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stringlengths 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1960s",
"text": "He had cameos in He had cameos in Is He had cameos in He had cameos in Is Paris Burning? He had cameos in He had cameos in Is He had cameos in He had cameos in Is Paris Burning? (1966) and Casino Royale (1967) and was top billed in The Day the Hot Line Got Hot (1968).His career had lasted longer than that of other romantic actors, winning him the nickname \"the last of the cinema's great lovers.\" He recorded a laid-back album called Where Does Love Go in 1966."
}
] |
OnESxeVqo4aiFIBPdGwL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1960s",
"text": "Niven, Boyer and Young revolved from week to week as the episode's leading man, sometimes appearing together."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Walter Wanger",
"text": "Boyer's role as Pepe Le Moko was already world-famous when animator Chuck Jones based the character of Pepé Le Pew, the romantic skunk introduced in 1945's Odor-able Kitty, on Boyer and his most well-known performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "In 1920, his quick memory won him a chance to replace the leading man in a stage production, Aux jardins de Murcie."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Broadway",
"text": "This is the act popularly known as Don Juan in Hell."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Broadway",
"text": "It was directed by actor Charles Laughton."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography | Television",
"text": "Goodyear Theatre (unknown episodes, 1957–1958) as Alternate Lead Player (1957-1958) Alcoa Theatre (3 episodes, 1957–1958) as Man / Lemerrier / Dr. Jacques Roland"
},
{
"section_header": "Radio",
"text": "\" Boyer would later star in his own radio show entitled \"Presenting Charles Boyer\" during 1950 over NBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early French films",
"text": "However, with the coming of sound, his deep voice made him a romantic star."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1960s",
"text": "Later that same year Boyer performed in Man and Boy on the London and New York stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Boyer's only child, Michael Charles Boyer (9 December 1943 – 21 September 1965), committed suicide at age 21."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1960s",
"text": "He had cameos in He had cameos in Is He had cameos in He had cameos in Is Paris Burning? He had cameos in He had cameos in Is He had cameos in He had cameos in Is Paris Burning? (1966) and Casino Royale (1967) and was top billed in The Day the Hot Line Got Hot (1968).His career had lasted longer than that of other romantic actors, winning him the nickname \"the last of the cinema's great lovers.\" He recorded a laid-back album called Where Does Love Go in 1966."
}
] |
Charles Boyer was known for portraying the romantic leading man.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Boyer
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (, also UK: , US: , Italian: [doˈmeːniko ɡaeˈtaːno maˈriːa donidˈdzetti] (listen); 29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "By late March Donizetti had been offered a contract not only to compose new operas, but also to be responsible for preparing performances of new productions by other composers whose work had been given elsewhere."
}
] |
OnKh5TQEIL6i6P0gFn9n
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1830–1838: International fame",
"text": "The opera was based on The Bride of Lammermoor, the novel by Sir Walter Scott, and it was to become his most famous opera, one of the high points of the bel canto tradition, the opera reaching a stature similar to that achieved by Bellini's Norma."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1838–1840: Donizetti abandons Naples for Paris",
"text": "In October 1838, Donizetti moved to Paris vowing never to have dealings with the San Carlo again after the King of Naples banned the production of Poliuto on the grounds that such a sacred subject was inappropriate for the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "By late March Donizetti had been offered a contract not only to compose new operas, but also to be responsible for preparing performances of new productions by other composers whose work had been given elsewhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "Unanimous, sincere, universal was the applause he justly collected from the capacity audience.... Soon after 19 February, Donizetti left Rome for Naples, where he was to settle for a large part of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Attempts to move Donizetti back to Paris",
"text": "Within a few days, Donizetti was given permission to leave and he set out from Paris on what was to be a seventeen-day trip to Bergamo."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "One of the later performances became the occasion for Donizetti to meet the then-21-year-old music student, Vincenzo Bellini, an event recounted by Francesco Florimo some sixty years later. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1822–1830: Rome, Naples, Milan | Donizetti moves to Naples",
"text": "Due Sicilie stated that it would include a Donizetti opera, describing the composer as: a young pupil of one of the most valued Maestros of the century, Mayer (sic), a large part of whose glory might be called ours, he having modeled his style on that of the great luminaries of the musical art sprung up among us."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Donizetti was born in Bergamo in Lombardy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1845–1848: Return to Paris; declining health; return to Bergamo; death | Attempts to move Donizetti back to Paris",
"text": "In late December, early January 1847, visits from a friend from Vienna who lived in Paris—Baron Eduard von Lannoy—resulted in a letter from Lannoy to Giuseppe Donizetti in Constantinople outlining what he saw as a better solution: rather than have friends travel the five hours to see his brother, Lannoy recommended that Gaetano be moved to Paris where he could be taken care of by the same doctors."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as an opera composer | 1843–1845: Paris to Vienna to Italy; final return to Paris | 1844: In Vienna",
"text": "Donizetti had made a promise to Giacomo Pedroni of the publishing house Casa Ricordi to oversee the production of the opera, which was given on 30 May with Donizetti conducting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (, also UK: , US: , Italian: [doˈmeːniko ɡaeˈtaːno maˈriːa donidˈdzetti] (listen); 29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas."
}
] |
Donizetti was a famous painter.
| 0 | 0 |
Gaetano Donizetti
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression."
}
] |
OnKiERbs4jiMWYOM8DfH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "A 2017 C-Span poll of historians also ranked Hoover as the 36th best president."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "A 2018 poll of the American Political Science Association's Presidents and Executive Politics section ranked Hoover as the 36th best president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Great Depression | Later policies",
"text": ", Hoover allowed his opponents in the Democratic Party to define him as cold, incompetent, reactionary, and out-of-touch."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of Commerce | Presidential election of 1928",
"text": "The Democrats nominated New York governor Al Smith, who became the first Catholic major party nominee for president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Great Depression | Later policies",
"text": "As the worldwide economy worsened, democratic governments fell; in Germany, Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler assumed power."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Civil rights and Mexican Repatriation",
"text": "Hoover also continued to pursue the lily-white strategy, removing African Americans from positions of leadership in the Republican Party in an attempt to end the Democratic Party's dominance in the South."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | 1932 re-election campaign",
"text": "The Democratic Party, including Al Smith and other national leaders, coalesced behind Roosevelt, while progressive Republicans like George Norris and Robert La Follette Jr. deserted Hoover."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Civil rights and Mexican Repatriation",
"text": "Many black voters switched to the Democratic Party in the 1932 election, and African Americans would later become an important part of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal coalition."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Death",
"text": "My warmest sympathy and best wishes for your recovery."
}
] |
Herbert Hoover was a member of the Democratic Party and ranked as 36th best president.
| 0 | 0 |
Herbert Hoover
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers (Gillies 2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Béla Viktor János Bartók (; Hungarian: Bartók Béla, pronounced [ˈbɒrtoːk ˈbeːlɒ]; 25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist."
}
] |
OnfjtE8vmf7miQDhyNR3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | New influences (1903–11)",
"text": "There is no true difference between this method and the one described above. ... There is yet a third way ... Neither peasant melodies nor imitations of peasant melodies can be found in his music, but it is pervaded by the atmosphere of peasant music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In his search for new forms of tonality, Bartók turned to Hungarian folk music, as well as to other folk music of the Carpathian Basin and even of Algeria and Turkey; in so doing he became influential in that stream of modernism which exploited indigenous music and techniques (Botstein & [n.d.], §6)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early musical career (1899–1908)",
"text": "The classic example is Franz Liszt's famous Hungarian Rhapsodies for piano, which he based on popular art songs performed by Romani bands of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "Bluebeard's Castle received only one revival, in 1936, before Bartók emigrated."
},
{
"section_header": "Catalogues and opus numbers",
"text": "Bartók assigned opus numbers to his works three times, the last of these series ending with the Sonata for Violin and Piano No. 1, Op. 21 in 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Béla Viktor János Bartók (; Hungarian: Bartók Béla, pronounced [ˈbɒrtoːk ˈbeːlɒ]; 25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "Despite being short on cash at times, he often refused money that his friends offered him out of their own pockets."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "Finally, in April 1944, leukemia was diagnosed, but by this time, little could be done (Chalmers 1995, 196–207)."
},
{
"section_header": "Catalogues and opus numbers",
"text": "Since his death, three attempts—two full and one partial—have been made at cataloguing."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "On his father's side, the Bartók family was a Hungarian lower noble family, originating from Borsodszirák, Borsod. (Móser 2006a, 44) His paternal grandmother was a Catholic of Bunjevci origin, but considered herself Hungarian (Szekernyés 2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers (Gillies 2001)."
}
] |
Bartók has been described as one of the most influential Hungarian politicians of his time.
| 2 | 3 |
Béla Bartók
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Danchakoff was born in St Petersburg where her parents wanted her to study music or drawing."
}
] |
OoO4bq34JIKV4cvQlTsd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has sometimes been called \"the mother of stem cells\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "For these reasons Danchakoff has sometimes been called the \"mother of stem cells\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "Murphy's and Danchakoff's explanations for the effect were wrong but much later these observations led to an understanding of lymphocyte migration and graft-versus-host disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "It has been claimed that a paper of Danchakoff's is the first publication to use the term \"stem cell\", for example \"These stem cells develop on the one hand into the small lymphocytes, and on the other hand into granulocytoblasts, and further into granulocytes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "but in the early embryonic stages they all had a common mother cell, and this mother cell is preserved in the adult organism and becomes the source of differentiation and regeneration and most probably also the source of pathological proliferation.\" In his 2001 keynote address to the Acute Leukemia Forum Marshall Lichtman described her presentation as an \"extraordinary lecture\" and considered that \"The rest of the century has been spent filling in the details of [her] experimental insights!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Danchakoff was born in St Petersburg where her parents wanted her to study music or drawing."
}
] |
Danchakoff's mother and father desired her to go to school for artistic subjects.
| 0 | 0 |
Vera Danchakoff
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "It sold this Indian opium to private traders who transported it to China and sold it to Chinese smugglers."
}
] |
OonHCCetwvS7cZSWbUaZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In the late 18th century, the British East India Company, expanded cultivation of opium in its territories in Bengal."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "It sold this Indian opium to private traders who transported it to China and sold it to Chinese smugglers."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the East India Company sent the opium to their warehouses in the free-trade region of Canton (Guangzhou), from where Chinese smugglers would take the opium farther into China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In 1834, the East India Company's monopoly ceased."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The Chinese Jiaqing Emperor issued edicts making opium illegal in 1729, 1799, 1814, and 1831, but imports grew as smugglers found it handsomely profitable and shared their wealth with local officials. ."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "Lin ordered the handover of all opium in the foreign companies' possession and the companies initially planned to handover a token amount, in the hopes that this would placate Lin."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "However, the first hostilities had occurred some months earlier with a skirmish between British and Chinese vessels in the Kowloon Estuary on 4 September 1839."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "By 1787, the Company was sending 4,000 chests of opium (each weighing 77 kg) to China a year."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The Chief Superintendent of British Trade in China, Charles Elliot arrived at the foreign factories 3 days after the expiry of Lin's deadline, and Chinese soldiers enforced a shutdown of the factory."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "Some of the individual American opium smugglers included the grandfather of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and ancestors of Secretary of State John Forbes Kerry."
}
] |
The British East India Company sold opium to Chinese smugglers.
| 1 | 4 |
Opium Wars
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell was a member of Pi Kappa Phi fraternity."
}
] |
Op5cFTc8LOy52w2GQHZm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Born in Titus, Alabama, Sewell lettered in college football at the University of Alabama in 1917, 1918, and 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell was a member of Pi Kappa Phi fraternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell graduated from Wetumpka High School in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Sewell-Thomas Stadium, the baseball stadium at the University of Alabama, is named in his honor and is nicknamed by Crimson Tide fans as \"The Joe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Posthumously, Joe Sewell's community (Elmore County) has established a scholarship award recognizing local high school seniors who exhibit Christian character, leadership in their community, strong academic standing, and athletic achievements."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell also played in 1,103 consecutive games, which to that point was second only to Everett Scott."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell played in two World Series, in 1920 and 1932, winning both times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "His cousin Rip Sewell was a major league pitcher credited with inventing the eephus pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "After his retirement, Mr. Sewell worked as a public relations man for a dairy and was a major league scout."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell made his major league debut mid-season in 1920 with the World Series champion Cleveland Indians shortly after shortstop"
}
] |
Joe Sewell did go to college.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe Sewell
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yankee Doodle Dandy is a 1942 American biographical musical film about George M. Cohan, known as \"The Man Who Owned Broadway\"."
}
] |
OprWxAjDnQ8uIz6VDiUf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1993, Yankee Doodle Dandy was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1993, Yankee Doodle Dandy was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\", and in 1998, the movie was ranked #100 on the 100 Years...100 Movies list, by the American Film Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yankee Doodle Dandy is a 1942 American biographical musical film about George M. Cohan, known as \"The Man Who Owned Broadway\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Yankee Doodle Dandy was adapted as a radio play on the October 19, 1942 broadcast of The Screen Guild Theater, starring James Cagney with Rita Hayworth and Betty Grable."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "George M! is a stage musical, also based on the life of George M. Cohan, opening on Broadway in 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Uncredited Roles Cast notes: In his role as adviser to the film, George M. Cohan, who admired Fred Astaire's work, let it be known that he preferred Astaire, who also bore a passing resemblance to him, to star in his life story."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "—it's dandy!\" Variety called the film \"as entertaining as any top filmusical ever made ... James Cagney does a Cohan of which the original George M. might well be proud.\" Harrison's Reports wrote: \"Excellent!"
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "In Yankee Doodle Dandy, Eddie Foy, Jr. played the role of his own father."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and production",
"text": "Cagney, like Cohan, was an Irish-American who had been a song-and-dance man early in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical numbers",
"text": "\"A George M. Cohan Potpouri\" – Sung by Frances Langford."
}
] |
Yankee Doodle Dandy is a 1942 American biographical musical film about George M. Cohan, known as "The Man Who Owned Broadway", and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
| 0 | 0 |
Yankee Doodle Dandy
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first biographer, recounted a Stratford legend that Shakespeare fled the town for London to escape prosecution for deer poaching in the estate of local squire Thomas Lucy."
}
] |
OqIqJ6efwm6l3JSugCVo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plays",
"text": "Many critics believe that Shakespeare's greatest tragedies represent the peak of his art."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems | Sonnets",
"text": "Few analysts believe that the published collection follows Shakespeare's intended sequence."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first biographer, recounted a Stratford legend that Shakespeare fled the town for London to escape prosecution for deer poaching in the estate of local squire Thomas Lucy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "The next day, two of Hathaway's neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing that no lawful claims impeded the marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Religion",
"text": "Some scholars claim that members of Shakespeare's family were Catholics, at a time when practising Catholicism in England was against the law."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years and death",
"text": "Some scholars see the bequest as an insult to Anne, whereas others believe that the second-best bed would have been the matrimonial bed and therefore rich in significance."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years and death",
"text": "In March 1613, he bought a gatehouse in the former Blackfriars priory; and from November 1614, he was in London for several weeks with his son-in-law, John Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems | Sonnets",
"text": "It remains unclear if these figures represent real individuals, or if the authorial \"I\" who addresses them represents Shakespeare himself, though Wordsworth believed that with the sonnets \"Shakespeare unlocked his heart\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Authorship",
"text": "Only a small minority of academics believe there is reason to question the traditional attribution, but interest in the subject, particularly the Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship, continues into the 21st century."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "The exception is the appearance of his name in the \"complaints bill\" of a law case before the Queen's Bench court at Westminster dated Michaelmas Term 1588 and 9 October 1589."
}
] |
Some believe that he had to flee a town because of a law he broke.
| 0 | 0 |
William Shakespeare
|
Technology
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Origins (2004–2009)",
"text": "Stoppelman and Simmons conceived the initial idea for Yelp as an email-based referral network, after Stoppelman caught the flu and had a difficult time finding an online recommendation for a local doctor."
}
] |
OqhI8FZWXBAoncL69cnO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Alleged unfair business practices",
"text": "Underunderstood found that in some cases, Yelp was replacing restaurant's direct phone numbers with numbers that routed through GrubHub, which would then charge restaurants for the calls under marketing agreements GrubHub has with restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yelp was founded in 2004 by former PayPal employees Russel Simmons and Jeremy Stoppelman."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Origins (2004–2009)",
"text": "Two former PayPal employees, Jeremy Stoppelman and Russel Simmons, founded Yelp at a business incubator, MRL Ventures, in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Litigation over review content",
"text": "In 2012, the Alexandria Circuit Court and the Virginia Court of Appeals held Yelp in contempt for refusing to disclose the identities of seven reviewers who anonymously criticized a carpet-cleaning business."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Origins (2004–2009)",
"text": "Stoppelman and Simmons conceived the initial idea for Yelp as an email-based referral network, after Stoppelman caught the flu and had a difficult time finding an online recommendation for a local doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Public entity (2012–present)",
"text": "Also in 2014, Yelp expanded in Europe through the acquisitions of German-based restaurant review site Restaurant-Kritik and French-based CityVox."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Litigation over review content",
"text": "The Virginia Supreme Court ruled that Yelp, a non-resident company in the state of Virginia, could not be subpoenaed by a lower court."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Litigation over review content",
"text": "In 2014, Yelp appealed to the Virginia Supreme Court."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "Check-in features were added in 2010.Yelp users can make restaurant reservations in Yelp through Yelp Reservations, a feature originally added in June 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "Yelp started a 7–10% cash back program at some US restaurants in 2016 through partnership with Empyr, a company that links credit card purchases to on-line advertisements."
}
] |
The inspiration for Yelp was after Russel Simmons drove to Washington through Alexandria, Virginia and couldn't find a good restaurant that didn't charge for parking.
| 5 | 13 |
Yelp
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Out of Africa is a memoir by the Danish author Karen Blixen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book has sometimes been published under the author's pen name, Isak Dinesen."
}
] |
Or2O0OUEgwbVjQ2G4NaK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book, first published in 1937, recounts events of the seventeen years when Blixen made her home in Kenya, then called British East Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book has sometimes been published under the author's pen name, Isak Dinesen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Out of Africa is a memoir by the Danish author Karen Blixen."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Karen Blixen moved to British East Africa in late 1913, at the age of 28, to marry her second cousin, the Swedish Baron Bror von Blixen-Finecke, and make a life in the British colony known today as Kenya."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1934 she published a fiction collection, Nine Tales, now known as Seven Gothic Tales, and in 1937 she published her Kenyan memoir, Out of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "British colonial authorities had appointed him the highest-ranking chief among the Kikuyu in Blixen's region because they couldn't get along with his predecessor; as such he was a significant authority figure for the Kikuyu who lived on her farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Some of Kamante's own recollections and stories were later compiled by Peter Beard and published in a book entitled Longing For Darkness: Kamante's Tales from Out of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Shadows on the Grass",
"text": "In 1960, at the age of 76, Blixen published Shadows on the Grass, a short compendium of further recollections about her days in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "When the First World War drove coffee prices up, the Blixen family invested in the business, and in 1917 Karen and Bror expanded their holdings to six thousand acres (24 km²)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The book's title was likely derived from the title of a poem, \"Ex Africa,\" she had written in 1915, while recuperating in a Danish hospital from her fight with syphilis."
}
] |
The book talks about the authors experiences in British East Africa and was first published in 1937, written by Karen Blixen or her anonym Isak Dinesen.
| 0 | 2 |
Out of Africa
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "The beauty of the Mausoleum was not only in the structure itself, but in the decorations and statues that adorned the outside at different levels on the podium and the roof: statues of people, lions, horses, and other animals in varying scales."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This monument was ranked the seventh wonder of the world by the ancients, not because of its size or strength but because of the beauty of its design and how it was decorated with sculpture or ornaments."
}
] |
Os1KarP4mxuDNhvRvgMY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "Artemisia and Mausolus spent huge amounts of tax money to embellish the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "He chose the city of Halicarnassus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The finished structure of the mausoleum was considered to be such an aesthetic triumph that Antipater of Sidon identified it as one of his Seven Wonders of the Ancient World."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "There the images of Mausolus and his queen watch over the few broken remains of the beautiful tomb she built for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "The four Greek sculptors who carved the statues: Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas and Timotheus were each responsible for one side."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "The Mausoleum overlooked the city of Halicarnassus for many years."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "Newton then excavated the site and found sections of the reliefs that decorated the wall of the building and portions of the stepped roof."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "The beauty of the Mausoleum was not only in the structure itself, but in the decorations and statues that adorned the outside at different levels on the podium and the roof: statues of people, lions, horses, and other animals in varying scales."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Modern historians have pointed out that two years would not be enough time to decorate and build such an extravagant building."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This monument was ranked the seventh wonder of the world by the ancients, not because of its size or strength but because of the beauty of its design and how it was decorated with sculpture or ornaments."
}
] |
The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus was quite simple in its exterior decoration, with very few embellishments or carvings, reflecting the stoic aesthetic of its creators.
| 4 | 7 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historiography",
"text": "There are few surviving sources on Caligula and none of them paints Caligula in a favourable light."
}
] |
OsS1I9LhigEitWZvp1mF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historiography",
"text": "A handful of other sources add a limited perspective on Caligula."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historiography",
"text": "Tacitus provides some information on Caligula's life under Tiberius."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Health",
"text": "The question of whether or not Caligula was insane (especially after his illness early in his reign) remains unanswered."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Early reign",
"text": "Caligula collected and brought back the bones of his mother and of his brothers and deposited their remains in the tomb of Augustus."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Assassination and aftermath",
"text": "The military, though, remained loyal to the idea of imperial monarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Health",
"text": "Occasionally he was liable to faintness, during which he remained incapable of any effort\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Macro spoke well of Caligula to Tiberius, attempting to quell any ill will or suspicion the Emperor felt towards Caligula."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Financial crisis and famine",
"text": "According to Wilkinson, Caligula's use of precious metals to mint coins throughout his principate indicates that the treasury most likely never fell into bankruptcy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Health",
"text": "When he arrived at the age of manhood he endured fatigue tolerably well."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Assassination and aftermath",
"text": "The plot is described as having been planned by three men, but many in the senate, army and equestrian order were said to have been informed of it and involved in it."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historiography",
"text": "There are few surviving sources on Caligula and none of them paints Caligula in a favourable light."
}
] |
The limited remaining information about Caligula indicates that he was not well received.
| 0 | 3 |
Caligula
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "When spring training concluded, Smith had amassed a .288 batting average and zero errors in the field, and Clayton batted .190 with eight errors."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Smith believed he had earned the position with his spring training performance, but La Russa disagreed, and awarded Clayton the majority of playing time in the platoon situation that developed, where Smith typically saw action every third game."
}
] |
OscaKzsdIapluGOKzWXi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Smith believed he had earned the position with his spring training performance, but La Russa disagreed, and awarded Clayton the majority of playing time in the platoon situation that developed, where Smith typically saw action every third game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"The Wizard\" for his defensive brilliance, Smith set major league records for career assists (8,375) and double plays (1,590) by a shortstop (the latter since broken by Omar Vizquel), as well as the National League (NL) record with 2,511 career games at the position; Smith won the NL Gold Glove Award for play at shortstop for 13 consecutive seasons (1980–1992)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1990–1995",
"text": "As a testament to his national visibility during this time, Smith appeared in a 1992 episode of The Simpsons titled \"Homer at the Bat\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Even though Dark was fired in the middle of training camp, Smith made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut on April 7, 1978.It did not take long for Smith to earn recognition in the major leagues, making what some consider his greatest fielding play only 10 games into his rookie season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "Approaching Smith one day during spring training, Herzog said, \"Every time you hit a fly ball, you owe me a buck."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, after which his son Dustin presented his Hall of Fame plaque."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith remains a visible figure around the St. Louis area, making varied appearances like playing the role of the Wizard in the St. Louis Municipal Opera's summer 2001 production of The Wizard of Oz."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "While \"The Wizard of Oz\" nickname was an allusion to the 1939 motion picture of the same name, Smith also came to be known as simply \"The Wizard\" during his playing career, as Smith's Baseball Hall of Fame plaque would later attest."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "By what he was able to do defensively and on the bases, Royce deserved to play the majority of the games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "When spring training concluded, Smith had amassed a .288 batting average and zero errors in the field, and Clayton batted .190 with eight errors."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith outdid others in the Cardinals' '96 spring practice so well that he was given a majority of play time thereafter, earning his title of "The Wizard of Oz".
| 2 | 3 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda."
}
] |
OslZWpKgh3T5vd1fRWOo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "Molluscs have more varied forms than any other animal phylum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The giant squid, which until recently had not been observed alive in its adult form, is one of the largest invertebrates, but a recently caught specimen of the colossal squid, 10 m (33 ft) long and weighing 500 kg (1,100 lb), may have overtaken it."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution | Fossil record",
"text": "Authors who suggest they deserve their own phylum do not comment on the position of this phylum in the tree of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "Cephalopoda such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses are among the neurologically most advanced of all invertebrates."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Eating, digestion, and excretion",
"text": "The radula is unique to the molluscs and has no equivalent in any other animal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The underside of the animal consists of a single muscular \"foot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The phylum is typically divided into 8 or 9 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct."
}
] |
It is the largest phylum of invertebrate animals.
| 2 | 2 |
Mollusca
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or \"restoration of the Empire\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities",
"text": "As a Christian Roman emperor, Justinian considered it his divine duty to restore the Roman Empire to its ancient boundaries."
}
] |
Oss3ANtSoe6BDER4Ue3L
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War in Italy, second phase, 541–554",
"text": "Belisarius was sent back to Italy late in 544 but lacked sufficient troops and supplies."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Religious activities | Authoritarian rule",
"text": "The Presbyter Julian and the Bishop Longinus conducted a mission among the Nabataeans, and Justinian attempted to strengthen Christianity in Yemen by dispatching a bishop from Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Legislative activities",
"text": "Justinian achieved lasting fame through his judicial reforms, particularly through the complete revision of all Roman law, something that had not previously been attempted."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Nika riots",
"text": "They forced him to dismiss Tribonian and two of his other ministers, and then attempted to overthrow Justinian himself and replace him with the senator Hypatius, who was a nephew of the late emperor Anastasius."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War with the Sassanid Empire, 527–532",
"text": "From his uncle, Justinian inherited ongoing hostilities with the Sassanid Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Religious activities | Religious relations with Rome",
"text": "Justinian's policies switched between attempts to force Monophysites to accept the Chalcedonian creed by persecuting their bishops and monks – thereby embittering their sympathizers in Egypt and other provinces – and attempts at a compromise that would win over the Monophysites without surrendering the Chalcedonian faith."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Economy and administration",
"text": "Then, in the early 550s, two monks succeeded in smuggling eggs of silk worms from Central Asia back to Constantinople, and silk became an indigenous product."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Justinian and the Later Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities | War with the Sassanid Empire, 527–532",
"text": "Having thus secured his eastern frontier, Justinian turned his attention to the West, where Germanic kingdoms had been established in the territories of the former Western Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Evans, James Allan (2005). The Emperor Justinian and the Byzantine Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized renovatio imperii, or \"restoration of the Empire\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Military activities",
"text": "As a Christian Roman emperor, Justinian considered it his divine duty to restore the Roman Empire to its ancient boundaries."
}
] |
Justinian I attempted to bring back the domain of the empire.
| 0 | 0 |
Justinian I
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was originally intended for adults, but is often read by adolescents for its themes of angst and alienation, and as a critique on superficiality in society."
}
] |
Ote8sabE7eKcXvE8nUvi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Catcher in the Rye is a novel by J. D. Salinger, partially published in serial form in 1945–1946 and as a novel in 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "In 2003, the BBC television program The Big Read featured The Catcher in the Rye, interspersing discussions of the novel with \"a series of short films that featured an actor playing J. D. Salinger's adolescent antihero, Holden Caulfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "I never saw him. That was J.D. Salinger and that was Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bill Gates said that The Catcher in the Rye is one of his favorite books."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Various older stories by Salinger contain characters similar to those in The Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "A letter written by Salinger in 1957 revealed that he was open to an adaptation of The Catcher in the Rye released after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored book in high schools and libraries in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "According to the American Library Association, The Catcher in the Rye was the 10th most frequently challenged book from 1990 to 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "This book was written for an adult audience in mind, which often forms the foundation of many challengers' arguments against this book."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" In an appraisal of The Catcher in the Rye written after the death of J.D. Salinger, Jeff Pruchnic says the novel has retained its appeal for many generations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was originally intended for adults, but is often read by adolescents for its themes of angst and alienation, and as a critique on superficiality in society."
}
] |
The Catcher in the Rye is an adult erotic book by J. D. Salinger.
| 0 | 0 |
The Catcher in the Rye
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sabrina Fairchild is the young daughter of the Larrabee family's chauffeur, Thomas, and has been in love with David Larrabee all her life."
}
] |
OteJg17IWEZgXQg807ku
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "David helps Linus recognize his own feelings for Sabrina and assists him in rushing off to join Sabrina's ship before it leaves the harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "After Head's death, Givenchy stated that Sabrina's iconic black cocktail dress was produced at Paramount under Head's supervision but claimed it was his design."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sabrina Fairchild is the young daughter of the Larrabee family's chauffeur, Thomas, and has been in love with David Larrabee all her life."
}
] |
Sabrina's protagonist is a teenager studying witchcraft.
| 0 | 0 |
Sabrina (1954 film)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Joplin was the second of six children born to Giles Joplin, an ex-slave from North Carolina and Florence Givens a freeborn African-American woman from Kentucky.."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Joplin's father had played the violin for plantation parties in North Carolina and his mother sang and played the banjo, he was given a rudimentary musical education by his family and from the age of seven he was allowed to play the piano while his mother cleaned."
}
] |
Oto87wcJJeJMn1w68huA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Impressed by Joplin's talent, and realizing the Joplin family's dire straits, Weiss taught him free of charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As Joplin's father had played the violin for plantation parties in North Carolina and his mother sang and played the banjo, he was given a rudimentary musical education by his family and from the age of seven he was allowed to play the piano while his mother cleaned."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Joplin was the second of six children born to Giles Joplin, an ex-slave from North Carolina and Florence Givens a freeborn African-American woman from Kentucky.."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "In 1979, Alan Rich wrote in the magazine New York that by giving artists like Rifkin the opportunity to put Joplin's music on disc, Nonesuch Records \"...created, almost alone, the Scott Joplin revival."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Missouri",
"text": "The march was described by one of Joplin's biographers as a \"special... early essay in ragtime.\" While in Sedalia, Joplin taught piano to students who included future ragtime composers Arthur Marshall, Brun Campbell and Scott Hayden."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While a few local teachers aided him, he received most of his musical education from Julius Weiss, a German-born American Jewish music professor who had immigrated to Texas in the late 1860s and was employed as music tutor by a prominent local business family."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "Vera Brodsky Lawrence of the New York Public Library published a two-volume set of Joplin works in June 1971, entitled The Collected Works of Scott Joplin, stimulating a wider interest in the performance of Joplin's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "Audiophile Records released a two-record set, The Complete Piano Works of Scott Joplin, The Greatest of Ragtime Composers, performed by Knocky Parker, in 1970.In 1968, Bolcom and Albright interested Joshua Rifkin, a young musicologist, in the body of Joplin's work."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Missouri",
"text": "About this time, Joplin collaborated with Scott Hayden in the composition of four rags."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Missouri",
"text": "In 1899, Joplin married Belle the sister-in-law of collaborator Scott Hayden."
}
] |
Scott Joplin's father was born free.
| 0 | 0 |
Scott Joplin
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Results of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "By reducing the supplies of coal to France, which was dependent on German coal, German industrialists managed to hobble France's steel industry, while getting their own rebuilt."
}
] |
OtvMJVAQ69z4lWYtUV52
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial German debt defaults",
"text": "In early 1923, Germany defaulted on its reparations and German coal producers refused to ship any more coal across the border."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial German debt defaults",
"text": "For the first five years after the war, coal was scarce in Europe and France sought coal exports from Germany for its steel industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "Germany benefitted enormously from the influx of foreign capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial German debt defaults",
"text": "Germany characterized the demands as onerous under its post war condition (60 per cent of what Germany had been shipping into the same area before the war began)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The Barclay School Committee is established",
"text": "To simultaneously defuse this situation and increase the chances of Germany resuming reparation payments, the Allied Reparations Commission asked Dawes to find a solution fast."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dawes Plan (as proposed by the Dawes Committee, chaired by Charles G. Dawes) was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of World War I reparations that Germany had to pay."
},
{
"section_header": "Background: World War I Europe | The initial German debt defaults",
"text": "At the conclusion of World War I, the Allied and Associate Powers included in the Treaty of Versailles a plan for reparations to be paid by Germany; 20 billion gold marks was to be paid while the final figure was decided."
},
{
"section_header": "Main points of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "The economy of Germany began to rebound during the mid-1920s and the country continued with the payment of reparations—now funded by the large scale influx of American capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "By 1926, the German steel industry was dominant in Europe and this dominance only increased in the years leading to WWII."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "The Dawes Plan resulted in French troops leaving the Ruhr Valley."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the Dawes Plan",
"text": "By reducing the supplies of coal to France, which was dependent on German coal, German industrialists managed to hobble France's steel industry, while getting their own rebuilt."
}
] |
Because of the Dawes Plan, Germany is decades behind the rest of Europe in producing refined iron ore.
| 0 | 0 |
Dawes Plan
|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "Faber broke into the major leagues in 1914, starting 19 games and relieving in another 21; he posted a 2.68 ERA while winning 10 games and saving a league-leading four games (a statistic that was not invented until 1959, and only became an official baseball stat in 1969)."
}
] |
OuJSGhNiwdTuB82XSdA6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "In 1915 he won 24 games, tied for second in the American League behind Walter Johnson, and led the league with 50 appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "He was also among the league leaders in strikeouts each year, while pitching at least 25 complete games and over 300 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In a game against St. Ambrose University that year, he set a school record for strikeouts in a nine-inning game (24)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "He won 25 in 1921 and 21 in 1922, leading the league in ERA (1921–1922), innings (1922) and complete games (1921–1922)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "He holds the White Sox franchise record for most games pitched, and held the team records for career wins, starts, complete games and innings until they were later broken by Ted Lyons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "After winning Game 2 in Chicago but losing Game 4 on the road, he came into Game 5 (at home) in relief and picked up the win as the Sox came back from a 5-2 deficit in the seventh inning to win 8-5."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While Faber was a child, his father managed a tavern and later ran the Hotel Faber in Cascade."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Faber said that he was too old for her, but she insisted that they get married."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor leagues",
"text": "Faber started well in the minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Faber was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "Faber broke into the major leagues in 1914, starting 19 games and relieving in another 21; he posted a 2.68 ERA while winning 10 games and saving a league-leading four games (a statistic that was not invented until 1959, and only became an official baseball stat in 1969)."
}
] |
Faber was drafted into the MLB in 1915.
| 0 | 8 |
Red Faber
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory Pope Gregory I (Latin: Gregorius I; c. 540 – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death."
}
] |
OusLuiO3HfDZXNvZqSno
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary literature",
"text": "The Dialogues of Saint Gregory the Great."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Translations",
"text": "The Dialogues of Saint Gregory the Great, trans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory Pope Gregory I (Latin: Gregorius I; c. 540 – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Iconography",
"text": "Ribera's oil painting of Saint Gregory the Great (c.1614) is from the Giustiniani collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary literature",
"text": "Gregory the Great: A Symposium."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary literature",
"text": "Gregory the Great and His World."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials | Feast day",
"text": "The current General Roman Calendar, revised in 1969 as instructed by the Second Vatican Council, celebrates Saint Gregory the Great on 3 September."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Translations",
"text": "Reading the Gospels with Gregory the Great"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Translations",
"text": "The Letters of Gregory the Great, trans."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary literature",
"text": "The Growth of Mysticism: Gregory the Great"
}
] |
Pope Gregory I was referred to as Saint Gregory the Great.
| 2 | 4 |
Pope Gregory I
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prior to his political career, he was a prominent lawyer and businessman in Montreal."
}
] |
OvFY9IcOAhTl5uxLNpLv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Builds reputation, gains publicity",
"text": "In addition, he met fellow then Stikeman Elliott lawyer Stanley Hartt, who later played a vital role assisting him during his political career as Mulroney Chief of Staff."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prior to his political career, he was a prominent lawyer and businessman in Montreal."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics",
"text": "The award was in recognition of his career in politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Party leader",
"text": "However, Mulroney successfully turned the tables by pointing to the recent raft of Liberal patronage appointments."
},
{
"section_header": "Party leader",
"text": "\" Many observers believe that at this point, Mulroney assured himself of becoming prime minister."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "He also pointed out that there was no constitutional quarrel between the federal and Quebec Government."
},
{
"section_header": "After politics | Legacy",
"text": "They're the ones who called the inquiry.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Order of Canada Citation",
"text": "Fiscal reform, important environmental initiatives and employment equity were also highlights of his political career."
},
{
"section_header": "Party leader",
"text": "The Liberals then surged in the polls, to take a lead, after trailing by more than 20 percentage points."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime minister (1984–1993) | First mandate (1984–1988)",
"text": "Gandhi replied that he should be the one providing condolences to Mulroney, given that the majority of victims were Canadian or lived in Canada."
}
] |
Mulroney was a lawyer during his career at one point.
| 0 | 0 |
Brian Mulroney
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "Schumann suffered a stroke on 26 March 1896, and died on 20 May at age 76."
}
] |
OxO3HGamXs2gHVe7d4QV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Johannes Brahms",
"text": "Brahms received from him a letter of introduction to Robert Schumann, and thus presented himself at the Schumanns' home in Düsseldorf."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "Robert Schumann died two days later, on 29 July 1856."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Schumann died in Frankfurt, but was buried in Bonn beside her husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "Schumann suffered a stroke on 26 March 1896, and died on 20 May at age 76."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life | Child prodigy",
"text": "The same year, she performed at the Leipzig home of Ernst Carus, director of the mental hospital at Colditz Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "In 1879, their son Felix died aged 24."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "Their first son, Emil, died in 1847, aged only 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "She was the main breadwinner for her family and the sole one after her husband was hospitalized and then died."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "In 1891, their son Ferdinand died at the age of 41, leaving his children to her care."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "Their daughter Julie died in 1872, leaving two small children aged only 2 and 7, then raised by their grandmother."
}
] |
Schumann died from a freak accident in her home.
| 0 | 0 |
Clara Schumann
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origin and publication history",
"text": "The two later became friends, embarking on an Antarctic tour that became the subject of a co-authored book, Voyage Through the Antarctic (A. Lane, 1982).Watership Down was rejected seven times before it was accepted by Rex Collings."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and publication history",
"text": "The story began as tales that Richard Adams told his young daughters Juliet and Rosamond during long car journeys."
}
] |
OzFM2t9WK2Xn372dRcmT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Evoking epic themes, the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home (the hill of Watership Down), encountering perils and temptations along the way."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Watership Down was Richard Adams' debut novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and publication history",
"text": "The two later became friends, embarking on an Antarctic tour that became the subject of a co-authored book, Voyage Through the Antarctic (A. Lane, 1982).Watership Down was rejected seven times before it was accepted by Rex Collings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part 3",
"text": "Once they are at Watership Down, the Efrafan escapees start their new life of freedom."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Audiobooks",
"text": "In 2019, Blackstone Audio Inc. released an unabridged version of Watership Down with a foreword by the author, Richard Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Lapine language",
"text": "\"Lapine\" is a fictional language created by author Richard Adams for the novel, where it is spoken by the rabbit characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 2002, a two-part, two-hour dramatisation of Watership Down by Neville Teller was broadcast by BBC Radio 4.In November 2016, a new two-part two-hour dramatisation, written by Brian Sibley, was broadcast on BBC Radio 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Watership Down has been described as an allegory, with the labours of Hazel, Fiver, Bigwig, and Silver \"mirror[ing] the timeless struggles between tyranny and freedom, reason and blind emotion, and the individual and the corporate state.\" Adams draws on classical heroic and quest themes from Homer and Virgil, creating a story with epic motifs."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Criticism of gender roles",
"text": "Adams' 1996 sequel, Tales from Watership Down includes stories where the female rabbits play a more prominent role in the Watership Down warren."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and publication history",
"text": "The story began as tales that Richard Adams told his young daughters Juliet and Rosamond during long car journeys."
}
] |
Watership Down is an epic novel by author Richard Adams about rabbits escaping two girls' bad behavior by embarking on an Antarctic watership and beginning a new home with freedom.
| 0 | 0 |
Watership Down
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the only son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger."
}
] |
P0dq8AwJARiQ3oNpND1u
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military conflicts | Peace with Parthia",
"text": "Nero began preparing for war in the early years of his reign, after the Parthian king Vologeses set his brother Tiridates on the Armenian throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Agrippina, suspected of adultery with her brother-in-law, was forced to carry the funerary urn after Lepidus' execution."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Caligula's beloved sister Drusilla had recently died and Caligula began to feel threatened by his brother-in-law Marcus Aemilius Lepidus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Classics professor Josiah Osgood has written that \"the coins, through their distribution and imagery alike, showed that a new Leader was in the making.\" David Shotter noted that, despite events in Rome, Nero's step-brother Britannicus was more prominent in provincial coinages during the early 50s."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "Otho used \"Nero\" as a surname and reerected many statues to Nero."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "Vitellius overthrew Otho. Vitellius began his reign with a large funeral for Nero complete with songs written by Nero."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "It was said that the common Roman hailed Otho as Nero himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "This belief came to be known as the Nero Redivivus Legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "Members of the military were said to have mixed feelings, as they had allegiance to Nero, but had been bribed to overthrow him."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (54–68 AD) | After Nero",
"text": "According to Suetonius and Cassius Dio, the people of Rome celebrated the death of Nero."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the only son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger."
}
] |
Nero had brothers from his parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Nero
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Minefields",
"text": "As of 2011, there were 113 uncleared minefields on the Falkland Islands and unexploded ordnance (UXOs) covering an area of 13 km2 (5.0 sq mi)."
}
] |
P0ilSYYS6XXOuOiuXRC2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "British task force | Sinking of HMS Sheffield",
"text": "The incident is described in detail by Admiral Sandy Woodward in his book One Hundred Days, in Chapter One."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Minefields",
"text": "No human casualties from mines or UXO have been reported in the Falkland Islands since 1984, and no civilian mine casualties have ever occurred on the islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Land battles | Bluff Cove and Fitzroy",
"text": "According to Surgeon-Commander Rick Jolly of the Falklands Field Hospital, more than 150 men suffered burns and injuries of some kind in the attack, including, famously, Simon Weston."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Military analysis",
"text": "Militarily, the Falklands conflict remains one of the largest air-naval combat operations between modern forces since the end of the Second World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Minefields",
"text": "It was estimated that these minefields had 20,000 anti-personnel mines and 5,000 anti-tank mines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas) was a 10-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and its territorial dependency, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands."
},
{
"section_header": "British task force | Sinking of ARA General Belgrano",
"text": "Two British naval task forces (one of surface vessels and one of submarines) and the Argentine fleet were operating in the neighbourhood of the Falklands and soon came into conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Memorials",
"text": "The Falkland Islands Memorial Chapel at Pangbourne College was opened in March 2000 as a commemoration of the lives and sacrifice of all those who served and died in the South Atlantic in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Minefields",
"text": "However, the British Government, in accordance with its commitments under the Mine Ban Treaty has a commitment to clear the mines by the end of 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Land battles | Special forces on Mount Kent",
"text": "Only five Argentines were left unscathed."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Minefields",
"text": "As of 2011, there were 113 uncleared minefields on the Falkland Islands and unexploded ordnance (UXOs) covering an area of 13 km2 (5.0 sq mi)."
}
] |
The Falklands War left behind over one hundred fields full of live mines.
| 2 | 6 |
Falklands War
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "At age 32 in 1974, Ali began an illicit extramarital relationship with 16-year-old Wanda Bolton (who subsequently changed her name to Aaisha Ali) with whom he fathered another daughter, Khaliah (born 1974)."
}
] |
P0s8WQwJVgzoIg5DpPnM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional boxing | World heavyweight champion (second reign) | The Rumble in the Jungle",
"text": "Ali was 32 years old, and had clearly lost speed and reflexes since his twenties."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Philanthropy, humanitarianism and politics",
"text": "Ali published an oral history, Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times by Thomas Hauser, in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Declining health",
"text": "In February 2013, Ali's brother Rahman Ali said Muhammad could no longer speak and could be dead within days."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "At age 32 in 1974, Ali began an illicit extramarital relationship with 16-year-old Wanda Bolton (who subsequently changed her name to Aaisha Ali) with whom he fathered another daughter, Khaliah (born 1974)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and amateur career",
"text": "Ali was first directed toward boxing by Louisville police officer and boxing coach Joe E. Martin, who encountered the 12-year-old fuming over a thief's having taken his bicycle."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Together they adopted a son, Asaad Amin, when Asaad was five months old."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Born into a Chicago family that had converted to the Nation Of Islam, she later changed her name to Khalilah Ali, though she was still called Belinda by old friends and family."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | News coverage and tributes",
"text": "BET played their documentary Muhammad Ali: Made In Miami."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "Muhammad Ali was often dubbed the world's \"most famous\" person in the media."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Declining health",
"text": "Ali's bout with Parkinson's led to a gradual decline in his health, though he was still active into the early years of the millennium, promoting his own biopic, Ali, in 2001."
}
] |
Muhammad Ali had a kid with a sixteen year old.
| 0 | 0 |
Muhammad Ali
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1977, Mason's performance in Simon's smash hit film, The Goodbye Girl, won her a second Best Actress Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was nominated four times for the Academy Award for Best Actress: for her performances in Cinderella Liberty (1973), The Goodbye Girl (1977), Chapter Two (1979), and Only When I Laugh (1981)."
}
] |
P22dDqsvPAh8bkLDfrPW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marsha Mason (born April 3, 1942) is an American actress and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1977, Mason's performance in Simon's smash hit film, The Goodbye Girl, won her a second Best Actress Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was nominated four times for the Academy Award for Best Actress: for her performances in Cinderella Liberty (1973), The Goodbye Girl (1977), Chapter Two (1979), and Only When I Laugh (1981)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "For her performance as Georgia Hines, Mason was highly praised and earned a fourth Best Actress Oscar nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She earned a Grammy nomination in comedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "That same year, Mason co-starred opposite James Caan in the 20th Century Fox film Cinderella Liberty, which netted her an Oscar nomination for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The film proved to be another big hit, garnering her a third Oscar nomination for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was married for ten years (1973–1983) to the playwright and screenwriter Neil Simon, who was the writer of three of her four Oscar-nominated roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She starred in a 1999 revival of The Prisoner of Second Avenue in London, and received a Grammy nomination for Best Comedy Album for the 2000 recording."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On television, she appeared in the soap opera Love of Life (1971–72) and received an Emmy Award nomination for her recurring role on the sitcom Frasier (1997–98)."
}
] |
Marsha Mason was nominated for a 1977 movie.
| 2 | 5 |
Marsha Mason
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexuality and gender",
"text": "Her song \"My Heart Beats for Love\" (2010) was written for one of Cyrus' gay friends, while she has since claimed London is her favorite place to perform due to its extensive gay scene."
}
] |
P2RKqITkZORe8VOzykPn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexuality and gender",
"text": "Her song \"My Heart Beats for Love\" (2010) was written for one of Cyrus' gay friends, while she has since claimed London is her favorite place to perform due to its extensive gay scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "Cyrus defended the performance, feeling she did nothing wrong."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "She came in third place with 16.3% of the vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "The performance resulted in a media frenzy; one reviewer likened the performance to a \"bad acid trip\", while another described it as a \"trainwreck in the classic sense of the word as the audience reaction seemed to be a mix of confusion, dismay and horror in a cocktail of embarrassment\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "Her performance of \"Party In the U.S.A.\" at the 2009 Teen Choice Awards sparked a \"national uproar\" because of her outfit and her perceived pole dancing."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "Cyrus has become known for her controversial performances, such as during her Bangerz Tour (2014) and Milky Milky Milk Tour (2015)."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "She faced similar controversy following a performance of \"Can't Be Tamed\" (2010) on Britain's Got Talent, where she pretended to kiss one of her female dancers on stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "Cyrus entered the stage of her Bangerz Tour (2014) by sliding down a slide in the shape of a tongue, gaining media attention during the tour for her costumes and racy performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "Cyrus was the subject of public and media scrutiny following her performance of \"We Can't Stop\" (2013) and \"Blurred Lines\" (2013) with Robin Thicke at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and influences",
"text": "The album's songs are placed in chronological order telling the story of her failed relationship with Liam Hemsworth."
}
] |
Miley Cyrus's favorite place to perform is London.
| 3 | 4 |
Miley Cyrus
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The first part of the novel was intended to represent a modern-day Inferno of the Divine Comedy."
}
] |
P38hPdy28tY1FlkaUbUv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The plot of the novel relies on \"dead souls\" (i.e., \"dead serfs\") which are still accounted for in property registers."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel was adapted for screen in 1984 by Mikhail Schweitzer as a television miniseries Dead Souls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dead Souls (Russian: «Мёртвые души», Mjórtvyje dúshi) is a novel by Nikolai Gogol, first published in 1842, and widely regarded as an exemplar of 19th-century Russian literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "Poema\", which contracted to merely \"Dead Souls\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "True, Chichikov displays a most extraordinary moral rot, but the whole idea of buying and selling dead souls is, to Nabokov, ridiculous on its face; therefore, the provincial setting of the novel is a most unsuitable backdrop for any of the progressive, reformist or Christian readings of the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The original title, as shown on the illustration (cover page), was \"The Wanderings of Chichikov, or Dead Souls."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Although Gogol aspired to emulate the Odyssey and the Divine Comedy, many critics derive the structure of Dead Souls from the picaresque novels of the 16th and 17th centuries in that it is divided into a series of somewhat disjointed episodes, and the plot concerns a gentrified version of the rascal protagonist of the original picaresques."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "His macabre mission to acquire \"dead souls\" is actually just another one of his \"get rich quick\" schemes."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Unlike the short stories, however, Dead Souls was meant to offer solutions rather than simply point out problems."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Censuses in this period were infrequent, so landowners would often be paying taxes on serfs that were no longer living, thus the \"dead souls."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The first part of the novel was intended to represent a modern-day Inferno of the Divine Comedy."
}
] |
Dead Souls was designed to be a futuristic novel from the start.
| 0 | 0 |
Dead Souls
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "Simmons was one of the best hitters in MLB history."
}
] |
P3WtdrzEApbrRHEcWZaW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Simmons was known by his birth last name (Szymanski) until he was playing for a local minor league team and he was tired of hearing people mispronounce it."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics (1924–1932)",
"text": "In a final season with Philadelphia, Simmons led the AL with 216 hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "Simmons was nicknamed \"Bucketfoot Al\" because he strode toward third base when hitting."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "He compiled more hits than any right-handed batter in AL history until surpassed by Al Kaline."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "Simmons hit 307 career home runs, finishing in the top six in AL in home runs for seven consecutive seasons (1925–32)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics (1924–1932)",
"text": "That season he hit .365 with 34 home runs and led the AL with 157 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics (1924–1932)",
"text": "In 1925, his second season with Philadelphia, Simmons led the AL with 253 hits with a .387 batting average, 24 home runs and 129 runs batted in (RBI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "While Cleveland manager Al López encouraged Simmons to think about his decision, Simmons said he could no longer help the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "Simmons recorded 8 five-hit games and 52 four-hit games in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics (1924–1932)",
"text": "Simmons led the A's to the AL pennant in 1929 as Philadelphia went 104–46, finishing 18 games ahead of the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "Simmons was one of the best hitters in MLB history."
}
] |
Al Simmons was known for his hitting.
| 0 | 0 |
Al Simmons
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Three queens come to plead with Theseus and Hippolyta, rulers of Athens, to avenge the deaths of their husbands by the hand of the tyrant Creon of Thebes."
}
] |
P3hVAtfEoKxiWVyhOsEA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Noble Kinsmen is a Jacobean tragicomedy, first published in 1634 and attributed to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Links between The Two Noble Kinsmen and contemporaneous works point to 1613–1614 as its date of composition and first performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In addition to whatever public performances there were around 1613–1614, evidence suggests a performance of The Two Noble Kinsmen at Court in 1619."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In 1664, after theatres had re-opened after Charles II returned to the throne at the beginning of the English Restoration period, Sir William Davenant produced an adaptation of The Two Noble Kinsmen for the Duke's Company titled The Rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | In popular culture",
"text": "In The Simpsons' Season 15 episode \"Co-Dependent's Day,\" after Moe Szyslak unthinkingly gives away a rare 1886 bottle of Château Latour, he proceeds to dry his tears with another priceless collector's item, an original manuscript of The Two Noble Kinsmen."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Creon has killed the three kings and refuses to allow them proper burial."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Three queens come to plead with Theseus and Hippolyta, rulers of Athens, to avenge the deaths of their husbands by the hand of the tyrant Creon of Thebes."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "She meets a troupe of local countrymen who want to perform a Morris dance before the king and queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "After a convivial dinner with reminiscences, the two fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Hippolyta and Emilia intervene and so Theseus agrees to a public tournament between the two for Emilia's hand."
}
] |
The Two Noble Kinsmen is about kings avenging the assassination of their wives.
| 1 | 2 |
The Two Noble Kinsmen
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "\" The line was developed over the following four years – with multiple pieces teased by West himself – before the line was ultimately cancelled in 2009."
}
] |
P3uc8bPLYLvPaQ7RL5uq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "In September 2005, West announced that he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in spring 2006, claiming \"Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–17: The Life of Pablo and tour cancellation",
"text": "On February 11, West premiered the album at Madison Square Garden as part of the presentation of his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2016–17: The Life of Pablo and tour cancellation",
"text": "On January 26, 2016, West revealed he had renamed the album from SWISH to Waves, and also announced the premier of his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line at Madison Square Garden."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "In May 2017, West, alongside wife Kim Kardashian, launched a clothing line for children titled \"Kids Supply\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–15: Yeezus and Adidas collaboration",
"text": "He would premiere the second iteration of his clothing line, Yeezy Season 2, in September 2015 at New York Fashion Week."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "In 2015, West unveiled his Yeezy Season clothing line, premiering Season 1 in collaboration with Adidas early in the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "On February 11, West premiered his Yeezy Season 3 clothing line at Madison Square Garden in conjunction with the previewing of his album"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "\" The line was developed over the following four years – with multiple pieces teased by West himself – before the line was ultimately cancelled in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "The line received positive critical reviews, with Vogue observing \"a protective toughness, a body-conscious severity that made the clothes more than a simple accessory."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "The line was released in summer 2009."
}
] |
West's clothing line called Pastelle Clothing was cancelled in 2009.
| 3 | 4 |
Kanye West
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year, while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "Construction started in 1632, and the mausoleum was completed in 1648, while the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later."
}
] |
P4BZ0b8qxDERDVp0tbkx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year, while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "Construction started in 1632, and the mausoleum was completed in 1648, while the surrounding buildings and garden were finished five years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Construction of the mausoleum itself was essentially completed by 1643 while work on the outlying buildings continued for years."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Taj Mahal is built on a parcel of land to the south of the walled city of Agra."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "It took the efforts of 22,000 labourers, painters, embroidery artists and stonecutters to shape the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The scaffold was so enormous that foremen estimated it would take years to dismantle."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The plinth and tomb took roughly 12 years to complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Taj Mahal attracts 7–8 million visitors a year and in 2007, it was declared a winner of the New 7 Wonders of the World (2000–2007) initiative."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The remaining parts of the complex took an additional 10 years and were completed in order of minarets, mosque and jawab, and gateway."
}
] |
The Taj Mahal was commissioned 17 years before construction was finished.
| 0 | 4 |
Taj Mahal
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is set in South Wales during the reign of Queen Victoria."
}
] |
P4DHfMw2IQ6vtYMDflRS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He sits up to \"... look down in the valley.\" He then reflects: \"How green was my Valley that day, too, green and bright in the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is available on DVD from 20th Century Fox as part of their 20th Century Fox Studio Classics collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The author had claimed that he based the book on his own personal experiences"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Directed by John Ford, How Green Was My Valley was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The phrase is used again in the novel's last sentence: \"How green was my Valley then, and the Valley of them that have gone.\" In the United States, Llewellyn won the National Book Award for favourite novel of 1940, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "Down Where the Moon is Small (1966) – Huw's life in Argentina Green, Green"
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "My Valley Now (1975) – Huw returns to Wales"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "It tells the story of the Morgans, a respectable mining family of the South Wales Valleys, through the eyes of one of the sons, Huw Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is set in South Wales during the reign of Queen Victoria."
}
] |
How Green Was My Valley is based in rural France.
| 2 | 3 |
How Green Was My Valley
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In his later years, Flick still answered requests for autographs from his fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Harrison Flick (January 11, 1876 – January 9, 1971) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball from 1898 to 1910 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Athletics, and Cleveland Bronchos/Naps."
}
] |
P4yT0pNjC5xQkG5W3raa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Though this injunction named Lajoie, Bill Bernhard, and Chick Fraser only, it still applied to Flick as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Only four 19th century baseball players, including Flick, were still alive in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "When he received the call from Branch Rickey that he had been selected, Flick did not believe Rickey at first."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "He missed the beginning of the 1909 season as well, as a doctor recommended Flick have his appendix removed."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In his later years, Flick still answered requests for autographs from his fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "The title winner, Honus Wagner, later said, \"I've had a lot of thrills, but don't think I was ever happier than in 1900 when I won after battling Elmer Flick to the last day of the season for the title."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Between 1900 and 2010, 49 players accomplished that feat."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though Flick did not have a uniform or shoes, he hit well in both games of the doubleheader, though Bedford lost both games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Amid talk of a revival of the American Association, Flick and several other players began to talk about not returning to the team the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Harrison Flick (January 11, 1876 – January 9, 1971) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball from 1898 to 1910 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Athletics, and Cleveland Bronchos/Naps."
}
] |
Elmer Flick was a professional baseball player who was still receiving recognition from the public well into his 90s.
| 2 | 6 |
Elmer Flick
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carroll published a sequel in 1871, entitled Through the Looking-Glass, and a shortened version for young children, The Nursery \"Alice\", in 1890."
}
] |
P517ukvJ5i77BMynw8Yw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception by reviewers",
"text": "The book Alice in Wonderland failed to be named in an 1888 poll of the publishing season's most popular children's stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The binding for the Appleton Alice was identical to the 1866 Macmillan Alice, except for the publisher's name at the foot of the spine."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "1915 : A dramatic screenplay script rendering of Alice in Wonderland by Alice Gerstenberg is published as Alice in Wonderland; a dramatization of Lewis Carrolls 'Alices adventures in Wonderland' and 'Through the looking glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | \"All in the golden afternoon...\"",
"text": "During the trip Dodgson told the girls a story that featured a bored little girl named Alice who goes looking for an adventure."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Comic strips and books",
"text": "Walt Disney's Alice in Wonderland (1965, Gold Key Comics) Walt Disney's Alice in Wonderland (Whitman, 1984) \"The Complete Alice in Wonderland\" (2005, Dynamite Entertainment)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells of a young girl named Alice, who falls through a rabbit hole into a subterranean fantasy world populated by peculiar, anthropomorphic creatures."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence",
"text": "Labelled “a dauntless, no-nonsense heroine” by The Guardian, the character of the plucky, yet proper, Alice has proven immensely popular and inspired similar heroines in literature and pop culture, many also named Alice in homage."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Cinema and television",
"text": "Alice in Wonderland (1966), an animated Hanna-Barbera TV movie with Janet Waldo as Alice Alice in Wonderland (1966), a BBC television play directed by Jonathan Miller"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Cinema and television",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1972), a musical film version starring Fiona Fullerton as Alice Alice in Wonderland (sometimes listed as Alice in Wonderland: An X-Rated Musical Comedy) (1976), an American erotic musical comedy film, starring Kristine DeBell"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Cinema and television",
"text": "Alice in Wonderland (1954) BBC broadcast of a ballet version."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carroll published a sequel in 1871, entitled Through the Looking-Glass, and a shortened version for young children, The Nursery \"Alice\", in 1890."
}
] |
Alice in Wonderland has a prequel and named Alice.
| 0 | 0 |
Alice in Wonderland
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He defended high-profile clients in many famous trials of the early 20th century, including teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb for murdering 14-year-old Robert \"Bobby\" Franks (1924); teacher John T. Scopes in the Scopes \"Monkey\" Trial (1925), in which he opposed statesman and orator William Jennings Bryan; and Ossian Sweet in a racially-charged self-defense case (1926)."
}
] |
P5P7FczNAMm8C9RB3jAQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legal career",
"text": "Darrow worked in the city law department for two years when he resigned and took a position as a lawyer at the Chicago and North-Western Railway Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | From corporate lawyer to labor lawyer",
"text": "His former mentor, Governor John Peter Altgeld, joined Darrow's firm following his Chicago mayoral electoral defeat in 1899 and worked with Darrow until his death in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | From corporate lawyer to labor lawyer",
"text": "Rogers became ill during the second trial and rarely came to court."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career",
"text": "He was offered work as an attorney for the city of Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | From corporate lawyer to labor lawyer",
"text": "In 1911, the American Federation of Labor (AFL) called on Darrow to defend the McNamara brothers, John and James, who were charged in the Los Angeles Times bombing on October 1, 1910, during the bitter struggle over the open shop in Southern California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He defended high-profile clients in many famous trials of the early 20th century, including teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb for murdering 14-year-old Robert \"Bobby\" Franks (1924); teacher John T. Scopes in the Scopes \"Monkey\" Trial (1925), in which he opposed statesman and orator William Jennings Bryan; and Ossian Sweet in a racially-charged self-defense case (1926)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | National renown | Leopold and Loeb",
"text": "As neither Leopold nor Loeb had a working emotional system, they did not feel revolted."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | From corporate lawyer to labor lawyer",
"text": "During the weekend of November 19–20, 1911, he discussed with pro-labor journalist Lincoln Steffens and newspaper publisher E.W. Scripps the possibility of reaching out to the Times about the terms of a plea agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | From labor lawyer to criminal lawyer",
"text": "This effectively put Darrow out of business as a labor lawyer, and he switched to civil and criminal cases."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Other",
"text": "The Clarence Darrow Commemorative Committee holds an annual event to honor Darrow's life and work."
}
] |
Darrow had some high profile clientele that he had worked for during his career as a lawyer.
| 0 | 0 |
Clarence Darrow
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Original production",
"text": "The original Broadway production, which opened at the Morosco Theater on March 24, 1955, was directed by Elia Kazan and starred Barbara Bel Geddes as Maggie, Ben Gazzara as Brick, Burl Ives as Big Daddy, Mildred Dunnock as Big Mama, Pat Hingle as Gooper, and Madeleine Sherwood as Mae."
}
] |
P5SZBq9jNrehWEyL1f8P
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is the story of a Southern family in crisis, especially the husband Brick and wife Margaret (usually called Maggie or \"Maggie the Cat\"), and their interaction with Brick's family over the course of one evening's gathering at the family estate in Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof features motifs such as social mores, greed, superficiality, mendacity, decay, sexual desire, repression and death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams; an adaptation of his 1952 short story Three Players of a Summer Game; he wrote the play between 1953 and 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1976, a television version of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was produced, starring the then husband-and-wife team of Natalie Wood and Robert Wagner, and featuring Laurence Olivier as Big Daddy and Maureen Stapleton as Big Mama."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Revivals",
"text": "In 2008, an all-black production directed by Debbie Allen opened on Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Original production",
"text": "In London, the play was directed by Peter Hall and opened at the Comedy Theatre on January 30, 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Revivals",
"text": "In 2010, a production of the play opened at Cambridge University's ADC Theatre, and in January 2011, a production to mark Williams' 100th birthday was presented at Vienna's English Theatre, Vienna, Austria."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Revivals",
"text": "A 2001 production at the Lyric Shaftesbury, London, was the first West End revival since 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Revivals",
"text": "For this production, Williams restored much of the text which he had removed from the original one at the insistence of Elia Kazan."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Original production",
"text": "The original Broadway production, which opened at the Morosco Theater on March 24, 1955, was directed by Elia Kazan and starred Barbara Bel Geddes as Maggie, Ben Gazzara as Brick, Burl Ives as Big Daddy, Mildred Dunnock as Big Mama, Pat Hingle as Gooper, and Madeleine Sherwood as Mae."
}
] |
The first Broadway production of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof opened at Marquis Theatre.
| 0 | 3 |
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Relatives",
"text": "María Antonia became Bolívar's agent to deal with his properties while he served as president of Gran Colombia and she was an executrix of his will."
}
] |
P5o9JFQQmybOFvDu6zrl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family history | 16th century",
"text": "The majority of the wealth of Simón de Bolívar's descendants came from the estates."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Don Simón Rodríguez became Bolívar's teacher, friend and mentor."
},
{
"section_header": "Relatives",
"text": "One of his sisters died in infancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Relatives",
"text": "His closest living relatives descend from his sisters and brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Another sister, María del Carmen, died at birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "He had two older sisters and a brother: María Antonia, Juana, and Juan Vicente."
},
{
"section_header": "Descriptions of Bolívar | Karl Marx",
"text": "In an unsympathetic biography titled Bolívar y Ponte, Simón, published in the New American Cyclopedia, Karl Marx criticized much of Bolívar's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and physical legacy",
"text": "In the US, an imposing bronze equestrian statue of Simón Bolívar stands at the southern entrance to Central Park at the Avenue of the Americas in New York City which also celebrates Bolívar's contributions to Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "Family history | 16th century",
"text": "Bolívar's first South American ancestor was Simón de Bolívar (or Simon de Bolibar; the spelling was not standardized until the 19th century), who lived and worked in Santo Domingo (present-day Dominican Republic) from 1559 to 1560 and where his son Simón de Bolívar y Castro was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Relatives",
"text": "His eldest sister, María Antonia, married Pablo Clemente Francia and had four children: Josefa, Anacleto, Valentina, and Pablo."
},
{
"section_header": "Relatives",
"text": "María Antonia became Bolívar's agent to deal with his properties while he served as president of Gran Colombia and she was an executrix of his will."
}
] |
Simón Bolívar's sister was the executor of his will.
| 0 | 0 |
Simón Bolívar
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"The Wizard\" for his defensive brilliance, Smith set major league records for career assists (8,375) and double plays (1,590) by a shortstop (the latter since broken by Omar Vizquel), as well as the National League (NL) record with 2,511 career games at the position; Smith won the NL Gold Glove Award for play at shortstop for 13 consecutive seasons (1980–1992)."
}
] |
P5rw9TJLuo9rBvfwN0Jt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "While \"The Wizard of Oz\" nickname was an allusion to the 1939 motion picture of the same name, Smith also came to be known as simply \"The Wizard\" during his playing career, as Smith's Baseball Hall of Fame plaque would later attest."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, after which his son Dustin presented his Hall of Fame plaque."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith remains a visible figure around the St. Louis area, making varied appearances like playing the role of the Wizard in the St. Louis Municipal Opera's summer 2001 production of The Wizard of Oz."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Smith's fielding play prompted the Yuma Daily Sun to use the nickname \"The Wizard of Oz\" in a March 1981 feature article about Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Later named an All-American athlete, he established school records in career at bats (754) and career stolen bases (110) before graduating in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Smith was attending junior high school, his parents divorced."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "On December 10, 1981, the Padres traded him along with a player to be named later and Steve Mura to the Cardinals for a player to be named later, Sixto Lezcano and Garry Templeton."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "During July of the 1984 season, Smith went on the disabled list with a broken wrist after being hit by a pitch during a game against the Padres."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While participating in childhood athletic activities, Smith developed quick reflexes; he went on to play baseball in high school and college, at Los Angeles' Locke High School and Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Upon becoming a student at Locke High School, Smith played on the basketball and baseball teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"The Wizard\" for his defensive brilliance, Smith set major league records for career assists (8,375) and double plays (1,590) by a shortstop (the latter since broken by Omar Vizquel), as well as the National League (NL) record with 2,511 career games at the position; Smith won the NL Gold Glove Award for play at shortstop for 13 consecutive seasons (1980–1992)."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith earned his nick name for his love of the Wizard of Oz, which he advocated be included in public school reading programs.
| 1 | 1 |
Ozzie Smith
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a revolutionary socialist political organization founded by Marxist college students Bobby Seale (Chairman) and Huey Newton (Minister of Defense) in October 1966 in Oakland, California."
}
] |
P6U35nv6dj5K7j9uN30m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "The school itself was dissimilar to traditional schools in a variety of ways including the fact that students were separated by academic performance rather than age and students were often provided one on one support as the faculty to student ratio was"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "The first Liberation School was opened by the Richmond Black Panthers in July 1969 with brunch served and snacks provided to students."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "The overall goal of the school was to instill a sense of revolutionary consciousness in the students."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "1:10.The Panther's goal in opening Liberation Schools, and specifically the Intercommunal Youth Institute, was to provide students with an education that wasn't being provided in the \"white\" schools, as the public schools in the district employed a eurocentric assimilationist curriculum with little to no attention to black history and culture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "Named the Intercommunal Youth Institute (IYI), this school, under the directorship of Brenda Bay, and later, Ericka Huggins, enrolled twenty-eight students in its first year, with the majority being the children of Black Panther parents."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "With a strong belief in experiential learning, students had the opportunity to participate in community service projects as well as practice their writing skills by drafting letters to political prisoners associated with the Black Panther Party."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "In order to provide full support for Black Panther parents whose time was spent organizing, some of the students and faculty members lived together year around."
},
{
"section_header": "Women and womanism | Gwen Robinson",
"text": "\"In 12th grade, she decided to work full-time with the Party, dropping out of chaotic Denby High School in Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present day society.\" In order to ensure that this occurred, the Black Panther Party took the education of their youth in their own hands by first establishing after-school programs and then opening up Liberation Schools in a variety of locations throughout the country which focused their curriculum on Black history, writing skills, and political science."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "The school eventually closed in 1982 due to governmental pressure on party leadership which caused insufficient membership and funds to continue running the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a revolutionary socialist political organization founded by Marxist college students Bobby Seale (Chairman) and Huey Newton (Minister of Defense) in October 1966 in Oakland, California."
}
] |
The Black Panther Party was created by high school students.
| 2 | 3 |
Black Panther Party
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "Most medieval battles were short-lived, lasting only a few hours, so the Battle of Bannockburn is unusual in that it lasted two days."
}
] |
P6U7V2Jipi0PGUesxRRM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | Second day of battle",
"text": "Few accompanied Gloucester and, when he reached the Scottish lines, he was quickly surrounded and killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "The Scots then rushed the English forces under Gloucester's and Hereford's command, who retreated, struggling back over the Bannockburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Second day of battle",
"text": "Not long after daybreak, Edward was surprised to see the Scottish pikemen emerge from the cover of the woods and advance towards his position."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Second day of battle",
"text": "\"The Earl of Gloucester had argued with the Earl of Hereford over who should lead the vanguard into battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Arts",
"text": "The chorus of Scotland's unofficial national anthem Flower of Scotland refers to Scotland's victory over Edward and the English at Bannockburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | English retreat",
"text": "Weighing the available evidence, Reese concludes that \"it seems doubtful if even a third of the foot soldiers returned to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "William was killed, Thomas was taken prisoner, his horse being killed on the pikes, and he himself carried off with the Scots on foot when they marched off, having utterly routed the squadron of the said two lords."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | English retreat",
"text": "Historian Peter Reese wrote that \"only one sizeable group of men – all foot soldiers – made good their escape to England."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "others to the king's army, which having already left the road through the wood had debouched upon a plain near the water of Forth beyond Bannockburn, an evil, deep, wet marsh, where the said English army unharnessed and remained all night, having sadly lost confidence and being too much disaffected by the events of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The precise numerical advantage of the English forces relative to the Scottish forces is unknown, but modern researchers estimate that the Scottish faced English forces one-and-a-half to two or three times their size."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "Most medieval battles were short-lived, lasting only a few hours, so the Battle of Bannockburn is unusual in that it lasted two days."
}
] |
The Battle of Bannockburn was over quickly, as were most military engagements of the time, being how difficult it is to take cover from hoards of soldiers with melee weapons.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Bannockburn
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Veeck was at various times the owner of the Cleveland Indians, St. Louis Browns and Chicago White Sox."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Franchise owner | Major League Baseball | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "As soon as he could, Bill Veeck got rid of those three\", Doby said."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise owner | Major League Baseball | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "However Los Angeles Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley was not willing to compete with a team owned by Veeck, even if he would only be a minority partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Poor health/death",
"text": "The younger Veeck and co-owner actor Bill Murray emulated many of Bill Veeck's promotional stunts with the Saints."
},
{
"section_header": "Books by Veeck",
"text": "Veeck wrote three autobiographical works, each a collaboration with journalist Ed Linn."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bill Veeck was born on February 9, 1914, in Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise owner | Major League Baseball | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Joseph Thomas Moore wrote in his biography of Larry Doby, \"Bill Veeck planned to buy the Philadelphia Phillies with the as yet unannounced intention of breaking that color line.\" In 1946, Veeck became the owner of a major league team, the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Veeck Sr. was a local sports writer who wrote numerous columns about how he would run the Cubs differently, and the team's owner, William Wrigley Jr., took him up on the implied offer."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise owner | Major League Baseball | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "All the guys put their hand out, all but three."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise owner | Minor League Baseball | Milwaukee Brewers",
"text": "After winning three pennants in five years Veeck sold his Milwaukee franchise in 1945 for a $275,000 profit."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise owner | Major League Baseball | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "The placement of players' names on jerseys was quickly adopted by the newly launched American Football League in the fall of 1960 and became prevalent through most U.S. professional sports by the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Veeck was at various times the owner of the Cleveland Indians, St. Louis Browns and Chicago White Sox."
}
] |
Bill Veeck has owned three different professional baseball teams.
| 2 | 4 |
Bill Veeck
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prizzi's Honor is a 1985 American black comedy crime film directed by John Huston from a screenplay written by Richard Condon and Janet Roach based on Condon's 1982 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, while trying to find the best way to complete their missions, they end up falling in love."
}
] |
P76wF4rAidevdpQsFcdU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the film, two highly skilled assassins are hired to kill each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prizzi's Honor is a 1985 American black comedy crime film directed by John Huston from a screenplay written by Richard Condon and Janet Roach based on Condon's 1982 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, while trying to find the best way to complete their missions, they end up falling in love."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prizzi's Honor was theatrically released on June 14, 1985 by 20th Century Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Anjelica Huston was paid the SAG-AFTRA scale rate of $14,000 for her role in Prizzi's Honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Do I ice her? Which one of these?\") Each pulls a weapon simultaneously in the bedroom."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Irene ends up dead, and Charley ends up back in New York, missing her, but consoled by Maerose."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Maerose is in disfavor with her father for running off with another man after the end of her romance with Charley."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Jack Nicholson's average-guyness as Charley, the clan's enforcer, is the film's touchstone: this is a baroque comedy about people who behave in ordinary ways in grotesque circumstances, and it has the juice of everyday family craziness in it.\" Roger Ebert gave the film three and half stars out of four and wrote:\"This is the most bizarre comedy in many a month, a movie so dark, so cynical and so funny that perhaps only Jack Nicholson and Kathleen Turner could have kept straight faces during the love scenes.\" On Rotten Tomatoes Prizzi's Honor holds an 86% rating based on thirty-six reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the last of John Huston's films to be released during his lifetime."
}
] |
Prizzi's Honor is a crime film that ends with the two killers falling for each other.
| 3 | 8 |
Prizzi's Honor
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The story about Wally being shot down over Burma was based in part on that of Irving's biological father (whom he never met), who had been shot down over Burma and survived."
}
] |
P7xP3xwrsHSVFkR2fKE9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The novel was adapted into a film of the same name released in 1999 directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Tobey Maguire as Homer Wells."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The story about Wally being shot down over Burma was based in part on that of Irving's biological father (whom he never met), who had been shot down over Burma and survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Wilbur's and Homer's lives are complicated by Wilbur also secretly being an abortionist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story relates his early life at Larch's orphanage in Maine and follows Homer as he eventually leaves the nest and comes of age in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Subsequently, Wally is found in Burma and returns home, paralyzed from the waist down."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Wally goes off to serve in the Second World War and his plane is shot down over Burma."
}
] |
The section of the novel about a character's dad being downed in an airplane was adapted on the author's real life experiences.
| 0 | 0 |
The Cider House Rules
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pakistan gained independence in 1947 as a homeland for Indian Muslims following the Pakistan Movement, which sought statehood for the Muslim-majority regions of British India through partition."
}
] |
P80UZCrGfaJ7ZDTbpDHI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration",
"text": "Since 1989 thousands of Kashmiri Muslim refugees have sought refuge in Pakistan, complaining that many of the refugee women had been raped by Indian soldiers and that they were forced out of their homes by the soldiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography, environment, and climate | Flora and fauna",
"text": "The southern plains are home to mongooses, small Indian civet, hares, the Asiatic jackal, the Indian pangolin, the jungle cat, and the desert cat."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pakistan Movement",
"text": "Thus, the 1946 election was effectively a plebiscite in which the Indian Muslims were to vote on the creation of Pakistan, a plebiscite won by the Muslim League."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of Islam in Pakistan",
"text": "Al-Haj Amin al-Husseini, and leaders of the Muslim Brotherhood, became drawn to the country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pakistan Movement",
"text": "The Congress, which initially denied the Muslim League's claim of being the sole representative of Indian Muslims, was now forced to recognise the fact."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pakistan gained independence in 1947 as a homeland for Indian Muslims following the Pakistan Movement, which sought statehood for the Muslim-majority regions of British India through partition."
},
{
"section_header": "Role of Islam in Pakistan",
"text": "The idea of Pakistan, which had received overwhelming popular support among Indian Muslims, especially those in the provinces of British India where Muslims were in a minority such as the United Provinces, was articulated in terms of an Islamic state by the Muslim League leadership, the ulama (Islamic clergy) and Jinnah."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Immigration",
"text": "Pakistan is home to one of the world's largest refugee populations."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Diaspora",
"text": "Pakistan ranks 10th in the world for remittances sent home."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Science and technology",
"text": "Successfully producing and launching the nation's first space satellite in 1990, Pakistan became the first Muslim country and second South Asian country to put a satellite into space."
}
] |
Pakistan became the Indian Muslim home in 1967.
| 0 | 0 |
Pakistan
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Joan of Arc's religious visions have remained an ongoing topic of interest."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Joan of Arc gained favor in the court of King Charles VII, who accepted her as sane."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Joan of Arc's religious visions have remained an ongoing topic of interest."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "John Hughes rejected the idea that Joan of Arc suffered from epilepsy in an article in the academic journal Epilepsy & Behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Charles VI was popularly known as \"Charles the Mad\", and much of France's political and military decline during his reign could be attributed to the power vacuum that his episodes of insanity had produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Dr. Philip Mackowiak dismissed the possibility of schizophrenia and several other disorders (Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and ergot poisoning) in a chapter on Joan of Arc in his book Post-Mortem in 2007.Dr."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Some historians sidestep speculation about the visions by asserting that her belief in her calling is more relevant than questions about the visions' ultimate origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Analysis of her visions is problematic since the main source of information on this topic is the condemnation trial transcript in which she defied customary courtroom procedure about a witness oath and specifically refused to answer every question about her visions."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "A number of more recent scholars attempted to explain her visions in psychiatric or neurological terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "World War I songs include \"Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You\", and \"Joan of Arc's Answer Song\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Alleged relics",
"text": "\"Remains found under the stake of Joan of Arc, virgin of Orleans."
}
] |
Joan of Arc is known because of her visions.
| 0 | 0 |
Joan of Arc
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film adaptations | 1949 BBC teleplay",
"text": "The first visual adaptation of the book was a live teleplay broadcast from Alexandra Palace on 25 January 1949 by the BBC, which starred Russell Napier as the Time Traveller and Mary Donn as Weena."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "Classics Illustrated was the first to adapt The Time Machine into a comic book format, issuing an American edition in July 1956."
}
] |
P8F6hhK1jSu0VQS5KybV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Luckily, he had removed the machine's levers before leaving it (the time machine being unable to travel through time without them)."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels by other authors",
"text": "The intervention of Holmes and Watson succeeds in calling back the missing Time Traveler, who has resolved to prevent the time machine's existence, out of concern for the danger it could make possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels by other authors",
"text": "Sought out by the lookalike son of James Filby, Jones goes to England to collect his inheritance, leading ultimately to George's journals, and the Time Machine's original plans."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "Classics Illustrated was the first to adapt The Time Machine into a comic book format, issuing an American edition in July 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio and audio | Big Finish",
"text": "This adaptation was written by Marc Platt, and starred Ben Miles as the Time Traveller."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio and audio | Big Finish",
"text": "On 5 September 2017, Big Finish Productions released an adaptation of The Time Machine."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film adaptations | 1949 BBC teleplay",
"text": "The first visual adaptation of the book was a live teleplay broadcast from Alexandra Palace on 25 January 1949 by the BBC, which starred Russell Napier as the Time Traveller and Mary Donn as Weena."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film adaptations | 1978 television film",
"text": "Dr. Neil Perry (John Beck), the Time Traveller, is described as one of Mega's most reliable contributors by his senior co-worker Branly (Whit Bissell, an alumnus of the 1960 adaptation)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "From April 1990, Eternity Comics published a three-issue miniseries adaptation of The Time Machine, written by Bill Spangler and illustrated by John Ross — this was collected as a trade paperback graphic novel in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "In 1976, Marvel Comics published a new version of The Time Machine, as #2 in their Marvel Classics Comics series, with art by Alex Niño. (This adaptation was originally published in 1973 by Pendulum Press as part of their Pendulum Now Age Classics series; it was colorized and reprinted by Marvel in 1976.) In 1977, Polish painter Waldemar Andrzejewski adapted the novel as a 22-page comic book, written in Polish by Antoni Wolski."
}
] |
The Time Machine's adaption has been limited to theater.
| 2 | 5 |
The Time Machine
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "Upon its release, the poem was criticized for being obscure and difficult to read."
},
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "The use of archaic spelling of words was seen as not in keeping with Wordsworth's claims of using common language."
}
] |
P8G7azw0jJQR7o5ENmFW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical Ballads."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "the main character says \"It was like being tapped by Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner, who stoppeth one of three\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Wordsworth's comments",
"text": "Wordsworth wrote to Joseph Cottle in 1799: From what I can gather it seems that the Ancient Mariner has upon the whole been an injury to the volume, I mean that the old words and the strangeness of it have deterred readers from going on."
},
{
"section_header": "Coleridge's comments",
"text": "In Table Talk, Coleridge wrote: Mrs Barbauld once told me that she admired The Ancient Mariner very much, but that there were two faults in it"
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "Like The Divine Comedy or any other poem, the Rime is not valued or used always or everywhere or by everyone in the same way or for the same reasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner relates the experiences of a sailor who has returned from a long sea voyage."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Iron Maiden song \"Rime of the Ancient Mariner\" from their fifth studio album Powerslave (1984) was inspired by and based on the poem, and quotes the poem in its lyrics."
},
{
"section_header": "Coleridge's comments",
"text": "In Biographia Literaria, Coleridge wrote: The thought suggested itself (to which of us"
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "Bernard Martin argues in The Ancient Mariner and the Authentic Narrative that Coleridge was also influenced by the life of Anglican clergyman John Newton, who had a near-death experience aboard a slave ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "\"George Whalley, in his 1946–47 essay, \"The Mariner and the Albatross\", suggests that the Ancient Mariner is an autobiographical portrait of Coleridge himself, comparing the mariner's loneliness with Coleridge's own feelings of loneliness expressed in his letters and journals."
},
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "Upon its release, the poem was criticized for being obscure and difficult to read."
},
{
"section_header": "Early criticisms",
"text": "The use of archaic spelling of words was seen as not in keeping with Wordsworth's claims of using common language."
}
] |
Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote his poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner with simple words on purpose, so that everyone would be able to understand it.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo tells the story of an Italian-American widow in Mississippi who has withdrawn from the world after her husband's death and expects her daughter to do the same."
}
] |
P8SQMz4Z4UGMkeDakGL8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams in 1949 and 1950; after its Chicago premiere on December 29, 1950, he made further revisions to the play for its Broadway premiere on February 2, 1951, and its publication by New Directions the following month."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast | 1966 Revival",
"text": "Joanna Sandra Malatzy – Child"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "The presiding judge, Justice O'Flynn, ruled: \"I can only infer that by arresting the accused, the object would be achieved of closing down the play.\" One of the results of this case was that any charges brought against theatre would have to be proved before the show could be forced to close."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The play was revived in 1966, again starring Maureen Stapleton, with Maria Tucci replacing Phyllis Love in the role of Rose Delle Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rose Tattoo tells the story of an Italian-American widow in Mississippi who has withdrawn from the world after her husband's death and expects her daughter to do the same."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast | 1966 Revival",
"text": "Susan Carol Malatzky – Child Ruth Manning – Violetta"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "An intellectual revolt against the closing of The Rose Tattoo came from not only Ireland but from the continent, led by playwrights Samuel Beckett, Seán O'Casey, and Brendan Behan."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "On May 12, 1957, the Pike Theatre in Dublin, Ireland, staged The Rose Tattoo with Anna Manahan as the lead and the Irish scenic artist Reginald Gray as the set designer."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The play was recreated for a July 5, 1953, hour-long radio adaptation on the program Best Plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The original production of The Rose Tattoo premiered February 3, 1951, at the Martin Beck Theatre (now known as the Al Hirschfeld Theatre) and concluded October 27, 1951, with a total of 306 performances."
}
] |
The Rose Tattoo is a play about a woman who's husband has passed away and wants to her female child to give up on society like she has.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rose Tattoo
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set against the backdrop of World War II, A Separate Peace explores morality, patriotism, and loss of innocence through its narrator, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Separate Peace is a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, published in 1959."
}
] |
P8UAaUSJjvrG0J4GK4Kx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Gene Forrester: A Separate Peace is told from Gene's point of view."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Separate Peace is a coming-of-age novel by John Knowles, published in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones",
"text": "Though frequently taught in U.S. high schools, curricula related to A Separate Peace typically ignore a possible homoerotic reading in favor of engaging with the book as a historical novel or coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set against the backdrop of World War II, A Separate Peace explores morality, patriotism, and loss of innocence through its narrator, Gene."
},
{
"section_header": "Assertions of homoerotic overtones",
"text": "It would have changed everything, it wouldn’t have been the same story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Back in the present, an older Gene muses on peace, war, and enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The remainder of the story revolves around Gene's attempts to come to grips with who he is, why he shook the branch, and how he will proceed."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "During the questioning of Finny by Brinker, Finny changes the story to make Gene appear innocent of his actions in the tree."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on his earlier short story \"Phineas\", published in the May 1956 issue of Cosmopolitan, it was Knowles's first published novel and became his best-known work."
}
] |
The stories found in A Separate Peace were influenced WWII.
| 0 | 0 |
A Separate Peace
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Apomixis",
"text": "Apomixis (reproduction via asexually formed seeds) is found naturally in about 2.2% of angiosperm genera."
}
] |
P8oO6ESw4G6KPUY3x03d
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Meiosis",
"text": "Flowering plants generate gametes using a specialized cell division called meiosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Cretaceous",
"text": "It is generally assumed that the function of flowers, from the start, was to involve mobile animals in their reproduction processes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Fertilization and embryogenesis",
"text": "This process begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the pistil (female reproductive structure), germinates, and grows a long pollen tube."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Cretaceous",
"text": "The amber had frozen the act of sexual reproduction in the process of taking place."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproductive anatomy",
"text": "More typically, the flower-bearing portion of the plant is sharply distinguished from the foliage-bearing or vegetative portion, and forms a more or less elaborate branch-system called an inflorescence."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Cretaceous",
"text": "Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Fertilization and embryogenesis",
"text": "Double fertilization refers to a process in which two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovule."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Meiosis",
"text": "This process promotes the production of increased genetic diversity among progeny and the recombinational repair of damages in the DNA to be passed on to progeny."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproductive anatomy",
"text": "Homomorphic flowers may employ a biochemical (physiological) mechanism called self-incompatibility to discriminate between self and non-self pollen grains."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | History of classification",
"text": "The APG system of 1998, and the later 2003 and 2009 revisions, treat the flowering plants as a clade called angiosperms without a formal botanical name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Apomixis",
"text": "Apomixis (reproduction via asexually formed seeds) is found naturally in about 2.2% of angiosperm genera."
}
] |
All flowering plants rely on a process called "Apomixis" for reproduction.
| 0 | 0 |
Flowering plant
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is about a widowed, 37-year-old, Italian-American woman who falls in love with her fiancé's estranged, hot-tempered younger brother."
}
] |
P98KYbI248eGSQBqzDAE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The family toasts the couple with champagne and Johnny joins in at the grandfather's urging, since he will now be part of the family after all."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical and commercial reception",
"text": "Anita Gillette as Mona Moonstruck was a major critical and commercial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Moonstruck was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the romantic comedy genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Moonstruck is a 1987 American romantic comedy film directed by Norman Jewison and written by John Patrick Shanley."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical and commercial reception",
"text": "According to Gene Siskel, writing for the Chicago Tribune: \"Moonstruck, which is being sold as a romance but actually is one of the funniest pictures to come out in quite some time."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical and commercial reception",
"text": "The film holds an approval rating of 93% on Rotten Tomatoes, with the site's consensus reading, \"Led by energetic performances from Nicolas Cage and Cher, Moonstruck is an exuberantly funny tribute to love and one of the decade's most appealing comedies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is about a widowed, 37-year-old, Italian-American woman who falls in love with her fiancé's estranged, hot-tempered younger brother."
}
] |
Moonstruck is about a couple who visit Hollywood.
| 2 | 4 |
Moonstruck
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The word supernova was coined by Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky in 1929."
}
] |
PBSyv1liyOEw7msSYHJJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Classification | Type II",
"text": "The term \"Type IIb\" is used to describe the combination of features normally associated with Types II and Ib."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming convention",
"text": "The first 26 supernovae of the year are designated with a capital letter from A to Z. Afterward pairs of lower-case letters are used: aa, ab, and so on."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "Johannes Kepler began observing SN 1604 at its peak on October 17, 1604, and continued to make estimates of its brightness until it faded from naked eye view a year later."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "The first such observation was of SN 1885A in the Andromeda Galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "To use supernovae as standard candles for measuring distance, observation of their peak luminosity is required."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "It was first detected in June 2015 and peaked at 570 billion L☉, which is twice the bolometric luminosity of any other known supernova."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "By 1938, the hyphen had been lost and the modern name was in use."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "Supernova spectroscopy, used to study the physics and environments of supernovae, is more practical at low than at high redshift."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Thermal runaway | Normal Type Ia",
"text": "The larger of the two stars is the first to evolve off the main sequence, and it expands to form a red giant."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Light curves",
"text": "The intensely radioactive nature of the ejecta gases, which is now known to be correct for most supernovae, was first calculated on sound nucleosynthesis grounds in the late 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The word supernova was coined by Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky in 1929."
}
] |
The term supernova was first used by Walt Kepler.
| 1 | 6 |
Supernova
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "The New York Yankees negotiated for Chance's release from the Cubs after the 1912 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "After struggling during the 1914 season, Chance criticized the talent brought to him by Yankees scout Arthur Irwin."
}
] |
PBi7JYtbnk3x3wQcsZK2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "The Red Sox did not retain Chance after the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "Chance managed the Boston Red Sox in 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also served as manager of the Cubs, Yankees, and Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "After his relationship with the Red Sox was severed, he was named the Chicago White Sox manager for the 1924 season but developed severe influenza before he could take the helm."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "\" Chance owned a ranch in Glendora, California, which he sold prior to becoming manager of the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Career summary | Overview",
"text": "Chance fined his players for shaking hands with members of the opposing team and forced Solly Hofman to delay his wedding until after the baseball season, lest marriage impair his abilities on the playing field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He joined the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League as a player–manager, returning to MLB in 1923 as manager of the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Retired players participated in an exhibition game in Chance's honor in 1937.The City of Hope National Medical Center"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "But some sources noted that Chance had only agreed to a one-year contract and was not necessarily interested in returning to the Red Sox, a team described by one sportswriter as no better than a minor league club."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "He also played first base for the Yankees and served as field captain, though he played in no more than 12 games in a season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "The New York Yankees negotiated for Chance's release from the Cubs after the 1912 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "After struggling during the 1914 season, Chance criticized the talent brought to him by Yankees scout Arthur Irwin."
}
] |
Frank Chance played for the Red Sox until Frank Chance retired.
| 0 | 0 |
Frank Chance
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ivanhoe: A Romance () is a historical novel by Walter Scott, first published in late 1819 in three volumes, one of the Waverley novels."
}
] |
PCOQTwaEkWRdbIkBOHuD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume One",
"text": "[Ivanhoe in disguise]. [Ivanhoe in disguise]. Ch. 3 : Cedric anxiously awaits the return of Gurth and the pigs."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Ivanhoe was published by Archibald Constable in Edinburgh."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Two",
"text": "Ch. 3 (17): The Black Knight and the hermit exchange songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Three",
"text": "Ch. 3 (33): Locksley arranges ransom terms for Isaac and Aymer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ivanhoe: A Romance () is a historical novel by Walter Scott, first published in late 1819 in three volumes, one of the Waverley novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "Christopher Vogler wrote a sequel called Ravenskull (2006), published by Seven Seas Publishing."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "Pierre Efratas wrote a sequel called Le Destin d'Ivanhoe (2003), published by Éditions Charles Corlet."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Two",
"text": "who is herself only attracted by Ivanhoe."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Three",
"text": "Cedric agrees to the marriage of Ivanhoe and Rowena."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Three",
"text": "Ch. 10 (40): The Black Knight leaves Ivanhoe to travel to Coningsburgh castle for Athelstane's funeral, and Ivanhoe follows him the next day."
}
] |
Ivanhoe was published in 3 volumes.
| 3 | 6 |
Ivanhoe
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is a 2012 epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson."
}
] |
PD3kPDrSxGsOUoXWUiid
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ensemble cast also includes James Nesbitt, Ken Stott, Cate Blanchett, Ian Holm, Christopher Lee, Hugo Weaving, Elijah Wood and Andy Serkis, and features Sylvester McCoy, Barry Humphries and Manu Bennett."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is a 2012 epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Animal deaths",
"text": "According to news reports, up to 27 animals died during the production of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Video games",
"text": "Guardians of Middle-earth, which was released with the special disclaimer on the front art, marking the connection to the feature film and contains models and characters from The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, including Nori, Gollum, Dwalin and others. Lego The Lord of the Rings, which was released around the same time as the motion picture and contains a Lego model of Radagast, based on his portrayal in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | High frame rate",
"text": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey used a shooting and projection frame rate of 48 frames per second, becoming the first feature film with a wide release to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "In January 2013, it was announced The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey was nominated in the Best Live Action Motion Picture category at the Cinema Audio Society Awards, awarded on 16 February."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Marketing",
"text": "On 8 October 2012, Wellington Mayor Celia Wade-Brown announced that for the week of the premiere of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, the capital of New Zealand would be renamed the \"Middle of Middle-earth\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Theatrical release",
"text": "The world premiere of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey took place on 28 November 2012 at the Embassy Theatre in Wellington, New Zealand, with a full theatrical release in New Zealand on 12 December."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey grossed $303 million in the United States and Canada and $718.1 million elsewhere for a worldwide total of $1.021 billion, becoming the 15th film in history to reach $1 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Pick-ups for An Unexpected Journey were filmed in July 2012 as well."
}
] |
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey was overseen by James Nesbitt.
| 2 | 8 |
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "According to the author, Prometheus is being punished not only for stealing fire, but also for thwarting Zeus's plan to obliterate the human race."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "This punishment is especially galling since Prometheus was instrumental in Zeus's victory in the Titanomachy."
}
] |
PD9dV6tSxvVXHLvNcLzD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The tragedy is based on the myth of Prometheus, a Titan who defies the gods and gives fire to mankind, acts for which he is subjected to perpetual punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prometheus Bound (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης, Promētheús Desmṓtēs) is an Ancient Greek tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "According to the author, Prometheus is being punished not only for stealing fire, but also for thwarting Zeus's plan to obliterate the human race."
},
{
"section_header": "Prometheus Trilogy",
"text": "In Prometheus the Fire-Bringer, the Titan finally warns Zeus not to lie with the sea nymph Thetis, for she is fated to give birth to a son greater than the father."
},
{
"section_header": "Departures from Hesiod",
"text": "Pandora is entirely absent from Prometheus Bound, and Prometheus becomes a human benefactor and divine king-maker, rather than an object of blame for human suffering."
},
{
"section_header": "Prometheus Trilogy",
"text": "There is evidence that Prometheus Bound was the first play in a trilogy conventionally called the Prometheia, but the other two plays, Prometheus Unbound and Prometheus the Fire-Bringer, survive only in fragments."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prometheus Bound was the first work in a trilogy that also included the plays Prometheus Lyomenos (Prometheus Unbound) and Prometheus Pyrphoros (Prometheus the Fire-Bearer), neither of which has survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "This punishment is especially galling since Prometheus was instrumental in Zeus's victory in the Titanomachy."
},
{
"section_header": "Prometheus Trilogy",
"text": "Perhaps foreshadowing his eventual reconciliation with Prometheus, we learn that Zeus has released the other Titans whom he imprisoned at the conclusion of the Titanomachy."
},
{
"section_header": "Prometheus Trilogy",
"text": "Not wishing to be overthrown, Zeus would later marry Thetis off to the mortal Peleus; the product of that union will be Achilles, Greek hero of the Trojan War."
}
] |
The Greek tragedy Prometheus Bound is about a Titan who gives fire to humanity in order to save them and is punished for it brutally.
| 0 | 0 |
Prometheus Bound
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Layoffs and reductions",
"text": "On April 28, 2020, TripAdvisor notified employees the company be eliminating 600 jobs in Canada and the United States and 300 more in other countries as part of a 25 percent reduction in their workforce around the world."
}
] |
PDtmkVVD0ozEvkiGpEMI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Layoffs and reductions",
"text": "The reduction was due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Criticism of reviews",
"text": "The website also allows the community of users to report suspicious content, which is then assessed by TripAdvisor staff."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In April 2009, Tripadvisor launched in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Criticism of reviews",
"text": "The women said they received assurances from hotel staff that they would help out and contact the authorities, but the staff failed to take any follow-up action."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In April 2011, Expedia, then led by Dara Khosrowshahi, announced that it would split into two publicly traded companies by spinning off TripAdvisor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions",
"text": "In April 2015, the company acquired Portuguese startup BestTables."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions",
"text": "In April 2013, the company acquired Jetsetter, an NYC flash sale site."
},
{
"section_header": "Layoffs and reductions",
"text": "On April 28, 2020, TripAdvisor notified employees the company be eliminating 600 jobs in Canada and the United States and 300 more in other countries as part of a 25 percent reduction in their workforce around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions",
"text": "In April 2018, the company acquired Icelandic startup Bokun, a provider of software for travel booking."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions",
"text": "In February 2008, the company acquired Holiday Watchdog, user-generated travel site in the U.K.In April 2008, the company acquired Airfarewatchdog."
}
] |
Tripadvisor reduced a quarter of its staff in April because of the pandemic.
| 2 | 4 |
TripAdvisor
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Owen Hubbell (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed \"The Meal Ticket\" and \"King Carl\", was an American Major League Baseball player."
}
] |
PEEPKlh0ft7N1DZe4yh5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He was twice named National League MVP (1933, 1936) (1st unanimous MVP pick in 1936)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He hadn't planned on doing any scouting, but he was impressed by Hubbell."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Kinsella followed Hubbell for a month and was still impressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "Hubbell was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Hubbell was born in Carthage, Missouri and raised in Meeker, Oklahoma."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "no bigger than a dime\". Hubbell was released at the end of the 1943 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Joe DiMaggio called Hubbell the toughest pitcher he'd ever faced."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Hubbell was originally signed by the Detroit Tigers and was invited to spring training in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hubbell was married to Lucille \"Sue\" Harrington (1905–1967) from 1930 until her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "In its 1936 World Series cover story about Lou Gehrig and Carl Hubbell, Time magazine depicted the Fall Classic that year between crosstown rivals Giants and Yankees as \"a personal struggle between Hubbell and Gehrig\", calling Hubbell \"... currently baseball's No. 1 Pitcher and among the half dozen ablest in the game's annals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Owen Hubbell (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed \"The Meal Ticket\" and \"King Carl\", was an American Major League Baseball player."
}
] |
Hubbell was named "Silver Fox".
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Hubbell
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights."
}
] |
PFH0lAlVEpab188zixTY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "With the success of The Glass Menagerie, Williams was to give half of the royalties from the play to his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie has had several Broadway revivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Original Broadway cast",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie opened on Broadway in the Playhouse Theatre on March 31, 1945, and played there until June 29, 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Hollywood film versions of The Glass Menagerie have been produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "The 1953 version is not known to survive but recordings of the other two are in circulation."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Rose died in 1996. The play was reworked from one of Williams' short stories \"Portrait of a Girl in Glass\" (1943; published 1948)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He and Laura share a quiet dance, in which he accidentally brushes against her glass menagerie, knocking a glass unicorn to the floor and breaking off its horn."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "The story is also written from narrator Tom Wingfield, and many of his soliloquies from The Glass Menagerie seem lifted straight from this original."
}
] |
The Glass Menagerie made Tennessee Williams known and was his 1st thriving play.
| 2 | 3 |
The Glass Menagerie
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Best Motion Picture Musical. Streisand also received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, becoming the first (and to date only) woman to win that award."
}
] |
PFaHhJ9nV2jauRPJAe7h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She starred in the critically acclaimed Funny Girl, for which she won the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film won an Oscar for Best Score and a Golden Globe for"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Film awards",
"text": "Streisand has won two Academy Awards (Oscar) against five nominations: two for acting, two for songwriting and one for Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Film awards",
"text": "She won Oscars for Best Actress (Funny Girl) and Best Original Song (\"Evergreen\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Best Motion Picture Musical. Streisand also received the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, becoming the first (and to date only) woman to win that award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "Streisand won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Actress for the role, sharing it with Katharine Hepburn (The Lion in Winter) , the only time there has been a tie in this Oscar category."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "Has Two Faces (1996). There was controversy when Yentl received five Academy Award nominations, but none for the major categories of Best Picture, actress, or Director."
},
{
"section_header": "Career beginnings | Television appearances, marriage and first albums",
"text": "\"Her first album, The Barbra Streisand Album in early 1963, made the top 10 on the Billboard chart and won three Grammy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara Joan \"Barbra\" Streisand (; born April 24, 1942) is an American singer, actress, and filmmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a career spanning six decades, she has achieved success in multiple fields of entertainment and has been recognized with two Academy Awards, ten Grammy Awards including the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and the Grammy Legend Award, five Emmy Awards, four Peabody Awards, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and nine Golden Globes."
}
] |
American actress Barbra Streisand won a Golden Globe for best director and is one of two women to have won the award.
| 0 | 0 |
Barbra Streisand
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to skepticism of her research and its implications, she stopped publishing her data in 1953."
}
] |
PFbpva9yiiS6v65gqKGE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to skepticism of her research and its implications, she stopped publishing her data in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Discovery of controlling elements",
"text": "Based on the reactions of other scientists to her work, McClintock felt she risked alienating the scientific mainstream, and from 1953 was forced to stop publishing accounts of her research on controlling elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Discovery of controlling elements",
"text": "She published a paper in Genetics in 1953, where she presented all her statistical data, and undertook lecture tours to universities throughout the 1950s to speak about her work."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "This information provided necessary data for the crossing-over study she published with Creighton; they also showed that crossing-over occurs in sister chromatids as well as homologous chromosomes."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Rediscovery",
"text": "In reference to her decision 20 years earlier to stop publishing detailed accounts of her work on controlling elements, she wrote in 1973: Over the years I have found that it is difficult if not impossible to bring to consciousness of another person the nature of his tacit assumptions when, by some special experiences, I have been made aware of them."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "PMC 1063197. PMC 1063197. PMID 15430309. McClintock, B. (1953)."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "McClintock published the first genetic map for maize in 1931, showing the order of three genes on maize chromosome 9."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | The origins of maize",
"text": "After extensive work in the 1960s and 1970s, McClintock and her collaborators published the seminal study"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "An anthology of her 43 publications The Discovery and Characterization of Transposable Elements: The Collected Papers of Barbara McClintock was published in 1987.The McClintock Prize is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "McClintock's cytogenetic research focused on developing ways to visualize and characterize maize chromosomes."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock stopped publishing her data in 1953 due to skepticism of her research.
| 1 | 6 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in 1881 in Canada, before its 1882 publication in the United States."
}
] |
PGODuCnqZa71crOpcJCX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Both Prince Edward and Tom Canty were played by Sean Scully, using the split-screen technique which the Disney studios had used in The Parent Trap (1961) with Hayley Mills."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Ultimately, The Prince and the Pauper was published by subscription by James R. Osgood of Boston, with illustrations by Frank Thayer Merrill and John Harley."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "In 1990, Disney Comics published Disney's The Prince and the Pauper, by Scott Saavedra and Sergio Asteriti, based on the animated featurette starring Mickey Mouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "In 1962, Dell Comics published Walt Disney's the Prince and the Pauper, illustrated by Dan Spiegle, based on the three-part television adaptation produced by Walt Disney's Wonderful World of Color."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The \"whipping-boy story,\" originally meant as a chapter to be part of The Prince and the Pauper, was published in the Hartford Bazar Budget of July 4, 1880, before Twain deleted it from the novel at the suggestion of William Dean Howells."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Prince hides an item, which the reader later learns is the Great Seal of England, then goes outside; however, dressed as Tom, he is not recognized by the guards, who drive him from the palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Loitering around the palace gates one day, he meets Edward Tudor, the Prince of Wales."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They repeatedly ask him about the missing Great Seal of England, but he knows nothing about it."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Video games",
"text": "It was eventually licensed in an English translation and released in 2006 as Beggar Prince by independent game publisher Super Fighter Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "\" Blackadder corrects him: \"and the Pauper,\" to which the prince replies \"ah yes, the Prince and the Porpoise and the Pauper.\" Since Blackadder the Third is set during the early 1800s, this is an anachronism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in 1881 in Canada, before its 1882 publication in the United States."
}
] |
The Prince and the Pauper was printed in the US one year after being published in the Great White North.
| 0 | 0 |
The Prince and the Pauper
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "Classics Illustrated was the first to adapt The Time Machine into a comic book format, issuing an American edition in July 1956."
}
] |
PGWiaEEJYxN41JVRPSo3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film adaptations | 1960 film",
"text": "In 1960, the novella was made into an American science fiction film, also known promotionally as H.G. Wells's The Time Machine."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio and audio | 1994 Alien Voices audio drama",
"text": "Some changes are made to reflect modern language and knowledge of science."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film adaptations | 1949 BBC teleplay",
"text": "No recording of this live broadcast was made; the only record of the production is the script and a few black and white still photographs."
},
{
"section_header": "The Time Traveller",
"text": "The events of this story are portrayed as having inspired Wells to write The Time Machine."
},
{
"section_header": "The Time Traveller",
"text": "In The Time Ships, Stephen Baxter's sequel to The Time Machine, the Time Traveller encounters his younger self via time travel."
},
{
"section_header": "The Time Traveller",
"text": "The Space Machine by Christopher Priest gives the Time Traveller's name as William Reynolds."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels by other authors",
"text": "It dwells heavily on the technical details of the machine and the time-paradoxes it might cause when the time machine was used to visit the past."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Derivative work | Time After Time (1979 film)",
"text": "In Time After Time, H.G. Wells invents a time machine and shows it to some friends in a manner similar to the first part of the novella."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarship | Symbols",
"text": "The Time Machine can be read as a symbolic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels by other authors",
"text": "Beyond the Time Machine by Burt Libe (2002)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "Classics Illustrated was the first to adapt The Time Machine into a comic book format, issuing an American edition in July 1956."
}
] |
The Time Machine has only been made into movies.
| 1 | 5 |
The Time Machine
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886."
}
] |
PGdBZ1p3nSMfI87cuc7B
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Darrel Abel observes that when the novel was first published in Century Magazine in 1885, the people of Boston were very displeased: The Bostonians resented its satire upon their intellectual and humanitary aspirations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "\"James bemoaned the adverse effect that this novel and The Princess Casamassima (published in the same year) had on his critical fortunes."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Edmund Wilson wrote in 1938, in his book The Triple Thinkers: Ten Essays on Literature, \"The first hundred pages of The Bostonians, with the arrival of the young Southerner in Boston and his first contacts with the Boston reformers, is, in its way, one of the most masterly things that Henry James ever did.\" The quiet but significant struggle between Olive Chancellor and Basil Ransom does seem more pertinent and engrossing today than it might have appeared to 19th century readers, because it records the struggles of a historical period that has had, we can now see, a profound impact upon the kind of country America has become."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "The Bostonians is allegedly based on the novel \"The Evangelist,\" by Alphonse Daudet."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Unlike much of James' work, The Bostonians deals with explicitly political themes: feminism and the general role of women in society."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "James himself once wrote an observation that The Bostonians had never, \"even to my much-disciplined patience, received any sort of justice."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Albert Bigelow Paine wrote in his annotation, \"It is as easy to understand Mark Twain's enjoyment of Indian Summer as his revolt against Daniel Deronda and The Bostonians."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Another theme in the book, much discussed recently, is Olive's possible lesbian attraction to Verena. (The term Boston marriage, apparently first used here by James, came to connote just such an ambiguous co-habiting long-term relationship between two women.) James is not explicit here, partially due to the conventions of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "The Bostonians considered Miss Birdseye an insulting caricature of Miss Elizabeth Peabody, the sister-in-law of Hawthorne, associate of Alcott, and friend of Emerson, and therefore too sacrosanct a personage to be placed in a humorous light."
}
] |
The Bostonians magazine was first published in 1885.
| 2 | 9 |
The Bostonians
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ownership career",
"text": "After retiring from playing and managing, Terry settled in Jacksonville, Florida, where he owned a successful Buick automobile dealership and purchased the Jacksonville Braves double-A team in 1958."
}
] |
PH6yFrmRXLaGgg6d2E4b
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "Terry was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "The Giants retired Terry's uniform no. 3 in 1984; it is posted on the facade of the upper deck in the left field corner of Oracle Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked number 59 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Memphis Bill\", he is most remembered for being the last National League player to hit .400, a feat he accomplished by batting .401 in 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career summary",
"text": "Terry retired with 1120 runs scored, 154 home runs, 1078 runs batted in and a .341 batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Terry was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership career",
"text": "After retiring from playing and managing, Terry settled in Jacksonville, Florida, where he owned a successful Buick automobile dealership and purchased the Jacksonville Braves double-A team in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Born in Atlanta, Terry made his professional baseball debut in 1915 at the age of 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Giants retired Terry's uniform number 3 in 1984; it is posted on the facade of the upper deck in the left field corner of Oracle Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked number 59 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
}
] |
Bill Terry sold cars after he retired from baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Terry
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "In 2017, Holland said that two more films were planned after Spider-Man: Homecoming, with the third film taking place during Parker's senior year of high school."
}
] |
PHjE9wOKWxFmds5b0dtu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre on June 26, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 2, as the last film in Phase Three of the MCU."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "In 2017, Holland said that two more films were planned after Spider-Man: Homecoming, with the third film taking place during Parker's senior year of high school."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "Watts, who knew the plots of Infinity War and Endgame and worked with the Russo brothers on Spider-Man's appearances in those films, was relieved that the trailer's release allowed him to speak more openly about Far From Home."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on digital on September 17, 2019, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray and DVD on October 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home was the last film released in Phase Three of the MCU."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The short includes footage featuring Hemky Madera reprising his Homecoming role as Mr. Delmar, the owner of a local bodega, which was all cut from Far From Home."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "The film was released on June 28, in China and Japan, and in the United States on July 2, in 3D and IMAX."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Dawn Michelle King, an assistant editor on many MCU films including Far From Home, provides the voice for the artificial intelligence"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Post-production for Spider-Man: Far From Home was completed in June 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "In late October 2018, Sony Pictures reached a new multi-film agreement with IMAX Corporation to release their films in IMAX, including Far From Home."
}
] |
After Far From Home there are 2 more films planned.
| 0 | 0 |
Spider-Man: Far From Home
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
}
] |
PHwvwucgpri3dUmFmJ2p
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Chacón, from Venezuela, spoke little English and had difficulty understanding when Ashburn was calling him off the ball."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "The book, \"Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall"
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "When calling late innings, Ashburn would occasionally ask on-air if the staff of Celebre's Pizza, a nearby pizzeria in South Philly, was listening to the radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "At Citizens Bank Park, the Phillies' radio-broadcast booth is named \"The Richie 'Whitey' Ashburn Broadcast Booth\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Ashburn was posthumously inducted into the inaugural class of the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2004.Each year the Phillies present the Richie Ashburn Special Achievement Award to \"a member of the organization who has demonstrated loyalty, dedication and passion for the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Ashburn was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Hall's Veterans Committee in 1995 after a long fan campaign to induct him, which included bumper stickers that read, \"Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall Not?\" He accompanied Phillies great Mike Schmidt, who was inducted in the same ceremony."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": ", Phillies shortstop from the sixties and coach, co-founded the Richie Ashburn Foundation, which provides free baseball camp for 1,100 underprivileged children in the Delaware Valley and awards grants to area schools and colleges."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The Associated Press reported, \"Richie Ashburn, fleet footed Philadelphia Phillies outfielder, brought the huge Briggs Stadium crowd of 52,075 to its feet with a brilliant leaping catch in the sixth inning to rob Vic Wertz of a near homer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "Ashburn was well known for his dry humor as a broadcaster."
}
] |
Richie Ashburn was called "Whitey" because of some unfortunate incidents of racism.
| 0 | 1 |
Richie Ashburn
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series, which ran from 2005 to 2014, follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's Manhattan."
}
] |
PIZm4vNo9Q0pa10GC6W5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Episodes were generally shot over a three-day period in the Los Angeles-based Soundstage Studio 22 and featured upwards of 50 scenes with quick transitions and flashbacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Books",
"text": "The Bro Code, cited by Barney many times throughout the series, is a set of written rules for bros to follow, and has been published as a tie-in novel, an audiobook, an iPhone Application and an Android Application."
},
{
"section_header": "Season synopsis | Season 2",
"text": "As a result of this he takes a trip to California to be a contestant on The Price"
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Dad",
"text": "The new series would possibly have featured a new bar and would not have tied into the original series."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Father",
"text": "On August 8, 2017, Fox chairman Dana Walden told Deadline that the studio was set to try a third attempt at a spin-off with different writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "This future-set frame is officially the show's \"present day\", and"
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Russian adaptation",
"text": "The GoodStoryMedia, a Russian production company, made a remake of the series which was broadcast on STS and ran for two seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Dad",
"text": "Talks of the series being \"shopped\" to other networks emerged."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Proposed spin-offs | How I Met Your Father",
"text": "On December 14, 2016, it was reported that Isaac Aptaker and Elizabeth Berger were set to write a new version of the previous spin-off's pilot, re-titled How I Met Your Father, with Bays and Thomas serving as executive producers."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Soundtracks",
"text": "A soundtrack album entitled How I Met Your Music: Original Songs from the Hit Series was released digitally to iTunes on September 24, 2012, featuring songs from the first seven seasons"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series, which ran from 2005 to 2014, follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's Manhattan."
}
] |
The series is set in Los Angeles, California.
| 2 | 7 |
How I Met Your Mother
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure | Books",
"text": "All ancient and nearly all modern editions and translations of the Odyssey are divided into 24 books."
}
] |
PIudTjX1gfZ6qSStiHDk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The first four books of the poem trace"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Odyssey (; Greek: Ὀδύσσεια, Odýsseia; Attic Greek: [o.dýs.sej.ja]) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Books",
"text": "Book 22: Mnesterophonia ('slaughter of the suitors'; Mnesteres, 'suitors' + phónos, 'slaughter').Book 22 concludes the Greek Epic Cycle, though fragments remain of the \"alternative ending\" of sorts known as the Telegony."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Books",
"text": "All ancient and nearly all modern editions and translations of the Odyssey are divided into 24 books."
},
{
"section_header": "In pop culture | Literature",
"text": "Nikos Kazantzakis aspires to continue the poem and explore more modern concerns in his epic poem"
},
{
"section_header": "In pop culture | Literature",
"text": "Omeros (1991), an epic poem by Derek Walcott, is in part a retelling of the Odyssey, set on the Caribbean island of St. Lucia."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences on the Odyssey",
"text": "Classical scholars, on the other hand, have long realized that the story of the Cyclops was originally a folk tale, which existed independently of the Odyssey and which only became embedded in it at a later date."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences on the Odyssey",
"text": "Martin West has noted substantial parallels between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Odyssey."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Books",
"text": "The Telegony aside, the last 548 lines of the Odyssey, corresponding to Book 24, are believed by many scholars to have been added by a slightly later poet."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Books",
"text": "Book 9: Cyclopeia—Odysseus' encounter with the Polyphemus."
}
] |
The Odyssey is a Greek epic poem that is so long that it is separated into twenty four books.
| 0 | 0 |
Odyssey
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
PJ2KEEvdbAFSX1E4Ncpb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Wilhelm was named to the NL All-Star team that year, but he did not play in the game because team manager Charlie Dressen did not think that any of the catchers could handle his knuckleball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "The 1954 World Series represented Wilhelm's only career postseason play."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played his entire career with a piece of shrapnel lodged in his back as a result of this injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He earned the nickname \"Old Folks\" while he still had more than a decade left in his playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played baseball at Cornelius High School in Cornelius, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "After the 1968 season, MLB expanded and an expansion draft was conducted in which the new teams could select certain players from the established teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "The team won the World Series in a four-game sweep."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "\" Triandos once said, \"Heaven is a place where no one throws a knuckleball.\"Despite"
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "During one of Wilhelm's appearances that season, catcher Ray Katt committed four passed balls in one inning to set the major league record; the record has subsequently been tied twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He retired with one of the lowest career earned run averages, 2.52, in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
Hoyt Wilhelm played with just one team throughout his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Hoyt Wilhelm
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Spain has been a member of FIFA since FIFA's foundation in 1904, even though the Spanish Football Federation was first established in 1909."
}
] |
PJT6KafNYQTmW2hP7WmS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spain has also won three continental titles, having appeared at 10 of 15 UEFA European Championships."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spain became the first European team to win a FIFA World Cup outside of Europe, having won the 2010 tournament in South Africa, as well as having won back-to-back European titles in Euro 2008 and Euro 2012, defeating Germany and Italy in the respective finals, making them the only national team with three consecutive major titles."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Spain has been a member of FIFA since FIFA's foundation in 1904, even though the Spanish Football Federation was first established in 1909."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because of this, from 2008 to 2013, the national team won the FIFA Team of the Year, the second-most of any nation, behind only Brazil."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Spain became the inaugural European national team to lift the World Cup trophy outside Europe; along with Brazil, Germany and Argentina, Spain is one of the four national teams to have won the FIFA World Cup outside its home continent."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Style of play",
"text": "During Spain's most successful period between 2008 and 2012, the team played a style of football dubbed 'tiki-taka', a systems approach to football founded upon the ideal of team unity and a comprehensive understanding in the geometry of space on a football field."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the 2002 World Cup, Spain won its three group play matches, then defeated the Republic of Ireland on penalties in the second round."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Spain national football team (Spanish: Selección Española de Fútbol) has represented Spain in international men's football competition since 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Spain won its first major international title when hosting the 1964 European Championship held in Spain, defeating the Soviet Union 2–1 in the final at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The first Spain national football team was constituted in 1920, with the main objective of finding a team that would represent Spain at the Summer Olympics held in Belgium in that same year."
}
] |
The Spain national football team has won three continental titles and at least once internationally and were not a founding member to FIFA.
| 0 | 0 |
Spain national football team
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1638, he founded the First Baptist Church in America, also known as the First Baptist Church of Providence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with Native Americans, and he was one of the first abolitionists."
}
] |
PJiMeh4zfJnx0vqeTThT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Return to England and charter matters",
"text": "Coddington never liked Williams, nor did he like being subordinated to the new charter government."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in America | Salem and Plymouth",
"text": "As a Separatist, Williams considered the Church of England irredeemably corrupt and believed that one must completely separate from it to establish a new church for the true and pure worship of God."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Williams was expelled by the Puritan leaders from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for spreading \"new and dangerous ideas\", and he established the Providence Plantations in 1636 as a refuge offering what he called \"liberty of conscience\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Return to England and charter matters",
"text": "This produced a great uproar, and Parliament responded in August by ordering the public hangman to burn all copies—but Williams himself was already on his way back to New England."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations with the Baptists",
"text": "A few years later, Dr. John Clarke established the First Baptist Church in Newport, Rhode Island, and both Roger Williams and John Clarke became the founders of the Baptist faith in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Return to England and charter matters",
"text": "Instead, Newport entered the African slave trade in 1700, after Williams' death, and became the leading port for American ships carrying slaves in the colonial American triangular trade until the American Revolutionary War."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in America | Litigation and exile",
"text": "Support for Williams began to wane under this pressure, and he withdrew from the church and began meeting with a few of his most devoted followers in his home."
},
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Pequot War and relations with Native Americans",
"text": "The Narragansetts thus became the most powerful Native American tribe in southern New England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Williams knew that Puritan leaders planned to migrate to the New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Return to England and charter matters",
"text": "It combined a phrase-book with observations about life and culture as an aid to communicate with the Native Americans of New England, covering everything from salutations to death and burial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1638, he founded the First Baptist Church in America, also known as the First Baptist Church of Providence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with Native Americans, and he was one of the first abolitionists."
}
] |
Roger Williams was the founder of a church in the New England area in the 1600s and a supporter of many new ideas like freedom for slaves.
| 1 | 4 |
Roger Williams (theologian)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "The underlying fraud of a common and unified ownership of the two companies, as regards their principal officers and directors, was not revealed for years."
}
] |
PK5VHXgpUpoSM05y5bMs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "These construction contracts brought high profits to the Crédit Mobilier, which was owned by Durant and the Union Pacific's other directors and principal stockholders, and which divided the outsize profits with the Union Pacific stockholders."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "Nor was it revealed that in every major construction contract drawn up between the Union Pacific and Crédit Mobilier, the contract's terms, conditions, and price had been offered (by Crédit Mobilier) and accepted (by the Union Pacific) through the actions of corporate officers and directors who were one and the same persons."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "The Crédit Mobilier directors reported this as a cash profit of only $23,366,319.81, a financial misrepresentation since these same directors in fact were also the recipients of the undisclosed $20,563,010, Union Pacific share of the $44 million in total profits."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "Union Pacific was accepting for payment genuine Crédit Mobilier invoices and was applying an auditable overhead expense for management and administration (of the Union Pacific) during construction of the railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "The scandal's origins dated to 1864, when the Union Pacific Railroad was chartered by Congress and the associated Crédit Mobilier was established."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though the railroad cost only $50 million to build, Crédit Mobilier billed $94 million to Union Pacific, and Union Pacific executives pocketed the excess $44 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1867, which came to public attention in 1872, was a two-part fraud by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "The railroad then prepared and presented meticulously detailed invoices to the U.S. government, requesting payment for these bills, accrued by the Union Pacific from Crédit Mobilier, for the construction of the line."
},
{
"section_header": "Transgression",
"text": "Crédit Mobilier was the exclusive construction and management agent for the building of the Pacific Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "In simplified terms, the Crédit Mobilier scheme worked in the following manner: The Union Pacific made contracts with Crédit Mobilier to build the Union Pacific railway at rates significantly above cost."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "The underlying fraud of a common and unified ownership of the two companies, as regards their principal officers and directors, was not revealed for years."
}
] |
Credit Mobilier and Union Pacific railroad were owned by the same people.
| 0 | 0 |
Credit Mobilier of America scandal
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a revolutionary socialist political organization founded by Marxist college students Bobby Seale (Chairman) and Huey Newton (Minister of Defense) in October 1966 in Oakland, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982, with chapters in numerous major cities, and international chapters in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, and in Algeria from 1969 to 1972."
}
] |
PKYh6PgehAZFERzpfLTV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy | Groups and movements inspired and aided by the Black Panthers",
"text": "April 1977 Panthers were key supporters of the 504 Sit-Ins, the longest of which was the 25-day occupation of the San Francisco Federal Building by over 120 people with disabilities."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Late 1966 to early 1967 | Oakland patrols of police",
"text": "Between the end of 1966 to the start of 1967, the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense's armed police patrols in Oakland black communities attracted a small handful of members."
},
{
"section_header": "Women and womanism",
"text": "From 1968 to the end of its publication in 1982, the head editors of the Black Panther Party newspaper were all women."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969 | Black Panther Party Liberation Schools",
"text": "The school eventually closed in 1982 due to governmental pressure on party leadership which caused insufficient membership and funds to continue running the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy | Groups and movements inspired and aided by the Black Panthers",
"text": "White Panthers, used to refer to both the White Panther Party, a far-left, anti-racist, white American political party of the 1970s, as well as the White Panthers UK, an unaffiliated group started by Mick Farren."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Late 1966 to early 1967 | Oakland patrols of police",
"text": "Numbers grew slightly starting in February 1967, when the party provided an armed escort at the San Francisco airport for Betty Shabazz, Malcolm X's widow and keynote speaker for a conference held in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding the Black Panther Party",
"text": "He had an epiphany that would distinguish the Black Panther Party from the multitude of Black Power organizations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding the Black Panther Party",
"text": "In late October 1966, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale founded the Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense)."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy | New Black Panther Party",
"text": "The Huey Newton Foundation, former chairman and co-founder Bobby Seale, and members of the original Black Panther Party have insisted that this New Black Panther Party is illegitimate and they have strongly objected to it, stating that there \"is no new Black Panther Party\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1977–82 | Return of Huey Newton and the demise of the party",
"text": "By 1980, Panther membership had dwindled to 27, and the Panther-sponsored school closed in 1982 amid a scandal over Newton embezzling funds for his drug addiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a revolutionary socialist political organization founded by Marxist college students Bobby Seale (Chairman) and Huey Newton (Minister of Defense) in October 1966 in Oakland, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982, with chapters in numerous major cities, and international chapters in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s, and in Algeria from 1969 to 1972."
}
] |
The Black Panther Party started in Oakland and deactivated in 1982.
| 1 | 4 |
Black Panther Party
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the youngest of the five sons of Walter Raleigh (1510–1581) (or Rawleigh) of Fardel Manor (in the parish of Cornwood), in South Devon."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "He had a family of four sons and three daughters."
}
] |
PKsKgZr5RxLExjz9WDCN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "He had a family of four sons and three daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "New World",
"text": "This charter specified that Raleigh had seven years in which to establish a settlement, or else lose his right to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "Raleigh's only surviving child, Carew Raleigh, had three surviving children – Walter (d. 1660), Anne (d. 1708) and Philip (d. 1705)."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "The elder son, Walter Raleigh, was knighted in June 1660, but died two months later."
},
{
"section_header": "1590–1594",
"text": "They had two more sons, Walter (known as Wat) and Carew."
},
{
"section_header": "Second voyage to Guiana",
"text": "In the initial attack on the settlement, Raleigh's son, Walter, was fatally shot."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Walter Raleigh junior's immediate family included his full brother Carew Raleigh, and half-brothers John Gilbert, Humphrey Gilbert and Adrian Gilbert."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the youngest of the five sons of Walter Raleigh (1510–1581) (or Rawleigh) of Fardel Manor (in the parish of Cornwood), in South Devon."
},
{
"section_header": "Raleigh's descendants",
"text": "He left three surviving children – Elizabeth, Philippa and Anne."
}
] |
Walter Raleigh was the fifth son in his family and he had seven children.
| 1 | 3 |
Walter Raleigh
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Labor philosophy | The five-dollar wage",
"text": "Ford's policy proved that paying employees more would enable them to afford the cars they were producing and thus boost the local economy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Labor philosophy | The five-dollar wage",
"text": "Ford announced his $5-per-day program on January 5, 1914, raising the minimum daily pay from $2.34 to $5 for qualifying male workers."
}
] |
PL2FSQMID2le2HxcrTSs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Labor philosophy | The five-dollar wage",
"text": "Ford astonished the world in 1914 by offering a $5 per day wage ($130 today), which more than doubled the rate of most of his workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Labor philosophy | The five-dollar wage",
"text": "Ford announced his $5-per-day program on January 5, 1914, raising the minimum daily pay from $2.34 to $5 for qualifying male workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Labor philosophy | The five-day workweek",
"text": "sometime later it was changed to a day off.) On May 1, 1926, the Ford Motor Company's factory workers switched to a five-day 40-hour workweek, with the company's office workers making the transition the following August."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Labor philosophy | The five-dollar wage",
"text": "Ford's policy proved that paying employees more would enable them to afford the cars they were producing and thus boost the local economy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Model T",
"text": "Ford's network of local dealers made the car ubiquitous in almost every city in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Labor philosophy | The five-dollar wage",
"text": "Efficiency meant hiring and keeping the best workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal interests | Interest in materials science and engineering",
"text": "Soybean-based plastics were used in Ford automobiles throughout the 1930s in plastic parts such as car horns, in paint, etc."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Labor philosophy | Labor unions",
"text": "On March 7, 1932, during the Great Depression, unemployed Detroit auto workers staged the Ford Hunger March to the Ford River Rouge Complex to present 14 demands to Henry Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is credited with \"Fordism\": mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Labor philosophy | The five-day workweek",
"text": "In addition to raising his workers' wages, Ford also introduced a new, reduced workweek in 1926."
}
] |
Part of Henry Ford's strategy in doubling the pay for his workers was to make it so that his workers could buy the cars they made.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Ford
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edd J. Roush (May 8, 1893 – March 21, 1988) was an American professional baseball center fielder."
}
] |
PLR5678dYGjR5s5k6yRm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1912 he played for the Evansville, Indiana team in the KITTY league."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Roush made his major league debut on August 20, 1913 for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Chicago White Sox, Newark Peppers and Indianapolis Hoosiers from 1913 to 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Roush joined the Indianapolis Hoosiers of the Federal League in 1914 and hit .325 through 74 games as the Hoosiers won the pennant."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Roush became team captain of the Reds in 1925 and led the team to a third place finish, a disappointing end to the season as the Reds led the league in ERA for the third year in a row."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Roush would finish the year with a .348 average and led the league with 21 triples."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1911, after he learned that other players were receiving $5 (equivalent to $74 in 2019) per game, he went to the rival Princeton, Indiana team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "He was contacted by Reds President Sidney Weil to play for the team in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "He finished the year with a .351 average and led the league in doubles with 41.In"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Early career",
"text": "After nine games he was sent to the minors to play for Lincoln Railsplitters of the Western League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edd J. Roush (May 8, 1893 – March 21, 1988) was an American professional baseball center fielder."
}
] |
Roush played for 5 major league baseball teams through his almost twenty year career.
| 0 | 3 |
Edd Roush
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seagull is generally considered to be the first of his four major plays."
}
] |
PLUZtg0IQxJi1pno9fM2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though the character of Trigorin is considered Chekhov's greatest male role, like Chekhov's other full-length plays, The Seagull relies upon an ensemble cast of diverse, fully developed characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Chekhov's statement also reflects his view of the play as comedy, a viewpoint he would maintain towards all his plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Moscow Art Theatre production",
"text": "Stanislavski's attention to psychological realism and ensemble playing coaxed the buried subtleties from the play and revived Chekhov's interest in writing for the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The play was also adapted as the Russian film The Seagull in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Moscow Art Theatre production",
"text": "Nemirovich overcame Chekhov's refusal to allow the play to appear in Moscow and convinced Stanislavski to direct the play for their innovative and newly founded Moscow Art Theatre in 1898."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seagull is generally considered to be the first of his four major plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Moscow Art Theatre production",
"text": "Stanislavski's directorial score was published in 1938.Stanislavski played Trigorin, while Vsevolod Meyerhold, the future director and practitioner (whom Stanislavski on his death-bed declared to be \"my sole heir in the theatre\"), played Konstantin, and Olga Knipper (Chekhov's future wife) played Arkadina."
},
{
"section_header": "Translation",
"text": "Peter France, translator and author of the book The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation, wrote of Chekhov's multiple adaptations: Proliferation and confusion of translation reign in the plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The 2003 film La petite Lili from director Claude Miller, starring Ludivine Sagnier as Nina renamed Lili, updates Chekhov's play to contemporary France in the world of the cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Other notable productions",
"text": "The Joseph Papp Public Theater presented Chekhov's play as part of the New York Shakespeare Festival summer season in Central Park from July 25, 2001 to August 26, 2001."
}
] |
The Seagull is the 1st play of Chekhov's 4.
| 0 | 0 |
The Seagull
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of October 2019, Knight was ranked by Forbes as the 21st richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$37.6 billion."
}
] |
PM3p0xw6Ug3HowBLulMb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of October 2019, Knight was ranked by Forbes as the 21st richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$37.6 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Knight met his wife, Penelope \"Penny\" Parks, while he was working at Portland State University and the pair were married on September 13, 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They own a home in La Quinta, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Knight donated almost $3.5 million to Republican Knute Buehler's unsuccessful 2018 Oregon gubernatorial campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Knight's son, Matthew, died in a scuba diving accident in El Salvador in 2004.Another son of Knight’s, Travis Knight, runs the Laika animation studio."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Phil Knight serves as Chairman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "He graduated with a master's degree in business administration from Stanford in 1962.Knight set out on a trip around the world after graduation, during which he made a stop in Kobe, Japan in November 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "At Nike, Knight developed personal relationships with some of the world's most recognizable athletes, including Michael Jordan and Tiger Woods."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Death of Matthew Knight",
"text": "In May 2004, two years after Knight bought Vinton, his son Matthew, aged 34 years, traveled to El Salvador to film a fund-raising video for Christian Children of the World, a Portland nonprofit organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "Jeff Johnson, Nike's first employee, suggested calling the firm \"Nike,\" named after the Greek winged goddess of victory, and Blue Ribbon Sport was subsequently renamed Nike in 1971.Nike's \"swoosh\" logo, now considered one of the most powerful logos in the world, was commissioned for US$35 from graphic design student Carolyn Davidson in 1971."
}
] |
In 2019 he was ranked as the 21st richest person in the world by Forbes.
| 2 | 4 |
Phil Knight
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odourless, colourless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity."
}
] |
PMArq1XCmq3imLOwxQ5Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "The noble gases show extremely low chemical reactivity; consequently, only a few hundred noble gas compounds have been formed."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Solid argon is also used for the study of very unstable compounds, such as reactive intermediates, by trapping them in an inert matrix at very low temperatures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odourless, colourless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and atomic properties",
"text": "The noble gases have weak interatomic force, and consequently have very low melting and boiling points."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Noble gases have very low boiling and melting points, which makes them useful as cryogenic refrigerants."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties",
"text": "The noble gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonflammable under standard conditions."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name makes an analogy to the term \"noble metals\", which also have low reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Noble gas is translated from the German noun Edelgas, first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Krypton atoms chemically bound to other nonmetals (hydrogen, chlorine, carbon) as well as some late transition metals (copper, silver, gold) have also been observed, but only either at low temperatures in noble gas matrices, or in supersonic noble gas jets."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Compounds of xenon bound to boron, hydrogen, bromine, iodine, beryllium, sulphur, titanium, copper, and silver have also been observed but only at low temperatures in noble gas matrices, or in supersonic noble gas jets."
}
] |
Noble gas has very low chemical reactivity and is odorless.
| 2 | 4 |
Noble gas
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Health hazards/epilepsy issues",
"text": ", Incredibles 2 certainly proves worth the wait, even if it hits the target but not the bull's-eye in quite the way the first one did.\" Many disability advocates, including the Epilepsy Foundation, have raised concerns that movie scenes with flashing lights, including that in Incredibles 2 of Elastigirl's fight with the Screenslaver, can trigger seizures in viewers affected by photosensitive epilepsy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Health hazards/epilepsy issues",
"text": "As a result, several theaters posted warnings for audiences."
}
] |
PMlfk2pNZL95BeHrrwpS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Health hazards/epilepsy issues",
"text": "Disney told USA Today that it appreciated those efforts, and then, in a memo, asked all theaters exhibiting the movie to warn audiences: \"Incredibles 2 contains a sequence of flashing lights, which may affect customers who are susceptible to photosensitive epilepsy or other photosensitivities."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Health hazards/epilepsy issues",
"text": "As a result, several theaters posted warnings for audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Health hazards/epilepsy issues",
"text": ", Incredibles 2 certainly proves worth the wait, even if it hits the target but not the bull's-eye in quite the way the first one did.\" Many disability advocates, including the Epilepsy Foundation, have raised concerns that movie scenes with flashing lights, including that in Incredibles 2 of Elastigirl's fight with the Screenslaver, can trigger seizures in viewers affected by photosensitive epilepsy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Health hazards/epilepsy issues",
"text": "\"In response to this, a re-edited version was released in the United Kingdom with all affected sequences altered so that any flashing lights and strobe effects now pass the Harding test."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Due to their actions, superheroes around the world regain legal status."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Due to Mr. Incredible's tendency to accidentally cause collateral damage, Winston chooses Elastigirl for the initial missions."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Merchandise",
"text": "A comic miniseries, titled Incredibles 2: Crisis in Mid-Life!"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "You will with Incredibles 2.\" Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune, gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars and said, \"Incredibles 2 is content to punch the clock and stick to straight, bombastic action mode."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Incredibles 2 was named by the National Board of Review as the Best Animated Film of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In Incredibles 2, we never get that rush of feeling.\" Mark Kermode of The Guardian gave the film a 4 out of 5 stars and said: \"Slapstick genius, profound social comment and a monstrously funny infant combine to conjure a magical second outing for the superhero family.\" John Nugent of Empire magazine also gave the film a four out of five stars, saying: \"There's some quibbles to be had in an over-familiar setup, and an under-served villain, but overall this is a gloriously fun family parable, and as entertaining as any superhero movie you'll see this year.\" Brian Tellerico of Rogerebert.com, gave the film a 3.5 out of 4 stars and said: \"Having said that, Incredibles 2 understands something that most family sequels, even the Pixar ones, fail to comprehend—we don't just want to repeat something we loved before."
}
] |
Incredibles 2 had to have warnings posted due to the flashing lights in it.
| 2 | 6 |
Incredibles 2
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Fall was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, to William R. and Edmonia Taylor Fall."
}
] |
PNE7HzykIvzgt11QqhqO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "On May 7, 1883, Fall married Emma Garland Morgan in Clarksville, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He served as attorney general again in 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Teapot Dome scandal",
"text": "Albert Fall died on November 30, 1944, after a long illness, in El Paso, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Fall also had a home in El Paso, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Murder on the White Sands: The Disappearance of Albert and Henry Fountain by Corey Recko, 2007, University of North Texas Press"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Albert Jennings Fountain murder case",
"text": "Fall and his neighbor, Oliver M. Lee, were land owners in the area and were rivals to attorney Albert Jennings Fountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "\"I have been praying for you, Sir,\" Fall sought to offer sincerely. \" Which way, Senator?"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "As a member of the Republican Party, Fall was elected as one of the first U.S. Senators from New Mexico in the year 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "He tried Oklahoma and Texas, but eventually he settled in Las Cruces, New Mexico Territory, where he practiced law."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861 – November 30, 1944) was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Fall was born in Frankfort, Kentucky, to William R. and Edmonia Taylor Fall."
}
] |
U.S Senator, Albert Fall, was an orphan until 1907 when he was adopted by a couple from Clarksville, Texas.
| 1 | 7 |
Albert B. Fall
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 17 seasons for the Boston, Milwaukee and Atlanta Braves (1952–1966); Houston Astros (1967) and Detroit Tigers (1967–68)."
}
] |
PNIbc12ZKV3mxFD6lEzr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Coaching and managing",
"text": "Mathews is one of the few players to play, coach, and manage for the same baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 1,944 games for the Braves during their 13-season tenure in Milwaukee—the prime of Mathews' career."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Career statistics",
"text": "In 16 World Series games, he batted .200 (10-for-50) with 7 runs, 5 doubles, 1 home run, 7 RBI, 1 stolen base and 15 walks."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He played 63 games that year for the Class D High Point-Thomasville Hi-Toms, where he hit 17 home runs and earned a .363 batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Coaching and managing",
"text": "The Braves went 149–161 (.481) during Mathews' time at the helm."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Houston Astros and Detroit Tigers",
"text": "During the 1967 season, Mathews was traded from the Astros to the Detroit Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Houston Astros and Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Over his career, he was named to the All-Star team twelve times (MLB held two All-Star Games from 1959 through 1962), played in three World Series, and drove in 100 or more runs five times."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Boston, Milwaukee, and Atlanta Braves",
"text": "This lad has one of them. \" Mathews was a powerful pull hitter, and for many years of his career teams would implement the \"Mathews shift\" when he came to bat."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He hit 512 home runs during his major league career."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Coaching and managing",
"text": "But on July 21, 1974, Mathews was fired when the team went into a slump and fell into fourth place with a 50–49 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 17 seasons for the Boston, Milwaukee and Atlanta Braves (1952–1966); Houston Astros (1967) and Detroit Tigers (1967–68)."
}
] |
Mathews only played with 1 team during his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Eddie Mathews
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Herman \"Babe\" Ruth Jr. (February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935."
}
] |
PNzVwsqOdgiS2AoAh5Vd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1936, Ruth was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame as one of its \"first five\" inaugural members."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2006, Montville stated that more books have been written about Ruth than any other member of the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "The next week, Ruth went to Cooperstown, New York, for the formal opening of the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Red Sox (1914–1919) | Developing star",
"text": "Ruth, who played under four managers who are in the National Baseball Hall of Fame, always maintained that Carrigan, who is not enshrined there, was the best skipper he ever played for."
},
{
"section_header": "Cancer and death (1946–1948)",
"text": "On July 26, 1948, Ruth left the hospital to attend the premiere of the film The Babe Ruth Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Braves (1935)",
"text": "Of the 5 members in the inaugural class of Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936 (Ty Cobb, Honus Wagner, Christy Mathewson, Walter Johnson and Ruth himself), only Ruth was not given an offer to manage a baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Cancer and death (1946–1948)",
"text": "The improvement was only a temporary remission, and by late 1947, Ruth was unable to help with the writing of his autobiography, The Babe Ruth Story, which was almost entirely ghostwritten."
},
{
"section_header": "Cancer and death (1946–1948)",
"text": "On June 5, 1948, a \"gaunt and hollowed out\" Ruth visited Yale University to donate a manuscript of The Babe Ruth Story to its library."
},
{
"section_header": "Cancer and death (1946–1948)",
"text": "The malady was a lesion known as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, or \"lymphoepithelioma.\" His name and fame gave him access to experimental treatments, and he was one of the first cancer patients to receive both drugs and radiation treatment simultaneously."
},
{
"section_header": "Cancer and death (1946–1948)",
"text": "He was never told he had cancer, but before his death, had surmised it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Herman \"Babe\" Ruth Jr. (February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935."
}
] |
Babe Ruth was not inducted into the Hall of Fame until after his death.
| 0 | 0 |
Babe Ruth
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "With the original working title, Merry-Go-Round, principal photography took place for the film, from September 11 to December 19, 1942, with additional \"inserts\" filmed in late January 1943."
}
] |
PO2OIuVbVIWmO0Q52fUs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bosley Crowther of The New York Times enjoyed The More the Merrier, calling the film \"as warm and refreshing a ray of sunshine as we've had in a very late spring\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "The film was released on Region 1 DVD."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The More the Merrier was finally approved as the title."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Working under a special three-film contract with Columbia Studios, George Stevens completed the last of directorial duties with The More the Merrier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The More the Merrier is a 1943 American comedy film made by Columbia Pictures which makes fun of the housing shortage during World War II, especially in Washington,"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Connie allows Joe to remain in the apartment as he has only a few days before being shipped out to Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Dingle calls Joe to meet him for dinner."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Variety called it \"a sparkling and effervescing piece of entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She is reluctant to do so, but decides to go if Pendergast does not call for her by 8:00 that evening."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Their talk is interrupted by the arrival of the FBI, who have been called to investigate Joe for spying, thanks to the young neighbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "With the original working title, Merry-Go-Round, principal photography took place for the film, from September 11 to December 19, 1942, with additional \"inserts\" filmed in late January 1943."
}
] |
The film The More the Merrier was called something else before it it was released.
| 0 | 0 |
The More the Merrier
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Alexander Kerensky was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on the Volga River on 4 May 1881 and was the eldest son in the family."
}
] |
PPYYAGs2Y2Dc8hg7O3fX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Alexander graduated with honours in 1899."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "He was succeeded by the Menshevik, Alexander Halpern."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Alexander Kerensky was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on the Volga River on 4 May 1881 and was the eldest son in the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "\" The huge majority (workers and soldiers) gave him great applause, and Kerensky now became the first and the only one who participated in both the Provisional Government and the Ispolkom."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "Many officers jokingly referred to commander-in-chief Kerensky as the \"persuader-in-chief\" On 2 July 1917 the Provisional Government's first coalition collapsed over the question of Ukraine's autonomy."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "After the first government crisis over Pavel Milyukov's secret note re-committing Russia to its original war-aims on 2–4 May, Kerensky became the Minister of War and the dominant figure in the newly-formed socialist-liberal coalition government."
},
{
"section_header": "Russian Provisional Government of 1917",
"text": "[O.S. 18 June] 1917. At first successful, the offensive soon met strong resistance and the Central Powers riposted with a strong counter-attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the February Revolution of 1917, he joined the newly formed Russian Provisional Government, first as Minister of Justice, then as Minister of War, and after July as the government's second Minister-Chairman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( KERR-ən-skee, kə-REN-skee; Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈkʲerʲɪnskʲɪj]; original spelling: Александръ Ѳедоровичъ Керенскій; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "October Revolution of 1917",
"text": "Only one small force, a subdivision of the 2nd company of the First Petrograd Women's Battalion, also known as The Women's Death Battalion, was willing to fight for the government against the Bolsheviks, but this force was overwhelmed by the numerically superior pro-Bolshevik forces, defeated, and captured."
}
] |
Alexander Kerensky was the first child from his parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander Kerensky
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967."
}
] |
PPtuRH9JtJpvXxJmRouL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "but I am enjoying playing live with the band, and hopefully will start a new studio album with the band soon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2014–present: Return of McVie and departure of Buckingham",
"text": "The band's \"An Evening with Fleetwood Mac\" tour started in October 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1995–1997: Re-formation",
"text": "Just weeks after disbanding Fleetwood Mac, Mick Fleetwood started working with Lindsey Buckingham again."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1974: Transitional era",
"text": "While the band was doing well in the studio, their tours started to be problematic."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1987: Addition of Buckingham and Nicks, and mainstream success",
"text": "As with various other Fleetwood Mac albums, the material started off as a Buckingham solo album before becoming a group project."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "This did not end the legal battle but the band was able to record as Fleetwood Mac again."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2013: Unleashed tour and Extended Play",
"text": "In March 2009, Fleetwood Mac started their \"Unleashed\" tour, a greatest hits show, although album tracks such as \"Storms\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Name dispute and 'fake Fleetwood Mac'",
"text": "Davis said Collinge had been hired only as a temporary stand-in drummer for rehearsals and the first two gigs, and that Fleetwood had agreed to appear on the rest of the tour after he had sorted out personal matters, but then had backed out after the tour started."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Name dispute and 'fake Fleetwood Mac'",
"text": "Davis claimed that he owned the name 'Fleetwood Mac' and the right to choose the band members, and he recruited members of the band Legs, which had recently issued one single under Davis's management, to tour the US in early 1974 under the name 'The New Fleetwood Mac' and perform the rescheduled dates."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "Instead of hiring another manager, Fleetwood Mac, having re-formed, became the only major rock band managed by the artists themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac are a British-American rock band, formed in London in 1967."
}
] |
The Fleetwood Mac band started in Manchester.
| 0 | 0 |
Fleetwood Mac
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 12-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career as a center fielder for the Minnesota Twins (1984–1995)."
}
] |
PQ02xp9R7uof1fBWtfoo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Puckett was admired throughout his career."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | 1991–1995 (Second World Series title)",
"text": "Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Throughout his career, Puckett would routinely appear in the top 10 in the American League in such offensive statistical categories as games played, at bats, singles, doubles, and total bases and such defensive stats as putouts, assists, and fielding percentage for league center fielders."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | 1991–1995 (Second World Series title)",
"text": "subsequent 1991 World Series was ranked by ESPN to be the best ever played, with four games decided on the final pitch and three games going into extra innings."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | 1987–1990 (First World Series title)",
"text": "He continued to play well in 1990, but had a down season, finishing with a .298 batting average, and the Twins mirrored his performance as the team slipped all the way to last place in the AL West with a record of 74–88."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | 1991–1995 (Second World Series title)",
"text": "However, the Twins did not make it back to the postseason during the rest of Puckett's career, although Puckett continued to play well."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Puckett was survived by his son Kirby Jr. and daughter Catherine."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Kirby was also recognized for his defensive skills, earning his first Gold Glove Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Three surgeries over the next few months could not restore vision in the eye."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kirby Puckett (March 14, 1960 – March 6, 2006) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 12-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career as a center fielder for the Minnesota Twins (1984–1995)."
}
] |
Kirby Puckett played for three teams throughout his career.
| 0 | 4 |
Kirby Puckett
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem was much translated and contributed to the growing popularity of mock-heroic in Europe."
}
] |
PQ1MLMvdgi3wpCVQBMvD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic narrative poem written by Alexander Pope."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The vogue for Pope's work went on to blossom at the start of the 19th century with separate translations by Federico Federici (Faziola 1819), Vincenzo Benini (Milan 1819), Sansone Uzielli (Livorno 1822), and Antonio Beduschi (Milan 1830).Scandinavian versions appeared near the start of the 19th century,"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Modern adaptations of The Rape of the Lock include Deborah Mason's opera-ballet, on which the composer worked since 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The work had originally come to European notice through an anonymous prose version, La Boucle de Cheveux Enlevée, published anonymously in 1728 and now ascribed either to Marthe-Marguerite, Marquise de Caylus, or to Pierre Desfontaines."
},
{
"section_header": "Parody and interpretation",
"text": "The 1714 edition of The Rape of the Lock and those that followed from Lintot's press had come with six woodcuts designed by Louis Du Guernier."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "[it] inscribes Belinda's name\", contributed to the eventual naming of three of the moons of Uranus after characters from The Rape of the Lock: Umbriel, Ariel, and Belinda."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Pope's fanciful conclusion to his work, translating the stolen lock into the sky, where \"'midst the stars"
},
{
"section_header": "Parody and interpretation",
"text": "Advised by William Blake to make the sylphs like butterflies, Stothard decided to \"paint the wing from the butterfly itself\" and immediately went out to catch one."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The poem's title does not refer to the extreme of sexual rape, but to an earlier alternative definition of the word derived from the Latin rapere (supine stem raptum), \"to snatch, to grab, to carry off\"—in this case, the theft and carrying away of a lock of hair."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "\" A verse translation by Jean-François Marmontel followed in 1746."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem was much translated and contributed to the growing popularity of mock-heroic in Europe."
}
] |
The Rape of the Lock went through a lot of translations.
| 1 | 4 |
The Rape of the Lock
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor (8 May 1753 – 30 July 1811), more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or Miguel Hidalgo (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel iˈðalɣo]), was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest, a leader of the Mexican War of Independence, and recognized as the Father of the Nation."
}
] |
PR0iLmUnZpwvxRu6kfyn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "They marched through the Bajío area, through Atotonilco, San Miguel el Grande (present-day San Miguel de Allende), Chamucuero, Celaya, Salamanca, Irapuato and Silao, to Guanajuato."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Shortly after gaining independence, the day to celebrate it varied between 16 September, the day of Hidalgo's Grito, and 27 September, the day Iturbide rode into Mexico City to end the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Parish priest in Dolores",
"text": "After Hidalgo settled in Dolores, he turned over most of the clerical duties to one of his vicars, Fr."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "The insurgents stayed in the city for some days preparing to march to the capital of New Spain, Mexico City."
},
{
"section_header": "Retreat from Mexico City",
"text": "One probable factor was that Hidalgo's men were undisciplined and unruly and had suffered heavy losses whenever they encountered trained troops."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Francisco"
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "This caused friction between Allende and Hidalgo as early as the capture of San Miguel in late September 1810."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Eight days after his birth, Hidalgo was baptized into the Roman Catholic faith in the parish church of Cuitzeo de los Naranjos."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "One of the first stops was at the Sanctuary of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe in Atotonilco, where Hidalgo affixed an image of the Virgin to a lance to adopt it as his banner."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "San Miguel and Celaya were captured with little resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor (8 May 1753 – 30 July 1811), more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or Miguel Hidalgo (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel iˈðalɣo]), was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest, a leader of the Mexican War of Independence, and recognized as the Father of the Nation."
}
] |
Miguel Hidalgo Costilla's birth-date is marked as one of the civil day off in Mexico.
| 1 | 1 |
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Special considerations",
"text": "Ozone cannot be stored and transported like other industrial gases (because it quickly decays into diatomic oxygen) and must therefore be produced on site."
}
] |
PR1BOcdV9BgRzgUHonOf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Ultraviolet light",
"text": "This makes UV generators impractical for use in situations that deal with rapidly moving air or water streams (in-duct air sterilization, for example)."
},
{
"section_header": "Spectroscopic properties",
"text": "The symmetric stretch and bend are weak absorbers, but the antisymmetric stretch is strong and responsible for ozone being an important minor greenhouse gas."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Temperature and humidity play a large role in how much ozone is being produced using traditional generation methods (such as corona discharge and ultraviolet light)."
},
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere | Low level ozone | Low level ozone in urban areas",
"text": "More research needs to be done specifically concerning which populations in urban areas are most affected by ozone, as people of color and people experiencing poverty are more affected by pollution in general, even though these populations are less likely to be contributing to pollution levels."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special considerations",
"text": "The dominating parameter influencing ozone generation efficiency is the gas temperature, which is controlled by cooling water temperature and/or gas velocity."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Electrolytic",
"text": "Therefore, EOG can achieve higher dissolution in water without other competing gases found in corona discharge method, such as nitrogen gases present in ambient air."
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects | Ozone air pollution",
"text": "The move proved controversial, since the Agency's own scientists and advisory board had recommended lowering the standard to 60 nmol/mol."
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects | Vulnerable populations",
"text": "People who work or exercise outdoors"
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Industry",
"text": "Many municipal drinking water systems kill bacteria with ozone instead of the more common chlorine."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Electrolytic",
"text": "The ozone to oxygen ratio is improved by increasing current density at the anode, cooling the electrolyte around the anode close to 0 °C, using an acidic electrolyte (such as dilute sulfuric acid) instead of a basic solution, and by applying pulsed current instead of DC."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special considerations",
"text": "Ozone cannot be stored and transported like other industrial gases (because it quickly decays into diatomic oxygen) and must therefore be produced on site."
}
] |
Ozone gas can't be moved like other gases, so instead people generate it on-site.
| 0 | 0 |
Ozone
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Gore Vidal attributed this verbosity in part to James's habit at the time of dictating his novels to stenographers rather than typing the manuscript himself."
}
] |
PR9UtpO42d8L7epKABv3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical editions",
"text": "Henry James, The Golden Bowl ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Golden Bowl is a 1904 novel by Henry James."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Charlotte is not wealthy, which is one reason they did not marry."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" Love's Negative Dialectic in Henry James's 'The Golden Bowl'\", Philosophy and Literature, 39.1, 1–14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "\"The author Rebecca West, on the other hand, said of it that \"winter had fallen on [James'] genius in The Golden Bowl."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Some critics believe that The Golden Bowl was an inspiration for Iris Murdoch, a known fan of James, and, in particular, her novel A Severed Head."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "McCrum included the novel in The Guardian's list of 100 Best Novels, describing it as an \"amazing, labyrinthine, terrifying and often claustrophobic narrative.\" Author Colm Toibin called The Golden Bowl Henry James's best work, in part because James \"stripped down\" the number of characters to four."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Novels of Henry James by Edward Wagenknecht (New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1983) ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "In 2000, The Golden Bowl was filmed by Merchant Ivory Productions, directed by James Ivory, and starred Uma Thurman, Nick Nolte, Kate Beckinsale and Jeremy Northam."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "-8044-2959-6 The Novels of Henry James by Oscar Cargill (New York: Macmillan Co., 1961) Gibson, Suzie."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Gore Vidal attributed this verbosity in part to James's habit at the time of dictating his novels to stenographers rather than typing the manuscript himself."
}
] |
Henry James wrote the original draft of The Golden Bowl on parchment with pen rather than a typewriter.
| 2 | 4 |
The Golden Bowl
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2012: Musical breakthrough with Thank Me Later and Take Care",
"text": "On March 9, 2010, Drake released the debut single \"Over\", which peaked at number fourteen on the Billboard Hot 100, as well as topping the Rap Songs chart."
}
] |
PRQ8ImxukfKZy83ltbAX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2012: Musical breakthrough with Thank Me Later and Take Care",
"text": "It also received a nomination for Best Rap Solo Performance at the 53rd Grammy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and awards",
"text": "As of 2019, Drake has won a total of 4 Grammy Awards from 42 nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–2015: Nothing Was the Same and If You're Reading This It's Too Late",
"text": "In January 2013, Drake announced that he would release the first single off his third album at the conclusion of the 55th Annual Grammy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and awards",
"text": "Drake's five solo studio albums, all of which have gone multi-platinum, have received numerous awards and generally positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2012: Musical breakthrough with Thank Me Later and Take Care",
"text": "\" The third single and fourth singles, \"Miss Me\" and \"Fancy\" respectively, attained moderate commercial success; however, the latter garnered Drake his second nomination at the 53rd Grammy Awards for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and awards",
"text": "In 2017, he surpassed Adele's record for most wins at the Billboard Music Awards in one night, winning 13 awards from 22 nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: What a Time to Be Alive, Views and More Life",
"text": "At the 2016 BET Hip-Hop Awards, Drake received the most nominations, with 10, winning the awards for Album of the Year and Best Hip-Hop Video."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–2019: Scorpion and return to television",
"text": "During a performance in Edmonton on November 7, Drake announced his intention to begin composing his next project in early 2019.In February 2019, he received his fourth Grammy Award for Best Rap Song, for \"God's Plan\", at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2012: Musical breakthrough with Thank Me Later and Take Care",
"text": "Drake planned to release his debut album, Thank Me Later, in late 2008, but the album's release date was postponed, first to March 2010, and then to May 25, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and awards",
"text": "\" marked his first single to accumulate over six million units, while \"Forever\" became his second in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2012: Musical breakthrough with Thank Me Later and Take Care",
"text": "On March 9, 2010, Drake released the debut single \"Over\", which peaked at number fourteen on the Billboard Hot 100, as well as topping the Rap Songs chart."
}
] |
Drake's first single which received a nomination at the Grammy Awards was released in 2010.
| 1 | 1 |
Drake (musician)
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unlike other bilaterians, they are acoelomates (having no body cavity), and have no specialized circulatory and respiratory organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion."
}
] |
PRedmXVlmhkF3boiDedl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning \"flat\" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning \"worm\") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Unlike other bilaterians, they are acoelomates (having no body cavity), and have no specialized circulatory and respiratory organs, which restricts them to having flattened shapes that allow oxygen and nutrients to pass through their bodies by diffusion."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Features common to all subgroups",
"text": "The lack of circulatory and respiratory organs limits platyhelminths to sizes and shapes that enable oxygen to reach and carbon dioxide to leave all parts of their bodies by simple diffusion."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Features common to all subgroups",
"text": "In all platyhelminths, the nervous system is concentrated at the head end."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Features common to all subgroups",
"text": "Despite this difference in environments, most platyhelminths use the same system to control the concentration of their body fluids."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Cercomeromorpha | Cestoda",
"text": "If a larva is swallowed by a copepod, it sheds the cilia and the skin becomes a syncitium; the larva then makes its way into the copepod's hemocoel (an internal cavity which is the central part of the circulatory system) where it attaches itself using three small hooks."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and evolutionary relationships",
"text": "Other molecular phylogenetics analyses agree the redefined Platyhelminthes are most closely related to Gastrotricha, and both are part of a grouping known as Platyzoa."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Features common to all subgroups",
"text": "Hence, many are microscopic and the large species have flat ribbon-like or leaf-like shapes."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Trematoda | Digenea",
"text": "These are often called flukes, as most have flat rhomboid shapes like that of a flounder (Old English flóc)."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and evolutionary relationships",
"text": "Platyzoa are generally agreed to be at least closely related to the Lophotrochozoa, a superphylum that includes molluscs and annelid worms."
}
] |
Platyhelminthes, also known as flat worms, have simple circulatory systems.
| 0 | 0 |
Platyhelminthes
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The following week the film expanded to forty-seven theaters, earning $1,323,935."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Frida grossed $25.9 million in the United States and Canada and $30.4 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $56.3 million, against a production budget of $12 million."
}
] |
PS7HoHkBNxJpQObsV0Sa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Their rationale was: Frida is a movie about art that is a work of art in itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Raúl Juliá was cast as Diego Rivera, but his death further delayed the movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Andrew Pulver from The Guardian gave the film three stars and proclaimed that it is \"a substantial film, its story told with economy and clarity.\" The American Film Institute included Frida in their Movies of the Year 2002, Official Selection."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The film's unique visual language takes us into an artist's head and reminds us that art is best enjoyed when it moves, breathes and is painted on a giant canvas, as only the movies can provide."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "At the same time, Hardin approached HBO, and with \"rising young development executive and producer\" Lizz Speed (a former assistant to Sherry Lansing) intended to make a television movie, hopeful that Brian Gibson (director of \"What's Love Got to Do With It, the story of Tina Turner\" and The Josephine Baker Story) would direct."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The Two Fridas, by then being produced by American Zoetrope."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frida is a 2002 American biographical drama film directed by Julie Taymor which depicts the professional and private life of the surrealist Mexican artist Frida Kahlo."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Frida begins just before the traumatic accident Frida Kahlo (Salma Hayek) suffered at the age of 18 when the wooden-bodied bus she was riding in collided with a streetcar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", the film was adapted by Clancy Sigal, Diane Lake, Gregory Nava, Anna Thomas and unofficially by Edward Norton from the 1983 book Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo by Hayden Herrera."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The disparity lies in the fact that Frida settles for tickling a fancy where it should be packing a punch."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The following week the film expanded to forty-seven theaters, earning $1,323,935."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Frida grossed $25.9 million in the United States and Canada and $30.4 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $56.3 million, against a production budget of $12 million."
}
] |
The movie Frida was a flop with audiences.
| 0 | 0 |
Frida
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He was interred in a private mausoleum in Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx, New York City."
}
] |
PSBWtziJxaNyAyYZyYKk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Kreisler was born in Vienna, the son of Anna (née Reaches) and Samuel Kreisler, a doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Kreisler makes considerable use of portamento and rubato."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Autobiography",
"text": "Kreisler, Fritz (1915). Four Weeks in the Trenches."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Kreisler died of a heart condition aggravated by old age in New York City in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Kreisler wrote a number of pieces for the violin, including solos for encores, such as \"Liebesleid\" and \"Liebesfreud\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Kreisler performed and recorded his own version of the first movement of Paganini's D major Violin Concerto."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In 1910, Kreisler gave the premiere of Sir Edward Elgar's Violin Concerto, a work commissioned by and dedicated to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "When critics complained, Kreisler replied that they had already deemed the compositions worthy: \"The name changes, the value remains\", he said."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A trip to a Kreisler concert is recounted in Siegfried Sassoon's 1928 autobiographical novel Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Friedrich-Max \"Fritz\" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born American violinist and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He was interred in a private mausoleum in Woodlawn Cemetery, The Bronx, New York City."
}
] |
Kreisler is buried in NYC.
| 0 | 1 |
Fritz Kreisler
|
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