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NOCAT
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Born in Nashville, Tennessee, Stearnes acquired his nickname at an early age from his unusual running style."
}
] |
NXDICCLg3ALk3cXbl7fm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The 175-pound Stearnes was a fast baserunner despite his awkward-looking running form, and was one of the best outfielders of his generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Norman Thomas \"Turkey\" Stearnes (May 8, 1901 – September 4, 1979) was an American baseball outfielder in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Born in Nashville, Tennessee, Stearnes acquired his nickname at an early age from his unusual running style."
}
] |
Norman got his alias because of the way his neck looks.
| 2 | 5 |
Turkey Stearnes
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He dropped out of high school to enter the printer's trade, learning to operate a linotype machine."
}
] |
NXTUiZAB6esVWdw27X0O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "On a hit and run play, the Browns' Ray Demmitt ran past second base as Shoeless Joe Jackson made a catch in deep left field off the bat of Joe Gedeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He then had a salary disagreement with team owner Charles Comiskey, and left the White Sox to become a player-coach with the New York Giants in 1929, but appeared in only five games before retiring as a player at the age of 36."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Schalk was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Before Schalk, most catchers were large and slow of foot."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics and legacy",
"text": "Schalk helped revolutionize the way the catcher's position was played."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Schalk was portrayed by Gordon Clapp in the 1988 film Eight Men Out."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Harvel, Illinois to German immigrant parents, Schalk grew up in Litchfield, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "One time, a policeman refused to let him into the locker room at Comiskey Park, mistaking Schalk for a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "The White Sox fell to sixth place in the 1918 season, however, as Schalk batted only .219.They rebounded in 1919 to recapture the American League pennant, with Schalk hitting a career-high .282 and leading the league in putouts for a seventh consecutive season."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Schalk made his major league debut the day before his twentieth birthday on August 11, 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He dropped out of high school to enter the printer's trade, learning to operate a linotype machine."
}
] |
Ray Schalk left his studies to work selling printing materials.
| 0 | 5 |
Ray Schalk
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away."
}
] |
NXVBflGgOQUwIe5YeosW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "The Greenback Party of 1876 drew the support almost exclusively from farmers — few urban workmen cast ballots for the Greenback ticket."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Development",
"text": "The town of Greenback, Tennessee, was named after the Greenback Party about 1882.The party seems to have made use of slightly different official names in some states, with the organization appearing on the ballot in the November 1880"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Background",
"text": "About $44 million in greenback currency was successfully withdrawn from circulation before a recession in 1867 helped fuel opposition in Congress to the deflationary redemption program."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | The 1873 economic crisis and the response",
"text": "Runs began on banks, causing a series of bank failures, and manufacturers shuttered their production, laying off workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Background",
"text": "In December runs on deposits began in New York City, forcing banks there to disburse a substantial part of their hard metal reserves."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Decline and dissolution",
"text": "With the failure of the convention, the Greenback Party ceased to exist."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "The group nominated a slate for statewide office, running on a platform which called for expansion of the national currency. (In Wisconsin in the same year, a short-lived Reform Party, also called Liberal Reform Party or People's Reform Party, a coalition of Democrats, reform-minded Republicans, and Grangers secured the election of William Robert Taylor as Governor of Wisconsin for a two-year term, as well as a number of state legislators, but it never formed a coherent organization.) The Indiana Independent organization cast its eyes upon a broader existence the following year, issuing a convention call in August 1874 urging all \"greenback men\" to assemble at Indianapolis in November to form a new national political party."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Development",
"text": "They would meet again in Cleveland to formally launch the Greenback Party in 1875."
}
] |
The Greenback Party did run in four ballots before disappearing.
| 0 | 2 |
Greenback Party
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "McClintock published the first genetic map for maize in 1931, showing the order of three genes on maize chromosome 9."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She produced the first genetic map for maize, linking regions of the chromosome to physical traits."
}
] |
NXcjkCcCTmvGP7LmBCww
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "She was awarded 14 Honorary Doctor of Science degrees and an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Rediscovery",
"text": "McClintock understood the role of transposons in evolution and genome change well before other researchers grasped the concept."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "McClintock published the first genetic map for maize in 1931, showing the order of three genes on maize chromosome 9."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She produced the first genetic map for maize, linking regions of the chromosome to physical traits."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The scientists depicted were Barbara McClintock, John von Neumann, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Richard Feynman."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Discovery of controlling elements",
"text": "She also identified \"families\" of transposons, which did not interact with one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Rediscovery",
"text": "One must await the right time for conceptual change."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Discovery of controlling elements",
"text": "McClintock's discovery challenged the concept of the genome as a static set of instructions passed between generations."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Rediscovery",
"text": "Ac is a complete transposon that can produce a functional transposase, which is required for the element to move within the genome."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock was one of the 1st people to map the human genome.
| 0 | 0 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga was founded in April 2007 by Mark Pincus, Eric Schiermeyer, Justin Waldron, Michael Luxton, Steve Schoettler, and Andrew Trader under the name Presidio Media."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zynga Inc. is an American social game developer running social video game services and founded in April 2007 with headquarters in San Francisco, California, United States."
}
] |
NYFaGngdA9FKZfDatKXh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Board games",
"text": "As of 2012, Zynga's list of available games includes board game versions of Draw Something, a CityVille edition of Monopoly, Words with Friends, and several kids' \"Animal Games\" based on FarmVille."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate culture",
"text": "Zynga's culinary program is based on friends cooking for friends, including the menu planning and cooking process."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In February 2010, Farmville had over 80 million players, and on May 18, 2010, Facebook and Zynga entered into a five-year relationship to expand the use of Facebook Credits in Zynga's games."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | In-game sign-up",
"text": "Through 2009, Zynga let players earn in-game rewards for signing up for credit cards or for a video-rental membership."
},
{
"section_header": "Zynga.org",
"text": "In 2009, Zynga started a nonprofit organization, Zynga.org, in charge of incorporating charitable contributions into its games such as FarmVille."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and controversies | Intellectual property infringement",
"text": "\"Zynga founder Mark Pincus has dismissed the criticisms, saying that competing video game makers have always released similar titles for each genre of game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zynga Inc. is an American social game developer running social video game services and founded in April 2007 with headquarters in San Francisco, California, United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | In-game sign-up",
"text": "In early November 2009, it was estimated that about one-third of Zynga's revenue came from companies that provide legitimate commercial offers, such as trading Netflix memberships and marketing surveys for in-game cash."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model",
"text": "In March 2010 Zynga started selling pre-paid cards in the US for virtual currency."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model",
"text": "In June, 2012 Zynga started running Facebook advertisements and sponsored stories on its website."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga was founded in April 2007 by Mark Pincus, Eric Schiermeyer, Justin Waldron, Michael Luxton, Steve Schoettler, and Andrew Trader under the name Presidio Media."
}
] |
Zynga's is a Canadian video game company started by five college friends.
| 0 | 0 |
Zynga
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Boston Massacre was a confrontation on March 5, 1770 in which British soldiers shot and killed several people while being harassed by a mob in Boston."
}
] |
NYGFU2URBF0o2aNMOjlj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Contribution to American Revolution",
"text": "The Boston Massacre is considered one of the most significant events that turned colonial sentiment against King George III and British Parliamentary authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemorations",
"text": "In 1888, the Boston Massacre Monument was erected on the Boston Common in memory of the men killed in the massacre, and the five victims were reinterred in a prominent grave in the Granary Burying Ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Boston Massacre was a confrontation on March 5, 1770 in which British soldiers shot and killed several people while being harassed by a mob in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Media battle",
"text": "A Short Narrative of the Horrid Massacre was published under the auspices of the Boston town meeting, principally written by James Bowdoin, a member of the governor's council and a vocal opponent of British colonial policy, along with Samuel Pemberton and Joseph Warren."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Boston was the capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and an important shipping town, and it was also a center of resistance to unpopular acts of taxation by the British Parliament in the 1760s."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Investigation",
"text": "\" The 14th was transferred to Castle Island without incident about a week later, with the 29th following shortly after, leaving the governor without effective means to police the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Given the unstable state of affairs in Massachusetts, Hillsborough instructed General Thomas Gage, Commander-in-Chief, North America, to send \"such Force as You shall think necessary to Boston\", and the first of four British Army regiments began disembarking in Boston on October 1, 1768."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Media battle",
"text": "The Boston Gazette's version of events, for example, characterized the massacre as part of an ongoing scheme to \"quell a Spirit of Liberty\", and harped on the negative consequences of quartering troops in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Contribution to American Revolution",
"text": "Christopher Monk was the boy who was wounded in the attack and died in 1780, and his memory was honored as a reminder of British hostility."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Trials",
"text": "This however is no Reason why the Town should not call the Action of that Night a Massacre, nor is it any Argument in favour of the Governor or Minister, who caused them to be sent here."
}
] |
The Boston Massacre was an event were 20 men died by the police in a revolt with the town folk and the British Army.
| 0 | 0 |
Boston Massacre
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Youngs was a part of the Giants teams that won four consecutive National League pennants and the 1921 and 1922 World Series."
}
] |
NYvbyIUafn2Kgat2SOCh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "In Game 3 of the 1921 World Series Youngs became the first player to record two hits in the same inning of a World Series game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Youngs was a part of the Giants teams that won four consecutive National League pennants and the 1921 and 1922 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "During his tenure with the team, the Giants went to the World Series four consecutive years (1921–1924) and won twice (1921, 1922)."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "He finished the regular season ninth in the NL in OBP (.398) and tied for ninth in stolen bases (17), proceeding to hit .375 in the 1922 World Series as the Giants again defeated the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Youngs batted .356 in the 1923 World Series, which the Giants lost to the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Youngs slumped to a .185 batting average during the 1924 World Series, which the Giants lost to the Washington Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "In the final series of this season, the Giants were playing the Philadelphia Phillies at the Polo Grounds and battling for the pennant with the Brooklyn Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ford C. Frick, Commissioner of Baseball, and former teammate Bill Terry both championed Youngs' candidacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ross Middlebrook \"Pep\" Youngs (April 10, 1897 – October 22, 1927) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "Youngs hit for the cycle on April 29, 1922."
}
] |
Ross became a World Series champion after playing in the 1921 and 1922 tournament.
| 2 | 9 |
Ross Youngs
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pennock died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1948; he was posthumously inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame later that year."
}
] |
NZF9G4cIH7tbMTS6YxQD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball from 1912 through 1933, and is best known for his time spent with the star-studded New York Yankee teams of the mid to late 1920s and early 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Herbert Jefferis Pennock (February 10, 1894 – January 30, 1948) was an American professional baseball pitcher and front-office executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pennock died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1948; he was posthumously inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame later that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "In 1948, at the age of 53, one week and four days before his 54th birthday, Pennock collapsed in the lobby of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel as a result of a cerebral hemorrhage."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "He led the AL in walks per nine innings pitched in 1930 (1.151) and 1931 (1.426)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pennock attended Westtown School and Cedarcroft Boarding School, where he played for the baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herb was the youngest of four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "During the pennant race, The Sporting News called Pennock the \"best left-hander in the majors\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Pennock's 277 innings pitched and 1.220 walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP) ratio led the AL in the 1925 season, while his 2.96 ERA was second-best, behind Stan Coveleski."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "The New York chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America named him their player of the year."
}
] |
Herb Pennock was an American professional baseball pitcher and front-office executive best known for his time spent with the star-studded New York Yankee teams of the mid to late 1920s and early 1930s died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1948.
| 0 | 0 |
Herb Pennock
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a 1992 romantic drama film based upon the 1910 novel of the same name by E. M. Forster, a story of class relations in turn-of-the-20th-century Britain."
}
] |
NaIr3F88sEchzVTp1jVM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \"A superbly-mounted adaptation of E.M. Forster's tale of British class tension, with exceptional performances all round, Howards End ranks among the best of Merchant-Ivory's work."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "On 5 June 2005, Roger Ebert included it on his list of \"Great Movies\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "Howards End was the first title distributed by this new division."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming locations",
"text": "The \"Howards End\" house in the countryside is Peppard Cottage in Rotherfield Peppard, Oxfordshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A year later, Paul, Evie, and Charles's wife Dolly gather at Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret and Henry marry, with the pair arranging to use Howards End as storage for Margaret and her siblings' belongings."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "Merchant-Ivory encountered difficulty securing funding for Howards End, the budget of which stood at $8 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End was entered as an official selection for the Cannes International Film Festival and won the 45th Anniversary Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Hearing that the lease on the Schlegels' house is due to expire, Ruth on her death bed bequeaths Howards End to Margaret."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ruth is descended from English yeoman stock, and it is through her family that the Wilcoxes have come to own Howards End, a house she loves dearly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a 1992 romantic drama film based upon the 1910 novel of the same name by E. M. Forster, a story of class relations in turn-of-the-20th-century Britain."
}
] |
Howards End is a crime movie and is a true tale.
| 0 | 0 |
Howards End (film)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Nast (; German: [nast]; September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the \"Father of the American Cartoon\"."
}
] |
NafJxtXwTOYBo6USWAhG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Party politics",
"text": "Nast was for many years a staunch Republican."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Party politics",
"text": "Nast played important role during the presidential election in 1868, and Ulysses S. Grant attributed his victory to \"the sword of Sheridan and the pencil of Thomas Nast."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "The Thomas Nast Prize for editorial cartooning has been awarded by the Thomas Nast Foundation (located in Nast's birthplace of Landau, Germany) since 1978 when it was first given to Jeff MacNelly."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "Winners receive 1,300 Euros, a trip to Landau, and the Thomas Nast medal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "The American advisory committee includes Nast's descendant Thomas Nast III of Fort Worth, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Award",
"text": "The Thomas Nast Award has been presented each year since 1968 by the Overseas Press Club to an editorial cartoonist for the \"best cartoons on international affairs.\" Past winners include Signe Wilkinson, Kevin (KAL) Kallaugher, Mike Peters, Clay Bennett, Mike Luckovich, Tom Toles, Herbert Block, Tony Auth, Jeff MacNelly, Dick Locher, Jim Morin, Warren King, Tom Darcy, Don Wright and Patrick Chappatte."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "Other winners of the Thomas Nast Prize include Jim Borgman, Paul Szep, Pat Oliphant, David Levine, Jim Morin, and Tony Auth."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Museums",
"text": "Many pieces of his work can be found in various museums throughout the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In February 1860, he went to England for the New York Illustrated News to depict one of the major sporting events of the era, the prize fight between the American John C. Heenan and the English Thomas Sayers sponsored by George Wilkes, publisher of Wilkes' Spirit of the Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In September of that year, he married Sarah Edwards, whom he had met two years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Nast (; German: [nast]; September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the \"Father of the American Cartoon\"."
}
] |
Thomas Nast was an excellent shortstop in his many years of professionally playing the bat and ball sport.
| 0 | 0 |
Thomas Nast
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Java is the world's most populous island, where 58% of the country's population lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population."
}
] |
NamRfZHOyb1TrfbpJPEu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Issues",
"text": "This situation creates a gap in wealth, unemployment rate, and health between densely populated islands and economic centres (such as Sumatra and Java) and sparsely populated, disadvantaged areas (such as Maluku and Papua)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support one of the world's highest levels of biodiversity."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "However, the forests of the smaller, and more densely populated Java, have largely been removed for human habitation and agriculture."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Java is the world's most populous island, where 58% of the country's population lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "The earliest evidence of Islamized populations in the archipelago dates to the 13th century in northern Sumatra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It consists of more than seventeen thousand islands, including Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, and New Guinea (Papua)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "A string of volcanoes runs through Sumatra, Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara, and then to the Banda Islands of Maluku to northeastern Sulawesi."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "The islands of the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Bali) were once linked to mainland Asia, and have a wealth of Asian fauna."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups and languages",
"text": "Another major grouping is the Melanesians, who inhabit eastern Indonesia (the Maluku Islands and Western New Guinea).The Javanese are the largest ethnic group, constituting 40.2% of the population, and are politically dominant."
}
] |
Indonesia has the Earth's most densely populated island, Sumatra.
| 1 | 1 |
Indonesia
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2012–present",
"text": "The film is based on the real-life Bling Ring robberies, with Watson playing a fictionalised version of Alexis Neiers, a television personality who was one of seven teenagers involved in the robberies."
}
] |
NbUIQbNmHSScPf6hZ0RF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Modelling and fashion",
"text": "Draped in an Elie Saab haute couture design donated to Tussauds by the designer, Nicole Fenner stated, \"Emma is one of the most requested personalities by our guests."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–2011: Harry Potter and other roles",
"text": "Watson won the inaugural National Movie Award for Best Female Performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2012–present",
"text": "That same month, she was one of two British actors to land atop a readers' poll of the sexiest movie stars of 2013, beating Scarlett Johansson and Jennifer Lawrence for the actresses' title in an online poll of more than 50,000 film fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson (born 15 April 1990) is an English actress, model, and activist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Emma Charlotte Duerre Watson was born on 15 April 1990 in Paris, France, to English lawyers Jacqueline Luesby and Chris Watson."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Women's rights work",
"text": "One book is selected per month and is discussed in the last week of that month."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2012–present",
"text": "The film is based on the real-life Bling Ring robberies, with Watson playing a fictionalised version of Alexis Neiers, a television personality who was one of seven teenagers involved in the robberies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–2011: Harry Potter and other roles",
"text": "She also appeared in a music video for One Night Only, after meeting lead singer George Craig at the 2010 Winter/Summer Burberry advertising campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2012–present",
"text": "Watson also had a supporting role in the apocalyptic comedy"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Modelling and fashion",
"text": "Watson will chair Kering's sustainability committee."
}
] |
In one of her movies, Emma Watson portrayed a thief.
| 2 | 5 |
Emma Watson
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Eminem spent much of his youth in a working-class, primarily black, Detroit neighborhood."
}
] |
NbVdVpHJsBpWW4bOnPSb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Acting career",
"text": "He said it was a representation of growing up in Detroit rather than an account of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1988–1997: Early career, Infinite and family struggles",
"text": "Later in 1996, Eminem and Proof teamed up with four other rappers to form The Dirty Dozen (D12), who released their first album Devil's Night in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (; often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Shady Records",
"text": "Eminem signed his Detroit collective, D12, and rapper Obie Trice to the label and signed 50 Cent in a 2002 joint venture with Dr. Dre's Aftermath label."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is also known for collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5'9\"; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Collaborations and productions",
"text": "He has produced songs for other rappers, such as Jadakiss' \" Welcome To D-Block\", Jay-Z's \"Renegade\" and \"Moment of Clarity\", Lloyd Banks' \" On Fire\", \"Warrior Part 2\" and \"Hands Up\", Tony Yayo's \"Drama Setter\", Trick-Trick's \"Welcome 2 Detroit\", and Xzibit's \"My Name\" and \"Don't Approach Me\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Credited for popularizing hip hop to a Middle American audience, Eminem's unprecedented global commercial success and acclaimed works for a white rapper is widely recognized for breaking racial barriers for the acceptance of white rappers in popular music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2000–2002: The Marshall Mathers LP, lyrical conflicts and The Eminem Show",
"text": "In 2001 Eminem appeared in the Up in Smoke Tour with rappers Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Xzibit and Ice Cube and the Family Values Tour with Limp Bizkit, headlining the Anger Management Tour with Papa Roach, Ludacris and Xzibit."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Allegations of homophobia",
"text": "Eminem: Yeah, this scene I came up in."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "With African Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans developing the hip hop art form, Eminem's undisputed regard as one of the greatest rappers of all time and his prominence in a form of black music has led to him being regarded as an important figure of 21st century popular music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Eminem spent much of his youth in a working-class, primarily black, Detroit neighborhood."
}
] |
Eminem is an American rapper that grew up in the Detroit area.
| 1 | 5 |
Eminem
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy | United States",
"text": "Lady Chatterley's Lover was banned for obscenity in the United States in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | British obscenity trial",
"text": "When the full unexpurgated edition was published by Penguin Books in Britain in 1960, the trial of Penguin under the Obscene Publications Act 1959 was a major public event and a test of the new obscenity law."
}
] |
NbmGoCovbxqaOqzb8khK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy | United States",
"text": "It is most damnable! It is written by a man with a diseased mind and a soul so black that he would obscure even the darkness of hell!\"A 1955 French film version based on the novel and released by Kingsley Pictures"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Mind and body",
"text": "These dissatisfactions lead them into a relationship that builds very slowly and is based upon tenderness, physical passion and mutual respect."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television",
"text": "starring Danielle Darrieux, was banned in the United States because it \"promoted adultery\", but was released in 1959 after the Supreme Court reversed that decision."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "Despite her attempts to obtain the copyright for Harte to have his play staged in the 1950s, Baron Philippe de Rothschild did not relinquish the dramatic rights until his film version was released in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Standard editions",
"text": "The First and Second Lady Chatterley Novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Love and personal relationships are the threads that bind this novel together."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot introduction",
"text": "The novel is about Constance's realization that she cannot live with the mind alone; she must also be alive physically."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Mind and body",
"text": "She described the novel as \"a book of great libertarian energy and heteroerotic beauty\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "An edition of the novel was published in Britain in 1932 by Martin Secker; reviewing it in The Observer"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "It was the only D.H. Lawrence novel ever to be staged, and his dramatisation was the only one to be read and approved by Lawrence's widow, Frieda."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | United States",
"text": "Lady Chatterley's Lover was banned for obscenity in the United States in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | British obscenity trial",
"text": "When the full unexpurgated edition was published by Penguin Books in Britain in 1960, the trial of Penguin under the Obscene Publications Act 1959 was a major public event and a test of the new obscenity law."
}
] |
The novel was uncontroversial upon release.
| 0 | 0 |
Lady Chatterley's Lover
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Fatalities",
"text": "Dubai police confirmed the act as a suicide, reporting that \"[they] also came to know that the man decided to commit suicide as his company refused to grant leave."
}
] |
NboopzrP6wCfo7MSyCnj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Fatalities",
"text": "Within 17 months of the building's official opening, a man described as \"an Asian in his mid-30s\" who worked at one of the companies in the tower, died by suicide on 10 May 2011 by jumping from the 147th floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "Tickets start at 135 AED, or US$36.75."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Fatalities",
"text": "Dubai police confirmed the act as a suicide, reporting that \"[they] also came to know that the man decided to commit suicide as his company refused to grant leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Fatalities",
"text": "Emails obtained under the Freedom of Information act from Portugal's embassy in the UAE also confirmed that she had committed suicide from the 148th floor of the Burj Khalifa."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Labour controversy",
"text": "During construction, only one construction-related death was reported."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Several suicides were reported."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | Fatalities",
"text": "\"The Daily Mail reported that on 16 November 2014, a Portuguese national who was in Dubai on a tourist visa, fell to her death from Burj Khalifa's \"At the Top\" observation deck on the 148th floor."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Some scenes of the 2011 American action film Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol were shot on and in the Burj Khalifa, during which Tom Cruise's character Ethan Hunt climbs on the outside of the building to sneak from one hotel room into another."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Window cleaning",
"text": "Under normal conditions, when all building maintenance units are operational, it takes 36 workers three to four months to clean the entire exterior."
},
{
"section_header": "Other uses | Climbing",
"text": "On 28 March 2011, Alain \"Spiderman\" Robert scaled the outside of Burj Khalifa."
}
] |
A man committed suicide on May 10, 2011 by falling over thirty floors to his death after he was not allowed to take a vacation.
| 2 | 4 |
Burj Khalifa
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "She has run-ins with the unpleasant Pye sisters, Gertie and Josie, and frequent domestic \"scrapes\" such as dyeing her hair green while intending to dye it black, and accidentally getting Diana drunk by giving her what she thinks is raspberry cordial but which turns out to be currant wine."
}
] |
Nbqnja4DjCnWJWIhvnyu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Anne's friends/classmates",
"text": "By the end of the book however, they reconcile and become good friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Green Gables household",
"text": "The two become fast friends, and he is the first person who has ever shown Anne unconditional love."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "She has run-ins with the unpleasant Pye sisters, Gertie and Josie, and frequent domestic \"scrapes\" such as dyeing her hair green while intending to dye it black, and accidentally getting Diana drunk by giving her what she thinks is raspberry cordial but which turns out to be currant wine."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Anne's friends/classmates",
"text": "Anne admires Diana for being pretty with black hair and flawless complexion and for her amiable disposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (live action)",
"text": "It was followed by Anne of Green Gables: The Good Stars and Anne of Green Gables: Fire & Dew (both in 2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism and merchandising",
"text": "In 2014, the Asadora 'Hanako to Anne', which was about Hanako Muraoka, the first person to translate Anne into Japanese, was broadcast and Anne became popular among old and young alike."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Anne's friends/classmates",
"text": "Anne and Diana become best friends from the moment they meet."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Green Gables household",
"text": "Anne's bleak early childhood was spent being shuttled from orphanage to foster homes, caring for younger children."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Out of devotion to Marilla and Green Gables, Anne gives up the scholarship to stay at home and help Marilla, whose eyesight is failing."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Anne's friends/classmates",
"text": "Ruby Gillis: Another of Anne's friends."
}
] |
In the book, Anne believes she is being a good person when she gives her friend alcohol.
| 2 | 2 |
Anne of Green Gables
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Nicknames",
"text": "Seattle's official nickname is the \"Emerald City\", the result of a contest held in 1981; the reference is to the lush evergreen forests of the area."
}
] |
NbysT1uFE64Sg6kvlWFm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Meanwhile, 6% of the residents in Seattle call themselves agnostics, while 10% call themselves atheists."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "Seattle successfully applied for a new expansion team with the National Hockey League called the Seattle Kraken, which will make its first appearance in 2021."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "All city offices are officially non-partisan."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Health systems",
"text": "In 1974, a 60 Minutes story on the success of the then four-year-old Medic One paramedic system called Seattle \"the best place in the world to have a heart"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Incorporations",
"text": "The name \"Seattle\" appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23, 1853, when the first plats for the village were filed."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Although local elections are nonpartisan, most of the city's elected officials are known to be Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "By the time the first European settlers arrived, the people (subsequently called the Duwamish tribe) occupied at least seventeen villages in the areas around Elliott Bay."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "This 2012 moderate snow event was officially the 12th snowiest calendar day at the airport since 1948 and snowiest since November 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "With official records dating to 1948, the largest single-day snowfall is 20.0 in (51 cm) on January 13, 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Nicknames",
"text": "Seattle's official nickname is the \"Emerald City\", the result of a contest held in 1981; the reference is to the lush evergreen forests of the area."
}
] |
Seattle is called officially "Forest City".
| 0 | 0 |
Seattle
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Einstein ( EYEN-styne; German: [ˈalbɛʁt ˈʔaɪnʃtaɪn] (listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics)."
}
] |
NcXqQkOttbm9HTntbiEi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Marriages and children",
"text": "Their son Eduard was born in Zürich in July 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Marriages and children",
"text": "In May 1904, their son Hans Albert Einstein was born in Bern, Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life and education",
"text": "Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire, on 14 March 1879."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The son of a salesman who later operated an electrochemical factory, Einstein was born in the German Empire but moved to Switzerland in 1895 and renounced his German citizenship in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Marriages and children",
"text": "Early correspondence between Einstein and Marić was discovered and published in 1987 which revealed that the couple had a daughter named \"Lieserl\", born in early 1902 in Novi Sad where Marić was staying with her parents."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Einstein ( EYEN-styne; German: [ˈalbɛʁt ˈʔaɪnʃtaɪn] (listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1933: Immigration to the US | Refugee status",
"text": "In a subsequent letter to physicist and friend Max Born, who had already emigrated from Germany to England, Einstein wrote, \"... I must confess that the degree of their brutality and cowardice came as something of a surprise.\" After moving to the US, he described the book burnings as a \"spontaneous emotional outburst\" by those who \"shun popular enlightenment\", and \"more than anything else in the world, fear the influence of men of intellectual independence\"."
}
] |
Einstein was born in Poland.
| 2 | 2 |
Albert Einstein
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Selected substances | Air",
"text": "Under standard atmospheric conditions (25 °C and pressure of 1 bar), the dynamic viscosity of air is 18.5 μPa·s, roughly 50 times smaller than the viscosity of water at the same temperature."
}
] |
NdDvbkfkdpjAnW0GdK3d
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Measurement",
"text": "In coating industries, viscosity may be measured with a cup in which the efflux time is measured."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement",
"text": "Vibrating viscometers can also be used to measure viscosity."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement",
"text": "Volume viscosity can be measured with an acoustic rheometer."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement",
"text": "Viscosity is measured with various types of viscometers and rheometers."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement",
"text": "This dissipated energy is then measured and converted into a viscosity reading."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement",
"text": "Extensional viscosity can be measured with various rheometers that apply extensional stress."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement",
"text": "One of the most common instruments for measuring kinematic viscosity is the glass capillary viscometer."
},
{
"section_header": "Molecular origins | Pure liquids",
"text": "In general, empirically derived expressions (based on existing viscosity measurements) appear to be the only consistently reliable means of calculating viscosity in liquids."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement",
"text": "As the surface of the sensor shears through the liquid, energy is lost due to its viscosity."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement",
"text": "A rheometer is used for those fluids that cannot be defined by a single value of viscosity and therefore require more parameters to be set and measured than is the case for a viscometer."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected substances | Air",
"text": "Under standard atmospheric conditions (25 °C and pressure of 1 bar), the dynamic viscosity of air is 18.5 μPa·s, roughly 50 times smaller than the viscosity of water at the same temperature."
}
] |
Viscosity can only be measured in it's liquid form.
| 3 | 6 |
Viscosity
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "When the American Revolutionary War started in 1775, Ethan Allen and a troop of his men, along with Connecticut Colonel Benedict Arnold, marched up to Lake Champlain and captured the strategically important British military posts at Fort Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Fort George, all in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys disbanded more than a year before Vermont declared its independence in 1777 from Great Britain \"as a separate, free and independent jurisdiction or state\"."
}
] |
NdRgWSvOddMSlFeZ0wEZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The original Green Mountain Boys were a militia organized in what is now southwestern Vermont in the decade prior to the American Revolutionary War."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "When the American Revolutionary War started in 1775, Ethan Allen and a troop of his men, along with Connecticut Colonel Benedict Arnold, marched up to Lake Champlain and captured the strategically important British military posts at Fort Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Fort George, all in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some companies served in the American Revolutionary War, including notably when the Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen captured Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain on May 10, 1775; and invaded Canada later in 1775."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys disbanded more than a year before Vermont declared its independence in 1777 from Great Britain \"as a separate, free and independent jurisdiction or state\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The regiment was disbanded in 1779.The Green Mountain Boys mustered again during the War of 1812, the Civil War, the Spanish–American War, the Vietnam War, the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War."
},
{
"section_header": "Vermont National Guard",
"text": "Both units use the original Green Mountain Boys battle flag as their banner."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Although Vermont initially supported the American Revolutionary War and sent troops to fight John Burgoyne's British invasion from Quebec in battles at Hubbardton and Bennington in 1777, Vermont eventually adopted a more neutral stance and became a haven for deserters from both the British and colonial armies."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Vermont Army version of the Green Mountain Boys faded away after Vermont joined the United States as the 14th U.S. state in 1791, although the Green Mountain Boys mustered for the War of 1812, The Civil War, the Spanish–American War, and following World War I as the Vermont National Guard."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Some of the Green Mountain Boys preferred to stick with Ethan Allen and were captured along with Allen in August 1775 in a bungled attempt to capture the city of Montreal."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys later formed the basis of the Vermont militia that selected Seth Warner as its leader."
}
] |
The original Green Mountain Boys, a militia in Vermont prior to the American Revolutionary War, disbanded in 1779, but not before employing strategic tactics to capture significant British stations.
| 0 | 0 |
Green Mountain Boys
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Drake's parents divorced when he was five years old."
}
] |
Ne4fP39ZFsrAzI06xv9O
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After the divorce, he and his mother remained in Toronto, while his father returned to Memphis, where he was incarcerated for a number of years on drug-related charges."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Career beginnings",
"text": "When asked about his early acting career, Drake replied, \"My mother was very sick."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–2015: Nothing Was the Same and If You're Reading This It's Too Late",
"text": "The Catch Up\" as a non-album single."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Drake's mother, Sandra \"Sandi\" Graham (née Sher), is an Ashkenazi Jewish Canadian who worked as an English teacher and florist."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Fatherhood",
"text": "Drake is a father to one son named Adonis, who was born on October 11, 2017 to French artist Sophie Brussaux."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Graham claimed in an interview that Drake's assertions of him being an absent father were embellishments used to sell records, which Drake vehemently denies."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Feuds",
"text": "This prompted Drake to respond with two diss tracks, titled \"Charged Up\" and \"Back to Back\", in the space of four days."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Career beginnings",
"text": "Degrassi: The Next GenerationAt age 15, eager to begin as an actor, a high school friend introduced Drake to his father, an acting agent."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: What a Time to Be Alive, Views and More Life",
"text": "Drake hosted the first annual NBA Awards on June 26, and starred in multiple commercials alongside his father in promotion of Virginia Black."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style",
"text": "He credits his father with the introduction of singing into his rap mixtapes, which have become a staple in his musical repertoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Drake's parents divorced when he was five years old."
}
] |
Drake grew up with his mother and father.
| 1 | 5 |
Drake (musician)
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He died at age 80 in Palm Bay."
}
] |
NeJut2tZT8kFE1dXaNfk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dandridge lived for a while in Buffalo, New York, before he and his family returned to Richmond."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He lived his final years in Palm Bay, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also realized that he had been treated well by club owner Jorge Pasquel, who was paying him $10,000 per season plus living expenses."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dandridge was born in Richmond, Virginia, to Archie and Alberta Thompson Dandridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Dandridge was also a tutor to the young Willie Mays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, Dandridge was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and, late in his life, Dandridge was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dandridge excelled as a third baseman and he hit for a high batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the time that Major League Baseball was racially integrated, Dandridge was considered too old to play."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Monte Irvin, who played both in the Negro leagues and the major leagues and saw every great fielding third baseman of two generations, said that Dandridge was the greatest of them all, adding that Dandridge almost never committed more than two errors in a season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Dandridge was one of the greatest fielders in the history of baseball, and one of the sport's greatest hitters for average."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He died at age 80 in Palm Bay."
}
] |
Ray Dandridge lived into his eighties.
| 2 | 4 |
Ray Dandridge
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball activities",
"text": "Following his playing career, Brett became a vice president of the Royals and has worked as a part-time coach, as a special instructor in spring training, as an interim batting coach, and as a minor league instructor dispatched to help prospects develop."
}
] |
NfAJjqsKC4kw7U3dxQ2g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Mendoza Line",
"text": "George Brett is credited with coining the term the Mendoza Line."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | 1986–1993",
"text": "But his manager, former teammate John Wathan, encouraged him to stick it out."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | Pine Tar Incident",
"text": "Enraged, Brett charged out of the dugout directly toward McClelland, and had to be physically restrained by two umpires and Royals manager Dick Howser."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | 1974",
"text": "Spending the All-Star break working together, Lau taught Brett how to protect the entire plate and cover up some holes in his swing that experienced big-league pitchers were exploiting."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball activities",
"text": "Following his playing career, Brett became a vice president of the Royals and has worked as a part-time coach, as a special instructor in spring training, as an interim batting coach, and as a minor league instructor dispatched to help prospects develop."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "His number was the second number retired in Royals history, preceded by former Royals manager, Dick Howser (No. 10), in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "George grew up hoping to follow in the footsteps of his three older brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | 1980",
"text": "For the three hot months of June, July, and August 1980, George Brett played in 60 American League games and hit .459 (111–242), most of it after a return from a monthlong injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although his three older brothers were born in Brooklyn, George was born in the northern panhandle of West Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | Pine Tar Incident",
"text": "After the home run, Yankees manager Billy Martin cited to the umpires a rule, stating that any foreign substance on a bat could extend no further than 18 inches from the knob."
}
] |
George Brett worked as a manager for the Royals.
| 2 | 4 |
George Brett
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 television series with the most Facebook likes found that like most other zombie series, The Walking Dead \"is most popular in rural areas, particularly southern Texas and eastern Kentucky\"."
}
] |
NfdCPPOWhoYpyx91OlxZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Ratings",
"text": "In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 television series with the most Facebook likes found that like most other zombie series, The Walking Dead \"is most popular in rural areas, particularly southern Texas and eastern Kentucky\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The Walking Dead has featured a large rotating ensemble cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "Fear the Walking Dead is a companion series to The Walking Dead, developed by AMC."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Parodies and spoofs",
"text": "Due to its popularity, The Walking Dead has inspired dozens of parodies and spoofs featured on YouTube channels like Bad Lip Reading and television series such as Saturday Night Live and Mad TV."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Breach of contract suits",
"text": "Darabont's suit contends that when the series's popularity took off, AMC presented a license fee deal to Darabont around February 2011 that used \"an unconscionably low license fee formula\" such that AMC could report the series running at a loss and ensuring that Darabont would never see any profit from the series; as an example, the suit references statements in 2012, following the second season, that AMC claimed the series was running at a $49 million deficit, despite being one of the most popular series in broadcast."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "The fourth season of Fear the Walking Dead features a crossover with The Walking Dead, specifically through the character Morgan Jones (played by Lennie James) who joins the cast of Fear the Walking Dead after the events of the eighth season of The Walking Dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Walking Dead is produced by AMC Studios within the state of Georgia, with most filming taking place in the large outdoor spaces of Riverwood Studios near Senoia, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "The series starts at the onset of the zombie apocalypse, and follows several people that escape Los Angeles as the military attempts to quarantine the city, and seek refuge along the west coast of the United States and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "Fear the Walking Dead was first broadcast on August 23, 2015.Fear"
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise and spin-offs | Fear the Walking Dead",
"text": "the Walking Dead features a different set of characters, developed by Kirkman."
}
] |
The Walking Dead series is found to be most popular in large southern cities.
| 2 | 4 |
The Walking Dead (TV series)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1994–1998: Early work",
"text": "was cast opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet (1996), but she dropped out during rehearsals when studio executives found her too young for the role."
}
] |
NgSEsC9SxLVcVN92quV7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2015: Expansion and critical recognition",
"text": "She wanted to adapt the book since she first read it a decade ago, but postponed it until she was old enough to play the leading role of a mother herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Dickerson, James L. (2002). Natalie Portman: Queen of Hearts."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1999–2006: Star Wars, education, and transition to adult roles",
"text": "I'd rather be smart than a movie star."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Natalie Portman (born Neta-Lee Hershlag; June 9, 1981) is an actress and filmmaker with dual Israeli and American citizenship."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Background",
"text": "When Portman was 10 years old, a Revlon agent spotted her at a pizza restaurant and asked her to become a child model."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Dickerson, James L. (2012). Natalie Portman's Stark Reality: A Biography."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2015: Expansion and critical recognition",
"text": "Portman began 2007 by replacing Jodie Foster in Wong Kar-wai's romantic drama My Blueberry Nights, which was his first English-language film."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2016–present: Jackie and beyond",
"text": "She replaced the film's producer Reese Witherspoon, who backed out due to a scheduling conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2016–present: Jackie and beyond",
"text": "She won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2015: Expansion and critical recognition",
"text": "Ramsay did not turn up on set for the first day of filming and was eventually replaced with Gavin O'Connor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1994–1998: Early work",
"text": "was cast opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet (1996), but she dropped out during rehearsals when studio executives found her too young for the role."
}
] |
Natalie Portman was supposed to play Shakespeare's Juliet in a movie but was replaced because she didn't seem old enough.
| 0 | 0 |
Natalie Portman
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of Roy Neary, an everyday blue-collar worker in Indiana, whose life changes after an encounter with an unidentified flying object (UFO)."
}
] |
NgpXFJm56L67n7sLj1c1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "At one point the main character was a police officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind was selected as the #5 Best Sci-Fi Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "\"If we can talk to aliens in Close Encounters of the Third Kind\", he said, \"why not with the Reds in the Cold War?\" Sleeping is the final obstacle to overcome in the ascent of Devils Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title is derived from Ufologist J. Allen Hynek's classification of close encounters with aliens, in which the third kind denotes human observations of aliens or \"animate beings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\"I hung my story on the mood the song created, the way it affected me personally.\" During pre-production, the title was changed from Kingdom Come to Close Encounters of the Third Kind."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reissues and home media",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind: The Special Edition was released in August 1980, making a further $15.7 million, accumulating a final $303.7 million box office gross."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a 1977 American science fiction film written and directed by Steven Spielberg, and starring Richard Dreyfuss, Melinda Dillon, Teri Garr, Bob Balaban, Cary Guffey, and François Truffaut."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reissues and home media",
"text": "The LaserDisc release of the Collector's Edition also includes a new 101-minute documentary, The Making of Close Encounters, which was produced in 1997 and features interviews with Spielberg, the main cast and notable crew members."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of Roy Neary, an everyday blue-collar worker in Indiana, whose life changes after an encounter with an unidentified flying object (UFO)."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "It was satirized in the 200th issue of Mad, July 1978, by Stan Hart and Mort Drucker as Clod Encounters of the Absurd Kind."
}
] |
The main character "Roy Neary" of Close Encounters of the Third Kind is a white collar.
| 0 | 2 |
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Corinth (; Greek: Κόρινθος Kórinthos; Doric Greek: Ϙόρινθος Kórinthos) was a city-state (polis ) on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnese to the mainland of Greece, roughly halfway between Athens and Sparta."
}
] |
Nh274ChMRGacuBvvnpmL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and founding myths",
"text": "The Upper Peirene spring is located within the walls of the acropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The modern city of Corinth is located approximately 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) northeast of the ancient ruins."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Byzantine era",
"text": "Four churches were located in the city proper, another on the citadel of the Acrocorinth, and a monumental basilica at the port of Lechaion."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Roman era",
"text": "The city was an important locus for activities of the imperial cult, and both Temple E and the Julian Basilica have been suggested as locations of imperial cult activity."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic Corinth after the tyrants",
"text": "The Corinthians were also known for their wealth due to their strategic location on the isthmus, through which all land traffic had to pass en route to the Peloponnese, including messengers and traders."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Corinth",
"text": "In 1858, the village surrounding the ruins of Ancient Corinth was destroyed by an earthquake, leading to the establishment of New Corinth 3 km (1.9 mi) NE of the ancient city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth",
"text": "Pausanias took them to Corinth where they were put to death."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Corinth",
"text": "In 458 BC, Corinth was defeated by Athens at Megara."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Corinth under the Bacchiadae",
"text": "Corinth had been a backwater in 8th-century Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic Corinth after the tyrants",
"text": "BC).550 BC: Corinth allied with Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Corinth (; Greek: Κόρινθος Kórinthos; Doric Greek: Ϙόρινθος Kórinthos) was a city-state (polis ) on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnese to the mainland of Greece, roughly halfway between Athens and Sparta."
}
] |
Corinth was located in Europe.
| 0 | 3 |
Ancient Corinth
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Civil War years | Plot to kidnap Lincoln",
"text": "Booth had promised his mother at the outbreak of war that he would not enlist as a soldier, but he increasingly chafed at not fighting for the South, writing in a letter to her, \"I have begun to deem myself a coward and to despise my own existence.\" He began to formulate plans to kidnap Lincoln from his summer residence at the Old Soldiers Home, three miles (4.8 km) from the White House, and to smuggle him across the Potomac River and into Richmond, Virginia."
}
] |
NhPG3KfFi5LPLJP7Qo4S
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Theatrical career | 1860s",
"text": "Lincoln's sister-in-law was sitting with him in the same presidential box where he was later slain; she turned to him and said, \"Mr. Lincoln, he looks as if he meant that for you.\" The President replied, \"He does look pretty sharp at me, doesn't he?\" On another occasion, Lincoln's son Tad saw Booth perform."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and early life",
"text": "My Thoughts Be Bloody (2010) that the shame and ambition of Junius Brutus Booth's actor sons Edwin and John Wilkes eventually spurred them to strive for achievement and acclaim as rivals—Edwin as a Unionist and John Wilkes as the assassin of Abraham Lincoln."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatrical career | 1860s",
"text": "He said that the actor thrilled him, prompting Booth to give Tad a rose."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "In The Simpsons episode \" I Love Lisa\" (9F13) , Bart Simpson plays the part of John Wilkes Booth in a condensed version of Lincoln's assassination, and Lincoln is played by Milhouse Van Houten."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War years | Plot to kidnap Lincoln",
"text": "Booth later learned that Lincoln had changed his plans at the last moment to attend a reception at the National Hotel in Washington — where Booth was staying."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Film",
"text": "John Wilkes Booth is played by John Derek in the film Prince of Players (1955), a biography of Edwin Booth (played by Richard Burton)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and early life",
"text": "He was named after English radical politician John Wilkes, a distant relative."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War years",
"text": "In February 1865, Booth became infatuated with Lucy Lambert Hale, the daughter of U.S. Senator John P. Hale of New Hampshire, and they became secretly engaged when Booth received his mother's blessing for their marriage plans."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "Booth dies unrepentant. In the TV series Bones, Seeley Booth is said to be a descendant of John Wilkes Booth, according to Brennan, to his facial construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War years | Plot to kidnap Lincoln",
"text": "Booth had promised his mother at the outbreak of war that he would not enlist as a soldier, but he increasingly chafed at not fighting for the South, writing in a letter to her, \"I have begun to deem myself a coward and to despise my own existence.\" He began to formulate plans to kidnap Lincoln from his summer residence at the Old Soldiers Home, three miles (4.8 km) from the White House, and to smuggle him across the Potomac River and into Richmond, Virginia."
}
] |
John Wilkes Booth had a plan to kidnap Lincoln's son, Tad.
| 0 | 0 |
John Wilkes Booth
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "Finally he stops, exhausted, and claims he is dying."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "The play opens with Argan, a severe hypochondriac, going through the bill from his apothecary (the pharmacist) item by item."
}
] |
NiHzwOLQepAmbLWQx0pb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "However, they make up lies which are good enough to convince Argan the hypochondriac."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Imaginary Invalid or The Hypochondriac (French title Le malade imaginaire, [lə malad imaʒinɛːʁ]) is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions",
"text": "The American Conservatory Theater (San Francisco) produced \"The Imaginary Invalid\", an 'adaptation' by Constance Congdon, directed by Ron Lagomarsino, in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "The play opens with Argan, a severe hypochondriac, going through the bill from his apothecary (the pharmacist) item by item."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "He is sure that he is already dying."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "Finally he stops, exhausted, and claims he is dying."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "He is not convinced by Argan's claims about how sick he is."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Argan, a severe hypochondriac."
},
{
"section_header": "Audio recordings",
"text": "To date, this is the only English full-length recording of this play."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "Beralde then tries to convince his brother that since he has already fallen out with Purgon, he should consider a different marriage for his daughter."
}
] |
The play The Imaginary Invalid is about a hypochondriac who is convinced he is dying.
| 0 | 0 |
The Imaginary Invalid
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, Buxtehude is considered one of the most important composers in Germany of the mid-Baroque."
}
] |
NiZDVDmuVtfwxcW72qmL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recordings | Available media",
"text": "France HMC 901629 O Gottes Stadt (BuxWV 87),"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, Buxtehude is considered one of the most important composers in Germany of the mid-Baroque."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Preludes and toccatas",
"text": "The sections may be explicitly separated in the score or flow one into another, with one ending and the other beginning in the same bar."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lübeck: Marienkirche",
"text": "Buxtehude's last post, from 1668, was at the Marienkirche, Lübeck which had two organs, a large one for big services and a small one for devotionals and funerals."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Chorale settings",
"text": "They consist of around 3–4 variations of which only one may use the pedal."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Preludes and toccatas",
"text": "One of the notable exceptions is a fugue in BuxWV 145, which features a six-bar subject."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Preludes and toccatas",
"text": "The preludes begin almost invariably with a single motif in one of the voices which is then treated imitatively for a bar or two."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Preludes and toccatas",
"text": "The number of fugues in a prelude varies from one to three, not counting the pseudo-fugal free sections."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Other keyboard works",
"text": "It may be that the more developed harpsichord writing by Buxtehude simply did not survive: in his writings, Johann Mattheson mentioned a cycle of seven suites by Buxtehude, depicting the nature of planets, but these pieces are lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years in Denmark",
"text": "He is thought to have been born with the name Diderich Buxtehude."
}
] |
Buxtehude is renowned as one of the most influential song-smiths of France.
| 0 | 0 |
Dietrich Buxtehude
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Guinness served in the Royal Naval Reserve during the war and commanded a landing craft during the invasion of Sicily and Elba."
},
{
"section_header": "Postwar stage career",
"text": "Guinness returned to the Old Vic in 1946 and stayed until 1948, playing Abel Drugger in Ben Jonson's The Alchemist, the Fool in King Lear opposite Laurence Olivier in the title role, DeGuiche in Cyrano de Bergerac opposite Ralph Richardson in the title role, and finally starring in an Old Vic production as Shakespeare's Richard II."
}
] |
NihODjD8w76PdT5eBZfy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In his biography, Alec Guinness: The Unknown, Garry O'Connor reports that Guinness was arrested and fined 10 guineas (£10.50) for a homosexual act in a public lavatory in Liverpool in 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Guinness served in the Royal Naval Reserve during the war and commanded a landing craft during the invasion of Sicily and Elba."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War",
"text": "Guinness served in the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in the Second World War, initially as a seaman in 1941, before receiving a commission as a temporary Sub-lieutenant on 30 April 1942 and a promotion to Temporary Lieutenant the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Alec Guinness, (born Alec Guinness de Cuffe; 2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "While serving in the Royal Navy, Guinness had planned to become an Anglican priest."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Guinness was born Alec Guinness de Cuffe at 155 Lauderdale Mansions South, Lauderdale Road, Maida Vale in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On Guinness's birth certificate, his mother's name is given as Agnes de Cuffe; the infant's name (where first names only are placed) is given as Alec Guinness, and there are no details for the father."
},
{
"section_header": "Postwar stage career",
"text": "Guinness returned to the Old Vic in 1946 and stayed until 1948, playing Abel Drugger in Ben Jonson's The Alchemist, the Fool in King Lear opposite Laurence Olivier in the title role, DeGuiche in Cyrano de Bergerac opposite Ralph Richardson in the title role, and finally starring in an Old Vic production as Shakespeare's Richard II."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Star Wars",
"text": "In the DVD commentary of the original Star Wars, Lucas says that Guinness was not happy with the script rewrite in which Obi-Wan is killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Star Wars",
"text": "\" In his autobiography, Blessings in Disguise, Guinness tells an imaginary interviewer \"Blessed be Star Wars\", regarding the income it provided."
}
] |
Alec Guinness returned to acting after the serving in the war.
| 0 | 0 |
Alec Guinness
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His brother Moss later became a lawyer."
}
] |
NivTt5NphgElHESvmnGP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "While there, he championed Ives's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Ives's work is regularly programmed in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Planet Arts Records released Mists: Charles Ives for Jazz Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bernstein continued to conduct Ives's music and made a number of recordings with the Philharmonic for Columbia Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Ives's piano recordings were later issued in 1974 by Columbia Records on a special LP set for his centenary."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Charles got his influences by sitting in the Danbury town square and listening to his father's marching band and other bands on other sides of the square simultaneously."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In 1899, Ives moved to employment with the insurance agency Charles H. Raymond & Co., where he stayed until 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His widow, who died in 1969 at age 92, bequeathed the royalties from his music to the American Academy of Arts and Letters for the Charles Ives Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical career",
"text": "It has four movements. A complete performance was not given until 1965 (i.e. half a century after it was completed and over a decade after Ives's death)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "After seeing a copy of Ives's self-published 114 Songs during the 1930s, Copland published a newspaper article praising the collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His brother Moss later became a lawyer."
}
] |
Charles Ives's sibling was an attorney.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Ives
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "Scholars accept dates from the fifth century to the second century BCE as the probable range, the latter likely."
}
] |
NjFhBgDW3AYmbnMZvWXM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content | Structure",
"text": "The Bhagavad Gita is a poem written in the Sanskrit language."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to some, Bhagavad Gita is written by Lord Ganesha which was told to him by Vyasa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Numerous commentaries have been written on the Bhagavad Gita with widely differing views on the essentials."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The Mahabharata – the world's longest poem – is itself a text that was likely written and compiled over several hundred years, one dated between \"400 BCE or little earlier, and 2nd century CE, though some claim a few parts can be put as late as 400 CE\", states Fowler."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature",
"text": "In India, its Sanskrit name is often written as Shrimad Bhagavad Gita, श्रीमद् भगवद् गीता (the latter two words often written as a single word भगवद्गीता), where the Shrimad prefix is used to denote a high degree of respect."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and significance | Hindu synthesis",
"text": "According to Deutsch and Dalvi, the Bhagavad Gita attempts \"to forge a harmony\" between these three paths."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 4 (42 verses)",
"text": "Arjuna questions how Krishna could do this, when those sages lived so long ago, and Krishna was born more recently."
},
{
"section_header": "Bhashya (commentaries) | Modern era commentaries",
"text": "Tilak wrote his commentary Shrimadh Bhagavad Gita Rahasya while in jail during the period 1910–1911 serving a six-year sentence imposed by the British colonial government in India for sedition."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "While the year and century is uncertain, states Richard Davis, the internal evidence in the text"
},
{
"section_header": "Translations | The Gita in other languages",
"text": "Vinoba Bhave has written the Geeta in Marathi language as Geetai i.e. Mother Geeta in the similar shloka form."
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "Scholars accept dates from the fifth century to the second century BCE as the probable range, the latter likely."
}
] |
The Bhagavad Gita was written between 2200 and 2500 years ago.
| 0 | 0 |
Bhagavadgita
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At completion in 1973, it surpassed the World Trade Center in New York City to become the tallest building in the world, a title that it held for nearly 25 years; it was also the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere for 41 years, until the new One World Trade Center surpassed it in 2014."
}
] |
NjZ7KGSzWyJDRWIvQRcR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural depictions | Film and television",
"text": "In the 2013 film Man of Steel, the tower is the location of the offices of the Daily Planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural depictions | Film and television",
"text": "In the 2015 film Jupiter Ascending, the tower is featured prominently as the place where Caine and Jupiter await a spaceship to lift them off the planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Figures and statistics",
"text": "This month marked four years since the former Sears Tower was re-christened Willis Tower, and the new name has yet to stick.\" The tip of its highest antenna is the highest point in Illinois at 1,729 ft (527 m) above street level or 2,325 ft (709 m) above sea level."
},
{
"section_header": "Height",
"text": "Taipei 101 surpassed the Petronas Twin Towers in spire height and the Sears Tower in roof height and highest occupied floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Height",
"text": "Upon completion, One World Trade Center in New York City surpassed the Willis Tower through its structural and pinnacle heights, but not by roof, observation deck elevation, or highest occupied floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Figures and statistics",
"text": "Willis Tower was the first building for which this design was used."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-opening",
"text": "On July 16, 2009, the building was officially renamed Willis Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting",
"text": "Many broadcast station transmitters are located at the top of Willis Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Willis Tower is considered a seminal achievement for engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan."
},
{
"section_header": "Height",
"text": "The Willis Tower remains the third tallest building in the Americas (after One World Trade Center and Central Park Tower) and the Western Hemisphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At completion in 1973, it surpassed the World Trade Center in New York City to become the tallest building in the world, a title that it held for nearly 25 years; it was also the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere for 41 years, until the new One World Trade Center surpassed it in 2014."
}
] |
Willis Tower was once the highest tower in the entire planet.
| 0 | 0 |
Willis Tower
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third installment in the live-action Transformers film series, and is the sequel to 2009's Revenge of the Fallen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After returning to Earth, Optimus uses the energy of his Matrix of Leadership to revive Sentinel Prime."
}
] |
NjxCAwb2CtcY1rUDxCsR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "No way. My brain needs a break from fighting robots."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Themes and inspirations",
"text": "Due to the critically panned Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, Bay decided to remove the characters called the Twins entirely from Dark of the Moon: \"This one really builds to a final crescendo."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Neil Schneider of Meant to be Seen, a website focused on stereoscopic 3-D gaming and entertainment, remarked that \"while Transformers: Dark of the Moon had the scrapings of a really good story, this 3-D movie was shot with a 2-D script."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sentinel uses the Pillars to transport hundreds of concealed Decepticons from the Moon to Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Themes and inspirations",
"text": "Bay acknowledged that Revenge of the Fallen was \"disappointing to the fans\" and stated that he \"doesn't want the third one to suck\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "Don Harris, general manager of distribution for Paramount, commented on the results of Dark of the Moon: \"If we hadn't chosen to debut the movie later in Japan and China, we probably would have had the all-time record."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Novelizations",
"text": "In May 2011, the novelization, junior novel, and graphic novel of Transformers: Dark of the Moon were released."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "A Walmart exclusive edition of Transformers: Dark of the Moon also was released on September 30, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Transformers: Dark of the Moon first premiered at the Moscow International Film Festival on June 23, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Novelizations",
"text": "And yet only a handful knew the real mission behind America's triumph in the space race: to explore the alien ship that has crashed on the far side of the moon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third installment in the live-action Transformers film series, and is the sequel to 2009's Revenge of the Fallen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After returning to Earth, Optimus uses the energy of his Matrix of Leadership to revive Sentinel Prime."
}
] |
Transformers: Dark of the Moon is the third movie about alien robots that fight on Earth.
| 1 | 4 |
Transformers: Dark of the Moon
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The decision to construct the building is based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy, and for Dubai to gain international recognition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building was originally named Burj Dubai but was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts."
}
] |
NkWs6AkbWakIbTKVfXD3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building was originally named Burj Dubai but was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In The Amazing Race 15, the season's competing teams visited the building during Leg 5 to retrieve a clue from the 124th floor, during which time the building was still under construction and still under its original name of Burj Dubai."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Milestones",
"text": "Burj Dubai renamed Burj Khalifa in honour of the President of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed al Nahyan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sheikh Khalifa, the ruler of the United Arab Emirates, granted monetary aid and funding, hence resulting in the changing of the name to \"Burj Khalifa\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other uses | BASE jumping",
"text": "On 8 January 2010, with permission of the authorities, Nasr Al Niyadi and Omar Al Hegelan, from the Emirates Aviation Society, broke the world record for the highest BASE jump from a building after they leapt from a crane-suspended platform attached to the 160th floor at 672 m (2,205 ft)."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Real estate values",
"text": "Subsequently, in a surprise move at its opening ceremony, the tower was renamed Burj Khalifa, said to honour the UAE President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan for his crucial support."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "An outdoor observation deck, named At the Top, opened on 5 January 2010 on the 124th floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | The Dubai Fountain",
"text": "On 26 October 2008, Emaar announced that based on results of a naming contest the fountain would be called the Dubai Fountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At a certain point in the architectural and engineering process, the original Emaar developers experienced financial problems, and required more money and economic funding."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Milestones",
"text": "10 March 2010: Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat certifies Burj Khalifa as world's tallest building."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The decision to construct the building is based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy, and for Dubai to gain international recognition."
}
] |
The building was originally named Burj Al Abdul.
| 0 | 8 |
Burj Khalifa
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelma Ritter (February 14, 1902 – February 5, 1969) was an American actress, best known for her comedic roles as working-class characters and her strong New York accent."
}
] |
NkptCeoLnf2dppz9s9Hw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 1955, Thelma Ritter co-hosted the Oscar ceremony, notably trading wisecracks with Bob Hope."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She made a memorable impression in a brief uncredited part, as a frustrated mother unable to find the toy that Kris Kringle has promised her son."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelma Ritter (February 14, 1902 – February 5, 1969) was an American actress, best known for her comedic roles as working-class characters and her strong New York accent."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Her Broadway credits include UTBU (1965), New Girl in Town (1956), In Times Square (1931), and The Shelf (1926).Ritter's first movie role was in Miracle on 34th Street (1947)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "A second nomination followed for her work in Mitchell Leisen's' ensemble screwball comedy The Mating Season (1951) starring Gene Tierney and John Lund."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Although best known for comedy roles, she played the occasional dramatic role, most notably in With a Song in My Heart (1952), Pickup on South Street (1953), Titanic (1953), The Misfits (1961), and Birdman of Alcatraz (1962), for which she received her final Oscar nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ritter was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1902, the first child of Charles and Lucy Ritter, both natives of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ritter did stock theater and radio shows early in her career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mankiewicz kept Ritter in mind, and cast her as Birdie in All About Eve (1950), which earned her an Oscar nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Ritter died of a heart attack in New York City in 1969, nine days before her 67th birthday."
}
] |
Thelma Ritter is renowned for her comedy parts in the movies.
| 0 | 0 |
Thelma Ritter
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Capacitance is the ratio of the change in electric charge of a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential."
}
] |
NktdycDvVQMDxIPe5HEn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems | Few-electron devices",
"text": "e {\\displaystyle \\mathrm {d} q\\to \\Delta \\,Q="
},
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems | Few-electron devices",
"text": "Q {\\displaystyle {1 \\over C}\\equiv {\\Delta \\,V \\over \\Delta \\,Q}} ,with the potential difference"
},
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems | Few-electron devices",
"text": "= = 1 { = = 1 { \\displaystyle \\Delta \\,N=1} and Δ Q = e {\\displaystyle \\Delta \\,Q=e} .Then C Q ("
},
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems | Few-electron devices",
"text": "μ μ ( N ) e {\\displaystyle \\Delta \\,V={\\Delta"
},
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems | Few-electron devices",
"text": "e e = e e = μ ( N"
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance in electronic and semiconductor devices",
"text": "A paper by Steven Laux presents a review of numerical techniques for capacitance calculation."
},
{
"section_header": "Nanoscale systems | Few-electron devices",
"text": "e} e} . The integral generally becomes a summation."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance of conductors with simple shapes",
"text": "Calculating the capacitance of a system amounts to solving the Laplace equation ∇2φ = 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitors",
"text": "Capacitance can be calculated if the geometry of the conductors and the dielectric properties of the insulator between the conductors are known."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance in electronic and semiconductor devices",
"text": "In particular, capacitance can be calculated by a Fourier transform of a transient current in response to a step-like voltage excitation: C ( ω ) ="
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Capacitance is the ratio of the change in electric charge of a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential."
}
] |
Capacitance is calculated as the delta Q divided by delta E.
| 1 | 5 |
Capacitance
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Uncredited Roles Cast notes: In his role as adviser to the film, George M. Cohan, who admired Fred Astaire's work, let it be known that he preferred Astaire, who also bore a passing resemblance to him, to star in his life story."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Warners offered the role to Astaire first, but he turned it down because Cohan's eccentric, stiff-legged dancing was far removed from Astaire's own, more fluid, style."
}
] |
NlZvmu3ZPY41J0YFE0gj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "In Yankee Doodle Dandy, Eddie Foy, Jr. played the role of his own father."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Yankee Doodle Dandy was adapted as a radio play on the October 19, 1942 broadcast of The Screen Guild Theater, starring James Cagney with Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yankee Doodle Dandy is a 1942 American biographical musical film about George M. Cohan, known as \"The Man Who Owned Broadway\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical numbers",
"text": "\"The Yankee Doodle Boy\" (reprise) – Played by Orchestra behind end credits."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1993, Yankee Doodle Dandy was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1993, Yankee Doodle Dandy was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\", and in 1998, the movie was ranked #100 on the 100 Years...100 Movies list, by the American Film Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical numbers",
"text": "\"The Yankee Doodle Boy\" – Sung and Danced by James Cagney, Joan Leslie (dubbed by Sally Sweetland) and Chorus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "The Yankee Doodle Boy 2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes: \"My mother thanks you."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "Because of Cohan's failing health, Warner Brothers moved up the scheduled gala premiere from July 4 to May 29; the original date had been chosen because of the film's patriotic theme and because Cohan really had been born on the Fourth of July, as he wrote in the lyrics of his \"Yankee Doodle Dandy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "—it's dandy!\" Variety called the film \"as entertaining as any top filmusical ever made ... James Cagney does a Cohan of which the original George M. might well be proud.\" Harrison's Reports wrote: \"Excellent!"
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Uncredited Roles Cast notes: In his role as adviser to the film, George M. Cohan, who admired Fred Astaire's work, let it be known that he preferred Astaire, who also bore a passing resemblance to him, to star in his life story."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Warners offered the role to Astaire first, but he turned it down because Cohan's eccentric, stiff-legged dancing was far removed from Astaire's own, more fluid, style."
}
] |
Jimmy Cagney was Cohen's second choice to play him in the film Yankee Doodle Dandy.
| 0 | 0 |
Yankee Doodle Dandy
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents divorced when he was an infant, and his mother moved with her children to Alameda, California, and then to the West Oakland neighborhood of nearby Oakland."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager | Managing career",
"text": ", Robinson was selected the worst manager in baseball, along with Buck Showalter, then manager of the Texas Rangers."
}
] |
NlgXr6xFlzKv0uTBke2R
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Manager | Managing career",
"text": "Instead, managers are supposed to discreetly switch position players in between innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager | Managing career",
"text": ", Robinson was selected the worst manager in baseball, along with Buck Showalter, then manager of the Texas Rangers."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager | Managing career",
"text": "During a game against the Houston Astros on May 25, 2006, Robinson pulled Nationals catcher Matt LeCroy during the middle of the seventh inning, violating an unwritten rule that managers do not remove position players in the middle of an inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robinson was born on August 31, 1935 in Beaumont, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Robinson, Frank (1968). My Life Is Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "ISBN 9997502442. Robinson, Frank (1976)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Robinson, Frank; Stainback, Barry (1988)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Extra Innings. Extra Innings. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070531838."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Frank: Frank: The First Year. with Dave Anderson."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the youngest of ten children born to Frank Robinson and Ruth Shaw."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents divorced when he was an infant, and his mother moved with her children to Alameda, California, and then to the West Oakland neighborhood of nearby Oakland."
}
] |
Frank Robinson grew up in Texas and was a discreet player and manager.
| 0 | 0 |
Frank Robinson
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cabaret is a 1972 American musical drama film directed by Bob Fosse, and starring Liza Minnelli, Michael York, and Joel Grey."
}
] |
NllZGlmz3ZnOOdLRyW3z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction",
"text": "By May 1973, the film had earned rentals of $4.5 million in North America and $3.5 million in other countries and reported a profit of $2,452,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | American Film Institute recognition",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs Cabaret – No. 18"
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "Taking its form from political cabaret, it's a satire of temptations."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Reaction of Isherwood and others",
"text": "The poet Stephen Spender lamented how Cabaret (1972) glossed over Weimar Berlin's crushing poverty: \"There is not a single meal, or club, in the movie Cabaret, that Christopher [Isherwood] and I could have afforded [in 1931]."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Reaction of Isherwood and others",
"text": "Such ambivalence towards Cabaret (1972) was not unique among Isherwood's circle."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Accolades",
"text": "Cabaret earned a total of 10 Academy Award nominations (winning 8 of them) and holds the record for most Academy Awards won by a film which did not win the Academy Award for Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Controversies",
"text": "\" In 2013, film critic Peter Bradshaw listed Cabaret at number one on his list of \"Top 10 musicals\", describing it as \"satanically catchy, terrifyingly seductive ... directed and choreographed with electric style by Bob Fosse ... Cabaret is drenched in the sexiest kind of cynicism and decadent despair.\" Although less explicit compared with other films made in the 1970s, Cabaret dealt explicitly with topics like corruption, sexual ambiguity, false dreams, and Nazism."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Reaction of Isherwood and others",
"text": "was critical of the 1972 film due to what he perceived as its negative portrayal of homosexuality: \"In the film of Cabaret, the male lead is called Brian Roberts."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Controversies",
"text": "According to Belletto, \"despite the ways that the film has been understood by a variety of critics, [Cabaret] rejects the logic of fascist certainty by staging various numbers committed to irony and ambiguity."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Historical basis",
"text": "I Am a Camera and the 1966 Cabaret musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cabaret is a 1972 American musical drama film directed by Bob Fosse, and starring Liza Minnelli, Michael York, and Joel Grey."
}
] |
Cabaret was released in 1973.
| 0 | 0 |
Cabaret (1972 film)
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "To someone inside the elevator, the apple does not move, so, it has zero momentum."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "For example: if an apple is sitting in a glass elevator that is descending, an outside observer, looking into the elevator, sees the apple moving, so, to that observer, the apple has a non-zero momentum."
}
] |
Nlo4w8lPXkdd16dFg8vL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "Momentum is a measurable quantity, and the measurement depends on the motion of the observer."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "The two observers each have a frame of reference, in which, they observe motions, and, if the elevator is descending steadily, they will see behavior that is consistent with those same physical laws."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "Another, commonly used reference frame, is the center of mass frame – one that is moving with the center of mass."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "Thus, momentum is conserved in both reference frames."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "For example, in a collision of two particles, a reference frame can be chosen, where, one particle begins at rest."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "For example: if an apple is sitting in a glass elevator that is descending, an outside observer, looking into the elevator, sees the apple moving, so, to that observer, the apple has a non-zero momentum."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "A change of reference frame, can, often, simplify calculations of motion."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "Suppose a particle has position x in a stationary frame of reference."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "In this frame, the total momentum is zero."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "This independence of reference frame is called Newtonian relativity or Galilean invariance."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian | Dependence on reference frame",
"text": "To someone inside the elevator, the apple does not move, so, it has zero momentum."
}
] |
Momentum is dependent on frame of reference of the observer.
| 5 | 7 |
Momentum
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He also finds, hanging on the wall, a shield of shining brass on which is written a legend: Who entereth herein, a conqueror hath bin; Who slayeth the dragon, the shield he shall win;With a stroke of his mace, Ethelred kills the dragon, who dies with a piercing shriek, and proceeds to take the shield, which falls to the floor with an unnerving clatter."
}
] |
Nm6N9wdba1b6KBCXU6cS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Character descriptions | Narrator",
"text": "In \"The Fall of the House of Usher\", Poe's unnamed narrator is called to visit the House of Usher by Roderick Usher."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "The narrator also describes Roderick Usher's appearance as that of an \"irreclaimable eater of opium.\" Along with \"The Tell-Tale Heart\", \"The Black Cat\" and \"The Cask of Amontillado\", \"The Fall of the House of Usher\" is considered among Poe's more famous works of prose."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They inter her, but over the next week both Roderick and the narrator find themselves becoming increasingly agitated for no apparent reason."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Roderick sings \"The Haunted Palace\", then tells the narrator that he believes the house he lives in to be alive, and that this sentience arises from the arrangement of the masonry and vegetation surrounding it."
},
{
"section_header": "Character descriptions | Narrator",
"text": "As his \"best and only friend\", Roderick tells of his illness and asks that he visit."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "This connection was emphasized in Roderick's poem \"The Haunted Palace\", which seems to be a direct reference to the house that foreshadows doom."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Like the narrator in \"The Tell-Tale Heart\", his disease inflames his hyperactive senses."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "The Fall of the House of Usher (2015), narrated by Christopher Lee, is an animated short film which is part of Extraordinary Tales."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "\"\"The Fall of the House of Usher\" has been criticized for being too formulaic."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "The second half of the album was a five-part set dedicated to \"The Fall of the House of Usher\", with an introductory narration by Orson Welles included in the album's 1987 remixing."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He also finds, hanging on the wall, a shield of shining brass on which is written a legend: Who entereth herein, a conqueror hath bin; Who slayeth the dragon, the shield he shall win;With a stroke of his mace, Ethelred kills the dragon, who dies with a piercing shriek, and proceeds to take the shield, which falls to the floor with an unnerving clatter."
}
] |
In the Fall of the House of Usher, the narrator tells Roderick about a tool for cutting wood displayed in the library with an inscription that foreshadows the action that happens next.
| 0 | 3 |
The Fall of the House of Usher
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series finale aired on May 21, 2012, following an hour-long retrospective."
}
] |
NmEYPyl1uf0laMSpY1bq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "House (also called House, M.D.) is an American medical drama television series that originally ran on the Fox network for eight seasons, from November 16, 2004, to May 21, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series finale aired on May 21, 2012, following an hour-long retrospective."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "By the show's fifth season, Laurie was earning around $400,000 per episode, making him one of the highest-paid actors on network television."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters | Recurring characters",
"text": "She wants House to treat her husband, Mark Warner (Currie Graham), whom House diagnoses with acute intermittent porphyria in the season-one finale."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | U.S. television ratings",
"text": "In its first season, House ranked twenty-fourth among all television series and was the ninth-most popular primetime program among women."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On February 8, 2012, Fox announced that the eighth season, then in progress, would be its last."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "In 2008 the series received its first nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution",
"text": "The original, English-language version of the show aired in Australia on Network Ten, in New Zealand on TV3, and in Ireland on 3e, TV3's cable channel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | U.S. television ratings",
"text": "Each U.S. network television season starts in September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | U.S. television ratings",
"text": "Aided by a lead-in from the widely popular American Idol, the following three seasons of the program each ranked in the top ten among all viewers."
}
] |
House is an American medical drama television series that originally ran on the Fox network for eight seasons, in which the series finale aired on May 21, 2012, following an hour-long retrospective.
| 0 | 0 |
House (TV series)
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of relativity (proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915), which describes gravity not as a force, but as a consequence of the curvature of spacetime caused by the uneven distribution of mass."
}
] |
NmEfzxLT96bonuoFBC3O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Gravity and quantum mechanics",
"text": "One path is to describe gravity in the framework of quantum field theory, which has been successful to accurately describe the other fundamental interactions."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Gravity and quantum mechanics",
"text": "General relativity describes large-scale bulk properties whereas quantum mechanics is the framework to describe the smallest scale interactions of matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gravity is most accurately described by the general theory of relativity (proposed by Albert Einstein in 1915), which describes gravity not as a force, but as a consequence of the curvature of spacetime caused by the uneven distribution of mass."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | General relativity",
"text": "A metric tensor describes a geometry of spacetime."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | General relativity",
"text": "The starting point for general relativity is the equivalence principle, which equates free fall with inertial motion and describes free-falling inertial objects as being accelerated relative to non-inertial observers on the ground."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Ancient world",
"text": "Brahmagupta described gravity as an attractive force and used the term \"gurutvaakarshan\" for gravity."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Gravity and quantum mechanics",
"text": "An open question is whether it is possible to describe the small-scale interactions of gravity with the same framework as quantum mechanics."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | General relativity | Solutions",
"text": "Notable solutions of the Einstein field equations include: The Schwarzschild solution, which describes spacetime surrounding a spherically symmetric non-rotating uncharged massive object."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, for most applications, gravity is well approximated by Newton's law of universal gravitation, which describes gravity as a force, which causes any two bodies to be attracted to each other, with the force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | General relativity | Tests",
"text": "The tests of general relativity included the following: General relativity accounts for the anomalous perihelion precession of Mercury."
}
] |
Gravity is best described by the theory of relativity.
| 2 | 4 |
Gravity
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played linebacker and offensive tackle in football as well as shortstop, cleanup batter, and pitcher in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He grew up on a farm and excelled in a variety of sports at Perquimans County High School."
}
] |
NmOZazzBSx8Xx8OOOaLa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Hunter is interred at Cedarwood Cemetery in Hertford, adjacent to the field where he played high school baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played linebacker and offensive tackle in football as well as shortstop, cleanup batter, and pitcher in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Augustus Hunter (April 8, 1946 – September 9, 1999), nicknamed \"Catfish\", was a professional baseball player in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "When you play with guys like that, you feel blessed.\" Hunter has been the subject of multiple popular culture references."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "The Jim \"Catfish\" Hunter Memorial is located in Hertford."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "In 2004, the Oakland Athletics began the Catfish Hunter Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Kansas City/Oakland Athletics",
"text": "On Wednesday, May 8, against the Minnesota Twins, Hunter pitched the ninth perfect game in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Following the 1979 season and the end of his five-year contract, Hunter retired from baseball at age 33."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "New York was closer to his home in North Carolina and the team played on natural grass."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He grew up on a farm and excelled in a variety of sports at Perquimans County High School."
}
] |
Catfish Hunter did only play baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Catfish Hunter
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hilton Lee Smith (February 27, 1907 – November 18, 1983) was an American right-handed pitcher in Negro league baseball."
}
] |
NnO4jz4Z6ShvKqWWgMuX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1934, Smith wed Louise Humphrey."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Also, unlike Paige, Smith was a very good hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "In late 1936, Smith signed with the Kansas City Monarchs."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "From 1937 until his retirement in 1948, Smith was a star pitcher on the Monarchs."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and death",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Smith worked as a schoolteacher and later as a steel plant foreman."
},
{
"section_header": "Semi-pro career",
"text": "In 1936, Paige, Radcliffe, and Brewer departed and Smith became the ace of the Bismarck team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith made the dean's list as a student at Prairie View A&M College in 1928 and 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Semi-pro career",
"text": "They returned to the national championship, where Smith won four games, but Bismarck failed to repeat as champions."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Often Paige would pitch the first three innings of a game, leaving Smith to pitch the remaining six."
},
{
"section_header": "Semi-pro career",
"text": "They had two children. From 1935 to 1936, Smith pitched for the Bismarck semi-professional team organized by Neil Churchill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hilton Lee Smith (February 27, 1907 – November 18, 1983) was an American right-handed pitcher in Negro league baseball."
}
] |
Smith was known for his bunting.
| 0 | 0 |
Hilton Smith
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Some scenes have to be altered from the script for her to use her right ear."
}
] |
NnaevwHwixNypnJDEzg5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hunter is unable to hear with her left ear due to a childhood case of the mumps."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Some scenes have to be altered from the script for her to use her right ear."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Holly Patricia Hunter (born March 20, 1958) is an American actress and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Hunter earned a degree in drama from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and for a while performed in the theatre scene there, playing ingenue roles at City Theatre, then named the City Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "After moving to Los Angeles in 1982, Hunter appeared in TV movies before being cast in a supporting role in 1984's Swing Shift."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "Also in 2003, Hunter had the role of a mother named Melanie Freeland, whose daughter is troubled and going through the perils of being a teenager in the film Thirteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "Hunter's likeness was used to portray Senator Finch in the Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice tie-in prequel comics, released by Dr. Pepper on February 3, 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "She went on to the screen adaptation of Henley's Miss Firecracker; Steven Spielberg's Always, a romantic drama with Richard Dreyfuss; and the made-for-TV 1989 docudrama about the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "\" A chance encounter with playwright Beth Henley, when the two were trapped alone in an elevator, led to Hunter's being cast in Henley's"
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "Following her second collaboration with Dreyfuss, in Once Around, Hunter garnered critical attention for her work in two 1993 films, resulting in her being nominated for two Academy Awards the same year: Hunter's performance in The Firm won her a nomination as Best Supporting Actress, while her portrayal of a mute Scottish woman entangled in an adulterous affair with Harvey Keitel in Jane Campion's The Piano won her the Best Actress award."
}
] |
Holly Patricia Hunter is unable to hear with her left ear due to a childhood case of the mumps and some scenes even had to be altered from the script for her to use her right ear.
| 0 | 0 |
Holly Hunter
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "As Toronto's general manager, Gillick won five division titles (1985, 1989, 1991, 1992 and 1993) and led the club to their first World Series championships in 1992 and 1993."
}
] |
NoDWCvqDWz95TREvxeTK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won a national championship in college while pitching for the University of Southern California (USC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He previously served as the general manager of four MLB teams: the Toronto Blue Jays (1978–1994), Baltimore Orioles (1996–1998), Seattle Mariners (2000–2003), and Philadelphia Phillies (2006–2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "As Toronto's general manager, Gillick won five division titles (1985, 1989, 1991, 1992 and 1993) and led the club to their first World Series championships in 1992 and 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record of 45–32 with an earned run average of 3.42 in 164 minor league games."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "In 1995, Gillick was named the general manager of the Baltimore Orioles to replace Roland Hemond, who had resigned."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "The Orioles struggled shortly after his departure, failing to achieve a winning season until 2012.Gillick then became the general manager of the Seattle Mariners, who had parlayed their incredible 1995 playoff run into a new ballpark and the financial resources to become a perennial contender."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He attended USC and joined the Delta Chi Fraternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "The Mariners have not reached the playoffs since his departure."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "He guided the Orioles to the playoffs in 1996 and 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "He won championships with the Heat in the league's inaugural season in 2016 and their final season in 2018."
}
] |
Pat Gillick has won many titles while pitching at USC and with the Phillies, Orioles, and the Mariners.
| 1 | 3 |
Pat Gillick
|
Technology
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing",
"text": "The advertisements, called \"Scroogled\", attempt to make the case that Google is \"screwing\" consumers with search results rigged to favor Google's paid advertisers, that Gmail violates the privacy of its users to place ad results related to the content of their emails and shopping results, which favor Google products."
}
] |
NoTILPcVIXSBEdYbZBcl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Environment",
"text": "Microsoft was ranked number 1 in the list of the World's Best Multinational Workplaces by the Great Place to Work Institute in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing",
"text": "The advertisements, called \"Scroogled\", attempt to make the case that Google is \"screwing\" consumers with search results rigged to favor Google's paid advertisers, that Gmail violates the privacy of its users to place ad results related to the content of their emails and shopping results, which favor Google products."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft",
"text": "Gates called MITS and claimed that he had a working interpreter, and MITS requested a demonstration."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Corporate culture",
"text": "Critics of H1B visas argue that relaxing the limits would result in increased unemployment for U.S. citizens due to H1B workers working for lower salaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Microsoft Corporation () is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–2014: Windows 8/8.1, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices",
"text": "On June 25, Microsoft paid US$1.2 billion to buy the social network Yammer."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Layoffs",
"text": "Previously, Microsoft had eliminated 5,800 jobs in 2009 in line with the Great Recession of 2008–2017."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge and HoloLens",
"text": "In May 2016, the company announced it was laying off 1,850 workers, and taking an impairment and restructuring charge of $950 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1985: The founding of Microsoft",
"text": "Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter, and it worked flawlessly when they demonstrated it to MITS in March 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Corporate culture",
"text": "Microsoft is an outspoken opponent of the cap on H-1B visas, which allow companies in the U.S. to employ certain foreign workers."
}
] |
Microsoft is socially sustainable unlike Google who is often called "Scroogle" because it screws its workers; in 2012, it was placed#1 in the group of the Nation's Best Multinational Workplaces by the Great Place to Work Institute.
| 1 | 2 |
Microsoft
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ernest Banks (January 31, 1931 – January 23, 2015), nicknamed \"Mr. Cub\" and \"Mr. Sunshine\", was an American professional baseball player who starred in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop and first baseman for the Chicago Cubs between 1953 and 1971."
}
] |
NomSSbFhD69mSJ4zbvU5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Banks was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Final seasons",
"text": "Banks holds the major league record for most games played without a postseason appearance (2,528)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1977, and was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He served in the U.S. military for two years, played for the Monarchs again, and began his major league career in September 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Banks hit a major-league-leading 47 home runs in 1958, while batting .313, third best in the NL."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Banks's nephew, Bob Johnson, was a major league catcher and first baseman for the Texas Rangers between 1981 and 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Banks and Baker roomed together on road trips and became the first all-black double-play combination in major league history."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Banks was an ordained minister; he presided at the wedding of MLB pitcher Sean Marshall."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Banks signed with the Chicago Cubs in late 1953, making his major league debut on September 17 at age 22 and playing in 10 games at Wrigley Field."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "In 1960, Banks hit a major league and NL-leading 41 HR, had 117 RBI, and led the NL in games played for the sixth time in seven years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ernest Banks (January 31, 1931 – January 23, 2015), nicknamed \"Mr. Cub\" and \"Mr. Sunshine\", was an American professional baseball player who starred in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a shortstop and first baseman for the Chicago Cubs between 1953 and 1971."
}
] |
Ernie Banks was a major league pitcher.
| 0 | 0 |
Ernie Banks
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Mark Wahlberg as Micky Ward: Wahlberg elected to star in the film due to his friendship with Ward, with whom he shares an inner-city working class Massachusetts upbringing in a family with eight siblings."
}
] |
NpTyoHAC1aMpgxfwyevO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Mark Wahlberg joined the production in early 2005, with the intention of doing Ward's life story \"justice."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Mark Wahlberg as Micky Ward: Wahlberg elected to star in the film due to his friendship with Ward, with whom he shares an inner-city working class Massachusetts upbringing in a family with eight siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adams plays Micky's girlfriend Charlene Fleming, and Leo portrays Micky and Dicky's mother, Alice Eklund-Ward."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fighter is a 2010 American biographical sports drama film directed by David O. Russell, and starring Mark Wahlberg (who also produced), Christian Bale, Amy Adams, and Melissa Leo."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "I would bring the trainers with me on every movie that I did."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Frank Renzulli as Sal Lanano Mickey O'Keefe as himself, a Lowell, Massachusetts police sergeant who was Ward's real-life trainer."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\"I’ve seen every boxing movie ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "You know, 'Kill somebody if I don't get this movie made.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "We don't want to do any over-the-top, unrealistic fight scenes.\" Paramount Pictures, the United States distributor of the film, hired Paul Attanasio to rewrite Collick's draft in February 2007 in an attempt to emphasize the themes of brotherhood and redemption."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Erica McDermott as Cindy \"Tar\" Eklund (1961-2012), one of Mickey and Dickey's sisters Sugar Ray Leonard as himself, making a cameo appearance as a guest commentator at the Ward/Mungin match"
}
] |
Mark Wahlberg is buddies with Mickey and wanted to portray him in the movie.
| 2 | 4 |
The Fighter
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally a nine-piece group, Jessica departed from the group in September 2014."
}
] |
NqKD46xOHJh3infE19YX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Endorsements",
"text": "Girls' Generation are regarded as one of the most sought-out advertisers in South Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: Formation and debut",
"text": "In 2007, on the recommendation of Korean-Japanese singer IconiQ, Sunny moved back to S.M. Entertainment and became a member of Girls' Generation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "In November 2009, S.M. Entertainment announced the group's first concert tour, Into The New World, whose tickets for the South Korean shows were sold out in three minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "Billboard ranked Girls' Generation at number one on their \"Top 10 K-pop Girl Groups of the Past Decade\" list, published in 2019.In October 2017, SM Entertainment announced that members Tiffany, Sooyoung and Seohyun decided not to renew their contracts with the company to focus on their acting or solo music careers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally a nine-piece group, Jessica departed from the group in September 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "In mid-2010, Girls' Generation signed with Nayutawave Records (present-day EMI Records Japan), a division of Universal Music Japan, to venture out to the Japanese music scene."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "Girls' Generation continued to promote as an eight-member group thereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Endorsements",
"text": "They also collaborated with Korean shopping mall 10 Corso Como Seoul to create their own perfume brand \"Girl\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2008: Formation and debut",
"text": "Sooyoung was exposed to the Japanese music scene as a member of a pop duo named Route θ, which disbanded one year after its debut in 2002.The first member of the group to join SM Entertainment's training system"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "With The Best reaching number one in Japan, Girls' Generation became the first non-Japanese female group in Asia to have three number-one albums in the country."
}
] |
Girls' Generation originally had 10 members, but one backed out last minute.
| 0 | 3 |
Girls' Generation
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties",
"text": "Living cells maintain the ratio of ATP to ADP at a point ten orders of magnitude from equilibrium, with ATP concentrations fivefold higher than the concentration of ADP."
}
] |
NqjR0JimFp7k84HYflH0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Found in all known forms of life, ATP is often referred to as the \"molecular unit of currency\" of intracellular energy transfer."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties",
"text": "Living cells maintain the ratio of ATP to ADP at a point ten orders of magnitude from equilibrium, with ATP concentrations fivefold higher than the concentration of ADP."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis."
},
{
"section_header": "ATP analogues",
"text": "Most useful ATP analogs cannot be hydrolyzed as ATP would be; instead they trap the enzyme in a structure closely related to the ATP-bound state."
},
{
"section_header": "ATP analogues",
"text": "ATP analogs are also used in X-ray crystallography to determine a protein structure in complex with ATP, often together with other substrates."
},
{
"section_header": "ATP analogues",
"text": "Adenosine 5′-(γ-thiotriphosphate) is an extremely common ATP analog in which one of the gamma-phosphate oxygens is replaced by a sulfur atom; this anion is hydrolyzed at a dramatically slower rate than ATP itself and functions as an inhibitor of ATP-dependent processes."
},
{
"section_header": "ATP analogues",
"text": "Enzyme inhibitors of ATP-dependent enzymes such as kinases are needed to examine the binding sites and transition states involved in ATP-dependent reactions."
},
{
"section_header": "ATP analogues",
"text": "Biochemistry laboratories often use in vitro studies to explore ATP-dependent molecular processes."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Binding of metal cations to ATP",
"text": "Due to the strength of the ATP-Mg2+ interaction, ATP exists in the cell mostly as a complex with Mg2+ bonded to the phosphate oxygen centers."
},
{
"section_header": "ATP analogues",
"text": "Caution is warranted in interpreting the results of experiments using ATP analogs, since some enzymes can hydrolyze them at appreciable rates at high concentration."
}
] |
ATP is found in all living things.
| 0 | 0 |
Adenosine triphosphate
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Accidents",
"text": "Due to a failed weld, a steel cable snapped from a car being towed and hit the extra's car, damaging her skull."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Accidents",
"text": "The injury has left her permanently brain-damaged, paralyzed on her left side and her left eye stitched shut."
}
] |
NqvymoYyy6L1IldcudPF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Transformers: Dark of the Moon is a 2011 American science fiction action film directed by Michael Bay, and it is based on the Transformers toy line."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Having been called Transformers 3 up to that point, the film's final title was revealed to be Dark of the Moon in October 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "It was announced in November 2010 that unlike Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, no scenes in the film were shot with IMAX 3D cameras."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Transformers: Dark of the Moon first premiered at the Moscow International Film Festival on June 23, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Accidents",
"text": "Filming was temporarily delayed on September 2, 2010, when an extra was seriously injured during a stunt in Hammond, Indiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Transformers: Dark of the Moon's production cost was reported $195 million, with the cost of the 3-D filming accounting at $30 million of the budget."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the third installment in the live-action Transformers film series, and is the sequel to 2009's Revenge of the Fallen."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "Composer Steve Jablonsky, who had before collaborated with Bay on The Island and the first two Transformers films, returned to compose the Dark of the Moon score."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dark of the Moon grossed over $1.1 billion worldwide, and it is the 27th highest-grossing film of all time (the 5th-highest at the time of release), the second-highest-grossing film of 2011, the highest-grossing film in the Transformers series, and the tenth film to gross over $1 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Bay similarly recycled footage from his film Pearl Harbor (2001) in the 2007 film Transformers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Accidents",
"text": "Due to a failed weld, a steel cable snapped from a car being towed and hit the extra's car, damaging her skull."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Accidents",
"text": "The injury has left her permanently brain-damaged, paralyzed on her left side and her left eye stitched shut."
}
] |
Unlike most action films, Transformers: Dark of the Moon, didn't have any on-set accidents during filming.
| 1 | 5 |
Transformers: Dark of the Moon
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "On 28 June 2009, as a tongue-in-cheek test of his 1992 conjecture that travel into the past is effectively impossible, Hawking held a party open to all, complete with hors d'oeuvres and iced champagne, but publicised the party only after it was over so that only time-travellers would know to attend; as expected, nobody showed up to the party."
}
] |
Nr5Q3bnpj6UPPX2pfBUJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1990",
"text": "A difficulty refusing the invitations and visitors left him limited time for work and his students."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990–2000",
"text": "In 1994, at Cambridge's Newton Institute, Hawking and Penrose delivered a series of six lectures that were published in 1996 as \"The Nature of Space and Time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications | Selected academic works",
"text": "Nature. 248 (5443) Nature. 248 (5443) : 30–31. Bibcode:1974Natur.248... 30H. doi:10.1038/248030a0."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In March 2019, it was announced that the Royal Mint issued a commemorative 50 pence coin in honour of Hawking."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular media",
"text": "Hawking appeared in documentaries titled The Real Stephen Hawking (2001), Stephen Hawking: Profile (2002) and Hawking (2013), and the documentary series Stephen Hawking, Master of the Universe (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications | Films and series",
"text": "Horizon: The Hawking Paradox (2005) Masters of Science Fiction (2007) Stephen Hawking and the Theory of Everything (2007) Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe (2008) Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking (2010) Brave New World with Stephen Hawking (2011) Stephen Hawking's Grand Design (2012) The Big Bang Theory (2012, 2014–2015, 2017) Stephen Hawking: A Brief History of Mine (2013) The Theory of Everything – Feature film (2014) starring Eddie Redmayne"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Disability",
"text": "This proved difficult, since Hawking could not move his neck, and trials showed that while he could indeed drive the chair, the movement was sporadic and jumpy."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications | Selected academic works",
"text": "Genius by Stephen Hawking (2016) Hawking, S.W.; Penrose, R. (1970)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Graduate years",
"text": "Although Hawking had difficulty walking unsupported, and his speech was almost unintelligible, an initial diagnosis that he had only two years to live proved unfounded."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Graduate years",
"text": "After being diagnosed with motor neurone disease, Hawking fell into a depression – though his doctors advised that he continue with his studies, he felt there was little point."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "On 28 June 2009, as a tongue-in-cheek test of his 1992 conjecture that travel into the past is effectively impossible, Hawking held a party open to all, complete with hors d'oeuvres and iced champagne, but publicised the party only after it was over so that only time-travellers would know to attend; as expected, nobody showed up to the party."
}
] |
Stephen Hawking once issued invitations to a get-together after the fact to prove a point about the linear nature of time.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen Hawking
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Nostromo (or Giovanni Battista Fidanza) – a charismatic Italian seaman who has settled in Sulaco and established a reputation for leadership and daring; as an employee of the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company, he earns the unofficial title of the \"Capataz de Cargadores\", or \"Head Longshoreman\" Charles \"don Carlos\" Gould, a.k.a. \" King of Sulaco\" – an Englishman by ancestry and temperament"
}
] |
NrhLBvf4WMnOcuXC6vTp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard is a 1904 novel by Joseph Conrad, set in the fictitious South American republic of \"Costaguana\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In his \"Author’s Note\" to later editions of Nostromo, Joseph Conrad provides a detailed explanation of the inspirational origins of his novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Nostromo is an Italian expatriate who has risen to his position through his bravery and daring exploits. (\"Nostromo\" is Italian for \"shipmate\" or \"boatswain\", but the name could also be considered a corruption of the Italian phrase \"nostro uomo\" or \"nostr'uomo\", meaning \"our man\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Captain Joseph \"Fussy Joe\" Mitchell – the English Superintendent of the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company’s offices in Sulaco and supervisor of Nostromo"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "It is now a lost film. In 1991, British director David Lean was to film the story of Nostromo, with Steven Spielberg producing it for Warner Bros., but Lean died a few weeks before the principal photography was to begin in Almería."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Nostromo (or Giovanni Battista Fidanza) – a charismatic Italian seaman who has settled in Sulaco and established a reputation for leadership and daring; as an employee of the Oceanic Steam Navigation Company, he earns the unofficial title of the \"Capataz de Cargadores\", or \"Head Longshoreman\" Charles \"don Carlos\" Gould, a.k.a. \" King of Sulaco\" – an Englishman by ancestry and temperament"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It is frequently regarded as amongst the best of Conrad's long fiction; F. Scott Fitzgerald once said, \"I'd rather have written Nostromo than any other novel.\" Conrad set his novel in the town of Sulaco, an imaginary port in the western region of the imaginary country Costaguana."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "However, the lighter on which the silver is being transported is struck at night in the waters off Sulaco by a transport carrying the invading revolutionary forces under the command of Colonel Sotillo."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Guzman Bento – a former dictator of Costaguana whose death some years before the novel opens had ushered in a renewed period of political and economic instability; the period of his rule was a dark and bloody chapter in the history of Costaguana"
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "; she is in love with Nostromo Giselle Viola – the youngest daughter of Teresa and Giorgio"
}
] |
Nostromo, a character in Nostromo: A Tale of the Seaboard by Joseph Conrad, is a disgruntled merchant before being forcibly pressed into the Italian navy.
| 1 | 6 |
Nostromo
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "Ethnic Egyptians are by far the largest ethnic group in the country, constituting 99.7% of the total population."
}
] |
NsBVkzT6KkJ7AKWjX5N9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Ethnic Greeks also made up a large Greek Orthodox population in the past."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–present) | President Nasser (1956–1970)",
"text": "From academic year 1953–54 through 1965–66, overall public school enrolments more than doubled."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and Ancient Egypt | Achaemenid Egypt",
"text": "The Macedonian Greek general of Alexander, Ptolemy"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Fava bean is also used in making falafel (also known as \"ta‘miya\"), which may have originated in Egypt and spread to other parts of the Middle East."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–present) | President Mubarak (1981–2011)",
"text": "After the election, Mubarak imprisoned Ayman Nour, the runner-up."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt",
"text": "Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Egypt also used to have a large Roman Catholic community, largely made up of Italians and Maltese."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Non-native Christian communities are largely found in the urban regions of Cairo and Alexandria, such as the Syro-Lebanese, who belong to Greek Catholic, Greek Orthodox, and Maronite Catholic denominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Likewise, Armenians made up the then larger Armenian Orthodox and Catholic communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Egypt is the most populated country in the Arab world and the third most populous on the African continent, with about 95 million inhabitants as of 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "Ethnic Egyptians are by far the largest ethnic group in the country, constituting 99.7% of the total population."
}
] |
Greeks make up 85 % of the overall population of Egypt.
| 2 | 5 |
Egypt
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "The Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon",
"text": "After the Revolution, the Trianon served as a residence for both Napoleon I and later for King Louis-Philippe when they visited Versailles."
}
] |
NsHBpZaG84Mr9M8Ptdeo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Louis XVI, and the Palace during the Revolution",
"text": "As soon as the royal family departed, the Palace was closed, awaiting their return—but in fact, the monarchy would never again return to Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century - history museum and government venue",
"text": "Neither he nor his successor Charles X lived at Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "Gardens and fountains | The Fountains and the Shortage of Water",
"text": "Despite enormous investment in canals and machinery for hoisting water, Versailles never had sufficient water supply for its hundreds of fountains."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Palace of Louis XV",
"text": "He also made numerous additions and changes to the royal apartments, where he, the Queen, his daughters, and his heir lived."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "\"The Palace of Versailles\" is a song by singer-songwriter Al Stewart, detailing the French Revolution, The Terror, and Napoléon Bonaparte's military coup, from the perspective of \"the lonely Palace of Versailles\" On 2 July 2005, the French Live 8 was held in the courtyard of VersaillesTelevision"
},
{
"section_header": "The Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon",
"text": "After the Revolution, the Trianon served as a residence for both Napoleon I and later for King Louis-Philippe when they visited Versailles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century - history museum and government venue",
"text": "Emperor Napoleon III used the Palace on occasion as a stage for grand ceremonies."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century - history museum and government venue",
"text": "When Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of the French in 1804, he considered making Versailles his residence, but abandoned the idea because of the cost of the renovation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century - history museum and government venue",
"text": "In 1815, with the final downfall of Napoleon, Louis XVIII, the younger brother of Louis XVI, became King, and considered returning the royal residence to Versailles, where he had been born."
},
{
"section_header": "The Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon",
"text": "It is decorated today largely as it was under Napoleon and Louis-Philippe."
}
] |
Napoleon never lived in the Palace of Versailles.
| 0 | 0 |
Palace of Versailles
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One World Trade Center became the tallest structure in New York City on April 30, 2012, when it surpassed the height of the Empire State Building."
}
] |
NsHcKBSX5JWyrs0z6aGF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One World Trade Center (also known as One World Trade, One WTC, or Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One World Trade Center became the tallest structure in New York City on April 30, 2012, when it surpassed the height of the Empire State Building."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1971–2001) | Specifications and operations",
"text": "After Seven World Trade Center was built in the 1980s, the World Trade Center complex had a total of seven buildings; however, the most notable ones were the main Twin Towers built in the 1970s—"
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Sustainability",
"text": "Like other buildings in the new World Trade Center complex, One World Trade Center includes sustainable architecture features."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Layout | Height",
"text": "One World Trade Center is the second-tallest freestanding structure in the Western Hemisphere, as the CN Tower in Toronto exceeds One World Trade Center's pinnacle height by approximately 40 ft (12.2 m)."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1971–2001) | Construction",
"text": "After extensive negotiations, the New Jersey and New York State governments, which supervise the Port Authority, consented to the construction of the World Trade Center at the Radio Row site, located in the lower-west area of Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Owners and tenants",
"text": "One World Trade Center is principally owned by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Sustainability",
"text": "Like all of the new facilities at the World Trade Center site, One World Trade Center is heated by steam, with limited oil or natural gas utilities on-site."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1971–2001) | Specifications and operations",
"text": "One World Trade Center was the North Tower, and Two World Trade Center was the South Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1971–2001) | Incidents",
"text": "At the time, the World Trade Center complex had no fire sprinkler systems."
}
] |
One World Trade Center is the main building in the World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan and is the second tallest structure in New York City.
| 1 | 3 |
One World Trade Center
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second-most populous country, the seventh-largest country by area, and the most populous democracy in the world."
}
] |
Nsf00MvLpdAW0E5ep7QX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industries",
"text": "India is among the top 12 biotech destinations in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "However, the country ranks 139th in the world in nominal GDP per capita and 118th in GDP per capita at PPP."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports and recreation",
"text": "Other sports in which Indians have succeeded internationally include badminton (Saina Nehwal and P V Sindhu are two of the top-ranked female badminton players in the world), boxing, and wrestling."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second-most populous country, the seventh-largest country by area, and the most populous democracy in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern India",
"text": "After World War I, in which approximately one million Indians served, a new period began."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "With seven of the world's top 15 information technology outsourcing companies based in India, as of 2009, the country is viewed as the second-most favourable outsourcing destination after the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Socio-economic challenges",
"text": "According to the Corruption Perceptions Index, India ranked 78th out of 180 countries in 2018 with a score of 41 out of 100, an improvement from 85th in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports and recreation",
"text": "Major domestic competitions include the Indian Premier League, which is the most-watched cricket league in the world and ranks sixth among all sports leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "India's foreign exchange remittances of US$70 billion in 2014, the largest in the world, were contributed to its economy by 25 million Indians working in foreign countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "India is a nuclear weapons state, which ranks high in military expenditure."
}
] |
India is the one of the most crowded countries in the world ranked in the top three.
| 0 | 0 |
India
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "José de la Caridad Méndez (March 19, 1887 – October 31, 1928) was a Cuban right-handed pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro Leagues."
}
] |
NsrvhvMiXLr9dmKJ9JW8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "The average major league winning percentage of the opposing pitchers he faced was .595; he faced star pitchers including Eddie Plank, whom he beat twice, and Chief Bender, whom he beat once."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "He is a natural ballplayer if there ever was one and with his pitching it is no wonder that the Cubans win games ... At that, he is a remarkable pitcher, and if he were a white man would command a good position on any Major League club in the circuits."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "In 1907 Méndez was discovered by Bebé Royer of the Almendares team in the Cuban League."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "A relatively small man (5 feet, 10 inches, 152 pounds), he threw a hard fast ball with a deceptively easy motion and a snapping curve."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "His first Cuban League season (January–March 1908), he went 9–0, and, along with veteran Joseíto Muñoz, led the Almendares Blues to the Cuban League pennant."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "That summer he made his United States debut with the Cuban Stars and also went 3–0 for the Brooklyn Royal Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "In the fall of 1908, in the middle of the Second Occupation of Cuba, Méndez pitched the games that established him as a legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "The Cincinnati Reds were visiting Havana playing the Cuban League teams, and Méndez completely dominated, pitching 25 consecutive scoreless innings in 3 appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "In his first start, he allowed just one single, by Miller Huggins in the 9th inning, while striking out nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "His next appearance came in relief, where he held the Reds scoreless for 7 innings on just 2 hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "José de la Caridad Méndez (March 19, 1887 – October 31, 1928) was a Cuban right-handed pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro Leagues."
}
] |
Jose Mendez was a Puerto Rican pitcher.
| 0 | 0 |
José Méndez
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary | The Creature's narrative",
"text": "Intelligent and articulate, the Creature relates his first days of life, living alone in the wilderness and finding that people were afraid of and hated him due to his appearance, which led him to fear and hide from them."
}
] |
NsuQLiHK5NlQtuC2ObpN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary | Victor Frankenstein's narrative resumes",
"text": "Victor is convinced that the Creature is evil and that its mate would be evil as well, and the pair would threaten all humanity."
},
{
"section_header": "Films, plays, and television",
"text": "2014 : Penny Dreadful is a horror TV series that airs on Showtime, that features Victor Frankenstein as well as his Creature."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | The Creature",
"text": "Furthermore, the 1939 film Son of Frankenstein introduced an evil laboratory assistant, Ygor (Bela Lugosi), who never existed in the original narrative."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | The Creature",
"text": "In 1908 one author said \"It is strange to note how well-nigh universally the term \"Frankenstein\" is misused, even by intelligent people, as describing some hideous monster\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | The Creature",
"text": "This also occurs in Frankenstein films, including Bride of Frankenstein (1935) and several subsequent films, as well as in film titles such as Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Thus two seminal horror tales originated from the conclave."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | Victor Frankenstein's name",
"text": "he wrote with his sister Elizabeth, Original Poetry by Victor and Cazire."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "The group talked about Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment ideas as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | The Creature",
"text": "John Milton, Paradise Lost (X. 743–45)Although the creature was described in later works as a composite of whole body parts grafted together from cadavers and reanimated by the use of electricity, this description is not consistent with Shelley's work; both the use of electricity and the cobbled-together image of Frankenstein's monster were more the result of James Whale's popular 1931 film adaptation of the story, and other early motion-picture works based upon the creature."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Frankenstein has been both well received and disregarded since its anonymous publication in 1818."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | The Creature's narrative",
"text": "Intelligent and articulate, the Creature relates his first days of life, living alone in the wilderness and finding that people were afraid of and hated him due to his appearance, which led him to fear and hide from them."
}
] |
In the original story the Creature was not well spoken and unintelligent.
| 0 | 0 |
Frankenstein
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following constitutional amendments that removed term limits for the president, he was able to stand and was elected president of Uganda in the 2011 and in the 2016 general elections."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The current president of Uganda is Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, who came to power in January 1986 after a protracted six-year guerrilla war."
}
] |
NtMCIy658dmJCu6QKIfV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "English was the only official language until the constitution was amended in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "Obote abolished the constitution and effectively suspended elections due in a few months."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following constitutional amendments that removed term limits for the president, he was able to stand and was elected president of Uganda in the 2011 and in the 2016 general elections."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "Second – the security forces – the British colonialists had recruited the army and police almost exclusively from Northern Uganda due to their perceived suitability for these roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The current president of Uganda is Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, who came to power in January 1986 after a protracted six-year guerrilla war."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1979–present",
"text": "Yoweri Museveni has been president since his forces toppled the previous regime in January 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "The Kabaka particularly disliked the DP leader, Benedicto Kiwanuka."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and infrastructure | Water supply and sanitation",
"text": "The water and sanitation sector was recognised as a key area under the 2004 Poverty Eradication Action Plan (PEAP), Uganda's main strategy paper to fight poverty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "At local level where the UPC dominated most councils discontent began to challenge incumbent council leaders."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Corruption",
"text": "Amendment) Act, passed in 2006, has stifled the productivity of NGOs through erecting barriers to entry, activity, funding and assembly within the sector."
}
] |
Uganda has had the same leader since 1986 due to fighting and amendments..
| 4 | 4 |
Uganda
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cost and valuation",
"text": "Antilia is the world's most expensive private home, costing approximately US$2 billion."
}
] |
NtS8vgDpI41ITaKY6I7j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Cost and valuation",
"text": "Antilia is the world's most expensive private home, costing approximately US$2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is located on Altamount Road, Cumballa Hill in Mumbai."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of May 2020, it is valued at $2.2 billion, deemed to be the world's second most valuable residential property, after British crown property Buckingham Palace, and the world's most valuable private residence."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In regards to the three helipads, the Indian Navy said it will not allow the construction of helipads on Mumbai buildings, while the Environment Ministry, following a representation from Awaaz Foundation, said the helipads violate local noise laws."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the residence of Indian billionaire Mukesh Ambani and his family, who moved into it in 2012; at 27-storeys, 173 metres (567.585 feet) tall, over 400,000 square feet (37,161 square meters), and with amenities such as three helipads, a 168-car garage, a ballroom, 80-seat theater, terrace gardens, spa, and a temple, the skyscraper-mansion is one of world's largest and most elaborate private homes."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2011 it was reported that Ambani had yet to move into the home, despite its completion, for fear of \"bad luck\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & Company Ltd. The home has 27 floors with extra-high ceilings. (Other buildings of equivalent height may have as many as 60 floors.) The home was also designed to survive an earthquake rated 8 on the Richter scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "This charitable institution had sold the land allocated for the purpose of education of underprivileged Khoja children to Antilla Commercial Private Limited in July 2002 for ₹210.5 million (US$3.0 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2005, this property was purchased by Muffin-Antilla Commercial Private Limited, a commercial entity controlled by Mukesh Ambani, from the Currimbhoy Ebrahim Khoja Trust, in direct contravention of § 51 of the Wakf Act."
}
] |
Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India, the world's most expensive private home.
| 0 | 0 |
Antilia (building)
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like Mourning Becomes Electra, Desire Under the Elms signifies an attempt by O'Neill to adapt plot elements and themes of Greek tragedy to a rural New England setting."
}
] |
NteGGWNHDULzyGkdE6yq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Desire Under the Elms is a 1924 play written by Eugene O'Neill."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Desire Under the Elms was inspired by plot elements and characters from the Euripides play Hippolytus."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "O'Neill takes this one step further in Desire Under the Elms and makes Abbie's misguided actions the begetting and murder of her child."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "\" This can be seen in Desire under the Elms through Eben's opinion that Ephraim worked his mother to death and largely drives the plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "In Desire Under the Elms: In the Light of Strindberg's Influence, Murray Hartman also saw strong parallels between Desire Under the Elms and the work of August Strindberg, writing \"At any rate, there is hardly a plot element in the play that cannot be traced to one or more sources in Strindberg.\" He details several elements of O'Neill and Strindberg's biographies that are similar, and how they manifest in Desire Under the Elms, in addition to naming several specific works of Strindberg's, such as The People of Hemsö, The Bridal Crown, and The Son of a Servant."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like Mourning Becomes Electra, Desire Under the Elms signifies an attempt by O'Neill to adapt plot elements and themes of Greek tragedy to a rural New England setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Broadway (1952) – Directed by Harold Clurman, produced by The American National Theater and Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "After two months at the Greenwich Village Theater, this production transferred to Broadway and played an additional nine months, first at the Earl Carroll Theatre, then at George M. Cohan's Theater and finally at Daly's 63rd Street Theatre, for a total of 420 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Broadway (2009) – Transfer of the Goodman production; opened April 27, 2009 at the St. James Theater, 32 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "This play was adapted by Balwant Gargi (under the name \"Balde Tibbe\") in Punjabi, Department of Drama and Dramatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, as the second—year final production of 2015."
}
] |
Desire Under the Elms was written to emulate the Roman tradition of theater.
| 0 | 4 |
Desire Under the Elms
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Located in the eastern part of Canada, and (from a historical and political perspective) part of Central Canada, Quebec occupies a territory nearly three times the size of France or Texas, most of which is very sparsely populated."
}
] |
Ntm0f3CD4pijFnQwerYq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "This is a legacy of colonial times when only Roman Catholics were permitted to settle in New France."
},
{
"section_header": "Science and technology",
"text": "Olivier Daigle and Claude Carignan, astrophysicists from Université de Montréal have invented an astronomical camera approximately 500 times more powerful than those currently on the market."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "This sport, which was played for the first time on March 3, 1875, at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal and promoted over the years by numerous achievements, including the centenary of the Montreal Canadiens, still raises passions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Seven Years' War and capitulation of New France",
"text": "It came at a time when no declaration of war had been issued by either country."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Circus and street art",
"text": "Although they may appear randomly from time to time during the year, they are always visible in the cultural events such as the Winterlude in Gatineau, the Quebec Winter Carnival, the Gatineau Hot Air Balloon Festival, the Quebec City Summer Festival, the Just for Laughs Festival in Montreal and the Festival of New France in Quebec."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Vegetation",
"text": "Deciduous forests cover approximately 6.6% of the area of Quebec."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New France",
"text": "It was the first province of New France."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Approximately 1.1 million Quebecers work in the field of science and technology."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New France",
"text": "la Verendrye 1734–1738).After 1627, King Louis XIII of France allowed the Company of New France to introduced the seigneurial system and forbade settlement in New France by anyone other than Roman Catholics."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Located in the eastern part of Canada, and (from a historical and political perspective) part of Central Canada, Quebec occupies a territory nearly three times the size of France or Texas, most of which is very sparsely populated."
}
] |
Quebec is approximately 3 times bigger than France.
| 0 | 0 |
Quebec
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rigveda Samhita is the core text, and is a collection of 10 books (maṇḍalas) with 1,028 hymns (sūktas) in about 10,600 verses (called ṛc, eponymous of the name Rigveda)."
}
] |
NtogK4NI5gJWQdDNfdy1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Commentaries and Translations | Western and other Authors",
"text": "H.D. Velankar's translations published over the 1950s and 1960s were significant improvements over Griffith's translation."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Manuscripts",
"text": "The manuscripts were made from birch bark or palm leaves, which decompose and therefore were routinely copied over the generations to help preserve the text."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Collection and organisation",
"text": "According to Witzel, the initial collection took place after the Bharata victory in the Battle of the Ten Kings, under king Sudās, over other Puru kings."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Hymns",
"text": "The hymns of the Rigveda are in different poetic metres in Vedic Sanskrit."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Hymns",
"text": "Hymn 1.1 is addressed to Agni, and his name is the first word of the Rigveda."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents",
"text": "Altogether the Rigveda consists of: the Samhita (hymns to the deities, the oldest part of the Rigveda) the Brahmanas, commentaries on the hymns"
},
{
"section_header": "Contents | Hymns",
"text": "This Mandala is dated to have been added to Rigveda after Mandala 2 through 9, and includes the philosophical Riddle Hymn 1.164, which inspires chapters in later Upanishads such as the Mundaka."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Manuscripts | Versions",
"text": "Müller used 24 manuscripts then available to him in Europe, while the Pune Edition used over five dozen manuscripts, but the editors of Pune Edition could not procure many manuscripts used by Müller and by the Bombay Edition, as well as from some other sources; hence the total number of extant manuscripts known then must surpass perhaps eighty at least."
},
{
"section_header": "Text | Manuscripts",
"text": "The Rigveda hymns were composed and preserved by oral tradition."
},
{
"section_header": "Dating & Timeline | Arya Samaj and Aurobindo movements",
"text": "Aurobindo attempted to interpret hymns to Agni in the Rigveda as mystical."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rigveda Samhita is the core text, and is a collection of 10 books (maṇḍalas) with 1,028 hymns (sūktas) in about 10,600 verses (called ṛc, eponymous of the name Rigveda)."
}
] |
The RigVeda has over a thousand hymns.
| 2 | 4 |
Rig Veda
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi), Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the fourth largest in the Americas, the second largest in South America after Brazil, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation by area."
}
] |
NtvrOjemObDMIwfIYH5l
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnography",
"text": "Between 1857 and 1950 Argentina was the country with the second biggest immigration wave in the world, at 6.6 million, second only to the United States in the numbers of immigrants received (27 million) and ahead of other areas of new settlement like Canada, Brazil and Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi), Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the fourth largest in the Americas, the second largest in South America after Brazil, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation by area."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "In addition, Argentina has since long been one of the top five wine-producing countries in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Argentina ranks third in South America in total population, fourth in Latin America and 33rd globally."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Argentina is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world hosting one of the greatest ecosystem varieties in the world: 15 continental zones, 2 marine zones, and the Antarctic region are all represented in its territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health care",
"text": "Though these figures compare favorably with global averages, they fall short of levels in developed nations and in 2006, Argentina ranked fourth in Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise of the modern nation",
"text": "Argentina stayed neutral during World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Access to biocapacity in Argentina is much higher than world average."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Argentina hosted the Basketball World Cup in 1950 and 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "The country has the highest consumption of red meat in the world, traditionally prepared as asado, the Argentine barbecue."
}
] |
Argentina is the fourth biggest country in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Argentina
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Isotopes | Natural concentrations",
"text": "Natural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Biotic and abiotic",
"text": "Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined with other elements."
}
] |
Nu2tlBVzdt0uoeqptCxj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Biotic and abiotic",
"text": "was (7.0±1.6)×10−5. Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water."
},
{
"section_header": "Isotopes | Enrichment",
"text": "In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%)."
},
{
"section_header": "Compounds | Oxidation states and oxides | Oxides",
"text": "Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Biotic and abiotic",
"text": "Uranium is also the highest-numbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth and is almost always found combined with other elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "Uranium-235 was the first isotope that was found to be fissile."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, because of the tiny amounts found in nature, uranium needs to undergo enrichment so that enough uranium-235 is present."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2739–99.2752%), uranium-235 (0.7198–0.7202%), and a very small amount of uranium-234 (0.0050–0.0059%)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Fission research",
"text": "Further work found that the far more common uranium-238 isotope can be transmuted into plutonium, which, like uranium-235, is also fissile by thermal neutrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Isotopes | Natural concentrations",
"text": "Natural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Fission research",
"text": "Confirmation of this hypothesis came in 1939, and later work found that on average about 2.5 neutrons are released by each fission of the rare uranium isotope uranium-235."
}
] |
Uranium oxides in nature are found in four types of staple isotopes and is never found in water.
| 0 | 0 |
Uranium
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Negro leagues",
"text": "Of mixed-race, Campanella was considered on the wrong side of the baseball color line and prohibited from MLB play."
}
] |
Nv3d4NoYuT9Gn6LS23iw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roy Campanella (November 19, 1921 – June 26, 1993), nicknamed \"Campy\", was an American baseball player, primarily as a catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Campanella was the first African American to manage Caucasian players of an organized professional baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Negro leagues",
"text": "Of mixed-race, Campanella was considered on the wrong side of the baseball color line and prohibited from MLB play."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was born Roy Campanella in Philadelphia to parents Ida, who was African American, and John Campanella, son of Italian immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in 1948 for the Brooklyn Dodgers, for whom he played until 1957."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Jackie Robinson's first season in the major leagues came in 1947, and Campanella began his MLB career with the Brooklyn Dodgers the following season, playing his first game on April 20, 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Campanella received the Most Valuable Player (MVP) award in the National League three times: in 1951, 1953, and 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "After the Dodgers lost the first two games of the series to the Yankees, Campanella began Brooklyn's comeback by hitting a two-out, two-run home run in the first inning of Game 3."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Campanella moved into the Brooklyn Dodgers' minor league system in 1946 as the Dodger organization began preparations to break the MLB color barrier with Jackie Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1999, Campanella ranked number 50 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
}
] |
American baseball player Roy Campanella was not allowed to play in white leagues like MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Roy Campanella
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Views on religion",
"text": "According to Speer, Hitler believed that Japanese religious beliefs or Islam would have been a more suitable religion for Germans than Christianity, with its \"meekness and flabbiness\"."
}
] |
NvaEYoDehHK0VfHdXSoj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Entry into politics | Beer Hall Putsch and Landsberg Prison",
"text": "Including time on remand, Hitler served just over one year in prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "Kershaw feels that it is better to take a broader view of German history by examining what social forces led to the Nazi dictatorship and its policies rather than to pursue narrow explanations for the Holocaust and World War II based on only one person."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Defeat and death",
"text": "Hitler responded by having Göring arrested, and in his last will and testament of 29 April, he removed Göring from all government positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich",
"text": "Hitler later claimed that he did not wish to serve the Habsburg Empire because of the mixture of races in its army and his belief that the collapse of Austria-Hungary was imminent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | World War I",
"text": "According to a 1924 report by the Bavarian authorities, allowing Hitler to serve was almost certainly an administrative error, since as an Austrian citizen, he should have been returned to Austria."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Dictatorship",
"text": "Having achieved full control over the legislative and executive branches of government, Hitler and his allies began to suppress the remaining opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Day of Potsdam and the Enabling Act",
"text": "To achieve full political control despite not having an absolute majority in parliament, Hitler's government brought the Ermächtigungsgesetz ("
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Early adulthood in Vienna and Munich",
"text": "He read newspapers and pamphlets that published the thoughts of philosophers and theoreticians such as Houston Stewart Chamberlain, Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Gustave Le Bon and Arthur Schopenhauer."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Early diplomatic successes | Austria and Czechoslovakia",
"text": "In April 1938 Henlein told the foreign minister of Hungary that \"whatever the Czech government might offer, he would always raise still higher demands ... he wanted to sabotage an understanding by any means because this was the only method to blow up Czechoslovakia quickly\"."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Path to defeat",
"text": "His generals disagreed with this change, having advanced within 400 km (250 mi) of Moscow, and his decision caused a crisis among the military leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Views on religion",
"text": "According to Speer, Hitler believed that Japanese religious beliefs or Islam would have been a more suitable religion for Germans than Christianity, with its \"meekness and flabbiness\"."
}
] |
Hitler thought that Germans would have been better served by Asian or Middle-Eastern methods of worship.
| 1 | 2 |
Adolf Hitler
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Parallels have been drawn between the novel's subject matter and real life instances of totalitarianism, communism, mass surveillance, and violations of freedom of expression among other themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Censorship",
"text": "A major theme of Nineteen Eighty-Four is censorship, especially in the Ministry of Truth, where photographs are modified and public archives rewritten to rid them of \"unpersons\" (persons who are erased from history by the Party)."
}
] |
Nx3eGbEmxzlZ77eey4wB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "1985 parodies many of the main scenes in Orwell's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources for literary motifs",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four uses themes from life in the Soviet Union and wartime life in Great Britain as sources for many of its motifs."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "\"In the world of Nineteen Eighty-Four, \"English Socialism\" (or \"Ingsoc\" in Newspeak) is a totalitarian ideology unlike the English revolution he foresaw."
},
{
"section_header": "World in novel | Doublethink",
"text": "Like so many Newspeak words, this word has two mutually contradictory meanings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thematically, Nineteen Eighty-Four centres on the consequences of government over-reach, totalitarianism, mass surveillance, and repressive regimentation of all persons and behaviours within society."
},
{
"section_header": "World in novel | The Revolution",
"text": "Eventually, Ingsoc won out and gradually formed a totalitarian government across Oceania."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four is a cautionary tale about revolution betrayed by totalitarian defenders previously proposed in Homage to Catalonia (1938) and Animal Farm (1945), while Coming Up for Air (1939) celebrates the personal and political freedoms lost in Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949)."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources for literary motifs",
"text": "It was too much for many of the fellow-travellers like Gollancz"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four also popularised the adjective \"Orwellian\", connoting things such as official deception, secret surveillance, brazenly misleading terminology, and manipulation of recorded history by a totalitarian or authoritarian state."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "It is thought to be loosely based on the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Parallels have been drawn between the novel's subject matter and real life instances of totalitarianism, communism, mass surveillance, and violations of freedom of expression among other themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Censorship",
"text": "A major theme of Nineteen Eighty-Four is censorship, especially in the Ministry of Truth, where photographs are modified and public archives rewritten to rid them of \"unpersons\" (persons who are erased from history by the Party)."
}
] |
The novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is about many issues like totalitarianism and censoring.
| 0 | 2 |
Nineteen Eighty-Four
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Red algae, or Rhodophyta ( roh-DOF-it-ə, ROH-də-FY-tə; from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhodon), meaning 'rose', and φυτόν (phyton),"
}
] |
Ny14vZcEQMDwDizUJzfZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chemistry",
"text": "Photosynthetic pigments of Rhodophyta are chlorophylls a and d. Red algae are red due to phycoerythrin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rhodophyta also comprises one of the largest phyla of algae, containing over 7,000"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Red algae, or Rhodophyta ( roh-DOF-it-ə, ROH-də-FY-tə; from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhodon), meaning 'rose', and φυτόν (phyton),"
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Species of red algae",
"text": "Some examples of species and genera of red algae are: Cyanidioschyzon merolae, a primitive red alga"
},
{
"section_header": "Genomes and transcriptomes of red algae",
"text": "Listed below are the 10 complete genomes of red algae."
},
{
"section_header": "Genomes and transcriptomes of red algae",
"text": "As enlisted in realDB, 27 complete transcriptomes and 10 complete genomes sequences of red algae are available."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Species of red algae",
"text": "Over 7,000 species are currently described for the red algae, but the taxonomy is in constant flux with new species described each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Fossil record | Relationship to other algae",
"text": "Chromista and Alveolata algae (e.g., chrysophytes, diatoms, phaeophytes, dinophytes) seem to have evolved from bikonts that have acquired red algae as endosymbionts."
},
{
"section_header": "Fossil record | Relationship to other algae",
"text": "According to this theory, over time these endosymbiont red algae have evolved to become chloroplasts."
},
{
"section_header": "Morphology | Pit connections and pit plugs | Pit connections",
"text": "In red algae, cytokinesis is incomplete."
}
] |
Rhodophyta are red algae.
| 0 | 0 |
Rhodophyta
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "One inspiration for his character appears to be the Scottish surgeon John Hunter."
}
] |
NyymfO7ZGcGZDHVUp9zh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Stories",
"text": "The Story of Doctor Dolittle: Being the History of His Peculiar Life at Home and Astonishing Adventures in Foreign Parts"
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "One inspiration for his character appears to be the Scottish surgeon John Hunter."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in other languages",
"text": "Norwegian playwright, songwriter, and illustrator, Thorbjørn Egner, made an album called Doktor Dyregod (Doctor good-toward-animals) with songs and story based on Doctor Dolittle."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in other languages",
"text": "Entertainment Ltd Entertainment Ltd A Russian children's novel Doctor Aybolit (Doctor Oh-it-hurts) by Korney Chukovsky (first published in 1924) was loosely based on the stories of Doctor Dolittle."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories",
"text": "\"Doctor Dolittle Meets a Londoner in Paris\" is a short story included in The Flying Carpet, pp. 110–19 (1925), an anthology of children's short stories and poems with illustrations by Cynthia Asquith."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories",
"text": "Doctor Dolittle's Birthday Book (1936) is a little day-book illustrated with pictures and quotations from the earlier stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories",
"text": "The next three, Doctor Dolittle's Post Office (1923), Doctor Dolittle's Circus (1924), and Doctor Dolittle's Caravan (1926) take place during and/or after the events of The Story of Doctor Dolittle."
},
{
"section_header": "Stories",
"text": "The stories, in order of publication, are: The Story of Doctor Dolittle (1920) The Voyages of Doctor Dolittle (1922) Doctor Dolittle's Post Office (1923) Doctor Dolittle's Circus (1924) \"Doctor Dolittle Meets a Londoner in Paris\" (1925) Doctor Dolittle's Zoo (1925) Doctor Dolittle's Caravan (1926) Doctor Dolittle's Garden (1927) Doctor Dolittle in the Moon (1928) Gub Gub's Book: An Encyclopaedia of Food (1932) Doctor Dolittle's Return (1933) Doctor Dolittle's Birthday Book (1936) Doctor Dolittle and the Secret Lake (copyrighted 1923, but not published until 1948) Doctor Dolittle and the Green Canary (1950) Doctor Dolittle's Puddleby Adventures (1952) \"The Sea Dog\" \"Dapple\" \"The Dog Ambulance\" \"The Stunned Man\" \"The Crested Screamers\" \"The Green Breasted Martins\" \"The Story of the Maggot\" \"The Lost Boy\"Gub Gub's Book: An Encyclopaedia of Food (1932) is purportedly written by the pig."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "und seine Tiere (Doctor Dolittle and his Animals), a silent animated short in German by Lotte Reiniger 1970–1972: Doctor Dolittle animated TV series, produced at DePatie-Freleng Enterprises for 20th Century Fox TelevisionThe Voyages of Doctor Dolittle (ドリトルせんせいものがたり) (1984, U.S.-Japan coproduction, not aired in Japan until 1997) 2011: The Voyages of Young Doctor Dolittle direct-to-video animated film, starring Jane Seymour, Jason Alexander, and Tim CurryAudio: 1933–1934: NBC radio series 1995–2001: BBC audio books read by Alan BennettStages 1973: stage adaptation by the Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale, which was used during their concert tour to Belgium and Kenya 1998: Doctor Dolittle stage musical by Leslie Bricusse, based on the 1967 film musical 2007: stage musical adaptation by TheatreWorksUSA, written by Randy Courts and Mark St. GermainFilm: 1967: Doctor Dolittle, starring Rex Harrison 1998: Dr. Dolittle and its sequels: Dr. Dolittle 2 (2001), Dr. Dolittle 3 (2006),"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Story of Doctor Dolittle."
}
] |
The story was based off of a real life surgeon.
| 0 | 0 |
Doctor Dolittle
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War",
"text": "By June 1776, he had been promoted to Major General and given command of the Canadian Department to replace John Sullivan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War",
"text": "On June 17, 1775, Congress commissioned Gates as a Brigadier General and Adjutant General of the Continental Army."
}
] |
Nz9lS9jwXf8I28NX5ntg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Seven Years War",
"text": "In 1759 he was made brigade major to Brigadier General John Stanwix, a position he continued when General Robert Monckton took over Stanwix's command in 1760."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Seven Years War",
"text": "Gates served under Monckton in the capture of Martinique in 1762, although he saw little combat."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War",
"text": "By June 1776, he had been promoted to Major General and given command of the Canadian Department to replace John Sullivan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War",
"text": "On June 17, 1775, Congress commissioned Gates as a Brigadier General and Adjutant General of the Continental Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War",
"text": "The retreat from Quebec to Fort Ticonderoga also brought Gates into conflict with the authority of Major General Philip Schuyler, commander of the army's Northern Department, which retained jurisdiction over Ticonderoga."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Seven Years War",
"text": "Monckton bestowed on him the honor of bringing news of the success to England, which brought him a promotion to major."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War",
"text": "He is considered to be the first Adjutant General of the United States Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Seven Years War",
"text": "During the French and Indian War, Gates served General Edward Braddock in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Horatio Gates was christened on April 30, 1727, in the Parish of St Nicholas, Deptford, Greenwich borough, in the English county of Kent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On Washington's recommendation, the Continental Congress made Gates the Adjutant General of the Continental Army in 1775."
}
] |
Gates was the very model of modern major general, in the army of the American continent and also in Kent in the year 1762.
| 0 | 0 |
Horatio Gates
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "In May, Southworth and his wife experienced the stillbirths of twins."
}
] |
NzO9BWzuhI3JgLxJdXS8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Southworth had a son, Billy Southworth Jr., and a cousin, Bill Southworth, who both played professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "With the exception of two seasons, Southworth played in at least that many games through 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Billy Southworth Jr. later became a professional baseball player for several seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Later managerial career",
"text": "11–5. Author John Rossi writes that Sain lost some respect for Southworth after the manager said the managing and not talent had won the 1948 pennant."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "Late in the season, Southworth received word that Billy Jr. had been accidentally shot by a neighbor in Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "Southworth was promoted to St. Louis as player-manager for 1929, replacing Bill McKechnie, who won a National League pennant in 1928 and lost the World Series in four straight games to the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Cardinals",
"text": "From 1942 to 1944, the Cardinals won 106, 105 and 105 games, three pennants and two World Series titles."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "Beset by struggles with alcoholism, he quit a coaching job with the 1933 Giants during spring training and left baseball for two seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He oversaw three pennant-winning St. Louis Cardinals teams, winning two World Series, and another pennant with the Boston Braves, the last National League title in Boston baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Cardinals",
"text": "However, another personal family tragedy struck when on February 15, 1945, his son, Billy Jr., by then a United States Army Air Forces major, died when his Boeing B-29 Superfortress crashed into Flushing Bay, New York after taking off from Mitchel Field, New York, on a training flight to Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "In May, Southworth and his wife experienced the stillbirths of twins."
}
] |
Billy Southworth lost two of his children at birth.
| 1 | 4 |
Billy Southworth
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pennock was born on February 10, 1894, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Herbert Jefferis Pennock (February 10, 1894 – January 30, 1948) was an American professional baseball pitcher and front-office executive."
}
] |
O0KXjAkLRXdC1BnHOjB4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Pennock made his major league debut with the Athletics during their 1912 season on May 14, allowing one hit in four innings pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He also grew flowers and vegetables on his farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Return to Boston",
"text": "In his last season pitching in the major leagues, Pennock served as a relief pitcher for the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pennock was born on February 10, 1894, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Herbert Jefferis Pennock (February 10, 1894 – January 30, 1948) was an American professional baseball pitcher and front-office executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball from 1912 through 1933, and is best known for his time spent with the star-studded New York Yankee teams of the mid to late 1920s and early 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Fred Heimach, a teammate of Pennock, once called him the smartest ball player he knew."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "During the pennant race, The Sporting News called Pennock the \"best left-hander in the majors\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included Pennock in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "The New York chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America named him their player of the year."
}
] |
Herbert Pennock was a major league player and grew up in Pennsylvania.
| 1 | 7 |
Herb Pennock
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Text",
"text": "The play was not printed until 1623, when it appeared in the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays."
}
] |
O0eFesGounGTmybyjkeB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "The exact date of composition of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is unknown, but it is generally believed to have been one of Shakespeare's earliest works."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Text",
"text": "The play was not printed until 1623, when it appeared in the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "Malone dated the play 1591, a modification of his earlier 1595 date from the third edition of The Plays of William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "However, Tarlton died in September 1588, and Warren notes several passages in Two Gentlemen which seem to borrow from John Lyly's Midas, which wasn't written until at least late-1589."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "It has been argued that Two Gentlemen may have been Shakespeare's first work for the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "As such, Warren acknowledges that 1590/1591 is most likely the correct date of composition."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "In his 2008 edition of the play for the Oxford Shakespeare, Roger Warren argues that the play is the oldest surviving piece of Shakespearean literature, suggesting a date of composition as somewhere between 1587 and 1591."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In 2000, episode three of season four of Dawson's Creek, \"Two Gentlemen of Capeside\" loosely adapted the plot of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "Whenever there are more than three characters on stage, at least one of those characters tends to fall silent."
}
] |
Though the date of writing is obscure, the play Two Gentlemen of Verona was not actually printed out as a whole until at least three decades after the latest possible date believed plausible.
| 0 | 3 |
Two Gentlemen of Verona
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Paul David Bunning (October 23, 1931 – May 26, 2017) was an American professional baseball pitcher and politician who represented Kentucky in both chambers of the United States Congress."
}
] |
O0fj0oPM5kc1QI2EYynA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "At the time of Bunning's death, Tony Clark, then serving as MLBPA's executive director, praised Bunning's union activities: \"Recognizing the need to ensure that all players receive fair representation in their dealings with major league club owners, Jim, along with a number of his peers, helped pave the way for generations of players.\" On December 18, 2008, the Lexington Herald Leader reported that Sen. Bunning's non-profit foundation, the Jim Bunning Foundation, has given less than 25 percent of its proceeds to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Paul David Bunning (October 23, 1931 – May 26, 2017) was an American professional baseball pitcher and politician who represented Kentucky in both chambers of the United States Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and family",
"text": "One of those grandchildren is Patrick Towles, a former starting quarterback for the University of Kentucky football team."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "Bunning Foundation board members include his wife Mary, and Cincinnati tire dealer Bob Sumerel."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "In 2008, records indicate that Bunning attended 10 baseball shows around the country and signed autographs, generating $61,631 in income for the charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Jim Bunning Foundation",
"text": "The charity has taken in $504,000 since 1996, according to Senate and tax records; during that period, Senator Bunning was paid $180,000 in salary by the foundation while working a reported one hour per week."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | First Senate term",
"text": "He was ranked by National Journal as the second-most conservative United States Senator in their March 2007 conservative/liberal rankings, after Sen. Jim DeMint (R-SC).."
},
{
"section_header": "Players union involvement",
"text": "By the time Bunning retired, the minimum salary and average salary for major league players had nearly doubled."
},
{
"section_header": "Players union involvement",
"text": "As a result, many players had to work in the off season."
},
{
"section_header": "Players union involvement",
"text": "Bunning became active with the MLBPA early in his career, including serving as the pension representative for the American League players and a member of the union's executive board."
}
] |
Jim Bunning was a football player and a politician for the state of Virginia.
| 1 | 1 |
Jim Bunning
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fredric March (born Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel; August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was an American actor, regarded as \"one of Hollywood's most celebrated, versatile stars of the 1930s and 1940s\"."
}
] |
O15lppNuflgEXiumYa8a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "March is one of only two actors, the other being Helen Hayes, to have won both the Academy Award and the Tony Award twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fredric March (born Ernest Frederick McIntyre Bickel; August 31, 1897 – April 14, 1975) was an American actor, regarded as \"one of Hollywood's most celebrated, versatile stars of the 1930s and 1940s\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for the 5th Academy Awards in 1932 for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (tied with Wallace Beery for The Champ, although March accrued one more vote than Beery)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "March also played one of two leads in The Desperate Hours (1955) with Humphrey Bogart."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Biographies of March include Fredric March: Craftsman First, Star Second by Deborah C. Peterson (1996), and Fredric March: A Consummate Actor (2013) by Charles Tranberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1938, March was one of many Hollywood personalities investigated by the House of Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) and the hunt for Communists in the film community."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He won two Best Actor Tony Awards: in 1947 for the play"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931) and The Best Years of Our Lives (1946), as well as the Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for Years Ago (1947) and Long Day's Journey into Night (1956)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "However, March read the play and turned down the role, whereupon director Elia Kazan cast Lee J. Cobb as Willy, and Arthur Kennedy as one of Willy's sons, Biff Loman, two men that the director had worked with in the film Boomerang (1947)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In the 1960s, March's film career continued with a performance as President Jordan Lyman in the political thriller Seven Days in May (1964), in which he co-starred with Burt Lancaster, Kirk Douglas, and Edmond O'Brien; the part earned March a Golden Globe nomination as Best Actor."
}
] |
March was one of the most popular actors of the 30s and 40s.
| 0 | 0 |
Fredric March
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps",
"text": "In January 1942, after World War II began, Williams was drafted into the military, being put into Class 1-A."
}
] |
O1Wc3jjsMrvzxA4zzDrk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "When his classification was changed to 1-A following the American entry into World War II, Williams appealed to his local draft board."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Williams served as a Naval Aviator during World War II and the Korean War."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "The draft board ruled that his draft status should not have been changed."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "\" Pesky again described Williams' acumen in the advance training, for which Pesky personally did not qualify: \" I heard Ted literally tore the sleeve target to shreds with his angle dives."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps",
"text": "In January 1942, after World War II began, Williams was drafted into the military, being put into Class 1-A."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Williams was in Pearl Harbor awaiting orders to join the Fleet in the Western Pacific when the War in the Pacific ended."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Ted could make a plane and its six 'pianos' (machine guns) play like a symphony orchestra\", Pesky says."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Williams had been classified 3-A by Selective Service prior to the war, a dependency deferment because he was his mother's sole means of financial support."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1950–1955",
"text": "After the baseball season, Williams' elbow hurt so much he considered retirement, since he thought he would never be able to hit again."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "Unlike many other major league players, he did not spend all of his war-time playing on service teams."
}
] |
Ted Williams was drafted into World War II causing Williams to loose his Kellogg's sponser and he never ate Kellogg's food again.
| 3 | 5 |
Ted Williams
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1984 she made her film debut in Blood Simple, the first film by the Coen brothers."
}
] |
O22dSoZcZCIAgWaq3Tlp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frances Louise McDormand (born Cynthia Ann Smith, June 23, 1957) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was adopted at one and a half years of age by Noreen (Nickelson) and Vernon McDormand and renamed Frances Louise McDormand."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1984 she made her film debut in Blood Simple, the first film by the Coen brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McDormand made her Broadway debut in a 1984 revival of the drama Awake and Sing!, and received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her acclaimed performance as Stella Kowalski in a 1988 revival of A Streetcar Named Desire."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "McDormand has been married to director Joel Coen since 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McDormand's first professional acting job was in Derek Walcott's play In a Fine Castle also known as The Last Carnival, which was funded by the MacArthur Foundation and performed in Trinidad."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She then appeared in the action movie Transformers: Dark of the Moon, playing the US government's National Intelligence Director, alongside her Burn After Reading co-star John Malkovich."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On television, McDormand played the titular protagonist in the HBO miniseries Olive Kitteridge (2014), which won her the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has starred in a number of films by the Coen brothers, including Blood Simple (1984), Raising Arizona (1987), Fargo (1996), The Man"
}
] |
Frances Louise McDormand's movie debut was in 1984.
| 0 | 3 |
Frances McDormand
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Dutch ancestry."
}
] |
O2eYCfoqS8y1MLJCmG7B
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "Clint is a true artist in every respect."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Ebert, in contrast, gave the film three stars and called it \"classic Clint Eastwood: fast, furious, and funny."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that film was \"the best and funniest Clint Eastwood movie in quite a while\", and praised Eastwood's directing, intricately juxtaposing the old West and the new West."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He transferred to Oakland Technical High School and was scheduled to graduate mid-year in January 1949, although it is not clear if he did. \" Clint graduated from the airplane shop."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "It was hailed as one of the best films of 1985 and the best western to appear for a considerable period, with Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune remarking, \"This year (1985) will go down in film history as the moment Clint Eastwood finally earned respect as an artist\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Clint and Jeanne grew older, Ruth took a clerical job at IBM.Eastwood attended Piedmont Middle School, where he was held back due to poor academic scores, and records indicated he also had to attend summer school."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "Hereafter received mixed reviews from critics, with the consensus at Rotten Tomatoes being, \"Despite a thought-provoking premise and Clint Eastwood's typical flair as director, Hereafter fails to generate much compelling drama, straddling the line between poignant sentimentality and hokey tedium."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1960s",
"text": "The 38-year-old actor was still relatively unknown as late as a month prior to the film's release, as evidenced by a July 1968 news item by syndicated columnist Dorothy Manners: \"The proverbial man in the street is still asking, 'Who's Clint Eastwood?'\" Leonard arranged for Hang 'Em High to be a joint production with United Artists; when it opened in August 1968, it had the largest opening weekend in United Artists' history."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "The film met with generally positive reviews; Roger Ebert gave it three and a half stars and described it as a \"very good film... with moments evoking great emotion,\" while Variety's Todd McCarthy wrote, \"Inspirational on the face of it, Clint Eastwood's film has a predictable trajectory, but every scene brims with surprising details that accumulate into a rich fabric of history, cultural impressions and emotion."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1950s: Early career struggles",
"text": "Eastwood was not especially happy with his character; Eastwood was almost 30, and Rowdy was too young and cloddish for Eastwood's comfort."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is of English, Irish, Scottish, and Dutch ancestry."
}
] |
Clint Eastwood has roots from England.
| 0 | 0 |
Clint Eastwood
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and two Golden Globe Awards."
}
] |
O2sGEmuNCLebIgPg1dbF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bates received yet another Emmy Award nomination, in the category of Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or Movie, for Lifetime Television's Ambulance Girl (2006), which she also directed."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "For her performance in this film, she received a BAFTA Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 2000, Bates received another Emmy Award nomination for her turn as Miss Hannigan in Disney's remake of Annie (1999)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She received further Emmy Award nominations for each season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1995, Bates played the title character in Dolores Claiborne, another well-received Stephen King adaptation, for which she was nominated for Best Actress at the 22nd Saturn Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She moved to New York City in 1970 to pursue an acting career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1996, Bates received her first Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie, for her performance as Jay Leno's manager Helen Kushnick in HBO's The Late Shift (1996)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She also directed several episodes of the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "On September 20, 2016, Bates received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for her work in the film industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 2002, she received her third Academy Award nomination, again in the Best Supporting Actress category, for performance as an aging free-spirited woman in About Schmidt, opposite Jack Nicholson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including an Academy Award, two Primetime Emmy Awards, and two Golden Globe Awards."
}
] |
Bates has received many many awards for her acting and directing.
| 0 | 0 |
Kathy Bates
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johannes Brahms (German: [joˈhanəs ˈbʁaːms]; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the Romantic period."
}
] |
O2wVD7DW2Bv2hvTeFUCN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johannes Brahms (German: [joˈhanəs ˈbʁaːms]; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the Romantic period."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "As Johann Jakob prospered, the family moved over the years to ever better accommodation in Hamburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "Johannes Brahms was born in 1833; his sister Elisabeth (Elise) had been born in 1831 and a younger brother Fritz Friedrich (Fritz) was born in 1835."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Maturity (1862–1876)",
"text": "From 1864 to 1876 he spent many of his summers in Lichtental, today part of Baden-Baden, where Clara Schumann and her family also spent some time."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style and influences",
"text": "”The early Romantic composers had a major influence on Brahms, particularly Schumann, who encouraged Brahms as a young composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Beliefs",
"text": "Brahms was baptised into the Lutheran church as an infant, and was confirmed at aged fifteen (at St. Michael's Church, Hamburg), but has been described as an agnostic and a humanist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "In 1847 Brahms made his first public appearance as a solo pianist in Hamburg, playing a fantasy by Sigismund Thalberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Maturity (1862–1876)",
"text": "Although Brahms entertained the idea of taking up conducting posts elsewhere, he based himself increasingly in Vienna and soon made it his home."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Works",
"text": "The work was composed in three major periods of his life."
}
] |
Johannes Brahms was an Italian composer, pianist, and conductor of the Romantic period although born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna.
| 0 | 0 |
Johannes Brahms
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Marathon run",
"text": "He ran a distance of over 225 kilometers (140 miles), arriving in Sparta the day after he left."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Marathon run",
"text": "The distance eventually became fixed at 26 miles 385 yards, or 42.195 km, though for the first years it was variable, being around 25 miles (40 km)—the approximate distance from Marathon to Athens."
}
] |
O3CWFxFiSCrX90PHwqg5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Marathon run",
"text": "According to Herodotus, an Athenian runner named Pheidippides was sent to run from Athens to Sparta to ask for assistance before the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Legends associated with the battle",
"text": "The most famous legend associated with Marathon is that of the runner Pheidippides (or Philippides) bringing news to Athens of the battle, which is described below."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Marathon run",
"text": "He ran a distance of over 225 kilometers (140 miles), arriving in Sparta the day after he left."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "At the same time, Athens's greatest runner, Pheidippides (or Philippides in some accounts) had been sent to Sparta to request that the Spartan army march to the aid of Athens."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Marathon run",
"text": "The distance eventually became fixed at 26 miles 385 yards, or 42.195 km, though for the first years it was variable, being around 25 miles (40 km)—the approximate distance from Marathon to Athens."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Marathon run",
"text": "In some medieval codices of Herodotus, the name of the runner between Athens and Sparta before the battle is given as Philippides, and this name is also preferred in a few modern editions."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "The Persians sailed down the coast of Attica, and landed at the bay of Marathon, 25 miles (40 km) from Athens, on the advice of the exiled Athenian tyrant Hippias (who had accompanied the expedition)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Marathon run",
"text": "Then, following the battle, the Athenian army marched the 40 kilometers (25 miles) or so back to Athens at a very high pace (considering the quantity of armour, and the fatigue after the battle), in order to head off the Persian force sailing around Cape Sounion."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Legends associated with the battle",
"text": "Pheidippides' run to Sparta to bring aid has other legends associated with it."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Marathon run",
"text": "Lucian of Samosata (2nd century AD) gives the same story but names the runner Philippides (not Pheidippides)."
}
] |
The Battle of Marathon is famous for a runner Pheidippides that ran 25 miles from Athens to Sparta ask for help.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Marathon
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Born in Liège, Ysaÿe began violin lessons at age five with his father."
}
] |
O3G6foJzMoW6CY0D2ehW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Eugène went on playing in these ensembles, though he studied by himself and learned the repertoire of the violin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "When Ysaÿe was twenty-seven years old, he was recommended as a soloist for one of the Concerts Colonne in Paris, which was the start of his great success as a concert artist."
},
{
"section_header": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection",
"text": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection, housed in the Music Division of the Royal Library of Belgium, combines four decades of purchases with a donation made by the Ysaÿe family in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "In his last years, Vieuxtemps asked Ysaÿe to come to the countryside just to play for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend of the Ysaÿe violin",
"text": "Eugène Ysaÿe came from a background of \"artisans\", though a large part of his family played instruments."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "This was because, in order to support his family, young Eugène had to play full-time in two local orchestras, one conducted by his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Ysaÿe was married twice. His first marriage, on 28 September 1886 in Arlon, was to Louise Bourdau (from Dendermonde), with whom he had three sons and two daughters: Gabriel (1887–1961),"
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Born in Liège, Ysaÿe began violin lessons at age five with his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Eugène Ysaÿe was also close friends with Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, whom he taught violin despite her lack of talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend of the Ysaÿe violin",
"text": "Thus, goes the legend, came the first violin to the Ardennes and to the Ysaÿe family."
}
] |
Eugène Ysaÿe started to learn violin at three years old.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugène Ysaÿe
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "According to Magubane, Rhodes was \"unhappy that in many Cape Constituencies, Africans could be decisive if more of them exercised this right to vote under current law [referring to the Cape Qualified Franchise],\" with Rhodes arguing that \"the native is to be treated as a child and denied the franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "99–106 and front page, \"Rhodes was not a biological or maximal racist."
}
] |
O3VZJHC47rMIfkqUX9MF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal relationships | Personal life",
"text": "Rhodes never married, pleading, \"I have too much work on my hands\" and saying that he would not be a dutiful husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "He was proud of never having preached a sermon longer than 10 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His career never recovered; his heart was weak and after years of poor health he died in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "On domestic politics within Britain, Rhodes was a supporter of the Liberal Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics in South Africa",
"text": "Rhodes did not, however, have direct political power over the independent Boer Republic of the Transvaal."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "As Rhodes also respected and admired the Germans and their Kaiser, he allowed German students to be included in the Rhodes scholarships."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "Rhodes explicitly stipulated in his will that all races should be eligible for the scholarships."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "99–106 and front page, \"Rhodes was not a biological or maximal racist."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "Scholar and Zimbabwean author Peter Godwin, whilst critical of Rhodes, writes that he needs to be viewed via the prisms and cultural and social perspective of his epoch, positing that Rhodes \"was no 19th-century Hitler."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "Rhodes wanted to expand the British Empire because he believed that the Anglo-Saxon race was destined to greatness."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views",
"text": "According to Magubane, Rhodes was \"unhappy that in many Cape Constituencies, Africans could be decisive if more of them exercised this right to vote under current law [referring to the Cape Qualified Franchise],\" with Rhodes arguing that \"the native is to be treated as a child and denied the franchise."
}
] |
Rhodes was never into politics because he didn't see color.
| 0 | 0 |
Cecil Rhodes
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "His speech was brief—half as long as that of his grandfather, William Henry Harrison, whose speech remains the longest inaugural address of a U.S. president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "Harrison was sworn into office on Monday, March 4, 1889, by Chief Justice Melville Fuller."
}
] |
O3lKGD5L0DnYrj6CEEqx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Reelection campaign in 1892",
"text": "It gave Harrison the distinction of being the only president whose predecessor and successor were the same man."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-war career | U.S. Senator from Indiana",
"text": "He gave speeches in favor of Garfield in Indiana and New York, further raising his profile in the party."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Foreign policy | Annexation of Hawaii",
"text": "With just one month left before leaving office, the administration signed a treaty on February 14 and submitted it to the Senate the next day with Harrison's recommendation."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1888 | Nomination",
"text": "Blaine did not publicly endorse any of the candidates, but on March 1, 1888, he privately wrote that \"the one man remaining who in my judgment can make the best one is Benjamin Harrison.\"Harrison"
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "His speech was brief—half as long as that of his grandfather, William Henry Harrison, whose speech remains the longest inaugural address of a U.S. president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "In his speech, Benjamin Harrison credited the nation's growth to the influences of education and religion, urged the cotton states and mining territories to attain the industrial proportions of the eastern states and promised a protective tariff."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and early career",
"text": "Harrison was admitted to the Ohio bar in early 1854, the same year he sold property that he had inherited after the death of an aunt for $800 (equivalent to $22,764 in 2019), and used the funds to move with Caroline to Indianapolis, Indiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Foreign policy | Crises in Aleutian Islands and Chile",
"text": "The Chilean Minister of Foreign Affairs Manuel Matta replied that Harrison's message was \"erroneous or deliberately incorrect,\" and said that the Chilean government was treating the affair the same as any other criminal matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Technology and naval modernization",
"text": "During Harrison's time in office, the United States was continuing to experience advances in science and technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency and death",
"text": "He traveled around the nation making appearances and speeches in support of William McKinley's candidacy for president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency 1889–1893 | Inauguration and cabinet",
"text": "Harrison was sworn into office on Monday, March 4, 1889, by Chief Justice Melville Fuller."
}
] |
Benjamin Harrison's speech at swearing in as US President was almost the same length as the one his relative gave when he swore the oath of office for the presidency.
| 0 | 0 |
Benjamin Harrison
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cruise has been married to actresses Mimi Rogers, Nicole Kidman, and Katie Holmes."
}
] |
O3xnhtwLCRkqxPQnqr6X
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1978, she married Jack South."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "The couple married on December 24, 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cruise has been married to actresses Mimi Rogers, Nicole Kidman, and Katie Holmes."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "In 2007, Cruise took a rare supporting role for the second time in Lions for Lambs, which was a commercial disappointment."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "On November 18, Holmes and Cruise were married at the 15th-century Odescalchi Castle in Bracciano, in a Scientologist ceremony attended by many Hollywood stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "Cruise splits his time between homes in Beverly Hills, California; Telluride, Colorado; Clearwater, Florida; Dulwich, London; and East Grinstead, West Sussex."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition, his films have grossed over $4 billion in North America and over $10.1 billion worldwide, making him one of the highest-grossing box office stars of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing",
"text": "Cruise/Wagner Productions, Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on Erik Larson's New York Times bestseller, The Devil in the White City about a real-life serial killer, H. H. Holmes, at Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and wealth",
"text": "He had several relationships with older women in the early-to-mid-1980s, including Rebecca De Mornay (three years his senior), Patti Scialfa (nine years his senior), and Cher (16 years his senior).Cruise married actress Mimi Rogers on May 9, 1987."
}
] |
Tom Cruise was married four times.
| 3 | 6 |
Tom Cruise
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The two founders of Google assumed executive roles in the new company, with Larry Page serving as CEO and Sergey Brin as president."
}
] |
O4A46plLsxaQCzNaKYHr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Page and Brin remain co-founders, employees, board members, and controlling shareholders of Alphabet Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The two founders of Google assumed executive roles in the new company, with Larry Page serving as CEO and Sergey Brin as president."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. Google CEO Larry Page made this announcement in a blog post on Google's official blog."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Sundar Pichai, Product Chief, became the new CEO of Google, replacing Larry Page, who transitioned to the role of running Alphabet, along with Google co-founder Sergey Brin."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity",
"text": "The website features an Easter egg in the paragraph where Larry Page writes, \"Sergey and I are seriously in the business of starting new things."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Before it became a subsidiary of Alphabet, Google Inc. was first structured as the owner of Alphabet."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In his announcement, Page described the planned holding company as follows: Alphabet is mostly a collection of companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Inc. (referring to the Roman numeral of 26, the number of letters in the alphabet), so that they can be valued and legally separated from Google."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuit",
"text": "In 2017, Alphabet Inc. sued Uber over technology similar to Alphabet's proprietary self-driving car technology."
}
] |
Alphabet Inc. is based in Mount Vernon, Washington which is the home city of the founder Larry Page.
| 3 | 5 |
Alphabet Inc.
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Morte d'Arthur (originally spelled Le Morte Darthur, ungrammatical Middle French for \"The Death of Arthur\") is a 15th-century Middle English prose reworking by Sir Thomas Malory of tales about the legendary King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, Merlin and the Knights of the Round Table—along with their respective folklore."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Until the discovery of the Winchester Manuscript in 1934, the 1485 edition was considered the earliest known text of Le Morte d'Arthur and that closest to Malory's original version."
}
] |
O4CdmM6b1muqJxcKmDuR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History and sources",
"text": "As Elizabeth Bryan wrote of Malory's contribution to Arthurian legend in her introduction to Le Morte d'Arthur, \"Malory did not invent the stories in this collection; he translated and compiled them."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | The work itself",
"text": "Malory's Le Morte D'Arthur: King Arthur and Legends of the Round Table."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | The work itself",
"text": "Le Morte Darthur by Sir Thomas Malory."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "It was during this final stint at Newgate Prison in London that he is believed to have written Le Morte d'Arthur."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and themes | Book V (Caxton VIII–XII)",
"text": "Based on the French Prose Tristan, or a lost English adaptation of it (possibly also the Middle English verse romance Sir Tristrem), Malory's treatment of the legend of Tristan is the literal centerpiece of Le Morte d'Arthur as well as the longest of his eight books."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Until the discovery of the Winchester Manuscript in 1934, the 1485 edition was considered the earliest known text of Le Morte d'Arthur and that closest to Malory's original version."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern versions and adaptations",
"text": "Excalibur, a 1981 British epic fantasy film directed, produced, and co-written by John Boorman, which retells Le Morte d'Arthur with some changes to the plot and fate of the characters (such as completely replacing Morgause with Morgan, who dies in this version)."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "The exact identity of the author of Le Morte d'Arthur has long been the subject of speculation, owing to the fact that at least six historical figures bore the name of \"Sir Thomas Malory\" in the late 15th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and themes | Book I (Caxton I–IV)",
"text": "According to Helen Cooper in Sir Thomas Malory: Le Morte D'arthur – The Winchester Manuscript, the prose style, which mimics historical documents of the time, lends an air of authority to the whole work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many authors since the 19th-century revival of the legend have used Malory as their principal source."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Morte d'Arthur (originally spelled Le Morte Darthur, ungrammatical Middle French for \"The Death of Arthur\") is a 15th-century Middle English prose reworking by Sir Thomas Malory of tales about the legendary King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, Merlin and the Knights of the Round Table—along with their respective folklore."
}
] |
The retelling of the Arthurian legend Le Morte d'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory is the earliest written record of the legends.
| 0 | 0 |
Le Morte d'Arthur
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the \"death strip\") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, beds of nails, and other defenses."
}
] |
O4PlS6fqy4FqjXEAjrmS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, accompanied by a wide area (later known as the \"death strip\") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, beds of nails, and other defenses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer, pronounced [bɛʁˈliːnɐ ˈmaʊ̯ɐ] (listen)) was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Erection of the inner German border",
"text": "He advised the East Germans to build up their border defenses, telling them that \"The demarcation line between East and West Germany should be considered a border—and not just any border, but a dangerous one ... The Germans will guard the line of defence with their lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The tower is located in an already reforested area of the border strip and is used together with surrounding terrain as a nature protection tower by the Deutschen Waldjugend."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts by Western artists and growing anti-Wall sentiment | Bruce Springsteen, 1988",
"text": "I've come to play rock 'n' roll for you in the hope that one day all the barriers will be torn down\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In most places only the \"first\" wall is marked, except near Potsdamer Platz where the stretch of both walls is marked, giving visitors an impression of the dimension of the barrier system."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961",
"text": "Later, the initial barrier was built up into the Wall proper, the first concrete elements and large blocks being put in place on 17 August."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "The surprised and overwhelmed guards made many hectic telephone calls to their superiors about the problem."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961",
"text": "In the 1961 Vienna summit, Kennedy made the error of admitting that the US wouldn't actively oppose the building of a barrier."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Defection attempts",
"text": "He was fired at and seriously wounded by border guards."
}
] |
The barrier of the wall had no defenses or guard towers.
| 6 | 7 |
Berlin Wall
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (Portuguese: [ʒeˈtulju doʁˈnɛlis ˈvaʁɡɐs]; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, who served as president during two periods: the first was from 1930 to 1945, when he served as interim president from 1930 to 1934, constitutional president from 1934 to 1937, and dictator from 1937 to 1945."
}
] |
O4VhPPHvE30VHGzZ9FiT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "First presidency | New State and suppression of integralism",
"text": "However, neither were held – ostensibly due to the dangerous international situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1909 he opened his own law office in São Borja."
},
{
"section_header": "National politics",
"text": "Through the agreements of café com leite, São Paulo and their junior partner, Minas Gerais, rotated the presidency and dominated national politics, securing political stability and the economic success of the upper classes."
},
{
"section_header": "National politics",
"text": "His election had been assisted by the political machine of Borges de Medeiros, and so he nominated one of that machine's members, Getulio Vargas, to be his Finance Secretary."
},
{
"section_header": "National politics",
"text": "Between the two World Wars, Brazil was a rapidly industrializing nation popularly regarded as \"the sleeping giant of the Americas\" and a potential world power."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | New State and suppression of integralism",
"text": "Also, under the 1937 Constitution Vargas should have remained president for only six more years (until November 1943), but instead stayed in office until 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In a last-ditch effort Vargas called a special cabinet meeting on the eve of August 24, but rumors spread that the armed forces officers were implacable."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Vargas and the Axis Powers",
"text": "The repressions that followed the communist coup d'état attempt in Brazil in November 1935 increased the cooperation between Brazil and Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Vargas and the Axis Powers | World War II and the fall of the New State",
"text": "The US also granted large loans to Brazil, which Vargas used to industrialize the country."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Vargas and the Axis Powers",
"text": "However, when Brazil refused this invitation at the advent of the \"Estado Novo\" at the end of that same year, the relations between Brazil and the countries of the Axis started to chill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (Portuguese: [ʒeˈtulju doʁˈnɛlis ˈvaʁɡɐs]; 19 April 1882 – 24 August 1954) was a Brazilian lawyer and politician, who served as president during two periods: the first was from 1930 to 1945, when he served as interim president from 1930 to 1934, constitutional president from 1934 to 1937, and dictator from 1937 to 1945."
}
] |
Vargas was the held the highest political office in Brazil .
| 0 | 0 |
Getulio Vargas
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As their popularity grew into the intense fan frenzy dubbed \"Beatlemania\", the band acquired the nickname \"the Fab Four\", with Epstein, Martin and other members of the band's entourage sometimes given the informal title of \"fifth Beatle\"."
}
] |
O4b17n3YNsa6ZA7fsbJs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As their popularity grew into the intense fan frenzy dubbed \"Beatlemania\", the band acquired the nickname \"the Fab Four\", with Epstein, Martin and other members of the band's entourage sometimes given the informal title of \"fifth Beatle\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "When writing the sleeve notes for the album, the band's press officer, Tony Barrow, used the superlative the \"fabulous foursome\", which the media widely adopted as \"the Fab Four\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1980s",
"text": "In 1987, Harrison's Cloud Nine album included \"When We Was Fab\", a song about the Beatlemania era."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band",
"text": "He recalled the band's insistence \" that everything on Sgt."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album",
"text": "He and Lennon identified the sessions as the start of the band's break-up."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "Largely directed by McCartney, the film was the band's first critical failure in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Controversies, Revolver and final tour",
"text": "\" The band's concert at San Francisco's Candlestick Park on 29 August was their last commercial concert."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "Pepper. In the US, the soundtrack appeared as an identically titled LP that also included five tracks from the band's recent singles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1990s",
"text": "Documenting their history in the band's own words, the Anthology project included the release of several unissued Beatles recordings."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Influences",
"text": "The band's earliest influences include Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Little Richard and Chuck Berry."
}
] |
The band's nickname was "the Fab Four".
| 3 | 3 |
The Beatles
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–2004: Decline in popularity and Farewell tour",
"text": "Despite this, they continued to be a popular touring act, and the band issued their first live album, Alabama Live, in 1988."
}
] |
O4hAqd0LCLp5IxaFk2h7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–present: Reunions",
"text": "In 2016, Alabama were selected as one of 30 artists to perform on \"Forever Country\", a mash-up track of \"Take Me Home, Country Roads\", \"On the Road Again\", and \"I Will Always Love You\" that celebrates 50 years of the CMA Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–79: Formation and early years",
"text": "Following self-recorded efforts Wildcountry (1976) and Deuces Wild (1977), Alabama Band No. 3 became the band's third album, and the band performed over 300 shows on the road that year."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–79: Formation and early years",
"text": "After a while, with opportunities for the band slow to materialize, a discouraged Cook took a government job in Anniston, Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–87: Mainstream success and superstardom",
"text": "The success took the band by surprise and soon became \"all but consuming."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–87: Mainstream success and superstardom",
"text": "In addition, the group also received television exposure on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and The Merv Griffin Show."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–87: Mainstream success and superstardom",
"text": "Although the band received unprecedented success, Owen's personal life was falling apart: his father died while he was on the road, affecting him greatly."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–79: Formation and early years",
"text": "The group borrowed $4,000 from a Fort Payne bank to record and release their own albums to sell at shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They also toured extensively and incorporated production elements such as lighting and \"sets\" inspired by rock concerts into their shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography | Number one singles",
"text": "So Right (1981) Mountain Music (1982) The Closer You Get... (1983) Roll On (1984) 40-Hour Week (1985) The Touch (1986) Just Us (1987) Southern Star (1989) Pass It On Down (1990) American Pride (1992) Cheap Seats (1993) In Pictures (1995) Dancin' on the Boulevard (1997) Twentieth Century (1999) When It All Goes South (2001) Songs of Inspiration (2006) Songs of Inspiration II (2007) Angels Among Us: Hymns and Gospel Favorites (2014) Southern Drawl (2015) Alabama amassed over 40 number one hit singles (on a variety of industry charts) and 12 top-10 albums, including ten that peaked at number one on Billboard's Top Country Albums chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Impact",
"text": "Despite their successes, Alabama's career was loathed by music critics of the day, citing the \"vacuous songs and watered-down, middle-of-the-road arrangements\" that blurred lines between country and pop."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–2004: Decline in popularity and Farewell tour",
"text": "Despite this, they continued to be a popular touring act, and the band issued their first live album, Alabama Live, in 1988."
}
] |
Alabama took their show on the road in the 80s.
| 1 | 5 |
Alabama (band)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (born Leon Dudley Sorabji; 14 August 1892 – 15 October 1988) was an English composer, music critic, pianist and writer."
}
] |
O5K6SVincfA1n8deOemX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mystique and fabrications",
"text": "The villagers in Corfe Castle sometimes referred to him as \"Sir Abji\" and \"Indian Prince\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Inspiration and influences",
"text": "Sorabji wrote in 1960 that he almost never sought to blend Eastern and Western music, and although he had positive things to say about Indian music in the 1920s, he later saw limitations inherent in it and the raga, including a lack of thematic development, which was sidelined in favour of repetition."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mystique and fabrications",
"text": "There were other myths, some of which were peddled by Sorabji himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Inspiration and influences",
"text": "Eastern culture had some influence on Sorabji."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexuality and otherness",
"text": "Sorabji sent him a number of exceptionally long letters that capture a desire for intimacy and to be with him alone, and that have been interpreted as expressing that Sorabji was in love with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexuality and otherness",
"text": "Sorabji detested being called English."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji was born Leon Dudley Sorabji in Chingford, Essex (now Greater London), on 14 August 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sorabji expressed a sense of otherness early in his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and religious views",
"text": "Sorabji suffered from frail health throughout his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Harmony, counterpoint and form",
"text": "Sorabji also displays a fondness for tritone and semitone relationships."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (born Leon Dudley Sorabji; 14 August 1892 – 15 October 1988) was an English composer, music critic, pianist and writer."
}
] |
Sorabji was an Indian actor.
| 0 | 0 |
Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji
|
Sports
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Blyleven was born in the Netherlands but was raised in Garden Grove, California where he attended Santiago High School."
}
] |
O6D101LrXOYu0d6xgVSJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bert was a terrific pitcher—a dominating pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Commentating career",
"text": "Fans—both at home and at road games—carry signs to the games saying \"Circle me Bert."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bert Blyleven (born Rik Aalbert Blijleven, April 6, 1951) is a Dutch American former professional baseball pitcher who played from 1970 to 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Commentating career",
"text": "In 1996, Blyleven became a color commentator for the Twins."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father moved the family to Melville, Saskatchewan when Blyleven was two years old, and he then moved his family to Southern California when Blyleven was five years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "\"Blyleven was a pitching coach for the Netherlands in the 2009 World Baseball Classic."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Blyleven missed the entire 1991 season following rotator cuff surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Blyleven was one of baseball's most notorious dugout pranksters during his playing days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A renowned curveball pitcher, Blyleven was a two-time All-Star and World Series champion."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Blyleven became disgruntled with the Pirates and threatened to retire during the 1980 season if he was not traded."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Blyleven was born in the Netherlands but was raised in Garden Grove, California where he attended Santiago High School."
}
] |
Bert Blyleven is from Sweden.
| 2 | 10 |
Bert Blyleven
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and aftermath",
"text": "Knowledge of the events preceding his death is confused because there are two different accounts."
}
] |
O7fghuEpJaYE4EruQUpL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Invasion of England | Battle of Hastings",
"text": "William ordered that the body was to be thrown into the sea, but whether that took place is unclear."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "There are indications that Robert may have been briefly betrothed to a daughter of King Cnut, but no marriage took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Duke of Normandy | Consolidation of power",
"text": "The Bellême family, whose lands were quite strategically placed between their three different overlords, were able to play each of them against the other and secure virtual independence for themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "English and continental concerns",
"text": "No English source mentions a supposed embassy by Archbishop Robert to William conveying the promise of the succession, and the two Norman sources that mention it, William of Jumièges and William of Poitiers, are not precise in their chronology of when this visit took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Invasion of England | William's preparations",
"text": "William of Poitiers describes a council called by Duke William, in which the writer gives an account of a great debate that took place between William's nobles and supporters over whether to risk an invasion of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "William was born between 1056 and 1060, died 2 August 1100."
},
{
"section_header": "William as king | Changes in England",
"text": "William granted some lands to his continental followers from the holdings of one or more specific Englishmen; at other times, he granted a compact grouping of lands previously held by many different Englishmen to one Norman follower, often to allow for the consolidation of lands around a strategically placed castle."
},
{
"section_header": "William as king | Administration",
"text": "William took over an English government that was more complex than the Norman system."
},
{
"section_header": "Troubles in England and the continent | Last years",
"text": "A further blow was the death of Queen Matilda on 2 November 1083."
},
{
"section_header": "Invasion of England | William's preparations",
"text": "Although some sort of formal assembly probably was held, it is unlikely that any debate took place, as the duke had by then established control over his nobles, and most of those assembled would have been anxious to secure their share of the rewards from the conquest of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and aftermath",
"text": "Knowledge of the events preceding his death is confused because there are two different accounts."
}
] |
William the Conqueror's passing had 2 different versions of what took place beforehand.
| 0 | 0 |
William the Conqueror
|
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