category
stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes
int64 0
12
| gold_evidence
list | id
stringlengths 20
20
| label
stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence
list | text
stringlengths 16
429
| total_likes
int64 0
7
| total_votes
int64 0
13
| wikipedia_page
stringlengths 3
49
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "The terms moksa and nirvana are often used interchangeably in the Jain texts."
}
] |
PTkDdvP0RhcJbYN75uML
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "The terms moksa and nirvana are often used interchangeably in the Jain texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Brahma-nirvana in the Bhagavad Gita",
"text": "Zaehner states it was used in Hindu texts for the first time in the Bhagavad Gita, and that the idea therein in verse 2.71-72 to \"suppress one's desires and ego\" is also Buddhist."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "According to Collins, \"the Buddhists seem to have been the first to call it nirvana.\" However, the ideas of spiritual liberation using different terminology, with the concept of soul and Brahman, appears in Vedic texts and Upanishads, such as in verse 4.4.6 of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "This may have been deliberate use of words in early Buddhism, suggests Collins, since Atman and Brahman were described in Vedic texts and Upanishads with the imagery of fire, as something good, desirable and liberating."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "This basic scheme underlies Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, where \"the ultimate aim is the timeless state of moksa, or, as the Buddhists first seem to have called it, nirvana.\"Although"
},
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "It is the most used as well as the earliest term to describe the soteriological goal in Buddhism: release from the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "The most ancient texts of Hinduism such as the Vedas and early Upanishads don't mention the soteriological term Nirvana."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "This term is found in texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Nirvana Upanishad, likely composed in the post-Buddha era."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "However, Buddhist texts have asserted since ancient times that nirvana is more than \"destruction of desire\", it is \"the object of the knowledge\" of the Buddhist path."
}
] |
NIrvana and moksa are frequently used interchangeably in the Jain texts.
| 3 | 3 |
Nirvana
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | College and slightly after",
"text": "In 1918, Hurston began her studies at Howard University, a historically black college in Washington, DC."
}
] |
PTkunKE7Qa9jgTtDqZKp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "Barnard College dedicated its 2003 Virginia C. Gildersleeve Conference to Hurston."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her novels went relatively unrecognized by the literary world for decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Marriages",
"text": "In 1935, Hurston was involved with Percy Punter, a graduate student at Columbia University."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | College and slightly after",
"text": "In 1918, Hurston began her studies at Howard University, a historically black college in Washington, DC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In her early career, Hurston conducted anthropological and ethnographic research while a student at Barnard College and Columbia University."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "The nucleus of this collection was given to the University of Florida libraries in 1961 by Mrs. Marjorie Silver, a friend, and neighbor of Hurston."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "The wide belt of the universe has no need for finger-rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Work and study",
"text": "She graduated from the high school of Morgan State University in 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | College and slightly after",
"text": "After graduating from Barnard, Hurston studied for two years as a graduate student in anthropology at Columbia University, working further with Boas during this period."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "Life, as it is, does not frighten me, since I have made my peace with the universe as I find it, and bow to its laws."
}
] |
Hurston went to Hampton University, a HBCU in Virginia.
| 1 | 3 |
Zora Neale Hurston
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is set in South Wales during the reign of Queen Victoria."
}
] |
PTpkJZCCi2Ny5PCgNEs3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He sits up to \"... look down in the valley.\" He then reflects: \"How green was my Valley that day, too, green and bright in the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is available on DVD from 20th Century Fox as part of their 20th Century Fox Studio Classics collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Directed by John Ford, How Green Was My Valley was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "Down Where the Moon is Small (1966) – Huw's life in Argentina Green, Green"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The phrase is used again in the novel's last sentence: \"How green was my Valley then, and the Valley of them that have gone.\" In the United States, Llewellyn won the National Book Award for favourite novel of 1940, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is set in South Wales during the reign of Queen Victoria."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Huw's academic ability sets him apart from his elder brothers and enables him to consider a future away from the dangerous coal mines."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "My Valley Now (1975) – Huw returns to Wales"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "It tells the story of the Morgans, a respectable mining family of the South Wales Valleys, through the eyes of one of the sons, Huw Morgan."
}
] |
How Green How Green Was My Valley is set in Ireland.
| 0 | 0 |
How Green Was My Valley
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and origins",
"text": "De Gaulle was born in the industrial region of Lille in the Nord department, the third of five children."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912."
}
] |
PTubWkCexZbFduhTdkoJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Second World War: the Fall of France | Battle of France: government minister",
"text": "At around 23:00 Reynaud and de Gaulle left Paris for Tours; the rest of the government left Paris on 11 June."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: leader of the Free French in exile | Return to France",
"text": "Paris outraged, Paris broken, Paris martyred, but Paris liberated!"
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France | Victory in Europe",
"text": "De Gaulle refused to allow any British participation in the victory parade in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: the Fall of France | Battle of France: government minister",
"text": "De Gaulle wanted Paris to be stubbornly defended by de Lattre, but instead it was declared an open city."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: leader of the Free French in exile | Return to France",
"text": "The situation in Paris remained tense, and a few days later de Gaulle, still unsure of the trend of events asked General Eisenhower to send some American troops into Paris as a show of strength."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Between the wars | Early 1930s: proponent of armoured warfare",
"text": "I's alliance with the Turks against the Emperor Charles V."
},
{
"section_header": "Second World War: leader of the Free French in exile | Return to France",
"text": "Earlier, on 21 August, de Gaulle had appointed his military advisor General Marie-Pierre Koenig as Governor of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "1944–1946: Provisional Government of Liberated France",
"text": "On 10 November 1944, Churchill flew to Paris to a reception by de Gaulle and the two together were greeted by thousands of cheering Parisians on the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and origins",
"text": "He was also influenced by his uncle, also named Charles de Gaulle, who was a historian and passionate Celticist who wrote books and pamphlets advocating the union of the Welsh, Scots, Irish, and Bretons into one people."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Between the wars | Early 1930s: proponent of armoured warfare",
"text": "De Gaulle used the book to widen his contacts among journalists, notably with André Pironneau, editor of L'Écho de Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood and origins",
"text": "De Gaulle was born in the industrial region of Lille in the Nord department, the third of five children."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912."
}
] |
Charles de Gaulle was a native of Paris, France.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles de Gaulle
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and Transformers",
"text": "At 15, Fox made her acting debut in the 2001 film Holiday in the Sun, as spoiled heiress Brianna Wallace and rival of Alex Stewart (Ashley Olsen), which was released direct-to-DVD on November 20, 2001."
}
] |
PUW8bTyjp08PoXpRICNV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and Transformers",
"text": "At 15, Fox made her acting debut in the 2001 film Holiday in the Sun, as spoiled heiress Brianna Wallace and rival of Alex Stewart (Ashley Olsen), which was released direct-to-DVD on November 20, 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2004, she made her film debut with a role in the teen comedy Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Fox's father, a parole officer, and her mother divorced when Fox was three years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and Transformers",
"text": "In 2004, she made her film debut in Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen co-starring opposite Lindsay Lohan, playing the supporting role of Carla Santini, a rival of Lola (Lohan)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When she was 13 years old, Fox began modeling after winning several awards at the 1999 American Modeling and Talent Convention in Hilton Head, South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "So, I was sort of checked out on that part of it.\" Fox began dating actor Brian Austin Green in 2004, after meeting on the set of Hope & Faith; she was 18 years old, while he was 30."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "A production assistant who worked on Transformers also stated that he never saw Fox act inappropriately on set."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She lived with her mother until she made enough money to support herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She began her acting career in 2001, with several minor television and film roles, and played a regular role on the Hope & Faith television sitcom."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and Transformers",
"text": "The film was named the \"worst picture of the year\" by the Houston Film Critics Society."
}
] |
Megan Fox made her acting debut at 15 years old.
| 5 | 6 |
Megan Fox
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "1906: An Italian operatic version written by Frederic d'Erlanger was first performed in Naples, but the run was cut short by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius."
}
] |
PUaH6T4HoafVx1CsOIYW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "The Hardy Players (re-formed in 2005) was an amateur group from Dorchester which re-enacted Hardy's novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "2007 : Tess, The New Musical (a rock opera) with lyrics, music and libretto by Annie Pasqua and Jenna Pasqua premieres in NYC. 2009: Tess of the d'Urbervilles, a new adaptation for the stage with five actors was produced in London by Myriad Theatre & Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "1999 : Tess of the d'Urbervilles, a new West End musical with music by Stephen Edwards and lyrics by Justin Fleming opens in London at the Savoy Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "2010 : Tess, a new rock opera is an official Next Link Selection at the New York Musical Theatre Festival with music, lyrics, and libretto by Annie Pasqua and Jenna Pasqua."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Music",
"text": "American metalcore band Ice Nine Kills has a song called \"Tess-Timony\" inspired by this novel on their 2015 album Every Trick in the Book."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Music",
"text": "The Ninth Symphony of Ralph Vaughan Williams has a slow second movement based on Tess and depicts the Stonehenge scene underscored by the eight-bell strokes that signify her execution at the traditional hour of 8 A.M."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "2012 : Tess of the d'Urbervilles was produced into a piece of musical theatre by Youth Music Theatre UK as part of their summer season, and further developed, edited, and performed in 2017 at the Theatre Royal, Winchester, and at The Other Palace, London in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "2019 : Tess - The Musical, a new British musical by composer Michael Blore and playwright Michael Davies, received a workshop production at The Other Place, the Royal Shakespeare Company's studio theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon, in February 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Cinematography, Editing and Music Direction were done by National Award Winners, Mrinal Kanti Das, A. Sreekar Prasad and Sher Choudhury respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theatre",
"text": "The novel was first adapted for the stage in 1897."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "1906: An Italian operatic version written by Frederic d'Erlanger was first performed in Naples, but the run was cut short by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius."
}
] |
It was adapted to a musical form.
| 0 | 0 |
Tess of the d'Urbervilles
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1947 : The Chinese film, Night Inn (夜店) by director Huang Zuolin, is based on Ke Ling's Chinese theatrical adaptation of The Lower Depths."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1936 : French film director Jean Renoir made a 1936 film of the same name as the play."
}
] |
PUcAWBycwBJD0TSx4WbY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lower Depths (Russian: На дне, Na dne, literally: 'At the bottom') is perhaps the best known of Maxim Gorky's plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1936 : French film director Jean Renoir made a 1936 film of the same name as the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She says that she looks forward to the rest and peace she has never known."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "Neecha Nagar won the Palme d'Or (Best Film Award, then known as the 'Grand Prix'), at the first Cannes Film Festival in 1946, becoming the first Indian independent film to get international recognition."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1957: Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa, adapted the story into the film Donzoko (The Lower Depths), starring Toshiro Mifune, in which the characters have been moved to Edo period Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1947 : The Chinese film, Night Inn (夜店) by director Huang Zuolin, is based on Ke Ling's Chinese theatrical adaptation of The Lower Depths."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When it first appeared, The Lower Depths was criticized for its pessimism and ambiguous ethical message."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Gorky's play has been recognized as an important influence on Eugene O'Neill's 1946 drama The Iceman Cometh."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1921: 1921: Japanese film: Minoru Murata directed a silent film called Souls on the Road (Rojō no Reikon), based on this play."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1952: The Moscow Art Theatre production of the play was filmed by Soviet director A. Frolov in conjunction with Mosfilm studio and released as a feature film in the USSR."
}
] |
The Lower Depths is perhaps the best known of Maxim Gorky's plays that was never made into films.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lower Depths
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Genres",
"text": "Originating as a skiffle group, the Beatles quickly embraced 1950s rock and roll and helped pioneer the Merseybeat genre, and their repertoire ultimately expanded to include a broad variety of pop music."
}
] |
PUucULs8RBQzXFRVv3Bm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "but it wasn't our film – we were sort of guest stars."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "I didn't really have any misconceptions about our ability to do anything other than play music, and I was scared."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They were fresh, and they were honest, and they had what I thought was a sort of presence ... [a] star quality."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "And because they were writing different material, we were playing differently.\" And because they were writing different material, we were playing differently.\" After Help! 's foray into the world of classical music with flutes and strings"
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | In the studio",
"text": "Seeking ways to put chance occurrences to creative use, accidental guitar feedback, a resonating glass bottle, a tape loaded the wrong way round so that it played backwards – any of these might be incorporated into their music."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | First visit to the United States and the British Invasion",
"text": "\"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" in mid-December 1963 and began playing it on-air."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Influences",
"text": "Referring to the Beach Boys' creative leader, Martin later stated: \"No one made a greater impact on the Beatles than Brian [Wilson].\" Ravi Shankar, with whom Harrison studied for six weeks in India in late 1966, had a significant effect on his musical development during the band's later years."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Genres",
"text": "Although the 1965 song \"Yesterday\" was not the first pop record to employ orchestral strings, it marked the group's first recorded use of classical music elements."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Contribution of George Martin",
"text": "In addition to scoring orchestral arrangements for recordings, Martin often performed on them, playing instruments including piano, organ and brass."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "Harrison called Rubber Soul his \"favourite album\" and Starr referred to it as \"the departure record\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Genres",
"text": "Originating as a skiffle group, the Beatles quickly embraced 1950s rock and roll and helped pioneer the Merseybeat genre, and their repertoire ultimately expanded to include a broad variety of pop music."
}
] |
The sort of music that The Beatles' played at first was referred to as "Skiffle".
| 3 | 3 |
The Beatles
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "Spears has cited Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Whitney Houston as being major influences in her career, her \"three favorite artists\" as a child, whom she would \"sing along to [...] day and night in [her] living room\";"
}
] |
PUzK4B083Knc9xIPf7jx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "Spears has cited Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Whitney Houston as being major influences in her career, her \"three favorite artists\" as a child, whom she would \"sing along to [...] day and night in [her] living room\";"
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "And they were major inspirations for me."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "Spears is a soprano. Prior to her breakthrough success, she is described as having sung \"much deeper than her highly recognizable trademark voice of today\", with Eric Foster White, who worked with Spears for her debut album ... Baby One More Time, being cited as \"[shaping] her voice over the course of a month\" upon being signed to Jive Records \"to where it is today—distinctively, unmistakably Britney\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "And people tend to believe it.\" In 2003, People cited her as one of the 50 Most Beautiful People."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "During the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards, Lady Gaga said that Spears \"taught us all how to be fearless, and the industry wouldn't be the same without her.\" Gaga has also cited Spears as an influence, calling her \"the most provocative performer of my time."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2006–2007: Personal struggles and Blackout",
"text": "In November 2006, Spears filed for divorce from Federline, citing irreconcilable differences."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2005: In the Zone and marriages",
"text": "In 2008, MTV listed the performance as the number-one opening moment in the history of MTV Video Music Awards, while Blender magazine cited it as one of the twenty-five sexiest music moments on television history."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Piece of Me Tour, hiatus, and the #FreeBritney movement",
"text": "Tickets were sold out within minutes for major cities, and additional dates were added to meet the demand."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "\"Work Bitch\" was released as the lead single from Britney Jean on September 16, 2013, one day earlier than expected after being leaked online."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Stage performances",
"text": "Spears is described as being much more shy than what her stage persona suggests."
}
] |
Spears has cited Celine Dion as being one of her major influences in her career.
| 0 | 2 |
Britney Spears
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His relationship with Mumtaz Mahal has been heavily adapted into Indian art, literature, and cinema."
}
] |
PVDnT11UVDRRyaZrY5ll
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shah Jahan commissioned many monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal in Agra, which entombs his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His relationship with Mumtaz Mahal has been heavily adapted into Indian art, literature, and cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shahab-ud-din Muhammad Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan (Persian: شاه جهان; \"King of the World\"), was the fifth Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1628 to 1658."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shah Jahan was considered the most competent of Emperor Jahangir's four sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Birth and background",
"text": "The name \"Khurram\" (joyous) was chosen for the young prince by his grandfather, Emperor Akbar, with whom the young prince shared a close relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Nur Jahan",
"text": "She was an active participant in the decisions made by Jahangir."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign (1628–1658) | Administration of the Mughal Empire",
"text": "India at the time was a rich centre of the arts, crafts and architecture, and some of the best of the architects, artisans, craftsmen, painters and writers of the world resided in Shah Jahan's empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is widely considered one of the greatest Mughal emperors; under his reign the Mughal Empire reached the peak of its glory."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to architecture",
"text": "He also had the Peacock Throne, Takht e Taus, made to celebrate his rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "The young girl belonged to an illustrious Persian noble family that had been serving Mughal Emperors since the reign of Akbar."
}
] |
The fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan, made a monument to his favorite wife and their relationship has spawned lots of art and movies.
| 2 | 7 |
Shah Jahan
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "South Africa has also developed into a major wine producer, with some of the best vineyards lying in valleys around Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Paarl and Barrydale."
}
] |
PVJzfJF0USji0zKviOX2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "This area also produces much of the wine in South Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "South Africa has also developed into a major wine producer, with some of the best vineyards lying in valleys around Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Paarl and Barrydale."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Popular culture",
"text": "Although few South African film productions are known outside South Africa itself, many foreign films have been produced about South Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "South Africa produced Formula One motor racing's 1979 world champion Jody Scheckter."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Further east on the south coast, rainfall is distributed more evenly throughout the year, producing a green landscape."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic",
"text": "In the following decade, it produced six deliverable nuclear weapons."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Popular culture",
"text": "South Africa has produced world-famous jazz musicians, notably Hugh Masekela, Jonas Gwangwa, Abdullah Ibrahim, Miriam Makeba, Jonathan Butler, Chris McGregor, and Sathima Bea Benjamin."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "South Africa has also produced numerous world class rugby players, including Francois Pienaar, Joost van der Westhuizen, Danie Craven, Frik du Preez, Naas Botha, and Bryan Habana."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "It has subsequently produced a National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan, which was received by the convention on 7 June 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Conservation issues",
"text": "According to computer-generated climate modelling produced by the South African National Biodiversity Institute, parts of southern Africa will see an increase in temperature by about 1 °C (1.8 °F) along the coast to more than 4 °C (7.2 °F) in the already hot hinterland such as the Northern Cape in late spring and summertime by 2050."
}
] |
South Africa produces a lot of wine.
| 0 | 0 |
South Africa
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents divorced when she was six."
}
] |
PVe9IztIWSd69GAJKAjo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father tried to keep in contact, but her mother discouraged it, and all contact was subsequently lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents divorced when she was six."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to poaching",
"text": "Kweli's mother, Macho, was also killed in the raid, but Kweli was not captured due to Uncle Bert's intervention; however, three-year-old Kweli died slowly and painfully of gangrene, from being brushed by a poacher's bullet."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Murder",
"text": "Her mother, Hazel Fossey Price, successfully challenged the will."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother remarried the following year, to businessman Richard Price."
},
{
"section_header": "Africa | Research in the Congo",
"text": "With the help of Joan Root and Leakey, Fossey acquired the necessary provisions and an old canvas-topped Land Rover which she named \"Lily\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He would not allow Fossey to sit at the dining room table with him or her mother during dinner meals."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Murder",
"text": "New York State Supreme Court Justice Swartwood threw out the will and awarded the estate to her mother, including about $4.9 million in royalties from a recent book and upcoming movie, stating that the document \"was simply a draft of her purported will and not a will at all.\" Price said she was working on a project to preserve the work her daughter had done for the mountain gorillas in Rwanda."
}
] |
Her mother and father divorced when Dian Fossey was old.
| 1 | 6 |
Dian Fossey
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plan was to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament on 5 November 1605, as the prelude to a popular revolt in the Midlands during which James's nine-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, was to be installed as the Catholic head of state."
}
] |
PWjRcNJsSq6rERYaKJoQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Executions",
"text": "Henry Garnet's execution took place on 3 May 1606."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Initial planning",
"text": "The first meeting between the five conspirators took place on 20 May 1604, probably at the Duck and Drake Inn, just off the Strand, Thomas Wintour's usual residence when staying in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Reconstructing the explosion",
"text": "A portion of deliberately deteriorated gunpowder, of such low quality as to make it unusable in firearms, when placed in a heap and ignited, still managed to create a large explosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Flight",
"text": "When he realised the plot had been uncovered, he took his horse and made for his sister's house at Norbrook, before continuing to Huddington Court."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Initial recruitment",
"text": "Along with several other conspirators, he took part in the Essex Rebellion in 1601, during which he was wounded and captured."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Further recruitment",
"text": "Fawkes, using the pseudonym \"John Johnson\", took charge of the building, posing as Percy's servant."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction",
"text": "The foiling of the Gunpowder Plot initiated a wave of national relief at the delivery of the King and his sons, and inspired in the ensuing parliament a mood of loyalty and goodwill, which Salisbury astutely exploited to extract higher subsidies for the King than any (bar one) granted in Elizabeth"
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "In What If the Gunpowder Plot Had Succeeded?"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Flight",
"text": "A letter to Guy Fawkes was discovered on his person, but he claimed that name was one of his aliases."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Investigation",
"text": "\" \"Johnson\" may have been placed in manacles and hung from the wall, but he was almost certainly subjected to the horrors of the rack."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plan was to blow up the House of Lords during the State Opening of Parliament on 5 November 1605, as the prelude to a popular revolt in the Midlands during which James's nine-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, was to be installed as the Catholic head of state."
}
] |
The Gunpowder Plot took place on the 6th of September.
| 0 | 4 |
Gunpowder Plot
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "More than 1.3 million people visit annually, with as many as 6,000 per day in the summer."
}
] |
PWnhwCr9jOxlcTFhzEW4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neuschwanstein Castle (German: Schloss Neuschwanstein, pronounced [ˈʃlɔs nɔʏˈʃvaːnʃtaɪn], Southern Bavarian: Schloss Neischwanstoa) is a 19th-century Romanesque Revival palace on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "More than 1.3 million people visit annually, with as many as 6,000 per day in the summer."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Vorderhohenschwangau Castle and Hinterhohenschwangau Castle sat on a rugged hill overlooking Schwanstein Castle, two nearby lakes (Alpsee and Schwansee), and the village."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "In the peak season from June until August, Neuschwanstein has as many as 6,000 visitors per day, and guests without advance reservation may have to wait several hours."
},
{
"section_header": "In culture, art, and science",
"text": "A meteorite that reached Earth spectacularly on 6 April 2002, at the Austrian border near Hohenschwangau was named Neuschwanstein after the palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Ludwig called the new palace New Hohenschwangau Castle; only after his death was it renamed Neuschwanstein."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since then more than 61 million people have visited Neuschwanstein Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Inspiration and design",
"text": "It is my intention to rebuild the old castle ruin of Hohenschwangau near the Pöllat Gorge in the authentic style of the old German knights' castles, and I must confess to you that I am looking forward very much to living there one day [...]; you know the revered guest I would like to accommodate there; the location is one of the most beautiful to be found, holy and unapproachable, a worthy temple for the divine friend who has brought salvation and true blessing to the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Neuschwanstein welcomes almost 1.5 million visitors per year making it one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "The confusing result is that Hohenschwangau and Schwanstein have effectively swapped names: Hohenschwangau Castle replaced the ruins of Schwanstein Castle, and Neuschwanstein Castle replaced the ruins of the two Hohenschwangau Castles."
}
] |
Neuschwanstein Castle is a 19th-century Romanesque Revival palace visited as many as 6,000 per day in the summer on a rugged hill above the village of Hohenschwangau near Füssen in southwest Bavaria, Germany
| 0 | 0 |
Neuschwanstein Castle
|
Technology
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Groupon is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries."
}
] |
PXBeBmEoXZsdFcPRQljo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": ", Groupon is a blend of \"group\" and \"coupon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Initial public offering",
"text": "The IPO was handled by Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs Group and Credit Suisse Group."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions and partnerships",
"text": "Boomerang's two cofounders, Zachary Smith and Matthew Williams, along with eight employees went on to build a new digital-coupon offering, called Groupon Coupons."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The decision to focus on group buying proved wise."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions and partnerships",
"text": "Groupon also announced that it would continue to operate Savored independently from the main Groupon website."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Business model",
"text": "Groupon employs copywriters who draft descriptions for the deals featured by email and on the website."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Business model",
"text": "It allows users to browse and buy deals on their phones and redeem them using the screen as a coupon."
},
{
"section_header": "Business | Business model",
"text": "This reduced risk for retailers, who can treat the coupons as quantity discounts as well as sales promotion tools."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions and partnerships",
"text": "Groupon bought the Indian deal-of-the-day website SoSasta.com in January 2011 and re-branded it as \"Crazeal by"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011 onward",
"text": "Prior to the company's fifth anniversary, the Groupon website was completely redesigned and new features were added in November 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Groupon is an American global e-commerce marketplace connecting subscribers with local merchants by offering activities, travel, goods and services in 15 countries."
}
] |
Groupon is not a coupon website for groups.
| 0 | 1 |
Groupon
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is a short story published in 1835 by American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne."
}
] |
PXLduxBXPSP6fKKpzHMz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "In 1982, the story was adapted for the CBC radio program Nightfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Young Goodman Brown\" is a short story published in 1835 by American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "Years later he wrote, \"These stories were published... in Magazines and Annuals, extending over a period of ten or twelve years, and comprising the whole of the writer's young manhood, without making (so far as he has ever been aware) the slightest impression on the public.\" Contemporary critic Edgar Allan Poe disagreed, referring to Hawthorne's short stories as \"the products of a truly imaginative intellect\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "In 2011, playwright Lucas (Luke) Krueger, adapted the story for the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "A 1972 short film directed by Donald Fox is based on the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "In 2012, Playscripts Inc. published the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "He calls it his favorite story by Hawthorne and cites it as an inspiration for his O. Henry Award-winning short story, \"The Man in the Black Suit\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "Modern scholars and critics generally view the short story as an allegorical tale written to expose the contradictions in place concerning Puritan beliefs and societies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a symbolic fashion, the story follows Young Goodman Brown's journey into self-scrutiny, which results in his loss of virtue and belief."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response and impact",
"text": "\"Can't Deny My Love\" is based on Hawthorne's story, with Flowers starring as the Goodman Brown figure and Evan Rachel Wood as his wife."
}
] |
"Young Goodman Brown" is a short story published in 1835, and was later adapted for the CBC radio program Nightfall.
| 0 | 0 |
Young Goodman Brown
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hadrian's Wall (Latin: Vallum Aelium), also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian."
}
] |
PXX6lSWjBlqlUvumv0QS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Black Country Communion's second album is called \"The Battle for Hadrian's Wall\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Roman-period names",
"text": "Hadrian's family name was Aelius, and the most likely reading of the inscription is Valli Aelii (genitive), Hadrian's Wall, suggesting that the wall was called by the same name by contemporaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hadrian's Wall (Latin: Vallum Aelium), also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Hadriani in Latin, is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian."
},
{
"section_header": "Roman-period names",
"text": "Hadrian's Wall was known in the Roman period as the vallum (wall) and the discovery of the Staffordshire Moorlands Pan in Staffordshire in 2003 has thrown further light on its name."
},
{
"section_header": "Dimensions",
"text": "This is known today as the Vallum, even though the word vallum in Latin is the origin of the English word wall, and does not refer to a ditch."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | \"Broad Wall\" and \"Narrow Wall\"",
"text": "The Vallum, two embankments with a ditch between them"
},
{
"section_header": "After Hadrian",
"text": "Bede obviously identified Gildas's stone wall as Hadrian's Wall (actually built in the 120s) and he would appear to have believed that the ditch-and-mound barrier known as the Vallum (just to the south of and contemporary with, Hadrian's Wall) was the rampart constructed by Severus."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | \"Broad Wall\" and \"Narrow Wall\"",
"text": "After most of the forts had been added, the Vallum was built on the southern side."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "PoetryThe English poet W. H. Auden wrote a script for a BBC radio documentary called Hadrian's Wall, which was broadcast on the BBC's north-eastern Regional Programme in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From north to south, the wall comprised a ditch, wall, military way and vallum, another ditch with adjoining mounds."
}
] |
Hadrian's Wall was also called Vallum Hydrant.
| 0 | 0 |
Hadrian's Wall
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Date of birth",
"text": "In 1959, Paige's mother told a reporter that he was 55 rather than 53, saying she knew this because she wrote it down in her Bible."
},
{
"section_header": "Date of birth",
"text": "Paige wrote in his autobiography, \"Seems like Mom's Bible would know, but she ain't ever shown me the Bible."
}
] |
PXYCi3BAsRnXJDjMVshO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major Leagues | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "you didn't know your age , how old would you think you were?\" With the St. Louis Browns beating the Indians 4–1 in the bottom of the fourth inning, Boudreau pulled his starting pitcher, Bob Lemon, and sent Paige in."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the age of 10, Satchel was playing \"top ball\" which was what got him into baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47, and represented them in the All-Star Game in 1952 and 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Date of birth",
"text": "While Satchel Paige was playing baseball, many ages and birthdates were reported, ranging from 1900 to 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At least I started my real learning on the Mount."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Kansas City Monarchs: 1940–1947 | 1942 Negro World Series",
"text": "Game four took place in Shibe Park in Philadelphia, and Paige was scheduled to start, but he did not show up until the fourth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "but I didn't come around with my arm right away."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Pittsburgh, California, and North Dakota: 1931–1936",
"text": "\"It didn't hurt my pitching, but it sure didn't do me any good.\" In June 1931, the Crawford Colored Giants, an independent club owned by Pittsburgh underworld figure Gus Greenlee, made Paige an offer of $250 a month."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Chattanooga and Birmingham: 1926–1929",
"text": "In 1926 he discovered Paige and offered to pay him $250 per month, of which Paige would collect $50 with the rest going to his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Dominican Republic: 1937",
"text": "In Paige's memoirs, he recalled finishing the game with two shutout innings to hold onto a 6–5 win while soldiers looked on \"like a firing squad.\" In reality, however, Paige did not enter the game until there was one out in the ninth inning, with his team leading 8–3."
},
{
"section_header": "Date of birth",
"text": "In 1959, Paige's mother told a reporter that he was 55 rather than 53, saying she knew this because she wrote it down in her Bible."
},
{
"section_header": "Date of birth",
"text": "Paige wrote in his autobiography, \"Seems like Mom's Bible would know, but she ain't ever shown me the Bible."
}
] |
Satchel Paige didn't learn his true age until he was in his 50s.
| 1 | 3 |
Satchel Paige
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
}
] |
PYGlAiL8Q0nAUmrUKaSl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Continued popularity",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "The Who lead singer Roger Daltrey described Mercury as \"the best virtuoso rock 'n' roll singer of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Appearances in lists of influential individuals",
"text": "Mercury was voted the greatest male singer in MTV's 22 Greatest Voices in Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "They also used an endoscopic video camera to study a rock singer brought in to imitate Mercury's singing voice."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "Freddie, as evidenced by his Dionysian Live Aid performance, was easily the most godlike of them all.\" Queen roadie Peter Hince states, \"It wasn’t just about his voice but the way he commanded the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "His known vocal range extended from bass low F (F2) to soprano high F (F6)."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "A writer for The Spectator described him as \"a performer out to tease, shock and ultimately charm his audience with various extravagant versions of himself.\" David Bowie, who performed at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert and recorded the song \"Under Pressure\" with Queen, praised Mercury's performance style, saying: \"Of all the more theatrical rock performers, Freddie took it further than the rest […"
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "One of Mercury's most notable performances with Queen took place at Live Aid in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "Led by Professor Christian Herbst, the team identified his notably faster vibrato and use of subharmonics as unique characteristics of Mercury's voice, particularly in comparison to opera singers."
}
] |
Freddie Mercury's theatrical stage performance and voice has lead him to be known as one of the greatest vocal singers of all time.
| 2 | 4 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\"tenente\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army."
}
] |
PYQD9iabv3aECOqrPdSo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "Because his previous novel, The Sun Also Rises, had been written as a roman à clef, readers assumed A Farewell to Arms to be autobiographical."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "Some pieces of the novel were written in Piggott, Arkansas, at the home of his then-wife Pauline Pfeiffer, and in Mission Hills, Kansas while she was awaiting delivery of their baby."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "Much of the plot was written in correspondence with Frederic J. Agate."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is divided into five sections or 'books'."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Book - I",
"text": "The novel begins during the First World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "The novel was first serialized in Scribner's Magazine in the May 1929 to October 1929 issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history",
"text": "The novel was based on Hemingway's own experiences serving in the Italian campaigns during the First World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and publication history | Censorship",
"text": "Hemingway's corrected text has not been incorporated into modern published editions of the novel; however, there are some audiobook versions that are uncensored."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media",
"text": "The novel was first adapted for the stage by Laurence Stallings in 1930, then as a film in 1932, with a 1957 remake."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book became his first best-seller, and has been called \"the premier American war novel from that debacle World War I.\"The novel has been adapted a number of times, initially for the stage in 1930; as a film in 1932 and again in 1957, and as a three-part television miniseries in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Farewell to Arms is a novel by Ernest Hemingway set during the Italian campaign of World War I. First published in 1929, it is a first-person account of an American, Frederic Henry, serving as a lieutenant (\"tenente\") in the ambulance corps of the Italian Army."
}
] |
The novel was written by Faulkner.
| 0 | 0 |
A Farewell to Arms
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction is the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S. and Canada."
}
] |
PYbrfePBDGvOAts3e4ny
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "After five days of its release, Age of Extinction surpassed its North American run with $134.5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction is the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S. and Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and Blu-ray 3D formats on September 30, 2014, in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "Outside North America, it is the highest-grossing film of 2014, and the sixth-highest-grossing film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "At the end of its theatrical run outside North America, the film earned $858,600,000 which is 77.8% of its total gross."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "It is also the first movie in China to gross more than $300 million at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The film will not be a reboot but a sequel to Dark of the Moon, taking place four years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "It was released on June 27, 2014, in across 4,233 theaters in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "The first televised advertisement for Transformers: Age of Extinction aired during Super Bowl XLVIII."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the fourth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and a sequel to 2011's Dark of the Moon, taking place five years after its events."
}
] |
Age of Extinction placed 8th in grossing movies of its release year in North America.
| 0 | 0 |
Transformers: Age of Extinction
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother, Margaret Hutton (née Little; 1896–1977), was a Scottish secretary from Glasgow, and father, Nathaniel Smith (1902–1991), was a public health pathologist from Newcastle upon Tyne who worked at the University of Oxford."
}
] |
PYkHXJwUjbDgvTwPlLum
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During her childhood, Smith's parents told her the romantic story of how they had met on the train from Glasgow to London via Newcastle."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother, Margaret Hutton (née Little; 1896–1977), was a Scottish secretary from Glasgow, and father, Nathaniel Smith (1902–1991), was a public health pathologist from Newcastle upon Tyne who worked at the University of Oxford."
}
] |
Maggie Smith's mother was from Scotland.
| 3 | 8 |
Maggie Smith
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom."
}
] |
PZ3jYK23BtUabuWa5I2d
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His father left Judaism after a dispute at his synagogue; young Benjamin became an Anglican at the age of 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "His father, the elder Benjamin, was a prominent and devout member; it was probably from respect for him that Isaac did not leave when he fell out with the synagogue authorities in 1813."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Disraeli was born on 21 December 1804 at 6 King's Road, Bedford Row, Bloomsbury, London, the second child and eldest son of Isaac D'Israeli, a literary critic and historian, and Maria (Miriam), née Basevi."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | 1820s",
"text": "T F Maples was not only the young Disraeli's employer and a friend of his father's, but also his prospective father-in-law: Isaac and Maples entertained the possibility that the latter's only daughter might be a suitable match for Benjamin."
},
{
"section_header": "Second government (1874–80) | Foreign policy",
"text": "Disraeli always considered foreign affairs to be the most critical and most interesting part of statesmanship."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Literary",
"text": "The critic William Kuhn suggests that Disraeli's fiction can be read as \"the memoirs he never wrote\", revealing the inner life of a politician for whom the norms of Victorian public life appeared to represent a social straitjacket—particularly with regard to what Kuhn sees as the author's \"ambiguous sexuality\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Literary",
"text": "They have from the outset divided critical opinion."
},
{
"section_header": "Office | Opposition and third term as Chancellor",
"text": "Less reticent were Palmerston, Gladstone (again Chancellor) and Russell, whose statements in support of the South contributed to years of hard feelings in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Political",
"text": "This aspect of his policies has been re-evaluated by historians in the 20th and 21st centuries."
}
] |
Benjamin Disraeli was an Israeli politician whose father was a critic and historian.
| 0 | 0 |
Benjamin Disraeli
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb's father was a state senator."
}
] |
PZEGKbspZBbx1VLNaSi5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb later attributed his ferocious play to his late father, saying, \"I did it for my father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb's father was a state senator."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career",
"text": "Cobb never had an easy time as husband and father."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Views on race",
"text": "Cobb's father was a noted advocate for racial equality."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In August 1905, the management of the Tourists sold Cobb to the American League's Detroit Tigers for $750 (equivalent to $21,342 in 2019).On August 8, 1905, Cobb's mother fatally shot his father with a pistol that his father had purchased for her."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Three weeks after his mother killed his father, Cobb debuted in center field for the Detroit Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By most accounts, he became fascinated with baseball as a child, and decided he wanted to play professional ball one day; his father was vehemently opposed to this idea, but by his teen years, he was trying out for area teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career",
"text": "Even though Tyrus Raymond, Jr. finally reformed and eventually earned an M.D. from the Medical College of South Carolina and practiced obstetrics and gynecology in Dublin, Georgia, until his premature death at 42 on September 9, 1952, from a brain tumor, his father remained distant."
}
] |
Ty Cobb's father was a goverment employee.
| 1 | 9 |
Ty Cobb
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Returning to Bedford, Flick hunted, raised horses, built buildings, and became involved in selling real estate."
}
] |
PZSE4bew52O9lLu7SPRY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Flick died of congestive heart failure in 1971, at the age of 94, in his hometown of Bedford."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Flick did return to Cleveland for the 1904 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "In July 1910, the Naps sold Flick to the Kansas City Blues of the American Association, but Flick refused to report to Kansas City, which cancelled the transaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "The title winner, Honus Wagner, later said, \"I've had a lot of thrills, but don't think I was ever happier than in 1900 when I won after battling Elmer Flick to the last day of the season for the title."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Thompson returned to the team briefly, but reinjured his back and announced his retirement in May, allowing Flick to play regularly."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Amid talk of a revival of the American Association, Flick and several other players began to talk about not returning to the team the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "However, he suffered a serious knee injury in August, and reinjured the knee when he returned to the game too quickly."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "He left training camp that year, complaining of \"train sickness\", and returned home to Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later career",
"text": "Unable to find a major league team willing to sign him, he returned to the minor leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Harrison Flick (January 11, 1876 – January 9, 1971) was an American professional baseball outfielder who played in Major League Baseball from 1898 to 1910 for the Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia Athletics, and Cleveland Bronchos/Naps."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Returning to Bedford, Flick hunted, raised horses, built buildings, and became involved in selling real estate."
}
] |
After his baseball career, Elmer Flick returned to his hometown and sold properties.
| 2 | 7 |
Elmer Flick
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today."
}
] |
PZptPNrOqHAtC07dHcPR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "She was appointed Director of the Curie Laboratory in the Radium Institute of the University of Paris, founded in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New elements",
"text": "She never succeeded in isolating polonium, which has a half-life of only 138 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In her later years, she headed the Radium Institute (Institut du radium, now Curie Institute, Institut Curie), a radioactivity laboratory created for her by the Pasteur Institute and the University of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Several institutions bear her name, starting with the two Curie institutes: the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, in Warsaw and the Institut Curie in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New life in Paris",
"text": "In Pierre, Marie had found a new love, a partner, and a scientific collaborator on whom she could depend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie, who used both surnames, never lost her sense of Polish identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | World War I",
"text": "In spite of all her humanitarian contributions to the French war effort, Curie never received any formal recognition of it from the French government."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "The initiative for creating the Radium Institute had come in 1909 from Pierre Paul Émile Roux, director of the Pasteur Institute, who had been disappointed that the University of Paris was not giving Curie a proper laboratory and had suggested that she move to the Pasteur Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Still, as an old man and a mathematics professor at the Warsaw Polytechnic, he would sit contemplatively before the statue of Maria Skłodowska that had been erected in 1935 before the Radium Institute, which she had founded in 1932.At the beginning of 1890, Bronisława—who a few months earlier had married Kazimierz Dłuski, a Polish physician and social and political activist—invited Maria to join them in Paris."
}
] |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie has never founded an institution.
| 3 | 6 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is also the world's third-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung and Huawei."
}
] |
PZz0yCb3S8Y6rfGBI5TU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is also the world's third-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung and Huawei."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Finance",
"text": "Apple is the world's largest information technology company by revenue, the world's largest technology company by total assets, and the world's second-largest mobile phone manufacturer after Samsung."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apple is the world's largest technology company by revenue and one of the world's most valuable companies."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Success with mobile devices",
"text": "By October 2008, Apple was the third-largest mobile handset supplier in the world due to the popularity of the iPhone."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It operates the iTunes Store, which is the world's largest music retailer."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Manufacturing | Labor practices",
"text": "The Foxconn suicides occurred between January and November 2010, when 18 Foxconn (Chinese: 富士康) employees attempted suicide, resulting in 14 deaths—the company was the world's largest contract electronics manufacturer, for clients including Apple, at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1997–2007: Return to profitability",
"text": "Two years later, the iTunes Store was the world's largest music retailer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Success with mobile devices",
"text": "Apple would achieve widespread success with its iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad products, which introduced innovations in mobile phones, portable music players, and personal computers respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Manufacturing",
"text": "The import tax increases went into effect a few days later, with Apple being hurt the most out of all phone manufacturers, having nine of out ten phones imported into the country, whereas main smartphone competitor Samsung produces almost all of its devices locally."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Manufacturing",
"text": "Reuters reported in December 2017, that Apple and the Indian government were clashing over planned increases to import taxes for components used in mobile phone production, with Apple having engaged in talks with government officials to try to delay the plans, but the Indian government sticking to its policies of no exemptions to its \"Make in India\" initiative."
}
] |
Apple is the world's 2nd largest mobile phone manufacturer.
| 0 | 0 |
Apple Inc.
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The four presidential faces were carved into the granite with the intention of symbolizing \"an accomplishment born, planned, and created in the minds and by the hands of Americans for Americans\"."
}
] |
PbONbyedrHBJIEUJGrhx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Construction began in 1927, and the presidents' faces were completed between 1934 and 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The four presidential faces were carved into the granite with the intention of symbolizing \"an accomplishment born, planned, and created in the minds and by the hands of Americans for Americans\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mount Rushmore National Memorial is centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills in Keystone, South Dakota."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Lame Deer said that the staff formed a symbolic shroud over the presidents' faces \"which shall remain dirty until the treaties concerning the Black Hills are fulfilled."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "Coarse grained pegmatite dikes are associated with the granite intrusion of Black Elk Peak and are visibly lighter in color, thus explaining the light-colored streaks on the foreheads of the presidents."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "The face of Thomas Jefferson was dedicated in 1936, and the face of Abraham Lincoln was dedicated on September 17, 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "In 1939, the face of Theodore Roosevelt was dedicated."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "Mount Rushmore is largely composed of granite."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "By July 4, 1934, Washington's face had been completed and was dedicated."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "The components of Borglum's sealant included linseed oil, granite dust, and white lead, but a modern silicone replacement is now used, disguised with granite dust."
}
] |
The granite faces are of presidents.
| 0 | 1 |
Mount Rushmore National Memorial
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play's subject matter, very controversial for the 1920s, led to it being censored or banned in many cities outside New York."
}
] |
PbQd5EaU3yuW5z06Sz7Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strange Interlude is an experimental play in nine acts by American playwright Eugene O'Neill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play's subject matter, very controversial for the 1920s, led to it being censored or banned in many cities outside New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "MAD Magazine satirically combined the play with the television show Hazel in a piece that ran in the 1960s (\"A Strange Interlude With Hazey\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Strange Interlude was adapted by Hollywood only once, in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It was broadcast in the U.S. as part of the PBS series American Playhouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "On the first of three \"interludes\", he says, \"Pardon me while I have a strange interlude\", whereupon he walks over to the camera and makes ersatz philosophical comments to himself and the audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strange Interlude opened on Broadway on January 30, 1928, and won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Strange Interlude makes extensive use of a soliloquy technique, in which the characters speak their inner thoughts to the audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Charlotte Greenwood, in the 1942 film Springtime in the Rockies, begins her solo dance routine and soliloquy with \"strange interlude\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Soliloquy technique",
"text": "This leaves Nina free to marry Ned Darrell, but she declines to do so, choosing instead to marry the long-suffering Charlie Marsden, who proclaims that he now has \"all the luck at last.\" The meaning of the title is suggested by the aging Nina in a speech near the end of the play: \"Our lives are merely strange dark interludes in the electrical display of God the Father!\" Many who have never read Strange Interlude or seen it performed will nevertheless associate the title with the unusual soliloquy technique employed by O’Neill to delve into his characters’ psychology."
}
] |
Strange Interlude was an American play that was confined to New York because of its contentious theme.
| 0 | 0 |
Strange Interlude
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record of 45–32 with an earned run average of 3.42 in 164 minor league games."
}
] |
PbSD8hql78Aa2B2COsF8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After graduating from Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, California, he hitchhiked to Vulcan, Alberta, to toil as a kid pitcher with the semi-pro Vulcan Elks of the Foothills-Wheatbelt League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record of 45–32 with an earned run average of 3.42 in 164 minor league games."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gillick was born to former minor league baseball player Larry Gillick in Chico, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1997, Gillick was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick returned to his senior advisor role after the Phillies promoted Andy MacPhail to president, who first joined the Phillies organization as a special assistant to Gillick during the 2015 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2002, Gillick was inducted into the Toronto Blue Jays' Level of Excellence"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gillick had to wire his grandmother for $25 to finance his last leg from Montana to Vulcan."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick remained in the organization as a senior advisor to Amaro and Phillies president David Montgomery."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "In August 2014, Gillick became interim president of the Phillies while Montgomery was on medical leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2018, Gillick became the first executive inducted into the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame"
}
] |
Gillick was a pitcher.
| 1 | 5 |
Pat Gillick
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians."
}
] |
PbyhXTU34JugnapfskFM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "He responded to the treason charge, \"I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject.\" Following the trial, on 23 August 1305, Wallace was taken from the hall to the Tower of London, then stripped naked and dragged through the city at the heels of a horse to the Elms at Smithfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In August 1305, Wallace was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "Wallace was transported to London, lodged in the house of William de Leyrer, then taken to Westminster Hall, where he was tried for treason and for atrocities against civilians in war, \"sparing neither age nor sex, monk nor nun."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle of Stirling Bridge",
"text": "A pivotal charge, led by one of Wallace's captains, caused some of the English soldiers to retreat as others pushed forward, and under the overwhelming weight, the bridge collapsed and many English soldiers drowned."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir William Wallace (Scottish Gaelic: Uilleam Uallas, pronounced [ˈɯʎam ˈuəl̪ˠəs̪]; Norman French: William le Waleys; born c. 1270, died 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "Wallace evaded capture by the English until 5 August 1305 when John de Menteith, a Scottish knight loyal to Edward, turned Wallace over to English soldiers at Robroyston near Glasgow. (The site is commemorated by a small monument in the form of a Celtic cross.) Letters of safe conduct from Haakon V of Norway, Philip IV of France, and John Balliol, along with other documents, were found in Wallace's possession and delivered to Edward by John de Segrave."
},
{
"section_header": "Capture and execution",
"text": "The Wallace Sword, which supposedly belonged to Wallace, although some parts were made at least 160 years later, was held for many years in Dumbarton Castle and is now in the Wallace Monument."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Beer",
"text": "A number of beers are named for Wallace."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of the uprising",
"text": "Wallace and Moray were not involved, and continued their rebellions."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "In the early 19th century, Walter Scott wrote of Wallace in his short essay Exploits and Death of William Wallace, the \"Hero of Scotland\"."
}
] |
Wallace was charged with treason in 1305.
| 1 | 2 |
William Wallace
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Texas, Spacek initially aspired to a career as a singer."
}
] |
PbzYd94s8If3Ll48JDvU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mary Elizabeth \"Sissy\" Spacek (; born December 25, 1949) is an American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek's performance was widely praised, and Pauline Kael of The New Yorker wrote, \"Though few actresses have distinguished themselves in gothics, Sissy Spacek, who is onscreen almost continuously, gives a classic chameleon performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "And if you can continue, nothing else frightens you."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Texas, Spacek initially aspired to a career as a singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Violets Are Blue (1986). They have two daughters, Schuyler Fisk (born July 8, 1982) and Madison Fisk (born September 21, 1988)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert has credited the movie's success \"to the performance by Sissy Spacek as Loretta Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Spacek had to work hard to persuade director de Palma to engage her for the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s and Oscar win",
"text": "\" In addition, Andrew Sarris of The Village Voice wrote \"Sissy Spacek – yes, I'm flabbergasted – is simple and faithful as Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s and beginning of acting career",
"text": "Sissy Spacek uses her freckled pallor and whitish eyelashes to suggest a squashed, groggy girl who could go in any direction; at times, she seems unborn – a fetus."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s–2010s",
"text": "Other performances of this decade include unfaithful wife Ruth in Rodrigo García's Nine Lives (2005) and a turn as a woman suffering from Alzheimer's in the television movie Pictures of Hollis Woods (2007)."
}
] |
Sissy Spacek was born in Atlanta, Georgia and continues to live there when not working.
| 1 | 6 |
Sissy Spacek
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hugh Duffy (November 26, 1866 – October 19, 1954) was an American outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
Pc5p6Z35KSh3PIdN4POS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Duffy was born in Cranston, Rhode Island to Irish immigrant Michael Duffy and wife Margaret Duffy."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Duffy was a player-manager for the Phillies from 1904 to 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Duffy then became a scout for the Red Sox in 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Duffy agreed to manage the Chicago White Sox in 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Duffy spent three years (1907–1909) as manager of the Providence Grays."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "At one point during the season, Duffy had a 26-game hitting streak."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Duffy ended up replacing Billy Sunday as the team's regular right fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "From 1891 through 1900, Duffy knocked in 100 runs or more eight times."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumously",
"text": "In 2019, Duffy was inducted into the Atlanta Braves Hall of Fame, along with Terry Pendleton."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "During the 1902 and 1903 seasons, Duffy was player-manager for the Western League's Milwaukee franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hugh Duffy (November 26, 1866 – October 19, 1954) was an American outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
Duffy passed away in 1955.
| 0 | 0 |
Hugh Duffy
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Source novel",
"text": "Kubrick made several changes to the plot, including the addition of the final duel."
}
] |
PcWHlDKsajhFg4s3EitC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Lyndon is a 1975 period drama film written, directed, and produced by Stanley Kubrick, based on the 1844 novel The Luck of Barry Lyndon by William Makepeace Thackeray."
},
{
"section_header": "Source novel",
"text": "Kubrick felt that using a first-person narrative would not be useful in a film adaptation: I believe Thackeray used Redmond Barry to tell his own story in a deliberately distorted way because it made it more interesting."
},
{
"section_header": "Box office and reception | Cinematic analysis",
"text": "As with any Stanley Kubrick film, there are a great deal of subtle messages and deeper meanings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kubrick began production on Barry Lyndon after his 1971 film A Clockwork Orange."
},
{
"section_header": "Box office and reception | Re-evaluation",
"text": "Martin Scorsese has named Barry Lyndon as his favourite Kubrick film, and it is also one of Lars von Trier's favourite films."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "He told an interviewer, \"At one time, Vanity Fair interested me as a possible film but, in the end, I decided the story could not be successfully compressed into the relatively short time-span of a feature film ... as soon as I read Barry Lyndon I became very excited about it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Cinematography",
"text": "This is because the light through the cross-shaped windows is daylight from the sun, which when recorded on the film stock used by Kubrick showed up as blue-tinted compared to the incandescent electric light coming in from the side."
},
{
"section_header": "Box office and reception | Contemporaneous",
"text": "Kubrick has taken a novel about a social class and has turned it into an utterly comfortable story that conveys the stunning emptiness of upper-class life only 200 years past.\" He ranked the film fifth on his year-end list of the best films of 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": ", its characters pinned to the frame like butterflies.\" The film's period setting allowed Kubrick to indulge his penchant for classical music, and the film score uses pieces by Bach, Vivaldi, Paisiello, Mozart, and Schubert."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Cinematography",
"text": "He was threatened, and he packed his bag and went home\" The film—as with \"almost every Kubrick film\"—is a \"showcase for [a] major innovation in technique.\" While 2001: A Space Odyssey had featured \"revolutionary effects,\" and The Shining would later feature heavy use of the Steadicam, Barry Lyndon saw a considerable number of sequences shot \"without recourse to electric light."
},
{
"section_header": "Source novel",
"text": "Kubrick made several changes to the plot, including the addition of the final duel."
}
] |
Stanley Kubrick did not use the novel's ending in his film Barry Lyndon.
| 1 | 5 |
Barry Lyndon
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding antenna, but including a 244 m spire) of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in 2009.Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed five years later in 2009."
}
] |
PccEtUxRAyyaPxqjGVoG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Conception | History of height increases",
"text": "The architect who designed it, Adrian Smith, felt that the uppermost section of the building did not culminate elegantly with the rest of the structure, so he sought and received approval to increase its height."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design",
"text": "Without the spire, Burj Khalifa would be 585 meters tall."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure",
"text": "This weight was then divided by the compressive strength of concrete of which is 30 MPa which yielded a 450 sq.meters of vertical normal effective area, which then yielded to a 12 meters by 12 meters dimensions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Conception | History of height increases",
"text": "There are unconfirmed reports of several planned height increases since its inception."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design",
"text": "The Burj's typical curtain wall panels measure 4'6\" wide by 10'8\" high and weigh about 800 pounds each, with wider panels near the buildings edges and taller ones near the top."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A buttressed central core and wings are used to support the height of the building."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | The Dubai Fountain",
"text": "Outside, WET Enterprises designed a fountain system at a cost of Dh 800 million (US$217 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "Conception | History of height increases",
"text": "The building opened on 4 January 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure",
"text": "In May 2008 Putzmeister pumped concrete with more than 21 MPA ultimate compressive strength of gravel to surpass the 600 meters weight of the effective area of each column from the foundation to the next fourth level, and the rest was by metal columns jacketed or covered with concrete to a then world record delivery height of 606 m (1,988 ft), the 156th floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding antenna, but including a 244 m spire) of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in 2009.Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed five years later in 2009."
}
] |
The height of the building is 800 meters.
| 4 | 7 |
Burj Khalifa
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "The SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City and became the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season."
}
] |
PcrQPsR4BBMnBo7La6e4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "beginning play in 2021. Other professional sports teams include the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)'s Seattle Storm, who won the WNBA championship on three occasions in 2004 and 2010, and 2018; and the Seattle Reign of the National Women's Soccer League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "Seattle's professional sports history began at the start of the 20th century with the PCHA's Seattle Metropolitans, which in 1917 became the first American hockey team to win the Stanley Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "Seattle has three major men's professional sports teams: the National Football League (NFL)'s Seattle Seahawks, Major League Baseball (MLB) 's Seattle Mariners, and Major League Soccer (MLS) 's"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "Seattle also boasts two collegiate sports teams based at the University of Washington and Seattle University, both competing in NCAA Division I for various sports."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "From 1967 to 2008 Seattle was also home to a National Basketball Association (NBA) franchise: the Seattle SuperSonics, who were the 1978–79 NBA champions."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "The SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City and became the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "The Huskies teams use several facilities, including the 70,000-seat Husky Stadium for football and the Hec Edmundson Pavilion for basketball and volleyball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "The two schools have basketball and soccer teams that compete against each other in non-conference games and have formed a local rivalry due to their sporting success."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "The Seattle Thunderbirds hockey team plays in the Canadian major-junior Western Hockey League and are based in the Seattle suburb of Kent."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional sports",
"text": "Seattle successfully applied for a new expansion team with the National Hockey League called the Seattle Kraken, which will make its first appearance in 2021."
}
] |
Seattle has a wide variety of professional sports team including the Supersonics.
| 1 | 4 |
Seattle
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though the Ripkens called Aberdeen, Maryland their home, they were often on the move because of Cal Sr.'s coaching duties with the Baltimore Orioles organization."
}
] |
PcrTkDjX9Xsnv0Cdfcpn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2001",
"text": "Ripken's 1999 season ended early due to injury when he was only nine hits away from joining the 3,000 hit club."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was able to receive instruction from players on his father's teams, notably Doug DeCinces."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "To begin Ripken's minor league career, the Orioles assigned him to the Bluefield Orioles of the rookie Appalachian League."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After being released by the Nationals in March 2017, he signed with the Orioles and was assigned to the Aberdeen Ironbirds, which were owned by his father and played at a stadium that carries the family name."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ripken's career range factor was 4.73 (and as high as 5.50 for a single season), a mark few shortstops have reached."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ripken's power, which led to records such as most home runs by a shortstop and 13th place in career doubles, had consequences."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1991–1995",
"text": "For the first time in Ripken's career, he became the only Ripken in the Orioles' organization, as the Orioles ousted his father as coach and traded Billy to Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "On deciding to go straight from high school to the professional level, he said, \"When the colleges started coming around, Dad and I talked about mostly whether I was going to pursue a career in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles | 1996–2001",
"text": "In a tribute to Ripken's achievements and stature in the game, shortstop Alex Rodriguez (unknowingly foreshadowing his own future) insisted on exchanging positions with third baseman Ripken for the first inning, so that Ripken could play shortstop as he had for most of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Because of Ripken's success during his career, he became a prominent advertising figure, appearing in advertisements for brands such as Nike, Chevrolet, True Value Hardware, Wheaties, PowerAde, and other companies, some of which were small, Maryland businesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though the Ripkens called Aberdeen, Maryland their home, they were often on the move because of Cal Sr.'s coaching duties with the Baltimore Orioles organization."
}
] |
Ripken's family relocated often due to his father's military career.
| 4 | 5 |
Cal Ripken Jr.
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Her parents encouraged her to pursue music, and enrolled her in Creative Arts Camp."
}
] |
PdNt6mVMmligNq5W4Cjd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Her parents encouraged her to pursue music, and enrolled her in Creative Arts Camp."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Both of her parents have Italian ancestry, and she also has more distant French-Canadian roots."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Her parents are Cynthia Louise (née Bissett), a philanthropist and business executive, and Internet entrepreneur Joseph Germanotta, and she has a younger sister named Natali."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Brought up in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, Gaga said in an interview that her parents came from lower-class families and worked hard for everything."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "She has posttraumatic stress disorder that she attributes to the incident, and says that support from doctors, family and friends has helped her."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "As a bisexual woman, Gaga actively supports LGBT rights worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "She supported former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton for president in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Born This Way Foundation",
"text": "May. 25% of each purchase support Gaga's foundation and the Elton John AIDS Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | LGBT advocacy",
"text": "Gaga spoke at the 2009 National Equality March in Washington in support of the LGBT movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Born This Way Foundation",
"text": "Gaga revealed her personal struggles with mental health in her letter and how she was able to get support which saved her life: “I know what it means to have someone support me and understand what I’m going through, and every young person in the world should have someone to turn to when they’re hurting."
}
] |
Lady Gaga's parents were supportive of a career in computer science
| 5 | 7 |
Lady Gaga
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Faraday (; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry."
}
] |
PdzD8jzons5yMSSQSKVb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Einstein kept a picture of Faraday on his study wall, alongside pictures of Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards named in Faraday's honor",
"text": "The Institute of Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Faraday, Michael (1859). Experimental Researches in Chemistry and Physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was by his research on the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a direct current that Faraday established the basis for the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific achievements | Faraday cage",
"text": "This is because the exterior charges redistribute such that the interior fields emanating from them cancel one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Faraday (; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards named in Faraday's honor",
"text": "This include: The IET Faraday Medal"
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific achievements | Electricity and magnetism",
"text": "His demonstrations established that a changing magnetic field produces an electric field; this relation was modelled mathematically by James Clerk Maxwell as Faraday's law, which subsequently became one of the four Maxwell equations, and which have in turn evolved into the generalization known today as field theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific achievements | Chemistry",
"text": "A specimen of one of these heavy glasses subsequently became historically important; when the glass was placed in a magnetic field Faraday determined the rotation of the plane of polarisation of light."
}
] |
Michael Faraday contributions to the field physics gave way to new discovery including one by Albert Einstein.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Faraday
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some modern editions use a revised version printed in 1817 that featured a gloss."
}
] |
PeIC9qQeOBylrbgXoTlQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some modern editions use a revised version printed in 1817 that featured a gloss."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Its lyrics refer to someone having an albatross around their neck."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In the second edition of Lyrical Ballads, published in 1800, he replaced many of the archaic words."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Along with other poems in Lyrical Ballads, it is often considered a signal shift to modern poetry and the beginning of British Romantic literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Wordsworth's comments",
"text": "If the volume should come to a second Edition I would put in its place some little things which would be more likely to suit the common taste."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The phrase \"Water, water, every where, / Nor any drop to drink\" has appeared widely in popular culture, but usually given in a more natural modern phrasing as \"Water, water, everywhere"
},
{
"section_header": "Wordsworth's comments",
"text": "However, when Lyrical Ballads was reprinted, Wordsworth included it despite Coleridge's objections, writing: The Poem of my Friend has indeed great defects; first, that the principal person has no distinct character, either in his profession of Mariner, or as a human being who having been long under the control of supernatural impressions might be supposed himself to partake of something supernatural; secondly, that he does not act, but is continually acted upon; thirdly, that the events having no necessary connection do not produce each other; and lastly, that the imagery is somewhat too laboriously accumulated."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rhyme of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical Ballads."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspiration for the poem",
"text": "As they discussed Shelvocke's book, Wordsworth proffered the following developmental critique to Coleridge, which importantly contains a reference to tutelary spirits: \"Suppose you represent him as having killed one of these birds on entering the south sea, and the tutelary spirits of these regions take upon them to avenge the crime.\" By the time the trio finished their walk, the poem had taken shape."
}
] |
There have been modern editions.
| 1 | 4 |
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived and brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Sinking",
"text": "About 710 people survived the disaster and were conveyed by Carpathia to New York, Titanic's original destination, while at least 1,500 people lost their lives."
}
] |
PenANicRjNDNgcmzoPrG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Arrival of Carpathia in New York",
"text": "RMS Carpathia took three days to reach New York after leaving the scene of the disaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived and brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Sinking",
"text": "Only five of them were helped into the lifeboats, though the lifeboats had room for almost 500 more people."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Passengers",
"text": "Some of the most prominent people of the day booked a passage aboard Titanic, travelling in First Class."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Arrival of Carpathia in New York",
"text": "Carpathia docked at 9:30 p.m. on 18 April at New York's Pier 54 and was greeted by some 40,000 people waiting at the quayside in heavy rain."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Arrival of Carpathia in New York",
"text": "Some of the wealthier survivors chartered private trains to take them home, and the Pennsylvania Railroad laid on a special train free of charge to take survivors to Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Arrival of Carpathia in New York",
"text": "Later that day, confirmation came through that Titanic had been lost and that most of her passengers and crew had died."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Sinking",
"text": "About 710 people survived the disaster and were conveyed by Carpathia to New York, Titanic's original destination, while at least 1,500 people lost their lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Atlantic crossing",
"text": "A fire had begun in one of Titanic's coal bunkers approximately 10 days prior to the ship's departure, and continued to burn for several days into its voyage, but passengers were unaware of this situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Survivors and victims",
"text": "Some survivors died shortly afterwards; injuries and the effects of exposure caused the deaths of several of those brought aboard Carpathia."
}
] |
Carpathia helped about 705 people from the Titanic taking several days to reach America.
| 0 | 0 |
Titanic
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The Chinese Jiaqing Emperor issued edicts making opium illegal in 1729, 1799, 1814, and 1831, but imports grew as smugglers found it handsomely profitable and shared their wealth with local officials. ."
}
] |
Peq5sUELoe81DygCoC0R
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The First Opium War began in 1839 and was fought over trade, financial reparations, and diplomatic status."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "20,000 chests (1,300 metric tons) of opium were handed over to Lin and destroyed at Humen."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "Some Americans entered the trade by smuggling opium from Turkey into China."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Opium War",
"text": "Britain now sought greater concessions from China, including the legalization of the opium trade, expansion of the trade in coolies (cheap labourers), opening all of China to British merchants and opium traffickers, and to exempt foreign imports from internal transit duties."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In the ensuing conflict, the Royal Navy used its naval and gunnery power to inflict a series of decisive defeats on the Chinese Empire,The war was concluded by the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing) in 1842, the first of the treaties between China and Western powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In each war, the European forces used recently developed warfare technology to defeat the Qing forces and compelled the government to grant favorable tariffs, trade concessions, and territory."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "Charles Elliott then wrote to London advising the use of military force against the Chinese."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In earlier times, opium was ingested for medicinal purposes, and relatively harmless, but the new practice of smoking opium made its use recreational, and even if not always addictive, increased demand tremendously."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the East India Company sent the opium to their warehouses in the free-trade region of Canton (Guangzhou), from where Chinese smugglers would take the opium farther into China."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "In the eighteenth century, China enjoyed a favorable trade balance with Europe, selling porcelains, silk, and tea in exchange for silver."
},
{
"section_header": "First Opium War",
"text": "The Chinese Jiaqing Emperor issued edicts making opium illegal in 1729, 1799, 1814, and 1831, but imports grew as smugglers found it handsomely profitable and shared their wealth with local officials. ."
}
] |
The opium wars got their name from disputes happening over banning opium trade in China from the US.
| 1 | 2 |
Opium Wars
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "As Johann Jakob prospered, the family moved over the years to ever better accommodation in Hamburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "Johann Jakob gave his son his first musical training; Johannes also learnt to play the violin and the basics of playing the cello."
}
] |
PevFCrYjR7FYyDRPN4xe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "Brahms's father, Johann Jakob Brahms (1806–72), was from the town of Heide in Holstein."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "As Johann Jakob prospered, the family moved over the years to ever better accommodation in Hamburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Maturity (1862–1876)",
"text": "From 1864 to 1876 he spent many of his summers in Lichtental, today part of Baden-Baden, where Clara Schumann and her family also spent some time."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "Johann Jakob gave his son his first musical training; Johannes also learnt to play the violin and the basics of playing the cello."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Last years (1890–1897)",
"text": "In the summer of 1896 Brahms was diagnosed as having jaundice, and later in the year his Viennese doctor diagnosed him as having cancer of the liver (from which his father Jakob had died)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1833–1850)",
"text": "Against the family's will, Johann Jakob pursued a career in music, arriving in Hamburg in 1826, where he found work as a jobbing musician and a string and wind player."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Maturity (1862–1876)",
"text": "Finding however that the post encroached too much of the time he needed for composing, he left the choir in June 1864."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Influence",
"text": "Busoni's early music shows much Brahmsian influence, and Brahms took an interest in him, though Busoni later tended to disparage Brahms."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Maturity (1862–1876)",
"text": "Brahms however retained at this time and later a keen interest in Wagner's music, helping with preparations for Wagner's Vienna concerts in 1862/63, and being rewarded by Tausig with a manuscript of part of Wagner's Tannhäuser (which Wagner demanded back in 1875)."
}
] |
Brahms's father, Johann Jakob Brahms, spent much of his time teaching music in Vienna to feed his family.
| 0 | 0 |
Johannes Brahms
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At the age of three, Arrhenius taught himself to read without the encouragement of his parents, and by watching his father's addition of numbers in his account books, became an arithmetical prodigy."
}
] |
PfXBIaJARF25szuMpyIr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "He was married twice, first to his former pupil Sofia Rudbeck (1894 to 1896), with whom he had one son Olof Arrhenius, and then to Maria Johansson (1905 to 1927), with whom he had two daughters and a son."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later years",
"text": "Gordon Stein wrote that Svante Arrhenius was an atheist."
},
{
"section_header": "Greenhouse effect",
"text": "in the air should sink to one-half its present percentage, the temperature would fall by about 4°; a diminution to one-quarter would reduce the temperature by 8°."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Arrhenius was born on 19 February 1859 at Vik (also spelled Wik or Wijk), near Uppsala, Kingdom of Sweden, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, the son of Svante Gustav and Carolina Thunberg Arrhenius."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Arrhenius, Svante. Die Verbreitung des Lebens"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle period",
"text": "In 1889 Arrhenius explained the fact that most reactions require added heat energy to proceed by formulating the concept of activation energy, an energy barrier that must be overcome before two molecules will react."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Svante August Arrhenius (; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Svante Arrhenius, 1906, Die vermutliche Ursache der Klimaschwankungen, Meddelanden från K. Vetenskapsakademiens Nobelinstitut, Vol 1"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Svante Arrhenius, 1901b, Über Die Wärmeabsorption Durch Kohlensäure Und Ihren Einfluss Auf Die Temperatur Der Erdoberfläche."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At the age of three, Arrhenius taught himself to read without the encouragement of his parents, and by watching his father's addition of numbers in his account books, became an arithmetical prodigy."
}
] |
Svante Arrhenius learned how to write on his own at only two years old.
| 2 | 6 |
Svante Arrhenius
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He went on a mission to Bithynia to secure the assistance of King Nicomedes's fleet, but he spent so long at Nicomedes' court that rumours arose of an affair with the king, which Caesar vehemently denied for the rest of his life."
}
] |
PfiR3mBXtWgUcaIHv58B
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Rumors of passive homosexuality",
"text": "Caesar himself denied the accusations repeatedly throughout his lifetime, and according to Cassius Dio, even under oath on one occasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He went on a mission to Bithynia to secure the assistance of King Nicomedes's fleet, but he spent so long at Nicomedes' court that rumours arose of an affair with the king, which Caesar vehemently denied for the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Rumors of passive homosexuality",
"text": "The stories were repeated, referring to Caesar as the Queen of Bithynia, by some Roman politicians as a way to humiliate him."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Rumors of passive homosexuality",
"text": "Indeed, Suetonius says that in Caesar's Gallic triumph, his soldiers sang that, \"Caesar may have conquered the Gauls, but Nicomedes conquered Caesar.\" According to Cicero, Bibulus, Gaius Memmius, and others (mainly Caesar's enemies), he had an affair with Nicomedes IV of Bithynia early in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He maintained an attitude of superiority throughout his captivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Consulship and military campaigns",
"text": "Roman satirists ever after referred to the year as \"the consulship of Julius and Caesar."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Despite their ancient pedigree, the Julii Caesares were not especially politically influential, although they had enjoyed some revival of their political fortunes in the early 1st century BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "After an especially great victory, army troops in the field would proclaim their commander imperator, an acclamation necessary for a general to apply to the Senate for a triumph."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and physical appearance",
"text": "The playwright may have been making metaphorical use of a passage in Plutarch that does not refer to deafness at all, but rather to a gesture Alexander of Macedon customarily made."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Rumors of passive homosexuality",
"text": "Mark Antony charged that Octavian had earned his adoption by Caesar through sexual favors."
}
] |
Caesar denied homosexual tendencies throughout his life, especially in reference to Nicomedes.
| 5 | 8 |
Julius Caesar
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War."
}
] |
PgFieEmRy5SVQ7DrrnO0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary of chapters | Chapter five",
"text": "He describes rats that \"really were as big as cats, or nearly\" (in Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, the protagonist Winston Smith has a phobia of rats that Orwell himself shared to a lesser degree)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary of chapters | Chapter nine",
"text": "\"It was the antagonism between those who wished the revolution to go forward and those who wished to check or prevent it—ultimately, between Anarchists and Communists.\" Orwell relates his involvement in the Barcelona street fighting that began on 3 May when the Government Assault Guards tried to take the Telephone Exchange from the CNT workers who controlled it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary of chapters | Chapter ten",
"text": "Orwell predicts that the \"tendency of the post-war Government ... is bound to be Fascistic.\" He returns to the front, where he is shot through the throat by a sniper, an injury that takes him out of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary of chapters | Chapter ten",
"text": "Here he begins with musings on how the Spanish Civil War might turn out."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "\" Franz Borkenau, in a letter to Orwell of June 1938, called the book, together with his own The Spanish Cockpit, a complete \"picture of the revolutionary phase of the Spanish War.\" According to Raymond Carr: The Spanish Civil war produced a spate of bad literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Orwell himself had called, in July 1937, \"the best book yet written on the subject\" of the Spanish war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations fighting for the POUM militia of the Republican army during the Spanish Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The war was one of the defining events of his political outlook and a significant part of what led him to write in 1946, \"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for Democratic Socialism, as I understand it.\" The first edition was published in the United Kingdom in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary of chapters | Chapter one",
"text": "He describes the deficiencies of the POUM workers' militia, the absence of weapons, the recruits mostly boys of sixteen or seventeen ignorant of the meaning of war, half-complains about the sometimes frustrating tendency of Spaniards to put things off until \"mañana\" (tomorrow), notes his struggles with Spanish (or more usually, the local use of Catalan)."
},
{
"section_header": "The Crystal Spirit",
"text": "The poem was included in Orwell's 1942 essay \"Looking Back on the Spanish War\", published in New Road in 1943.The closing phrase of the poem, \"No bomb that ever burst shatters the crystal spirit\", was later taken by George Woodcock for the title of his Governor General's Award-winning critical study of Orwell and his work, The Crystal Spirit (1966)."
}
] |
This novel is a first-hand recording] of the author's involvement in war.
| 0 | 0 |
Homage to Catalonia
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through a number of successful wars, he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power and also laid the groundwork for the Imperial Russian Navy after capturing ports at Azov and the Baltic Sea."
}
] |
PgUvOvrpXFWYfj7fSwzf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "Peter, overestimating the support he would receive from his Balkan allies, attacked the Ottoman Empire, initiating the Russo-Turkish War of 1710."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through a number of successful wars, he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power and also laid the groundwork for the Imperial Russian Navy after capturing ports at Azov and the Baltic Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "In 1721, the Treaty of Nystad ended the Great Northern War."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "While the Poles fought the Swedes, Peter founded the city of Saint Petersburg in 1703, in Ingermanland (a province of the Swedish Empire that he had captured)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "Peter made a temporary peace with the Ottoman Empire that allowed him to keep the captured fort of Azov, and turned his attention to Russian maritime supremacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "Peter's campaign in the Ottoman Empire was disastrous, and in the ensuing Treaty of the Pruth, Peter was forced to return the Black Sea ports he had seized in 1697."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "He sought to acquire control of the Baltic Sea, which had been taken by the Swedish Empire a half-century earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "Peter declared war on Sweden, which was at the time led by the young King Charles XII."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "The battle was a decisive defeat for the Swedish forces, ending Charles' campaign in Ukraine and forcing him south to seek refuge in the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peter, warned by others from the Streltsy, escaped in the middle of the night to the impenetrable monastery of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra; there he slowly gathered adherents who perceived he would win the power struggle."
}
] |
Peter the Great enlarged the Tsardome into a bigger empire by winning wars.
| 0 | 0 |
Peter the Great
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sir Lucius pays Lucy to carry love notes between him and Lydia (who uses the name \"Delia\"), but Lucy is swindling him: \"Delia\" is actually Mrs. Malaprop."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Thomas, Sir Anthony's servant Lydia Languish, a wealthy teenaged heiress, in love with \"Ensign Beverley\" Mrs. Malaprop, Lydia's middle-aged guardian Julia Melville, a young relation of the Absolutes, in love with Faulkland"
}
] |
PgiJPpwDoVhN0kMSUOFK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "The Rivals was Sheridan's first play."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They will meet at the same time as Acres is scheduled to fight \"Beverley\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sir Lucius pays Lucy to carry love notes between him and Lydia (who uses the name \"Delia\"), but Lucy is swindling him: \"Delia\" is actually Mrs. Malaprop."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lucy, Lydia's conniving maid The play is set in 18th-century Bath, a town that was legendary for conspicuous consumption and fashion at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mrs. Malaprop announces that she is Delia, but Sir Lucius recoils in horror, realising that he has been hoaxed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reception",
"text": "The actor, Lee, after being hit with an apple during the performance, stopped and addressed the audience, asking \"By the pow'rs, is it personal? — is it me, or the matter?\" Apparently, it was both."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "In a short time, however, he completed The Rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He meets Jack, who, smarting from Lydia's rejection, agrees to fight him without even knowing the reason."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Maverick adaptation (1958)",
"text": "The episode was called \"The Rivals\" and the original playwright was given due credit."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Rivals (New Mermaids 1979, Elizabeth Duthie, Ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Thomas, Sir Anthony's servant Lydia Languish, a wealthy teenaged heiress, in love with \"Ensign Beverley\" Mrs. Malaprop, Lydia's middle-aged guardian Julia Melville, a young relation of the Absolutes, in love with Faulkland"
}
] |
In the play The Rivals, Delia and Lydia's chaperone are the same person.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rivals
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, then capital of the Republic of Genoa, the third of the six children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo) Paganini."
}
] |
Pgyxjo8YLCOAV1NBfWcD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dramatic portrayals",
"text": "In the Soviet 1982 miniseries Niccolo Paganini, the musician was portrayed by the Armenian actor Vladimir Msryan."
},
{
"section_header": "Fiorini daguerreotype",
"text": "Although no photographs of Paganini are known to exist, in 1900 Italian violin maker Giuseppe Fiorini forged the now famous fake daguerreotype of the celebrated violinist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niccolò (or Nicolò) Paganini (Italian: [ni(k)koˈlɔ ppaɡaˈniːni] (listen); 27 October 1782 – 27 May 1840) was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Travelling virtuoso",
"text": "As a result, Paganini began to attract the attention of other prominent, though more conservative, musicians across Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspired works",
"text": "7. 7. Uli Jon Roth – \"Scherzo alla Paganini\" and \"Paganini Paraphrase\" Robert Schumann – Studies after Caprices by Paganini, Op. 3 (1832; piano); 6 Concert Studies on Caprices by Paganini, Op. 10 (1833, piano)."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "In this, his style is consistent with that of other Italian composers such as Giovanni Paisiello, Gioachino Rossini and Gaetano Donizetti, who were influenced by the guitar-song milieu of Naples during this period."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspired works",
"text": "Franz Lehár – Paganini, a fictionalized operetta about Paganini (1925) Franz Liszt –"
},
{
"section_header": "Inspired works",
"text": "Notable examples include Brahms's Variations on a Theme of Paganini and Rachmaninoff's Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Late career and health decline",
"text": "Neither, however, considered Paganini helpful or inspirational."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "By 1800, Paganini and his father traveled to Livorno, where Paganini played in concerts and his father resumed his maritime work."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, then capital of the Republic of Genoa, the third of the six children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo) Paganini."
}
] |
Niccolo Paganini was a famous Italian musician that had 3 older siblings.
| 0 | 1 |
Niccolò Paganini
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro)."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of San Stefano",
"text": "Furthermore, by using as a foundation the Treaties of Paris (1856) and of Washington (1871), the treaty rearranged the East."
}
] |
PhavLBXtvFxeyrDdAkFi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bismarck as host",
"text": "Though most of Europe went into the Congress expecting a diplomatic show, much like the Congress of Vienna, they were to be sadly disappointed."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Medlicott, William Norton. Congress of Berlin and After (1963) Medlicott, W. N. \"Diplomatic Relations after the Congress of Berlin\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In Russia, the Congress of Berlin was considered to be a dismal failure."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "\"The Berlin Congress of 1878 and the Origins Of World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Britain and the Eastern Question, 1875–78 (1979) Seton-Watson, R.W. Disraeli, Gladstone, and the Eastern question: a study in diplomacy and party politics (1935) pp"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "How and even whether that was to proceed would be the major question to be answered at the Congress of Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a result, Ottoman lands in Europe declined sharply, Bulgaria was established as an independent principality within the Ottoman Empire, Eastern Rumelia was restored to the Ottoman Empire under a special administration and the region of Macedonia was returned outright to the Ottoman Empire, which promised reform."
},
{
"section_header": "Bismarck as host",
"text": "Also, at the Congress of Berlin, \"Germany could not look for any advantage from the crisis\" that had occurred in the Balkans in 1875."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of the era's six great powers in Europe (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bismarck as host",
"text": "He used the Great Eastern Crisis of 1875 as proof of growing animosity in the region."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of San Stefano",
"text": "Furthermore, by using as a foundation the Treaties of Paris (1856) and of Washington (1871), the treaty rearranged the East."
}
] |
The Congress of Berlin reshaped eastern Europe.
| 0 | 0 |
Congress of Berlin
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Alston was an unknown at the major league level and the New York Daily News reported his hiring with the headline \"Walter Who?\"Becoming immediately known for his quiet nature, Alston was sometimes referred to as \"The Quiet Man\"."
}
] |
PhuKyCKCiyNmT4FlamXq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Emmons Alston (December 1, 1911 – October 1, 1984), nicknamed \"Smokey\", was an American baseball player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Alston was an unknown at the major league level and the New York Daily News reported his hiring with the headline \"Walter Who?\"Becoming immediately known for his quiet nature, Alston was sometimes referred to as \"The Quiet Man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Ohio State Route 177 was named the Walter \"Smokey\" Alston Memorial Highway in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Final years as manager",
"text": "Koppett said that Alston's loyalty and subdued nature contributed to the stability that the team enjoyed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had a calm, reticent demeanor, for which he was sometimes also known as \"The Quiet Man.\" Alston grew up in rural Ohio and lettered in baseball and basketball at Miami University in Oxford."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alston attended Milford Township High School in Darrtown, and received the nickname \"Smokey\" as a high school pitcher, owing to the speed of his fastball."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Tommy Lasorda, who played and coached under Alston and ultimately succeeded him as manager, commented on how easy it was to play for Alston."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Sportswriters had difficulty writing about Alston at first because he did not say much."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Final years as manager",
"text": "O'Malley once commented that Alston was \"non-irritating."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alston was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983."
}
] |
Walter Alston was given a nickname for his calm nature.
| 0 | 5 |
Walter Alston
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Worldwide, Chicago was the highest grossing live action musical with $306 million, a record that was then broken by Mamma Mia!."
}
] |
PiLhWeC91iIZ2QZ6ARKy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Velma Kelly perform (\"Overture/All That Jazz\") at a Chicago theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It explores the themes of celebrity, scandal, and corruption in Chicago during the Jazz Age."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chicago is a 2002 American musical black comedy crime film based on the 1975 stage musical of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Legacy",
"text": "and the hip hop centered film 8 Mile in 2002, is widely considered to be responsible for ushering a re-emergence of the musical film genre in the 21st century."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Combined, the film grossed $306,776,732 worldwide, which was, at the time, the highest gross of any film never to reach #1 or #2 in the weekly box office charts in the North American markets (Canada and United States—where it peaked at #3)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "Although he died before realizing his version, Fosse's distinctive jazz choreography style is evident throughout the 2002 film, and he is thanked in the credits."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and development",
"text": "Chicago was filmed in Toronto, Ontario, Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The two stage a spectacular performance that earns them the love of the audience and the press (\" Nowadays / Hot Honey Rag\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical response",
"text": "Tim Robey, writer for The Daily Telegraph in the United Kingdom, labeled Chicago as \"The best screen musical for 30 years.\" He also stated that it has taken a \"three-step tango for us to welcome back the movie musical as a form.\" Robey said \"This particular Chicago makes the most prolific use it possibly can out of one specific advantage the cinema has over the stage when it comes to song and dance: it's a sustained celebration of parallel montage.\" Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, calling it \"Big, brassy fun\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Rivera originated the role of Velma Kelly in the Broadway musical Chicago in 1975; her appearance in the film is a cameo."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Worldwide, Chicago was the highest grossing live action musical with $306 million, a record that was then broken by Mamma Mia!."
}
] |
During its time in the theater, Chicago (2002 film), was the largest earning movie.
| 1 | 3 |
Chicago (2002 film)
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "Maine has the highest percentage of French Americans of any state."
}
] |
PiYwc8Pz22zHUlCRu2TT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "has experienced a very slow rate of population growth since the 1990 census; its rate of growth (0.57%) since the 2010 census ranks 45th of the 50 states."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Taxation",
"text": "Maine's general sales tax rate is 5.5 percent."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Maine is the number one U.S. producer of low-bush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "Maine has the highest percentage of French Americans of any state."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "French-speakers are the state's chief linguistic minority; census figures show that Maine has the highest percentage of people speaking French at home of any state: 5.28% of Maine households are French-speaking, compared with 4.68% in Louisiana, which is the second highest state."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Although rarely spoken, Spanish is the third-most-common language in Maine, after English and French."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The French named the entire area Acadia, including the portion that later became the state of Maine."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "This data includes both low (wild), and high-bush (cultivated) blueberries: Vaccinium corymbosum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maine is known for its jagged, rocky coastline; low, rolling mountains; heavily forested interior; and picturesque waterways; and its seafood cuisine, especially lobster and clams."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The state legislature in 2001 adopted a resolution establishing Franco-American Day, which stated that the state was named after the former French province of Maine."
}
] |
Maine has a low rate of French descant.
| 0 | 1 |
Maine
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hudson was a center of anti-slavery activity and debate, and Owen participated fully, offering a safe house to Underground Railroad fugitives."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1805, the family moved to Hudson, Ohio, where Owen Brown opened a tannery; there is a historical marker at the site of their house."
}
] |
PjCWy1mkmbKPPTSKWUve
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "It \"was a major stop on the [Underground] Railroad, marking its place in history from 1825 to 1835."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments | Historical markers",
"text": "Kent, Ohio: marker for Underground Railroad"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments",
"text": "There is a bronze plaque. The long-abandoned town Quindaro was a major stop on the Underground Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Transformative years in Springfield, Massachusetts",
"text": "Brown's personal attitudes evolved in Springfield, as he observed the success of the city's Underground Railroad and made his first venture into militant, anti-slavery community organizing."
},
{
"section_header": "Transformative years in Springfield, Massachusetts",
"text": "\" During Brown's time in Springfield, he became deeply involved in transforming the city into a major center of abolitionism, and one of the safest and most significant stops on the Underground Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Gathering forces",
"text": "According to Delany, during the convention, Brown illuminated his plans to make Kansas rather than Canada the end of the Underground Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hudson was a center of anti-slavery activity and debate, and Owen participated fully, offering a safe house to Underground Railroad fugitives."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "The Tie that Bound Us: The Women of John Brown's Family and the Legacy of Radical Abolitionism."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Brown was born May 9, 1800, in Torrington, Connecticut."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Raid on Harpers Ferry armory",
"text": "Altogether Brown's men killed four people, and wounded nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1805, the family moved to Hudson, Ohio, where Owen Brown opened a tannery; there is a historical marker at the site of their house."
}
] |
John Brown's family provided a hiding place for people who was a part of the Underground Railroad in Connecticut.
| 2 | 3 |
John Brown (abolitionist)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Arkansas to poor cotton farmers, Cash rose to fame in the prominent country music scene in Memphis, Tennessee, after four years in the United States Air Force."
}
] |
PjEngb0dF6dfZdIGcZnA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military service",
"text": "After basic training at Lackland Air Force Base and technical training at Brooks Air Force Base, both in San Antonio, Texas, Cash was assigned to the 12th Radio Squadron Mobile of the U.S. Air Force Security Service at Landsberg, West Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service",
"text": "Cash enlisted in the United States Air Force on July 7, 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Arkansas to poor cotton farmers, Cash rose to fame in the prominent country music scene in Memphis, Tennessee, after four years in the United States Air Force."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On July 18, 1951, while in Air Force basic training, Cash met 17-year-old Italian-American Vivian Liberto at a roller skating rink in San Antonio, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years and death",
"text": "The illness forced Cash to curtail his touring."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When he enlisted in the United States Air Force, he was not permitted to use initials as a first name, so he changed it to John R. Cash."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Johnny's drinking led to several run-ins with local law enforcement."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Outlaw image",
"text": "This film was aired on PBS in February and November 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years and death",
"text": "… I couldn't listen to those recordings for two years after he died and it was heartbreaking when we did."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2016, the Nashville Sounds Minor League Baseball team added the \"Country Legends Race\" to its between-innings entertainment."
}
] |
Cash was in the Air Force for 4 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Johnny Cash
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese."
}
] |
PjJufLwLw9jQVXbm2qXk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life in Classical Sparta | Education",
"text": "In this respect, classical Sparta was unique in ancient Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "The ancients sometimes used a back-formation, referring to the land of Lacedaemon as Lacedaemonian country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sparta was unique in ancient Greece for its social system and constitution, which were supposedly introduced by the semi-mythical legislator Lycurgus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (Λακεδαίμων, Lakedaímōn), while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Around 650 BCE, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sparta (Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, Spártā; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, Spártē) was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The admiration of Sparta is known as Laconism or Laconophilia."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure of Classical Spartan society | Constitution",
"text": "24).Civil and criminal cases were decided by a group of officials known as the ephors, as well as a council of elders known as the gerousia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Classical Sparta",
"text": "In the Second Messenian War, Sparta established itself as a local power in the Peloponnesus and the rest of Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology",
"text": "Lacedaemon (Greek: Λακεδαίμων) was a mythical king of Laconia."
}
] |
The city-state in ancient Greece, Sparta, was also known as Lacedaemon.
| 0 | 0 |
Sparta
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" The Washington Post reported that Galvin used the Brown-Séquard elixir, which contained monkey testosterone, before a single game in 1889."
}
] |
PjRtRjLLPQrZhXJXuS7i
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He played for the Allegheny club from 1885 to 1889, pitching over 300 innings each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Galvin played in an era where two-man pitching rotations were common – hence his 6,003 innings pitched and 646 complete games, both of which are second only to the career totals of Cy Young."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Galvin was traded to the Pittsburgh Alleghenys midseason in 1885."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "On June 14, 1892, Galvin was traded to the St. Louis Browns."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "The nickname \"Pud\" originated because Galvin was said to make hitters \"look like pudding."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Galvin grew up in Kerry Patch, an Irish neighborhood in St. Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In honor of his achievements in Buffalo, Galvin was inducted into the Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.A 2006 NPR article referred to Galvin as \"the first baseball player to be widely known for using a performance-enhancing substance."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "\" Galvin was also nicknamed \"The Little Steam Engine\", a tribute to his power in spite of his small size."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Galvin holds the record for most games started in a single season by a pitcher before 1893, 75 (tied with Will White)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Galvin died poor at age 45 on March 7, 1902, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and, as a Roman Catholic, is buried in Calvary Catholic Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" The Washington Post reported that Galvin used the Brown-Séquard elixir, which contained monkey testosterone, before a single game in 1889."
}
] |
Pub Galvin didn't ever imbibe primate hormones to play better.
| 0 | 0 |
Pud Galvin
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "The cause of death was not disclosed."
}
] |
PkzgJBG8SUz9TUbzPZkW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life",
"text": "Fidel Castro's religious beliefs have been a matter of some debate; he was baptized and raised as a Roman Catholic, but he identified himself as an atheist."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Retirement and final years: 2008–2016",
"text": "He continued meeting foreign leaders and dignitaries, and that month photographs were released of Castro's meeting with Argentine President Cristina Fernández."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Family, friends, and extramarital affairs",
"text": "Castro's first wife was Mirta Díaz-Balart, whom he married in October 1948, and together they had a son, Fidel Ángel \"Fidelito\" Castro Díaz-Balart, born in September 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years | Death",
"text": "The cause of death was not disclosed."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Family, friends, and extramarital affairs",
"text": "Fidel had another daughter, Francisca Pupo (born 1953), the result of a one-night affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership | Consolidating leadership: 1959–1960",
"text": "Around 200 policemen were on the scene, but the protesters continued to chant slogans and throw pennies in support of Fidel Castro's socialist movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership | Economic stagnation and Third World politics: 1969–1974",
"text": "Under U.S. pressure, the hostages were released, and Castro welcomed them back as heroes."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Family, friends, and extramarital affairs",
"text": "While Fidel was married to Mirta, he had an affair with Natalia \"Naty\" Revuelta Clews, who gave birth to his daughter, Alina Fernández Revuelta."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Public image",
"text": "By 2006, the BBC reported that Castro's image could frequently be found in Cuban stores, classrooms, taxicabs, and on national television."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal and public life | Public image",
"text": "Political scientist Paul C. Sondrol characterized Castro as \"quintessentially totalitarian in his charismatic appeal, utopian functional role and public, transformative utilisation of power\"."
}
] |
The Fidel Castro's cause of demise was not released to the public.
| 3 | 7 |
Fidel Castro
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Honorary degrees",
"text": "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been awarded honorary degrees by the following Universities: Yale, Harvard, Princeton, Rockefeller, Utrecht, University College London, Oxford (June 2005), Sheffield, St Andrews (June 2011), Freiburg, Munich and Bath (July 2012)."
}
] |
PlLa93PRiVktMIzxHcOD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard (born 20 October 1942) is a German developmental biologist and 1995 Nobel Prize-winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has four siblings: three sisters and one brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "In 2004 Nüsslein-Volhard started the Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Foundation (Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Stiftung)."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Fruit flies have long been an important model organism in genetics due to their small size and quick generation time, which makes even large numbers of them relatively easy to maintain and observe in the laboratory."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "These experiments are not only distinguished by their sheer scale (with the methods available at the time, they involved an enormous workload), but more importantly by their significance for organisms other than fruit flies."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "These findings have also led to important realizations about evolution – for example, that protostomes and deuterostomes are likely to have had a relatively well-developed common ancestor with a much more complex body plan than had been conventionally thought."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "Since 1985 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been Director of the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tübingen and also leads its Genetics Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | Honorary degrees",
"text": "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been awarded honorary degrees by the following Universities: Yale, Harvard, Princeton, Rockefeller, Utrecht, University College London, Oxford (June 2005), Sheffield, St Andrews (June 2011), Freiburg, Munich and Bath (July 2012)."
}
] |
Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard has diplomas from more places of higher learning that she didn't even attend than can be counted on one's fingers.
| 0 | 0 |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In December 2011, their daughter was born via surrogate."
}
] |
PlWEaYTSB78Xke2krgxC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "De Niro has twin sons, Julian and Aaron, conceived by in vitro fertilization and delivered by a surrogate mother in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2016: Further film roles",
"text": "That year, De Niro was cast in Edge of Darkness, but he left the project citing creative differences."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2016: Further film roles",
"text": "In 2014, De Niro appeared in a documentary about his father, Robert De Niro, Sr., titled Remembering the Artist: Robert De Niro, Sr. which aired on HBO."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In December 2011, their daughter was born via surrogate."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robert Anthony De Niro Jr. in the Manhattan borough of New York City was born on August 17, 1943, the only child of painters Virginia Admiral and Robert De Niro Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1991: Dramas, comedies and awards success",
"text": "It won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography, three BAFTAs, including Best Editing, and two Golden Globes for Best Screenplay and Best Original Score."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1981–1991: Dramas, comedies and awards success",
"text": "The film was nominated for three Academy Awards, including Best Actor for De Niro."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "De Niro has four grandchildren; his daughter, Drena, has one child, and his son, Raphael, has three."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1974–1980: Scorsese collaboration and acclaim",
"text": "De Niro had two other film releases in 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–1997: Directorial debut and crime dramas",
"text": "In 1992, De Niro appeared in two films."
}
] |
Robert De Niro has three children by two different surrogate mothers.
| 1 | 1 |
Robert De Niro
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Favourite is a 2018 period black comedy film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, and written by Deborah Davis and Tony McNamara."
}
] |
PljhvQCq6OV47ZOkosI8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in early 18th century Great Britain, the film's plot examines the relationship between two cousins, Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough (Rachel Weisz) and Abigail Masham (Emma Stone), who are vying to be Court favourite of Queen Anne (Olivia Colman)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Favourite is a 2018 period black comedy film directed by Yorgos Lanthimos, and written by Deborah Davis and Tony McNamara."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "J. R. Kinnard wrote for PopMatters: History records that England was ruled for a brief period in the early 18th century by Queen Anne whose physical infirmities were rivalled only by her psychological quirks."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "He wrote, \"If Kubrick's 17th-century-set Barry Lyndon flaunted all his resources of cinematic expertise merely to satirize chilly inhumanity, making an evil masterpiece, then The Favourite is merely a wicked stunt.\" The Favourite has received multiple awards and nominations, and won two Venice International Film Festival awards: the Grand Jury Prize and the Volpi Cup for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "He showed me a film early on called Angst ... He wanted to try and instil that in the way we shot The Favourite, but it was going to be really difficult to do that."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Set design",
"text": "Production designer Fiona Crombie drew inspiration for the film's colour palette from the chequered, black-and-white marble floor in the Great Hall at Hatfield House, noting that \"a character will walk into a room and you get this incredible wide-shot—"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "David Sims writing for The Atlantic magazine found the film to be an effective satire of its historical period, stating; \"Were it just a straightforward comedy, The Favourite would still be a success."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "He wrote, \"It's worth pointing out that The Favourite is easily Lanthimos' most user-friendly movie, which isn't to say it isn't strange enough to please his fans, just that it may also convert a legion of new ones\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Peter Travers from Rolling Stone gave the movie five stars, saying, \"Emma Stone, Rachel Weisz and the mighty Olivia Colman turn a period piece into a caustic comeuppance comedy with fangs and claws ... It's a bawdy, brilliant triumph, directed by Greek auteur Yorgos Lanthimos with all the artistic reach and renegade deviltry ... The Favourite belongs to its fierce, profanely funny female trio."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Her confidante, adviser, and furtive lover Sarah Churchill effectively rules the country through her influence over the Queen."
}
] |
The Favourite is a black comedy movie set in an early 18th century UK country.
| 2 | 5 |
The Favourite
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret \"Maggie\" Fitzgerald (Hilary Swank), a waitress from a Missouri town in the Ozarks, shows up in the Hit Pit, a run-down Los Angeles gym owned and operated by Frankie Dunn (Clint Eastwood), an old Irish-American, cantankerous boxing trainer."
}
] |
Pm0xpT6xrWW0R1S6GXbP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film four stars and stated that \"Clint Eastwood's Million Dollar Baby is a masterpiece, pure and simple,\" listing it as the best film of 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Eastwood, Hilary Swank, and Morgan Freeman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby was theatrically released on December 15, 2004 by Warner Bros. Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby initially had a limited release, opening in eight theaters in December 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby received the award for Best Picture of 2004 at the 77th Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film follows Margaret \"Maggie\" Fitzgerald (Swank), an underdog amateur boxer who is helped by an underappreciated boxing trainer (Eastwood) to achieve her dream of becoming a professional."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"Clint Eastwood's assured direction - combined with knockout performances from Hilary Swank and Morgan Freeman - help Million Dollar Baby to transcend its clichés, and the result is deeply heartfelt and moving."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Hilary Swank as Mary Margaret \"Maggie\" Fitzgerald, a determined, aspiring boxer trained up by Frankie Dunn."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby was listed on many critics' top ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Million Dollar Baby is a 2004 American sports drama film directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood from a screenplay written by Paul Haggis, based on short stories by F.X. Toole, the pen name of fight manager and cutman Jerry Boyd."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret \"Maggie\" Fitzgerald (Hilary Swank), a waitress from a Missouri town in the Ozarks, shows up in the Hit Pit, a run-down Los Angeles gym owned and operated by Frankie Dunn (Clint Eastwood), an old Irish-American, cantankerous boxing trainer."
}
] |
The 2004 film Million Dollar Baby stars Hilary Swank as a stripper turned amateur boxer.
| 3 | 7 |
Million Dollar Baby
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Happily for Ieyasu, the oldest and most respected of the regents, Toshiie Maeda, died after just one year."
}
] |
Pm826cSpdsCUO7NxYqCE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (1584–1598) | Council of Five Elders",
"text": "In 1598, with his health clearly failing, Hideyoshi called a meeting that would determine the Council of Five Elders, who would be responsible for ruling on behalf of his son after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (1584–1598)",
"text": "During this siege, Hideyoshi offered Ieyasu a radical deal."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Nobunaga (1570-1584) | Conflict with Hideyoshi",
"text": "In 1584, Ieyasu decided to support Oda Nobukatsu, the eldest surviving son and heir of Oda Nobunaga, against Hideyoshi."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Hideyoshi, after three more months of increasing sickness, died on September 18, 1598."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (1584–1598)",
"text": "Bowing to the overwhelming power of the Toyotomi army, the Hōjō accepted defeat, the top Hōjō leaders killed themselves and Ieyasu marched in and took control of their provinces, so ending the clan's reign of over 100 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In life, Ieyasu had expressed the wish to be deified after his death to protect his descendants from evil."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The cause of death is thought to have been cancer or syphilis."
},
{
"section_header": "Ōgosho (1605–1616) | Conflict with Hideyori",
"text": "Eventually, Tokugawa was able to precipitate negotiations and an armistice after directed cannon fire threatened Hideyori's mother, Yodo-dono."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He was first given the Buddhist name Tosho Dai-Gongen (東照大權現) , then after his death it was changed to Hogo Onkokuin (法號安國院)."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (1584–1598) | Council of Five Elders",
"text": "The five that were chosen as regents (tairō) for Hideyori were Maeda Toshiie, Mōri Terumoto, Ukita Hideie, Uesugi Kagekatsu, and Ieyasu himself, who was the most powerful of the five."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Happily for Ieyasu, the oldest and most respected of the regents, Toshiie Maeda, died after just one year."
}
] |
Tokugaqa Ieyasu was the eldest of the regents during Hideyori's reign after the death of Hideyoshi in 1598.
| 1 | 2 |
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure | Chronology",
"text": "Pip's story is told in three stages: his childhood and early youth in Kent, where he dreams of rising above his humble station; his time in London after receiving \"great expectations\"; and then finally his disillusionment on discovering the source of his fortune, followed by his slow realisation of the vanity of his false values."
}
] |
PmpDEwbbPaDRX112nGaM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure | Orlick as Pip's double",
"text": "Orlick has a score to settle before going on to the ultimate act, murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "This required short chapters, centred on a single subject, and an almost mathematical structure."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Orlick as Pip's double",
"text": "Thereafter Orlick vanishes, only to reappear in chapter 53 in a symbolic act, when he lures Pip into a locked, abandoned building in the marshes."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The narrative structure of Great Expectations is influenced by the fact that it was first published as weekly episodes in a periodical."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "In May 2015, Udon Entertainment's Manga Classics line published a manga adaptation of Great Expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Third Stage",
"text": "When confronted about this, Jaggers discourages Pip from acting on his suspicions."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | From Pip's youth",
"text": "She acts as Estella's foil. Orlick was attracted to her, but she did not want his attentions."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Earl Davis notes the close network of the structure and balance of contrasts, and praises the first-person narration for providing a simplicity that is appropriate for the story while avoiding melodrama."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Chronology",
"text": "Pip's story is told in three stages: his childhood and early youth in Kent, where he dreams of rising above his humble station; his time in London after receiving \"great expectations\"; and then finally his disillusionment on discovering the source of his fortune, followed by his slow realisation of the vanity of his false values."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels influenced by Great Expectations",
"text": "The second chapter of Rosalind Ashe's Literary Houses (1982) paraphrases Miss Havisham's story with details about the nature and structure of Satis House and coloured imaginings of the house within."
}
] |
This story has a classic 3 act structure.
| 2 | 8 |
Great Expectations
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As catcher",
"text": "In 1989, his first full season, Biggio became the Astros' starting catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As catcher",
"text": "Biggio was called up as a catcher midway through the 1988 season, having batted .344 in his minor league career."
}
] |
Pn5vlRcuuWgSrOm9A7ga
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "Although Biggio was an infielder, Seton Hall coach Mike Sheppard switched him to catcher because the team was in need of one."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": "In the penultimate game of his career, Biggio started as a catcher and caught 2 innings for the Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | Shift to second base",
"text": "Biggio became known as a reliable, hustling, consistent leadoff hitter, with unusual power for a second baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | Emergence of the \"Killer B's\"",
"text": "The Astros acquired first baseman Jeff Bagwell prior to the start of the 1991 season, who, like Biggio, spent his entire major league career with Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As catcher",
"text": "In 1989, his first full season, Biggio became the Astros' starting catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As catcher",
"text": "Biggio was called up as a catcher midway through the 1988 season, having batted .344 in his minor league career."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": ", Biggio hit a grand slam in the 6th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Retirement",
"text": "He recorded his final career hit, a double in the first inning, and scored his final career run that same inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)",
"text": "It was Biggio's third hit of the game, and he went on to accumulate two more later in the game, one in the ninth inning and one in the eleventh inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | Shift to second base",
"text": "The Astros finally convinced Biggio to convert to second base in spring training 1992, even though Biggio had made the National League All-Star team as a catcher the year before."
}
] |
Early in his career, Biggio switched from baseman to catcher.
| 2 | 9 |
Craig Biggio
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He never smoked, drank, or went to the movies, but frequently gambled on horse races during his career."
}
] |
PoHtMoQRXGlC3FT4HXZE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hornsby married three times, in 1918, 1924, and 1957, and had two children."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "Following his return to the United States, Hornsby spent 1945 out of baseball for the first time in over three decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball schools",
"text": "Then, in 1939, Hornsby, started the \"Rogers Hornsby Baseball College\" in Hot Springs after Doan moved his School elsewhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Hornsby is only the second right-handed batter in history to hit over .400 three times and is considered, according to the Los Angeles Times, to be the greatest right-handed hitter in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also won two Triple Crowns and batted .400 or more three times during his career."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1920–1926",
"text": "On May 8, 1923, Hornsby suffered an injury to his left knee in a game against the Phillies when he turned to make a throw."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "In 1914, Hornsby's older brother Everett, a minor league baseball player for many years, arranged for Rogers to get a tryout with the Texas League's Dallas Steers."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs",
"text": "The 1931 season was Hornsby's last as a full-time player."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1915–1919",
"text": "Rogers attended the funeral on June 1 and returned to the Cardinals on June 3, finishing the season without missing any more playing time."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals and Browns",
"text": "A day later, Hornsby was fired as manager and released as a player by the Browns, who were in last place at the time of his release."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He never smoked, drank, or went to the movies, but frequently gambled on horse races during his career."
}
] |
Baseball player Rogers Hornsby was married three times and suffered from alcoholism.
| 2 | 4 |
Rogers Hornsby
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After working with his father's business, Vanderbilt worked his way into leadership positions in the inland water trade and invested in the rapidly growing railroad industry."
}
] |
PoXrfZSiw4nTQD0OZg3m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Railroad empire | Rivalry with Jay Gould and James Fisk",
"text": "Gould never got the better of Vanderbilt in any other important business matter, but he often embarrassed Vanderbilt, who uncharacteristically lashed out at Gould in public."
},
{
"section_header": "Steamboat entrepreneur",
"text": "Using the name \"The People's Line,\" he used the populist language associated with Democratic president Andrew Jackson to get popular support for his business."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Though both Livingston and Fulton had died by the time Vanderbilt started working for Gibbons, the monopoly was held by Livingston's heirs."
},
{
"section_header": "Railroad empire | New York Central and Hudson River Railroad",
"text": "He later bought the Canada Southern as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Railroad empire | Rivalry with Jay Gould and James Fisk",
"text": "But Gould bribed the legislature to legalize the new stock."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Although Vanderbilt kept his own businesses running, he became Gibbons's business manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Railroad empire | Rivalry with Jay Gould and James Fisk",
"text": "To get revenge, he tried to corner Erie stock, which led to the so-called Erie War."
},
{
"section_header": "Steamboat entrepreneur",
"text": "During these years, Vanderbilt also operated many other businesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Steamboat entrepreneur",
"text": "By cutting fares on competing lines, Vanderbilt drove down the Stonington stock price, and took over the presidency of the company in 1847."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His biographer T. J. Stiles says, \"He vastly improved and expanded the nation's transportation infrastructure, contributing to a transformation of the very geography of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After working with his father's business, Vanderbilt worked his way into leadership positions in the inland water trade and invested in the rapidly growing railroad industry."
}
] |
Contrary to popular belief, Cornielius Vanderbilt never held a job in the transportation business, he only bought stock in it.
| 1 | 4 |
Cornelius Vanderbilt
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the thirteenth actress in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting, having won two Academy Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, one Tony Award, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and five Golden Globe Awards."
}
] |
PpIMhYx26NA0wdsjx4AR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Lange was born in Cloquet, Minnesota, on April 20, 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the thirteenth actress in history to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting, having won two Academy Awards, three Primetime Emmy Awards, one Tony Award, one Screen Actors Guild Award, and five Golden Globe Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jessica Phyllis Lange (; born April 20, 1949) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Due to the nature of her father's professions, her family moved over a dozen times to various towns and cities in Minnesota before settling back down in her hometown, where she graduated from Cloquet High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "The film became the 12th-highest-grossing film of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "They should call up Jessica Lange."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "presented to her by her friend Shirley MacLaine during The Women in Hollywood Awards, honoring women for their outstanding achievements in film, spanning all aspects of the motion picture industry, including acting, directing, and producing."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: daughter Hannah Jane Shepard (born 1986) and son Samuel Walker Shepard (born 1987)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to acting, Lange is a photographer with four published works."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "She became the second actress in history, after Meryl Streep, to follow up a Best Supporting Actress Oscar win with a Best Actress Oscar win, an achievement not repeated until nearly twenty years later by Cate Blanchett."
}
] |
Jessica Lange is the 12th actress to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting and was born in Cloquet, Minnesota.
| 0 | 0 |
Jessica Lange
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Seismicity | Common seismicity",
"text": "Tokyo is near the boundary of three plates, making it an extremely active region for smaller quakes and slippage which frequently affect the urban area with swaying as if in a boat, although epicenters within mainland Tokyo (excluding Tokyo's 2,000 km (1,243 mi)–long island jurisdiction) are quite rare."
}
] |
PppnBsxOmbUuo2KhokIS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Seismicity | Common seismicity",
"text": "Particularly active are offshore regions and to a lesser extent Chiba and Ibaraki."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Seismicity | Common seismicity",
"text": "Tokyo is near the boundary of three plates, making it an extremely active region for smaller quakes and slippage which frequently affect the urban area with swaying as if in a boat, although epicenters within mainland Tokyo (excluding Tokyo's 2,000 km (1,243 mi)–long island jurisdiction) are quite rare."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1943–present",
"text": "However, due to Tokyo's earthquake-resistant infrastructure, damage in Tokyo was very minor compared to areas directly hit by the tsunami, although activity in the city was largely halted."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Seismicity | Common seismicity",
"text": "They rarely cause much damage (sometimes a few injuries) as they are either too small or far away as quakes tend to dance around the region."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government | Special wards",
"text": "Chiyoda Ward is unique in that it is in the very heart of the former Tokyo City, yet is one of the least populated wards."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and government",
"text": "Because of these islands and the mountainous regions to the west, Tokyo's overall population density figures far under-represent the real figures for the urban and suburban regions of Tokyo."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "Expressways link the capital to other points in the Greater Tokyo area, the Kantō region, and the islands of Kyushu and Shikoku."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Part of an industrial region that includes the cities of Yokohama, Kawasaki, and Chiba, Tokyo is Japan's leading center of business and finance."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "Local, regional, and national services are available, with major terminals at the giant railroad stations, including Tokyo, Shinagawa, and Shinjuku."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-1869 (Edo period)",
"text": "In 1590, Tokugawa Ieyasu was transferred from Mikawa Province (his lifelong base) to Kantō region."
}
] |
Tokyo is a very active seismic region.
| 0 | 0 |
Tokyo
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "Although Gilliam temporarily suspended production on the latter film, he expressed determination to \"salvage\" it, perhaps using computer-generated imagery (CGI), and dedicated it to Ledger."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "At the time of his death on 22 January 2008, Ledger had completed about half of the work for his final film performance as Tony in Terry Gilliam's The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus."
}
] |
PpqH3bMUb1CUeZWQwOHT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A few months before his death, Ledger had finished filming his performance as the Joker in The Dark Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "Speaking of editing The Dark Knight, on which Ledger had completed his work in October 2007, Nolan recalled, \"It was tremendously emotional, right when he passed, having to go back in and look at him every day. ... But the truth is, I feel very lucky to have something productive to do, to have a performance that he was very, very proud of, and that he had entrusted to me to finish."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "I Am Heath Ledger, which was released on 3 May 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorial tributes and services",
"text": "Bon Iver's \"Perth\" was inspired by Heath Ledger."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Directorial work",
"text": "Ledger's final directorial work, in which he shot two music videos before his death, premiered in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "From 1993 to 1997, Ledger also had parts in the Perth television series Ship to Shore (1993); Ledger also had parts in the short-lived Fox Broadcasting Company fantasy-drama Roar (1997); in Home and Away (1997), one of Australia's most successful television shows; and in the Australian film Blackrock (1997), his feature film debut."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of his death, The Dark Knight was in its editing phase, and The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus was in the midst of filming, in which he was playing his last role as Tony."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "Ledger went on to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, becoming the second person to win a posthumous Academy Award for acting (after fellow Australian actor Peter Finch, who won for 1976's Network), as well as the first comic-book movie actor to win an Oscar for their acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Controversy over will",
"text": "He added, \"They will be taken care of and that's how Heath would want it to be\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heath Andrew Ledger (4 April 1979 – 22 January 2008) was an Australian actor, photographer and music video director."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "Although Gilliam temporarily suspended production on the latter film, he expressed determination to \"salvage\" it, perhaps using computer-generated imagery (CGI), and dedicated it to Ledger."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "At the time of his death on 22 January 2008, Ledger had completed about half of the work for his final film performance as Tony in Terry Gilliam's The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus."
}
] |
Heath Ledger was able to finish his last movie before he passed away.
| 3 | 4 |
Heath Ledger
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "Manush spent the next five years as a player-manager in the Piedmont League for the Rocky Mount Red Sox in 1940, the Greensboro Red Sox in 1941 and 1942, the Roanoke Red Sox in 1943."
}
] |
PqXtmHIsXIECu8VnWtFg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "In 1944, he served as manager of the Scranton Miners in the Eastern League, and in 1945 he became manager of the Martinsville A's in the Carolina League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "Manush spent the next five years as a player-manager in the Piedmont League for the Rocky Mount Red Sox in 1940, the Greensboro Red Sox in 1941 and 1942, the Roanoke Red Sox in 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "Manush scouted for the Boston Braves until 1948, then served as a coach for the Senators during the 1953 and 1954 seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "On June 12, 1939, Manush signed with the Toronto Maple Leafs, with whom he played for most of the 1938 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "In October 1954, after Chuck Dressen was hired as the Senators' new manager, Manush was dismissed by the Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Manush was a minor league manager from 1940 to 1945, a scout for the Boston Braves in the late 1940s and a coach for the Senators from 1953 to 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "He appeared in 66 games for Toronto and compiled a batting average of only .241."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league player and manager",
"text": "He later scouted for the expansion Washington Senators in 1961-62."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "Moving to the Edmonton Eskimos in the Western Canada League in 1921, Manush hit .321 in 83 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "Manush began his professional career in 1920, playing six games for the Portland Beavers in the Pacific Coast League."
}
] |
Manush served as a minor league player manager from 1938.
| 0 | 5 |
Heinie Manush
|
Science
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was brutally murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985."
}
] |
PqfP87RUhyj6WLVxOVN8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been theorized that her murder was linked to her conservation efforts, probably by a poacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was brutally murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Aftermath",
"text": "Rwandan courts later tried and convicted Wayne McGuire in absentia for her murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Aftermath",
"text": "The alleged motive was that McGuire murdered Fossey in order to steal the manuscript of the sequel to her 1983 book, Gorillas in the Mist."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Biographies",
"text": "The book also shows the daily workings of camp, Fossey's dependence on her students and the movement to remove her from Karisoke years before her brutal murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In the early morning of December 27, 1985, Fossey was discovered murdered in the bedroom of her cabin located at the far edge of the camp in the Virunga Mountains, Rwanda."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dian Fossey (, January 16, 1932 – c. December 26, 1985) was an American primatologist and conservationist known for undertaking an extensive study of mountain gorilla groups from 1966 until her 1985 murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "After her murder, Fossey's National Geographic editor, Mary Smith, told Shlachter that on visits to the United States, Fossey would \"load up on firecrackers, cheap toys and magic tricks as part of her method to mystify the (Africans) in order to hold them at bay."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Biographies",
"text": "Fossey is also prominently featured in a book by Vanity Fair journalist Alex Shoumatoff called African Madness, in which the author expands on Fossey's controversial behaviors, implying that Fossey provoked her own murder by way of her private and public inflammatory interactions with people."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Aftermath",
"text": "Several subsequent books, including Farley Mowat's biography of Fossey, Woman in the Mists (New York, NY: Warner Books, 1987), have suggested alternative theories regarding her murder, including intimations that she may have been killed by financial interests linked to tourism or illicit trade."
}
] |
Dian Fossey was murdered.
| 1 | 8 |
Dian Fossey
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Na (from Latin \"natrium\") and atomic number 11."
}
] |
PrsqVideMLIePJhGclZR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Na (from Latin \"natrium\") and atomic number 11."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The chemical abbreviation for sodium was first published in 1814 by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in his system of atomic symbols, and is an abbreviation of the element's New Latin name natrium, which refers to the Egyptian natron, a natural mineral salt mainly consisting of hydrated sodium carbonate."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Physical",
"text": "Due to having low atomic mass and large atomic radius, sodium is third-least dense of all elemental metals and is one of only three metals that can float on water, the other two being lithium and potassium."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "After a while, it glowed a bright yellow and showed a strong sodium line that disappeared only after 10 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sodium is an essential element for all animals and some plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence",
"text": "Because of its high reactivity, it is never found as a pure element."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemistry",
"text": "Sodium atoms have 11 electrons, one more than the stable configuration of the noble gas neon."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Astronomical observations",
"text": "In stars, it is seen in any whose surfaces are cool enough for sodium to exist in atomic form (rather than ionised)."
}
] |
Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 10.
| 0 | 0 |
Sodium
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells of a young girl named Alice, who falls through a rabbit hole into a subterranean fantasy world populated by peculiar, anthropomorphic creatures."
}
] |
PrwpzPV362BtJPvsf4jC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "A procession of more cards, kings and queens and even the White Rabbit enters the garden."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | \"All in the golden afternoon...\"",
"text": "During the trip Dodgson told the girls a story that featured a bored little girl named Alice who goes looking for an adventure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel by English author Lewis Carroll (the pseudonym of Charles Dodgson)."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Alice eventually frightens all the animals away, unwittingly, by talking about her (moderately ferocious) cat. Chapter Four – The Rabbit Sends a Little Bill: White Rabbit appears again in search of the Duchess's gloves and fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "She notices a talking, clothed white rabbit with a pocket watch run past."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Live performance",
"text": "The actress Meryl Streep played Alice, the White Queen, and Humpty Dumpty."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence",
"text": "The blank-faced little girl made famous by John Tenniel's original illustrations has become a cultural inkblot we can interpret in any way we like."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems and songs",
"text": "The main characters in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland are the following: Carroll wrote multiple poems and songs for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, including: \"All in the golden afternoon... \"—the prefatory verse to the book, an original poem by Carroll that recalls the rowing expedition on which he first told the story of Alice's adventures underground"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has been translated into at least 97 languages, or as many as 174 languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | \"All in the golden afternoon...\"",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland was published in 1865, three years after Lewis Carroll and the Reverend Robinson Duckworth, on 4 July, rowed up the Isis river in a boat with three young girls—a day known as the \"golden afternoon,\" prefaced in the novel as a poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It tells of a young girl named Alice, who falls through a rabbit hole into a subterranean fantasy world populated by peculiar, anthropomorphic creatures."
}
] |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a novel about a little girl who has a white rabbit and fights a queen.
| 2 | 5 |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was based on Matthew Quick’s 2008 novel The Silver Linings Playbook."
}
] |
Pshcespwi70ACFiTkF3T
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence, with Robert De Niro, Jacki Weaver, Chris Tucker, Anupam Kher, and Julia Stiles in supporting roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was based on Matthew Quick’s 2008 novel The Silver Linings Playbook."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"The NFL was critical of the gambling in the film and declined to broadcast an interview with Bradley Cooper and Chris Tucker during Thanksgiving."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and was critically acclaimed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Kenneth Turan called the film \"a complete success\" and the actors' performances \"superb,\" including Chris Tucker in an \"irresistible\" supporting turn."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After eight months' treatment in a mental health facility for bipolar disorder, Patrizio \"Pat\" Solitano Jr. (Bradley Cooper) is released into the care of his father Patrizio Sr. (Robert De Niro) and mother Dolores (Jacki Weaver) at his childhood home in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At dinner with his friend Ronnie (John Ortiz) and Ronnie's wife, Veronica (Julia Stiles), Pat meets Veronica's sister, Tiffany Maxwell (Jennifer Lawrence), a young widow with an unnamed disorder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cooper plays Patrizio \"Pat\" Solitano Jr., a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents, played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Globe and Mail's chief film critic, Liam Lacey, gave three out of four stars, but wrote \"you can easily see Silver Linings Playbook as a better-acted version of any number of Sundance-style films about quirky outsiders who find a common bond."
}
] |
The Silver Linings Playbook is a film that was based on a book called The Playbook of the Mind and stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence with Robert DeNiro, Jackie Weaver, Chris Tucker and Julia Stiles.
| 0 | 0 |
Silver Linings Playbook
|
NOCAT
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and burial",
"text": "In 688 his remains were moved inside the basilica itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and burial",
"text": "Amen. Leo died on 10 November 461 and, as he wished to be buried as close as possible to the tomb of St Peter, his body was placed in a tomb in the portico of Saint Peter's basilica."
}
] |
PsiIAzJ0OWmMuJoePEA6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "While the Vandals plundered the city, the gesture nevertheless prevented Rome from being burned and assured that the Basilicas of St Peter, St Paul and St John, in which part of the terrified population sought refuge, were spared."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal authority | Various regional matters",
"text": "The fact that the African province of Mauretania Caesariensis had been preserved to the empire and thus to the Nicene faith during the Vandal invasion and, in its isolation, was disposed to rest on outside support, gave Leo an opportunity to assert his authority there."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Heir of Peter",
"text": "He called himself the (unworthy) heir and deputy (vicarius) of Peter, having received his apostolic authority and being obliged to follow his example."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Council of Chalcedon",
"text": "Leo and Cyril taught the same thing, anathema to him who does not so believe."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and burial",
"text": "Amen. Leo died on 10 November 461 and, as he wished to be buried as close as possible to the tomb of St Peter, his body was placed in a tomb in the portico of Saint Peter's basilica."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and burial",
"text": "In 688 his remains were moved inside the basilica itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "Plague broke out in the barbarian host and their food ran short, and at the same time troops arrived from the east, sent by Marcian to the aid of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "A trustworthy chronicle hands down another account which does not conflict with the fact that an embassy was sent, but evidently furnishes the true reasons which moved Attila to receive it favourably."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Heir of Peter",
"text": "Besides recourse to biblical language, Leo also described his own special relationship with Peter in terms derived from Roman law."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Heir of Peter",
"text": "On the one hand, Peter stood before him with a claim on how Leo is to exercise his office; on the other hand, Leo, as the Roman bishop, represented the Apostle, whose authority he held."
}
] |
Pope Leo I wanted to be laid to rest where St. Peter was laid to rest and eventually he was moved into the same building as him.
| 1 | 2 |
Pope Leo I
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Specific date predictions and claims",
"text": "Views about the nature of the Second Coming vary among Christian denominations and among individual Christians."
}
] |
PsiRPhvgUsSkej9yxiI4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Christian eschatological views | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints",
"text": "According to LDS Church teachings, the restored gospel will be taught in all parts of the world prior to the Second Coming."
},
{
"section_header": "Christian eschatological views | Catholic and Orthodox",
"text": "According to the Catholic Church, the second coming will bring about the fullness of the reign of God and the consummation of the universe, mankind, and salvation."
},
{
"section_header": "Islam | Traditional view",
"text": "Jesus' rule is said to be around forty years, after which he will die, (according to Islam Jesus did not die on the cross but was taken up to heaven and continues to live until his return in the second coming)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Second Coming of Christ: The Resurrection of the Christ Within You."
},
{
"section_header": "Islam | Ahmadiyya",
"text": "Islamic tradition commonly depicts that Jesus, upon his second coming, would be an Ummati (Muslim) and a follower of Muhammad and that he would revive the truth of Islam rather than fostering a new religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Other views and commentaries | Rastafari",
"text": "[...] When Jesus died, true believers had to theologically compensate for the disaster.\" In the early developments of the Rastafari religion, Haile Selassie (the Ethiopian Emperor) was regarded as a member of the House of David, is worshipped as God incarnate, and is thought to be the \"black Jesus\" and \"black messiah\" – the second coming of Christ."
},
{
"section_header": "Christian eschatological views | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints",
"text": "His Second Coming will mark the beginning of the Millennium."
},
{
"section_header": "Other views and commentaries | Baha'i Faith",
"text": "According to the Bahá'í Faith, the Second Coming is based on the concept of a gradual process that coincides with the advancement of human civilization from the beginning of humanity."
},
{
"section_header": "Christian eschatological views | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints",
"text": "The Second Coming will be a fearful, mournful time for the wicked, but it will be a day of peace for the righteous."
},
{
"section_header": "Christian eschatological views | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints",
"text": "The LDS Church and its leaders do not make predictions of the actual date of the Second Coming."
},
{
"section_header": "Specific date predictions and claims",
"text": "Views about the nature of the Second Coming vary among Christian denominations and among individual Christians."
}
] |
The Second Coming of Jesus Christ is said to have not come yet according to all christian religions.
| 2 | 7 |
The Second Coming
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His older brother is musician Michael Penn."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography",
"text": "Penn has appeared in more than 50 films and won many awards during his career as an actor and director."
}
] |
PsqD85zKUVkVbKaM2aLE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has won two Academy Awards, for his roles in the mystery drama Mystic River (2003) and the biopic Milk (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography",
"text": "He has won two Academy Awards for Best Actor for Mystic River (2003) and Milk (2008), and was nominated three more times in the same category for Dead Man Walking (1995), Sweet and Lowdown (1999), and I Am Sam (2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His older brother is musician Michael Penn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dead Man Walking (1995), for which he earned his first Academy Award nomination and the Best Actor Award at the Berlin Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Oscar green card joke",
"text": "At the 87th Academy Awards, Penn presented the award for Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His fourth feature film, the biographical drama survival movie Into the Wild (2007), garnered critical acclaim and two Academy Award nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has also won a Best Actor Award at the Cannes Film Festival for the Nick Cassavetes-directed"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "I Am Sam (2001) , before winning his first Academy Award for Best Actor in 2003 for Mystic River and a second one in 2008 for Milk."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography",
"text": "Penn has appeared in more than 50 films and won many awards during his career as an actor and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "The film also earned Penn his fifth nomination and second win for the Academy Award for Best Actor."
}
] |
Penn's older brother, Michael, won two Academy awards while Sean won three Academy awards between 1995 and 2008.
| 0 | 0 |
Sean Penn
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ancestry and early years, 1873–1885",
"text": "A son named Vasily was nicknamed \"Rachmanin\", meaning \"lazy\" in Old Russian."
}
] |
PssqZ5AtcsL46GuUUQp1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Move to Dresden and first US tour, 1906–1917",
"text": "While writing it, Rachmaninoff and the family returned to Russia, but the composer detoured to Paris to take part in Sergei Diaghilev's season of Russian concerts in May 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sergei Vasilyevich Rakhmaninov, IPA: [sʲɪrˈɡʲej vɐˈsʲilʲjɪvʲɪt͡ɕ rɐxˈmanʲɪnəf]; 1 April [O.S. 20 March] 1873 – 28 March 1943) was a Russian composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the late Romantic period."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Leaving Russia, immigration to the US, and concert pianist, 1917–1925",
"text": "In the following year, after the death of the husband of his daughter Tatiana, he founded TAIR, a Paris publishing company named after his daughters and specialising in works by himself and other Russian composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Symphony No. 1, depression, and conducting debut, 1894–1900",
"text": "Rachmaninoff had worked so hard on it that he could not return to composition until he heard the piece performed."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ancestry and early years, 1873–1885",
"text": "The couple had three sons and three daughters, Sergei being their fourth child."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ancestry and early years, 1873–1885",
"text": "Rachmaninoff was born into a family of the Russian aristocracy in the Russian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Fluctuating reputation",
"text": "Conservatoire Rachmaninoff in Paris, as well as streets in Veliky Novgorod (which is close to his birthplace) and Tambov, are named after the composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the Russian Revolution, Rachmaninoff and his family left Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Leaving Russia, immigration to the US, and concert pianist, 1917–1925",
"text": "On his return to Moscow, the political tension surrounding the October Revolution found the composer keeping his family safe indoors as often as possible and being involved in a collective at his apartment building, attending committee meetings and carrying out civil guard duties at night."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ancestry and early years, 1873–1885",
"text": "A son named Vasily was nicknamed \"Rachmanin\", meaning \"lazy\" in Old Russian."
}
] |
Sergei Rachmaninoff was a Russian composer, pianist, and conductor who family name was given to his ancestor for being hard working.
| 0 | 0 |
Sergey Rachmaninoff
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the term implies that battles are typically fought in a field – an open stretch of level ground – it applies to any type of terrain on which a battle is fought."
}
] |
PtuaULl4zfVWO0FRR28J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A battlefield, battleground, or field of battle is the location of a present or historic battle involving ground warfare."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the term implies that battles are typically fought in a field – an open stretch of level ground – it applies to any type of terrain on which a battle is fought."
},
{
"section_header": "Historic battlefields | Location",
"text": "Where documentary sources describe a battle, \"whether such references are contemporary or reliable needs to be assessed with care\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "Mardonius illustrated the problem for the Ancient Greeks, whose phalanges were ill-suited for combat except on level ground without trees, watercourses, ditches, or other obstacles that might break up its files, a perfection rarely obtained."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "Historically, military forces have sometimes trained using methods suitable for a level battlefield, but not for the terrain in which they were likely to end up fighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "He then advises that troops should be situated so that the ground they defend is favorable, while the ground through which the enemy must advance is unfavorable: A position which combines these two kinds of fields of battle is doubly strong, both by its situation, and by the obstacles which cover it."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Agreed battlefields",
"text": "It has been suggested, on the basis of anthropological research, that ritual warfare involving battles on traditional \"fighting grounds\", bound by rules to minimise casualties, may have been common among early societies."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "He mentions the high ground as a means of observing the enemy, and concealing friendly forces; while this has been mitigated by aerial reconnaissance, improved communication (field telephone and radio), and indirect fire, it remains important. (For instance, \"hull down\" firing positions for tanks were desired well into World War Two.) Rogiat also discussed cover, in reference to exposure to cannon fire; in earlier times, it would have been to slingers (in Ancient Greek and Roman times) or archers (such as the Welsh longbowmen or Mongol horse archers) from ancient times well into the 1400s, while slightly later, it would be to riflemen.) Rogniat describes a \"disadvantageous field of battle\" as one: which is everywhere seen and commanded from heights within cannon and musket shot, and which is encumbered with marshes, rivers, ravines, and defiles of every kind."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "Suppose another position presents to the assailants a field of battle abounding with obstacles and defiles, but without offering at the same time, in the rear, favourable ground for the deployment of the defenders; these could then only act upon it with difficulty, and would be forced to fight the assailants in the defiles themselves, without any advantage."
},
{
"section_header": "Historic battlefields | Battlefield preservation",
"text": "The core area of a battlefield is within the study area and includes only those places where the combat engagement and key associated actions and features were located; the core area includes, among other things, what often is described as \"hallowed ground\"."
}
] |
A battleground only refers to a Battle on level ground.
| 2 | 2 |
Battleground
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "Salamis started a decisive swing in the balance of power toward the Greeks, which would culminate in an eventual Greek victory, severely reducing Persian power in the Aegean."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks."
}
] |
Pu5Hpn02T5jB6DgxWbDs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "In a more extreme form of this argument, some historians argue that if the Greeks had lost at Salamis, the ensuing conquest of Greece by the Persians would have effectively stifled the growth of Western Civilization as we know it."
},
{
"section_header": "The opposing forces | The Achemenid fleet",
"text": "However, by his reckoning they lost approximately a third of these ships in a storm off the coast of Magnesia, 200 more in a storm off the coast of Euboea, and at least 50 ships to Allied action at the Battle of Artemisium."
},
{
"section_header": "The opposing forces | The Greek fleet",
"text": "According to Herodotus, two more ships defected from the Persians to the Greeks, one before Artemisium and one before Salamis, so the total complement at Salamis would have been 373 (or 380).According to the Athenian playwright Aeschylus, who actually fought at Salamis, the Greek fleet numbered 310 triremes (the difference being the number of Athenian ships)."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle",
"text": "The actual battle of Salamis is not well described by the ancient sources, and it is unlikely that anyone (other than perhaps Xerxes) involved in the battle had a clear idea what was happening across the width of the straits."
},
{
"section_header": "Anchorage discovery",
"text": "On March 17, 2017, archaeologists announced that they had uncovered the partially submerged remains of the anchorage used by the Greek warships prior to the Battle of Salamis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These battles of Salamis and Plataea thus mark a turning point in the course of the Greco-Persian wars as a whole; from then onward, the Greek poleis would take the offensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "Salamis was, for the Persians, an unnecessary battle and a strategic mistake."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "Therefore, by rowing into the Straits of Salamis to attack the Greeks, the Persians were playing into the Allies' hands."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "However, it was strategically not necessary for the Persians to actually fight this battle at Salamis."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "Salamis started a decisive swing in the balance of power toward the Greeks, which would culminate in an eventual Greek victory, severely reducing Persian power in the Aegean."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It resulted in a decisive victory for the outnumbered Greeks."
}
] |
The Battle of Salamis was lost by the Greeks.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Salamis
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "Lofaro tracked down the author's original manuscripts and notes and has reconstructed a version he says is more authentic."
},
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "University of Tennessee professor Michael Lofaro claimed the version published in 1957 was not the version intended for print by the author."
}
] |
Pv4tL3M7LyT5r6U7GyEo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "Lofaro's version of the novel, A Death in the Family: A Restoration of the Author's Text, was published in 2007 as part of a 10-volume set, The Collected Works of James Agee (University of Tennessee Press)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Death in the Family is an autobiographical novel by author James Agee, set in Knoxville, Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Agee's widow and children were left with little money after Agee's death and McDowell wanted to help them by publishing the work."
},
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "Lofaro tracked down the author's original manuscripts and notes and has reconstructed a version he says is more authentic."
},
{
"section_header": "New version",
"text": "University of Tennessee professor Michael Lofaro claimed the version published in 1957 was not the version intended for print by the author."
},
{
"section_header": "New version | Differences",
"text": "According to Lofaro, McDowell altered the original text in a number of ways: Removed the original opening, a nightmare scene, and instead started the novel with \"Knoxville: Summer of 1915,\" a previously published short work of Agee's that was not intended as part of the novel."
}
] |
A Death in the Family has been published with more than one variation.
| 0 | 0 |
A Death in the Family
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pierre Trudeau was born at home at 5779 Durocher Avenue, Outremont, Montreal, Canada, on October 18, 1919, to Charles-Émile \"Charley\" Trudeau (1887–1935), a French-Canadian businessman and lawyer, and Grace Elliott, who was of mixed Scottish and French-Canadian descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Trudeau family can be traced to Marcillac-Lanville in France in the 16th century and to a Robert Truteau (1544–1589)."
}
] |
PvPdxkMjJYCZM6vVGLfF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Ontario: École élémentaire Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, Toronto. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau French Immersion Public School, St. Thomas. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau High School, Markham. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Oshawa."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings",
"text": "Pierre Trudeau Speaks Out on Meech Lake."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Honorary Degrees Geographic locationsBritish Columbia: Mount Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Premier Range, Cariboo MountainsSchoolsManitoba: Collège Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, Winnipeg."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau ( TROO-doh, troo-DOH,"
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Quebec: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Blainville."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Quebec: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Gatineau."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "ParksOntario: Pierre Elliot Trudeau Park, Vaughan, Ontario – park also has a statue of Trudeau."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | World affairs",
"text": "Lennon said, after talking with Trudeau for 50 minutes, that Trudeau was \"a beautiful person\" and that \"if all politicians were like Pierre Trudeau, there would be world peace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Multiculturalism",
"text": "On October 8, 1971, Pierre Trudeau introduced the Multiculturalism Policy in the House of Commons."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | Third government, 1974–79",
"text": "As the PQ began to take power, Trudeau faced the prolonged failure of his marriage, which was covered in lurid detail on a day-by-day basis by the English language press."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pierre Trudeau was born at home at 5779 Durocher Avenue, Outremont, Montreal, Canada, on October 18, 1919, to Charles-Émile \"Charley\" Trudeau (1887–1935), a French-Canadian businessman and lawyer, and Grace Elliott, who was of mixed Scottish and French-Canadian descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Trudeau family can be traced to Marcillac-Lanville in France in the 16th century and to a Robert Truteau (1544–1589)."
}
] |
Pierre Trudeau had English roots.
| 0 | 3 |
Pierre Trudeau
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays."
}
] |
PvfTXj0qLieDtwM2hxK3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 1990, film critic Roger Ebert named Ingrid Bergman as his favorite actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ingrid Bergman (29 August 1915 – 29 August 1982) was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films, television movies, and plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and Nominations",
"text": "Bergman was only the second actress to win three Academy Awards for acting: two for Best Actress, and one for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "A documentary titled Ingrid Bergman: In Her Own Words was also screened at the festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Casablanca (1942)",
"text": "but when someone looks like Ingrid Bergman and she tells you that she loves you, that would make anybody feel romantic."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Gaslight (1944)",
"text": "David O. Selznick wanted Ingrid Bergman as top billing instead of Boyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy | Autobiography",
"text": "In 1980, Bergman's autobiography, Ingrid Bergman: My Story, was written with the help of Alan Burgess."
},
{
"section_header": "Italian period with Rossellini: 1949–1957",
"text": "In addition to Renato, they had twin daughters (born 18 June 1952): Isabella Rossellini, who became an actress and model, and Isotta Ingrid Rossellini, who became a professor of Italian literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Bergman, whom he said was terribly beautiful in her youth has led a colourful life and considered her a great actress and a dear friend."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood period: 1939–1949 | Spellbound (1945), Notorious (1946), Under Capricorn (1949)",
"text": "The film was a box office smashing hit when it released in 1945 which had been a very successful year for Ingrid Bergman."
}
] |
Ingrid Bergman was a Austrian actress.
| 0 | 0 |
Ingrid Bergman
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "The group's third US tour opened with a performance before a world-record crowd of 55,600 at New York's Shea Stadium on 15 August 1965 – \"perhaps the most famous of all Beatles' concerts\", in Lewisohn's description."
}
] |
PwGBskHSUPz0SHN6oXZW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "The group's third US tour opened with a performance before a world-record crowd of 55,600 at New York's Shea Stadium on 15 August 1965 – \"perhaps the most famous of all Beatles' concerts\", in Lewisohn's description."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Shea Stadium show with which they opened their 1965 North American tour attracted an estimated 55,600 people, then the largest audience in concert history; Spitz describes the event as a \"major breakthrough ... a giant step toward reshaping the concert business\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | First visit to the United States and the British Invasion",
"text": "Upon landing at New York's John F. Kennedy Airport, an uproarious crowd estimated at 3,000 greeted them."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected filmography",
"text": "The Beatles at Shea Stadium (1966) Let It Be (1970) The Compleat Beatles (1982) It Was Twenty Years Ago Today (1987) (about Sgt."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "A second collection, The Beatles in Mono, included remastered versions of every Beatles album released in true mono along with the original 1965 stereo mixes of Help!"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1970s",
"text": "The only one to feature previously unreleased material was The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (1977); the first officially issued concert recordings by the group, it contained selections from two shows they played during their 1964 and 1965 US tours."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "In April 2009, Starr performed three songs with McCartney at a benefit concert held at New York's Radio City Music Hall and organised by McCartney."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Genres",
"text": "Although the 1965 song \"Yesterday\" was not the first pop record to employ orchestral strings, it marked the group's first recorded use of classical music elements."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "In mid-November, as Beatlemania intensified, police resorted to using high-pressure water hoses to control the crowd before a concert in Plymouth."
},
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "The Beatles' 1965 US tour The Beatles' 1965 UK tour1966"
}
] |
The Beetle's second US tour opened with a record breaking crowd of over 55,000 people in New York's Shea stadium on Septemeber 12, 1965.
| 1 | 5 |
The Beatles
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "It asks Malvolio to wear yellow stockings cross-gartered—a colour and fashion that Olivia actually hates—to be rude to the rest of the servants, and to smile constantly in the presence of Olivia."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Sir Toby and Sir Andrew engage themselves in drinking and revelry, thus disturbing the peace of Olivia's household until late into the night, prompting Malvolio to chastise them."
}
] |
PwHJP0BvurERBOAmgQG1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Twelfth Night, or What You Will is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written around 1601–1602 as a Twelfth Night's entertainment for the close of the Christmas season."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting",
"text": "Illyria, the exotic setting of Twelfth Night, is important to the play's romantic atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Near the end of the movie, Elizabeth I (Judi Dench) asks Shakespeare (Joseph Fiennes) to write a comedy for the Twelfth Night holiday."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "She is presented in the final scene of the film as William Shakespeare's \"true\" inspiration for the heroine of Twelfth Night."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Shakespeare in Love contains several references to Twelfth Night."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st century",
"text": "In 2017/18, the Royal Shakespeare Company staged Twelfth Night, which was directed by Christopher Luscombe."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "An adaptation of Twelfth Night by Cathleen Nesbitt for the BBC was the first complete Shakespeare play ever broadcast on British radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Sir Toby and Sir Andrew engage themselves in drinking and revelry, thus disturbing the peace of Olivia's household until late into the night, prompting Malvolio to chastise them."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The full title of the play is Twelfth Night, or What You Will."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Restoration to 20th century",
"text": "Another adaptation, Love Betray'd, or, The Agreeable Disappointment, was acted at Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1703.After holding the stage only in the adaptations in the late 17th century and early 18th century, the original Shakespearean text of Twelfth Night was revived in 1741, in a production at Drury Lane."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "It asks Malvolio to wear yellow stockings cross-gartered—a colour and fashion that Olivia actually hates—to be rude to the rest of the servants, and to smile constantly in the presence of Olivia."
}
] |
Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy by William Shakespeare about pretense, wardrobe and the late night before Christmas.
| 0 | 0 |
Twelfth Night
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Today it operates primarily with charitable aims in Central Europe."
}
] |
PwLkLyRAGfP4mTVllPmP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Starting from there, the Order created the independent Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights, adding continuously the conquered Prussians' territory, and subsequently conquered Livonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Evolution and Reconfiguration as a Catholic Religious Order | Honorary Knights",
"text": "Honorary Knights of the Teutonic Order have included: Konrad Adenauer"
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Evolution and Reconfiguration as a Catholic Religious Order",
"text": "The Roman Catholic order continued to exist in the various territories ruled by the Austrian Empire, out of Napoleon's reach."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "However, the Order continued to exist as a charitable and ceremonial body."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Height of power",
"text": "the Order's feuds and wars with Lithuania and Poland continued."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary",
"text": "Lacking the military organization and experience of the Teutonic Knights, the Hungarians did not replace them with adequate defenders which had prevented the attacking Cumans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bailiwick of Utrecht of the Teutonic Order, a Protestant chivalric order, is descended from the same medieval military order and also continues to award knighthoods and perform charitable work."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Evolution and Reconfiguration as a Catholic Religious Order",
"text": "This did not prevent the National Socialists from using imagery of the medieval Teutonic knights for propagandistic purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foundation",
"text": "The Order received donations of land in the Holy Roman Empire (especially in present-day Germany and Italy), Frankish Greece, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern organization | Evolution and Reconfiguration as a Catholic Religious Order",
"text": "So as to make the distinction clearer, in 1923 the then High Master, Field Marshal Eugen of Austria-Teschen, Archduke of Austria, a member of the House of Habsburg and an active army commander before and during the First World War, had one of the Order's priests, Norbert Klein, at the time Bishop of Brno (Brünn) elected his Coadjutor and then abdicated, leaving the Bishop as High Master of the Order."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Today it operates primarily with charitable aims in Central Europe."
}
] |
The Teutonic Knights continues on as an organization to this day.
| 0 | 0 |
Teutonic Knights
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Chamberlain died of bowel cancer on 9 November 1940 at the age of 71."
}
] |
PwSKDApTp8cR0XtvpEEM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Rise from the backbench",
"text": "The Bill passed into law. Though Chamberlain struck a conciliatory note during the 1926 General Strike, in general he had poor relations with the Labour opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and political career (1869–1918) | Entry into politics",
"text": "During the \"Khaki election\" of 1900 he made speeches in support of Joseph Chamberlain's Liberal Unionists."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and political career (1869–1918) | Childhood and businessman",
"text": "Neville Chamberlain spent six years there"
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership (1937–1940) | European policy | Munich conference",
"text": "Chamberlain informed the House of this in his speech."
},
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Opposition and second term as Chancellor",
"text": "The Import Duties Act 1932 passed Parliament easily."
},
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Rise from the backbench",
"text": "Before he left office in 1929, 21 of the 25 bills had passed into law."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership (1937–1940) | Domestic policy",
"text": "Another major law passed that year was the Holidays with Pay Act 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and political career (1869–1918) | Childhood and businessman",
"text": "Joseph Chamberlain then sent Neville to Mason College, now University of Birmingham."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership (1937–1940) | Path to war (October 1938 – August 1939)",
"text": "Several of his Cabinet members, led by Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax, began to draw away from the appeasement policy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and political career (1869–1918) | Childhood and businessman",
"text": "Neville Chamberlain was educated at home by his elder sister Beatrice Chamberlain and later at Rugby School."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Chamberlain died of bowel cancer on 9 November 1940 at the age of 71."
}
] |
Neville Chamberlain passed away after catching pneumonia during an outdoor speech.
| 0 | 0 |
Neville Chamberlain
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Website | Technical aspects",
"text": "The website's primary color is blue as Zuckerberg is red–green colorblind, a realization that occurred after a test undertaken around 2007."
}
] |
PwlYr8RQ3gA273FQgDnL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Company governance",
"text": "Facebook co-founder Chris Hughes states that CEO Mark Zuckerberg has too much power, that the company is now a monopoly, and that, as a result, it should be split into multiple smaller companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Political manipulation | Russian interference",
"text": "Russian-American Billionaire Yuri Milner, who befriended Zuckerberg between 2009 and 2011 had Kremlin backing for his investments in Facebook and Twitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Privacy | Cambridge Analytica",
"text": "We expect there are others. And when we find them, we will ban them and tell everyone affected."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact | Science",
"text": "Data from Facebook is used for different scientific investigations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Inc. It was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The founders initially limited Facebook membership to Harvard students."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2003–2006: Thefacebook, Thiel investment, and name change",
"text": "It received its first investment later that month from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They can post text, photos and multimedia which is shared with any other users that have agreed to be their \"friend\", or, with a different privacy setting, with any reader."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2003–2006: Thefacebook, Thiel investment, and name change",
"text": "In mid-2004, Napster co-founder and entrepreneur Sean Parker—an informal advisor to Zuckerberg—became company president."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms and controversies | Privacy | Cambridge Analytica",
"text": "On April 24, 2019, Facebook said it could face a fine between $3 billion to $5 billion as the result of an investigation by the Federal Trade Commission."
},
{
"section_header": "Website | Technical aspects",
"text": "The website's primary color is blue as Zuckerberg is red–green colorblind, a realization that occurred after a test undertaken around 2007."
}
] |
Mark Zuckerberg, the founder and CEO of Facebook, cannot tell the difference between red and green.
| 0 | 0 |
Facebook
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to the Pulitzer, Adams has received the Erasmus Prize, five Grammy Awards, the Harvard Arts Medal, France's Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and six honorary doctorates."
}
] |
Pwra55Rz8AwyqVKhcmrF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Before 1977",
"text": "John Adams, in full John Coolidge Adams, was born in Worcester, Massachusetts on February 15, 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Klinghoffer controversy",
"text": "BSO managing director Mark Volpe remarked of the decision: \"We originally programmed the choruses from John Adams' The Death of Klinghoffer because we believe in it as a work of art, and we still hold that conviction. ... [Tanglewood Festival Chorus members] explained that it was a purely human reason, and that it wasn't in the least bit a criticism of the work."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Adams experienced a musical epiphany after reading John Cage's book Silence (1973), which he claimed \"dropped into [his] psyche like a time bomb\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition | Other awards",
"text": "Pulitzer Prize for Music for On the Transmigration of Souls (2003) Erasmus Prize (2019) Best Contemporary Composition for Nixon in China (1989) Best Contemporary Composition for El Dorado (1998) Best Classical Album for On the Transmigration of Souls (2004) Best Orchestral Performance for On the Transmigration of Souls (2004) Best Classical Contemporary Composition for On the Transmigration of Souls (2004) Royal Philharmonic Society Music Award for Best Chamber Composition for Chamber Symphony (1994) University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition for Violin Concerto (1995) California Governor's Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Arts Cyril Magnin Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Arts"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition | Other awards",
"text": "Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Knight of the Order of Arts and Letters) (2015) Harvard Arts Medal (2007) 2018 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category of Music and Opera"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Coolidge Adams (born February 15, 1947) is an American composer and conductor of classical music and opera, with strong roots in minimalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1977 to Nixon in China",
"text": "A commission from the symphony resulted in Adams' large, three-movement choral symphony Harmonium (1980–81) setting texts by John Donne and Emily Dickinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1977 to Nixon in China",
"text": "Adams has subsequently worked with Sellars on all of his operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Adams explained that working with synthesizers caused a \"diatonic conversion\", a reversion to the belief that tonality was a force of nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Klinghoffer controversy",
"text": "\" Adams and Klinghoffer librettist Alice Goodman criticized the decision, and Adams rejected a request to substitute a performance of Harmonium, saying: \"The reason that I asked them not to do 'Harmonium' was that I felt that 'Klinghoffer' is a serious and humane work, and it's also a work about which many people have made prejudicial judgments without even hearing it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to the Pulitzer, Adams has received the Erasmus Prize, five Grammy Awards, the Harvard Arts Medal, France's Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and six honorary doctorates."
}
] |
John Adams has lacked recognition for his works.
| 0 | 2 |
John Adams (composer)
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A wavelet from this family of wavelets is now used in the JPEG 2000 standard."
}
] |
PxAAH1I6I0plHAxaTT26
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daubechies is recognized for her study of the mathematical methods that enhance image-compression technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her research involves the use of automatic methods from both mathematics, technology and biology to extract information from samples like bones and teeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She also developed sophisticated image processing techniques used to help establish the authenticity and age of some of the world's most famous works of art including paintings by Vincent van Gogh and Rembrandt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baroness Ingrid Daubechies ( doh-bə-SHEE; French: [dobʃi]; born 17 August 1954) is a Belgian physicist and mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Image compression Digital cinema"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A wavelet from this family of wavelets is now used in the JPEG 2000 standard."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "The award honored her \"for fundamental discoveries on wavelets and wavelet expansions and for her role in making wavelets methods a practical basic tool of applied mathematics\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is best known for her work with wavelets in image compression."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 2010 she was awarded an honorary doctorate by The Norwegian University of Science and Technology ("
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 1998, she was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences and won the Golden Jubilee Award for Technological Innovation from the IEEE Information Theory Society"
}
] |
Ingrid Daubechies invented the technology used to make .GIF image files.
| 0 | 0 |
Ingrid Daubechies
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée."
}
] |
PxDN7NUwDTvjhgfruE5u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Monument",
"text": "The face of the allegorical representation of France calling forth her people on this last was used as the belt buckle for the honorary rank of Marshal of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Another 40 steps remain to climb in order to reach the top, the terrasse, from where one can enjoy a panoramic view of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (UK: , US: , French: [aʁk də tʁijɔ̃f də letwal] (listen); lit. '\" Triumphal Arch of the Star\"') is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named Place de l'Étoile—the étoile or \"star\" of the juncture formed by its twelve radiating avenues."
}
] |
Due to the heavy traffic on the roundabout, it is recommended pedestrians use 1 of 2 underpasses.
| 0 | 6 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Egypt was a Christian country before the 7th century, and after Islam arrived, the country was gradually Islamised into a majority-Muslim country."
}
] |
PyYcDpamMhkCMpmpwZKE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Egypt recognises only three religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Egypt is a predominantly Sunni Muslim country with Islam as its state religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Egypt was a Christian country before the 7th century, and after Islam arrived, the country was gradually Islamised into a majority-Muslim country."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Under Anwar Sadat, Islam became the official state religion and Sharia the main source of law."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "An estimated 85–90% are identified as Muslim, 10–15% as Coptic Christians, and 1% as other Christian denominations, although without a census the numbers cannot be known."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Of the Christian population in Egypt over 90% belong to the native Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, an Oriental Orthodox Christian Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Other estimates put the Christian population as high as 15–20%."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Islam is the official religion of Egypt and Arabic is its official language."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Other native Egyptian Christians are adherents of the Coptic Catholic Church, the Evangelical Church of Egypt and various other Protestant denominations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–present) | President Morsi (2012–2013)",
"text": "Liberal and secular groups walked out of the constituent assembly because they believed that it would impose strict Islamic practices, while Muslim Brotherhood backers threw their support behind Morsi."
}
] |
Egypt's most widely practiced religion was Christianity and then Islam after that.
| 0 | 0 |
Egypt
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "International relations | Places named after Venice",
"text": "Venice, Alberta, in Canada Venice, Florida, city in Sarasota County"
}
] |
PzABfqDr2jKuDeDjDfS5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "Along with Pirandello, Goldoni is probably the most notable name in Italian theatre, in his country and abroad."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations | Places named after Venice",
"text": "additional places around the world are named after Venice: e.g. Venice, Los Angeles, home of Venice Beach"
},
{
"section_header": "International relations | Places named after Venice",
"text": "Venice has cooperation agreements with: Nuremberg, Germany (1999) Thessaloniki, Greece Qingdao, China (Science and Technology Partnership) The name \"Venezuela\" is a Spanish diminutive of Venice (Veneziola).Many"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cinema, media, and popular culture | In video games",
"text": "One of the nine playable characters, Silver the Hedgehog, was once a mink named \"Venice\" during development."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations | Places named after Venice",
"text": "Venice, Alberta, in Canada Venice, Florida, city in Sarasota County"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice for a millennium and more, from 697 to 1797."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Glass",
"text": "Despite efforts to keep Venetian glassmaking techniques within Venice, they became known elsewhere, and Venetian-style glassware was produced in other Italian cities and other countries of Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Sport",
"text": "A technique invented in the Venetian Lagoon, Venetian rowing is unusual in that the rower(s), one or more, row standing, looking forward."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "By 2017, UNESCO was considering the addition of Venice to its \"In-Danger\" list, which includes historical ruins in war-torn countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Subsidence | Flooding",
"text": "More than 80% of the city was covered by water, which damaged cultural heritage sites, including more than 50 churches, leading to tourists cancelling their visits."
}
] |
Venice is the name of a city in more than one country.
| 0 | 0 |
Venice
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia."
}
] |
PzhBt3EM5EZfNLH9TrDg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Constitution of state",
"text": "We do not have a Punic name for this body."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Layout",
"text": "The street was often used as a storefront/shopfront; cisterns were installed in basements to collect water for domestic use, and a long corridor on the right side of each residence led to a courtyard containing a sump, around which various other elements may be found."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary sources",
"text": "Neither side has left us their stories about life in Punic-era Carthage."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Overview",
"text": "Two large, artificial harbors were built within the city, one for harboring the city's massive navy of 220 warships and the other for mercantile trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient history | Roman Carthage",
"text": "At the Council of Carthage (397), the biblical canon for the western Church was confirmed."
},
{
"section_header": "Trade and business",
"text": "Furthermore, [Carthage although surrounded by the Romans] built one hundred and twenty decked ships in two months... for old timber had been stored away in readiness, and a large number of skilled workmen, maintained at public expense."
},
{
"section_header": "Trade and business",
"text": "The Phoenicians then had ventured into the western Mediterranean, founding trading posts, including Utica and Carthage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient history | Roman Carthage",
"text": "These two exarchates were the western bulwarks of the Byzantine Empire, all that remained of its power in the West."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Layout",
"text": "Due to the Roman's leveling of the city, the original Punic urban landscape of Carthage was largely lost."
}
] |
Carthage lies on the western side from a large body of water.
| 0 | 0 |
Carthage
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "Rodrigo de Borja was born on 1 January 1431, in the town of Xativa near Valencia, one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon, in what is now Spain."
}
] |
Q0Xi72sB2UbqXcld5iJq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into the prominent Borgia family in Xàtiva in the Crown of Aragon (now Spain), Rodrigo studied law at the University of Bologna."
},
{
"section_header": "Birth and family",
"text": "Rodrigo de Borja was born on 1 January 1431, in the town of Xativa near Valencia, one of the component realms of the Crown of Aragon, in what is now Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Then he ended the Mass at which were present five cardinals, Serra, Juan and Francesco Borgia, Casanova and Loris."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Plays",
"text": "Caesar Borgia, son of Pope Alexander the Sixth: a tragedy acted at the Duke's theatre by Their Royal Highnesses servants a 1679 play by Nathaniel Lee and John Dryden, dramatizes the life of Pope Alexander VI and his son Cesare Borgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "The prominent Italian families looked down on the Spanish Borgia family, and they resented their power, which they sought for themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Following the death of Alexander VI, Julius II said on the day of his election: \"I will not live in the same rooms as the Borgias lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Alexander Lee argues that the crimes attributed to the Borgias were exaggerated by contemporaries because they were outsiders expanding their holdings at the expense of the Italians, that they were Spaniards when it was felt that Spain had too much control on the Italian peninsula, and that after the death of Alexander the family lost its influence and therefore any incentive for anyone to defend them."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "In these circumstances Alexander, feeling more than ever that he could only rely on his own kin, turned his thoughts to further family aggrandizement."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The connection began in 1470, and she had four children whom he openly acknowledged as his own: Cesare (born 1475), Giovanni, afterwards duke of Gandia (commonly known as Juan, born 1476), Lucrezia (born 1480), and Gioffre (Goffredo in Italian, born 1481 or 1482)."
},
{
"section_header": "Familial aggrandizement",
"text": "This is, at least partially, why both Pope Callixtus III and Pope Alexander VI gave powers to family members whom they could trust."
}
] |
Alexander the sixth was born into the Borgia family of present day Spain.
| 1 | 2 |
Pope Alexander VI
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The unnamed narrator of the story opens with a lengthy commentary on the nature and practice of analytical reasoning, then describes the circumstances under which he first met Dupin during an extended visit to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Madame L'Espanaye and her daughter have been found dead at their home in the Rue Morgue, a fictional street in Paris."
}
] |
Q0nhkdezVdshFRHBBQuz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Though subtitled \"A Sequel to 'The Murders in the Rue Morgue'\", \"The Mystery of Marie Rogêt\" shares very few common elements with \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" beyond the inclusion of C. Auguste Dupin and the Paris setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and analysis",
"text": "London had recently established its first professional police force and American cities were beginning to focus on scientific police work as newspapers reported murders and criminal trials."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A made-for-TV movie, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, aired in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "\"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" has been adapted for radio, film and television many times."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and analysis",
"text": "In a letter to friend Dr. Joseph Snodgrass, Poe said of \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\", \"its theme was the exercise of ingenuity in detecting a murderer."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and analysis",
"text": "\" Dupin is not a professional detective; he decides to investigate the murders in the Rue Morgue for his personal amusement."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Upon its release, \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" and its author were praised for the creation of a new profound novelty."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "He printed only one, \"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" oddly collected with the satirical \"The Man That Was Used Up\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He formulates a method by which the murderer could have entered the room and killed both women, involving an agile climb up a lightning rod and a leap to a set of open window shutters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Murders in the Rue Morgue\" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in Graham's Magazine in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The unnamed narrator of the story opens with a lengthy commentary on the nature and practice of analytical reasoning, then describes the circumstances under which he first met Dupin during an extended visit to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Madame L'Espanaye and her daughter have been found dead at their home in the Rue Morgue, a fictional street in Paris."
}
] |
The Murders in the Rue Morgue is set in London.
| 1 | 4 |
The Murders in the Rue Morgue
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1911, Bender tied a record by pitching three complete games in a single World Series."
}
] |
Q0tdXvRTKzLB2tGRYPpe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "He is one of only a few pitchers in the 20th century to throw 200 or more innings at the age of 19."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "He lost Game 4 of the series in another complete game effort, 4–3 in 10 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "In the 1911 Series, he pitched three complete games to tie Christy Mathewson's record of three complete games in a World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Bender pitched all 9⅔ innings for the Athletics, striking out 6."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Bender went 1–1, 1.06 ERA in the series, pitching a 4-hit, 3–0 complete game shutout in Game 2, striking out 9, and again went the distance in Game 5, giving up just two earned runs in eight innings and losing 2–0 to Christy Mathewson."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1911, Bender tied a record by pitching three complete games in a single World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Later career",
"text": "They would also make it three World Series titles in four years by defeating the Giants in five games."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "His walks per nine innings rate was 2.17; only a few pitchers since 1893 have had a rate below 2.2 at the age of 20 or younger."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "After an inning in which he had pitched particularly well, he might yell back, \"Foreigners! Foreigners!\"Off"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Bender pitched a complete-game three-hitter in the opener, striking out 8 and giving up only one unearned run."
}
] |
Chief Bender pitched four complete games in one World Series games in his career and threw 200 or more innings at the age of 19.
| 0 | 0 |
Chief Bender
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "This could indicate that this type of architecture and associated activities originated at Göbekli Tepe, and then spread to other sites."
}
] |
Q0wc5qTTvMr4vkTG4eZJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "In 1994, Klaus Schmidt of the German Archaeological Institute, who had previously been working at Nevalı Çori, was looking for another site to excavate."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "This could indicate that this type of architecture and associated activities originated at Göbekli Tepe, and then spread to other sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The tell includes two phases of use, believed to be of a social or ritual nature by site discoverer and excavator Klaus Schmidt, dating back to the 10th–8th millennium BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, the site was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "The conservation work caused controversy in 2018, when Çiğdem Köksal Schmidt, an archaeologist and widow of Klaus Schmidt, said the site was being damaged by the use of concrete and \"heavy equipment\" during the construction of a new walkway."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Tell",
"text": "Continuing the naming pattern, it is called \"complex E\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "He reviewed the archaeological literature on the surrounding area, found the 1963 Chicago researchers’ brief description of Göbekli Tepe, and decided to reexamine the site."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "Human burials may have occurred at the site."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "The stated goals of the GHF Göbekli Tepe project are to support the preparation of a site management and conservation plan, construction of a shelter over the exposed archaeological features, training community members in guiding and conservation, and helping Turkish authorities secure UNESCO World Heritage Site designation for GT."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "American archaeologist Peter Benedict identified lithics collected from the surface of the site as belonging to the Aceramic Neolithic, but mistook stone slabs (the upper parts of the T-shaped pillars) for grave markers, postulating that the prehistoric phase was overlain by a Byzantine cemetery."
}
] |
This site was identified by Klaus Tepe whom the site is named after.
| 0 | 4 |
Göbekli Tepe
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Perhaps more than anything else, Shelley wanted his message of reform and revolution spread, and the wind becomes the trope for spreading the word of change through the poet-prophet figure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His other poems written at the same time—\"The Masque of Anarchy\", Prometheus Unbound, and \"England in 1819\"—take up these same themes of political change, revolution, and role of the poet."
}
] |
Q0ytTI1voXfgjyKd0oPN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to the West Wind\" is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 near Florence, Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The poem \"Ode to the West Wind\" consists of five sections (cantos) written in terza rima."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The Ode is written in iambic pentameter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some also believe that the poem was written in response to the loss of his son, William (born to Mary Shelley) in 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | First Canto",
"text": "However, one must not think of this ode as an optimistic praise of the wind; it is clearly associated with autumn."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Third Canto",
"text": "This refers to the effect of west wind in the water."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Fourth Canto",
"text": "With this knowledge, the West Wind becomes a different meaning."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Fourth Canto",
"text": "This may be a reference to the years that have passed and \"chained and bowed\" (55) the hope of the people who fought for freedom and were literally imprisoned."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Third Canto",
"text": "This again shows the influence of the west wind which announces the change of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | First Canto",
"text": "The first stanza begins with the alliteration \"wild West Wind\" (line 1)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Perhaps more than anything else, Shelley wanted his message of reform and revolution spread, and the wind becomes the trope for spreading the word of change through the poet-prophet figure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His other poems written at the same time—\"The Masque of Anarchy\", Prometheus Unbound, and \"England in 1819\"—take up these same themes of political change, revolution, and role of the poet."
}
] |
Ode to the West Wind is a poem written by Percy Shelley about the passing of his male child.
| 1 | 6 |
Ode to the West Wind
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.