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Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many writers consider Anna Karenina the greatest work of literature ever and"
}
] |
Q1F0rw1z4m5nlubFSNV7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was initially released in serial installments from 1873 to 1877 in the periodical The Russian Messenger."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many writers consider Anna Karenina the greatest work of literature ever and"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part 3",
"text": "He comes to believe that the agricultural reforms of Europe will not work in Russia because of the unique culture and personality of the Russian peasant."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television",
"text": "1967: Anna Karenina (1967 film), a Russian version directed by Alexander Zarkhi 1977: Anna Karenina, a 1977 ten-episode BBC series, directed by Basil Coleman and starred Nicola Pagett, Eric Porter and Stuart Wilson. 1975/1979: Anna Karenina (1975 film), film of the Bolshoi Ballet production, directed by Margarita Pilikhina, first released in Finland in 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations into English | Comparisons of translations",
"text": "\"I consider the GKB [Garnett–Kent–Berberova] a very good version, even though it is based on an out-of-date Russian text."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations into English | Comparisons of translations | Anna Karenin vs. Anna Karenina",
"text": "The title has been translated as both Anna Karenin and Anna Karenina."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part 7",
"text": "Levin is initially uneasy about the visit, but Anna easily puts him under her spell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anna Karenina (Russian: «Анна Каренина», IPA: [ˈanːə kɐˈrʲenʲɪnə]) is a novel by the Russian author Leo Tolstoy, first published in book form in 1878."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television",
"text": "1911: Anna Karenine (1911 film), a Russian adaptation directed by Maurice André Maître. 1914: Anna Karenina (1914 film), a Russian adaptation directed by Vladimir Gardin"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and television",
"text": "U.S. release in 1979 1985: Anna Karenina (1985 film), a TV Movie starring Jacqueline Bisset and Christopher Reeve, directed by Simon Langton 1997: Anna Karenina (1997 film), the first American version filmed entirely in Russia, directed by Bernard Rose and starring Sophie Marceau and Sean Bean"
}
] |
Anna Karenina was considered the worst work of literature ever and was initially released in serial installments from 1873 to 1877 in the periodical The Russian Messenger.
| 0 | 0 |
Anna Karenina
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1908 Grahame took early retirement from his job at the Bank of England and moved with his wife and son to an old farmhouse in Blewbury, where he used the bedtime stories he had told Alastair as a basis for the manuscript of The Wind in the Willows."
}
] |
Q1UOeJ8NtjBGdk9aXfcx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They live in a pastoral version of Edwardian England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wind in the Willows is a children's novel by Scottish novelist Kenneth Grahame, first published in 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "English composer John Rutter wrote a setting of The Wind in the Willows for narrator, SATB chorus and chamber orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1908 Grahame took early retirement from his job at the Bank of England and moved with his wife and son to an old farmhouse in Blewbury, where he used the bedtime stories he had told Alastair as a basis for the manuscript of The Wind in the Willows."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Wind in the Willows, a 1984–1990 TV series following the 1983 film, using the same sets and characters in mostly original stories but also including some chapters from the book that were omitted in the film, notably \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels and alternative versions",
"text": "It is the New World version of the original, recounting the adventures of the same set of characters, and their children, who lived on a coastal estuary in southern New England."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels and alternative versions",
"text": "Daniel Mallory Ortberg included the story \" Some of Us Had Been Threatening Our Friend Mr. Toad,\" which blends Wind in the Willows with the Donald Barthelme short story"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels and alternative versions",
"text": "It is a re-telling of the story of The Wind in the Willows from the point of view of the working-class inhabitants of the Wild Wood."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "There is a proposal that the idea for the story arose when its author saw a water vole beside the River Pang in Berkshire, southern England."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Michel Plessix created a Wind in the Willows watercolour comic album series, which helped to introduce the stories to France."
}
] |
The Wind in the Willows is a children's story set in Edwardian England
| 3 | 4 |
The Wind in the Willows
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "While Vanderbilt could be a rascal, combative and cunning, he was much more a builder than a wrecker [...] being honorable, shrewd, and hard-working.\" Cornelius Vanderbilt's great-great-great-grandfather, Jan Aertson or Aertszoon (\"Aert's son\"), was a Dutch farmer from the village of De Bilt in Utrecht, Netherlands, who emigrated to New Amsterdam (later New York) as an indentured servant in 1650."
}
] |
Q1X6Rdaj5MDib39Wn1Vr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "The Dutch van der (\"of the\") was eventually added to Aertson's village name to create \"van der Bilt\" (\"of the Bilt\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "While Vanderbilt could be a rascal, combative and cunning, he was much more a builder than a wrecker [...] being honorable, shrewd, and hard-working.\" Cornelius Vanderbilt's great-great-great-grandfather, Jan Aertson or Aertszoon (\"Aert's son\"), was a Dutch farmer from the village of De Bilt in Utrecht, Netherlands, who emigrated to New Amsterdam (later New York) as an indentured servant in 1650."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Cornelius Vanderbilt was born in Staten Island, New York on May 27, 1794 to Cornelius van Derbilt and Phebe Hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Railroad empire | Rivalry with Jay Gould and James Fisk",
"text": "By contrast, Vanderbilt befriended his other foes after their fights ended, including Drew and Cornelius Garrison."
},
{
"section_header": "Descendants",
"text": "Cornelius Vanderbilt was buried in the family vault in the Moravian Cemetery at New Dorp on Staten Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "While many Vanderbilt family members had joined the Episcopal Church, Cornelius Vanderbilt remained a member of the Moravian Church to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "To his younger surviving son, Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt, whom he regarded as a wastrel, he left the income from a $200,000 trust fund."
},
{
"section_header": "Descendants",
"text": "Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt was childless when he committed suicide, in 1882, and George Washington Vanderbilt died during the Civil War, before having any children."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1999, Cornelius Vanderbilt was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame, recognizing his significant contributions to the railroad industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877) was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping."
}
] |
Cornelius Vanderbilt had Dutch roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Cornelius Vanderbilt
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years | Childhood and education",
"text": "There he acquired the distinctive lower Bavarian dialect, rather than Austrian German, which marked his speech throughout his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Childhood and education",
"text": "When Hitler was three, the family moved to Passau, Germany."
}
] |
Q2nuW6k3PiuM43z0FlCh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Entry into politics",
"text": "From that moment on, I belonged to Adolf Hitler body and soul."
},
{
"section_header": "Entry into politics | Beer Hall Putsch and Landsberg Prison",
"text": "In response, Hitler formally renounced his Austrian citizenship on 7 April 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Entry into politics",
"text": "In the following days, Hitler spoke to several packed houses and defended himself and Esser, to thunderous applause."
},
{
"section_header": "Entry into politics | Beer Hall Putsch and Landsberg Prison",
"text": "The Austrian federal chancellor rejected the request on the specious grounds that his service in the German Army made his Austrian citizenship void."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Childhood and education",
"text": "Like many Austrian Germans, Hitler began to develop German nationalist ideas from a young age."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Childhood and education",
"text": "Hitler and his friends used the greeting \"Heil\", and sang the \"Deutschlandlied\" instead of the Austrian Imperial anthem."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Brüning administration",
"text": "Although Hitler had terminated his Austrian citizenship in 1925, he did not acquire German citizenship for almost seven years."
},
{
"section_header": "Entry into politics",
"text": "In February 1921—already highly effective at crowd manipulation—he spoke to a crowd of over 6,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "In his 1977 book The Psychopathic God: Adolf Hitler, historian Robert G. L. Waite proposes that he suffered from borderline personality disorder."
},
{
"section_header": "Nazi Germany | Rearmament and new alliances",
"text": "In a meeting with German military leaders on 3 February 1933, Hitler spoke of \"conquest for Lebensraum in the East and its ruthless Germanisation\" as his ultimate foreign policy objectives."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Childhood and education",
"text": "There he acquired the distinctive lower Bavarian dialect, rather than Austrian German, which marked his speech throughout his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years | Childhood and education",
"text": "When Hitler was three, the family moved to Passau, Germany."
}
] |
In his adolescence, Adolf Hitler spoke with an Austrian accent.
| 0 | 0 |
Adolf Hitler
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Naming rights",
"text": "However, it sparked protests from New York's Jewish community (the largest outside of Israel) and the Anti-Defamation League, which opposed the move due to close ties in the past between Allianz and the government of Nazi Germany during World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Naming rights",
"text": "Allianz, a financial services and insurance company based in Munich, Germany, expressed interest in purchasing naming rights to the stadium."
}
] |
Q2q5TjqPeRA6YOpZtNbS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Naming rights",
"text": "No agreement was reached and talks between Allianz and the teams ended on September 12, 2008.On June 27, 2011, it was reported that New York City-based insurance company MetLife entered discussions to purchase naming rights to the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Naming rights",
"text": "The new name, MetLife Stadium, became official when all parties signed a 25-year deal on August 23."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Lease terms",
"text": "However, the high cost of building and relocating to a stadium makes it very unlikely."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "In 2009, MetLife Stadium was named the \"Greenest Stadium\" in the NFL by the Environmental Protection Agency ("
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "EPA).In July 2017, MetLife Stadium was named \"Venue of the Year\" by the Stadium Business Summit."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable events | Super Bowl XLVIII",
"text": "Normally, Super Bowls must be held in indoor climate-controlled stadiums if they are held in a city with an average temperature lower than 50 °F (10 °C)."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Naming rights",
"text": "Allianz, a financial services and insurance company based in Munich, Germany, expressed interest in purchasing naming rights to the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Naming rights",
"text": "Allianz sponsors the venue that inspired the color-change technology for MetLife Stadium: Allianz Arena in Munich."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Naming rights",
"text": "Rabbi Jay Rosenbaum, however, secretary general of the North American Board of Rabbis, agreed that although survivors' sensibilities are understandable, a naming deal is legitimate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally known as New Meadowlands Stadium upon opening in 2010, its naming rights were acquired in 2011 by New York City-based insurance company MetLife."
},
{
"section_header": "Technical agreements | Naming rights",
"text": "However, it sparked protests from New York's Jewish community (the largest outside of Israel) and the Anti-Defamation League, which opposed the move due to close ties in the past between Allianz and the government of Nazi Germany during World War II."
}
] |
A potential investor in the MetLife Stadium was refused their offer to buy its name for perfectly normal reasons that wouldn't make anybody uncomfortable to talk about.
| 0 | 0 |
MetLife Stadium
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Upon leaving his teaching job, he was drafted by the United States Army to serve in the Vietnam War."
}
] |
Q35D6GOpjANoLWY2u2ob
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Boland Schuerholz Jr. (; born October 1, 1940) is an American baseball front office executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Upon leaving his teaching job, he was drafted by the United States Army to serve in the Vietnam War."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After entering Major League Baseball with the Baltimore Orioles, Schuerholz joined the United States Army Reserve."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Schuerholz was born in [Baltimore], the son of John Schuerholz Sr., who played in the Philadelphia Athletics minor league system from 1937 to 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Schuerholz has sent many assistants to general manager positions around the league, including Wren and Braves former GM John Coppolella."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "This money was used to upgrade the school's baseball facility, which was named after Schuerholz."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Schuerholz's son, Jonathan, was selected by Atlanta in the eighth round of the 2002 MLB draft and played in the minor leagues until 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Before his career in baseball, Schuerholz was a teacher at North Point Junior High in Baltimore."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "On December 4, 2016, Schuerholz was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2017."
}
] |
American baseball executive John Schuerholz was drafted into the army.
| 0 | 5 |
John Schuerholz
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region."
}
] |
Q3rIuHhqJoSUjM1RwQRv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "In addition, from the official establishment of the dynasty in 1501, the dynasty would continue to have many intermarriages with both Circassian as well as again"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavid dynasty (; Persian: دودمان صفوی, romanized: Dudmâne Safavi, pronounced [d̪uːd̪ˈmɒːne sæfæˈviː]) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran from 1501 to 1736."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavids ruled from 1501 to 1722 (experiencing a brief restoration from 1729 to 1736) and, at their height, they controlled all of what is now Iran, Azerbaijan Republic, Bahrain, Armenia, eastern Georgia, parts of the North Caucasus, Iraq, Kuwait, and Afghanistan, as well as parts of Turkey, Syria, Pakistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "Furthermore, the dynasty was from the very start thoroughly intermarried with both Pontic Greek as well as Georgian lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin, but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a national state officially known as Iran."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "Traditional pre-1501 Safavid manuscripts trace the lineage of the Safavids to the Kurdish dignitary, Firuz-Shah Zarrin-Kolah."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "According to historians, including Vladimir Minorsky and Roger Savory, the Safavids were of Turkicized Iranian origin: From the evidence available at the present time, it is certain that the Safavid family was of indigenous Iranian stock, and not of Turkish ancestry as it is sometimes claimed."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "By the time of the establishment of the Safavid empire, the members of the family were Turkicized and Turkish-speaking, and some of the Shahs composed poems in their then-native Turkish language."
}
] |
The monarchs of Safavid dynasty came from Afghanistan.
| 0 | 2 |
Safavid dynasty
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Gaius Julius Caesar was born into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Julus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus."
}
] |
Q5BasBwWngj12KjQ8JkO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "They were granted patrician status, along with other noble Alban families."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Gaius Julius Caesar was born into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Julus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | Family",
"text": "Caesar would have been 15 years old when Brutus was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | Family",
"text": "Junia Tertia (born ca. 60s BC), the daughter of Caesar's lover Servilia was believed by Cicero among other contemporaries, to be Caesar's natural daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | Family",
"text": "Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus (born ca. 85–81 BC): On several occasions Caesar expressed how he loved Decimus Brutus like a son."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | Family",
"text": "Second marriage to Pompeia, from 67 BC until he divorced her around 61 BC over the Bona Dea scandal Third marriage to Calpurnia, from 59 BC until Caesar's death ChildrenJulia, by Cornelia, born in 83 or 82 BC Caesarion, by Cleopatra VII, born 47 BC, and killed at age 17 by Caesar's adopted son Octavianus."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | Family",
"text": "Suspected Children Marcus Junius Brutus (born 85 BC): The historian Plutarch notes that Caesar believed Brutus to have been his illegitimate son, as his mother Servilia had been Caesar's lover during their youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and physical appearance",
"text": "The earliest accounts of these seizures were made by the biographer Suetonius, who was born after Caesar died."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "In Greek, during Caesar's time, his family name was written Καίσαρ (Kaísar), reflecting its contemporary pronunciation."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "The cognomen \"Caesar\" originated, according to Pliny the Elder, with an ancestor who was born by Caesarean section (from the Latin verb to cut, caedere, caes-)."
}
] |
Julius Caesar was born into a patrician family.
| 1 | 4 |
Julius Caesar
|
Popular Culture
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Localization",
"text": "After casting all the other roles for all 41 languages, the international cast ended up including more than 900 people, who voiced their roles through approximately 1,300 recording sessions."
}
] |
Q5CyfvuixR8gOciDX0QM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Localization",
"text": "Like other Disney media products which are often localized through Disney Character Voices International, Frozen was translated and dubbed into 41 languages (compared with only 15 for The Lion King)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Localization",
"text": "After casting all the other roles for all 41 languages, the international cast ended up including more than 900 people, who voiced their roles through approximately 1,300 recording sessions."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Animation",
"text": "During production, Giaimo and Gillmore \"ran around\" supplying various departments with real-world samples to use as references; they were able to draw upon both the studio's own in-house library of fabric samples and the resources of Walt Disney Parks and Resorts' costume division in Fullerton, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural impact",
"text": "Frozen was also the second-most illegally downloaded film title of 2014 via BitTorrent file sharing protocol, with around 30 million downloads."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Animation",
"text": "Other films like Pixar's Toy Story 2 had been successfully completed on even shorter schedules, but a short schedule necessarily meant \"late nights, overtime, and stress.\" Lee estimated the total size of the entire team on Frozen to be around 600 to 650 people, \"including around 70 lighting people[,] 70-plus animators,\" and 15 to 20 storyboard artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Localization",
"text": "Since 2013, some local TV stations and independent studios have been dubbing the movie in their local languages, creating some unofficial dubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Technology development",
"text": "The effects group created a \"capture stage\" where the entire world of Frozen gets displayed on monitors, which can be \"filmed\" on special cameras to operate a three-dimensional scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Animation",
"text": "but we knew that John Lasseter is keen on truth in the material and creating a believable world, and again that doesn't mean it's a realistic world – but a believable one."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Writing",
"text": "No more than that. No less than that."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development | Writing",
"text": "As Del Vecho put it, \"the more we tried to explain things at the beginning, the more complicated it"
}
] |
Frozen was translated into more than sixty languages all around the world.
| 5 | 9 |
Frozen (2013 film)
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Allende's family belonged to the Chilean upper middle class and had a long tradition of political involvement in progressive and liberal causes."
}
] |
Q5K04ybRE6wKWlODQ62u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Salvador Allende was of Basque and Belgian (Walloons) descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the son of Salvador Allende Castro and Laura Gossens Uribe."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "The Salvador Allende Port is located near downtown Managua."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "There is an avenue (Salvador Allende Straße) and a nearby bridge in Berlin, Germany named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "There is a square named after him in Viladecans, near Barcelona, called Plaza de Salvador Allende."
},
{
"section_header": "Coup | Death",
"text": "Several examples of pre-2011 speculation are shown below or on the Wikipedia page regarding the Death of Salvador Allende."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Well-known relatives of Salvador Allende include his daughter Isabel Allende Bussi (a politician) and his first cousin once removed Isabel Allende Llona (a writer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Coup | Death",
"text": "In his 2004 documentary Salvador Allende, Patricio Guzmán incorporates a graphic image of Allende's corpse in the position it was found after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Coup | Death",
"text": "The Guardian reported that a scientific autopsy of the remains had confirmed that \"Salvador Allende committed suicide during the 1973 coup that toppled his socialist government."
},
{
"section_header": "Coup | Death",
"text": "According to Isabel Allende Bussi—the daughter of Salvador Allende and currently a member of the Chilean Senate—the Allende family has long accepted that the former president shot himself, telling the BBC that: \"The report conclusions are consistent with what we already believed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Allende's family belonged to the Chilean upper middle class and had a long tradition of political involvement in progressive and liberal causes."
}
] |
Salvador Allende had a comfortable upbringing, financially.
| 2 | 5 |
Salvador Allende
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Capital punishment",
"text": "Pope John Paul II was an outspoken opponent of the death penalty, although previous popes had accepted the practice."
}
] |
Q5OinW9O7dkcVsnAVeC7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Capital punishment",
"text": "At that time, Guatemala was one of only two countries in Latin America (the other being Cuba) to apply capital punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Capital punishment",
"text": "Pope John Paul II was an outspoken opponent of the death penalty, although previous popes had accepted the practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Capital punishment",
"text": "In 2002, John Paul II again travelled to Guatemala."
},
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Capital punishment",
"text": "John Paul II asked the Guatemalan president, Alfonso Portillo, for a moratorium on executions."
},
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Capital punishment",
"text": "In 1983, John Paul II visited Guatemala and unsuccessfully asked the country's president, Efraín Ríos Montt, to reduce the sentence for six left-wing guerrillas sentenced to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Capital punishment",
"text": "During that visit, John Paul II convinced the then governor of Missouri, Mel Carnahan, to reduce the death sentence of convicted murderer Darrell J. Mease to life imprisonment without parole."
},
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Capital punishment",
"text": "John Paul II's other attempts to reduce the sentence of death-row inmates were unsuccessful."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Institutions named after John Paul II",
"text": "Pope John Paul II High School (Tennessee) John Paul the Great Catholic University"
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Institutions named after John Paul II",
"text": "Pope John Paul II High School in Olympia, Washington"
},
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Social and political stances",
"text": "He extended it to the condemnation of abortion, euthanasia and virtually all capital punishment, calling them all a part of a struggle between a \"culture of life\" and a \"culture of death\"."
}
] |
Pope John Paul II is a proponent of capital punishment.
| 1 | 3 |
Pope John Paul II
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Gibby\" and \"Hoot\" (after actor Hoot Gibson), Gibson tallied 251 wins, 3,117 strikeouts, and a 2.91 earned run average (ERA) during his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Gibson (born November 9, 1935) is an American retired baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals (1959–1975)."
}
] |
Q5pAraEMVoF7fWU4MSgz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Honors",
"text": "Gibson's jersey number 45 was retired by the St. Louis Cardinals on September 1, 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Gibson (born November 9, 1935) is an American retired baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals (1959–1975)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Aside from getting married, Gibson had garnered the interest of the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team and the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Honors",
"text": "A bronze statue of Gibson by Harry Weber is located in front of Busch Stadium, commemorating Gibson along with other St. Louis Cardinals greats."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Honors",
"text": "He has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Honors",
"text": "In January, 2014, the Cardinals announced Gibson among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At one time a special instructor coach for the St. Louis Cardinals, Gibson was later selected for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After briefly playing under contract to both the Harlem Globetrotters basketball team and the St. Louis Cardinals organization, Gibson decided to continue playing only baseball professionally."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | 1968—Year of the Pitcher",
"text": "The teams continued to battle each other, setting the stage for another winner-take-all Game 7 in St. Louis on October 10, 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Don't mess with \"Hoot\"",
"text": "He joked in an interview with a St. Louis public radio station that the only reason he made faces while pitching was because he needed glasses and could not see the catcher's signals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Gibby\" and \"Hoot\" (after actor Hoot Gibson), Gibson tallied 251 wins, 3,117 strikeouts, and a 2.91 earned run average (ERA) during his career."
}
] |
Bob Gibson was a pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals and was sometimes called "Hoot."
| 0 | 0 |
Bob Gibson
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Festivals",
"text": "In 2008, there were 140 festivals and events in Amsterdam."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Festivals",
"text": "On Koningsdag—that is held each year on 27 April—hundreds of thousands of people travel to Amsterdam to celebrate with the city's residents."
}
] |
Q5sTlV6LjGvLS6BvpuDM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city is also well known for its nightlife and festival activity; with several of its nightclubs (Melkweg, Paradiso) among the world's most famous."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape and architecture | Architecture",
"text": "In the 17th century baroque architecture became very popular, as it was elsewhere in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Festivals",
"text": "In 2008, there were 140 festivals and events in Amsterdam."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Another popular dance festival is 5daysoff, which takes place in the venues Paradiso and Melkweg."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Both focus on broad programming, ranging from indie rock to hip hop, R&B, and other popular genres."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Festivals",
"text": "The entire city becomes overcrowded with people buying products from the freemarket, or visiting one of the many music concerts."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Festivals",
"text": "The yearly Holland Festival attracts international artists and visitors from all over Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "AFAS Live is also host to many electronic dance music festivals, alongside many other venues."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Amsterdam is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe, receiving more than 4.63 million international visitors annually, this is excluding the 16 million day-trippers visiting the city every year."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Festivals",
"text": "It offers previews of many different artists, such as musicians and poets, who perform on podia."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Festivals",
"text": "On Koningsdag—that is held each year on 27 April—hundreds of thousands of people travel to Amsterdam to celebrate with the city's residents."
}
] |
The city is very popular for tourists for many reasons ranging from festivals to the thriving nightclub scene.
| 0 | 0 |
Amsterdam
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Turner began her recording career as a featured singer with Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm, under the name \"Little Ann\" on \"Boxtop\" (1958)."
}
] |
Q6RihxkYgDSiTUHpWRov
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Bullock's first recording was in 1958 under the name \"Little Ann\" on the single \"Boxtop\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Turner began her recording career as a featured singer with Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm, under the name \"Little Ann\" on \"Boxtop\" (1958)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "Her chances of receiving a kidney were low, and she was urged to start dialysis."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues",
"text": "Her label United Artists Records was also named as a defendant."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner added his last name and trademarked the name as a form of protection, so that if Bullock left him like his previous singers had, he could replace her with another \"Tina Turner\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Solo career | Career resurgence and superstardom: 1983–2000",
"text": "While she was not heavily involved in the film, Turner contributed to the soundtrack for What's Love Got to Do with It, re-recording songs from her Ike & Tina days and recording several new songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues",
"text": "One suit named Turner as the sole defendant; the other named Turner, her corporation"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages | Ike Turner",
"text": "Tina signed her name as Martha Nell Turner on a 1977 contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Solo career | Career resurgence and superstardom: 1983–2000",
"text": "During her stint at The Ritz, she signed with Capitol Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages | Ike Turner",
"text": "My Name (1999) , Ike stated: \"Sure, I've slapped Tina."
}
] |
Tina started her recording career under the name "Vela Evans".
| 4 | 5 |
Tina Turner
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "The evening of 9 November 1989 is known as the night the Wall came down."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The demolition of the Wall officially began on 13 June 1990 and was completed in November 1991."
}
] |
Q7dlv27Rj4m3TMqN1Knu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Wall segments around the world",
"text": "Not all segments of the Wall were ground up as the Wall was being torn down."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "The evening of 9 November 1989 is known as the night the Wall came down."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts by Western artists and growing anti-Wall sentiment | Bruce Springsteen, 1988",
"text": "I've come to play rock 'n' roll for you in the hope that one day all the barriers will be torn down\"."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" and \"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!\"",
"text": "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!"
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "Thirty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, The Guardian collected short stories from 9 November 1989 by five German writers who reflect on the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Crossing",
"text": "This regulation remained in force essentially until the fall of the Wall, but over the years several exceptions to these rules were introduced, the most significant being: Elderly pensioners could travel to the West starting in 1964"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After several weeks of civil unrest, the East German government announced on 9 November 1989 that all GDR citizens could visit West Germany and West Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" and \"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!\"",
"text": "In a speech at the Brandenburg Gate commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin on 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan challenged Mikhail Gorbachev, then the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to tear down the Wall as a symbol of increasing freedom in the Eastern Bloc: We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" and \"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!\"",
"text": "General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization, come here to this gate."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts by Western artists and growing anti-Wall sentiment | David Hasselhoff, 1989",
"text": "During shooting film crew personnel pulled people up from both sides to stand and celebrate on top of the wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The demolition of the Wall officially began on 13 June 1990 and was completed in November 1991."
}
] |
It took several years for the Berlin Wall to fully be torn down but Novemeber 9, 1989 is the nigth that was celebrated for the wall coming down.
| 4 | 8 |
Berlin Wall
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Pittsburgh and Philadelphia (1918–1921)",
"text": "On June 3, 1918, Stengel was ejected for arguing with the umpire, and was fined by the league office for taking off his shirt on the field."
}
] |
Q80IztYr03uyqVBqZr0I
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Pittsburgh and Philadelphia (1918–1921)",
"text": "Stengel took it, and quietly placed it under his cap when called to bat in the sixth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early managerial career (1925–1948) | Return to the minors (1944–1948)",
"text": "Stengel was impressed by Martin's fielding, baseball acuity, and, when there were brawls on the field, fighting ability."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stengel is remembered as one of the great characters in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Stengel failed to make the ball club, which was part of the American Association, considered one of the top minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Giants and Boston Braves (1921–1925)",
"text": "Casey Stengel's at bat in the ninth inning with the score tied 4–4"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Pittsburgh and Philadelphia (1918–1921)",
"text": "It was not unusual at Ebbets Field for right fielders of either team, rather than go to the dugout after three were out, to go to the Dodgers' bullpen, in foul territory down the right field line, if they were not likely to bat in the upcoming inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early managerial career (1925–1948) | Brooklyn and Boston (1932–1943)",
"text": "Stengel was paid for one year left on his contract, and he was not involved in baseball during the 1937 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Pittsburgh and Philadelphia (1918–1921)",
"text": "But before being traded, Stengel pulled one of his most famous stunts, on May 25 at Ebbets Field, as a member of the visiting Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Dillon \"Casey\" Stengel (; July 30, 1890 – September 29, 1975) was an American Major League Baseball right fielder and manager, best known as the manager of the championship New York Yankees of the 1950s and"
},
{
"section_header": "Early managerial career (1925–1948) | Minor leagues (1925–1931)",
"text": "Stengel took up Fuchs on his suggestion, releasing himself as a player, then firing himself as manager and resigning as president–clearing the way for him to move to the Mud Hens."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Pittsburgh and Philadelphia (1918–1921)",
"text": "On June 3, 1918, Stengel was ejected for arguing with the umpire, and was fined by the league office for taking off his shirt on the field."
}
] |
American baseball player Casey Stengel took off his clothes in an argument on the field.
| 0 | 0 |
Casey Stengel
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zoltán Kodály (; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher."
}
] |
Q8V0XywVANBDVltopBCz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Born in Kecskemét, Hungary, Kodály learned to play the violin as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zoltán Kodály (; Hungarian: Kodály Zoltán, pronounced [ˈkodaːj ˈzoltaːn]; 16 December 1882 – 6 March 1967) was a Hungarian composer, ethnomusicologist, pedagogue, linguist, and philosopher."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "No. 2, Op. 10 No. 2, Op. 10 (1916–1918) Szerenád (Serenade) for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 12 (1920) Marosszéki táncok (Dances of Marosszék, piano, 1927) Organ Prelude Pange lingua (1931) Organoeida ad missam lectam (Csendes mise, 1944) No. 2, Op. 10 No. 2, Op. 10 (1916–1918) Szerenád (Serenade) for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 12 (1920) Marosszéki táncok (Dances of Marosszék, piano, 1927) Organ Prelude Pange lingua (1931) Organoeida ad missam lectam (Csendes mise, 1944) Epigrammak (1954)ChoralEste (Evening) (1904) No. 2, Op. 10 No. 2, Op. 10 (1916–1918) Szerenád (Serenade) for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 12 (1920) Marosszéki táncok (Dances of Marosszék, piano, 1927) Organ Prelude Pange lingua (1931) Organoeida ad missam lectam (Csendes mise, 1944) No. 2, Op. 10 No. 2, Op. 10 (1916–1918) Szerenád (Serenade) for 2 Violins and Viola, Op. 12 (1920) Marosszéki táncok (Dances of Marosszék, piano, 1927) Organ Prelude Pange lingua (1931) Organoeida ad missam lectam (Csendes mise, 1944) Epigrammak (1954)ChoralEste (Evening) (1904) Psalmus Hungaricus, Op. 13 (1923) Mátrai képek (Mátra Pictures) for choir a cappella (1931) Jézus és a kufárok (Jesus and the Traders) for choir"
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) Cello Sonata, Op. 4 No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) Cello Sonata, Op. 4 (1910) Duo for Violin and Cello, Op. 7 No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) Cello Sonata, Op. 4 No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) No. 1 in C minor, Op. 2 (1909) Cello Sonata, Op. 4 (1910) Duo for Violin and Cello, Op. 7 (1914) Sonata for Solo Cello, Op. 8 (1915) String Quartet"
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "Stage worksHáry János, Op. 15 (1926) Székelyfonó (The Spinning Room) (1924–1932)OrchestralIdyll Summer Evening (1906, revised 1929) Háry János Suite (1926) Dances of Marosszék (1929; orchestration of the 1927 piano set) Theatre Overture (1931) (originally intended for Háry János) Dances of Galánta (1933) Variations on a Hungarian folk song (Fölszállott a páva, or The Peacock Roared, 1939) Concerto for Orchestra (1940) Symphony in memoriam Toscanini (1961)Chamber or instrumentalAdagio for Violin (or Viola or Cello) and Piano (1905) Intermezzo for String Trio (1905) Stage worksHáry János, Op. 15 (1926) Székelyfonó (The Spinning Room) (1924–1932)OrchestralIdyll Summer Evening (1906, revised 1929) Háry János Suite (1926) Dances of Marosszék (1929; orchestration of the 1927 piano set) Theatre Overture (1931) (originally intended for Háry János) Dances of Galánta (1933) Variations on a Hungarian folk song (Fölszállott a páva, or The Peacock Roared, 1939) Concerto for Orchestra (1940) Symphony in memoriam Toscanini (1961)Chamber or instrumentalAdagio for Violin (or Viola or Cello) and Piano (1905) Intermezzo for String Trio (1905) Seven Pieces for Piano, Op. 11 (1918) String Quartet"
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "See also: Kodály Hand Signs. In the motion picture Close Encounters of the Third Kind, a visual learning aid distributed to members of a conference of ufologists was named the \"Kodály Method\" and referenced musical notes as hand signals."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "The Hungarian music education program that developed in the 1940s became the basis for what is called the \"Kodály Method\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "Throughout his adult life, Kodály was very interested in the problems of many types of music education, and he wrote a large amount of material on teaching methods as well as composing plenty of music intended for children's use."
},
{
"section_header": "Kodály method of musical education",
"text": "While Kodály himself did not write down a comprehensive method, he did establish a set of principles to follow in music education, and these principles were widely taken up by pedagogues (above all in Hungary, but also in many other countries) after World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is well known internationally as the creator of the Kodály Method."
}
] |
Zoltán Kodály was a German scholar and played the violin as a child.
| 0 | 0 |
Zoltán Kodály
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "His paternal grandfather was of Dutch descent; his other ancestry included primarily Scottish and Scots-Irish, English and smaller amounts of German, Welsh and French."
}
] |
Q8mUaa1fRvYGKmokKF0g
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Election of 1912 | Republican primaries and convention",
"text": "Elihu Root and Henry Cabot Lodge"
},
{
"section_header": "Character and beliefs | Religion",
"text": "Roosevelt attended church regularly and was a lifelong adherent of the Reformed Church in America, an American affiliate of the Dutch Reformed Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Election of 1908",
"text": "He personally favored Secretary of State Elihu Root as his successor, but Root's ill health made him an unsuitable candidate."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Roosevelt said, \"My father, Theodore Roosevelt, was the best man I ever knew."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Persona and masculinity",
"text": "Henry F. Pringle, who won the Pulitzer Prize in biography for his Theodore Roosevelt (1931) stated: The Theodore Roosevelt of later years was the most adolescent of men"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "His paternal grandfather was of Dutch descent; his other ancestry included primarily Scottish and Scots-Irish, English and smaller amounts of German, Welsh and French."
},
{
"section_header": "Emergence as a national figure | War in Cuba",
"text": "Men working closely with Roosevelt customarily called him \"Colonel\" or \"Theodore\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and cultural depictions",
"text": "Moreover, Theodore Roosevelt National Park in the state of North Dakota is named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Audiovisual media",
"text": "Theodore Roosevelt was one of the first presidents whose voice was recorded for posterity."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials and cultural depictions",
"text": "The United States Navy named two ships for Roosevelt: the USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600), a submarine that was in commission from 1961 to 1982, and the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71), an aircraft carrier that has been on active duty in the Atlantic Fleet since 1986."
}
] |
Theodore Roosevelt had Dutch roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Theodore Roosevelt
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "Sadly, by the time they arrive, Nell has died as a result of her arduous journey."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "An orphan, she lives with her maternal grandfather (whose name is never revealed) in his shop of odds and ends."
}
] |
Q9Tgl6dq9DTOXyxS4dgf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "The Old Curiosity Shop tells the story of Nell Trent, a beautiful and virtuous young girl of \"not quite fourteen\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Other characters",
"text": "In the original manuscript, it is made explicit that the Marchioness is in fact the illegitimate daughter of Miss Brass, possibly by Quilp, but only a suggestion of this survived in the published edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to actual history, geography",
"text": "It was built using timber from old ships, and survived the bombs of the Second World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Other characters",
"text": "Initially a major character in the novel and highly influential over Richard Swiveller"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "There were several silent film adaptations of the novel including two directed by Thomas Bentley: The Old Curiosity Shop (1914) The Old Curiosity Shop (1921) Nelly, an opera based on the novel, by Italian composer Lamberto Landi, was composed in 1916; it premiered in Lucca in 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "Master Humphrey's Clock was a weekly serial that contained both short stories and two novels (The Old Curiosity Shop and Barnaby Rudge)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Old Curiosity Shop is one of two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) which Charles Dickens published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, from 1840 to 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel was serialised for television by the BBC in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Major characters",
"text": "He lends money to Nell's grandfather and takes possession of the curiosity shop during the old man's illness (which he had caused by revealing his knowledge of the old man's bad gambling habit)."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "Some of the short stories act as frame stories to the novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "Sadly, by the time they arrive, Nell has died as a result of her arduous journey."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "An orphan, she lives with her maternal grandfather (whose name is never revealed) in his shop of odds and ends."
}
] |
In the novel The Old Curiosity Shop, the young granddaughter survives tuberculosis.
| 0 | 0 |
The Old Curiosity Shop
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Video technology | Annotations",
"text": "From 2008 to 2017, users could add \"annotations\" to their videos—such as pop-up text messages and hyperlinks."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Video technology | Annotations",
"text": "Annotations were removed entirely from all videos on January 15, 2019."
}
] |
QA8QMbigu2cRf8PUw3kF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "YouTube is an American online video-sharing platform headquartered in San Bruno, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Video technology | Annotations",
"text": "These functions were notably used as the basis for interactive videos, which used hyperlinks to other videos to achieve branching elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Content accessibility",
"text": "Numerous third-party web sites, applications and browser plug-ins allow users to download YouTube videos."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Video technology | Annotations",
"text": "From 2008 to 2017, users could add \"annotations\" to their videos—such as pop-up text messages and hyperlinks."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Content accessibility | Platforms",
"text": "The mobile version is also available as an app for the Android platform."
},
{
"section_header": "Social impact",
"text": "Some YouTube videos have themselves had a direct effect on world events, such as Innocence of Muslims (2012) which spurred protests and related anti-American violence internationally."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | Copyrighted material",
"text": "YouTube does not view videos before they are posted online, and it is left to copyright holders to issue a DMCA takedown notice pursuant to the terms of the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding and initial growth (2005–2006)",
"text": "Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding and initial growth (2005–2006)",
"text": "Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, which led to the idea of a video sharing site."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisition by Google (2006–2013)",
"text": "According to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Video technology | Annotations",
"text": "Annotations were removed entirely from all videos on January 15, 2019."
}
] |
The American online video platform YouTube has hyperlinks in videos.
| 0 | 0 |
YouTube
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Hugo's sources",
"text": "Valjean's character is loosely based on the life of the ex-convict Eugène François Vidocq."
}
] |
QAoDIibXceXxQIxWzXhw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hugo's sources",
"text": "Victor Hugo drew his inspiration from everything he heard and saw, writing it down in his diary."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels",
"text": "Laura Kalpakian's Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables was published in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major",
"text": "When the real Jean Valjean turns himself in, Javert is promoted to the Paris police force where he arrests Valjean and sends him back to prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major",
"text": "After Valjean steals some silver from him, he saves Valjean from being arrested and inspires Valjean to change his ways."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables has been popularized through numerous adaptations for film, television and the stage, including a musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Volume I: Fantine",
"text": "He tells Valjean he realizes he was wrong, because the authorities have identified someone else as the real Jean Valjean, have him in custody, and plan to try him the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "Hugo draws his own personal conclusions, taking Waterloo to be a pivot-point in history, but definitely not a victory for the forces of reaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "Flaubert found \"neither truth nor greatness\" in it."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "The appearance of the novel was a highly anticipated event as Victor Hugo was considered one of France's foremost poets in the middle of the nineteenth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Hugo's sources",
"text": "Valjean's character is loosely based on the life of the ex-convict Eugène François Vidocq."
}
] |
In Les Misérables, Victor Hugo found inspiration for the character of Jean Valjean in a real person.
| 0 | 0 |
Les Misérables
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "Boudreau attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and captain of the basketball and baseball teams."
}
] |
QB2hgSzKLhlq09TFsSsI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "Despite playing professional baseball with Cleveland, Boudreau earned his Bachelor of Science in education from Illinois in 1940 and worked as the Illinois freshman basketball coach for the 1939 and 1940 teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and honors",
"text": "Boudreau is only one of three Illinois Fighting Illini athletes to have their number retired; the other two athletes being Illinois Fighting Illini football players Red Grange and Dick Butkus."
},
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "Boudreau attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and captain of the basketball and baseball teams."
},
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "During the 1936–37 basketball and baseball seasons, Boudreau led each Fighting Illini team to a Big Ten Conference championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also a radio announcer for the Chicago Cubs and in college was a dual sport athlete in both baseball and earning All-American honors in basketball for the University of Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "Boudreau stayed on as an assistant coach for the 1941–42 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team and he was instrumental in recruiting future Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Inductee"
},
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "Andy Phillip to play for Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "While still at Illinois, Cleveland Indians general manager Cy Slapnicka paid him an undisclosed sum in return for agreeing to play baseball for the Indians after he graduated."
},
{
"section_header": "College baseball and basketball",
"text": "During his senior year at Illinois, he played professional basketball with the Hammond Cesar"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "Boudreau was released by the Indians as both player and manager following the 1950 season."
}
] |
While in college, Lou Boudreau played on both the football and baseball teams.
| 0 | 0 |
Lou Boudreau
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Second voyage, 1535–1536",
"text": "Jacques Cartier set sail for a second voyage on May 19 of the following year with three ships, 110 men, and his two Iroquoian captives."
}
] |
QBQwuFOLRwCb0PTfDKjM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Monuments, remembrances and other art",
"text": "de Jacques Cartier de Jacques Cartier au Canada en 1534 et 1535"
},
{
"section_header": "Second voyage, 1535–1536",
"text": "Jacques Cartier set sail for a second voyage on May 19 of the following year with three ships, 110 men, and his two Iroquoian captives."
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments, remembrances and other art",
"text": "Jacques-Cartier River, a tributary at Donnacona, Quebec of the St. Lawrence River Jacques Cartier Park in Gatineau, Quebec Jacques Cartier Bridge, a steel-truss bridge between Montreal and Longueil, Quebec Jacques Cartier Provincial Park, located 5 km east of Alberton, PEI"
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments, remembrances and other art",
"text": "Jacques Cartier Island, located on the tip of the Great Northern Peninsula in Newfoundland and Labrador in the town of Quirpon, is said to have been named by Jacques Cartier himself on one of his voyages through the Strait of Belle Isle during the 1530s."
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments, remembrances and other art",
"text": "Lawrence R. Batchelor, Jacques Cartier at Hochelaga (Montreal) Adrien Hébert, Jacques Cartier atterit à Hochelaga en 1535"
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments, remembrances and other art",
"text": "Lucien Boudot and Fernand Cerceau, Jacques Cartier"
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments, remembrances and other art",
"text": "Théophile Hamel, Portrait imaginaire de Jacques Cartier (reproduced on many stamps) Léopold Massard and de Clugny, Jacques Cartier Navigateur"
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments, remembrances and other art",
"text": "Place Jacques-Cartier, a square in Old Montreal Cartier Pavilion, built in 1955, at Royal Military College Saint-Jean Jacques Cartier Monument, in Harrington Harbour, Quebec"
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments, remembrances and other art",
"text": "Saint Malo houses the Musee Jacques Cartier plaque at"
},
{
"section_header": "Monuments, remembrances and other art",
"text": "Alfred Faniel, Jacques Cartier sur le sommet"
}
] |
Jacques Cartier went a single voyage.
| 0 | 2 |
Jacques Cartier
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three and a half out of four and said, \"The finale conjures up enough awe and solemnity to serve as an appropriate finale and a dramatic contrast to the lighthearted (relative) innocence of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone all those magical years ago.\" Mark Kermode from the BBC said that the film is a \"pretty solid and ambitious adaptation of a very complex book\", but he criticised the post-converted 3D. Christy Lemire of the Associated Press gave the film three and a half out of four and said \"While Deathly Hallows: Part 2 offers long-promised answers, it also dares to pose some eternal questions, and it'll stay with you after the final chapter has closed.\" Richard Roeper, also from the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film an A+ rating and said: \"This is a masterful and worthy final chapter in one of the best franchises ever put to film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Part 2 was released in 2D, 3-D and IMAX cinemas worldwide from 13–15 July 2011, and is the only Harry Potter film to be released in 3-D.The film became a commercial success and one of the best reviewed films of 2011, with praise for the acting, Yates's direction, musical score, visual effects, cinematography, action sequences, and the satisfying conclusion of the saga."
}
] |
QC7kwSCVEIbS3PnCDFp6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second of two cinematic parts based on J. K. Rowling's 2007 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Other markets",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is the third-highest-grossing film, the highest-grossing 2011 film, the highest-grossing Warner Bros. film and the highest-grossing Harry Potter film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Other reviews criticised the decision to split the novel into two cinematic parts, with Ben Mortimer of The Daily Telegraph writing \"Deathly Hallows – Part 2 isn't a film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Part 2 was released in 2D, 3-D and IMAX cinemas worldwide from 13–15 July 2011, and is the only Harry Potter film to be released in 3-D.The film became a commercial success and one of the best reviewed films of 2011, with praise for the acting, Yates's direction, musical score, visual effects, cinematography, action sequences, and the satisfying conclusion of the saga."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \" Thrilling, powerfully acted, and visually dazzling, Deathly Hallows Part II brings the Harry Potter franchise to a satisfying – and suitably magical – conclusion."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Theatrical release",
"text": "The Indonesian government levied a new value added tax on royalties from foreign films in February 2011, causing three film studios, including Warner Brothers, to halt the importation of their films, including Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 into the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 grossed $381,011,219 in the United States and Canada, along with $960,500,000 in other markets, for a worldwide total of $1,341,511,219."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Home media",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was released on 11 November 2011 in the United States in four formats: a one-disc standard DVD, a two-disc standard DVD special edition, a one-disc standard Blu-ray, and three-Disc Blu-ray 2D Combo Pack (Blu-ray + DVD + Digital Copy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 was nominated for Best Art Direction, Best Makeup, and Best Visual Effects at the 84th Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three and a half out of four and said, \"The finale conjures up enough awe and solemnity to serve as an appropriate finale and a dramatic contrast to the lighthearted (relative) innocence of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone all those magical years ago.\" Mark Kermode from the BBC said that the film is a \"pretty solid and ambitious adaptation of a very complex book\", but he criticised the post-converted 3D. Christy Lemire of the Associated Press gave the film three and a half out of four and said \"While Deathly Hallows: Part 2 offers long-promised answers, it also dares to pose some eternal questions, and it'll stay with you after the final chapter has closed.\" Richard Roeper, also from the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film an A+ rating and said: \"This is a masterful and worthy final chapter in one of the best franchises ever put to film."
}
] |
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 is a 2011 fantasy film based on the last K. J. Rowling's 2007 novel about violent, disappointing conclusions.
| 0 | 0 |
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He married his third wife, Susanna Margaret Chabot, in 1942.Tinker ended his involvement in professional baseball, focusing instead on his real estate ventures during the Florida land boom of the 1920s."
}
] |
QCQFooiQdO7HjgrT0V8P
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Career summary",
"text": "During his decade with the Cubs, they went to the World Series four times, winning in 1907 and 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Career summary",
"text": "He also excelled at fielding, often leading the National League in a number of statistical categories (including four times in fielding percentage)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He married his third wife, Susanna Margaret Chabot, in 1942.Tinker ended his involvement in professional baseball, focusing instead on his real estate ventures during the Florida land boom of the 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Whales and Cubs",
"text": "In his role, he signed other major league players to the Federal League, though he could not lure American League pitchers Walter Johnson from the Washington Senators or Smoky Joe Wood from the Boston Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Receiving interest from the Chicago Cubs and the Cincinnati Reds of the National League (NL), Tinker decided on the Cubs when teammate Jack McCarthy told him that he felt mistreated from his time with the Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Career summary",
"text": "Tinker was also noted as a fighter."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Tinker also scouted for the Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Whales and Cubs",
"text": "Tinker refused to resign. In October 1913, Tinker and Herrmann conferred, leading to Tinker signing a contract to remain the Reds manager for the 1914 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, Evers and Tinker feuded off the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Tinker was born in Muscotah, Kansas."
}
] |
Joe Tinker got married 3 times.
| 2 | 5 |
Joe Tinker
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Severely injured in an auto accident, he died in Germany twelve days later, on December 21, 1945."
}
] |
QClfSfcLpEdjwONvXJHv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "World War II | Slapping incidents and aftermath",
"text": "\"Patton did not command a force in combat for 11 months."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Phantom Army",
"text": "Patton flew to France a month later, and then returned to combat command."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II",
"text": "Patton earned a pilot's license and, during these maneuvers, observed the movements of his vehicles from the air to find ways to deploy them effectively in combat."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II",
"text": "\" It was around this time that a reporter, after hearing a speech where Patton said that it took \"blood and brains\" to win in combat, began calling him \"blood and guts\"."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Advance into Germany",
"text": "Patton later said he felt the correct decision would have been to send a Combat Command, which is a force about three times larger."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I",
"text": "I think I killed one man here."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Advance into Germany",
"text": "Its losses were 2,102 killed, 7,954 wounded, and 1,591 missing."
},
{
"section_header": "Inter-war years",
"text": "Patton developed phlebitis from the injury, which nearly killed him."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | Slapping incidents and aftermath",
"text": "While Eisenhower and Marshall both considered Patton to be a skilled combat commander, they felt Bradley was less impulsive and less prone to making mistakes."
},
{
"section_header": "World War I",
"text": "He was also awarded the Purple Heart for his combat wounds after the decoration was created in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Severely injured in an auto accident, he died in Germany twelve days later, on December 21, 1945."
}
] |
Patton was killed in world war II combat.
| 1 | 3 |
Patton
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation, early years and William Wilton",
"text": "Rangers were formed by four founders – brothers Moses McNeil and Peter McNeil, Peter Campbell and William McBeath – who met at West End Park (now known as Kelvingrove Park) in March 1872."
}
] |
QDTDwfwwOyX0k4Wdo2t1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation, early years and William Wilton",
"text": "By the start of the 20th century, Rangers had won two league titles and three Scottish Cups."
},
{
"section_header": "Supporters and rivalries | Rivalries",
"text": "Rangers and Queen's Park first played each other in March 1879, some nine years before the start of the Old Firm rivalry."
},
{
"section_header": "Supporters and rivalries",
"text": "The Rangers Worldwide Alliance is a network of supporters clubs that was set up for the benefit of the club and the fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Supporters and rivalries",
"text": "One of Hong Kong's most popular football clubs Hong Kong Rangers F.C. was set up by an expatriate fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Sponsors | Club Partners",
"text": "Official Club Partners - Bengaluru FC and Orange County SCA full list of Rangers commercial partners and sponsors can be found on the official club website and in the Rangers matchday programme, available at every home game."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation, early years and William Wilton",
"text": "Rangers were formed by four founders – brothers Moses McNeil and Peter McNeil, Peter Campbell and William McBeath – who met at West End Park (now known as Kelvingrove Park) in March 1872."
},
{
"section_header": "Crest and colours | Crest",
"text": "Unusually for a football club, Rangers have two different official crests."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Walter Smith's return and Ally McCoist",
"text": "Ally McCoist took over from Walter Smith in June 2011 but season 2011–12 started with Rangers eliminated from two European competitions before the end of August: losing to Swedish side Malmö FF in the Champions League third round qualifying match, and to Slovenian side Maribor in a Europa League qualifying match."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ibrox disaster, European success and Jock Wallace",
"text": "Rangers were banned from Europe for two years for the behaviour of their fans, later reduced on appeal to one year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rangers then won three promotions in four years, returning to the Premiership for the start of the 2016–17 season."
}
] |
Rangers F.C. was started by two sets of brothers who played together.
| 1 | 3 |
Rangers F.C.
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Police were an English rock band formed in London in 1977."
}
] |
QDfaRVEc7Fcmx35MmKtW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1986–2006: Disbandment",
"text": "Also in 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the Police No. 70 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked the Police number 70 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time, and in 2010, the band were ranked 40th on VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "What the Police did perhaps take from punk was a brand of nervous, energetic disillusion with 1970s Britain.\" The band were also able to draw on influences from reggae to jazz to progressive and pub rock."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "These performances resulted in three albums, each of them an eclectic mix of rock, electronica and jazz."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emerging in the British new wave scene, they played a style of rock influenced by punk, reggae, and jazz."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Police were an English rock band formed in London in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1983: Synchronicity and \"The Biggest Band in the World\"",
"text": "Near the end of the concert, Sting announced: \"We'd like to thank the Beatles for lending us their stadium.\" Looking back, Copeland states, \"Playing Shea Stadium was big because, even though I'm a septic tank (rhyming slang for 'Yank'), The Police is an English band"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Police have sold over 75 million records, making them one of the best-selling bands of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "In late November 1976, while on tour in Newcastle upon Tyne in northeast England with the British progressive rock band Curved Air, the band's American drummer Stewart Copeland met and exchanged phone numbers with an ambitious singer-bassist (and former schoolteacher) called Sting (so nicknamed due to his habit of wearing a black-and-yellow striped sweater mirroring a wasp), who at the time was playing in a jazz-rock fusion band called Last Exit."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "A \"power trio,\" the Police are known as a new wave and post-punk band, with many songs falling in the reggae-fusion genre."
}
] |
The Police is not a jazz band from the 70s.
| 0 | 0 |
The Police
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In a breach of regulations, Queeg smuggles the liquor off the ship, and when it is lost, blackmails Willie into paying for it."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "Maryk is tried by court-martial for \"conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline\" instead of \"making a mutiny\"."
}
] |
QDtpzDpk6mHvGcCpzU5I
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny is the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Herman Wouk."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Wouk served during World War II aboard two destroyer-minesweepers converted from World War I-era Clemson-class destroyers, USS Zane being the first and USS Southard being the second. (Wouk uses the latter name for one of his characters in the novel, Captain Randolph Patterson Southard."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In a breach of regulations, Queeg smuggles the liquor off the ship, and when it is lost, blackmails Willie into paying for it."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny reached the top of the New York Times best seller list on August 12, 1951, after 17 weeks on the list, replacing From Here to Eternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Wouk was serving aboard the USS Zane in December 1944, and though his ship did not experience much or any of the effects of Typhoon Cobra as did the fictional Caine during this time, the American Third Fleet had many ships lost or damaged in the Philippine Sea during the storm."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "After the novel's success, Wouk adapted the court-martial sequence into a full-length, two-act Broadway play, The Caine Mutiny Court Martial."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Following a mediocre living as a nightclub piano player, he signs up for midshipman school at Columbia University with the United States Navy to avoid being drafted into the United States Army during World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "This sequence of events and its resolution marks the climax and most thrilling portion of the novel, and it parallels Wouk's experiences as Executive Officer aboard the destroyer minesweeper USS Southard in Okinawa during Typhoon Ida in September of 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "He calls Keefer, not Maryk, \"the true author of 'The Caine Mutiny'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The name for the USS Caine came from the bible verse involving Caine killing his brother Abel, and is a reference to the banishment and resulting isolation felt by Caine as a result of his murdering his brother."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "Maryk is tried by court-martial for \"conduct to the prejudice of good order and discipline\" instead of \"making a mutiny\"."
}
] |
The Caine Mutiny is the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Herman Wouk about a twisting breach of regulations on the U.S.S. Caine during WW II and the court-martial that followed.
| 0 | 0 |
The Caine Mutiny
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Macdonald served just under 19 years as Prime Minister, a length of service only surpassed by William Lyon Mackenzie King."
}
] |
QE5DNp8KbwIHhgmaGj4L
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years, 1815–1830",
"text": "John Alexander Macdonald was the third of five children."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir John Alexander Macdonald (10 or 11 January 1815 – 6 June 1891) was the first prime minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Macdonald was the first Prime Minister of the new nation, and served 19 years; only William Lyon Mackenzie King served longer."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of Canada | First majority, 1867–1871",
"text": "The Canadian Parliament ratified the terms after a debate over the high cost that cabinet member Alexander Morris described as the worst fight the Conservatives had had since Confederation."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of Canada | Opposition, 1873–1878",
"text": "In the election, Macdonald was defeated in his riding by Alexander Gunn, but the Conservatives swept to victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years, 1815–1830",
"text": "John Alexander Macdonald was born in Ramshorn parish in Glasgow, Scotland, on 10 (official record) or 11 (father's journal) January 1815."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise, 1843–1864 | Parliamentary advancement, 1843–1857",
"text": "In August 1847 their son John Alexander Macdonald Jr. was born in New York, but as Isabella remained ill, relatives cared for the infant."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of Canada | Fifth and sixth majorities, 1887–1891; death",
"text": "Even the younger ministers, such as future Prime Minister John Thompson, who sometimes differed with Macdonald on policy, admitted the Prime Minister was an essential electoral asset for the Conservatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Macdonald served just under 19 years as Prime Minister, a length of service only surpassed by William Lyon Mackenzie King."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of Canada | Second majority and Pacific Scandal, 1872–1873",
"text": "With eroding support both in the Commons and among the public, Macdonald went to the Governor General, Lord Dufferin on 5 November and resigned; Liberal leader Alexander Mackenzie became the second Prime Minister of Canada."
}
] |
John Alexander Macdonald was the longest serving Canadian prime minister.
| 0 | 0 |
John A. Macdonald
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was ordained deacon and made a cardinal in 1456 after the election of his uncle as Pope Callistus III, and a year later he became vice-chancellor of the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust."
}
] |
QEbjgFchdc0oGirED5X1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1492, Rodrigo was elected Pope, taking the name Alexander VI."
},
{
"section_header": "French in retreat",
"text": "Alexander, overwhelmed with grief, shut himself up in Castel Sant'Angelo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was ordained deacon and made a cardinal in 1456 after the election of his uncle as Pope Callistus III, and a year later he became vice-chancellor of the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Election",
"text": "Borgia was elected on 11 August 1492, assuming the name of Alexander VI (due to confusion about the status of Pope Alexander V elected by the Council of Pisa)."
},
{
"section_header": "French involvement",
"text": "This became the basis of the Treaty of Tordesillas which was ratified by Spain on 2 July 1494 and by Portugal on 5 September 1494. (This and other related bulls are known collectively as the Bulls of Donation.) Pope Alexander VI made many alliances to secure his position."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "The Prince in 1513, in which he refers to Alexander VI as an astute politician who did much to strengthen the power of the Church. \" Alexander VI, more than any other pontiff who has ever lived, showed how much a pope could achieve with money and armed force. ... Although his aim was the aggrandizement of the duke [his son Cesare], not of the Church, nonetheless what he did increased the greatness of the Church; and after his death ... the Church inherited the fruits of his labours."
},
{
"section_header": "French in retreat",
"text": "Peace was made through Venetian mediation, the Orsini paying 50,000 ducats in exchange for their confiscated lands; the Duke of Urbino, whom they had captured, was left by the Pope to pay his own ransom."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Books",
"text": "In a postscript to the introduction, \"Alexander\" requests additional prayers for the sake of himself and several other popes stuck in Purgatory."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Unlike Julius, Alexander never made war unless absolutely necessary, preferring negotiation and diplomacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust."
}
] |
Pope Alexander VI was a self made Pope who made a name for himself as he rose up in the church.
| 0 | 2 |
Pope Alexander VI
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal)."
}
] |
QExEL7vMmm5Z0djzanUb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Earth extracted from the canal was transported to the New York City area and used as landfill in New York and New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The canal also made an immense contribution to the wealth and importance of New York City, Buffalo and New York State."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century | New York State Canal System",
"text": "In 1992, the New York State Barge Canal was renamed the New York State Canal System (including the Erie, Cayuga-Seneca, Oswego, and Champlain canals) and placed under the newly created New York State Canal Corporation, a subsidiary of the New York State Thruway Authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When completed in 1825, it was the second longest canal in the world (after the Grand Canal in China) and greatly enhanced the development and economy of New York, New York City, and the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Competition",
"text": "As the canal brought travelers to New York City, it took business away from other ports such as Philadelphia and Baltimore."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "A 36‑mile (58 km) stretch of the old canal from the town of DeWitt, New York, east of Syracuse, to just outside Rome, New York, is preserved as the Old Erie Canal State Historic Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "Records of the planning, design, construction, and administration of the Erie Canal are vast and can be found in the New York State Archives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "Sections of the old Erie Canal not used after 1918 are owned by New York State, or have been ceded to or purchased by counties or municipalities."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "It was acclaimed as an engineering marvel that united the country and helped New York City develop as an international trade center."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal)."
}
] |
The Erie Canal is in New York City.
| 1 | 1 |
Erie Canal
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This is a Hong Kong name; Fung is the maiden name and Chan is the married name."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Chan was born and raised in Hong Kong, although her ancestors came from Shunde, Guangdong."
}
] |
QGL3zcc1cnfp9mqGz6Iv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "Her profile was raised by her handling, in those positions, of the 1997 H5N1 avian influenza outbreak and the 2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "Her performance during the SARS outbreak, which ultimately led to 299 deaths, attracted harsh criticism from the Legislative Council of Hong Kong and many SARS victims and their relatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This is a Hong Kong name; Fung is the maiden name and Chan is the married name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In early 2018 she joined the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).She was widely criticized for her handling of the 1997 H5N1 avian influenza outbreak and the 2003 SARS outbreak in Hong Kong, and for extravagant travel expenses while director-general of the WHO."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Chan was born and raised in Hong Kong, although her ancestors came from Shunde, Guangdong."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "On the other hand, the SARS expert committee established by the HKSAR government to assess its handling of the crisis, opined that the failure was not Chan's fault, but due to the structure of Hong Kong's health care system, in which the separation of the hospital authority from the public health authority resulted in problems with data sharing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun, (born August 21, 1947) is a Chinese-Canadian physician, who served as the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) delegating the People's Republic of China for 2006–2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "In April 1992, she was promoted to Deputy Director and, in June 1994, was named the first woman in Hong Kong to head the Department of Health."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Margaret Chan is married to David Chan, who is an ophthalmologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "After the first victim of the H5N1 died, Chan first tried to reassure Hong Kong residents with her infamous statements like, \"I ate chicken last night\" or"
}
] |
Margaret Chan's name before marriage, Fung Fu-chun, is from Hong Kong where she was raised during the SARS outbreak.
| 0 | 0 |
Margaret Chan
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Béla Viktor János Bartók (; Hungarian: Bartók Béla, pronounced [ˈbɒrtoːk ˈbeːlɒ]; 25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "By the age of four he was able to play 40 pieces on the piano and his mother began formally teaching him the next year."
}
] |
QH5zBSOxJaH5qCBNphsY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Compilations of Bartók's field recordings, interviews, and original piano playing have been released over the years, largely by the Hungarian record label Hungaroton: Bartók, Béla."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "By the age of four he was able to play 40 pieces on the piano and his mother began formally teaching him the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Bartók, Béla. Bartók, Béla. 2003. Bartók Plays Bartók."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Bartók, Béla. Bartók, Béla. 2008. Bartók Plays Bartók."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Béla Viktor János Bartók (; Hungarian: Bartók Béla, pronounced [ˈbɒrtoːk ˈbeːlɒ]; 25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Bartók Plays Bartók – Bartók at the Piano 1929–41."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | New inspiration and experimentation (1916–21)",
"text": "Bartók started composing again, including the Suite for piano opus 14 (1916), and The Miraculous Mandarin (1918) and he completed The Wooden Prince (1917).Bartók felt the result of World War I as a personal tragedy (Stevens 1993, 3)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Personal life",
"text": "In 1909, at the age of 28, Bartók married Márta Ziegler (1893–1967), aged 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Statues",
"text": "A bust and plaque located at his last residence, in New York City at 309 W. 57th Street, inscribed: \" The Great Hungarian Composer / Béla Bartók / (1881–1945) / Made His Home"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "Béla Bartók died at age 64 in a hospital in New York City from complications of leukemia (specifically, of secondary polycythemia) on 26 September 1945."
}
] |
Béla Bartók was a Hungarian composer who started playing piano at a young age.
| 0 | 0 |
Béla Bartók
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2012, Smith made news headlines again, when he sold all of his Gold Gloves at auction together for more than $500,000."
}
] |
QHDNb5WeghnKxge1pq9i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Smith continued to earn Gold Gloves and All-Star appearances on an annual basis until 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1990–1995",
"text": "Smith became a free agent for the first time in his career on November 2, 1992, only to sign a new contract with the Cardinals on December 6.Smith won his final Gold Glove in 1992, and his 13 consecutive Gold Gloves at shortstop in the National League has yet to be matched."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Smith won his first Gold Glove Award in 1980 and made his first All-Star Game appearance in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1987–1990",
"text": "While the team did not see the postseason for the remainder of the decade, Smith continued to rack up All-Star appearances and Gold Gloves."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2012, Smith made news headlines again, when he sold all of his Gold Gloves at auction together for more than $500,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "When St. Louis was trailing 3–1 with one out in the sixth inning of Game 7, Smith started a rally with a base hit to left field, eventually scoring the first of the team's three runs that inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1987–1990",
"text": "In addition to winning the Gold Glove Award at shortstop for the eighth consecutive time, Smith posted a career-high on-base percentage of .392."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "In 1980, he set the single-season record for most assists by a shortstop (621), and began his string of 13 consecutive Gold Glove awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "Smith was voted in as the National League's starting shortstop in the All-Star Game for the first time in 1983, and at season's end won a fourth consecutive Gold Glove Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres | Trade",
"text": "While Smith was having problems with the Padres' owners, the St. Louis Cardinals also found themselves unhappy with their shortstop, Garry Templeton."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith had some money problems which caused him to sell all but one of his Gold Gloves in 2013 for over $600,00.
| 2 | 4 |
Ozzie Smith
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Death and legacy",
"text": "A year before his death, he donated his lot and mansion to the government."
}
] |
QHMV4CAq0KZ1MUp2L2su
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Declaration of independence and revolutionary government",
"text": "On June 12, Aguinaldo promulgated the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain in his own mansion house in Cavite El Viejo, believing that declaration would inspire the Filipino people to eagerly rise against the Spaniards."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Random House. ISBN 978-0394549750."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Declaration of independence and revolutionary government",
"text": "On June 23, Aguinaldo issued a decree replacing his dictatorial government with a revolutionary government with himself as president, upon the recommendation of his adviser Apolinario Mabini."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Battle of Imus",
"text": "Supported only by a hundred troops and by a cavalry, Aguirre gave the impression that he had been sent out to suppress a minor disturbance."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Declaration of independence and revolutionary government",
"text": "The decree defined the organization of the central government and the establishment and election of delegates to the Revolutionary Congress and to prepare the shift from a revolutionary government to a Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Declaration of independence and revolutionary government",
"text": "On June 18, he issued a decree formally establishing his dictatorial government on which he also provided the organization of the local government and the establishment and composition of the Revolutionary Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Dictatorial government and Battle of Alapan",
"text": "The dictatorial government was provisionary in character until peace have been established and unrestrained liberty was attained."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Dictatorial government and Battle of Alapan",
"text": "Aguinaldo had brought with him the draft constitution of Mariano Ponce for the establishment of federal revolutionary republic upon his return to Manila, however, on May 24, 1898, in Cavite, Aguinaldo issued a proclamation, upon the advice of his war counselor Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, in which he assumed command of all Philippine forces and established a dictatorial government with himself as titular dictator, with power thereby vested upon him to administer decrees promulgated under his sole responsibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Spanish Cavite offensive and the Battle of Perez Dasmariñas",
"text": "Meanwhile, at the Tejero's Convention, Aguinaldo was voted in absentia as the president of the reorganized revolutionary government."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Biak-na-Bato and exile",
"text": "While in exile, Aguinaldo reorganized his revolutionary government into the so-called \"Hong Kong Junta\" and enlarging it into the \"Supreme Council of the Nation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Death and legacy",
"text": "A year before his death, he donated his lot and mansion to the government."
}
] |
Aguinaldo gave his house to the government.
| 2 | 5 |
Emilio Aguinaldo
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "O.S. 16 March] 1881) was a Russian composer, one of the group known as \"The Five\"."
}
] |
QIBhvYF6IvLocmuPvZWi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "In 1868/1869 he composed the opera Boris Godunov, about the life of the Russian tsar, but it was rejected by the Mariinsky Opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Western perceptions of Mussorgsky changed with the European premiere of Boris Godunov in 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Russian: Модест Петрович Мусоргский, tr."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Peak",
"text": "A few months after abandoning Zhenitba, the 29-year-old Mussorgsky was encouraged to write an opera on the story of Boris Godunov."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Decline",
"text": "This may have been the reason Tsar Alexander III personally crossed off Boris Godunov from the list of proposed pieces for the Imperial Opera in 1888."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Stasov wrote Balakirev, in an 1863 letter, \"I have no use for Mussorgsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "sound. 'Modest' is the Russian form of the name 'Modestus' which means 'moderate' or 'restrained' in Late Latin."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Peak",
"text": "By the time of the first production of Boris Godunov in February 1874, Mussorgsky had taken part in the ill-fated Mlada project (in the course of which he had made a choral version of his Night on Bald Mountain) and had begun Khovanshchina."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Such works include the opera Boris Godunov, the orchestral tone poem Night on Bald Mountain and the piano suite Pictures at an Exhibition."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Critic Edward Dannreuther, wrote, in the 1905 edition of The Oxford History of Music, \"Mussorgsky, in his vocal efforts, appears wilfully eccentric."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "O.S. 16 March] 1881) was a Russian composer, one of the group known as \"The Five\"."
}
] |
Modest Mussorgsky was a Russian writer that wrote Boris Godunov.
| 0 | 1 |
Modest Mussorgsky
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017",
"text": "Chan served two terms of five years apiece as Director-General of the WHO."
}
] |
QIEKhgbruGxnZAFeG2Js
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Assistant to DGWHO",
"text": "Chan left the Hong Kong Government in August 2003 after 25 years of service to join the World Health Organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Assistant to DGWHO",
"text": "From 2003 until 2005, Chan served as the Representative of the World Health Organization Director-General for Pandemic Influenza and as Assistant Director-General for Communicable Diseases."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun, (born August 21, 1947) is a Chinese-Canadian physician, who served as the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) delegating the People's Republic of China for 2006–2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "In April 1992, she was promoted to Deputy Director and, in June 1994, was named the first woman in Hong Kong to head the Department of Health."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017",
"text": "Chan served two terms of five years apiece as Director-General of the WHO."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | After WHO",
"text": "The same year, she was appointed to the Council of Advisors of the Boao Forum for Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017",
"text": "\" On 18 January 2012, Chan was nominated by the WHO's Executive Board for a second term and was confirmed by the World Health Assembly on 23 May 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "II.In 2014, Chan was ranked as the 30th most powerful woman in the world, based on her position as Director-General, by Forbes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2014, Forbes ranked her as the 30th most powerful woman in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017 | Second term",
"text": "In 2016 at the request of the WHA, Chan launched the Health Emergencies Programme."
}
] |
Chan was the head of the World Health Organization for 10 years.
| 1 | 3 |
Margaret Chan
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Jewish traders were operating in southeastern Pennsylvania long before William Penn."
}
] |
QIFGdLD16NPIjIAdLVcO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The free black community also established many schools for its children, with the help of Quakers."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city in 1682 to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "Many Old City art galleries stay open late on the First Friday event of each month."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Transportation",
"text": "Over 12 million SEPTA and NJ Transit rail commuters use the station each year, and more than 100,000 people on an average weekday."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), hospital (1751), medical school (1765), national capital (1774), stock exchange (1790), zoo (1874), and business school (1881)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The Quaker Friends General Conference is based in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "The originator of the thinly-sliced steak sandwich in the 1930s, initially without cheese, is Pat's King of Steaks, which faces its rival Geno's Steaks, founded in 1966, across the intersection of 9th Street and Passyunk Avenue in the Italian Market of South Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "°C).Snowfall is highly variable with some winters having only light snow while others include major snowstorms."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The remainder of the Christian demographic is spread among smaller Protestant denominations and the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox among others."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Jewish traders were operating in southeastern Pennsylvania long before William Penn."
}
] |
Philadelphia was the originator of many things like the Marines and was used by other people before the Quaker leader founded it in the late 1600s.
| 2 | 4 |
Philadelphia
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Major conurbations",
"text": "While many cities in England are quite large, such as Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Bradford, Nottingham, population size is not a prerequisite for city status."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Major conurbations",
"text": "There are 50 settlements which have been designated city status in England, while the wider United Kingdom has 66."
}
] |
QIzMLIyn9gW2F84vixGG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Major conurbations",
"text": "The Greater London Built-up Area is by far the largest urban area in England and one of the busiest cities in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance | Politics",
"text": "Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "A romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, and made popular by its use in Arthurian legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Major conurbations",
"text": "While many cities in England are quite large, such as Birmingham, Sheffield, Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Bradford, Nottingham, population size is not a prerequisite for city status."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "London is one of the world's most visited cities, regularly taking the top five most visited cities in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Major conurbations",
"text": "There are 50 settlements which have been designated city status in England, while the wider United Kingdom has 66."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Language",
"text": "As its name suggests, the English language, today spoken by hundreds of millions of people around the world, originated as the language of England, where it remains the principal tongue spoken by 98% of the population."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Major conurbations",
"text": "It is considered a global city and has a population larger than other countries in the United Kingdom besides England itself."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and antiquity",
"text": "By heating together tin and copper, which were in abundance in the area, the Beaker culture people made bronze, and later iron from iron ores."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early modern",
"text": "In 1666 the Great Fire of London gutted the City of London"
}
] |
Today, England is made up of fifty cities.
| 0 | 0 |
England
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer, convinced a major insurrection could take place, banned all meetings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This notice was not widely disseminated, and many villagers gathered in the Bagh to celebrate the important Indian festival of Baisakhi, and peacefully protest the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew."
}
] |
QJ5NchRoIrjjtt8aA4Sb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Hunter Commission",
"text": "The minority report of the Indian members further added that: Proclamations banning public meetings were insufficiently distributed."
},
{
"section_header": "Before the massacre",
"text": "At the meeting, Hans Raj, an aide to Kitchlew, announced a public protest meeting would be held at 18:30 the following day in the Jallianwala Bagh, to be organised by Muhammad Bashir and chaired by a senior and respected Congress Party leader, Lal Kanhyalal Bhatia."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "Reginald Dyer, the acting military commander for Amritsar and its environs, proceeded through the city with several city officials, announcing the implementation of a pass system to enter or leave Amritsar, a curfew beginning at 20:00 that night and a ban on all processions and public meetings of four or more persons."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "Meanwhile, local police had received intelligence of the planned meeting in the Jallianwala Bagh through word of mouth and plainclothes detectives in the crowds."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Assassination of Michael O'Dwyer",
"text": "German radio reportedly broadcast: \"The cry of tormented people spoke with shots.\" At a public meeting in Kanpur, a spokesman had stated that \"at last an insult and humiliation of the nation had been avenged\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Before the massacre",
"text": "and therefore they have to crawl in front of her, too.\" He also authorised the indiscriminate, public whipping of locals who came within lathi length of British policemen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919, when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, killing at least 379 people and injuring over 1,000 other people."
},
{
"section_header": "Massacre",
"text": "He stated later that this act \"was not to disperse the meeting but to punish the Indians for disobedience.\" Dyer ordered his troops to begin shooting toward the densest sections of the crowd in front of the available narrow exits, where panicked crowds were trying to leave the Bagh."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Hunter Commission",
"text": "Initially questioned by Lord Hunter, Dyer stated he had come to know about the meeting at the Jallianwala Bagh at 12:40 hours that day but did not attempt to prevent it."
},
{
"section_header": "Monument and legacy | National Memorial Event in the UK",
"text": "Jallianwala Bagh 100 Years On', where testimonies of survivors were read out from the book 'Eyewitness at Amritsar', there were traditional musical performances, and a minute's silence was held to remember those who had been killed a century earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On Sunday, 13 April 1919, Dyer, convinced a major insurrection could take place, banned all meetings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This notice was not widely disseminated, and many villagers gathered in the Bagh to celebrate the important Indian festival of Baisakhi, and peacefully protest the arrest and deportation of two national leaders, Satyapal and Saifuddin Kitchlew."
}
] |
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred after an order was put out to ban public meetings was issued but not publicized.
| 1 | 4 |
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1973: Forming the group | Official naming",
"text": "At first, this was a play on words, as Abba is also the name of a well-known fish-canning company in Sweden, and itself an abbreviation."
}
] |
QJ9HboTqHzm9p3kk1z7k
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "So Well\"), and a medley entitled \"Thank ABBA for the Music\" performed by several artists and as featured on the Brits Awards that same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That same year it was announced that the band had recorded two new songs after 35 years of being inactive."
},
{
"section_header": "Solo careers | Agnetha Fältskog",
"text": "\" The title of the album was conceived of by the studio production team."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "A sequel to the 2008 movie Mamma Mia!, titled Mamma Mia!"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "In May 2020, it was announced that ABBA's entire studio discography would be released on coloured vinyl for the first time, in a box set titled ABBA: The Studio Albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "that toured worldwide. A film of the same name, released in 2008, became the highest-grossing film in the United Kingdom that year."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Final performances",
"text": "That same year they also performed privately at another friend's 40th birthday: their old tour manager, Claes af Geijerstam."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "I would love to, but it's up to Björn and Benny.\" The same year the members of ABBA went their separate ways, the French production of a \"tribute\" show (a children's TV musical named Abbacadabra using 14 ABBA songs) spawned new interest in the group's music."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Final performances",
"text": "They sang a self-written song titled \"Der Kleine Franz\" that was later to resurface in Chess."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "The same year, Thank You for the Music, a four-disc box set comprising all the group's hits and stand-out album tracks, was released with the involvement of all four members."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1973: Forming the group | Official naming",
"text": "At first, this was a play on words, as Abba is also the name of a well-known fish-canning company in Sweden, and itself an abbreviation."
}
] |
ABBA was christened with the same title as a preserved sea meat corporation.
| 2 | 4 |
ABBA
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "The historian Timothy Brook notes that the Ming government census figures are dubious since fiscal obligations prompted many families to underreport the number of people in their households and many county officials to underreport the number of households in their jurisdiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "Children were often underreported, especially female children, as shown by skewed population statistics throughout the Ming."
}
] |
QJsTNrZCzgq2r0uXImT3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "While prefectures across the empire in the mid-Ming period were reporting either a drop in or stagnant population size, local gazetteers reported massive amounts of incoming vagrant workers with not enough good cultivated land for them to till, so that many would become drifters, conmen, or wood-cutters that contributed to deforestation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Role of eunuchs",
"text": "His friends and family gained important positions without qualifications."
},
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "The historian Timothy Brook notes that the Ming government census figures are dubious since fiscal obligations prompted many families to underreport the number of people in their households and many county officials to underreport the number of households in their jurisdiction."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "In 1912, after the overthrow of the Qing dynasty in the Xinhai Revolution, some advocated that a Han Chinese be installed as Emperor, either the descendant of Confucius, who was the Duke Yansheng, or the Ming dynasty Imperial family descendant, the Marquis of Extended Grace."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Urban and rural life",
"text": "Merchants and their families were further banned from using silk."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "Despite the loss of Beijing and the death of the emperor, the Ming were not yet totally destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and fall of the Ming dynasty | Rebellion, invasion, collapse",
"text": "In 1725 the Qing Yongzheng Emperor bestowed the hereditary title of Marquis on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family, Zhu Zhilian (朱之璉), who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs."
},
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "Even adult women were underreported; for example, the Daming Prefecture in North Zhili reported a population of 378,167 males and 226,982 females in 1502."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Religion",
"text": "However, the 1642 flood caused by Kaifeng's Ming governor devastated the community, which lost five of its twelve families, its synagogue, and most of its Torah."
},
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "However, the dramatically skewed sex ratios, which many counties reported exceeding 2:1 by 1586, cannot likely be explained by infanticide alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Population",
"text": "Children were often underreported, especially female children, as shown by skewed population statistics throughout the Ming."
}
] |
Many families that existed during the Ming Dynasty would not report the total amount of females that were present in the family.
| 0 | 1 |
Ming Dynasty
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He previously served as the general manager of four MLB teams: the Toronto Blue Jays (1978–1994), Baltimore Orioles (1996–1998), Seattle Mariners (2000–2003), and Philadelphia Phillies (2006–2008)."
}
] |
QKDT3iAotbiGYfgdy194
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "In 1995, Gillick was named the general manager of the Baltimore Orioles to replace Roland Hemond, who had resigned."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He previously served as the general manager of four MLB teams: the Toronto Blue Jays (1978–1994), Baltimore Orioles (1996–1998), Seattle Mariners (2000–2003), and Philadelphia Phillies (2006–2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record of 45–32 with an earned run average of 3.42 in 164 minor league games."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "He guided the Orioles to the playoffs in 1996 and 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "The Orioles struggled shortly after his departure, failing to achieve a winning season until 2012.Gillick then became the general manager of the Seattle Mariners, who had parlayed their incredible 1995 playoff run into a new ballpark and the financial resources to become a perennial contender."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gillick was born to former minor league baseball player Larry Gillick in Chico, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1997, Gillick was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick returned to his senior advisor role after the Phillies promoted Andy MacPhail to president, who first joined the Phillies organization as a special assistant to Gillick during the 2015 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2002, Gillick was inducted into the Toronto Blue Jays' Level of Excellence"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gillick had to wire his grandmother for $25 to finance his last leg from Montana to Vulcan."
}
] |
Pat Gillick was a member of the Baltimore Orioles.
| 0 | 0 |
Pat Gillick
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608–1674)."
}
] |
QKJvdUZNeiQj3agUNGla
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In the 1667 version of Paradise Lost, the poem was divided into ten books."
},
{
"section_header": "Motifs | Idolatry",
"text": "In the beginning of Paradise Lost and throughout the poem, there are several references to the rise and eventual fall of Solomon's temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paradise Lost is an epic poem in blank verse by the 17th-century English poet John Milton (1608–1674)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "\"Leonard also notes that Milton \"did not at first plan to write a biblical epic.\" Since epics were typically written about heroic kings and queens (and with pagan gods), Milton originally envisioned his epic to be based on a legendary Saxon or British king like the legend of King Arthur."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation and critique",
"text": "scholar John Leonard interpreted the \"impious war\" between Heaven and Hell as civil war: Paradise Lost is, among other things, a poem about civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | God the Father",
"text": "Thus, according to Milton, the ultimate authority of God over all things that happen derives from his being the \"author\" of all creation."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Son of God",
"text": "Milton's God in Paradise Lost refers to the Son as \"My word, my wisdom, and effectual might\" (3.170)."
},
{
"section_header": "Motifs | Marriage",
"text": "Although Milton does not directly mention divorce, critics posit theories on Milton's view of divorce based upon their inferences from the poem and from his tracts on divorce written earlier in his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Milton's purpose, as stated in Book I, is to \"justify the ways of God to men.\" In his introduction to the Penguin edition of Paradise Lost, the Milton scholar John Leonard notes, \"John Milton was nearly sixty when he published Paradise Lost in 1667."
},
{
"section_header": "Iconography",
"text": "Some of the most notable illustrators of Paradise Lost included William Blake, Gustave Doré and Henry Fuseli."
}
] |
The poem, Paradise Lost was written by a British author.
| 1 | 5 |
Paradise Lost
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Frost wrote the poem in June 1922 at his house in Shaftsbury, Vermont."
}
] |
QKefekKTaWK2lEpmCB2L
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Use in eulogies",
"text": "The book was of Robert Frost, and on one page featuring the poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”... The last 4 lines were underlined."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "Frost wrote the poem in June 1922 at his house in Shaftsbury, Vermont."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening\" is a poem written in 1922 by Robert Frost, and published in 1923 in his New Hampshire volume."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "He went out to view the sunrise and suddenly got the idea for \"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "He wrote the new poem \"about the snowy evening and the little horse as if I'd had a hallucination\" in just \"a few minutes without strain\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "DDDD.The text of the poem describes the thoughts of a lone wagon driver (the speaker), pausing at night in his travel to watch snow falling in the woods."
},
{
"section_header": "Use in eulogies",
"text": "Since Frost was one of the President's favorite poets, Davis concluded his report with a passage from this poem but was overcome with emotion as he signed off."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "He had been up the entire night writing the long poem \"New Hampshire\" and had finally finished when he realized morning had come."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "It ends with him reminding himself that, despite the loveliness of the view, \"I have promises to keep, /"
},
{
"section_header": "Use in eulogies",
"text": "At the funeral of former Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau, on October 3, 2000, his eldest son Justin rephrased the last stanza of this poem in his eulogy: \"The woods are lovely, dark and deep."
}
] |
Robert Frost wrote the poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" when he woke up to a snow covered view at his Vermont home.
| 3 | 4 |
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death."
}
] |
QKthfCv61SAXfov1VYMT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary school years",
"text": "In St Albans, the eight-year-old Hawking attended St Albans High School for Girls for a few months."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary school years",
"text": "His family could not afford the school fees without the financial aid of a scholarship, so Hawking remained at St Albans."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary school years",
"text": "Hawking attended two independent (i.e. fee-paying) schools, first Radlett School and from September 1952, St Albans School, after passing the eleven-plus a year early."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "The two were married on 14 July 1965 in their shared hometown of St Albans."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "In St Albans, the family was considered highly intelligent and somewhat eccentric; meals were often spent with each person silently reading a book."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His private funeral took place at 2 pm on the afternoon of 31 March 2018, at Great St Mary's Church, Cambridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "1955–2003).In 1950, when Hawking's father became head of the division of parasitology at the National Institute for Medical Research, the family moved to St Albans, Hertfordshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He directed, at least fifteen years before his death, that the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy equation be his epitaph."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary school years",
"text": "Hawking began his schooling at the Byron House School in Highgate, London."
}
] |
At the time of his death he was a director at St Albans School.
| 2 | 2 |
Stephen Hawking
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career",
"text": "Ferguson was a pitcher who had converted to second base for his final season, but he died early in 1888 from typhoid fever."
}
] |
QKv8wzuoHP2HxbxNkETg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The song, \"The Death of Big Ed Delahanty\", is a driving, punk-influenced ballad."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Hamburg Marines, a German Baseball Club, named their ballpark in the Hamburg quarter Billwerder after Ed Delahanty."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A Cleveland, Ohio native nicknamed \"Big Ed\", Delahanty was an outfielder and powerful right-handed batter in the 1890s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Crazy Schmit, who pitched for the Giants and Orioles, said of him, \"When you pitch to [Ed] Delahanty, you just want to shut your eyes, say a prayer and chuck the ball."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "A study of the tragedy appeared with the publication of July 2, 1903: The Mysterious Death of Big Ed Delahanty, by Mike Sowell ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward James Delahanty (October 30, 1867 – July 2, 1903), nicknamed \"Big Ed\", was an American professional baseball player, who spent his Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career with the Philadelphia Quakers, Cleveland Infants, Philadelphia Phillies, and Washington Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career",
"text": "Delahanty was brought in to fill in for him at second base."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "Delahanty was surrounded by talent in the Philadelphia outfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Later career",
"text": "\"Delahanty returned to the Senators for the 1903 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career",
"text": "The Phillies obtained Delahanty as a replacement for Charlie Ferguson."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career",
"text": "Ferguson was a pitcher who had converted to second base for his final season, but he died early in 1888 from typhoid fever."
}
] |
Ed Delahanty was a catcher.
| 0 | 0 |
Ed Delahanty
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On Guinness's birth certificate, his mother's name is given as Agnes de Cuffe; the infant's name (where first names only are placed) is given as Alec Guinness, and there are no details for the father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The identity of Guinness's father has never been officially confirmed."
}
] |
QLCuC8hcEbe1zL2WvQKD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In his biography, Alec Guinness: The Unknown, Garry O'Connor reports that Guinness was arrested and fined 10 guineas (£10.50) for a homosexual act in a public lavatory in Liverpool in 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The identity of Guinness's father has never been officially confirmed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Alec Guinness, (born Alec Guinness de Cuffe; 2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Guinness was born Alec Guinness de Cuffe at 155 Lauderdale Mansions South, Lauderdale Road, Maida Vale in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On Guinness's birth certificate, his mother's name is given as Agnes de Cuffe; the infant's name (where first names only are placed) is given as Alec Guinness, and there are no details for the father."
}
] |
Alec Guiness's male parent identity was unknown.
| 0 | 0 |
Alec Guinness
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His family had no theatrical connections, but Olivier's father, a clergyman, decided that his son should become an actor."
}
] |
QLE7UNBqlhzC6ERzI6zb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Old Vic and Vivien Leigh (1936–1938)",
"text": "The actor Robert Speaight described it as \"Olivier's first incontestably great performance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards, honours and memorials",
"text": "In addition to the naming of the National Theatre's largest auditorium in Olivier's honour, he is commemorated in the Laurence Olivier Awards, bestowed annually since 1984 by the Society of West End Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Technique and reputation",
"text": "In an obituary tribute in The Times, Bernard Levin wrote, \"What we have lost with Laurence Olivier is glory."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early acting career (1924–1929)",
"text": "The Manchester Guardian commented, \"Mr. Laurence Olivier did his best as Beau, but he deserves and will get better parts."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Rising star (1930–1935)",
"text": "During work on the latter film, for which he was paid £60, he met Laurence Evans, who became his personal manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Post-war (1948–1951)",
"text": "The production was popular, despite poor reviews, but the expensive production did little to help the finances of Laurence Olivier Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The National Theatre's largest auditorium is named in his honour, and he is commemorated in the Laurence Olivier Awards, given annually by the Society of London Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Post-war (1948–1951)",
"text": "Shortly afterwards Finch moved to London, where Olivier auditioned him and put him under a long-term contract with Laurence Olivier Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His family had no theatrical connections, but Olivier's father, a clergyman, decided that his son should become an actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Last years with Leigh (1955–1956)",
"text": "Reviewers were lukewarm about the direction by Glen Byam Shaw and the designs by Roger Furse, but Olivier's performance in the title role attracted superlatives."
}
] |
Laurence Olivier's father performed in the theater which is how Laurence was able to get his first role.
| 2 | 6 |
Laurence Olivier
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the only child of Jeremy Jack Bieber and Pattie Mallette, who were never married."
}
] |
QLQ1sxbnGJLNAwG3aVOb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "In March 2014, Rolling Stone characterized Jeremy as having \"split with Justin's mom when Justin was a toddler, and wasn't always around afterward."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Philanthropy",
"text": "Bieber supports Pencils of Promise, a charity founded by Adam Braun, the younger brother of Bieber's manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2011: My World 2.0 and Never Say Never",
"text": "He played a \"troubled teen who is faced with a difficult decision regarding his only brother\", who is also a serial bomber."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | YouTube and Twitter",
"text": "In early November 2013, Katy Perry surpassed him for having the most followers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2011: My World 2.0 and Never Say Never",
"text": "He is the youngest star, and 1 of 7 musicians on the list, having raked in $53 million in a 12-month period."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legal issues and controversies",
"text": "\"In July 2017, the Chinese government banned Justin Bieber from performing in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2009: Career beginnings and My World",
"text": "Justin Timberlake was also reportedly in the running to sign Bieber but lost the bidding war to Usher."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | YouTube and Twitter",
"text": "\"I said: 'Justin, sing like there's no one in the room."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Business ventures and endorsements",
"text": "His third fragrance, The Key, was launched in July 2013, and his latest fragrance, Justin Bieber Collector's Edition, launched in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the only child of Jeremy Jack Bieber and Pattie Mallette, who were never married."
}
] |
Justin Bieber does not have any brother or sister.
| 2 | 5 |
Justin Bieber
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bernhard \"Barney\" Dreyfuss (February 23, 1865 – February 5, 1932) was an executive in Major League Baseball who owned the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise from 1900 to his death."
}
] |
QLkXwLlWROoJjJiw5c6Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Louisville Colonels",
"text": "Dreyfuss enjoyed the game of baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Once in America, Barney Dreyfuss lived and worked with the Bernheim family in Paducah, Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh Pirates | 1910 to 1932",
"text": "In 1912, Dreyfuss became one of the major stockholders of Welte & Sons Inc. However, he was still involved in every decision made involving the Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh Pirates | World Series",
"text": "Although his Pirates would lose to the Boston Americans 5 games to 3, the games proved to be a success."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh Pirates | World Series",
"text": "Dreyfuss further cemented his reputation by adding his own share of the gate receipts to the players' winnings."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh Stars",
"text": "In 1902, Dreyfuss and Pittsburgh Pirates minority owner William Chase Temple were suspected of being the secret owners to the Pittsburgh Stars, a professional American football team in the first National Football League."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh Pirates | Forbes Field",
"text": "The crowd for the stadium's inaugural game included Pittsburgh Mayor William A. Magee, Harry Pulliam (now the National League President), and Congressman John K. Tener, a former Major League player who was soon to become the Governor of Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bernhard \"Barney\" Dreyfuss (February 23, 1865 – February 5, 1932) was an executive in Major League Baseball who owned the Pittsburgh Pirates franchise from 1900 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh Pirates | 1910 to 1932",
"text": "He also worked to outlaw \"freak\" pitches such as the spitball, and he was a force in ridding the game of gambling."
},
{
"section_header": "Louisville Colonels",
"text": "To pull off this deal, Dreyfuss accepted an option to purchase an interest in the Pirates, then traded the best of the Colonel's players to the Pirates; he then used this leverage to buy out his partners."
}
] |
Barney Dreyfuss was a professional player that enjoyed the ball game, and is still renowned for his abilities as a shortstop.
| 0 | 0 |
Barney Dreyfuss
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he also became a businessman, soldier and politician who represented three different counties in the Virginia General Assembly following the American Revolutionary War, Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now Kentucky."
}
] |
QLlNdpctmLJhYiWpKtea
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Kentucky",
"text": "The massacre was one of the first events in what became known as Dunmore's War, a struggle between Virginia and, primarily, Shawnees of the Ohio Country for control of what is now West Virginia and Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he also became a businessman, soldier and politician who represented three different counties in the Virginia General Assembly following the American Revolutionary War, Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina | Marriage and family",
"text": "His son, Nathan Boone, was the first British-American colonist known to be born in Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Kentucky",
"text": "This, as well as the unrest in North Carolina due to the Regulator Movement, likely prompted Boone to extend his exploration."
},
{
"section_header": "Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina | Marriage and family",
"text": "The hunt followed a network of bison migration trails, known as the Medicine Trails."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Symbol and stereotype",
"text": "In popular mythology, Boone became the first to explore and settle Kentucky, opening the way for countless others to follow."
},
{
"section_header": "Kentucky",
"text": "Afterward, Henderson hired Boone and Cutbirth to blaze what became known as the Wilderness Road, which went through the Cumberland Gap and into central Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. October 22] – September 26, 1820) was an American pioneer, explorer, woodsman, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Kentucky",
"text": "Boone, however, continued hunting and exploring Kentucky until his return to North Carolina in 1771, and returned to hunt there again in the autumn of 1772."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Emergence as a legend",
"text": "Based on interviews with Boone, Filson's book contained a mostly factual account of Boone's adventures from the exploration of Kentucky through the American Revolution."
}
] |
Boone is known for exploring and discovering Virginia.
| 2 | 4 |
Daniel Boone
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "On 28 September 1810, Hidalgo arrived at the city of Guanajuato with rebels, who were, for the most part, armed with sticks, stones, and machetes."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "The insurgents overwhelmed the defenses after two days and killed everyone inside, an estimated 400 – 600 men, women and children."
}
] |
QNqmbBs4BBZ1Girm8AS1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor (8 May 1753 – 30 July 1811), more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or Miguel Hidalgo (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel iˈðalɣo]), was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest, a leader of the Mexican War of Independence, and recognized as the Father of the Nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "This caused friction between Allende and Hidalgo as early as the capture of San Miguel in late September 1810."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Hidalgo was the second-born child of Don Cristóbal Hidalgo y Costilla and Doña Ana María Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla had the unique distinction of being a father in three senses of the word: a priestly father in the Roman Catholic Church, a biological father who produced illegitimate children in violation of his clerical vows, and the father of his country."
},
{
"section_header": "Retreat from Mexico City",
"text": "Fearful of losing the support of his army, Hidalgo responded that he had never departed from Church doctrine in the slightest degree."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "Hidalgo permitted Indians and mestizos to join his war in such numbers that the original motives of the Querétaro group were obscured."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "However, Hidalgo's actions and the people's response, meant he would lead and not Allende."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "Hidalgo argued that the objective of the war was \"to send the gachupines back to the motherland\" because their greed and tyranny lead to the temporal and spiritual degradation of the Mexicans."
},
{
"section_header": "Retreat from Mexico City",
"text": "Hidalgo had between 80,000 and 100,000 men and 95 cannons, but the better trained royalists decisively defeated the insurgent army, forcing Hidalgo to flee towards Aguascalientes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Francisco"
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "On 28 September 1810, Hidalgo arrived at the city of Guanajuato with rebels, who were, for the most part, armed with sticks, stones, and machetes."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "The insurgents overwhelmed the defenses after two days and killed everyone inside, an estimated 400 – 600 men, women and children."
}
] |
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla lead a group of freedom fighters, but never let them murder between four and six hundred innocent lads, ladies, and kids.
| 0 | 3 |
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France."
}
] |
QOLjmoC0wMhGfcWaBdRP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Prison regime",
"text": "The length of time that a typical prisoner was kept at the Bastille continued to decline, and by Louis XVI's reign"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Prison regime",
"text": "Contrary to its later image, conditions for prisoners in the Bastille by the mid-18th century were in fact relatively benign, particularly by the standards of other prisons of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Prison regime",
"text": "Prisoners would still be expected to sign a document on their release, promising not to talk about the Bastille or their time within it, but by the 1780s this agreement was frequently broken."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Prison regime",
"text": "Even for the commoners, this sum was around twice the daily wage of a labourer and provided for an adequate diet, while the upper classes ate very well: even critics of the Bastille recounted many excellent meals, often taken with the governor himself."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille",
"text": "The commander of the Bastille at the time was Bernard-René de Launay, a conscientious but minor military officer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Use of the prison",
"text": "The Bastille was unusual among Parisian prisons in that it acted on behalf of the king – prisoners could therefore be imprisoned secretly, for longer, and without normal judicial processes being applied, making it a useful facility for the police authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reign of Louis XIV and the Regency (1661–1723)",
"text": "Under Louis, only between 20 and 50 prisoners were usually held at the Bastille at any one time, although as many as 111 were held for a short period in 1703."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Criticism and reform",
"text": "The number of prisoners held in the Bastille at any one time declined sharply towards the end of Louis's reign; the prison contained ten prisoners in September 1782 and, despite a mild increase at the beginning of 1788, by July 1789 only seven prisoners remained in custody."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Use of the prison",
"text": "The Bastille was also used to store the Parisian police archives; public order equipment such as chains and flags; and illegal goods, seized by order of the crown using a version of the \"lettre de cachet\", such as banned books and illicit printing presses."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI (1723–1789) | Use of the prison",
"text": "Although appointed by the king, the governor reported to the lieutenant general of police: the first of these, Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie, made only occasional visits to the Bastille, but his successor, Marquis d'Argenson, and subsequent officers used the facility extensively and took a close interest in inspections of the prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France."
}
] |
The Bastille was used as a prison at times.
| 1 | 3 |
Bastille
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2009–2010: Sonny with a Chance and Here We Go Again",
"text": "Lovato was featured alongside Jonas Brothers, Miley Cyrus and Selena Gomez on the song \"Send It On\", a charity single and the theme song for Disney's Friends for Change."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2009–2010: Sonny with a Chance and Here We Go Again",
"text": "All proceeds from the song were donated to environmental charities supported by the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund."
}
] |
QON4D3RicruHUSFHdlz4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "Lovato contributed to The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones soundtrack album with \"Heart by Heart\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health | 2018 overdose",
"text": "\"Lovato later revealed in an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show that her worsened struggles with bulimia in 2018 contributed to her eventual drug overdose, as she relapsed three months prior to the incident due to being extremely unhappy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health",
"text": "In April 2011, Lovato became a contributing editor for Seventeen magazine, writing an article that described her struggles."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "In May 2014, Lovato was named the LA Pride Parade Grand Marshal and the lead performer for NYC Pride Week for her contribution to the LGBT community."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "In April 2012 she became a contributing editor of Seventeen magazine, describing her personal struggles to its female teenage audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health | 2018 overdose",
"text": "and I asked for help and I didn't receive the help that I needed."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health | 2018 overdose",
"text": "Lovato also explained that, along with the controlling nature of her management team, they did not provide her with the help she needed: \"People checking what my orders at Starbucks were on my bank statements... just little things like that... it led me to being really unhappy and my bulimia got really bad"
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "refreshing [she doesn't need Auto-Tune] to mask any lack of natural ability."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": ", Ryan Tedder stated, \"Demi blew me out of the water vocally!"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2014: Demi and Glee",
"text": "The third and fourth singles from Demi, \"Neon Lights\" and \"Really Don't Care\", both peaked in the top forty of the US, and at number one in the country's Dance Club Songs chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2009–2010: Sonny with a Chance and Here We Go Again",
"text": "Lovato was featured alongside Jonas Brothers, Miley Cyrus and Selena Gomez on the song \"Send It On\", a charity single and the theme song for Disney's Friends for Change."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2009–2010: Sonny with a Chance and Here We Go Again",
"text": "All proceeds from the song were donated to environmental charities supported by the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund."
}
] |
Demi Lovato contributed vocals with other famous musicians on a tune that resulted in funds being contributed to help the environment.
| 0 | 0 |
Demi Lovato
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The towers feature a double decker skybridge connecting the two towers on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest 2-story bridge in the world."
}
] |
QOPAr7S3AEzbVrtEUQoT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The towers feature a double decker skybridge connecting the two towers on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest 2-story bridge in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers remain the tallest twin towers in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "The second attempt on 20 March 2007, exactly 10 years later, was also stopped on the same floor, though on the other tower."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Don: The Chase Begins Again were also filmed in the Petronas Towers and its skybridge."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture",
"text": "Tower 2 (Samsung C&T) became the first to reach the world's tallest building at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The skybridge also acts as a safety device, so that in the event of a fire or other emergency in one tower, tenants can evacuate by crossing the skybridge to the other tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The buildings are a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, along with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower; they remain the tallest buildings in Kuala Lumpur."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "Instead of being directly connected to the towers, the skybridge can shift or slide in and out of them to counterbalance any effect from the wind."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers (Malay: Menara Petronas, or Menara Berkembar Petronas), are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "After being constructed on the ground, the skybridge was lifted into place on the towers over a period of three days in July 1995."
}
] |
The Petronas Towers have the tallest second story skybridge.
| 2 | 9 |
Petronas Towers
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is notable for its controversial subject: the protagonist and unreliable narrator, a middle-aged literature professor under the pseudonym Humbert Humbert, is obsessed with a 12-year-old girl, Dolores Haze, with whom he becomes sexually involved after he becomes her stepfather. \" Lolita\" is his private nickname for Dolores."
}
] |
QOUwmzAe8XfrxYVDAhGJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Erotic motifs and controversy",
"text": "Books focused on the history of erotic literature such as Michael Perkins' The Secret Record: Modern Erotic Literature also so classify Lolita."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is notable for its controversial subject: the protagonist and unreliable narrator, a middle-aged literature professor under the pseudonym Humbert Humbert, is obsessed with a 12-year-old girl, Dolores Haze, with whom he becomes sexually involved after he becomes her stepfather. \" Lolita\" is his private nickname for Dolores."
},
{
"section_header": "Erotic motifs and controversy",
"text": "The same description of the novel is found in Desmond Morris's reference work The Book of Ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Erotic motifs and controversy",
"text": "A survey of books for Women's Studies courses describes it as a \"tongue-in-cheek erotic novel\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication and reception",
"text": "In 2008, an entire book was published on the best ways to teach the novel in a college classroom given that \"its particular mix of narrative strategies, ornate allusive prose, and troublesome subject matter complicates its presentation to students\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has also been adapted several times for the stage and has been the subject of two operas, two ballets, and an acclaimed but commercially unsuccessful Broadway musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication and reception",
"text": "Because of its subject matter, Nabokov intended to publish it pseudonymously (although the anagrammatic character Vivian Darkbloom would tip off the alert reader)."
},
{
"section_header": "Erotic motifs and controversy",
"text": "Lolita is characterized by irony and sarcasm; it is not an erotic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Erotic motifs and controversy",
"text": "The Great Soviet Encyclopedia called Lolita \"an experiment in combining an erotic novel with an instructive novel of manners\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Erotic motifs and controversy",
"text": "Lolita is frequently described as an \"erotic novel\", both by some critics but also in a standard reference work on literature Facts on File: Companion to the American Short Story."
}
] |
Lolita is a book that has a controversial subject.
| 0 | 0 |
Lolita
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Hall of Famer, Clarke played for and managed both the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] |
QOil3mzvhlagM8KFsZV4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh",
"text": "In 1900, Clarke joined the Pittsburgh Pirates as a player and manager, roles he would embrace until his retirement in 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fred Clifford Clarke (October 3, 1872 – August 14, 1960) was an American Major League Baseball player from 1894 to 1915 and manager from 1897 to 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "Fred Clarke was selected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as one of the first to be elected by the Old-Timers Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Hall of Famer, Clarke played for and managed both the Louisville Colonels and Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of the nine pennants in Pittsburgh franchise history, Clarke was the player-manager for four of them."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "Fred Clarke died in Winfield at age 87."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Fred Clarke was born on a farm near Winterset, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "During the 1926 season, several players felt that Clarke was trying to undermine McKechnie and become manager once again."
},
{
"section_header": "Pittsburgh",
"text": "In addition to the four pennants and one World Series, Clarke managed Pittsburgh to five second-place seasons, three third-place seasons, and two 100-win seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "After his playing days",
"text": "After his managing days ended in 1915, Clarke returned to his \"Little Pirate Ranch\" near Winfield, Kansas, which he had purchased with a down payment during his first year in the majors."
}
] |
Fred Clarke was a baseball player and manager for the Pittsburgh Pirates.
| 0 | 0 |
Fred Clarke
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A charge that is moving parallel to a current of other charges experiences a force perpendicular to its own velocity."
}
] |
QPTfsFVG0xwHwtpb52OS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on current-carrying wire",
"text": "The force on a current carrying wire is similar to that of a moving charge as expected since a current carrying wire is a collection of moving charges."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Magnetic field due to moving charges and electric currents",
"text": "The magnetic field generated by a steady current I (a constant flow of electric charges, in which charge neither accumulates nor is depleted at any point) is described by the Biot–Savart law: B"
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on a charged particle",
"text": "A charged particle moving in a B-field experiences a sideways force that is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field, the component of the velocity that is perpendicular to the magnetic field and the charge of the particle."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on a charged particle",
"text": "Because the magnetic force is always perpendicular to the motion, the magnetic field can do no work on an isolated charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on current-carrying wire",
"text": "so, for N charges where so, for N charges where N ="
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism: the relationship between magnetic and electric fields | Magnetic vector potential",
"text": "The vector potential A may be interpreted as a generalized potential momentum per unit charge just as φ is interpreted as a generalized potential energy per unit charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Magnetic field due to moving charges and electric currents",
"text": "All moving charged particles produce magnetic fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on a charged particle",
"text": "It is often claimed that the magnetic force can do work to a non-elementary magnetic dipole, or to charged particles whose motion is constrained by other forces, but this is incorrect because the work in those cases is performed by the electric forces of the charges deflected by the magnetic field."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Force on moving charges and current | Force on current-carrying wire",
"text": "Consider a conductor of length ℓ, cross section A, and charge q due to electric current i."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and electric currents | Magnetic field due to moving charges and electric currents",
"text": "Moving point charges, such as electrons, produce complicated but well known magnetic fields that depend on the charge, velocity, and acceleration of the particles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A charge that is moving parallel to a current of other charges experiences a force perpendicular to its own velocity."
}
] |
A magnetic field is a vector field and a charge that intersects to a current of other charges.
| 0 | 0 |
Magnetic field
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Produced in 415 BC during the Peloponnesian War, it is often considered a commentary on the capture of the Aegean island of Melos and the subsequent slaughter and subjugation of its populace by the Athenians earlier that year (see History of Milos)."
}
] |
QQDrZt4kePfqvlGEmYdt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "His play is called Trojan Women: A Love Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Throughout the play, many of the Trojan women lament the loss of the land that reared them."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "The Gate to Women's Country. Christine Evans reworks and modernizes the Trojan Women story in her 2009 play Trojan Barbie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The four Trojan women of the play are the same that appear in the final book of the Iliad lamenting over the corpse of Hector."
},
{
"section_header": "Additional resources",
"text": "Mortal Women of the Trojan War, information on each of the Trojan women"
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "Cypriot-Greek director Mihalis Kakogiannis used Euripides' play (in the famous Edith Hamilton translation) as the basis for his 1971 film The Trojan Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Trojan Women was the third tragedy of a trilogy dealing with the Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "In an attempt to reposition The Trojan Women as the third play of a trilogy, Stuttard then reconstructed Euripides’ lost Alexandros and Palamedes (in 2005 and 2006 respectively), to form a 'Trojan Trilogy', which was performed in readings at the British Museum and Tristan Bates Theatre (2007), and Europe House, Smith Square (2012), London."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "Sheri Tepper wove The Trojan Women into her feminist science fiction novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "What follows shows how much the Trojan women have suffered as their grief is compounded when the Greeks dole out additional deaths and divide their shares of women."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Produced in 415 BC during the Peloponnesian War, it is often considered a commentary on the capture of the Aegean island of Melos and the subsequent slaughter and subjugation of its populace by the Athenians earlier that year (see History of Milos)."
}
] |
The Trojan Women was a play that was made because the real soldiers of Athens weren't very nice people.
| 0 | 0 |
The Trojan Women
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story, which is set during the American Civil War, is known for its irregular time sequence and twist ending."
}
] |
QQK3wBHTvO0L7yv5XYhc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" (1890) is a short story by the American writer and Civil War veteran Ambrose Bierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story, which is set during the American Civil War, is known for its irregular time sequence and twist ending."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Peyton Farquhar, a civilian and plantation owner, is being prepared for execution by hanging from an Alabama railroad bridge during the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos",
"text": "In 2006, the DVD Ambrose Bierce: Civil War Stories was released, which contains adaptations of three of Ambrose Bierce's short stories, among them \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" directed by Brian James Egan."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Author Kurt Vonnegut wrote in 2005: \"I consider anybody a twerp who hasn't read the greatest American short story, which is '[An] Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,' by Ambrose Bierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It isn't remotely political. It is a flawless example of American genius, like 'Sophisticated Lady' by Duke Ellington or the Franklin stove.\" Several adaptations of \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\" have been produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "It is later revealed that they are in fact part of an experiment and the entire situation is taking place in their minds."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "It is a somber outlaw ballad that was inspired by the story \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 1936, the radio series The Columbia Workshop broadcast an adaptation of \"An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Movies, television, and videos",
"text": "\"An Incident at Owl Creek\" was a 2010 episode of the TV series American Dad!"
}
] |
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge takes places during the American Civil War.
| 2 | 4 |
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Threats to Lily's reputation exist because of her tendency to push the limits of polite and acceptable behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As she makes an effort to explain away the social chances she takes, she becomes easy prey for her enemies to misrepresent her intention and behavior."
}
] |
QQQYw10Fek44thhAX5mM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The commercial and critical success of The House of Mirth solidified Wharton's reputation as a major novelist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carol Singley, in her introduction to Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth: A Case Book states \"[The House of Mirth] is a unique blend of romance, realism, and naturalism, [and thus] transcends the narrow classification of a novel of manners."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On her last day at Bellomont, Lily creates threats to her social standing."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "\" The next day, Lily receives two notes—one from Judy Trenor inviting her to dine that evening at her town house and the other from Selden—asking to meet with her the following day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The House of Mirth was Wharton's second published novel, preceded by two novellas, The Touchstone (1900) and Sanctuary (1903), and The Valley of Decision (1902)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "The House of Mirth spotlights social context as equally important to the development of the story's purpose, as the heroine."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Edith Wharton's The House of Mirth(1995) adapted for the stage by Dawn Keeler."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "One was the fact that New York society in the nineties was a field as yet unexploited by a novelist who had grown up in that little hot-house of tradition and conventions; and the other, that as yet these traditions and conventions were unassailed, and tacitly regarded as unassailable."
},
{
"section_header": "Background, theme, and purpose",
"text": "The final title Wharton chose for the novel was The House of Mirth (1905), taken from the Old Testament: The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning; but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The House of Mirth traces Lily's slow two-year social descent from privilege to a tragically lonely existence on the margins of society."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Threats to Lily's reputation exist because of her tendency to push the limits of polite and acceptable behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As she makes an effort to explain away the social chances she takes, she becomes easy prey for her enemies to misrepresent her intention and behavior."
}
] |
In Wharton's House of Mirth, Lily does not comply with the social conventions of the day.
| 0 | 0 |
The House of Mirth
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "While their relationship is volatile and sometimes violent, Janie finally has the marriage with love that she wanted."
}
] |
QR73RB8B3hSHIwEatnN3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel by American writer Zora Neale Hurston."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "William M. Ramsey, in his article \"The compelling ambivalence of Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "In the article \"Naming and Power in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes were Watching God,\" Sigrid King comments that \"Naming has always been an important issue in the Afro-American tradition because of its link to the exercise of power."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "While their relationship is volatile and sometimes violent, Janie finally has the marriage with love that she wanted."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations and influences",
"text": "Perhaps the strongest inspiration for Hurston's writing of Their Eyes Were Watching God was her former lover Percival Punter."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Initial reception",
"text": "Hurston's political views in Their Eyes Were Watching God were met with resistance from several leading Harlem Renaissance authors."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations and influences",
"text": "Hurston wrote Their Eyes Were Watching God three weeks after the tumultuous conclusion of her relationship with Punter."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "The article \"The Cognitive Construction of the Self in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God\", by Patrick S. Bernard, highlights the connection between the construction of self and cognition in Hurston's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "In the article “‘The Kiss of Memory': The Problem of Love in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God,” author Tracy L. Bealer argues that Janie's quest for her ideal form of love, as symbolized by the pear tree in bloom, is impossible within her existing sociohistorical environment."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "Bernard's main point therefore is that self-construction is influenced by cognition, that is, knowing, thinking, seeing and speaking are important to the construction of self in Zora Neale Hurston's novel."
}
] |
The heroine of Zora Neal Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God wants to be in a relationship that is about love, not a marriage of convenience.
| 2 | 2 |
Their Eyes Were Watching God
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A book is a sneeze\". When White met the spider who originally inspired Charlotte, he called her Charlotte Epeira (after Epeira sclopetaria, the Grey Cross spider, now known as Larinioides sclopetarius), before discovering that the more modern name for that genus was Aranea."
}
] |
QRVrzK8HmcRO3UzOwaWB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Charlotte A. Cavatica, or simply Charlotte, is a spider who befriends Wilbur."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Death",
"text": "Death is a major theme seen throughout Charlotte's Web and is brought forth by that of the spider, Charlotte's web."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Although they were born at the barn, all but three of them (Aranea, Joy, and Nellie) go their own ways by ballooning."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A book is a sneeze\". When White met the spider who originally inspired Charlotte, he called her Charlotte Epeira (after Epeira sclopetaria, the Grey Cross spider, now known as Larinioides sclopetarius), before discovering that the more modern name for that genus was Aranea."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charlotte's Web is a children's novel by American author E. B. White and illustrated by Garth Williams; it was published on October 15, 1952, by Harper & Brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "rival at the fair. Charlotte's children are the 514 children of Charlotte."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He is befriended by a barn spider named Charlotte, whose web sits in a doorway overlooking Wilbur's enclosure."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Charlotte's Web has become White's most famous book; but White treasured his privacy and that of the farmyard and barn that helped inspire the novel, which have been kept off limits to the public according to his wishes."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Death",
"text": "These worlds are that of life and death."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the novel, Charlotte gives her full name as \"Charlotte A. Cavatica\", revealing her as a barn spider, an orb-weaver with the scientific name Araneus cavaticus."
}
] |
The inspiration for the character, Charlotte, in Charlotte's Web was born after the author encountered a spider in real life.
| 4 | 5 |
Charlotte's Web
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "More than half of the original Erie Canal was destroyed or abandoned at the time of construction of the New York State Barge Canal in the early 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "The waterway today referred to as the Erie Canal is quite different from the nineteenth-century Erie Canal."
}
] |
QS8IMCmkaMBVBH7FLQhp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "More than half of the original Erie Canal was destroyed or abandoned at the time of construction of the New York State Barge Canal in the early 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "The waterway today referred to as the Erie Canal is quite different from the nineteenth-century Erie Canal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1918, the western part of the canal was enlarged to become part of the New York State Barge Canal, which also extended to the Hudson River running parallel to the eastern half of the Erie Canal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has an elevation difference of about 565 feet (172 m)."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Additionally, New York State's initial loan for the original canal had been paid by 1837."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal)."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century | New York State Canal System",
"text": "While part of the Thruway, the canal system was operated using money generated by Thruway tolls."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Engineering requirements",
"text": "Along its course and from these lakes, other Great Lakes, and to a lesser degree, related rivers, a large part of the continent's interior (and many settlements) would be made well connected to the Eastern seaboard."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century",
"text": "This new canal replaced much of the original route, leaving many abandoned sections (most notably between Syracuse and Rome)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes."
}
] |
A great part of the original canal was destroyed, and the new canal is very different.
| 3 | 7 |
Erie Canal
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After leaving the Seals, Vaughan bought a ranch in Eagleville, California, where he retired to fish, hunt and tend cattle."
}
] |
QT1lUZTAcjIn1wSkYJw9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Rookie year",
"text": "Vaughan began the 1932 season as the backup to the Pirates' starting shortstop, Tommy Thevenow."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Remaining Pirates career",
"text": "In the 1941 All-Star Game, Vaughan hit two home runs, but was upstaged by a ninth-inning, three-run homer by American Leaguer Ted Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Brooklyn Dodgers | Clash of personalities",
"text": "After the season, he left the team, retiring to his ranch."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After leaving the Seals, Vaughan bought a ranch in Eagleville, California, where he retired to fish, hunt and tend cattle."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Brooklyn Dodgers | Comeback",
"text": "He played the 1949 season with Pacific Coast League's San Francisco Seals before retiring for good."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Legacy",
"text": "Vaughan retired with 1,173 runs scored, 96 home runs, 926 RBI, 118 steals, a .318 batting average,.406 on-base percentage and .453 slugging percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Vaughan was 40.Vaughan's nephew Glenn Vaughan had a brief major league career with the Houston Colt .45s in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | 1935",
"text": "In 1935, Vaughan had what is universally recognized as his best season."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor leagues",
"text": "On April 7, 1932, Vaughan was acquired from the Oilers by the Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Establishing himself",
"text": "Vaughan solidified his position as the Pirates' starting shortstop in 1933."
}
] |
Vaughan began his retirement in Miami where he purchased a large house.
| 1 | 5 |
Arky Vaughan
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "As a child, Brooks often sang in casual family settings, but his primary focus was athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "At their home in Yukon, Oklahoma, the family hosted weekly talent nights."
}
] |
QT7kwxGqdygjBZ90S89J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Charitable activities",
"text": "The organization breaks down into three categories spanning three different sports: Touch '"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–08: Compilation albums and special performances",
"text": "The first concert (of the five) titled Garth Brooks: Live in LA was taped and broadcast repeatedly on CBS with all donations going to all of the victims and families in state of California who were impacted by the fires."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Charitable activities",
"text": "It was held at Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "At their home in Yukon, Oklahoma, the family hosted weekly talent nights."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1995–98: More albums released and second world tour",
"text": "The album's lead single, \"She's Every Woman\" peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart; however, its follow-up single"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "As a child, Brooks often sang in casual family settings, but his primary focus was athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–04: Scarecrow and retirement",
"text": "As his career flourished, Brooks seemed frustrated by the conflicts between career and family."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2009–2013: Las Vegas concert residency",
"text": "The schedule allowed Brooks both to have the family life during the week and to continue to perform on the weekend."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "The couple had two children together, Kelly and Garth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Troubled by conflicts between career and family, Brooks retired from recording and performing from 2001 until 2005."
}
] |
Aptitude for arts and sports was nurtured in Garth Brooks' family growing up.
| 2 | 4 |
Garth Brooks
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and The Song of the Lark. The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th century."
}
] |
QTb1KPdl1KQeqQOg0xWP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books",
"text": "and My Antonia: A student casebook to issues, sources, and historical documents Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, ISBN 0-313-31390-3"
},
{
"section_header": "Narration",
"text": "The Pioneer Woman's Story, V Cuzak's Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Jake, a farmhand from Virginia, rides with the 10-year-old boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "His wife is sure life will be better for her children in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "My Antonia, a 1995 made-for-television movie, was adapted from the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cather was praised for bringing the American West to life and making it personally interesting."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and literary significance",
"text": "Cather was praised for bringing the American West to life and making it personally interesting."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He attends the new state university in Lincoln, where his mind is opened to a new intellectual life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The pressures of the new life are too much for Mr. Shimerda, who kills himself before the winter is finished."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to the novel",
"text": "The French songwriter and singer, Dominique A, wrote a song inspired by the novel, called \"Antonia\" (from the LP Auguri, 2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and The Song of the Lark. The novel tells the stories of an orphaned boy from Virginia, Jim Burden, and the elder daughter in a family of Bohemian immigrants, Ántonia Shimerda, who are each brought as children to be pioneers in Nebraska towards the end of the 19th century."
}
] |
My Antonia talks about the life of a boy in Connecticut.
| 2 | 5 |
My Antonia
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Monroe died between 8:30 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. on August 4, and the toxicology report showed that the cause of death was acute barbiturate poisoning."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Due to these facts and the lack of any indication of foul play, deputy coroner Thomas Noguchi classified her death as a probable suicide."
}
] |
QV0XIZQyAjMr0fAPNzoS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1950–1952: Breakthrough years",
"text": "In We're Not Married! , her role as a beauty pageant contestant was created solely to \"present Marilyn in two bathing suits\", according to its writer Nunnally Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1950–1952: Breakthrough years",
"text": "He died of a heart attack only days later, which left her devastated."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "According to Lois Banner, \"it's said that the suicide rate in Los Angeles doubled the month after she died; the circulation rate of most newspapers expanded that month\", and the Chicago Tribune reported that they had received hundreds of phone calls from members of the public who were requesting information about her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1944–1949: Modeling and first film roles",
"text": "Monroe's contract began in August 1946, and she and Lyon selected the stage name \"Marilyn Monroe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Monroe died between 8:30 p.m. and 10:30 p.m. on August 4, and the toxicology report showed that the cause of death was acute barbiturate poisoning."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1956–1959: Critical acclaim and marriage to Arthur Miller",
"text": "Marilyn Monroe has finally proved herself an actress.\" She also received a Golden Globe for Best Actress nomination for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On August 4, 1962, she died at age 36 from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marilyn Monroe (; born Norma Jeane Mortenson; June 1, 1926 – August 4, 1962) was an American actress, model, and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1956–1959: Critical acclaim and marriage to Arthur Miller",
"text": "It was better received in Europe, where she was awarded the Italian David di Donatello and the French Crystal Star awards and was nominated for a BAFTA.After returning from England, Monroe took an 18-month hiatus to concentrate on family life."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1954–1955: Conflicts with 20th Century-Fox and marriage to Joe DiMaggio",
"text": "After filming for The Seven Year Itch wrapped up in November 1954, Monroe left Hollywood for the East Coast, where she and photographer Milton Greene founded their own production company, Marilyn Monroe Productions (MMP)—an"
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Due to these facts and the lack of any indication of foul play, deputy coroner Thomas Noguchi classified her death as a probable suicide."
}
] |
Marilyn Monroe died of her own accord.
| 1 | 3 |
Marilyn Monroe
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He has become an alcoholic, and drowns in Chapter IV while returning from a tavern."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "She is \"an anxious, spare, yet vigorous old woman, clean as a snowdrop.\" Thias (Matthias) Bede is Adam's and Seth's father."
}
] |
QVTFVFDmtF6TPT3dgdtz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "A critical commentary on George Eliot's Adam Bede."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adam Bede, the first novel written by George Eliot (the pen name of Mary Ann Evans), was published in 1859."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Adam Bede free PDF of Blackwood's 1878 Cabinet Edition (the critical standard with Eliot's final corrections) at the George Eliot Archive Jones, Robert Tudor (1968)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Eliot, George (1859). Eliot, George (1859). Adam Bede (1st ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "George Eliot Adam Bede, The \"Mill on the Floss\", \"Middlemarch\" (Columbia Critical Guides)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He is 26 years old at the beginning of the novel, and bears an \"expression of large-hearted intelligence.\" Seth Bede is Adam's younger brother, and is also a carpenter, but he is not particularly competent, and \"... his glance, instead of being keen, is confiding and benign.\" Lisbeth Bede is Adam's and Seth's mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "She is \"an anxious, spare, yet vigorous old woman, clean as a snowdrop.\" Thias (Matthias) Bede is Adam's and Seth's father."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Contemporary reviewers, often influenced by nostalgia for the earlier period represented in Bede, enthusiastically praised Eliot's characterisations and realistic representations of rural life."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Jonathan Burge is Adam's employer at a carpentry workshop."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The Bede family: Adam Bede is described as a tall, stalwart, moral, and unusually competent carpenter."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He has become an alcoholic, and drowns in Chapter IV while returning from a tavern."
}
] |
In George Eliot's novel Adam Bede, Adam's dad is a drunk.
| 0 | 0 |
Adam Bede
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Arthur (Welsh: Brenin Arthur, Cornish: Arthur Gernow, Breton: Roue Arzhur) was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries."
}
] |
QVcdoD1MuYgVtJcblfUQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In these French stories, the narrative focus often shifts from King Arthur himself to other characters, such as various Knights of the Round Table."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Arthur (Welsh: Brenin Arthur, Cornish: Arthur Gernow, Breton: Roue Arzhur) was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Medieval literary traditions | Pre-Galfridian traditions",
"text": "The second is that the pre-Galfridian Arthur was a figure of folklore (particularly topographic or onomastic folklore) and localised magical wonder-tales, the leader of a band of superhuman heroes who live in the wilds of the landscape."
},
{
"section_header": "Medieval literary traditions | Romance traditions",
"text": "As such, Arthur became even more of a relatively minor character in these French prose romances; in the Vulgate itself he only figures significantly in the Estoire de Merlin and the Mort Artu."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "Neither the Historia nor the Annales calls him \"rex\": the former calls him instead \"dux bellorum\" (leader of battles) and \"miles\" (soldier).The consensus among academic historians today"
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Classical Latin Arcturus would also have become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh, and its brightness and position in the sky led people to regard it as the \"guardian of the bear\" (which is the meaning of the name in Ancient Greek) and the \"leader\" of the other stars in Boötes."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "The historical basis for King Arthur was long debated by scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "It is not even certain that Arthur was considered a king in the early texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 12th-century French writer Chrétien de Troyes, who added Lancelot and the Holy Grail to the story, began the genre of Arthurian romance that became a significant strand of medieval literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Medieval literary traditions | Romance traditions",
"text": "The most significant of these 13th-century prose romances was the Vulgate Cycle (also known as the Lancelot-Grail Cycle), a series of five Middle French prose works written in the first half of that century."
}
] |
King Arthur was an acclaimed French leader.
| 0 | 3 |
King Arthur
|
Literature
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Fatwa",
"text": "Despite a conciliatory statement by Iran in 1998, and Rushdie's declaration that he would stop living in hiding, the Iranian state news agency reported in 2006 that the fatwa would remain in place permanently since fatwas can only be rescinded by the person who first issued them, and Khomeini had since died."
}
] |
QVeFWylBWHUtTXF8bxtn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "These concepts confront all migrants, disillusioned with both cultures: the one they are in and the one they join."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "They did not invite the author Fay Weldon, who spoke out against burning books, but did invite Shabbir Akhtar, a Cambridge philosophy graduate who called for \"a negotiated compromise\" which \"would protect Muslim sensibilities against gratuitous provocation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "\" The work is an \"albeit surreal, record of its own author's continuing identity crisis.\" Ally said that the book reveals the author ultimately as \"the victim of nineteenth-century British colonialism.\" Rushdie himself spoke confirming this interpretation of his book, saying that it was not about Islam, \"but about migration, metamorphosis, divided selves, love, death, London and Bombay."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "Rushdie's own assumptions about the importance of literature parallel in the literal value accorded the written word in Islamic tradition to some degree."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Dream sequences",
"text": "One of these sequences contains most of the elements that have been criticised as offensive to Muslims."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was banned in India as hate speech directed toward a specific religious group."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "On 12 February 1989, a 10,000-strong protest against Rushdie and the book took place in Islamabad, Pakistan."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "Within the book he referenced everything from mythology to \"one-liners invoking recent popular culture\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Dream sequences",
"text": "They are linked together by many thematic details as well as by the common motifs of divine revelation, religious faith and fanaticism, and doubt."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Dream sequences",
"text": "A third dream sequence presents the figure of a fanatic expatriate religious leader, the \"Imam\", in a late-20th-century setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Fatwa",
"text": "Despite a conciliatory statement by Iran in 1998, and Rushdie's declaration that he would stop living in hiding, the Iranian state news agency reported in 2006 that the fatwa would remain in place permanently since fatwas can only be rescinded by the person who first issued them, and Khomeini had since died."
}
] |
The religious deathmark placed on the author has since been revoked after what modern practitioners of Islam call, "A big misunderstanding."
| 3 | 9 |
The Satanic Verses
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His father, George Manush, immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1878 and worked as a cabinet maker and carpenter for a railroad company."
}
] |
QViD9YKly4upYUeUFcfu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Manush was born in 1901 at Tuscumbia, Alabama, a city in the Florence–Muscle Shoals metropolitan area that is best known as the hometown of Helen Keller."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Emmett Manush (July 20, 1901 – May 12, 1971), nicknamed \"Heinie\", was an American baseball outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His mother, Kate Manush, was born in Wisconsin, the daughter of German immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His father, George Manush, immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1878 and worked as a cabinet maker and carpenter for a railroad company."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "The Senators lost the game in the 11th inning, and the ejection of Manush was bitterly denounced by the Senators after the loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Washington Senators",
"text": "In the first inning, Manush was walked by Carl Hubbell and executed a double steal with Charlie Gehringer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A native of Tuscumbia, Alabama, Manush was one of the best batters in baseball in the 1920s and 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Hall of Fame and legacy",
"text": "Manush was inducted into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame in 1964, and later posthumously into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "He also finished second behind Mickey Cochrane in close voting for the 1928 American League Most Valuable Player award, with Cochrane garnering 53 vote points to 51 for Manush."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "Manush spent the next five years as a player-manager in the Piedmont League for the Rocky Mount Red Sox in 1940, the Greensboro Red Sox in 1941 and 1942, the Roanoke Red Sox in 1943."
}
] |
The American baseball player Henry Emmett Manush was born in Alabama and his father was born in Germany.
| 0 | 0 |
Heinie Manush
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Content | Video games",
"text": "In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with Telltale Games to port its adventure games to the service in a streaming video format."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Video games",
"text": "In September 2018, Telltale underwent a \"majority studio closure\" and laid off nearly its entire staff beyond a skeleton crew of 25 employees, citing a loss of funding."
}
] |
QVr2OK5ArNbBOFFVX9mS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content | Video games",
"text": "In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with Telltale Games to port its adventure games to the service in a streaming video format."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Video games",
"text": "The games would be adapted to be similar to the existing interactive narrative stories that Netflix already offers, allowing simple controls through a television remote."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Video games",
"text": "The first such game, Minecraft: Story Mode, was expected to be released later in the year, and Telltale also received rights to produce a video game adaptation of Stranger Things for conventional gaming platforms."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Entertainment dominance, presence, and continued growth",
"text": "Qwikster would carry video games whereas Netflix did not."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "\" It was also announced that the re-branded service would add video game rentals."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early Netflix Original content",
"text": "Netflix has played a prominent role in independent film distribution."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitors",
"text": "In addition, Amazon now streams movies and television shows through Amazon Video (formerly Amazon Video On Demand and LOVEFiLM Instant).Redbox"
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Video games",
"text": "Netflix stated that while the Minecraft: Story Mode port would go on, the company was seeking alternate options for the Stranger Things project."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Video games",
"text": "In September 2018, Telltale underwent a \"majority studio closure\" and laid off nearly its entire staff beyond a skeleton crew of 25 employees, citing a loss of funding."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitors",
"text": "In the MENA region, Netflix competes with icflix, Starz Play Arabia, OSN's Wavo, and iflix Arabia."
}
] |
You can play video games through Netflix.
| 2 | 7 |
Netflix
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They have an older half-brother, John, and a younger sister, Margaret, 13."
}
] |
QVsfcDxDTXYnjaBnZskh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "In the chapter \"Sense and Sensibility: Opinions Too Common and Too Dangerous\" from her book Jane"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen, published in 1811."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Gene Ruoff's book Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility explores these issues in a book-length discussion of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "The article also differs from other reviews in that it claims that the \"prevailing merit\" of the book is not in its sketch of the two sisters; rather, the book is effective because of its \"excellent treatment of the subordinate characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Minor characters",
"text": "Margaret Dashwood – the youngest daughter of Mr and Mrs Henry Dashwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Development of the novel",
"text": "Jane West's A Gossip's Story (1796), which features one sister full of rational sense and another sister of romantic, emotive sensibility, is considered to have been an inspiration as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "William Galperin, in his book The History Austen, comments on the tendency of this system of patriarchal inheritance and earning as working to ensure the vulnerability of women."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "\"Feminist critics have long been engaged in conversations about Jane Austen, and Sense and Sensibility has figured in these discussions, especially around the patriarchal system of inheritance and earning."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "2009 : Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters is a mashup parody novel by Ben H. Winters, with Jane Austen credited as co-author."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Austen: Women, Politics, and the Novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They have an older half-brother, John, and a younger sister, Margaret, 13."
}
] |
Sense and Sensibility is a Jane Austen book about the youngest two Dashwood sisters as they become women.
| 0 | 0 |
Sense and Sensibility
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1957, the show became a hit on Broadway, winning five Tony Awards, including Best Musical, and running for 1,375 performances."
}
] |
QWQfbewrdAzgaP1edSPk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The cast album won the first Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album and spent 245 weeks on the Billboard charts."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The original cast recording was released by Capitol Records on January 20, 1958 in stereophonic & monaural versions and held the #1 spot on the Billboard charts for twelve weeks, remaining on the charts for a total of 245 weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1957, the show became a hit on Broadway, winning five Tony Awards, including Best Musical, and running for 1,375 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "Harold kisses her; when she tries to slap him, she accidentally hits Tommy instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In the Journal-American, John McClain deemed the show \"a whopping hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting and popular culture references",
"text": "The town is based in large part on Willson's birthplace, Mason City, Iowa, and many of the musical's characters are based on people that Willson observed in the town.."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "\"Till There Was You\" was covered by Anita Bryant in 1959 as a single for Carlton Records, reaching #30 on the Billboard Hot 100."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Subsequent productions",
"text": "A three-week revival, directed and choreographed by Michael Kidd, ran in June 1980, also at the New York City Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act I",
"text": "\" Professor\" Harold Hill is raised as one whose sales skills make him immune from such changes (\"Rock Island\")."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Television",
"text": "He says, on the DVD commentary track for the aforementioned Simpsons episode, that it was the hardest choice he's ever had to make professionally, because The Music Man is one of his favorites."
}
] |
It was a Broadway hit in '57 and spent many weeks on the Billboard charts.
| 1 | 3 |
The Music Man
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1966 miniseries"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Secret of the Hunchback, an animated film"
}
] |
QWctP2TVSNZwdkfaAVVU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1911 silent film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1986 Australian-American fantasy animated film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Music",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame soundtrack for the 1996 Disney film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame II,a sequel of the 1996 Disney movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1996 animated film by Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale and produced by Don Hahn"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1923 silent film starring Lon Chaney as Quasimodo, directed by Wallace Worsley, and produced by Carl Laemmle and Irving Thalberg"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1939 sound film starring Charles Laughton as Quasimodo and Maureen O'Hara as Esmeralda, directed by William Dieterle, and produced by Pandro S. Berman"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Secret of the Hunchback, an animated film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1956 French film starring Anthony Quinn as Quasimodo and Gina Lollobrigida as Esmeralda, directed by Jean Delannoy, and produced by Raymond Hakim and Robert Hakim"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1966 miniseries"
}
] |
The film The Hunchback of Notre Dame has a popular continuance and is available in a variety of forms.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail, but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business."
}
] |
QWgPYDkk91Z3G4dzV3mt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail, but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion",
"text": "Netflix grew as DVD sales fell from 2006 to 2011.Another contributing factor for the company's online DVD rental success"
},
{
"section_header": "Sales and marketing",
"text": "During Q1 2011, sales and rentals of DVDs and Blu-rays plunged about 35%, and the sell-through of packaged discs fell 19.99% to $2.07 billion, with more money spent on subscription than in-store rentals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix expanded its business in 2007 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Video on demand introduction, declining DVD sales, global expansion",
"text": "On October 1, 2006, Netflix offered a $1,000,000 prize to the first developer of a video-recommendation algorithm that could beat its existing algorithm Cinematch, at predicting customer ratings by more than 10%.In February 2007, the company delivered its billionth DVD, and began to move away from its original core business model of DVDs, by introducing video on demand via the Internet."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "Currently, Netflix's disc rental memberships range from $7.99 to $19.99/m, including a free one-month trial and unlimited DVD exchanges."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | History",
"text": "The company defended its decision during its initial announcement of the change:\"Given the long life we think DVDs by mail will have, treating DVDs as a $2 add-on to our unlimited streaming plan neither makes great financial sense nor satisfies people who just want DVDs."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "CEO Reed Hastings justified the decision, stating that \"we realized that streaming and DVD by mail are becoming two quite different businesses, with very different cost structures, different benefits that need to be marketed differently, and we need to let each grow and operate independently."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced that it would split out and rebrand its DVD-by-mail service as Qwikster."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "By 2016, Netflix had quietly rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name DVD.com, A Netflix Company."
}
] |
Its initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail.
| 1 | 3 |
Netflix
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Daisy Miller was an immediate and widespread popular success for James, despite some criticism that the story was \"an outrage on American girlhood\"."
}
] |
QX6fqFZXcacsOsxrKIwU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daisy Miller is a novel by Henry James that first appeared in Cornhill Magazine in June–July 1878, and in book form the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "Frederick Raphael wrote the script; the film follows the structure of the original story without significant changes, and even uses portions of James' dialogue from the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "A rap adaptation of Daisy Miller appears on Heavy Jamal's album Shining Sky Lobster."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "They are introduced by Randolph Miller, Daisy's nine-year-old brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Randolph considers their hometown of Schenectady, New York, to be absolutely superior to all of Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "In 1909, James revised Daisy Miller extensively for the New York Edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Key themes",
"text": "Henry James uses Daisy's story to discuss what he thinks Europeans and Americans believe about each other and more generally the prejudices common in any culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "The novella was adapted in 2017 as a five-part radio drama on BBC Radio 4 for its 15 Minute Drama's \"Love Henry James\" series."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Daisy feels disappointment and chaffs him, eventually asking him to visit her in Rome later that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Daisy Miller was an immediate and widespread popular success for James, despite some criticism that the story was \"an outrage on American girlhood\"."
}
] |
Daisy Miller is a novel by Henry James that first appeared in Cornhill Magazine in June–July 1878, and in book form the following year and was an considered a failure.
| 0 | 0 |
Daisy Miller
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Alternate versions",
"text": "They made script notes and made references to change some of the names, then the stamp went on and the door opened and we came.\" The film's theatrical release ran 160 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternate versions",
"text": "Deemed too long to show in a single three-hour block on television but too short to spread out over two nights, an extended version was created which runs 218 minutes."
}
] |
QXD6PNlXhsjEzf3bEAqx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "At one stage, he scoured the phone book for potential financiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Bernardo Bertolucci proposed the film to the Chinese government as one of two possible projects – the other was an adaptation of La Condition humaine (Man's Fate) by André Malraux."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternate versions",
"text": "Cinematographer Vittorio Storaro and director Bernardo Bertolucci have confirmed that this extended version was indeed created as a television miniseries and does not represent a \"director's cut\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "It probably is unforgivably bourgeois to admire a film because of its locations, but in the case of \"The Last Emperor\" the narrative cannot be separated from the awesome presence of the Forbidden City, and from Bertolucci's astonishing use of locations, authentic costumes and thousands of extras to create the everyday reality of this strange little boy.\" Jonathan Rosenbaum, comparing The Last Emperor favourably to Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun, claimed that \"[a]t best, apart from a few snapshots, Empire of the Sun teaches us something about the inside of one director's brain."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternate versions",
"text": "Deemed too long to show in a single three-hour block on television but too short to spread out over two nights, an extended version was created which runs 218 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "His prison camp commander, who helped him greatly during his rehabilitation, is one of the political prisoners now punished as an anti-revolutionary in the parade, forced to wear a dunce cap and a sandwich board bearing punitive slogans."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternate versions",
"text": "The Criterion Collection 2008 version of four DVDs adds commentary by Ian Buruma, composer David Byrne, and the Director's interview with Jeremy Isaacs (ASIN: B000ZM1MIW, ISBN 978-1-60465-014-3)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The Chinese preferred The Last Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Last Emperor had an unusual run in theatres."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "I think there is a relationship between these scenes in The Last Emperor and in 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternate versions",
"text": "They made script notes and made references to change some of the names, then the stamp went on and the door opened and we came.\" The film's theatrical release ran 160 minutes."
}
] |
There was an extremely lengthy version of The Last Emperor that clocked in too large to put on TV, so they re-cut an even lengthier version, as to more easily split it and put it on for more than one day's broadcast.
| 0 | 0 |
The Last Emperor
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Losses and compensation",
"text": "American losses were 2,260 killed in action and 4,505 wounded."
}
] |
QXt39g64iN9PanotDJXa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Memory and historiography | Popular views",
"text": "In a 2012 interview at The Christian Science Monitor, Donald Hickey said: \"By my count, we lost the War of 1812 and we lost Vietnam."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory and historiography | Historians' views",
"text": "Neither side wanted to continue fighting since the main causes had disappeared and since there were no large lost territories for one side or the other to reclaim by force."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences | United States",
"text": "This war enabled thousands of slaves to escape to freedom, despite the difficulties."
},
{
"section_header": "Forces | British",
"text": "The militias of Upper Canada and Lower Canada were initially far less effective, but substantial numbers of full-time militia were raised during the war and played pivotal roles in several engagements, including the Battle of the Chateauguay."
},
{
"section_header": "Long-term consequences | Indigenous nations",
"text": "The Native Americans allied to the British lost their cause."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of war | Atlantic theater | Single-ship actions",
"text": "Nevertheless, this engagement proved to the only single-ship action where both ships were of essentially equal force during the War of 1812."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of war | Great Lakes and Western Territories | Invasions of Upper and Lower Canada, 1812",
"text": "Brock was killed during the battle and British leadership suffered after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of war | Atlantic theater | Single-ship actions",
"text": "Notably, this action was by ratio one of the bloodiest contests recorded during this age of sail due to the close-range engagement, the boarding (hand-to-hand combat) and Broke's philosophy of artillery"
},
{
"section_header": "Course of war | Atlantic theater | Single-ship actions",
"text": "On 1 June 1813, Shannon took Chesapeake in a battle that lasted less than fifteen minutes in Boston Harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Course of war | Great Lakes and Western Territories | Niagara frontier, 1813",
"text": "Commodore Isaac Chauncey took charge of the thousands of sailors and shipwrights assigned there and recruited more from New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Losses and compensation",
"text": "American losses were 2,260 killed in action and 4,505 wounded."
}
] |
Less that one thousand Americans lost their life during the War of 1812.
| 1 | 1 |
War of 1812
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, Dandridge was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and, late in his life, Dandridge was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raymond Emmitt Dandridge (August 31, 1913 – February 12, 1994), nicknamed \"Hooks\" and \"Squat\", was an American third baseman in baseball's Negro leagues."
}
] |
QY8fmHcWuSNFZTJQip8r
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, Dandridge was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and, late in his life, Dandridge was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played several sports as a child, including baseball, football and boxing."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Dandridge lived for a while in Buffalo, New York, before he and his family returned to Richmond."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After sustaining a leg injury in football, Dandridge's father made him quit that sport."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played baseball locally for teams in Richmond's Church Hill district."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the time that Major League Baseball was racially integrated, Dandridge was considered too old to play."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Dandridge was one of the greatest fielders in the history of baseball, and one of the sport's greatest hitters for average."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He focused on baseball, often playing with a bat improvised from a tree branch and a golf ball wrapped in string and tape."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Because of the \"gentlemen's agreement\" not to allow African Americans in Major League Baseball, Dandridge was dismissed as being too old by the time of integration."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Raymond Emmitt Dandridge (August 31, 1913 – February 12, 1994), nicknamed \"Hooks\" and \"Squat\", was an American third baseman in baseball's Negro leagues."
}
] |
Ray Bandridge was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame and Virginia's Sports Hall of Fame before he passed away.
| 0 | 4 |
Ray Dandridge
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | World War II, death, and legacy",
"text": "His contract was due to expire in January 1946; on November 17, 1944, baseball's owners voted him another seven-year term."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | World War II, death, and legacy",
"text": "However, on November 25, he died surrounded by family, five days after his 78th birthday."
}
] |
QYTpi2HYdPMvAdG4ypvg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Washington years and aftermath (1893–1905)",
"text": "Kenesaw Landis had appeared before Judge Gresham in court."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | Policies as commissioner | Baseball color line",
"text": "Negro league historian John Holway termed Landis \"the hard-bitten Carolinian [sic]"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | Establishing control | Ruth-Meusel barnstorming incident",
"text": "He was willing to back his own popularity and well-known drawing powers against the Judge.\" Ruth, to the commissioner's irritation, did not contact Landis until October 15, one day before the first exhibition."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | Appointment | Search for a commissioner",
"text": "Under the terms of the contract, Landis could not be dismissed by the team owners, have his pay reduced, or even be criticized by them in public."
},
{
"section_header": "Judge (1905–1922) | Federal League and Baby Iraene cases (1909–1917)",
"text": "A lifelong baseball fan, Landis often slipped away from the courthouse for a White Sox or Cubs game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kenesaw Mountain Landis (; November 20, 1866 – November 25, 1944) was an American jurist who served as a United States federal judge from 1905 to 1922 and the first Commissioner of Baseball from 1920 until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | Appointment | Search for a commissioner",
"text": "The American League clubs that supported the plan threatened to move to the National League, away from Johnson, who opposed it."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | Establishing control | Banning the Black Sox",
"text": "Despite what Robert C. Cottrell, in his book on the scandal, terms \" the mysterious loss of evidence\" , the prosecution was determined to pursue the case, demanding five-year prison terms for the ballplayers for defrauding the public by throwing the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Judge (1905–1922) | Federal League and Baby Iraene cases (1909–1917)",
"text": "Spring training passed, as did the entire regular season and the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | Appointment | Black Sox scandal",
"text": "Cicotte and Jackson were called before the grand jury, where they gave statements incriminating themselves and six teammates: Williams, first baseman Chick Gandil, shortstop Swede Risberg, third baseman Buck Weaver, center fielder Happy Felsch and reserve infielder Fred McMullin."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | World War II, death, and legacy",
"text": "His contract was due to expire in January 1946; on November 17, 1944, baseball's owners voted him another seven-year term."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | World War II, death, and legacy",
"text": "However, on November 25, he died surrounded by family, five days after his 78th birthday."
}
] |
Kenesaw Landis finished his first term as baseball commissioner before he passed away.
| 0 | 0 |
Kenesaw Landis
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Television series | Rebels (2014–2018)",
"text": "When they meet, Ahsoka is overwhelmed when she recognizes Anakin under \"a layer of hate\" in Darth Vader."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Video games",
"text": "Darth Vader and Anakin Skywalker have appeared in a number of Star Wars since the earliest days of the franchise, though rarely as a playable character."
}
] |
QYXRjda09eHpHOfvRYIm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Television series | The Clone Wars (2008–2014, 2020)",
"text": "The final story arc from the seventh and final season overlaps with Revenge of the Sith and shows Anakin briefly reuniting with Ahsoka before taking part in the Battle of Coruscant and rescuing Palpatine, whilst Ahsoka leads part of the 501st Legion in the Siege of Mandalore to capture the former Sith Lord Maul, who has learned that Darth Sidious intends to make Anakin his new apprentice and seeks to kill him before this would happen."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Skywalker saga | Prequel trilogy",
"text": "Anakin then pledges himself to the Sith, and Palpatine dubs him Darth Vader."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Television series | Rebels (2014–2018)",
"text": "When they meet, Ahsoka is overwhelmed when she recognizes Anakin under \"a layer of hate\" in Darth Vader."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Legends | Comics",
"text": "In Boba Fett: Enemy of the Empire (1999), Vader hires Fett a few years before the events of A New Hope."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Skywalker saga | Sequel trilogy",
"text": "In The Rise of Skywalker, Anakin makes a vocal cameo, along with other \"voices of Jedi Past\", where he encourages Rey to \"bring back the balance... as [he] did\" before she faces a resurrected Palpatine."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Legends | Comics",
"text": "Anakin and Vader appear in the non-canonical Star Wars Tales (1999–2005); in the story Resurrection, Darth Maul is resurrected and faces Vader in battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Concept and writing",
"text": "Lucas has said that he knew Vader was Luke's father while writing the first film, though the relationship is not evidenced before said draft of The Empire Strikes Back."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Concept and writing",
"text": "Lucas was disappointed with the script, but Brackett died of cancer before he could discuss it with her."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Video games",
"text": "Darth Vader and Anakin Skywalker have appeared in a number of Star Wars since the earliest days of the franchise, though rarely as a playable character."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Television series | Clone Wars (2003–2005)",
"text": "During the third season, Anakin frees a planet's indigenous species from Separatist control and sees a cryptic vision of his future as Darth Vader."
}
] |
Before Darth Vader, there was Anakin, who despised him.
| 0 | 0 |
Darth Vader
|
History
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later years | Diamond Jubilee",
"text": "On 23 September 1896, Victoria surpassed her grandfather George III as the longest-reigning monarch in British history."
}
] |
QZCIoqCfSeyYkiOVENYy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "A week later her grandfather died and was succeeded by his eldest son as George IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Diamond Jubilee",
"text": "On 23 September 1896, Victoria surpassed her grandfather George III as the longest-reigning monarch in British history."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "Additional names proposed by her parents—Georgina (or Georgiana), Charlotte, and Augusta—were dropped on the instructions of Kent's eldest brother George, Prince Regent."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "Victoria's father was Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom, George III."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "Her daughter, also named Victoria, was born on 21 November 1840."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after the four eldest sons of George III: the Prince Regent (later George IV); Frederick, Duke of York; William, Duke of Clarence (later William IV); and Victoria's father, Edward, Duke of Kent."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by A. C. Benson, Hector Bolitho, George Earle Buckle, Lord Esher, Roger Fulford, and Richard Hough among others."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Honours | British honours",
"text": "Royal Family Order of King George IV, 1826"
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen.\" Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Namesakes",
"text": "Victoria Day is a Canadian statutory holiday and a local public holiday in parts of Scotland celebrated on the last Monday before or on 24 May (Queen Victoria's birthday)."
}
] |
Queen Victoria's grandfather was named George.
| 3 | 10 |
Queen Victoria
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Aircraft",
"text": "In 2017 the Patriots purchased two Boeing 767-300ERs for use as team planes, with one serving as the backup, which were ready in time for the 2017 NFL season."
}
] |
QZtVNmlJZtOMOgr0oyC7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston area."
},
{
"section_header": "Players of note | New England Patriots Hall of Fame members",
"text": "The New England Patriots feature 28 former players and two contributors in their team hall of fame, established in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Aircraft",
"text": "This made them the first team in league history to own their own planes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Patriots compete in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cheerleaders and mascot",
"text": "The Patriots' professional cheerleading squad is the New England Patriots Cheerleaders (NEPC) which represents the team in the NFL."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Aircraft",
"text": "The planes are known affectionately as \"AirKrafts\" after team owner Robert Kraft."
},
{
"section_header": "Players of note | New England Patriots Hall of Fame members",
"text": "Additionally, five of these Patriots players have also been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded in 1959 as the Boston Patriots, an original member of the American Football League (AFL), the team joined the NFL in the leagues' 1970 merger, then changed its name when it moved to Foxborough in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history",
"text": "When the NFL and AFL merged in 1970, the Patriots were placed in the American Football Conference (AFC) East division, where they still play today."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history",
"text": "The name was rejected by the NFL and on March 22, 1971, the team officially announced they would change its geographic name to New England."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Aircraft",
"text": "In 2017 the Patriots purchased two Boeing 767-300ERs for use as team planes, with one serving as the backup, which were ready in time for the 2017 NFL season."
}
] |
American football team The New England Patriots has twelve planes.
| 0 | 0 |
New England Patriots
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power."
}
] |
QaWFCouNylThFPc0UwjG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "Rhode Island's legislature selected four delegates to discuss \"the best means of cooperating for our mutual defense against the common enemy, and upon the measures which it may be in the power of said states, consistently with their obligations to adopt, to restore and secure to the people thereof, their rights and privileges under the Constitution of the United States\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Secession",
"text": "Despite this, the Madison administration had reasons to be concerned about the consequences of the Hartford Convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Convention report",
"text": "The Hartford Convention's final report proposed several amendments to the U.S. Constitution."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "On December 15, 1814 the delegates met in the Connecticut Senate's chamber at the Old State House in Hartford."
},
{
"section_header": "Call for a convention",
"text": "Otis' report was passed by the state senate on October 12 by a 22 to 12 vote and the house on October 16 by 260 to 20.A letter was sent to the other New England governors, inviting them to send delegates to a convention in Hartford, Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Opposition to the War of 1812",
"text": "Harrison Gray Otis, who inspired these measures, suggested that the eastern states meet at a convention in Hartford, Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative reception and legacy",
"text": "They quickly returned home. Thereafter, both Hartford Convention and Federalist Party became synonymous with disunion, secession, and treason, especially in the South."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hartford Convention was a series of meetings from December 15, 1814 to January 5, 1815, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which the New England Federalist Party met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative reception and legacy",
"text": "Historian Samuel Eliot Morison rejected the notion that the Hartford convention was an attempt to take New England out of the Union and give treasonous aid and comfort to Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative reception and legacy",
"text": "Hartford delegates intended for them to embarrass the President and the Democratic-Republicans in Congress—and also to serve as a basis for negotiations between New England and the rest of the country."
}
] |
The Hartford Convention was the first Women's Right for Suffrage event.
| 0 | 0 |
Hartford Convention
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball activities | Team ownership",
"text": "He and his brother Bobby also co-own the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes, a Los Angeles Dodgers Single-A partner, and lead ownership groups that control the Spokane Chiefs of the Western Hockey League, the West Coast League's Bellingham Bells, and the High Desert Mavericks of the California League."
}
] |
Qak5YvJ3IABQsP9wTxGs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Howard Brett (born May 15, 1953) is an American former professional baseball player who played 21 years, primarily as a third baseman, in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City Royals."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1999 he ranked Number 55 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball activities | Team ownership",
"text": "In 1998, an investor group headed by Brett and his older brother, Bobby, made an unsuccessful bid to purchase the Kansas City Royals."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "George grew up hoping to follow in the footsteps of his three older brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball activities | Team ownership",
"text": "He and his brother Bobby also co-own the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes, a Los Angeles Dodgers Single-A partner, and lead ownership groups that control the Spokane Chiefs of the Western Hockey League, the West Coast League's Bellingham Bells, and the High Desert Mavericks of the California League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although his three older brothers were born in Brooklyn, George was born in the northern panhandle of West Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Kansas City Royals (1973–1993) | 1975–1979",
"text": "A month later, he was on the cover of Sports Illustrated for a feature article, and made his first of 13 All-Star teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Brett began his professional baseball career as a shortstop, but had trouble going to his right defensively and was soon shifted to third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball activities",
"text": "In 1992, Brett married the former Leslie Davenport, and they reside in the Kansas City suburb of Mission Hills, Kansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball activities",
"text": "My Take which is presented by Barstool Sports."
}
] |
George Howard Brett is an American former professional baseball player who owns many sports teams with a brother.
| 0 | 0 |
George Brett
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of the Dashwood sisters, Elinor (age 19) and Marianne (age 16 1/2) as they come of age."
}
] |
QalBMGSjcA6uS1KWh5QW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 2013, Helen Edmundson adapted Sense and Sensibility for BBC Radio 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Development of the novel",
"text": "Jane West's A Gossip's Story (1796), which features one sister full of rational sense and another sister of romantic, emotive sensibility, is considered to have been an inspiration as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Main characters",
"text": "She represents the \"sense\" half of Austen's title Sense and Sensibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Main characters",
"text": "He is also contrasted by Austen as being \"a man resembling 'the hero of a favourite story'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Minor characters",
"text": "Henry Dashwood – a wealthy gentleman, man who dies at the beginning of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Main characters",
"text": "She becomes attached to Edward Ferrars, the brother-in-law of her elder half-brother, John."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "Sense and Sensibility criticism also includes ecocritical approaches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen, published in 1811."
},
{
"section_header": "Development of the novel",
"text": "She later changed the form to a narrative and the title to Sense and Sensibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical views",
"text": "In the chapter \"Sense and Sensibility: Opinions Too Common and Too Dangerous\" from her book Jane"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells the story of the Dashwood sisters, Elinor (age 19) and Marianne (age 16 1/2) as they come of age."
}
] |
Sense and Sensibility is a story about 4 brothers.
| 0 | 0 |
Sense and Sensibility
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Lyrics and themes",
"text": "Fem criticized the \"generic\" themes of Korean girl groups like Wonder Girls or Girls' Generation as \"sexist\": \" [They] infantilize themselves to emasculate males by pandering childlike, puritanical innocence [...]"
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Lyrics and themes",
"text": "\" Girls' Generation's songs have been criticized by Western media outlets for not portraying female empowerment but promoting the opposite."
}
] |
QbRRt6ntyGpYWZj5mtRa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Image",
"text": "A writer for the Korean Culture and Information Service deemed the group's image as \"sexy\" and \"girly\" \"goddesses that are hard to approach.\" John Seabrook from The New Yorker described Girls' Generation as \"a group of preppy-looking young women in skinny trousers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Girls' Generation has been regarded as a prominent figure in South Korean culture and the Korean Wave."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "To promote the album, the group starred in a South Korean reality television program titled Channel Girls' Generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Girls' Generation (Korean: 소녀시대; RR: Sonyeo Sidae), also known as SNSD, is a South Korean girl group formed by SM Entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In South Korea, they are credited as the lead female group that shifted the public's focus back to female idols after the Korean music industry experienced an influx of male idol groups from 2002 to 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "Girls' Generation continued to promote as an eight-member group thereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Lyrics and themes",
"text": "\" Girls' Generation's songs have been criticized by Western media outlets for not portraying female empowerment but promoting the opposite."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the prominent figures of the Korean Wave, the group has earned numerous accolades and the honorific nickname \"The Nation's Girl Group\" in their home country."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The group's Korean name is So-nyuh Shi-dae (Korean: 소녀시대, RR: Sonyeo Sidae), from the Sino-Korean root meaning \"Generation of Girls\"; they are also known as SoShi (Korean: 소시) or SNSD, both of which are abbreviated forms of the group's Korean-language name."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "They also won two Daesangs at the Seoul Music Awards, and were crowned both Artist of the Year and Best Female Group at the 2011 Mnet Asian Music Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Lyrics and themes",
"text": "Fem criticized the \"generic\" themes of Korean girl groups like Wonder Girls or Girls' Generation as \"sexist\": \" [They] infantilize themselves to emasculate males by pandering childlike, puritanical innocence [...]"
}
] |
Girls' Generation is an all-girl Korean music group known for promoting strong, female figures for young women.
| 0 | 1 |
Girls' Generation
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At 68 years, 23 days of age at the time of his inauguration, Harrison was the oldest person to assume the U.S. presidency, a distinction he held until 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated at age 69 years, 349 days."
}
] |
Qbk8cZiue9RKyOMFFkky
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Army general | War of 1812",
"text": "President James Madison removed Winchester from command in September, and Harrison became commander of the fresh recruits."
},
{
"section_header": "Postwar life | Private citizen",
"text": "The two became friends, and DeBaptiste became his personal servant, staying with him until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and funeral | Impact of death",
"text": "The Constitution clearly provided for the vice president to take over the \"powers and duties\" of the presidency in the event of a president's removal, death, resignation, or inability, but it was unclear whether the vice president formally became president of the United States, or simply temporarily assumed the powers and duties of that office, in a case of succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | U.S. Congress",
"text": "Congress had legislated a territorial policy which led to high land costs, and this became a primary concern for settlers in the Territory; Harrison became their champion to lower those prices."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and funeral",
"text": "On March 26, 1841, Harrison became ill with cold-like symptoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841) | Shortest presidency",
"text": "Harrison rebuffed his aggression: \"Mr. Clay, you forget that I am the President."
},
{
"section_header": "Postwar life | 1840 presidential campaign",
"text": "The campaign slogan \"Tippecanoe and Tyler, Too\" became one of the most famous in American politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841) | Shortest presidency",
"text": "He became the first head of state to have his photograph taken, then rode through the streets in the inaugural parade and attended three inaugural balls that evening, including one at Carusi's Saloon entitled the \"Tippecanoe\" ball with 1,000 guests who had paid $10 per person (equal to $297 in 2020).The inaugural address was a detailed statement of the Whig agenda, essentially a repudiation of Jackson's and Van Buren's policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841) | Shortest presidency",
"text": "Hordes of office applicants came to the White House, which (at the time) was open to all who wanted a meeting with the president."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841) | Shortest presidency",
"text": "Most of Harrison's business during his month-long presidency involved extensive social obligations and receiving visitors at the White House."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At 68 years, 23 days of age at the time of his inauguration, Harrison was the oldest person to assume the U.S. presidency, a distinction he held until 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated at age 69 years, 349 days."
}
] |
William Henry Harrison was almost 70 when he became president.
| 0 | 0 |
William Henry Harrison
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career",
"text": "As a left-hander with an excellent pick-off move, Ford was also deft at keeping runners at their base: He set a record in 1961 by pitching 243 consecutive innings without allowing a stolen base."
}
] |
Qc7wTGZ18aoAJKj1Bafb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Charles \"Whitey\" Ford (born October 21, 1928), nicknamed \"The Chairman of the Board\", is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played his entire 16-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "Ford was signed by the New York Yankees as an amateur free agent in 1947, and played his entire career with them."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "1987, the Yankees dedicated plaques for Monument Park at Yankee Stadium for Ford and Lefty Gomez; In 1999, Ford ranked 52nd on The Sporting News List of Baseball's Greatest Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "In 2002, Ford opened \"Whitey Ford's Cafe\", a sports-themed restaurant and bar next to Roosevelt Field Mall in Garden City, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career",
"text": "As a left-hander with an excellent pick-off move, Ford was also deft at keeping runners at their base: He set a record in 1961 by pitching 243 consecutive innings without allowing a stolen base."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Career statistics",
"text": "David Wells tied Whitey Ford for 13th place in victories by a left-hander on August 26, 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Retirement",
"text": "Ford was a Yankees coach in two different stints: 1968 as first base coach and from 1974-1975, as pitching coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "At age 5, moved to the Astoria (34th Avenue) neighborhood of Queens in New York City, a few miles from the Triborough Bridge to Yankee Stadium in the Bronx."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Pitching career | Career statistics",
"text": "Ford won 236 games for New York (career 236–106), still a franchise record."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and career",
"text": "Ford received a handful of lower-ballot Most Valuable Player votes despite throwing just 112 innings, and was voted the AL Rookie of the Year by the Sporting News. (Walt Dropo was the Rookie of Year choice of the BBWAA.) In 1951, he married Joan at St. Patrick's Catholic Church in Glen Cove, New York on Long Island."
}
] |
New York Yankee, Whitey Ford, pitched his entire MLB career with the Yankees, through with his left, and had a knack for not letting the opposing players steal a base.
| 0 | 1 |
Whitey Ford
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The joint statement, later dubbed the Atlantic Charter, outlined the aims of United States and the United Kingdom for the postwar world as follows: no territorial aggrandizement, no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people (self-determination), restoration of self-government to those deprived of it, reduction of trade restrictions, global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all, freedom from fear and want, freedom of the seas, and abandonment of the use of force, and disarmament of aggressor nations."
}
] |
QcUfB86BxHBphopUfDYy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "The policy was issued as a statement; as such there was no formal, legal document entitled \"The Atlantic Charter\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Content and analysis",
"text": "The Atlantic Charter made clear that the United States was supporting the United Kingdom in the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Atlantic Charter was a statement issued on 14 August 1941 that set out American and British goals for the world after the end of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The joint statement, later dubbed the Atlantic Charter, outlined the aims of United States and the United Kingdom for the postwar world as follows: no territorial aggrandizement, no territorial changes made against the wishes of the people (self-determination), restoration of self-government to those deprived of it, reduction of trade restrictions, global cooperation to secure better economic and social conditions for all, freedom from fear and want, freedom of the seas, and abandonment of the use of force, and disarmament of aggressor nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of name",
"text": "When it was released to the public, the charter was titled \"Joint Declaration by the President and the Prime Minister\" and was generally known as the \"Joint Declaration.\" The Labour Party newspaper Daily Herald coined the name Atlantic Charter, but Churchill used it in Parliament on 24 August 1941, which has since been generally adopted."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "Churchill then delivered to the president a letter from King George VI and made an official statement which, despite two attempts, the movie sound crew present failed to record."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" Peace Planning and the Atlantic Charter\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of name",
"text": "He later said, \"There isn't any copy of the Atlantic Charter, so far as I know."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Atlantic Charter. Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Atlantic Charter inspired several other international agreements and events that followed the end of the war."
}
] |
The Atlantic Charter was a statement only made by the US.
| 2 | 3 |
Atlantic Charter
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Returning to his dorm, Zuckerberg writes an insulting entry about Albright on his LiveJournal blog."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In October 2003, 19-year-old Harvard University student Mark Zuckerberg is dumped by his girlfriend Erica Albright."
}
] |
QcmIIjx15mf2wnBIycjU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Since its release, The Social Network has been cited as inspiring involvement in start-ups and social media."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Poster",
"text": "As Kellerhouse previously designed posters for the films of Steven Soderbergh, director David Fincher's friend, he was contacted by Ceán Chaffin in late 2009 to work on the key art for The Social Network, which had to make sole use of one approved photograph, that of Eisenberg's head."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" This has led Dave Knox to comment that: \"fifteen years from now we might just look back and realize this movie inspired our next great generation of entrepreneurs.\" After seeing the movie, Zuckerberg was quoted as saying he is \"interested to see what effect The Social Network has on entrepreneurship\", noting that he gets \"lots of messages from people who claim that they have been very much inspired... to start their own company.\" Saverin echoed these sentiments, stating that the film may inspire \"countless others to create and take that leap to start a new business."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "Out of the films of 2010, The Social Network appeared on the most top-ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Following the close of the decade, The Social Network was recognized as one of the best films of the 2010s."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The Social Network is the biggest relief I've ever had in a movie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "But I won't be seeing The Social Network to find out."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "\"The Social Network appeared on 78 film critics' top-ten lists of the best films of 2010, based on Metacritic's aggregation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Social Network is a 2010 American biographical drama film directed by David Fincher and written by Aaron Sorkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay",
"text": "I said yes. It was the fastest I said yes to anything ... They wanted me to start right away."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Returning to his dorm, Zuckerberg writes an insulting entry about Albright on his LiveJournal blog."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In October 2003, 19-year-old Harvard University student Mark Zuckerberg is dumped by his girlfriend Erica Albright."
}
] |
The film The Social Network starts with Zuck using AOL Instant Messenger.
| 0 | 0 |
The Social Network
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2017, there were 377,557 adult Quakers, 49 per cent of them being in Africa."
}
] |
QcuZNXvu52E9rJlEjpFW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Relations with other churches and faiths | Relations with other faiths",
"text": "Relationships between Quakers and non-Christians vary considerably, according to sect, geography, and history."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Methods for acquiring membership vary; for example, in most Kenyan yearly meetings, attenders who wish to become members are required to take part in around two years of adult education, memorising key Bible passages, and learning about the history of orthodox Christianity, and of Christian Quakerism."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Formerly, children born to Quaker parents automatically became members (sometimes called Birthright membership), but this is no longer the case in many areas."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "A Friend is a member of a Yearly Meeting, usually beginning with membership in a local monthly meeting."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Some meetings adopt a policy that children, some time after becoming young adults, must apply independently for membership."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Some parents apply for membership on behalf of their children, while others allow the child to decide whether to become a member when they are ready, and older in age."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Role of women",
"text": "In the 1650s, individual Quaker women prophesied and preached publicly, developing charismatic personas and spreading the sect."
},
{
"section_header": "Theology | Non-theist",
"text": "Non-theism is controversial, leading some Christian Quakers from within Britain Yearly Meeting to call for non-theists to be refused membership."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance and organisation | Membership",
"text": "Within Britain Yearly Meeting, membership is acquired through a process of peer review, where a potential member is visited by several members who present a report to the other members of the monthly meeting before a decision is reached."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Splits | Rise of Gurneyite Quakerism, and the Gurneyite–Conservative split",
"text": "Some orthodox Quakers in America disliked the move towards evangelical Christianity and saw it as a dilution of Friends' traditional orthodox Christian belief in being inwardly led by the Holy Spirit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2017, there were 377,557 adult Quakers, 49 per cent of them being in Africa."
}
] |
The Quakers are a Christian sect with almost half its membership in South America.
| 0 | 0 |
Quakers
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "D.C. He served in World War I."
}
] |
QeQPXpOZZ2WAI3MjiuDs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During the 1920s, Wilson was also enjoying remarkable success playing winter baseball in the Cuban League."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During a Negro World Series game, Wilson began to draw circles in the dirt and was said to be unaware of his surroundings."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Though Wilson was referred to as \"Babe Ruth Wilson\" by the media,"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wilson was born in Remington, Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1940, Wilson returned to the Homestead Grays."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Late in his career, Wilson developed epilepsy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Wilson debuted for the Baltimore Black Sox in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Wilson hit .373 that season, leading the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Pitcher Satchel Paige claimed that Wilson and Chino Smith were the two toughest outs he ever faced (Wilson hit .375 against Paige)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Catcher Josh Gibson said that Wilson was the best hitter in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "D.C. He served in World War I."
}
] |
Jud Wilson did go to fight during WWII.
| 1 | 4 |
Jud Wilson
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Number theory",
"text": "The concept is regarded as a fundamental theorem of number theory, and his ideas paved the way for the work of Carl Friedrich Gauss."
}
] |
QeRTsq87FMZFuUHN2abd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "+ x 2 2 !"
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "1 1 1 1 1 1 2 + 1 2 2"
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Applied mathematics",
"text": "+ 1 2"
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Physics and astronomy",
"text": "= π 2"
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "n 2 ) ="
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "π π 2 6 ."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "+ 1 3 2 + ⋯"
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Graph theory",
"text": "E E + F E E + F = 2 {\\displaystyle V-E+F=2} relating the number of vertices, edges and faces of a convex polyhedron, and hence of a planar graph."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Analysis",
"text": "n n 2 = lim n → ∞ ("
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Physics and astronomy",
"text": "E E I E E I ( K L ) 2 {\\displaystyle F={\\frac {\\pi ^{2}EI}{(KL)^{2}}}} where F = maximum or critical force (vertical load on column) , E = modulus of elasticity,"
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Number theory",
"text": "The concept is regarded as a fundamental theorem of number theory, and his ideas paved the way for the work of Carl Friedrich Gauss."
}
] |
Euler was famous for his number theory that proved 2 +2 doesn't always equal 4 called fundamental perspective.
| 0 | 0 |
Leonhard Euler
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Distinguishing features",
"text": "Sponges constitute the phylum Porifera, and have been defined as sessile metazoans (multicelled immobile animals) that have water intake and outlet openings connected by chambers lined with choanocytes, cells with whip-like flagella."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells."
}
] |
QejjqCP7uGBIjDIpwiyA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Taxonomy",
"text": "Other research indicates Porifera is monophyletic."
},
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Relationships to other animal groups",
"text": "In the 1990s sponges were widely regarded as a monophyletic group, all of them having descended from a common ancestor that was itself a sponge, and as the \"sister-group\" to all other metazoans (multi-celled animals), which themselves form a monophyletic group."
},
{
"section_header": "Distinguishing features",
"text": "Sponges constitute the phylum Porifera, and have been defined as sessile metazoans (multicelled immobile animals) that have water intake and outlet openings connected by chambers lined with choanocytes, cells with whip-like flagella."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning \"pore bearer\"), are a basal Metazoa (animal) clade as a sister of the Diploblasts."
},
{
"section_header": "Systematics and evolutionary history | Taxonomy",
"text": "The phylum Porifera is further divided into classes mainly according to the composition of their skeletons: Hexactinellida (glass sponges) have silicate spicules, the largest of which have six rays and may be individual or fused."
},
{
"section_header": "Basic structure | Cell types",
"text": "Archaeocytes (or amoebocytes) are amoeba-like cells that are totipotent, in other words each is capable of transformation into any other type of cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Basic structure | Cell types",
"text": "Oocytes and spermatocytes are reproductive cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Basic structure | Cell types",
"text": "Other types of cell live and move within the mesohyl: Lophocytes are amoeba-like cells that move slowly through the mesohyl and secrete collagen fibres."
},
{
"section_header": "Basic structure | Cell types",
"text": "Collencytes are another type of collagen-producing cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Basic structure | Cell types",
"text": "Rhabdiferous cells secrete polysaccharides that also form part of the mesohyl."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells."
}
] |
Porifera have then cells.
| 0 | 0 |
Porifera
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Superconductivity is the set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic flux fields are expelled from the material."
}
] |
QesZfi5Ab0LjP4fQ6oot
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Zero electrical DC resistance",
"text": "The electrons are constantly colliding with the ions in the lattice, and during each collision some of the energy carried by the current is absorbed by the lattice and converted into heat, which is essentially the vibrational kinetic energy of the lattice ions."
},
{
"section_header": "History of superconductivity | London constitutive equations",
"text": "A major triumph of the equations of this theory is their ability to explain the Meissner effect, wherein a material exponentially expels all internal magnetic fields as it crosses the superconducting threshold."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Zero electrical DC resistance",
"text": "This is the phenomenon of electrical resistance and Joule heating."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Other early markets are arising where the relative efficiency, size and weight advantages of devices based on high-temperature superconductivity outweigh the additional costs involved."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Phase transition",
"text": "For example, the electronic heat capacity is proportional to the temperature in the normal (non-superconducting) regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Zero electrical DC resistance",
"text": "Due to quantum mechanics, the energy spectrum of this Cooper pair fluid possesses an energy gap, meaning there is a minimum amount of energy ΔE that must be supplied in order to excite the fluid."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Phase transition",
"text": "Experiments indicate that the transition is second-order, meaning there is no latent heat."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Phase transition",
"text": "This is because the Gibbs free energy of the superconducting phase increases quadratically with the magnetic field while the free energy of the normal phase is roughly independent of the magnetic field."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Compared to traditional power lines, superconducting transmission lines are more efficient and require only a fraction of the space, which would not only lead to a better environmental performance but could also improve public acceptance for expansion of the electric grid."
},
{
"section_header": "Elementary properties of superconductors | Phase transition",
"text": "If the material superconducts in the absence of a field, then the superconducting phase free energy is lower than that of the normal phase and so for some finite value of the magnetic field (proportional to the square root of the difference of the free energies at zero magnetic field) the two free energies will be equal and a phase transition to the normal phase will occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Superconductivity is the set of physical properties observed in certain materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic flux fields are expelled from the material."
}
] |
Superconductivity is about a material's ability to absorb heat energy and store it efficiently.
| 0 | 0 |
Superconductivity
|
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