizance of Naval Air Force Pacific, not a Naval Air Training Command installation."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "An Officer and a Gentleman was an enormous box office success and went on to become the third-highest-grossing film of 1982, after E.T.: The Extra Terrestrial and Tootsie."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Locations",
"text": "Deactivated U.S. Army base Fort Worden stood in for the location of the school, an actual Naval Air Station in the Puget Sound area, NAS Whidbey Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Locations",
"text": "Some early scenes of the movie were filmed in Bremerton, with ships of the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in the background."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Locations",
"text": "The U.S. Navy did not permit filming at NAS Pensacola in the Florida panhandle, the site of the actual Aviation Officer Candidate School in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "An Officer and a Gentleman was well received by critics and is widely considered one of the best films of 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Locations",
"text": "The fictional \"TJ's\" is an homage to the Trader Jon's bar in Pensacola, Florida, as a naval aviator hangout until it closed later in November 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Ebert described An Officer and a Gentleman as \"a wonderful movie precisely because it's so willing to deal with matters of the heart... it takes chances, takes the time to know and develop its characters, and by the time this movie's wonderful last scene comes along, we know exactly what's happening, and why, and it makes us very happy.\"Rex"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An Officer and a Gentleman is a 1982 American romantic drama film starring Richard Gere, Debra Winger, and Louis Gossett Jr., who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film, making him the first African American male to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The main difference is that the nudity and a majority of the foul language are edited out when the film airs on regular television."
}
] |
The movie, An Officer and a Gentleman was given permission to film at the Naval Air Station in Florida.
| 0 | 1 |
An Officer and a Gentleman
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Final performances",
"text": "All four members made their (at the time, final) public appearance as four friends more than as ABBA in January 1986, when they recorded a video of themselves performing an acoustic version of \"Tivedshambo\" (which was the first song written by their manager Stig Anderson), for a Swedish TV show honouring Anderson on his 55th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Break and reunion",
"text": "Except for a TV appearance in 1986, the foursome did not come together publicly again until they were reunited at the Swedish premiere of the Mamma Mia!"
}
] |
MbBJ9Nm0puiRHcQwNf7j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Break and reunion",
"text": "Except for a TV appearance in 1986, the foursome did not come together publicly again until they were reunited at the Swedish premiere of the Mamma Mia!"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "In 2005, all four members of ABBA appeared at the Stockholm premiere of the musical Mamma Mia!."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "It was only the second time all of them had appeared together in public since 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2016–present: Reunion and upcoming avatars project",
"text": "On 20 January 2016, all four members of ABBA made a public appearance at Mamma Mia!"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "On 4 July 2008, all four ABBA members were reunited at the Swedish premiere of the film Mamma Mia!."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "A sequel to the 2008 movie Mamma Mia!, titled Mamma Mia!"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "On 14 August 2008, the Mamma Mia!"
},
{
"section_header": "Solo careers | Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus",
"text": "Andersson and Ulvaeus have been highly involved in the worldwide productions of the musical Mamma Mia!, alongside Lyngstad who attends premieres."
},
{
"section_header": "Solo careers | Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus",
"text": "In May 1986, the musical premiered in London's West End, and ran for almost three years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1973–1976: Breakthrough | Post-Eurovision",
"text": "\"Mamma Mia\" on the nationally broadcast TV pop show Countdown (which premiered in November 1974) saw the band rapidly gain enormous popularity, and Countdown become a key promoter of the group via their distinctive music videos."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Final performances",
"text": "All four members made their (at the time, final) public appearance as four friends more than as ABBA in January 1986, when they recorded a video of themselves performing an acoustic version of \"Tivedshambo\" (which was the first song written by their manager Stig Anderson), for a Swedish TV show honouring Anderson on his 55th birthday."
}
] |
The group did not make any public appearances between Stig's 1986 birthday and the Sweedish premiere of Mamma Mia.
| 3 | 6 |
ABBA
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "In 1879, Satie entered the Paris Conservatoire, where he was soon labelled untalented by his teachers."
}
] |
MbV2QKP4bcQkRVYddX0E
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Montmartre",
"text": "After six months she moved away, leaving Satie broken-hearted."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "There is a tiny stone monument designating a grassy area in front of an apartment building – 'Parc Erik Satie'."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Erik Satie was born on 17 May 1866, the son of Alfred Satie and his wife Jane Leslie (née Anton), who was born in London to Scottish parents."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (UK: , US: , French: [eʁik sati]; 17 May 1866 – 1 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Erik was born at Honfleur in Normandy; his childhood home there is now open to the public."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Writings",
"text": "Satie's writings include: A Mammal's Notebook: Satie's writings include: A Mammal's Notebook: Collected Writings of Erik Satie (Serpent's Tail; Atlas Arkhive, No 5, 1997) ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "From 1917 Satie wrote five pieces of furniture music (\"Musique d'ameublement\") for different occasions."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Move to Arcueil",
"text": "In his later years, Satie would reject all his cabaret music as vile and against his nature, but for the time being, it was an income."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Move to Arcueil",
"text": "Also Melodrama, in its historical meaning of the then popular romantic genre of \"spoken words to a background of music\", was something Satie avoided."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life",
"text": "In a simultaneous project, Satie added music to the surrealist film Entr'acte by René Clair, which was given as an intermezzo for Relâche."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "In 1879, Satie entered the Paris Conservatoire, where he was soon labelled untalented by his teachers."
}
] |
Erik Satie was a hit straight away with the instructors at his music school.
| 2 | 5 |
Erik Satie
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was of Luxembourgish ancestry."
}
] |
Mbxp2FLuIfhjc5MuOjUs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Faber was born on a farm near Cascade, Iowa, on September 6, 1888."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was of Luxembourgish ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "He was also among the league leaders in strikeouts each year, while pitching at least 25 complete games and over 300 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In a game against St. Ambrose University that year, he set a school record for strikeouts in a nine-inning game (24)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "He won 25 in 1921 and 21 in 1922, leading the league in ERA (1921–1922), innings (1922) and complete games (1921–1922)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a teenager, Faber attended college prep academies in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin and Dubuque, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "He holds the White Sox franchise record for most games pitched, and held the team records for career wins, starts, complete games and innings until they were later broken by Ted Lyons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "After winning Game 2 in Chicago but losing Game 4 on the road, he came into Game 5 (at home) in relief and picked up the win as the Sox came back from a 5-2 deficit in the seventh inning to win 8-5."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Urban Clarence \"Red\" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While Faber was a child, his father managed a tavern and later ran the Hotel Faber in Cascade."
}
] |
Faber is not of Luxembourgish ancestry since he was born in Iowa not Europe in 1888.
| 2 | 4 |
Red Faber
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Omaha, Nebraska, the youngest of three sons of Winfield Kennedy Boggs Jr. and Sue Nell Graham, Wade had a regimented military upbringing."
}
] |
McahuroHT1H1113dHqzR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Tampa Bay Devil Rays",
"text": "Boggs signed with the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for the final two seasons of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Family",
"text": "Wade and his wife Debbie have two children, Brett and Meagann."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Wrestling",
"text": "The two remained good friends afterward; 15 years later, in 2007, Boggs inducted the late Perfect into the WWE Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Boggs went on to be awarded three straight All-Star appearances, had four straight .300-plus seasons, and even collected two Gold Glove Awards for his defense."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees",
"text": "He was heavily pursued by two teams: the Los Angeles Dodgers and the arch-rival of the Red Sox, the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball legacy",
"text": "As of June 8, 1986—over the course of the previous 162 games (equivalent to a full season, though across two seasons)—Boggs was hitting .400, with 254 hits in 635 at-bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Tampa Bay Devil Rays",
"text": "Two yellow seats among the rest of the Tropicana's blue seats mark where both historic balls landed in right field, each with a small metal plate noting it as the area that the ball landed."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Thirty-two innings were played from 18 to 19 April 1981 at McCoy Stadium in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.\" During his last year in the minor leagues with Pawtucket, he led the league with a .335 batting-average, 167 hits, and 41 doubles."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | Television",
"text": "One of the characters in the episode confuses Boggs with Boss Hogg; another character believes that Boggs is dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Life outside baseball | The Margo Adams affair and palimony lawsuit",
"text": "She argued that Boggs had verbally agreed to compensate her for lost income and services performed while accompanying Boggs on road trips."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Omaha, Nebraska, the youngest of three sons of Winfield Kennedy Boggs Jr. and Sue Nell Graham, Wade had a regimented military upbringing."
}
] |
Boggs has two brothers.
| 0 | 6 |
Wade Boggs
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "24 March 1437) and his Aragonese wife and distant cousin Isabel de Borja y Cavanilles (died 19 October 1468), daughter of Juan Domingo de Borja y Doncel."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "His parents were Jofré Llançol i Escrivà (died bef."
}
] |
Mcw5Bti1SDO39OknqjYt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "In the popular TV show Alias, the character Milo Rambaldi was said to be Alexander VI's \"chief architect\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "His parents were Jofré Llançol i Escrivà (died bef."
},
{
"section_header": "Savonarola",
"text": "Alexander is reported to have been reduced to laughter when Savonarola's denunciations were related to him."
},
{
"section_header": "French involvement",
"text": "This became the basis of the Treaty of Tordesillas which was ratified by Spain on 2 July 1494 and by Portugal on 5 September 1494. (This and other related bulls are known collectively as the Bulls of Donation.) Pope Alexander VI made many alliances to secure his position."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "He had annulled Lucrezia's marriage to Giovanni Sforza, who had responded to the suggestion that he was impotent with the unsubstantiated counter-claim that Alexander and Cesare indulged in incestuous relations with Lucrezia, in 1497."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "This is told by Abbé Faria to Edmond Dantes in the prison in relation to a treasure belonging to Cardinal Spada. Alexander Dumas also chronicles the life of the Borgia family in his Celebrated Crimes, vol 1."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "The Bad Popes documented the lives of eight of the most controversial popes, including Alexander."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1492, Rodrigo was elected Pope, taking the name Alexander VI."
},
{
"section_header": "The Jubilee (1500)",
"text": "Thus, Pope Alexander formalized the rite and began a longstanding tradition that is still in practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "24 March 1437) and his Aragonese wife and distant cousin Isabel de Borja y Cavanilles (died 19 October 1468), daughter of Juan Domingo de Borja y Doncel."
}
] |
Pope Alexander VI's parents were not related.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Alexander VI
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hooper's mother, Mary Katherine (Keller), was from Frankfurt, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Joseph \"Joe\" Hooper, was born in Morrell, Prince Edward Island in Canada."
}
] |
MeQeDfLA9rHFXgisprRc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "One of Hooper's teachers helped to convince his parents to allow Hooper to attend a high school in Oakland."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Hooper Beach in Capitola is named for Harry Hooper."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Harry Hooper Jr said that Hooper had died of old age."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hooper's mother, Mary Katherine (Keller), was from Frankfurt, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "combined. Hooper's batting average dropped to .242 in 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball",
"text": "Given Hooper's hands-off approach to his business dealings, he relied heavily on the advice of others."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In 2014, the Capitola History Museum created an exhibit highlighting Hooper's importance in the development of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Harry was the youngest child in his family of four; he had a sister named Lulu and twin brothers named George and Charlie."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball",
"text": "Hooper married the former Esther Henchy in 1912 and they had three children, named John, Harry Jr, and Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "Since 1919, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee had been getting rid of expensive veteran players in what has been called a \"fire-sale\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Joseph \"Joe\" Hooper, was born in Morrell, Prince Edward Island in Canada."
}
] |
Harry Hooper's female parent was from Italy while his daddy was from Scotland.
| 1 | 4 |
Harry Hooper
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Peer Gynt (, Norwegian: [ˈpeːr ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen published in 1867."
}
] |
MeyQuRtIlXTtSbko8Ckr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Grieg's music",
"text": "Grieg composed a score that plays approximately ninety minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peer Gynt Festival",
"text": "The music to the play is inspired by the original theatre music by Edvard Grieg – the \"Peer Gynt suite\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Grieg's music",
"text": "Ibsen asked Edvard Grieg to compose incidental music for the play."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peer Gynt Festival",
"text": "The play is staged in Peer Gynt's birthplace, where Ibsen claims he found inspiration for the character Peer Gynt, and is regarded by many as the most authentic version."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "\"On an episode of \"Inside the Actor's Studio\" , Elton John spontaneously composed a song based on a passage from Peer Gynt."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1989, John Neumeier created a ballet \"freely based on Ibsen's play\", for which Alfred Schnittke composed the score."
},
{
"section_header": "Peer Gynt Sculpture Park",
"text": "Peer Gynt Sculpture Park (Peer Gynt-parken) is a sculpture park located in Oslo, Norway."
},
{
"section_header": "Grieg's music",
"text": "For instance, Ibsen wanted music that would characterize the \"international\" friends in the fourth act, by melding the said national anthems (Norwegian, Swedish, German, French and English)."
},
{
"section_header": "Grieg's music",
"text": "Other Norwegian composers who have written theatrical music for Peer Gynt include Harald Sæverud (1947), Arne Nordheim (1969), Ketil Hvoslef (1993) and Jon Mostad (1993–4)."
},
{
"section_header": "The Peer Gynt Festival",
"text": "The main event in the festival is the outdoor theatre production of Peer Gynt at Gålå."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Peer Gynt (, Norwegian: [ˈpeːr ˈɡʏnt]) is a five-act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen published in 1867."
}
] |
The composer of the play, Peer Gynt is Swedish.
| 2 | 7 |
Peer Gynt
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The English Patient is a progressive novel that aims to bring a sense of the meaning of freedom to its readers."
}
] |
MfSYZdAN6Z8QJKPDcAnP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book follows four dissimilar people brought together at an Italian villa during the Italian Campaign of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "The novel's historical backdrop is the North African/Italian Campaigns of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Madhumalati Adhikari has critiqued the treatment of World War II and its effects on the characters of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Hana",
"text": "Being a good nurse, she quickly learns that she cannot become emotionally attached to her patients."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Hana",
"text": "Hana claims to have changed and grown up mentally throughout being a nurse during the war, as one would expect, but her \"growing up\" seems to be much more of building up a wall and being stuck in this continuous process of trying to heal an already dead body."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Almásy",
"text": "The character is loosely based on László Almásy, a well-known desert explorer in 1930s Egypt, who helped the German side in World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Hana",
"text": "is to take proper care of the English patient, due to Almasy not being able to move because of how severe his burns are externally and internally as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The four main characters are: an unrecognisably burned man — the eponymous patient, presumed to be English; his Canadian Army nurse, a Sikh British Army sapper, and a Canadian thief."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Hana",
"text": "She then puts all of her energy into caring for the English Patient."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Ondaatje, Michael (1993). The English Patient."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The English Patient is a progressive novel that aims to bring a sense of the meaning of freedom to its readers."
}
] |
The English Patient showcases the complexities of being a woman nurse during World War II.
| 2 | 7 |
The English Patient
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Operations | Closures",
"text": "See or edit raw graph data. Disneyland has had six unscheduled closures: In 1963, following the assassination of John F. Kennedy."
}
] |
MfiRW32mOCpqxdmeLT1U
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Operations | Live entertainment",
"text": "Disney does report the time the Flag Retreat is scheduled on its Times Guide, offered at the entrance turnstiles and other locations."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Live entertainment | Fireworks shows",
"text": "During the busier times, Disney offers additional nights."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Live entertainment",
"text": "Other mountain climbers could also be seen on the Matterhorn from time to time."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Live entertainment | Fireworks shows",
"text": "At the time the technology debuted, Disney announced it would donate the patents to a non-profit organization for use throughout the industry."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Disneyland, along with Disney California Adventure, was closed indefinitely starting March 14, 2020 in response to the coronavirus pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Closures",
"text": "See or edit raw graph data. Disneyland has had six unscheduled closures: In 1963, following the assassination of John F. Kennedy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Emmer was a long-time Disney cast member who had worked at Disneyland in his youth prior to moving to Florida and held multiple executive leadership positions at the Walt Disney World Resort."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Opening day",
"text": "At the time, and during the lifetimes of Walt and Roy Disney, July 17 was considered merely a preview, with July 18 the official opening day."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1990s",
"text": "Because the existing parking lot (south of Disneyland) was repurposed by these projects, the six-level, 10,250-space Mickey and Friends parking structure was constructed in the northwest corner."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "Disney visited the park and ultimately bought one of the older miniature trains originally used there; the colony had the largest miniature railway setup in the world at the time."
}
] |
Disney had to close six times unexpectedly.
| 3 | 3 |
Disneyland
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman and third baseman from 1964 through 1986, most notably as a member of the Cincinnati Reds dynasty that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1970 and 1976."
}
] |
MfoWdMZ5KJOOYiTlAE3v
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He played Major League Baseball for 13 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "In the seventh inning he got his first RBI, a single off Lemaster to score Frank Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Tony has stated that, during his playing career, his family in Cuba would listen to the Voice of America, which would give daily updates on Cuban players playing in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a first baseman and third baseman from 1964 through 1986, most notably as a member of the Cincinnati Reds dynasty that won four National League pennants and two World Series championships between 1970 and 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Tony later played shortstop for the Mill's baseball team, Central Violeta."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "The game, played on July 11, 1967, at Anaheim Stadium, went into 15 innings, the longest All-Star Game in history (since equaled by the 2008 game)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Big Red Machine",
"text": "During the decade of the 1970s, Pérez was second among all major-leaguers in RBI, with 954, behind only his teammate Johnny Bench."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Victor played one year (1990) in the Reds' minor league system."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early days",
"text": "Pérez also played winter ball for 10 seasons between 1964–65 and 1982-83 in the Puerto Rico Baseball League for the Santurce Crabbers (Cangrejeros de Santurce)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was signed to a pro contract in 1960 at age 17 by Cincinnati Reds scout Tony Pacheco while playing on the Camagüey sugar factory team."
}
] |
Tony Pérez played for a single club in the Major League Soccer.
| 1 | 3 |
Tony Pérez
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She later returned to Europe to continue with her research."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She emigrated to the United States in 1915 where she was a leading exponent of the idea that all types of blood cell develop from a single type of cell."
}
] |
MgCc9E94mF6U1V8pOpII
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Determined otherwise, she left home to take a degree in natural sciences before moving to Lausanne University for a medical degree, producing her thesis in 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She later returned to Europe to continue with her research."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "For these reasons Danchakoff has sometimes been called the \"mother of stem cells\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Danchakoff was born in St Petersburg where her parents wanted her to study music or drawing."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "By 1919 Danchakoff was a full professor of anatomy in Columbia's College of Physicians and Surgeons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the time there was a strong Russian émigré community in New York and, with her husband, Danchakoff hosted lavish gatherings of friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "Danchakoff published many books as well as scientific papers, possibly her last publications being Le sexe; rôle"
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "In 1908 Danchakoff became an assistant professor in histology and embryology at Moscow University – the first woman to become a professor in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During the Russian famine of 1921–22 Danchakoff appealed for food parcels to be sent to Russia by publicizing the correspondence she had been receiving from scientific colleagues in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vera Mikhaĭlovna Danchakoff (née Grigorevskaya, March 21, 1879 – September 22, 1950) was a Russian anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She emigrated to the United States in 1915 where she was a leading exponent of the idea that all types of blood cell develop from a single type of cell."
}
] |
Danchakoff lived in America before moving back to Europe.
| 0 | 0 |
Vera Danchakoff
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jones was a co-owner of Outdoor Channel's hunting show Buck Commander with friends and pro athletes Adam LaRoche, Ryan Langerhans, Tom Martin, and Willie Robertson."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Currently, he is co-owner and co-host of the television show Major League Bowhunter airing on the Sportsman Channel, alongside long time friend Matt Duff."
}
] |
Mh7QMR7m6C7q39AsK2LP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball",
"text": "Later that same year Chipper Jones's number 10 jersey was also retired by the Durham Bulls on August 20.During a 2014 winter storm, Jones rescued former teammate and current Atlanta Brave, Freddie Freeman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother is Lynne Jones. Jones received the nickname \"Chipper\" from his father and other family members, who saw the younger Larry as a \"chip off the old block.\" He showed an early love for baseball predominantly because of his father's position as coach, and began to play Little League teams at age 7."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chipper Jones was born in DeLand, Florida, on April 24, 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 1993–1998",
"text": "Chipper Jones debuted on September 11, 1993, as the youngest player in the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2006–2007",
"text": "ESPN named Chipper Jones the Burger King 'King of the Night' for this performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On June 28, 2013, the Braves retired Jones' number 10 and inducted him into the team's Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Draft",
"text": "Atlanta then selected Jones, who played shortstop at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball",
"text": "His number 10 is the eleventh number retired by the Braves franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball",
"text": "In February 2013, the Atlanta Braves announced that they would induct Jones into the Braves Hall of Fame and retire his number, 10."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major league career (1993–2012) | 2012: Final season",
"text": "Following the announcement, a fan tribute song called \"The Chipper Jones Song\" was featured in a number of sports blogs."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jones was a co-owner of Outdoor Channel's hunting show Buck Commander with friends and pro athletes Adam LaRoche, Ryan Langerhans, Tom Martin, and Willie Robertson."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Currently, he is co-owner and co-host of the television show Major League Bowhunter airing on the Sportsman Channel, alongside long time friend Matt Duff."
}
] |
Chipper Jones retired so that he could play celebrity poker.
| 0 | 0 |
Chipper Jones
|
Science
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Daubechies was born in Houthalen, Belgium, as the daughter of Marcel Daubechies (a civil mining engineer) and Simonne Duran (then a homemaker, later a criminologist)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at 17.Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975."
}
] |
MhPTlmXZuKaCrLFMcgpy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She excelled at the primary school, moved up a class after only 3 months."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 2012, King Albert II of Belgium granted Daubechies the title of Baroness."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Daubechies was born in Houthalen, Belgium, as the daughter of Marcel Daubechies (a civil mining engineer) and Simonne Duran (then a homemaker, later a criminologist)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After completing the Lyceum in Hasselt she entered the Vrije Universiteit Brussel at 17.Daubechies completed her undergraduate studies in physics at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Daubechies is on the board of directors of Enhancing Diversity in Graduate Education (EDGE), a program that helps women entering graduate studies in the mathematical sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "She became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1999.In 2000, Daubechies became the first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics, presented every 4 years for excellence in published mathematical research."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "At Courant she made her best-known discovery: based on quadrature mirror filter-technology she constructed compactly supported continuous wavelets that would require only a finite amount of processing, in this way enabling wavelet theory to enter the realm of digital signal processing."
}
] |
Ingrid was from Belgium and was an excellent student and entered college at 17.
| 4 | 9 |
Ingrid Daubechies
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Later operation",
"text": "The airport's new Terminal 1 opened on May 28, 1998; Terminal 4, the $1.4 billion replacement for the International Arrivals Building, opened on May 24, 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "Terminal 1 has 11 gates. Terminal 2 opened in 1962 as the home of Northeast Airlines, Braniff, and Northwest Airlines, and is now exclusively used and operated by Delta Air Lines for its hub at the airport along with Terminal 4."
}
] |
Mhcakrbogaj9C2wGtJQ5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals | Terminal 1",
"text": "Terminal 1 opened in 1998, 50 years after the opening of JFK, at the direction of the Terminal One Group, a consortium of four key operating carriers: Air France, Japan Airlines, Korean Air, and Lufthansa."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later operation",
"text": "The airport's new Terminal 1 opened on May 28, 1998; Terminal 4, the $1.4 billion replacement for the International Arrivals Building, opened on May 24, 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Separate terminals",
"text": "Northwest Airlines, Braniff International, and Northeast Airlines opened a joint terminal in November 1962 (now Terminal 2).National Airlines opened the Sundrome (later Terminal 6) in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Separate terminals",
"text": "Trans World Airlines opened the TWA Flight Center in 1962, designed by Eero Saarinen with a distinctive winged-bird shape."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Former terminals | Terminal 6 (Sundrome)",
"text": "In 1998, JetBlue began service from Terminal 6, later opening a temporary complex in 2006 that increased its capacity by adding seven gates."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals | Terminal 2",
"text": "Terminal 1 has 11 gates. Terminal 2 opened in 1962 as the home of Northeast Airlines, Braniff, and Northwest Airlines, and is now exclusively used and operated by Delta Air Lines for its hub at the airport along with Terminal 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals | Terminal 8",
"text": "It was opened in stages between 2005 and its official opening in August 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals | Terminal 5",
"text": "Airspace Lounge opened an airport lounge near Gate 24 in July 2013, and Aer Lingus opened an airport lounge in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later operation",
"text": "Although the system was originally scheduled to open in 2002, it opened on December 17, 2003 after delays caused by construction and a fatal crash."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Terminals | Terminal 4",
"text": "The first phase of Delta's $1.4 billion project at the airport which includes nine new international gates, additional baggage space, a centralized security checkpoint (moving two checkpoints into one location just after check-in), and customs and border-security facilities—was completed on May 24, 2013.Terminal 4 has 38 gates in two concourses: A2–A7, B18, and B22–B55 with the exclusion of B40, B50 and B52."
}
] |
In 1998 terminal one opened while terminal two opened in 1962.
| 0 | 0 |
John F. Kennedy International Airport
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ideologically a Marxist-Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011."
}
] |
MhxbCmiIoQ3u3xyXN43A
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final years | Retirement and final years: 2008–2016",
"text": "That April, he gave his most extensive public appearance in many years when addressing the Communist Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Retirement and final years: 2008–2016",
"text": "\"On 19 April 2011, Castro resigned from the Communist Party central committee, thus stepping down as First Secretary."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Retirement and final years: 2008–2016",
"text": "He continued meeting foreign leaders and dignitaries, and that month photographs were released of Castro's meeting with Argentine President Cristina Fernández."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Retirement and final years: 2008–2016",
"text": "In late October 2016, Castro met with the Portuguese president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, who became one of the last foreign leaders to meet him."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Retirement and final years: 2008–2016",
"text": "Highlighting that he was soon to turn 90 years old, he noted that he would die in the near future but urged those assembled to retain their communist ideals."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Retirement and final years: 2008–2016",
"text": "On 7 August 2010, Castro gave his first speech to the National Assembly in four years, urging the U.S. not to take military actions against those nations and warning of a nuclear holocaust."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Retirement and final years: 2008–2016",
"text": "Later that year it was revealed that along with Hugo Chávez, Castro had played a significant behind-the-scenes role in orchestrating peace talks between the Colombian government and the far left FARC guerrilla movement to end the conflict which had raged since 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau described Castro as a \"remarkable leader\" and a \"larger than life leader who served his people.\" The European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker said that Castro \"was a hero for many.\" Russian President Vladimir Putin described Castro as both \"a sincere and reliable friend of Russia\" and a \"symbol of an era\", while Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping similarly referred to him as \"a close comrade and a sincere friend\" to China."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Public image",
"text": "Unlike a number of other Soviet-era communist leaders, Castro's government did not intentionally construct a cult of personality around him, although his popularity among segments of the Cuban populace nevertheless led to one developing in the early years of his administration."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adopting a Marxist–Leninist model of development, Castro converted Cuba into a one-party, socialist state under Communist Party rule, the first in the Western Hemisphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ideologically a Marxist-Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011."
}
] |
Fidel Castro was leader of his party for 60 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Fidel Castro
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Appearances",
"text": "Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker appears in seven of the live-action Star Wars films, the animated series The Clone Wars (including the film), Rebels, and the micro-series Clone Wars and Forces of Destiny."
}
] |
MiEO8PZxSXV6zk4iul1G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Concept and writing",
"text": "In this draft, dated April 1, 1978, he made use of a new plot twist: Vader claiming to be Luke's father."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "The 1982 compilation movie Cosmic Princess, compiled from parts of Space: 1999 episodes, contains several Star Wars references including a character named \"Vader\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Skywalker saga | Original trilogy",
"text": "Darth Vader first appears in Star Wars as a ruthless cyborg serving the Galactic Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Darth Vader is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Video games",
"text": "Darth Vader has also appeared in non-Star Wars video games as a guest character, for example Soulcalibur IV (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Video games",
"text": "Darth Vader and Anakin Skywalker have appeared in a number of Star Wars since the earliest days of the franchise, though rarely as a playable character."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Other",
"text": "Darth Vader features in the 1981 radio drama adaptation of Star Wars, voiced by the actor Brock Peters."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Legends | Comics",
"text": "Anakin and Vader appear in the non-canonical Star Wars Tales (1999–2005); in the story Resurrection, Darth Maul is resurrected and faces Vader in battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Darth Vader's iconic status has made the character a symbol for evil in popular culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Television series | Rebels (2014–2018)",
"text": "Darth Vader appears in multiple episodes of the first season of Star Wars Rebels, which takes place 14 years after The Clone Wars concludes, and serves as the main antagonist of its second season."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances",
"text": "Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker appears in seven of the live-action Star Wars films, the animated series The Clone Wars (including the film), Rebels, and the micro-series Clone Wars and Forces of Destiny."
}
] |
Darth Vader has made an appearance in every Star Wars movie to date.
| 0 | 0 |
Darth Vader
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ireland",
"text": "In 1602, he sold the lands to Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, who subsequently prospered under kings James I and Charles I. Following Raleigh's death, members of his family approached Boyle for compensation on the ground that Raleigh had struck an improvident bargain."
}
] |
MiS6IEzy27IZ28Dp9BwO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "1580s",
"text": "This took the form of a reduction in the sum that Sir Walter owed the queen; he received Exchequer tallies but no money."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "The elder son, Walter Raleigh, was knighted in June 1660, but died two months later."
},
{
"section_header": "Poetry",
"text": "One of the judges at his trial later said: \"The justice of England has never been so degraded and injured as by the condemnation of the honourable Sir Walter Raleigh.\" Raleigh's poetry is written in the relatively straightforward, unornamented mode known as the plain style."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne."
},
{
"section_header": "Ireland",
"text": "This made him one of the principal landowners in Munster, but he had limited success inducing English tenants to settle on his estates."
},
{
"section_header": "Ireland",
"text": "Raleigh made the town of Youghal his occasional home during his 17 years as an Irish landlord, frequently being domiciled at Killua Castle, Clonmellon, County Westmeath."
},
{
"section_header": "1590–1594",
"text": "He made friends with the local gentry, such as Sir Ralph Horsey of Clifton Maybank and Charles Thynne of Longleat."
},
{
"section_header": "First voyage to Guiana",
"text": "Once back in England, he published The Discovery of Guiana (1596), an account of his voyage which made exaggerated claims as to what had been discovered."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "Many people claim descent from Sir Walter Raleigh, but nearly all have no basis in fact."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "The second son, Lieut. Brudenell Raleigh, was also serving in the navy in the West Indies when he died of fever in June 1698, aged 22."
},
{
"section_header": "Ireland",
"text": "In 1602, he sold the lands to Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, who subsequently prospered under kings James I and Charles I. Following Raleigh's death, members of his family approached Boyle for compensation on the ground that Raleigh had struck an improvident bargain."
}
] |
After Walter Raleigh died, his relatives wanted money because of a bad deal had he had made.
| 0 | 0 |
Walter Raleigh
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Superconductivity is the set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic flux fields are expelled from the material."
}
] |
Mj1nTbgtSVLmbOSMbDdS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Zero electrical DC resistance",
"text": "In a normal conductor, an electric current may be visualized as a fluid of electrons moving across a heavy ionic lattice."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Meissner effect",
"text": "The Meissner effect is sometimes confused with the kind of diamagnetism one would expect in a perfect electrical conductor: according to Lenz's law, when a changing magnetic field is applied to a conductor, it will induce an electric current in the conductor that creates an opposing magnetic field."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Zero electrical DC resistance",
"text": "In a conventional superconductor, the electronic fluid cannot be resolved into individual electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Zero electrical DC resistance",
"text": "Due to quantum mechanics, the energy spectrum of this Cooper pair fluid possesses an energy gap, meaning there is a minimum amount of energy ΔE that must be supplied in order to excite the fluid."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Zero electrical DC resistance",
"text": "The Cooper pair fluid is thus a superfluid, meaning it can flow without energy dissipation."
},
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity | London constitutive equations",
"text": "It was put forward by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London in 1935, shortly after the discovery that magnetic fields are expelled from superconductors."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Meissner effect",
"text": "In a perfect conductor, an arbitrarily large current can be induced, and the resulting magnetic field exactly cancels the applied field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Superconductivity is the set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic flux fields are expelled from the material."
},
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity | London constitutive equations",
"text": "A major triumph of the equations of this theory is their ability to explain the Meissner effect, wherein a material exponentially expels all internal magnetic fields as it crosses the superconducting threshold."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Zero electrical DC resistance",
"text": "Therefore, if ΔE is larger than the thermal energy of the lattice, given by kT, where k is Boltzmann's constant and T is the temperature, the fluid will not be scattered by the lattice."
}
] |
Superconductivity is a conductor that expels fluid from minerals.
| 1 | 5 |
Superconductivity
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film portrays multiple stories taking place in Morocco, Japan, Mexico and the United States."
}
] |
MkbjOcYGJtv8yhqAOPHU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Globalization",
"text": "Also, Babel portrays through its narration the simultaneous developments of incidents across borders, countries and space, in general."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Babel as a Network Narrative",
"text": "Babel can be analyzed as a network narrative in which its characters, scattered across the globe, represent different nodes of a network that is connected by various strands."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Globalization",
"text": "Again, the title of the movie Babel reinforces the notion of globalization, as the characters communicate in different languages, not necessarily with each other, but across borders, which is only possible due to globalization."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Babel as a Network Narrative",
"text": "It shows how a single object can serve as a connection between many different characters (or nodes in a network) who don't necessarily need to know each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Globalization",
"text": "The film also comments on the negative effects tourism can have in poverty-stricken countries and how difficult tourism and foreign politics can become when catastrophes occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Babel's $25 million budget came from an array of different sources and investors anchored with Paramount Vantage."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Globalization",
"text": "The movie shows how the actions of one person on one continent can affect the lives of other people on different continents and vice versa."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Babel as a Network Narrative",
"text": "It is noticeable that Babel has multiple protagonists who, as a consequence, make the plot more complex in relation to time and causality."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Babel received generally positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Babel has four main strains of actions and characters which are location based."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film portrays multiple stories taking place in Morocco, Japan, Mexico and the United States."
}
] |
Babel is set in 4 different countries.
| 0 | 0 |
Babel (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Shearer was of Scottish, English, and Irish descent."
}
] |
MkwNNwv8C4lj6HOzI5T8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On June 30, 2008, Canada Post issued a postage stamp in its \"Canadians in Hollywood\" series to honour Norma Shearer, along with others for Raymond Burr, Marie Dressler, and Chief Dan George."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Irving Thalberg",
"text": "A few weeks later, Shearer went to Montreal to visit her father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her childhood was spent in Montreal, where she was educated at Montreal High School for Girls and Westmount High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The First Lady of MGM",
"text": "so Shearer could enter, so Norma made her grand entrance through wider doors leading from another room."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edith Norma Shearer (August 10, 1902 – June 12, 1983) was a Canadian-American actress who was active on film from 1919 through 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Forced to move into a small, dreary house in a \"modest\" Montreal suburb, the sudden plunge into poverty only strengthened Shearer's determined attitude: \" At an early age, I formed a philosophy about failure."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Irving Thalberg",
"text": "I asked how Thalberg felt. ' I hope to marry him', Norma said, and then, with the flash of the assurance I remembered so well, 'I believe I will.'\" Over the next two years, both Shearer and Irving saw other people."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Irving Thalberg",
"text": "While there, she had a reunion with an old school friend, who remembered: \"At the end of lunch, over coffee, Norma leant in across the table."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Irving Thalberg",
"text": "It was so funny because Irving walked right in and saw Genius, and sat right down, but Norma kept walking around."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Young Norma was interested in music, as well, but after seeing a vaudeville show for her ninth birthday, she announced her intention to become an actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Shearer was of Scottish, English, and Irish descent."
}
] |
Norma Shearer was from Montreal, Canada and of French ancestry.
| 0 | 0 |
Norma Shearer
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Early reign",
"text": "Nero became emperor in 54 AD, aged sixteen years."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Early reign",
"text": "This made him the youngest sole emperor until Elagabalus, who became emperor aged 14 in 218."
}
] |
Ml5e9uoHc9tm4yhIN7vN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As time passed, he began to play a more active and independent role in government and foreign policy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Early reign",
"text": "As Pharaoh of Egypt, Nero adopted the royal titulary Autokrator Neron Heqaheqau Meryasetptah Tjemaahuikhasut Wernakhtubaqet Heqaheqau Setepennenu Merur ('Emperor Nero, Ruler of rulers, chosen by Ptah, beloved of Isis, the sturdy-armed one who struck the foreign lands, victorious for Egypt, ruler of rulers, chosen of Nun who loves him').Nero's tutor, Seneca, prepared Nero's first speech before the Senate."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Early reign",
"text": "This made him the youngest sole emperor until Elagabalus, who became emperor aged 14 in 218."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "Vitellius overthrew Otho. Vitellius began his reign with a large funeral for Nero complete with songs written by Nero."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "Galba began his short reign with the execution of many of Nero's allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Great Fire of Rome",
"text": "Nero devalued the Roman currency for the first time in the Empire's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Early reign",
"text": "Malitz writes that in later years, Nero panicked when he had to make decisions on his own during times of crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Early reign",
"text": "Nero, who was having an affair with Acte, exiled Agrippina from the palace when she began to cultivate a relationship with his wife Octavia."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Matricide",
"text": "In Histories Tacitus writes that the affair began while Poppaea was still married to Rufrius Crispinus, but in his later work Annals Tacitus says Poppaea was married to Otho when the affair began."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "The Life and Times of Nero By Carlo Maria Franzero (BTM format)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | Early reign",
"text": "Nero became emperor in 54 AD, aged sixteen years."
}
] |
Nero was the youngest ruler at the time he began his reign.
| 2 | 2 |
Nero
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, with more than 37.393 million residents as of 2020.Originally a fishing village named Edo, the city became a prominent political center in 1603, when it became the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate."
}
] |
MlFbSI3Yc3Ee28C9ISYP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Toyosu Market in Tokyo is the biggest wholesale fish and seafood market in the world since it opened in October 11, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-1869 (Edo period)",
"text": "But Edo was Tokugawa's home and was not capital of Japan. (That was caused by the Meiji Restoration in 1868.) The Emperor himself lived in Kyoto from 794 to 1868 as capital of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1943–present",
"text": "Various plans have been proposed for transferring national government functions from Tokyo to secondary capitals in other regions of Japan, to slow down rapid development in Tokyo and revitalize economically lagging areas of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "Expressways link the capital to other points in the Greater Tokyo area, the Kantō region, and the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokyo Tokyo (; Japanese: 東京, Tōkyō [toːkʲoː] (listen)), officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to), is the capital and most populous prefecture of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Some of the biggest national universities in Tokyo are: There is only one non-national public university: Tokyo Metropolitan University."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Tokyo Stock Exchange is Japan's largest stock exchange, and third largest in the world by market capitalization and fourth largest by share turnover."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape",
"text": "Tokyo also features two distinctive towers: Tokyo Tower, and the new Tokyo Skytree, which is the tallest tower in both Japan and the world, and the second tallest structure in the world after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "Two different organizations operate the subway network: the private Tokyo Metro and the governmental Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Seismicity | Common seismicity",
"text": "It is not uncommon in the metro area to have hundreds of these minor quakes (magnitudes 4–6) that can be felt in a single year, something local residents merely brush off but can be a source of anxiety not only for foreign visitors but for Japanese from elsewhere as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world, with more than 37.393 million residents as of 2020.Originally a fishing village named Edo, the city became a prominent political center in 1603, when it became the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate."
}
] |
The capital of Japan, Tokyo, is the biggest metro area in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Tokyo
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother, Laurie McLaurin, was a former model from Jackson, Mississippi,"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "whose great-grandfather was Mississippi senator and governor Anselm J. McLaurin."
}
] |
MlQlB70KLQns3Cok9Fl8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "The Obama family offers our condolences to Robin's family, his friends, and everyone who found their voice and their verse thanks to Robin Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "Williams's death instantly became global news."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Williams had two elder half-brothers: paternal half-brother Robert (also known as Todd) and maternal half-brother McLaurin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When he was 16, his father took early retirement and the family moved to Tiburon, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Williams paid many of Reeve's medical bills and gave financial support to his family."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other interests",
"text": "In New York City, Williams was part of the West Side YMCA runners running team and showed promising results with 34:21 minutes at a 10K run in Central Park in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The family lived in a 40-room farmhouse on 20 acres in suburban Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where he was a student at the private Detroit Country Day School."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Television | Mork & Mindy",
"text": "The cover photo, taken by Michael Dressler in 1979, is said to have \"[captured] his different sides: the funnyman mugging for the camera, and a sweet, more thoughtful pose that appears on a small TV he holds in his hands\" according to Mary Forgione of the Los Angeles Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other interests",
"text": "His daughter Zelda was named after the title character from The Legend of Zelda, a family favorite video game series, and he sometimes performed at consumer entertainment trade shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film | Dramatic roles",
"text": "Also in 2002, in the psychological thriller One Hour Photo, Williams portrays an emotionally disturbed photo development technician who becomes obsessed with a family for whom he has developed pictures for a long time."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother, Laurie McLaurin, was a former model from Jackson, Mississippi,"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "whose great-grandfather was Mississippi senator and governor Anselm J. McLaurin."
}
] |
Robin Williams' maternal side of the family has roots in Georgia.
| 0 | 0 |
Robin Williams
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Garrison also emerged as a leading advocate of women's rights, which prompted a split in the abolitionist community."
}
] |
MlV7xrgBwloqAngVGEGs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | The woman question and division",
"text": "In 1837, women abolitionists from seven states convened in New York to expand their petitioning efforts and repudiate the social mores that proscribed their participation in public affairs."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Liberator: William Lloyd Garrison, A Biography."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hummel, Jeff (2008). \"Garrison, William Lloyd (1805–1879)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Newspapers",
"text": "William Lloyd Garrison works (Cornell University Library Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection) William Lloyd Garrison works (Cornell University Digital Library Collections)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Fanny asked if he would enjoy singing some hymns."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Newspapers",
"text": "The Liberator: William Lloyd Garrison, A Biography (Boston; Little, Brown, 1963)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "William Lloyd Garrison and Giuseppe Mazzini: Abolition, Democracy, and Radical Reform."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Pamphlets",
"text": "Garrison, Wm. Garrison, Wm. Lloyd (1830). A brief sketch of the trial of William Lloyd Garrison : for an alleged libel on Francis Todd, of Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lloyd Garrison, was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Garrison also emerged as a leading advocate of women's rights, which prompted a split in the abolitionist community."
}
] |
William Lloyd Garrison caused a rift in abolitionists because some of the people decrying racism were still incredibly sexist, and didn't enjoy his allowing women to participate.
| 0 | 0 |
William Lloyd Garrison
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The popular scorewriter program, Sibelius, is named after him."
}
] |
MlVkcon5Edquqn4QMphV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Studies and early career",
"text": "His close circle of friends included the pianist and writer Adolf Paul and the conductor-to-be"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The popular scorewriter program, Sibelius, is named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Thereafter he became known as Jean Sibelius."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and rise to fame",
"text": "The scores of four popular pieces from the play were published in Germany and sold well in Finland."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Marriage and rise to fame",
"text": "But the program also premiered the even more compelling, blatantly patriotic Song of the Athenians for boys' and men's choirs."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "However, during his student years, he adopted the French form Jean, inspired by the business card of his deceased seafaring uncle."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | More pleasant times",
"text": "In March 1913, it was performed in New York but a large section of the audience left the hall between the movements while in October, after a concert conducted by Carl Muck, the Boston American labelled it \" a sad failure\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Manuscripts",
"text": "In early 2020, the current owner of the Robert Lienau collection offered for sale 1,200 pages of manuscripts, including the scores of Voces intimae, Joutsikki, and Pelléas and Mélisande, and the material is no longer available to scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Studies and early career",
"text": "He also heard the Finnish composer Robert Kajanus conducting the Berlin Philharmonic in a program that included his symphonic poem Aino, a patriotic piece that may have triggered Sibelius's later interest in using the epic poem Kalevala as a basis for his own compositions."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Eugene Ormandy and to a lesser extent, his predecessor with the Philadelphia Orchestra Leopold Stokowski, were instrumental in bringing Sibelius's music to American audiences by frequently programming his works; the former developed a friendly relationship with Sibelius throughout his life."
}
] |
A score writer program is labeled after Jean.
| 0 | 2 |
Jean Sibelius
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "October 10, 2006, was declared \"Tom Cruise Day\" in Japan; the Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star."
}
] |
MlomYRXGCBtmg2RZbllc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "October 10, 2006, was declared \"Tom Cruise Day\" in Japan; the Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "While reviewing Days of Thunder, film critic Roger Ebert noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the Tom Cruise Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing | Break with Paramount",
"text": "On August 22, 2006, Paramount Pictures announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Cruise."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation",
"text": "When owned by Burgar, the domain redirected to information about Cruise on Celebrity1000.com."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "Widescreenings noted that for Tom Cruise's character Daniel Kaffee in A Few Good Men, [screenwriter] Aaron Sorkin interestingly takes the opposite approach of Top Gun, where Cruise also starred as the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "On October 6, 2005, Cruise and Holmes announced they were expecting a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Scientology's purported influence on Cruise",
"text": "In March 2004, his publicist of 14 years, Pat Kingsley, resigned."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In total, he attended 15 schools in 14 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2006, Premiere ranked Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor, as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazine's 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Criticism of psychiatry",
"text": "\" In late August 2006, Cruise apologized in person to Shields for his comments."
}
] |
Tom Cruise had his own day in Japan which was October 14, 2006.
| 4 | 5 |
Tom Cruise
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes; shortly after, he transferred to Chicago State University to study English."
}
] |
MlzOnLOPTaj02ocKsCKt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "He elaborates, \"the songs offer melody and message."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes; shortly after, he transferred to Chicago State University to study English."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "West, alongside his mother, founded the \"Kanye West Foundation\" in Chicago in 2003, tasked with a mission to battle dropout and illiteracy rates, while partnering with community organizations to provide underprivileged youth access to music education."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "He said, \"All good. Kanye West, I got super respect for Kanye."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–2017: The Life of Pablo and tour cancellation",
"text": "Following the preview, West announced that he would be modifying the track list once more before its release to the public, and further delayed its release to finalize the recording of the track \"Waves\" at the behest of co-writer Chance the Rapper."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–2017: The Life of Pablo and tour cancellation",
"text": "Following this episode West took an 11-month break from Twitter, and the public in general."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2012: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy and collaborations",
"text": "During this time, West initiated the free music program GOOD Fridays through his website, offering a free download of previously unreleased songs each Friday, a portion of which were included on the album."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | 1990s–2000s",
"text": "His songs found him rapping about higher education, materialism, self-consciousness, minimum-wage labor, institutional prejudice, class struggle, family, sexuality, and his own self-doubts and personal struggles in the music industry in a manner particular to his middle-class upbringing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–2015: Yeezus and Adidas collaboration",
"text": "On May 11, West was awarded an honorary doctorate by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago for his contributions to music, fashion, and popular culture, officially making him an honorary DFA."
}
] |
Before his musical career took off, Kanye was offered a scholarship to further his education in art.
| 3 | 5 |
Kanye West
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was married to actress Scarlett Johansson from 2008 to 2011 and since 2012, has been married to actress Blake Lively, with whom he has three daughters."
}
] |
Mm3fc49B9nOQm7Wj9mcS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan Rodney Reynolds (born October 23, 1976) is a Canadian actor, film producer and entrepreneur."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was married to actress Scarlett Johansson from 2008 to 2011 and since 2012, has been married to actress Blake Lively, with whom he has three daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–present",
"text": "Reynolds voiced, and was the facial motion capture actor for the CGI detective Pikachu."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Reynolds began dating Canadian singer Alanis Morissette in 2002, and they announced their engagement in June 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ryan Rodney Reynolds was born on October 23, 1976, in Vancouver, British Columbia, the youngest of four sons of food wholesaler James Chester Reynolds and retail saleswoman Tamara Lee (née Stewart)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They have three daughters together: James (December 2014), Inez (September 2016), and Betty (2019)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple married on September 9, 2012, at Boone Hall Plantation in Mount Pleasant, South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "In October 2008, Reynolds wrote for The Huffington Post regarding his plan to run the New York City Marathon for his father who, at the time, suffered from Parkinson's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple announced their engagement in May 2008, and married on September 27, 2008, in a private ceremony near Tofino, British Columbia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1991–2003",
"text": "Reynolds' career began in 1991, when he starred as Billy Simpson in the Canadian-produced teen soap opera Hillside, distributed in the United States by Nickelodeon as Fifteen."
}
] |
Ryan Reynolds is a Canadian actor who has been married three times.
| 1 | 1 |
Ryan Reynolds
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal Life",
"text": "She died 4 April 2007 at Willingham in Cambridgeshire."
}
] |
Mm6ShDB2XDItxiFx1aSj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal Life",
"text": "She died 4 April 2007 at Willingham in Cambridgeshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karen Spärck Jones FBA (26 August 1935 – 4 April 2007) was a pioneering British computer scientist responsible for the concept of inverse document frequency, a technology that underlies most modern search engines."
}
] |
Karen Sparck Jones died April 4th, 2007.
| 1 | 2 |
Karen Sparck Jones
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Growing pressure against the SA",
"text": "Because their plans for the army conflicted, Röhm's success could come only at Hitler's expense."
}
] |
Mm6iUjagCIZVNFMuiY9Q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hitler and the Sturmabteilung (SA)",
"text": "Captain Ernst Röhm of the Reichswehr served as the liaison with the Bavarian Freikorps."
},
{
"section_header": "Purge | Röhm's fate",
"text": "Röhm was held briefly at Stadelheim Prison in Munich, while Hitler considered his future."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chancellor Adolf Hitler, urged on by Hermann Göring and Heinrich Himmler, ordered a series of political extrajudicial executions intended to consolidate his power and alleviate the concerns of the German military about the role of Ernst Röhm and the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Nazis' paramilitary organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Purge",
"text": "As the stormtroopers were hustled off to prison, Hitler assembled a large group of SS and regular police, and departed for the Hanselbauer Hotel in Bad Wiessee, where Ernst Röhm and his followers were staying."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reaction",
"text": "In his speech to the Reichstag on July 13 justifying his actions, Hitler denounced Schleicher for conspiring with Ernst Röhm to overthrow the government; Hitler alleged both were traitors working in the pay of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Conflict between the army and the SA",
"text": "Röhm, however, wanted to eliminate the generalship of the Prussian aristocracy altogether, using the SA to become the core of a new German military."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler and the Sturmabteilung (SA)",
"text": "To a lesser extent, the Sturmabteilung (SA), a Nazi paramilitary organization, remained somewhat autonomous within the party."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reaction",
"text": "It is noteworthy that even those officers who were most offended by the killings, like Hammerstein and Mackensen, did not blame the purge on Hitler, whom they wanted to see continue as Chancellor, and at most wanted a reorganization of the Cabinet to remove some of Hitler's more radical followers."
},
{
"section_header": "Hitler and the Sturmabteilung (SA)",
"text": "Röhm left the Reichswehr in 1923 and later became commander of the SA."
},
{
"section_header": "Growing pressure against the SA",
"text": "Hitler remained indecisive and uncertain about just what precisely he wanted to do when he left for Venice to meet Benito Mussolini on June 15."
},
{
"section_header": "Growing pressure against the SA",
"text": "Because their plans for the army conflicted, Röhm's success could come only at Hitler's expense."
}
] |
Ernst Röhm wanted a different future than Hitler for the Sturmabteilung.
| 0 | 0 |
Night of the Long Knives
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career and discoveries | Insulin structure",
"text": "Hodgkin's dream of unlocking the structure of insulin was put on hold until 1969 when she was finally able to work with her team of young, international scientists to uncover the structure for the first time."
}
] |
MmW14RFRVgM6CpSDWJt6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The National Archives of the United Kingdom refer to her as \"Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin (12 May 1910 – 29 July 1994) was a British chemist who advanced the technique of X-ray crystallography to determine the structure of biomolecules, which became an essential tool in structural biology."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Pseudonyms",
"text": ", she is \"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dorothy Mary Crowfoot was born in Cairo, Egypt, the eldest of the three daughters of John Winter Crowfoot (1873–1959), then working for the country's Ministry of Education, and his wife Grace Mary (née Hood) (1877–1957), known to friends and family as Molly."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Pseudonyms",
"text": "The National Archives of the United Kingdom refer to her as \"Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin\"; on a variety of plaques commemorating places where she worked or lived, e.g. 94 Woodstock Road, Oxford"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hodgkin used the name \"Dorothy Crowfoot\" until twelve years after marrying Thomas Lionel Hodgkin, when she began using \"Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Contacts with scientists abroad",
"text": "Between the 1950s and the 1970s Hodgkin established and maintained lasting contacts with scientists in her field abroad—at the Institute of Crystallography in Moscow; in India; and with the Chinese group working in Beijing and Shanghai on the structure of insulin."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family",
"text": "In 1937, Dorothy Crowfoot married Thomas Lionel Hodgkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and discoveries | Insulin structure",
"text": "Solving the structure of insulin had two important implications for the treatment of diabetes, both making mass production of insulin possible and allowing scientists to alter the structure of insulin to create even better drug options for patients going forward."
},
{
"section_header": "Portraits",
"text": "Graham Sutherland made preliminary sketches for a portrait of Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin in 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and discoveries | Insulin structure",
"text": "Hodgkin's dream of unlocking the structure of insulin was put on hold until 1969 when she was finally able to work with her team of young, international scientists to uncover the structure for the first time."
}
] |
Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin established the underlying structure of insulin.
| 0 | 0 |
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Vedic texts | Vedic Sanskrit corpus",
"text": "The term \"Vedic texts\" is used in two distinct meanings: Texts composed in Vedic Sanskrit during the Vedic period (Iron Age India) Any text considered as \"connected to the Vedas\" or a \"corollary of the Vedas\"The corpus of Vedic Sanskrit texts includes: The Samhitas (Sanskrit saṃhitā, \"collection\"), are collections of metric texts (\"mantras\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Vedic texts | Vedic Sanskrit corpus",
"text": "In some contexts, the term Veda is used to refer only to these Samhitas, the collection of mantras."
}
] |
MooiF4rr6fUY6DHa915I
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vedas (; Sanskrit: वेदः vedaḥ, \"knowledge\") are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India."
},
{
"section_header": "Vedic texts | Vedic Sanskrit corpus",
"text": "In some contexts, the term Veda is used to refer only to these Samhitas, the collection of mantras."
},
{
"section_header": "Vedic texts | Vedic Sanskrit corpus",
"text": "The term \"Vedic texts\" is used in two distinct meanings: Texts composed in Vedic Sanskrit during the Vedic period (Iron Age India) Any text considered as \"connected to the Vedas\" or a \"corollary of the Vedas\"The corpus of Vedic Sanskrit texts includes: The Samhitas (Sanskrit saṃhitā, \"collection\"), are collections of metric texts (\"mantras\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Transmission",
"text": "According to Staal, as referenced by Holdrege, though the mantras may have a discursive meaning, when the mantras are recited in the Vedic rituals \"they are disengaged from their original context and are employed in ways that have little or nothing to do with their meaning."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Transmission",
"text": "\" In the Brahmanical perspective, the sounds have their own meaning, mantras are considered as \"primordial rhythms of creation\", preceding the forms to which they refer."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and usage",
"text": "In some parts of south India (e.g. the Iyengar communities), the word veda is used in the Tamil writings of the Alvar saints."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Vedic learning",
"text": "Galewicz states that Sayana, a Mimamsa scholar, \"thinks of the Veda as something to be trained and mastered to be put into practical ritual use,\" noticing that \"it is not the meaning of the mantras that is most essential [...]"
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Transmission",
"text": "Already at the end of the Vedic period their original meaning had become obscure for \"ordinary people,\" and niruktas, etymological compendia, were developed to preserve and clarify the original meaning of many Sanskrit words."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Chronology",
"text": "The Vedic period reaches its peak only after the composition of the mantra texts, with the establishment of the various shakhas all over Northern India which annotated the mantra samhitas with Brahmana discussions of their meaning, and reaches its end in the age of Buddha and Panini and the rise of the Mahajanapadas (archaeologically, Northern Black Polished Ware)."
},
{
"section_header": "Four Vedas | Embedded Vedic texts | Aranyakas and Upanishads",
"text": "They are commonly referred to as Vedānta, variously interpreted to mean either the \"last chapters, parts of the Vedas\" or \"the object, the highest purpose of the Veda\"."
}
] |
A large body of religious texts originating in ancient India, the Vedas, are used in a variety of meanings and also referred to as mantras.
| 0 | 0 |
Vedas
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "eBay Inc. ( EE-bay) (stylized in all lowercase) is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website."
}
] |
MpWU8daow3RQAcyjMbPZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Profit and transactions",
"text": "The new model is more transparent and is based on category-level base commission rates with bonuses available for referring new and reactivated buyers."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Bidding | Charity auctions",
"text": "As of June 2010, the highest successful bid on a single item for charity was for the annual \"Power Lunch\" with investor Warren Buffett at the famous Smith & Wollensky Steakhouse in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Profit and transactions",
"text": "In October 2013, ePN launched a new pricing model."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s",
"text": "Jeffrey Skoll was hired as the first new president of the company in early 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Items",
"text": "On April 24, 2006, eBay opened its new eBay Express site, which was designed to work like a standard Internet shopping site for consumers with United States addresses."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Logo",
"text": "In September 2012, eBay introduced a new logo set in the Univers typeface, but using a thinner variation of it, installed on the website on October 10, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "On January 31, 2018, eBay announced that they would replace PayPal as its primary payments provider with Netherlands-based start-up Adyen."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Profit and transactions",
"text": "As of 2019 the US-based eBay.com charges $0.35 as an insertion fee for a basic listing without any adornments."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for data analysis | Bidding | Charity auctions",
"text": "In 2007; eBay Canada partnered with Montreal-based digital branding agency CloudRaker to develop a campaign to raise money for Sainte-Justine children's hospital in Montreal."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Profit and transactions",
"text": "Strategic international expansion has failed in Taiwan and Japan, where Yahoo! had a head start, and New Zealand, where Trade Me is the dominant online auction website."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "eBay Inc. ( EE-bay) (stylized in all lowercase) is an American multinational e-commerce corporation based in San Jose, California, that facilitates consumer-to-consumer and business-to-consumer sales through its website."
}
] |
Ebay is based in New York.
| 0 | 3 |
eBay
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "R.E.M. released Accelerate in early 2008."
}
] |
MqpxYiIRltcJZEA6RVr1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "That same month, all four original band members performed during the ceremony for their induction into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "EMI released a compilation album covering R.E.M.'s work during its tenure on I.R.S. in 2006 called"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "R.E.M. Live, the band's first live album (featuring songs from a 2005 Dublin show), was released in October 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band broke up amicably in 2011 with members devoting time on solo projects after having sold more than 90 million albums worldwide and becoming one of the world's best-selling music artists."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases",
"text": "The single quickly sold out, and another 6,000 copies were pressed due to popular demand, despite the original pressing leaving off the record label's contact details."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "R.E.M. released Accelerate in early 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "Rolling Stone reviewer David Fricke considered Accelerate an improvement over the band's previous post-Berry albums, calling it \"one of the best records R.E.M. have ever made.\" In 2010, R.E.M. released the video album R.E.M. Live from Austin, TX—a concert recorded for Austin City Limits in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "\" They were also uninterested in the business end of recording as R.E.M. The band members finished their collaboration by assembling the compilation album Part Lies, Part Heart, Part Truth, Part Garbage 1982–2011, which was released in November 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "This release fulfilled R.E.M.'s contractual obligations to Warner Bros., and the band began recording material without a contract a few months later with the possible intention of self-releasing the work."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "The album debuted at number two on the Billboard charts, and became the band's eighth album to top the British album charts."
}
] |
Their last original album was released in the 90s.
| 0 | 0 |
R.E.M.
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire career in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Cincinnati Reds from 1967 through 1983."
}
] |
MqzHBJa7EeXXtKyp71tN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "Born and raised in Oklahoma, Bench is one-eighth Choctaw; he played baseball and basketball and was class valedictorian at Binger-Oney High School in Binger."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "After turning 50, Bench was a part-time professional golfer and played in several events on the Senior PGA Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "Bench has also broadcast games on television and radio, and is an avid golfer, having played in several Champions Tour tournaments."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire career in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Cincinnati Reds from 1967 through 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "In a September 2008 interview with Heidi Watney of the New England Sports Network, Johnny Bench, who was watching a Cleveland Indians/Boston Red Sox game at Fenway Park, did an impression of late Chicago Cubs announcer Harry Caray after Red Sox third baseman Kevin Youkilis, a native of Cincinnati, made a tough play."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "As a 17-year-old, Bench was selected 36th overall by the Cincinnati Reds in the second round of the 1965 amateur draft, playing for the minor-league Buffalo Bisons in the 1966 and 1967 seasons before being called up to the Reds in August 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1970s",
"text": "He finished with an excellent postseason, starting with a 4-for-12 (.333) performance in the NLCS sweep over the Philadelphia Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "For a time in the 1980s Bench was a commercial spokesman for Krylon paint, featuring a memorable catchphrase: \"I'm Johnny Bench, and this is Johnny Bench's bench."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johnny Lee Bench (born December 7, 1947) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "Starting with the 2000 college baseball season, the best collegiate catcher annually receives the Johnny Bench Award."
}
] |
Johnny Bench played basketball and played for the Phillies.
| 4 | 5 |
Johnny Bench
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The capital city Tokyo has a population of 13.8 million (2018)."
}
] |
MrCVfXA3cls1v3NYK6YY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokyo is the country's capital and largest city; other major cities include Osaka and Nagoya."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Late 20th and early 21st century projects include artificial islands such as Chubu Centrair International Airport in Ise Bay, Kansai International Airport in the middle of Osaka Bay, Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise and Wakayama Marina City."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art and architecture",
"text": "The Shrines of Ise have been celebrated as the prototype of Japanese architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The capital city Tokyo has a population of 13.8 million (2018)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Feudal era",
"text": "Modern Japan's economic growth began in this period, resulting in roads and water transportation routes, as well as financial instruments such as futures contracts, banking and insurance of the Osaka rice brokers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistoric to classical history",
"text": "In 784, Emperor Kanmu moved the capital from Nara to Nagaoka-kyō, then to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto) in 794."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Japanese variant of capitalism has many distinct features: keiretsu enterprises are influential, and lifetime employment and seniority-based career advancement are relatively common in the Japanese work environment."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "Japan's road spending has been extensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Agriculture and fishery",
"text": "Only 12% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Traditionally, sumo is considered Japan's national sport."
}
] |
Japan's capital is Osaka.
| 2 | 5 |
Japan
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Quietism",
"text": "During the 18th century, Quakers entered the Quietist period in the history of their church, becoming more inward-looking spiritually and less active in converting others."
}
] |
MsJaRWNYCZpNDK28rOVR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Some parents apply for membership on behalf of their children, while others allow the child to decide whether to become a member when they are ready, and older in age."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "A Friend is a member of a Yearly Meeting, usually beginning with membership in a local monthly meeting."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Formerly, children born to Quaker parents automatically became members (sometimes called Birthright membership), but this is no longer the case in many areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Within Britain Yearly Meeting, membership is acquired through a process of peer review, where a potential member is visited by several members who present a report to the other members of the monthly meeting before a decision is reached."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Methods for acquiring membership vary; for example, in most Kenyan yearly meetings, attenders who wish to become members are required to take part in around two years of adult education, memorising key Bible passages, and learning about the history of orthodox Christianity, and of Christian Quakerism."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Quietism",
"text": "During the 18th century, Quakers entered the Quietist period in the history of their church, becoming more inward-looking spiritually and less active in converting others."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Quakers, especially the ones known as the Valiant Sixty, attempted to convert others to their understanding of Christianity, travelling both throughout Great Britain and overseas, preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Friends and slavery",
"text": "During the early to mid-1700s, disquiet about this practice arose among Friends, best exemplified by the testimonies of Benjamin Lay, Anthony Benezet and John Woolman, and this resulted in an abolition movement among Friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Some meetings adopt a policy that children, some time after becoming young adults, must apply independently for membership."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Splits | Hicksite–Orthodox split",
"text": "Conversely, within the Hicksite movement the rejection of the market economy and the continuing focus on community and family bonds tended to encourage women to retain their role as powerful arbiters."
}
] |
The Quaker movement in the 1700s encouraged its members to increase membership by converting others.
| 1 | 2 |
Quakers
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After emerging as a political force in the late 1820s, most of the Anti-Masonic Party's members joined the Whig Party in the 1830s and the party disappeared after 1838."
}
] |
MsTgP32GotCurnkSTGy1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Conventions and elections",
"text": "By this time, the party had been almost entirely supplanted by the Whigs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After emerging as a political force in the late 1820s, most of the Anti-Masonic Party's members joined the Whig Party in the 1830s and the party disappeared after 1838."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the 1830s progressed, many of the Anti-Masonic Party's supporters joined the Whig Party, which sought to unite those opposed to the policies of President Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By 1840, the party had ceased to function as a national organization."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conventions and elections",
"text": "By the late 1830s, many of the Anti-Masonic movement's members were moving to the Whigs, regarding that party as a better alternative to the Jacksonians, by then called Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conventions and elections",
"text": "When the Whig National Convention nominated Harrison with John Tyler as his running mate, the Anti-Masonic Party did not make an alternate nomination and ceased to function, with most adherents being fully absorbed into the Whigs by 1840."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Party foundation",
"text": "In New York, at this time the supporters of President John Quincy Adams, called \"Adams men\", or Anti-Jacksonians, or National Republicans, were a feeble organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harrison campaigned as a Whig in the 1836 presidential election and his relative success in the election encouraged further migration of Anti-Masons to the Whig Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Anti-Masonic movement gave rise to or expanded the use of many innovations which became accepted practice among other parties, including nominating conventions and party newspapers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Party foundation",
"text": "Many people regarded the Masonic organization and its adherents involved in government as corrupt."
}
] |
The Anti-Masonic Party despite having many members join the Whig Party still functioned for a long time after.
| 0 | 0 |
Anti-Masonic Party
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "Although Biggio was an infielder, Seton Hall coach Mike Sheppard switched him to catcher because the team was in need of one."
}
] |
MsWagSp3zhJtJ87zz7Vt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "Biggio was an All-American baseball player at Seton Hall, where he played with"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": "In the penultimate game of his career, Biggio started as a catcher and caught 2 innings for the Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "Who Batted Ninth by David Siroty, which chronicled their rise from college teammates to the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "Although Biggio was an infielder, Seton Hall coach Mike Sheppard switched him to catcher because the team was in need of one."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Craig Alan Biggio (; born December 14, 1965) is an American former second baseman, outfielder and catcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career from 1988 through 2007 for the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": ", Biggio hit a grand slam in the 6th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "In 1986, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": "He recorded his final career hit, a double in the first inning, and scored his final career run that same inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As catcher",
"text": "In 1989, his first full season, Biggio became the Astros' starting catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Post-retirement",
"text": "Craig Biggio has been a special assistant to the general manager since 2008."
}
] |
Craig Biggio initially did not play catcher in college.
| 1 | 5 |
Craig Biggio
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Impact | Casualties and war crimes",
"text": "Most suggest that some 60 million people died in the war, including about 20 million military personnel and 40 million civilians."
}
] |
MsiJWBXkYDIsbnjW8mI9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Impact | Casualties and war crimes",
"text": "Many of the civilians died because of deliberate genocide, massacres, mass bombings, disease, and starvation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tens of millions of people died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), premeditated death from starvation, massacres, and disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Casualties and war crimes",
"text": "Most suggest that some 60 million people died in the war, including about 20 million military personnel and 40 million civilians."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Casualties and war crimes",
"text": "The mass bombing of cities in Europe and Asia has often been called a war crime, although no positive or specific customary international humanitarian law with respect to aerial warfare existed before or during World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology",
"text": "Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of the war | War breaks out in Europe (1939–40)",
"text": "A significant part of Polish military personnel evacuated to Romania and the Baltic countries; many of them would fight against the Axis in other theatres of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Casualties and war crimes",
"text": "The Soviet Union was responsible for the Katyn massacre of 22,000 Polish officers, and the imprisonment or execution of thousands of political prisoners by the NKVD, along with mass civilian deportations to Siberia, in the Baltic states and eastern Poland annexed by the Red Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Genocide, concentration camps, and slave labour",
"text": "By the end of the war, most Soviet POWs liberated from Nazi camps and many repatriated civilians were detained in special filtration camps where they were subjected to NKVD evaluation, and 226,127 were sent to the Gulag as real or perceived Nazi collaborators."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Casualties and war crimes",
"text": "The most infamous Japanese atrocity was the Nanking Massacre, in which fifty to three hundred thousand Chinese civilians were raped and murdered."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "World War II changed the political alignment and social structure of the globe."
}
] |
3 times as many civilians than military personnel died in World War II because of mass genocide, massacres, bombings, disease, and starvation.
| 2 | 5 |
World War II
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the age of 12, he played the stage role of an 80-year-old man; in one of his films, Seven Faces, he played seven different characters."
}
] |
MsqdnjS8UU2vu6jlV0Go
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "Muni then focused most of his energies on stage work, and occasionally on television roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the age of 12, he played the stage role of an 80-year-old man; in one of his films, Seven Faces, he played seven different characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Film historian Robert Osborne notes that Muni's makeup skills were so creative that for most of his roles, \"he transformed his appearance so completely, he was dubbed 'the new Lon Chaney.'\" In his first stage role at the age of 12, Muni played the role of an 80-year-old man."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood",
"text": "He also played the lead role in Juarez (1939)."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting techniques, reputation, and legacy",
"text": "\" On stage, \"a Muni whisper could reach the last balcony of any theater\", writes the Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also starred in numerous Broadway plays and won the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his role in the 1955 production of Inherit the Wind."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood",
"text": "Unhappy with the roles offered him, he returned to Broadway, where he starred in a major hit play, Counsellor at Law."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "He took over from Lee J. Cobb, who had played the principal role in the original Broadway production."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "A few years later, during 1955 and 1956, Muni had his biggest stage success in the United States as the crusading lawyer, Henry Drummond (based on Clarence Darrow), in Inherit the Wind, winning a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "His first role was that of an elderly Jewish man in the play We Americans, written by playwrights Max Siegel and Milton Herbert Gropper."
}
] |
Muni played the stage role of a woman when he was 13.
| 0 | 2 |
Paul Muni
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Physical data",
"text": "OVERALL HEIGHT – 19 FEET 3 INCHES [5.87 m]."
}
] |
MtLiT7MnDMpaqh3Pur19
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Georgia Guidestones are a granite monument erected in 1980 in Elbert County, Georgia, in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet",
"text": "At the top center of the tablet is written: The Georgia Guidestones"
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Guidestone languages",
"text": "College Avenue Elberton, Georgia"
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Physical data",
"text": "5. CAPSTONE IS 9-FEET, 8-INCHES [2.95 m]"
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Physical data",
"text": "OVERALL HEIGHT – 19 FEET 3 INCHES [5.87 m]."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Physical data",
"text": "9. GRANITE QUARRIED FROM PYRAMID QUARRIES LOCATED 3 MILES [5 km]"
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Physical data",
"text": "WEST OF ELBERTON, GEORGIA."
},
{
"section_header": "Explanatory tablet | Astronomical features",
"text": "The center column features a hole drilled at an angle from one side to the other, through which can be seen the North Star, a star whose position changes only very gradually over time."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Inscriptions",
"text": "A message consisting of a set of ten guidelines or principles is engraved on the Georgia Guidestones in eight different languages, one language on each face of the four large upright stones."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "Author Brad Meltzer notes that the stones were built in 1979 at the height of the Cold War, and thus argues that they may have been intended as a message to the possible survivors of a nuclear World War III."
}
] |
The Georgia Guidestones statue's height is over 5 metres.
| 0 | 0 |
Georgia Guidestones
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer games",
"text": "In 2011, as a tribute to old NES games, developer Charlie Hoey and editor Pete Smith created an 8-bit-style online game of The Great Gatsby called The Great Gatsby for NES."
}
] |
MtVYU6yU2PYYtDZj68fo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Ballet",
"text": "In 2010, The Washington Ballet premiered a version at the Kennedy Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Ballet",
"text": "In 2009, BalletMet premiered a version at the Capitol Theatre in Columbus, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "\" The New York Post called the book \"fascinating ... His style fairly scintillates, and with a genuine brilliance; he writes surely and soundly."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative titles",
"text": "He said he had liked the jacket and now he didn't like it.\" Fitzgerald had difficulty choosing a title for his novel and entertained many choices before reluctantly choosing The Great Gatsby, a title inspired by Alain-Fournier's Le Grand Meaulnes."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "According to his own ledger, now made available online by University of South Carolina's Thomas Cooper library, he earned only $2,000 from the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative titles",
"text": "\"Early drafts of the novel have been published under the title Trimalchio: An Early Version of The Great Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theater",
"text": "The 1926 stage adaptation of Owen Davis, subsequently developed, became the 1926 film version."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theater",
"text": "In 2012, a revised version was produced at Arizona Theatre Company and Grand Theatre in London, Ontario, Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "Fitzgerald wrote in his ledger, \"Out of woods at last and starting novel.\" He decided to make a departure from the writing process of his previous novels and told Perkins that the novel was to be a \"consciously artistic achievement\" and a \"purely creative work—not trashy imaginings as in my stories but the sustained imagination of a sincere and yet radiant world.\" Soon after this burst of inspiration, work slowed while the Fitzgeralds made a move to the French Riviera, where a serious crisis in their relationship soon developed."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer games",
"text": "In 2011, as a tribute to old NES games, developer Charlie Hoey and editor Pete Smith created an 8-bit-style online game of The Great Gatsby called The Great Gatsby for NES."
}
] |
There's an interactive entertainment version of the story made in the style of Nintendo.
| 4 | 5 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Born in Hanau, near Frankfurt am Main, Hindemith was taught the violin as a child."
}
] |
Mtv0L3KFWZlFY9re4RkE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He played second violin in the Rebner String Quartet from 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Young Turkish musicians regarded Hindemith as a \"real master\", and he was appreciated and greatly respected."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Born in Hanau, near Frankfurt am Main, Hindemith was taught the violin as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Hindemith (; 16 November 1895 – 28 December 1963) was a prolific German composer, violist, violinist, teacher and conductor."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The Violin Concerto was also recorded by Hindemith for Decca/London, with the composer conducting the London Symphony Orchestra with David Oistrakh as soloist."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style",
"text": "Hindemith wrote Gebrauchsmusik (Music for Use)—compositions intended to have a social or political purpose and sometimes written to be played by amateurs."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style",
"text": "Kammermusik No. 6, for example, is a concerto for the viola d'amore, an instrument that has not been in wide use since the baroque period, but which Hindemith himself played."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He entered Frankfurt's Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium, where he studied violin with Adolf Rebner, as well as conducting and composition with Arnold Mendelssohn and Bernhard Sekles."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "At first he supported himself by playing in dance bands and musical-comedy groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "There he was assigned to play bass drum in the regiment band, and also formed a string quartet."
}
] |
Paul Hindemith learned how to play violin when he was young.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul Hindemith
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the largest technology company in Russia and the largest search engine on the Internet in Russian, with a market share of over 52%."
}
] |
Mu58Z2OXwegmAC5B5cDo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "It was the biggest initial public offering for a dot-com company since Google's offering in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company founders and most of the team members are located in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the company, one of its biggest advantages for Russian-language users is the ability to recognize Russian inflection in search queries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "In October 2013, Yandex acquired KinoPoisk, the biggest Russian movie search engine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the largest technology company in Russia and the largest search engine on the Internet in Russian, with a market share of over 52%."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "Maxim Akimov, Deputy Prime Minister of Russia, said that the government will take action to relieve FSB pressure on the company."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "In 2017, within the framework of a joint anti-phishing project of the Bank of Russia and search engine Yandex, a special check mark (a green circle with a tick and 'Реестр ЦБ РФ' (Bank of Russia Register) text box) appeared in the search results, informing the consumer that the website is really owned by a legally registered company licensed by the Bank of Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "In 2013, Yandex became the largest media property in Russia by revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Incorporated in the Netherlands, Yandex primarily serves audiences in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yandex.ru home page is the 4th most popular website in Russia."
}
] |
Yandex is the biggest tech company in Russia.
| 0 | 0 |
Yandex
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Video games",
"text": "Hunchback, a 1983 arcade video game developed by Century Electronics, starring Quasimodo and Esmeralda."
}
] |
MuI2dtATG7TQtS1V2zGP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "Frederic Shoberl's 1833 English translation was published as The Hunchback of Notre Dame (which became the generally used title in English), which refers to Quasimodo, Notre Dame's bellringer."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The novel's original French title, Notre-Dame de Paris, refers to Notre Dame Cathedral, on which the story is centered."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Our Lady of Paris', originally titled Notre-Dame de Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1966 miniseries"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1977 miniseries"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Musical theatre",
"text": "In 2010 it was re-written as a conventional musical, with the new title Notre Dame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris, lit. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1911 silent film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Music",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame soundtrack for the 1996 Disney film"
},
{
"section_header": "Translation history",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame has been translated into English many times."
},
{
"section_header": "Video games",
"text": "Hunchback, a 1983 arcade video game developed by Century Electronics, starring Quasimodo and Esmeralda."
}
] |
There was an interactive software title made of The Hunchback of Notre Dame in the 80's.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pennock was born on February 10, 1894, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania."
}
] |
MuKXQrtNY9hEcNgApT3n
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He also raised hounds and silver foxes for their pelts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Together, the couple had a daughter, Jane (born 1920), and a son, Joe (born 1925)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pennock was born on February 10, 1894, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "In the 1914 season, Pennock posted an 11–4 win–loss record with a 2.79 earned run average (ERA) in 151⅔ innings pitched for the Athletics, and pitched three scoreless innings in the 1914 World Series, which the Athletics lost to the Boston Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Pennock pitched four innings of relief against the Chicago Cubs in the 1932 World Series, recording two saves."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Pennock's 277 innings pitched and 1.220 walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP) ratio led the AL in the 1925 season, while his 2.96 ERA was second-best, behind Stan Coveleski."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Pennock made his major league debut with the Athletics during their 1912 season on May 14, allowing one hit in four innings pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Pennock pitched a complete game against the Pirates in game three of the 1927 World Series, not allowing a hit until the eighth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "His five shutouts and 0.085 home runs per nine innings pitched led the AL."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "He led the AL in walks per nine innings pitched in 1930 (1.151) and 1931 (1.426)."
}
] |
Pennock was born and raised in Ohio.
| 0 | 2 |
Herb Pennock
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Joseph Piazza (; born September 4, 1968) is an American former professional baseball catcher who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1992 to 2007."
}
] |
MuN0kqL4l9XTjH9QTWoM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "When the Dodgers—managed by Vince Piazza's childhood friend Tommy Lasorda, the godfather of Mike Piazza's youngest brother, Tommy—visited Philadelphia, Piazza visited the Dodger clubhouse and served as a bat boy in the dugout."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "He graduated from Phoenixville Area High School in 1986, after which he went to South Florida and joined the Miami Hurricanes his freshman year; receiving no playing time that season, Piazza transferred to Miami-Dade North."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, he was traded to the Marlins and then a week later to the Mets, with whom he spent most of the remainder of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Piazza was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania, grew up in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, and attended Phoenixville Area High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "He is of Italian and Slovak ancestry, and is the second-oldest son of Vince and Veronica, with brothers Vince Jr., Danny, Tony, and Tommy."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Mike grew up a Philadelphia Phillies fan, and admiring Hall of Fame Third baseman Mike Schmidt."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Vince Piazza earned a fortune of more than $100 million in used cars and real estate, and attempted several times to purchase an MLB franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "Vince Piazza's own hopes of playing baseball had ended at the age of 16 when he left school to support his family."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "He saw that Mike had potential in the sport, and began encouraging his son to build his arm strength at the age of five."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "When he was 12, Piazza received personal instruction in his backyard batting cage from Ted Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Joseph Piazza (; born September 4, 1968) is an American former professional baseball catcher who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1992 to 2007."
}
] |
Mike Piazza's childhood years were spent in Kansas.
| 3 | 5 |
Mike Piazza
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896."
}
] |
MuOfkCRXMLUpa7geN4GV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Thematic summary",
"text": "Perhaps these poems are not fashionable, but they survive the poet to please other lads like him (LXIII)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Shropshire Lad is a collection of sixty-three poems by the English poet Alfred Edward Housman, published in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Illustrations",
"text": "The poet was dead by the time of the 1940 Harrap edition, which carried monochrome woodcuts by Agnes Miller Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "Thematic summary",
"text": "The poet exchanges a glance with a marching soldier and wishes him well, thinking they will never cross paths again (XXII)."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "For W. H. Auden and his generation \"no other poet seemed so perfectly to express the sensibility of a male adolescent\"; and George Orwell remembered that, among his generation at Eton College in the wake of World War 1, \"these were the poems which I and my contemporaries used to recite to ourselves, over and over, in a kind of ecstasy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "Written about the same time as the others, this poem was held over until it was incorporated in Last Poems (1922).In"
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Parodies",
"text": "These began, in imitation of the opening of poem L,"
},
{
"section_header": "A Shropshire Rhapsody",
"text": "He did, however, have one source to guide him, echoes from which are to be found in the poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Parodies",
"text": "They were followed by Hugh Kingsmill's \"Two poems after A.E.Housman\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Song settings",
"text": "Composers outside the UK have also set individual poems by Housman."
}
] |
The poems were by a Welsh poet.
| 0 | 0 |
A Shropshire Lad
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (; born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997) was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and later Zaire from 1965 to 1997."
}
] |
MuQo5I7wzN4jpFU9FR9r
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Authenticity campaign",
"text": "Western attire and ties were banned, and men were forced to wear a Mao-style tunic known as an abacost (shorthand for à bas le costume, or \"down with the suit\").In 1972, in accordance with his own decree of a year earlier, Mobutu renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (meaning \"The all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, goes from conquest to conquest, leaving fire in his wake.\"), or Mobutu Sese Seko for short."
},
{
"section_header": "One-man rule",
"text": "In the 1996 documentary of the 1974 Foreman-Ali fight in Zaire, dancers receiving the fighters can be heard chanting \"Sese Seko, Sese Seko\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To consolidate his power, he established the Popular Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal political party in 1967, changed the Congo's name to Zaire in 1971, and his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books | French",
"text": "F. Maspero. ISBN 2-7071-1075-2 Mobutu Sese Seko."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books | French",
"text": "Chomé, Jules. L'ascension de Mobutu: Du sergent Désiré Joseph au général Sese Seko."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (; born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997) was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and later Zaire from 1965 to 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "One-man rule",
"text": "In 1972, Mobutu tried unsuccessfully to have himself named president for life."
},
{
"section_header": "Coalition government",
"text": "Mobutu appointed Kengo Wa Dondo, an advocate of austerity and free-market reforms, as prime minister."
},
{
"section_header": "In art and literature",
"text": "Mobutu was the subject of the three-part documentary Mobutu, King of Zaire by Thierry Michel."
},
{
"section_header": "One-man rule | Foreign policy | Relations with the People's Republic of China",
"text": "In November 1972, Mobutu extended diplomatic recognition to the Chinese (as well as East Germany and North Korea)."
}
] |
Mobutu Sese Seko was the King of Somalia in 1972 and conquered most of Mogadishu.
| 0 | 0 |
Mobutu Sese Seko
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is the story of a Southern family in crisis, especially the husband Brick and wife Margaret (usually called Maggie or \"Maggie the Cat\"), and their interaction with Brick's family over the course of one evening's gathering at the family estate in Mississippi."
}
] |
MvPhh4dTVCIFGjF4XK9Q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Facing death",
"text": "The ways in which humans deal with death are also at the focus of this play, as are the futility and nihilism some encounter when confronted with imminent mortality."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof features motifs such as social mores, greed, superficiality, mendacity, decay, sexual desire, repression and death."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is the story of a Southern family in crisis, especially the husband Brick and wife Margaret (usually called Maggie or \"Maggie the Cat\"), and their interaction with Brick's family over the course of one evening's gathering at the family estate in Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams; an adaptation of his 1952 short story Three Players of a Summer Game; he wrote the play between 1953 and 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1976, a television version of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was produced, starring the then husband-and-wife team of Natalie Wood and Robert Wagner, and featuring Laurence Olivier as Big Daddy and Maureen Stapleton as Big Mama."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of Williams's more famous works and his personal favorite"
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Revivals",
"text": "For this production, Williams restored much of the text which he had removed from the original one at the insistence of Elia Kazan."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Facing death",
"text": "Similar ideas are found in Dylan Thomas's \"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night\", which Williams excerpted and added as an epigraph to his 1974 version."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Facing death",
"text": "These lines are appropriate, as Thomas wrote the poem to his own dying father."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in the \"plantation home in the Mississippi Delta\" of Big Daddy Pollitt, a wealthy cotton tycoon, the play examines the relationships among members of Big Daddy's family, primarily between his son Brick and Maggie the \"Cat\", Brick's wife."
}
] |
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof follows a genealogy and deals with how they deal with death.
| 0 | 0 |
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English: ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE."
}
] |
MvT9jPDzWY1KUZeWPrBG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Names and titles",
"text": "The title was adopted by other kings, including the contemporary king Devanampiya Tissa of Anuradhapura and Ashoka's descendant Dasharatha Maurya."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources of information",
"text": "The 12th-century text Rajatarangini mentions a Kashmiri king Ashoka of Gonandiya dynasty who built several stupas: some scholars, such as Aurel Stein, have identified this king with the Maurya king Ashoka; others, such as Ananda W. P. Guruge dismiss this identification as inaccurate."
},
{
"section_header": "As a prince",
"text": "At the Garden, Pingala-vatsajiva examined the princes and realised that Ashoka would be the next king."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "The king became a Buddhist upasaka, and started visiting the Kukkutarama shrine at Pataliputra."
},
{
"section_header": "Legends about past lives",
"text": "The Buddha approved of the donation, and Jaya declared that he would become a king by this act of merit."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Coinage",
"text": "Numismatic research suggests that this symbol was the symbol of king Ashoka, his personal \"Mudra\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Ancestry",
"text": "Ashokavadana states that Ashoka's mother was the daughter of a Brahmin from Champa, and was prophesized to marry a king."
},
{
"section_header": "Ascension to the throne",
"text": "When Bindusara refused to do so, Ashoka declared that if the throne was rightfully his, the gods would crown him as the next king."
},
{
"section_header": "Ascension to the throne | Date of ascension",
"text": "The Mahavamsa states that Ashoka consecrated himself as the king four years after becoming a sovereign."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Dharma",
"text": "According to Shams-i Siraj's Tarikh-i Firoz Shahi, after the king had these pillar transported from Topra and Mirat to Delhi as war trophies, these Brahmins told him that the inscriptions prophesized that nobody would be able to remove the pillars except a king named Firuz."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English: ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE."
}
] |
Asoka was a Mongolian king.
| 2 | 7 |
Asoka
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–1987: Early work",
"text": "The following year, Hanks landed one of the lead roles, that of character Kip Wilson, on the ABC television pilot of Bosom Buddies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "The broad success of the fantasy comedy Big (1988) established Hanks as a major Hollywood talent, both as a box office draw and within the industry as an actor."
}
] |
MvTUoP1ujHVfRPH8fLvQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "Hanks and producer Gary Goetzman went on to create Playtone, a record and film production company named after the record company in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known for both his comedic and dramatic roles, Hanks is one of the most popular and recognizable film stars worldwide, and is regarded as an American cultural icon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–1987: Early work",
"text": "\"The television show had come out of nowhere,\" Hanks's best friend Tom Lizzio told Rolling Stone."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "In August 2007, he along with co-producers Rita Wilson and Gary Goetzman, and writer and star Nia Vardalos, initiated a legal action against the production company Gold Circle Films for their share of profits from the movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–1987: Early work",
"text": "a few more flops and a moderate success with the comedy Dragnet, Hanks's stature in the film industry rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | COVID-19 diagnosis",
"text": "Hanks was playing the role of Colonel Tom Parker in the film directed by Baz Luhrmann."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "At the age of 45, Hanks became the youngest-ever recipient of the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award on June 12, 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "It was labeled one of the finest war films ever made and earned Spielberg his second Academy Award for direction, and Hanks another Best Actor nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other activities",
"text": "Hanks provided the voice-over for the premiere of the show Passport to the Universe at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–present: Later critical acclaim | Upcoming",
"text": "Hanks is also attached to star in an American remake of A Man Called Ove."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–1987: Early work",
"text": "The following year, Hanks landed one of the lead roles, that of character Kip Wilson, on the ABC television pilot of Bosom Buddies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1988–2003: Established star",
"text": "The broad success of the fantasy comedy Big (1988) established Hanks as a major Hollywood talent, both as a box office draw and within the industry as an actor."
}
] |
Tom Hanks gained traction in the film industry after starring in a show on the American Broadcasting Company.
| 1 | 3 |
Tom Hanks
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played professional baseball for 20 years from 1920 to 1939, including 17 years in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers (1923–1927), St. Louis Browns (1928–1930), Washington Senators (1930–1935), Boston Red Sox (1936), Brooklyn Dodgers (1937–1938), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1938–1939)."
}
] |
Mw2b5YKSOZyCkIay2NiC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "Manush began his professional career in 1920, playing six games for the Portland Beavers in the Pacific Coast League."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and later years",
"text": "Manush picked up the game of golf in 1935 and he won multiple city golf championships in Sarasota."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Hall of Fame and legacy",
"text": "His 33 career double plays turned in left field rank 25th in major league history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Emmett Manush (July 20, 1901 – May 12, 1971), nicknamed \"Heinie\", was an American baseball outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "The Senators lost the game in the 11th inning, and the ejection of Manush was bitterly denounced by the Senators after the loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "In the first inning, Manush was walked by Carl Hubbell and executed a double steal with Charlie Gehringer."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "In a 1964 interview, Manush cited his beating Ruth on the last day of the 1926 season as one of two events in his career (the other was playing in the 1933 World Series) that most stood out for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "In 1932, Manush had one of the best seasons of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "It was reported at the time of the trade that the team owners were trying to rid themselves of players who held out, Manush and Goslin both having been holdouts at the start of the 1930 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Hall of Fame and legacy",
"text": "His notable career accomplishments include the following: His .330 career batting average ranks 33rd in major league history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played professional baseball for 20 years from 1920 to 1939, including 17 years in Major League Baseball for the Detroit Tigers (1923–1927), St. Louis Browns (1928–1930), Washington Senators (1930–1935), Boston Red Sox (1936), Brooklyn Dodgers (1937–1938), and Pittsburgh Pirates (1938–1939)."
}
] |
Henry Manush played for multiple baseball teams in his career.
| 1 | 3 |
Heinie Manush
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "His birthplace in the Großer Griechenmarkt was a short distance from the square that is now named after him, the Offenbachplatz."
}
] |
MwJydwDNos2PVE6el1V2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "Both brothers adopted French forms of their names, Julius becoming Jules and Jacob becoming Jacques."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "By contrast, Jacques was bored by academic study and left after a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Cello virtuoso",
"text": "He thought it politic to revert temporarily to the name Jacob."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and reputation | Influence",
"text": "For example, Faris argues that the mock-oriental Ba-ta-clan influenced The Mikado, including its character names: Offenbach's Ko-ko-ri-ko and Gilbert's Ko-Ko; Faris also compares Le pont des soupirs (1861) and The Gondoliers (1889): \"in both works there are choruses à la barcarolle for gondoliers and contadini [in] thirds and sixths; Offenbach has a Venetian admiral telling of his cowardice in battle; Gilbert and Sullivan have their Duke of Plaza-Toro who led his regiment from behind."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Salle Choiseul",
"text": "An earlier biographer, André Martinet, wrote, \"Jacques spent money without counting."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "His birthplace in the Großer Griechenmarkt was a short distance from the square that is now named after him, the Offenbachplatz."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "The conservatoire's roll of students notes against his name \"Struck off on the 2 December 1834 (left of his own free will)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jacques Offenbach (, also US: , French: [ʒak ɔfɛnbak], German: [ˈʔɔfn̩bax] (listen); 20 June 1819 – 5 October 1880) was a German-born French composer, cellist and impresario of the Romantic period."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operettas",
"text": "Harding writes that Lecocq had successfully moved away from satire and parody, returning to \"the genuine spirit of opéra-comique and its peculiarly French gaiety.\" Offenbach followed suit in a series of 20 operettas; the conductor and musicologist Antonio de Almeida names the finest of these as La fille"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and reputation | Influence",
"text": "Hughes observes that two numbers in Offenbach's Maître Péronilla (1878) bear \"an astonishing resemblance\" to \"My name is John Wellington Wells\" from Gilbert and Sullivan's The Sorcerer (1877)."
}
] |
Jacques Offenbach has a plaza named after him.
| 0 | 0 |
Jacques Offenbach
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berlioz died in Paris at the age of 65."
}
] |
MwR8iw03du2wdND90WDP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis-Hector Berlioz (11 December 1803 – 8 March 1869) was a French Romantic composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "He cites well-known studies of musical history in which Berlioz is mentioned only in passing or not at all, and suggests that this is partly because Berlioz had no models among his predecessors and was a model to none of his successors."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1860–1869: Final years",
"text": "He and his son had grown deeply attached to each other, but Louis was a captain in the merchant navy, and was more often than not away from home."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Macdonald writes that Berlioz was a natural melodist, but that his rhythmic sense led him away from regular phrase lengths; he \"spoke naturally in a kind of flexible musical prose, with surprise and contour"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1821–1824: Medical student",
"text": "In March 1821 Berlioz passed the baccalauréat examination at the University of Grenoble – it is not certain whether at the first or second attempt – and in late September, aged seventeen, he moved to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The discography of the British Hector Berlioz website lists 96 recordings, from the pioneering version by Gabriel Pierné and the Concerts Colonne in 1928 to those conducted by Beecham, Pierre Monteux, Charles Munch, Herbert von Karajan and Otto Klemperer to more recent versions including those of Boulez, Marc Minkowski, Yannick Nézet-Séguin and François-Xavier Roth."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Changing reputation",
"text": "Northcott concluded, \"Berlioz still seems so immediate, so controversial, so ever-new\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Writers",
"text": "The first biography of Berlioz, by Eugène de Mirecourt, was published during the composer's lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Changing reputation",
"text": "In recent decades Berlioz has been widely regarded as a great composer, prone to lapses like any other."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and Berlioz scholarship | Writers",
"text": "Serious studies of Berlioz in the 20th century began with Adolphe Boschot's L'Histoire d'un romantique (three volumes, 1906–1913)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berlioz died in Paris at the age of 65."
}
] |
Hector Berlioz passed away in his 60s.
| 0 | 0 |
Hector Berlioz
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "Willaert was one of the most versatile composers of the Renaissance, writing music in almost every extant style and form."
}
] |
MwaAfNOObrJfvyAmC5ux
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adrian Willaert (c. 1490 – 7 December 1562) was a Netherlandish composer of the Renaissance and founder of the Venetian School."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Adrian Willaert: a guide to research"
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Article \"Adrian Willaert,\" in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "Willaert was one of the most versatile composers of the Renaissance, writing music in almost every extant style and form."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "Willaert, who was fond of the older compositional techniques such as the canon, often placed the melody in the tenor of his compositions, treating it as a cantus firmus."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "In Venice, a compositional style, established by Willaert, for multiple choirs dominated."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "Willaert, with the help of De Rore, standardized a five-voice setting in madrigal composition."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "ISBN 1-56159-174-2 Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Willaert's most significant appointment, and one of the most significant in the musical history of the Renaissance, was his selection as maestro di cappella of St. Mark's at Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Composers came from all over Europe to study with him, and his standards were high both for singing and composition."
}
] |
With regards to the composition of music, Adrian Willaert was a Renaissance man.
| 2 | 2 |
Adriaan Willaert
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pitching repertoire",
"text": "His pitching featured the knuckleball, which frustrated major league hitters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Henry Niekro (pronounced NEE-kro) (born April 1, 1939), nicknamed \"Knucksie\", is an American former baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves."
}
] |
Mx1VUNe90JYbEYcZfA5R
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "He appeared in relief three times, earning two saves."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "In 1966, Niekro split time again between the Braves and their minor league system, going 4-3 with a 4.11 earned run average (ERA).Niekro led the league with a 1.87 ERA in 1967, earning an 11-9 record with 10 complete games and 9 saves."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "The Braves went to the playoffs, where Niekro was 0-1 with four earned runs allowed in an eight-inning appearance against the New York Mets."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1964-1983) | 1964-1969",
"text": "He had begun the year as a relief pitcher but had earned a job in the starting rotation during the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won the National League (NL) Gold Glove Award five times, was selected for five All-Star teams, and led the league in victories twice and earned run average once."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Second stint with the Atlanta Braves (1987)",
"text": "Niekro retired at the end of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro and his family support the students of Bridgeport High School with the proceeds from the annual golf tournament \"The Niekro Classic\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niekro was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro is a member of the Kiz Toys Board of Advisors."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Niekro tutored his nephew, Lance Niekro, to throw a knuckleball after Lance's unsuccessful stints as a power-hitting first base prospect with the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching repertoire",
"text": "His pitching featured the knuckleball, which frustrated major league hitters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Henry Niekro (pronounced NEE-kro) (born April 1, 1939), nicknamed \"Knucksie\", is an American former baseball pitcher who played 24 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), 20 of them with the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves."
}
] |
Niekro earned his nom de guerre from his big meaty hands.
| 0 | 0 |
Phil Niekro
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty recognized Vatican City as an independent state under the sovereignty of the Holy See."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lateran Treaty (Italian: Patti Lateranensi; Latin: Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under Benito Mussolini and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settle the long-standing Roman Question."
}
] |
Mx6w3J1YPu8kmBcSHbj6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "However, the website of the Holy See presents the financial convention as an annex of the treaty of conciliation, considering the pacts as two documents: A political treaty recognising the full sovereignty of the Holy See in the State of Vatican City, which was thereby established, accompanied by four annexes: A map of the territory of Vatican City State"
},
{
"section_header": "History | After 1946",
"text": "Among other things, both sides declared: \"The principle of the Catholic religion as the sole religion of the Italian State, originally referred to by the Lateran Pacts, shall be considered to be no longer in force\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Maps of buildings with extraterritorial privilege and exemption from expropriation and taxes (owned by the Holy See but located in Italy and not forming part of Vatican City) Maps of buildings with exemption from expropriation and taxes (but without extraterritorial privilege) A financial convention agreed on as a definitive settlement of the claims of the Holy See following the loss in 1870 of its territories and property"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty recognized Vatican City as an independent state under the sovereignty of the Holy See."
},
{
"section_header": "History | After 1946",
"text": "The Constitution of the Italian Republic, adopted in 1947, states that relations between the State and the Catholic Church \"are regulated by the Lateran Treaties\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1947, the Lateran Treaty was recognized in the Constitution of Italy as regulating the relations between the state and the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It was ratified on 7 June 1929.The agreements included a political treaty which created the state of the Vatican City and guaranteed full and independent sovereignty to the Holy See."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the first article of the treaty, Italy reaffirmed the principle established in the 4 March 1848 Statute of the Kingdom of Italy, that \"the Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Religion is the only religion of the State\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lateran Treaty (Italian: Patti Lateranensi; Latin: Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under Benito Mussolini and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settle the long-standing Roman Question."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "The Lateran Pacts are often presented as three treaties: a 27-article treaty of conciliation, a three-article financial convention, and a 45-article concordat."
}
] |
The Lateran Treaty was part of a pact between a country and a religion to make Vatican City its own state.
| 3 | 3 |
Lateran Treaty
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Function | Hormone secretion",
"text": "The kidneys secrete a variety of hormones, including erythropoietin, calcitriol, and renin."
}
] |
MxWjsnx7Km3F6PVSo694
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Function | Regulation of osmolality",
"text": "The kidneys help maintain the water and salt level of the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "The kidneys excrete a variety of waste products produced by metabolism into the urine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The kidney participates in the control of the volume of various body fluids, fluid osmolality, acid-base balance, various electrolyte concentrations, and removal of toxins."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Dialysis",
"text": "Dialysis removes metabolic waste products as well as excess water and sodium (thereby contributing to regulating blood pressure); and maintains many chemical levels within the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Gross anatomy",
"text": "Nephrons, the urine-producing functional structures of the kidney, span the cortex and medulla."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Significance | Egyptian",
"text": "In ancient Egypt, the kidneys, like the heart, were left inside the mummified bodies, unlike other organs which were removed."
},
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "These include the nitrogenous wastes urea, from protein catabolism, and uric acid, from nucleic acid metabolism."
},
{
"section_header": "Other animals",
"text": "Reptiles have relatively few nephrons compared with other amniotes of a similar size, possibly because of their lower metabolic rate."
},
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "The kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis, regulating acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, extracellular fluid volume, and blood pressure."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Significance | Egyptian",
"text": "Comparing this to the biblical statements, and to drawings of human body with the heart and two kidneys portraying a set of scales for weighing justice, it seems that the Egyptian beliefs had also connected the kidneys with judgement and perhaps with moral decisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Hormone secretion",
"text": "The kidneys secrete a variety of hormones, including erythropoietin, calcitriol, and renin."
}
] |
Thyroxine is produced by the kidneys which helps control the metabolism of the body.
| 0 | 0 |
Kidney
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Company name",
"text": "Parsons said that the company stuck with the name because it made people smile and remember it."
}
] |
MxiNT4wa0867V6B7OxjN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Company name",
"text": "One employee said, \"How about Big Daddy?\" However, the domain name had already been purchased, so Parsons replied, \"How about Go Daddy?\" The name was available, so he bought it."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Company name",
"text": "Parsons said that the company stuck with the name because it made people smile and remember it."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Company name",
"text": "In 1999, a group of employees at Jomax Technologies were brainstorming and decided to change the company name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Company name",
"text": "The company changed its name branding from \"Jomax Technologies\" to \"GoDaddy\" in February 2006.Go Daddy's original logo featured a cartoon-styled man with messy hair wearing sunglasses."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "GoDaddy named its blog as GoDaddy Garage."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "With GoDaddy Auctions, which is GoDaddy's own domain marketplace, users can list their domain names for sale or bid on other domain name auctions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions",
"text": "GoDaddy will change the registry business’ name as GoDaddy Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions",
"text": "business name generator NameFind."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "GoDaddy also lists expiring domain name auctions from other registrars, so thousands of valuable expiring domain names go up for auction and selling every day on GoDaddy Auctions."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Deletion of FamilyAlbum.com",
"text": "\" The editor of \"Domain Name Wire\" said that since domain names are valuable it was reasonable to expect that the registrar would try to contact the domain owner by phone or postal mail."
}
] |
The name GoDaddy was used because it is a memorable name.
| 2 | 3 |
GoDaddy
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Greer Garson was born on 29 September 1904 in Manor Park, East Ham (then in Essex, now part of London), the only child of Nina (née Nancy Sophia Greer; 1880-1958) and George Garson (1865–1906), a commercial clerk in a London importing business."
}
] |
MxjR6Mh0MFj2taEspuzx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They also maintained a home in Dallas, where Garson funded the Greer Garson Theatre facility at Southern Methodist University."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Garson was married three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "During her later years, Garson was recognised for her philanthropy and civic leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Louis B. Mayer discovered Garson while he was in London looking for new talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "A local fisherman and extra in the film rescued Garson from the surf and potential undertow."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Gable argued for \"He put the Arson in Garson\"; she countered with \"She put the Able in Gable!\"; thereafter, the safer catchphrase was selected."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Greer Garson was born on 29 September 1904 in Manor Park, East Ham (then in Essex, now part of London), the only child of Nina (née Nancy Sophia Greer; 1880-1958) and George Garson (1865–1906), a commercial clerk in a London importing business."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1942, Garson also co-starred in the powerful, dramatic film Random Harvest with Academy Award winner Ronald Colman."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Garson was a registered Republican and in 1966 was asked to run for Congress on the Republican ticket against Democrat Earle Cabell but declined."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson (29 September 1904 – 6 April 1996) was a British and American actress and singer."
}
] |
Garson is from England.
| 2 | 3 |
Greer Garson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Its lease was then bought by Newcastle East End F.C. in 1892, before they changed their name to Newcastle United."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)",
"text": "The origins of Newcastle United Football Club itself can be traced back to the formation of a football club by the Stanley Cricket Club of Byker in November 1881."
}
] |
MyGzEKkm0xGiDx2LBep9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)",
"text": "In a bid to start drawing larger crowds, Newcastle East End decided to adopt a new name in recognition of the merger."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Promotion and brief revival (2010–2016)",
"text": "The start of the 2011–12 season was very successful as they went on to enjoy one of their strongest openings to a season, playing 11 consecutive games unbeaten."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)",
"text": "At the start of the 1893–94 season, Newcastle United were once again refused entry to the First Division and so joined the Second Division, along with Liverpool and Woolwich Arsenal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Promotion and brief revival (2010–2016)",
"text": "Under Hughton, Newcastle enjoyed a strong start to the 2010–11 season, but he was sacked on 6 December 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Into the Premier League and near-title misses (1992–2006)",
"text": "Graeme Souness was brought in to manage by the start of the 2004–05 season."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Into the Premier League and near-title misses (1992–2006)",
"text": "However, he was sacked in February 2006 after a bad start to the club's 2005–06 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Colours and badge",
"text": "Newcastle's current kit manufacturers are Puma, in a deal that started in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Its lease was then bought by Newcastle East End F.C. in 1892, before they changed their name to Newcastle United."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Sale, relegation and decline (2006–2010)",
"text": "Allardyce departed the club on in January 2008 by mutual consent after a bad start to the 2007–08 season, and Kevin Keegan was reappointed as Newcastle manager."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Bouncing between divisions (1969–1992)",
"text": "Smith left at the start of the 1991–92 season and the board appointed Osvaldo Ardiles his replacement."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and early history (1881–1903)",
"text": "The origins of Newcastle United Football Club itself can be traced back to the formation of a football club by the Stanley Cricket Club of Byker in November 1881."
}
] |
Newcastle United started on 1880 and has continued to have the same name since it started.
| 0 | 0 |
Newcastle United F.C.
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.