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Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Hoffman has been widely reported in different media to have harassed Streep during the making of the movie, and the two had a contentious working relationship as a result."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "In a 1979 Time magazine interview, Streep claimed that Hoffman groped her breast on their first meeting."
}
] |
QfHq9PQPFxdUbVhuCxMs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Dustin Hoffman, Meryl Streep, Jane Alexander, and Justin Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Meryl Streep as Joanna (Stern) Kramer"
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Kramer vs. Kramer reflected a cultural shift which occurred during the 1970s, when ideas about motherhood and fatherhood were changing."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation",
"text": "In 1995, Kramer vs. Kramer was remade in India as Akele Hum Akele Tum, starring Aamir Khan and Manisha Koirala."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ted Kramer (Dustin Hoffman) is a workaholic advertising executive who has just been assigned a new and very important account."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "That's what makes Kramer vs. Kramer such a touching film: We get the feeling at times that personalities are changing and decisions are being made even as we watch them.\" Vincent Canby of The New York Times called it a \"fine, witty, moving, most intelligent adaptation of Avery Corman's best-selling novel,\" with Streep giving \"one of the major performances of the year\" and Hoffman \"splendid in one of the two or three best roles of his career.\" Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, \"'Kramer vs. Kramer' never loses its low-key, realistic touch."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "\"How do I look?\" As the elevator doors start to close on Joanna, Ted answers, \"Terrific.\" Dustin Hoffman as Ted Kramer"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kramer vs. Kramer was theatrically released on December 19, 1979, by Columbia Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Hoffman has been widely reported in different media to have harassed Streep during the making of the movie, and the two had a contentious working relationship as a result."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kramer vs. Kramer is a 1979 American legal drama film written and directed by Robert Benton, based on Avery Corman's 1977 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "In a 1979 Time magazine interview, Streep claimed that Hoffman groped her breast on their first meeting."
}
] |
Kramer vs. Kramer is a movie starring Dustin Hoffman, who abused co-star Meryl Streep during filming.
| 0 | 0 |
Kramer vs. Kramer
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Emperor | War of the Sixth Coalition",
"text": "Although the French were victorious in the initial battles during the campaign in Germany, they were eventually defeated at the Battle of Leipzig in the autumn of 1813, which proved to be a decisive victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Napoleonic Wars | 1807 loss to French forces",
"text": "The interests of Europe as a whole were utterly forgotten."
}
] |
QfnXaWdZ9u64xk0wcpVc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Postbellum | Peace of Paris and the Congress of Vienna",
"text": "Such was Alexander's mood when the downfall of Napoleon left him one of the most powerful sovereigns in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Postbellum | Revolt of the Greeks",
"text": "From this time until his death, Alexander's mind was conflicted between his dreams of a stable confederation of Europe and his traditional mission as leader of the Orthodox crusade against the Ottomans."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | War against Persia",
"text": "It also began a large demographic shift in the Caucasus, as many Muslim families emigrated to Persia"
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | War against Persia",
"text": "After a series of successful offensives led by General Pyotr Kotlyarevsky, including a decisive victory in the storming of Lankaran, Persia was forced to sue for peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the second half of his reign, Alexander became increasingly arbitrary, reactionary, and fearful of plots against him; as a result he ended many of the reforms he made earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Napoleonic Wars | Opposition to Napoleon",
"text": "In opposing Napoleon I, \"the oppressor of Europe and the disturber of the world's peace,\" Alexander in fact already believed himself to be fulfilling a divine mission."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Prussia",
"text": "But Alexander's relations with Napoleon nonetheless suffered a change."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | War of the Sixth Coalition",
"text": "Although the French were victorious in the initial battles during the campaign in Germany, they were eventually defeated at the Battle of Leipzig in the autumn of 1813, which proved to be a decisive victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | French invasion",
"text": "The campaign of 1812 was the turning point for Alexander's life; after the burning of Moscow, he declared that his own soul had found illumination, and that he had realized once and for all the divine revelation to him of his mission as the peacemaker of Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Napoleonic Wars | 1807 loss to French forces",
"text": "The interests of Europe as a whole were utterly forgotten."
}
] |
Alexander's many victories against Napoleon galvanized his previous resolve to conquer Europe.
| 2 | 3 |
Alexander I of Russia
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William \"Buck\" Ewing (October 17, 1859 – October 20, 1906) was an American Major League Baseball player and manager."
}
] |
QgaDYTUScdcyGXeHBTl2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1890, when a player revolt led to the formation of the short-lived Players' League, Ewing led the New York franchise as both star player and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William \"Buck\" Ewing (October 17, 1859 – October 20, 1906) was an American Major League Baseball player and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In addition to playing, Ewing managed for seven seasons: the 1890 (Players' League) Giants, the 1895–1899 Cincinnati Reds, and the first half of the season with the 1900 Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Three years later, in 1939, they were among the first 19th century players elected and Ewing"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In the first elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame, Ewing and Cap Anson led all 19th century players."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was named one of the top five players from the 19th century in a 1999 poll by the Society for American Baseball Research."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ewing was equally renowned for his defensive abilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Ewing was the man of whom it was said, \"He handed the ball to the second baseman from the batter's box."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "\" Primarily a catcher, Ewing was versatile enough to play all nine positions and fast enough to steal 354 bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Playing until 1897 with the Giants, Cleveland Spiders and Cincinnati Reds, Ewing posted consistently superb offensive numbers."
}
] |
Ewing was a MLB player and manager.
| 1 | 5 |
Buck Ewing
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (UK: , US: ; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions and a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration."
}
] |
QhVmyUyWXU37xNnDDDk8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "My Life as an Explorer. New York: Doubleday."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "Amundsen's French Latham 47 flying boat never returned."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "The North-West Passage; Being the Record of a Voyage of Exploration of the Ship \"Gjöa\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "His team included Norwegian pilot Leif Dietrichson, French pilot René Guilbaud, and three more Frenchmen."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | South Pole Expedition",
"text": "Amundsen next planned to take an expedition to the North Pole and explore the Arctic Basin."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | Northwest Passage",
"text": "The explorer sent the new king, Haakon VII"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (UK: , US: ; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions and a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | South Pole Expedition",
"text": "The painful retreat caused a quarrel within the group, and Amundsen sent Johansen and the other two men to explore King Edward VII Land."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Owing to Amundsen's numerous significant accomplishments in polar exploration, many places in both the Arctic and Antarctic are named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "North Polar Expeditions and Northeast Passage | Northeast Passage",
"text": "The goal of the expedition was to explore the unknown areas of the Arctic Ocean, strongly inspired by Fridtjof Nansen's earlier expedition with Fram."
}
] |
Amundsen was a French explorer.
| 0 | 2 |
Roald Amundsen
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "When principal photography began in August 1979 the original intention was for a 15- to 16-week shoot, but it ultimately took one year."
}
] |
QhtuhXwk1852Y3y4FmJU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming took place in five different countries and at various points the crew had to wait for snow to fall in Helsinki (and other parts of Finland), which stood in for the Soviet Union, and for rain to stop in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Beatty still had problems with it and he and Griffiths spent four and a half months fixing it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "When principal photography began in August 1979 the original intention was for a 15- to 16-week shoot, but it ultimately took one year."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "But Nicholson was committed to the role and appeared at the start of filming four months later having lost the weight he had gained and looking much younger."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Peter Biskind wrote about the making of Reds, \"Beatty's relationship with Keaton barely survived the shoot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reds is a 1981 American epic historical drama film co-written, produced, and directed by Warren Beatty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reds came in ninth in the epic genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Released on December 4, 1981, Reds opened to critical acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Reed becomes involved in labor strikes with the \"Reds\" of the Communist Labor Party of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Reds holds an 89% \"Fresh\" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes based on 44 reviews."
}
] |
The filming of Reds only took seven months.
| 0 | 0 |
Reds (film)
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "The Yankees purchased Dickey from Jackson for $12,500 ($186,119 in current dollar terms)."
}
] |
QjWIGif3kMgNs21UL6g8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Blackburne signed Dickey to play for his team."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Dickey played in three games for Little Rock in 1925, then was assigned to Muskogee in 1926, where he had a .283 batting average in 61 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Little Rock had a working agreement with the Chicago White Sox of the American League, which involved sending players between Little Rock, the Muskogee Athletics of the Class C Western Association, and the Jackson Senators of the Class D Cotton States League."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "Dickey signed a contract for 1940, receiving a $20,500 salary."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The ballpark was named after Bill; his brother George; and two famous Arkansas businessmen, Jackson and Witt Stephens."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dickey played for the Yankees from 1928 through 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "Dickey played his first full season in MLB in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "Dickey saw his playing time decrease with the addition of Hemsley."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "When Dickey's backup, Buddy Rosar, left the team without permission to take examinations to join the Buffalo police force and to be with his wife who was about to have a baby, Yankees manager Joe McCarthy signed Rollie Hemsley to be the second string catcher, relegating Rosar to the third string position."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "He led all catchers with 95 assists and 13 double plays."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "The Yankees purchased Dickey from Jackson for $12,500 ($186,119 in current dollar terms)."
}
] |
Bill Dickey was playing ball for the Muskogee Athletics when he was signed to the Yankees.
| 2 | 5 |
Bill Dickey
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Connection to Death in Venice",
"text": "The atmosphere was to derive from the \"mixture of death and amusement\" that Mann had encountered whilst visiting his wife in a Swiss sanatorium."
}
] |
Qk0qhfTAbfHpTF3ix5TV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Connection to Death in Venice",
"text": "According to the author, he originally planned The Magic Mountain as a novella, a humorous, ironic, satirical (and satyric) follow-up to Death in Venice, which he had completed in 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "It introduces the protagonist, Hans Castorp, the only child of a Hamburg merchant family."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "However, whereas the classical Bildungsroman would conclude by Castorp having formed into a mature member of society, with his own world view and greater self-knowledge, The Magic Mountain ends with Castorp becoming an anonymous conscript, one of millions, under fire on some battlefield of World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to Mann, in the afterword that was later included in the English translation of his novel, this stay inspired his opening chapter (\"Arrival\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "The titular reference to mountain reappears in many layers."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Allegorical characters | Castorp",
"text": "Castorp is the name of a historically prominent family in Mann's hometown, Lübeck, which provided at least three generations of Mayors for the town in the era of the Renaissance."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "The Berghof sanatorium is located on a mountain, both geographically and figuratively, a separate world."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In the opening chapter, Castorp leaves his familiar life and obligations, in what he later learns to call \"the flatlands\", to visit the rarefied mountain air and introspective small world of the sanatorium."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Connection to Death in Venice",
"text": "The atmosphere was to derive from the \"mixture of death and amusement\" that Mann had encountered whilst visiting his wife in a Swiss sanatorium."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "Another topos of German literature is the Venus Mountain (Venusberg), which is referred to in Richard Wagner's opera Tannhäuser."
}
] |
The author of The Magic Mountain was inspired to cross themes of dying and comedy after he visited a family member in a psychiatric hospital.
| 0 | 0 |
The Magic Mountain
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Willie James Wells (August 10, 1906 – January 22, 1989), nicknamed \"The Devil,\" was an American baseball player."
}
] |
QkO6aVWflD02r6TSffrm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wells was born in Austin, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "While with the Eagles, Wells was part of the \"Million Dollar Infield,\" consisting of Wells, Ray Dandridge, Dick Seay, and Mule Suttles."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Stella Lee Wells, Willie's daughter, created a scholarship fund honoring her father, called the Stella and Willie Wells Scholarship Fund."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wells was a fast base-runner who hit for both power and average."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Wells returned to the U.S. and continued with the sport as manager of the Birmingham Black Barons."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Returning to the U.S. in 1945, Wells played for various Negro league teams through the 1950 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Wells was originally buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Austin, Texas, but was re-interred in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "After his baseball career, Wells was employed at a New York City deli before returning to his birthplace of Austin to look after his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Willie James Wells (August 10, 1906 – January 22, 1989), nicknamed \"The Devil,\" was an American baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Wells was nicknamed El Diablo by Mexican fans for his extraordinary intensity and the English translation (\"The Devil\") followed him as a nickname in the United States."
}
] |
Wells was referred to as "The Devil".
| 3 | 5 |
Willie Wells
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( VAHG-nər, German: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] (listen); 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas ("
}
] |
QkPmLXQaxqmX7MIQNpzh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Until he was fourteen, Wagner was known as Wilhelm Richard Geyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "or, as some of his mature works were later known, \"music dramas\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( VAHG-nər, German: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ] (listen); 22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas ("
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Influence on music",
"text": "The Italian form of operatic realism known as verismo owed much to the Wagnerian concept of musical form."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Opponents and supporters",
"text": "Wagner's followers (known as Wagnerians or Wagnerites) have formed many societies dedicated to Wagner's life and work."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | In exile: Switzerland (1849–1858)",
"text": "From May 1853 onwards Wesendonck made several loans to Wagner to finance his household expenses in Zürich, and in 1857 placed a cottage on his estate at Wagner's disposal, which became known as the Asyl (\"asylum\" or \"place of rest\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas",
"text": "Unlike most opera composers, who generally left the task of writing the libretto (the text and lyrics) to others, Wagner wrote his own libretti, which he referred to as \"poems\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas | \"Romantic operas\" (1843–51)",
"text": "These three operas are sometimes referred to as Wagner's \"romantic operas\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Operas | \"Romantic operas\" (1843–51)",
"text": "They were also the operas by which his fame spread during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Other interpretations",
"text": "Thus, for example, George Bernard Shaw wrote in The Perfect Wagnerite (1883): [Wagner's] picture of Niblunghome under the reign of Alberic is a poetic vision of unregulated industrial capitalism as it was made known in Germany in the middle of the 19th century by Engels's book The Condition of the Working Class in England."
}
] |
Wagner was mostly known for his operas.
| 0 | 0 |
Richard Wagner
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Tokugawa shogunate (徳川幕府, Tokugawa bakufu), also known, especially in Japanese, as the Edo shogunate (江戸幕府, Edo bakufu), was the feudal military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1868.The"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Tokugawa shogunate declined during the Bakumatsu (\"final act of the shogunate\") period from 1853 and was overthrown by supporters of the Imperial Court in the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
}
] |
QkoWqlYC8RMFfb8AGJub
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government | Relations with the Emperor",
"text": "The shogunate secured a nominal grant of administration (体制, taisei) by the Imperial Court in Kyoto to the Tokugawa family."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Relations with the Emperor",
"text": "The shogunate issued the Laws for the Imperial and Court Officials (kinchu narabini kuge shohatto 禁中並公家諸法度) to set out its relationship with the Imperial family and the kuge (imperial court officials), and specified that the Emperor should dedicate to scholarship and poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Institutions of the shogunate | Ōmetsuke and metsuke",
"text": "The five ōmetsuke were in charge of monitoring the affairs of the daimyōs, kuge and imperial court."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Tokugawa shogunate declined during the Bakumatsu (\"final act of the shogunate\") period from 1853 and was overthrown by supporters of the Imperial Court in the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Tokugawa shoguns governed Japan in a feudal system, with each daimyō administering a han (feudal domain), although the country was still nominally organized as imperial provinces."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Relations with the Emperor",
"text": "Towards the end of the shogunate, however, after centuries of the Emperor having very little say in state affairs and being secluded in his Kyoto palace, and in the wake of the reigning shōgun, Tokugawa Iemochi, marrying the sister of Emperor Kōmei (r. 1846–1867), in 1862, the Imperial Court in Kyoto began to enjoy increased political influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Relations with the Emperor",
"text": "Regardless of the political title of the Emperor, the shōguns of the Tokugawa family controlled Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Late Tokugawa shogunate (1853–1867)",
"text": "The late Tokugawa shogunate (Japanese: 幕末 Bakumatsu) was the period between 1853 and 1867, during which Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy called sakoku and modernized from a feudal shogunate to the Meiji government."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Tokugawa shogunate came to an official end in 1868 with the resignation of the 15th Tokugawa shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, leading to the \"restoration\" (王政復古, Ōsei fukko) of imperial rule."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the mid-19th century, an alliance of several of the more powerful daimyō, along with the titular Emperor, succeeded in overthrowing the shogunate after the Boshin War, culminating in the Meiji Restoration."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Tokugawa shogunate (徳川幕府, Tokugawa bakufu), also known, especially in Japanese, as the Edo shogunate (江戸幕府, Edo bakufu), was the feudal military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1868.The"
}
] |
The Tokugawa shogunate was a government in Japan and was succeeded by the Imperial Court.
| 0 | 1 |
Tokugawa shogunate
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television series."
}
] |
QlLcEHkI1ONsRI5yCuoe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Goodfellas inspired director David Chase to make the HBO television series The Sopranos.\" He told Peter Bogdanovich, \"Goodfellas is a very important movie to me and Goodfellas really plowed that ... I found that movie very funny and brutal"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television series."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Photography",
"text": "Scorsese broke the film down into sequences and storyboarded everything because of the complicated style throughout."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Photography",
"text": "we're trying to show.\" He adopted a frenetic style to almost overwhelm the audience with images and information."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies - #94"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay",
"text": "Scorsese and Pileggi collaborated on the screenplay, and over the course of the 12 drafts it took to reach the ideal script, the reporter realized \"the visual styling had to be completely redone... So we decided to share credit."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Photography",
"text": "and I wanted it to be throughout the whole picture, and I wanted the style to kind of break down by the end, so that by [Henry's] last day as a wiseguy, it's as if the whole picture would be out of control, give the impression he's just going to spin off the edge and fly out.\" He added that the film's style comes from the first two or three minutes of Jules and Jim (1962): extensive narration, quick edits, freeze frames, and multiple locale switches."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Time included Goodfellas in their list of Time's All-Time 100 Movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Goodfellas is #94 on the American Film Institute's \"100 Years, 100 Movies\" list and moved up to #92 on its AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) from 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Photography",
"text": "Scorsese remarked, \" So if you do the movie, you say, 'I don't care if there's too much narration."
}
] |
Goodfellas's style did not inspire other movies.
| 1 | 4 |
Goodfellas
|
History
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gaius Julius Caesar ( SEE-zər, Latin: [ˈɡaːɪ.ʊs ˈjuːlɪ.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar]; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire."
}
] |
QlXaQ7lnNLaZrYkogtl9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During this time he both invaded Britain and built a bridge across the Rhine river, greatly extending Roman territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Consulship and military campaigns | Civil war",
"text": "Caesar then pursued Pompey to Egypt, arriving soon after the murder of the general."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gaius Julius Caesar ( SEE-zər, Latin: [ˈɡaːɪ.ʊs ˈjuːlɪ.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar]; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Octavian set about solidifying his power, and the era of the Roman Empire began."
},
{
"section_header": "Consulship and military campaigns",
"text": "Roman satirists ever after referred to the year as \"the consulship of Julius and Caesar."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Deification",
"text": "Julius Caesar was the first historical Roman to be officially deified."
},
{
"section_header": "Consulship and military campaigns | Civil war",
"text": "Pompey, despite greatly outnumbering Caesar, who only had his Thirteenth Legion with him, did not intend to fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship",
"text": "When Caesar returned to Rome, the Senate granted him triumphs for his victories, ostensibly those over Gaul, Egypt, Pharnaces, and Juba, rather than over his Roman opponents."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He could not do both in the time available."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His cognomen was subsequently adopted as a synonym for \"Emperor\"; the title \"Caesar\" was used throughout the Roman Empire, giving rise to modern cognates such as Kaiser and Tsar."
}
] |
Julius Caesar was an Egypian general who has greatly impacted both Egypt and the Roman Empire.
| 3 | 9 |
Julius Caesar
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Organ",
"text": "The organ was dedicated in 1868."
}
] |
QlY0HH6HcafkFWQUYlYw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Organ",
"text": "The current organ has 115 stops (156 ranks) on five manuals and pedal, and more than 8,000 pipes."
},
{
"section_header": "Organ",
"text": "The organ was dedicated in 1868."
},
{
"section_header": "Organ",
"text": "It was reported that the organ was not damaged in the fire of July 2019, but will need cleaning."
},
{
"section_header": "Organ",
"text": "Between 2012 and 2014, Bertrand Cattiaux and Pascal Quoirin restored, cleaned, and modified the organ."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century | 2019 fire",
"text": "An ornate tapestry woven in the early 1800s is going on public display for only the third time in recent decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Organ",
"text": "One of the earliest organs at Notre-Dame, built in 1403 by Friedrich Schambantz, was replaced between 1730 and 1738 by François Thierry."
},
{
"section_header": "Organ",
"text": "Between 1959 and 1963, the mechanical action with Barker levers was replaced with an electric action by Jean Hermann, and a new organ console was installed."
},
{
"section_header": "Organ",
"text": "During the restoration of the cathedral by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, Aristide Cavaillé-Coll built a new organ, using pipe work from the former instruments."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "New furniture was produced as well as the current high altar, depicting Louis XIV and Louis XIII kneeling before a Pietà."
},
{
"section_header": "Organ",
"text": "The stop and key action was upgraded, a new console was built, (again using the stop keys, pedal board, foot pistons and balance pedals of the 1992 console), a new enclosed division (\"Résonnance expressive\", using pipework from the former \"Petite Pédale\" by Boisseau, which can now be used as a floating division), the organ case and the façade pipes were restored, and a general tuning was carried out."
}
] |
The current organ is from the 1800s.
| 0 | 0 |
Notre-Dame de Paris
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "His inability to relate to the feelings of others and his entire lack of empathy – the cruelty instilled in him by the \"world\" – is epitomized in the very first stanza of the first book by his stunningly self-centered thoughts about being with the dying uncle whose estate he is to inherit: \"But God how deadly dull to sample"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the 1820s, Eugene Onegin is a bored St. Petersburg dandy, whose life consists of balls, concerts, parties, and nothing more."
}
] |
QlZ42IiYkChA1z4rZhsB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "One of the main themes of Eugene Onegin is the relationship between fiction and real life."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "Eugene Onegin: A dandy from Saint Petersburg, about 26."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "An arrogant, selfish, and world-weary cynic."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "Vladimir Lensky: A young poet, about 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "A very romantic and naïve dreamer."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "Tatyana Larina: A shy and quiet, but passionate, landowner's daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "Pushkin referred to her as aged 17 in a letter to Pyotr Vyazemsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters",
"text": "Olga Larina: Tatyana's younger sister."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations | Film",
"text": "In 1919, a silent film Eugen Onegin, based on the novel, was produced in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations | Film",
"text": "One major difference from the novel is the duel: Onegin is presented as deliberately shooting to kill Lensky and is unrepentant at the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "His inability to relate to the feelings of others and his entire lack of empathy – the cruelty instilled in him by the \"world\" – is epitomized in the very first stanza of the first book by his stunningly self-centered thoughts about being with the dying uncle whose estate he is to inherit: \"But God how deadly dull to sample"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the 1820s, Eugene Onegin is a bored St. Petersburg dandy, whose life consists of balls, concerts, parties, and nothing more."
}
] |
One of the main themes of the Prussian novel Eugene Onegin is the main character's instability and poverty.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugene Onegin
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Abu Dhabi was also a filming location; the production crew chose it over Dubai, as they would benefit from the Emirate's 30% rebate scheme."
}
] |
QldLPKvSmwbiQSZJ5DGR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In May 2013, Diesel said that the sequel would feature Los Angeles, Tokyo, and the Middle East as locations."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "It set opening weekend records in 29 countries including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Egypt, Malaysia, Mexico, Middle East, Romania, Taiwan, Thailand, Venezuela and Vietnam."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "The film set all-time opening-day records in 15 countries including Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, India, Indonesia, the Middle East and Thailand, and opening day records for Universal Pictures in 40 countries including Australia, Brazil, Germany, Italy and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "[Furious 7] was for Paul, [the eighth film] is from Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Furious 7 (titled onscreen as Fast & Furious 7) is a 2015 American action thriller film directed by James Wan and written by Chris Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Furious 7 premiered at the SXSW Film Festival at 12:07 a.m. at Austin's Paramount Theatre on March 16, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following Walker's death, filming was delayed for script rewrites and his brothers, Caleb and Cody, were used as stand-ins to complete his remaining scenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "However, as production for Furious 7 would commence in September, Johnson confirmed his return for, as Hercules would complete production in time to enable him to film a significant part."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Furious 7 was released on 7 September 2015 in the UK and was released via DVD and Blu-ray on September 15, 2015 in other countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Redevelopment of Walker's character",
"text": "In April 2014, it was reported that Walker's brothers Caleb and Cody had been hired as stand-ins."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Abu Dhabi was also a filming location; the production crew chose it over Dubai, as they would benefit from the Emirate's 30% rebate scheme."
}
] |
Furious 7 was filmed in the Middle East.
| 0 | 2 |
Furious 7
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973."
}
] |
Qm83crVtGF0LPZCVfJsb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Rebellion of the dukes",
"text": "Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria, died in 937 and was succeeded by his son Eberhard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto II succeeded him as Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Poole, Reginald L. (April 1911). \" Burgundian Notes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto I (23 November 912 – 7 May 973), traditionally known as Otto the Great (German: Otto der Große, Italian: Ottone il Grande), was German king from 936 and Holy Roman Emperor from 962 until his death in 973."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Reign from Rome",
"text": "In 969, John I Tzimiskes assassinated and succeeded Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros in a military revolt."
},
{
"section_header": "Liudolf's Civil War | Rebellion against Otto",
"text": "Arnulf II was a son of Arnulf the Bad, whom Henry had previously displaced as duke, and he sought revenge: he deserted Henry and joined the rebellion against Otto."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "In relation to the other members of his dynasty, Otto I was the son of Henry I, father of Otto II, grandfather of Otto III, and great-uncle to Henry II."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Foreign relations | Bohemia",
"text": "The war was not concluded until 950, when Otto besieged a castle owned by Boleslaus' son."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To resolve this conflict, the Byzantine princess Theophanu married his son Otto II in April 972."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Foreign relations | Burgundy",
"text": "Otto intervened in the succession and with his support, Rudolf II's son, Conrad of Burgundy, was able to secure the throne."
}
] |
Otto l was known as Otto the Impaler and his son succeeded him.
| 0 | 4 |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Africa",
"text": "Goodall had always been passionate about animals and Africa, which brought her to the farm of a friend in the Kenya highlands in 1957."
}
] |
Qm8H21E4PlckEHOfzyq0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Africa",
"text": "She went to Newnham College, Cambridge, and obtained a PhD in ethology."
},
{
"section_header": "Africa",
"text": "Leakey raised funds, and on 14 July 1960, Goodall went to Gombe Stream National Park, becoming the first of what would come to be called The Trimates."
},
{
"section_header": "Africa",
"text": "Goodall had always been passionate about animals and Africa, which brought her to the farm of a friend in the Kenya highlands in 1957."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Jane Goodall Institute",
"text": "Goodall is also a board member for the world's largest chimpanzee sanctuary outside of Africa, Save the Chimps in Fort Pierce, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Jane Goodall Institute",
"text": "Currently all of the original Jane Goodall archives reside there and have been digitised, analysed, and placed in an online database."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Jane Goodall Institute",
"text": "In 1977, Goodall established the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which supports the Gombe research, and she is a global leader in the effort to protect chimpanzees and their habitats."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Jane Goodall Institute",
"text": "With nineteen offices around the world, the JGI is widely recognised for community-centred conservation and development programs in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Gary Larson cartoon incident",
"text": "One finds a blonde human hair on the other and inquires, \"Conducting a little more 'research' with that Jane Goodall tramp?\" Goodall herself was in Africa at the time, and the Jane Goodall Institute thought this was in bad taste and had its lawyers draft a letter to Larson and his distribution syndicate in which they described the cartoon as an \"atrocity\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Jane Goodall Institute",
"text": "Owing to an overflow of handwritten notes, photographs, and data piling up at Jane's home in Dar es Salaam in the mid-1990s, the Jane Goodall Institute's Center for Primate Studies was created at the University of Minnesota to house and organise this data."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 60-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees since she first went to Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania in 1960.She"
}
] |
Jane Goodall went to Africa because she was interested in learning about African tribes.
| 0 | 1 |
Jane Goodall
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thirty were found guilty, nineteen of whom were executed by hanging (fourteen women and five men)."
}
] |
Qn5ie7X3bIqZ4ThGrn6u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In literature, media and popular culture",
"text": "Most recently, the events of the Salem witch trials were interpreted in the 2018 exploitation-teen comedy film Assassination Nation, which changed the setting to the present United States and added thick social commentary in order to underline the absurdity of the actual events."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Formal prosecution: The Court of Oyer and Terminer",
"text": "all confessed to being witches."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Witch cake",
"text": "Hale did not mention Tituba as having any part of it, nor did he identify when the incident took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Touch test",
"text": "If the accused witch touched the victim while the victim was having a fit, and the fit stopped, observers believed that meant the accused was the person who had afflicted the victim."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal procedures | Spectral evidence",
"text": "The publication A Tryal of Witches, related to the 1662 Bury St Edmunds witch trial, was used by the magistrates at Salem when looking for a precedent in allowing spectral evidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources and early discussion",
"text": "The most famous primary source about the trials is Cotton Mather's Wonders of the Invisible World: Being an Account of the Tryals of Several Witches, Lately Executed in New-England, printed in October 1692."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | September 1692",
"text": "Hoar was given a temporary reprieve, with the support of several ministers, to make a confession of being a witch."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Publicizing Witchcraft",
"text": "Symptoms included neck and back pains, tongues being drawn from their throats, and loud random outcries; other symptoms included having no control over their bodies such as becoming limber, flapping their arms like birds, or trying to harm others as well as themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline | Initial events",
"text": "If such upstanding people could be witches, the townspeople thought, then anybody could be a witch, and church membership was no protection from accusation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thirty were found guilty, nineteen of whom were executed by hanging (fourteen women and five men)."
}
] |
The Salem witch trials actually did not have people being burnt at the stake.
| 0 | 0 |
Salem witch trials
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the St. Louis Cardinals (1915–1926, 1933), New York Giants (1927), Boston Braves (1928), Chicago Cubs (1929–1932), and St. Louis Browns (1933–1937)."
}
] |
QnMBzbSfAQ7DXt0Fk3Zk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By the age of 15, Hornsby was already playing for several semi-professional teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fort Worth, Texas, Hornsby played for several semi-professional and minor league teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "His tenure in Mexico ended after only nine days, however, owing to financial differences with team owner Jorge Pasquel."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals and Browns",
"text": "Hornsby only appeared in two games with the team during the 1936 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "He made the team, but did not play in any games for the Steers; he was released after only two weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1915–1919",
"text": "Hornsby came to the attention of the St. Louis Cardinals during an exhibition series between that team and the Railroaders in spring training in 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1915–1919",
"text": "During the offseason, Miller Huggins, unhappy with the Cardinals' management, left the team to manage the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Boils on his feet bothered him during the start of the 1932 season, and he did not play his first game until May 29."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While he was in high school, Hornsby also played on the football team, alongside future College Football Hall of Famer Bo McMillin."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "With both teams in 1914, Hornsby batted .232 and committed 45 errors in 113 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the St. Louis Cardinals (1915–1926, 1933), New York Giants (1927), Boston Braves (1928), Chicago Cubs (1929–1932), and St. Louis Browns (1933–1937)."
}
] |
Hornsby played for five different teams during his professional career.
| 0 | 0 |
Rogers Hornsby
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 2010, upon the departure of Liu, Chang took up his old role as CEO of the company."
}
] |
QocHjEYucu0bASVLUKqR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company was founded by Fred Chang, a U.S. immigrant from Taiwan, in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 2010, upon the departure of Liu, Chang took up his old role as CEO of the company."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Chang was Newegg's chairman and CEO until August 1, 2008, when it was announced he would step down as CEO and chairman while remaining a member of the board of directors and executive committee."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In March 2019, esports entertainment company Allied Esports named Newegg a founding partner and the official e-commerce partner of the HyperX Esports Arena in Las Vegas, NV.In June 2019, Newegg and Allied Esports co-hosted the Triple Crown Royale at the HyperX Esports Arena Las Vegas."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Chang also retained his position as President of Newegg's Chinese operations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Litigation | Patent troll cases",
"text": "Newegg has become known as a company that fights \"patent trolls."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company has more than 1,500 employees."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2016, Liaison Interactive (SZSE: 002280), a Chinese technology company, acquired a majority stake in Newegg in an investment deal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "The founders selected \"Newegg\" as the company name to signify new hope for e-commerce during a period when e-commerce businesses were struggling to survive."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Litigation",
"text": "In an official statement denying the claims in the lawsuit, the company stated: \" Newegg is aware of the allegations made by two former employees and a former consultant."
}
] |
The company Newegg was founded by Fred Chang who is who is no longer the CEO.
| 0 | 0 |
Newegg
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1953: Early years | Teenage life in Memphis",
"text": "In November 1948, the family moved to Memphis, Tennessee."
}
] |
QpJudtHSafPG5y3KrMHt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1953: Early years | Childhood in Tupelo",
"text": "Presley was a devotee of Mississippi Slim's show on the Tupelo radio station WELO."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1953: Early years | Childhood in Tupelo",
"text": "He was jailed for eight months, while Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1953: Early years | Childhood in Tupelo",
"text": "Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi to Vernon Elvis (April 10, 1916 – June 26, 1979) and Gladys Love (née Smith; April 25, 1912 – August 14, 1958) Presley in a two-room shotgun house that his father built for the occasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1953: Early years | Teenage life in Memphis",
"text": "In November 1948, the family moved to Memphis, Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | Marriage breakdown and Aloha from Hawaii",
"text": "He often raised the possibility of her moving into Graceland, saying that he was likely to leave Priscilla."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1968–1973: Comeback | Elvis: the '68 Comeback Special",
"text": "He moved his body with a lack of pretension and effort that must have made Jim Morrison green with envy.\" Dave Marsh calls the performance one of \"emotional grandeur and historical resonance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1935–1953: Early years | Childhood in Tupelo",
"text": "Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1973–1977: Health deterioration and death | Final months and death",
"text": "[...] It was clear that, from the time whatever hit him to the moment he had landed on the floor, Elvis hadn't moved.\" Attempts to revive him failed, and his death was officially pronounced the next day at 3:30 p.m. at the Baptist Memorial Hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1956–1958: Commercial breakout and controversy | Steve Allen Show and first Sullivan appearance",
"text": "Watching clips of the Allen and Berle shows with his producer, Sullivan had opined that Presley \"got some kind of device hanging down below the crotch of his pants—so when he moves his legs back and forth"
}
] |
Elvis Presley moved from Mississippi in the 1940's.
| 2 | 6 |
Elvis Presley
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
}
] |
Qq6PEU68IsapN5cH5gj6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "The Ghibellines were thus the imperial party, while the Guelphs supported the Pope."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "In the 15th century, the Guelphs supported Charles VIII of France during his invasion of Italy at the start of the Italian Wars, while the Ghibellines were supporters of the emperor Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "The Pope made another treaty but he immediately broke it and continued to back the Guelphs, supporting Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia as King of the Romans and soon plotted to have Frederick killed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "Essentially the two sides were now fighting either against German influence (in the case of the Guelphs) or against the temporal power of the Pope (in the case of the Ghibellines)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "The Ghibellines then supported Louis' invasion of Italy and coronation as King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guelphs and Ghibellines (, also US: ; Italian: guelfi e ghibellini [ˈɡwɛlfi e ɡɡibelˈliːni; -fj e]) were factions supporting the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor, respectively, in the Italian city-states of central and northern Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "Philip was supported by the Ghibellines as a relative of Frederick I, while Otto was supported by the Guelphs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | White and Black Guelphs",
"text": "The Blacks continued to support the Papacy, while the Whites were opposed to Papal influence, specifically the influence of Pope Boniface VIII."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "Philip's heir, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, was an enemy of both Otto and the Papacy, and during Frederick's reign, the Guelphs became more strictly associated with the Papacy while the Ghibellines became supporters of the Empire and Frederick in particular."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th–14th centuries",
"text": "After the death of Frederick II in 1250, the Ghibellines were supported by Conrad IV of Germany and later Manfred, King of Sicily, while the Guelphs were supported by Charles I of Naples."
}
] |
Guelphs and Ghibellines were two groups who supported the Pope and the Roman aristocrat.
| 0 | 0 |
Guelphs and Ghibellines
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career overview",
"text": "Clarkson compiled a career 328-178 record, placing him twelfth on the MLB list of all-time wins."
}
] |
Qqdu6LaNFIL5BbWKrkdk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played from 1882 to 1894. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Clarkson played for the Worcester Ruby Legs (1882), Chicago White Stockings (1884–1887), Boston Beaneaters (1888–1892), and Cleveland Spiders (1892–1894)."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago White Stockings (1884–1887) | A 36-win season in 1886",
"text": "The sixth game, at St. Louis, was considered one of the greatest games ever played to that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career overview",
"text": "Clarkson compiled a career 328-178 record, placing him twelfth on the MLB list of all-time wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career overview",
"text": "His 24 career home runs (in the deadball era) ranks 7th on the List of Major League Baseball all-time leaders in home runs by pitchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Spiders (1892–1893)",
"text": "In 1894, Clarkson pitched his final year in the major leagues, playing his last game on July 12, 1894 and finishing 8-10 in 18 starts for the Spiders."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Clarkson played his first major league game at age 20 on May 2, 1882."
},
{
"section_header": "Career overview",
"text": "\"At the time Clarkson retired from the game, he was the winningest pitcher in National League history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Gibson Clarkson (July 1, 1861 – February 4, 1909) was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "After attending business school and playing semipro ball, Clarkson signed as a free agent with the Worcester Ruby Legs of the National League in 1882."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Clarkson was one of five sons of a prosperous jeweler."
}
] |
John Clarkson is 11th on the all time win list as a pitcher and only played from 1882 to 1894.
| 0 | 0 |
John Clarkson
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields."
}
] |
QrpMWnmYPWHYgeT8wR3c
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and the only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win the Nobel Prize in two different scientific fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person to win two Nobel Prizes, the only woman to win in two fields, and the only person to win in multiple sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Marie Curie was the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "\" She was the first person to win or share two Nobel Prizes, and remains alone with Linus Pauling as Nobel laureates in two fields each."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "She was the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "A month after accepting her 1911 Nobel Prize, she was hospitalised with depression and a kidney ailment."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "It was only over half a century later, in 1962, that a doctoral student of Curie's, Marguerite Perey, became the first woman elected to membership in the Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Curie's second Nobel Prize enabled her to persuade the French government into supporting the Radium Institute, built in 1914, where research was conducted in chemistry, physics, and medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "Her daughter later remarked on the French press' hypocrisy in portraying Curie as an unworthy foreigner when she was nominated for a French honour, but portraying her as a French heroine when she received foreign honours such as her Nobel Prizes."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "International recognition for her work had been growing to new heights, and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, overcoming opposition prompted by the Langevin scandal, honoured her a second time, with the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry."
}
] |
Curie was the 2nd woman to win a Nobel Prize.
| 2 | 2 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His gentle nature was legendary, and to this day he is held up as an example of good sportsmanship, while his name has become synonymous with friendly competition."
}
] |
QrzAgbwicX3Fav1w3KaR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball Hall of Fame",
"text": "Johnson, Ty Cobb, Christy Mathewson, Babe Ruth and Honus Wagner were known as the \"Five Immortals\" because they were the first players chosen for the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Hall of Fame",
"text": "Johnson was one of the first five players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Perry Johnson (November 6, 1887 – December 10, 1946), nicknamed \"Barney\" and \"The Big Train\", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Walter Johnson baseball field in Humboldt, Kansas. Walter Johnson Road in Germantown, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A small high school baseball league in Kansas is named the Walter Johnson League."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The baseball field in Memorial Park, in Weiser, Idaho, is called Walter Johnson Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Walter Johnson was the second of six children (Effie, Leslie, Earl, Blanche) born to Frank Edwin Johnson (1861–1921) and Minnie Olive Perry (1867–1967) on a rural farm four miles west of Humboldt, Kansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" They were voted for by baseball fans online as part of the Franchise Four competition and were \"selected as the most impactful players\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Johnson, moreover, pitched with a sidearm motion, whereas power pitchers are usually known for pitching with a straight-overhand delivery."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He held the career record in strikeouts for nearly 56 years, with 3,508, from the end of his career in 1927 until the 1983 season, when three players (Steve Carlton, Nolan Ryan and Gaylord Perry) finally passed the mark."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His gentle nature was legendary, and to this day he is held up as an example of good sportsmanship, while his name has become synonymous with friendly competition."
}
] |
Professional baseball player Walter Perry Johnson was not known for his temper.
| 0 | 0 |
Walter Johnson
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "The year after their marriage, Martha's father died and bequeathed her a 2,500-acre cotton plantation with 100 slaves on the Pearl River in Lawrence County, Mississippi."
}
] |
Qs1ZZWNtl6tfBavy2pa7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was born Stephen Arnold Douglass in Brandon, Vermont, on April 23, 1813, to physician Stephen Arnold Douglass and his wife, Sarah Fisk."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | Buchanan administration | Lincoln-Douglas debates",
"text": "He warned against sectionalism and secession, telling one crowd, \"if you deem it treason for abolitionists to appeal to the passions and prejudices of the North, how much less treason is it,"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Richard Dreyfuss portrayed Stephen A. Douglas in a Lincoln–Douglas debate audiobook."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Edgar Lee Masters' work Children of the Marketplace: A fictitious biography is about Stephen Douglas."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "They had two sons: Robert M. Douglas (1849–1917) and Stephen Arnold Douglas, Jr., (1850–1908)."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | 1860 presidential election | Nomination",
"text": "His support was concentrated in the North, especially the Midwest, though some unionist Southerners like Alexander H. Stephens were sympathetic to his cause."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Illinois politician",
"text": "At Douglas's request, President Smith recounted a history of the Missouri persecutions, to which Douglas expressed sympathy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | Early years",
"text": "Along with Fillmore and other supporters of the compromise, Douglas's lobbying helped ensure that the compromise also passed the House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | 1860 presidential election | Nomination",
"text": "Douglas's 1858 re-election solidified his standing as a leading contender for the Democratic nomination in the 1860 presidential election."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "The year after their marriage, Martha's father died and bequeathed her a 2,500-acre cotton plantation with 100 slaves on the Pearl River in Lawrence County, Mississippi."
}
] |
Stephen Douglas's wife was an abolitionist.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen A. Douglas
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Allegations of child pornography and abuse",
"text": "In 1998, Kelly paid Tiffany Hawkins $250,000 after she claimed Kelly had induced her to have group sex with other teenage girls when she was 15 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Surviving R. Kelly",
"text": "In January 2019, Lifetime began airing a six-part documentary series detailing sexual abuse and misconduct allegations against Kelly."
}
] |
QsO8kmJMbbWJkHqPeHkA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Surviving R. Kelly",
"text": "Within two weeks, Kelly launched a Facebook page where he sought to discredit the accusers who appeared in the docuseries."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Surviving R. Kelly",
"text": "Facebook removed the page for violating their standards as it appeared to contain personal contact information for his accusers."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Alleged sex cult",
"text": "Jim DeRogatis reported for BuzzFeed News on July 17, 2017, that Kelly was accused by three sets of parents of holding their daughters in an \"abusive cult\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage",
"text": "In 1996, Kelly married Andrea Kelly, his former backup dancer and mother of his three children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He is the third of four children with an older sister and brother and a younger brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother, Joanne Kelly, was a professional singer who raised her children in the Baptist church, where she sang lead in the choir."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Musical response to allegations",
"text": "\"I Admit\" on SoundCloud on July 23, 2018, as a response to his accusers."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Alleged sexual abuse of minors",
"text": "On February 22, 2019, the Cook County State's Attorney's Office in Illinois charged Kelly with 10 counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse."
},
{
"section_header": "Other legal issues",
"text": "Also that year, a 20-year-old accused Kelly in civil court of having sexual relations with her when he was 24 and she was 15."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Surviving R. Kelly",
"text": "In January 2019, Lifetime began airing a six-part documentary series detailing sexual abuse and misconduct allegations against Kelly."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Allegations of child pornography and abuse",
"text": "In 1998, Kelly paid Tiffany Hawkins $250,000 after she claimed Kelly had induced her to have group sex with other teenage girls when she was 15 years old."
}
] |
R. Kelly was accused of abusing children.
| 1 | 2 |
R. Kelly
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
}
] |
QsYW3YYpm945q9OEAUQO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel is set in South Wales during the reign of Queen Victoria."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 novel by Richard Llewellyn, narrated by Huw Morgan, the main character, about his Welsh family and the mining community in which they live."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He sits up to \"... look down in the valley.\" He then reflects: \"How green was my Valley that day, too, green and bright in the sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "His five brothers and his father are miners."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The phrase is used again in the novel's last sentence: \"How green was my Valley then, and the Valley of them that have gone.\" In the United States, Llewellyn won the National Book Award for favourite novel of 1940, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "How Green How Green Was My Valley is available on DVD from 20th Century Fox as part of their 20th Century Fox Studio Classics collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The music video adaptation takes some liberties in retelling the story, with the catastrophic family deaths being caused by a landslide, which was caused by a German V2 rocket during WWII rather than a mine explosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Directed by John Ford, How Green Was My Valley was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "It tells the story of the Morgans, a respectable mining family of the South Wales Valleys, through the eyes of one of the sons, Huw Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "Down Where the Moon is Small (1966) – Huw's life in Argentina Green, Green"
}
] |
How Green Was My Valley is a 1939 book about a family of miners during the reign of the Queen.
| 1 | 4 |
How Green Was My Valley
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "A mosquito then tried to steal Jimmu's royal blood but since Jimmu was a god incarnate Emperor, akitsumikami (現御神), a dragonfly killed the mosquito."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "Japan thus received its classical name the Dragonfly Islands, akitsushima (秋津島)."
}
] |
QtJcprjUv5n9Ci8prX5d
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emperor Jimmu (神武天皇, Jinmu-tennō) was the first Emperor of Japan according to legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "At this point, Jimmu is said to have ascended to the throne of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "The Imperial House of Japan traditionally based its claim to the throne on its putative descent from the sun-goddess Amaterasu via Jimmu's great-grandfather Ninigi."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "Before and during World War II, expansionist propaganda made frequent use of the phrase hakkō ichiu, a term coined by Tanaka Chigaku based on a passage in the Nihon Shoki discussing Emperor Jimmu."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "Some media incorrectly attributed the phrase to Emperor Jimmu."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "The Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki then combined these three mythical dynasties into one long and continuous genealogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "The last of these, Kamu-yamato Iware-biko no mikoto, became Emperor Jimmu."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "The sites at which these monuments were erected are known as Emperor Jimmu Sacred Historical Sites."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "no Mikoto, originally led the migration, and led the clan eastward through the Seto Inland Sea with the assistance of local chieftain Sao Netsuhiko."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "It is generally thought that Jimmu's name and character evolved into their present shape just before the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were chronicled in the Kojiki."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "A mosquito then tried to steal Jimmu's royal blood but since Jimmu was a god incarnate Emperor, akitsumikami (現御神), a dragonfly killed the mosquito."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "Japan thus received its classical name the Dragonfly Islands, akitsushima (秋津島)."
}
] |
Japan was originally entitled based on a bug that emperor Jimmu liked.
| 2 | 5 |
Emperor Jimmu
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He and his three sisters, Randi, Donna, and Arielle, were brought up in Dobbs Ferry, New York, a small Westchester County village about 21 miles north of Midtown Manhattan."
}
] |
QtMoPmNo2QC8aPKV3JpU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "In 2002, Zuckerberg registered to vote in Westchester County, New York, where he grew up, but did not cast a ballot until November 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Zuckerberg was born on May 14, 1984, in White Plains, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He and his three sisters, Randi, Donna, and Arielle, were brought up in Dobbs Ferry, New York, a small Westchester County village about 21 miles north of Midtown Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Internet.org",
"text": "According to Zuckerberg, Internet.org would also create new jobs and open up new markets using a three-tier strategy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Facebook",
"text": "They began with Columbia University, New York University, Stanford, Dartmouth, Cornell, University of Pennsylvania, Brown, and Yale."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Platform, Beacon, and Connect",
"text": "It grew to more than 800,000 developers around the world building applications for Facebook Platform."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legal controversies | Paul Ceglia",
"text": "In June 2010, Paul Ceglia, the owner of a wood pellet fuel company in Allegany County, upstate New York, filed suit against Zuckerberg, claiming 84 percent ownership of Facebook and seeking monetary damages."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in White Plains, New York, Zuckerberg attended Harvard University, where he launched the Facebook social networking service from his dormitory room on February 4, 2004, with college roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative",
"text": "He called it a \"cool idea\". Zuckerberg founded the Start-up: Education foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "New York's Daily News interviewed Facebook employees who commented anonymously that, \"Zuckerberg was genuinely angry about the incident"
}
] |
Zuckerberg grew up in New York.
| 1 | 2 |
Mark Zuckerberg
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "Caesar's dead body lay where it fell on the Senate floor for nearly three hours before other officials arrived to remove it."
}
] |
QtxU0IWu39pzJ08D4b26
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "Caesar's dead body lay where it fell on the Senate floor for nearly three hours before other officials arrived to remove it."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary works | Memoirs",
"text": "The Commentarii de Bello Civili (The Civil War), events of the Civil War from Caesar's perspective, until immediately after Pompey's death in Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "Caesar's body was cremated. A crowd which had gathered at the cremation started a fire, which badly damaged the forum and neighbouring buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Aftermath of the assassination",
"text": "The result unforeseen by the assassins was that Caesar's death precipitated the end of the Roman Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These achievements and the support of his veteran army threatened to eclipse the standing of Pompey, who had realigned himself with the Senate after the death of Crassus in 53 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On the Ides of March (15 March), 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by a group of rebellious senators led by Brutus and Cassius, who stabbed him to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Consulship and military campaigns | Civil war",
"text": "He then had Pompey's assassins put to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and physical appearance",
"text": "Suetonius, writing more than a century after Caesar's death, describes Caesar as \"tall of stature with a fair complexion, shapely limbs, a somewhat full face, and keen black eyes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Hearing of Sulla's death in 78 BC, Caesar felt safe enough to return to Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He ran against two powerful senators."
}
] |
Caesar's body was immediately removed after his death from the Senate floor.
| 3 | 5 |
Julius Caesar
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Frequency counter",
"text": "It uses digital logic to count the number of cycles during a time interval established by a precision quartz time base."
}
] |
QuKnoX1Yr7WgBQrtNHso
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Stroboscope",
"text": "This is an intense repetitively flashing light (strobe light) whose frequency can be adjusted with a calibrated timing circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The period is the duration of time of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency."
},
{
"section_header": "Related types of frequency",
"text": "Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the time axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Sound",
"text": "Sound propagates as mechanical vibration waves of pressure and displacement, in air or other substances.."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Counting",
"text": "Calculating the frequency of a repeating event is accomplished by counting the number of times that event occurs within a specific time period, then dividing the count by the length of the time period."
},
{
"section_header": "Units",
"text": "A traditional unit of measure used with rotating mechanical devices is revolutions per minute, abbreviated r/min or rpm."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Frequency counter",
"text": "It uses digital logic to count the number of cycles during a time interval established by a precision quartz time base."
},
{
"section_header": "Related types of frequency",
"text": "In the case of more than one spatial dimension, wavenumber is a vector quantity."
},
{
"section_header": "Units",
"text": "One hertz means that an event repeats once per second."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time."
}
] |
A frequency counter's mechanism relies on a timing circuit.
| 1 | 1 |
Frequency
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was performed at the Lenaia, one of the Festivals of Dionysus in Athens, in 405 BC, and received first place."
}
] |
QuivaW1HsSu86nKIX0nF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Quaouauh!\"The call of the Frog Chorus, \"Brekekekéx-koáx-koáx\" (Greek: Βρεκεκεκέξ κοάξ κοάξ), followed by a few of Charon's lines from the play formed part of the Yale \"Long Cheer\", which was first used in public in 1884, and was a feature of Yale sporting events from that time until the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Finnegans Wake references this play with the words \"Brékkek Kékkek Kékkek Kékkek!"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As the play opens, Xanthias and Dionysus argue over what kind of jokes Xanthias can use to open the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Structure",
"text": "Segal suggests that this deviation gave a tone of seriousness to the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Sophocles",
"text": "When Aeschylus leaves the underworld at the end of the play, Sophocles takes his throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The two playwrights take turns quoting verses from their plays and making fun of the other."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "; (\"oh, what a stroke, won't you come to the rescue?\", from Aeschylus' lost play Myrmidons)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "This is the point of the first choral interlude (parodos), sung by the eponymous chorus of frogs (the only scene in which frogs feature in the play)."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "In the Gilbert and Sullivan light opera The Pirates of Penzance, Major-General Stanley, in his introductory song, includes the fact that he \"knows the croaking chorus from The Frogs of Aristophanes\" in a list of all his scholarly achievements."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the play",
"text": "Stephen Sondheim and Burt Shevelove adapted The Frogs to a musical of the same name, using characters of George Bernard Shaw and William Shakespeare instead of the Greek playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was performed at the Lenaia, one of the Festivals of Dionysus in Athens, in 405 BC, and received first place."
}
] |
They play earned the top spot at an event.
| 0 | 0 |
The Frogs
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "Along with Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith, Jay-Z helped produced the play Fela!, a musical celebrating the work of the late Nigerian star Fela Kuti."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "Among his success, Jay-Z has ventured into producing Broadway shows."
}
] |
Qum9EAcVLOq7DQuGy4H5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring out Jay-Z and Positive K and let them freestyle until I came back to the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), better known by his stage name Jay-Z (stylized as JAY-Z), is an American rapper, songwriter, record executive, entrepreneur, businessman, and record producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2012–2016: Magna Carta Holy Grail and other ventures",
"text": "Not long after, Jay-Z confirmed that the hyphen in his stage name would be left out and officially stylized in all capital letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2005–2007: Kingdom Come and American Gangster",
"text": "The theme of the concert was Jay-Z's position as President and CEO of Def Jam, complete with an on-stage mock-up of the Oval Office."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "Jay-Z also appeared on stage during U2 performances of \"Sunday Bloody Sunday\", and in Auckland also on a five-track EP entitled Watch the Throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "Among his success, Jay-Z has ventured into producing Broadway shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "The track was co-produced by Lex Luger and West himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2005–2007: Kingdom Come and American Gangster",
"text": "The two former rivals shook hands and shared the stage together to perform Jay-Z's \"Dead Presidents\" blended with Nas's song \" The World is Yours\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2012–2016: Magna Carta Holy Grail and other ventures",
"text": "In May 2012 it was reported that Jay-Z would work on new music with Roc Nation producer Jahlil Beats."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1998–2000: Vol. 2..., Vol. 3... and The Dynasty",
"text": "He relied more on flow and wordplay, and he continued with his penchant for mining beats from the popular producers of the day such as Swizz Beatz, an upstart in-house producer for Ruff Ryders, and Timbaland."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2008–2011: The Blueprint 3 and Watch the Throne",
"text": "Along with Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith, Jay-Z helped produced the play Fela!, a musical celebrating the work of the late Nigerian star Fela Kuti."
}
] |
Jay-Z has produced a stage musical.
| 0 | 0 |
Jay-Z
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was a laborer and painter who worked for the Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company."
}
] |
QumbgXD2GNUeCpEz3lCJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jesse Cail Burkett (December 4, 1868 – May 27, 1953), nicknamed \"Crab\", was an American professional baseball left fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was a laborer and painter who worked for the Wheeling and Belmont Bridge Company."
}
] |
Jesse Cail Burkett's dad ran a successful shipping business.
| 1 | 6 |
Jesse Burkett
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The most prominently watched sports in Switzerland are football, ice hockey, Alpine skiing, \"Schwingen\", and tennis."
}
] |
Quv6vR5qbBSKZ5jfxhyg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The headquarters of the international football's and ice hockey's governing bodies, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) and International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), are located in Zürich."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The most prominently watched sports in Switzerland are football, ice hockey, Alpine skiing, \"Schwingen\", and tennis."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations and international institutions",
"text": "Furthermore, many sport federations and organisations are located throughout the country, such as the International Handball Federation in Basel, the International Basketball Federation in Geneva, the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) in Nyon, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) and the International Ice Hockey Federation both in Zürich, the International Cycling Union in Aigle, and the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Many Swiss also follow ice hockey and support one of the 12 teams of the National League, which is the most attended league in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Actually many other headquarters of international sports federations are located in Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations and international institutions",
"text": "Additionally the headquarters of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) are located in Basel since 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional football club league."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Federal state",
"text": "Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings, the Swiss drew up a constitution which provided for a federal layout, much of it inspired by the American example."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities and economic centres are located, among them Zürich, Geneva and Basel, where multiple international organisations are domiciled (such as FIFA, the UN's second-largest Office, and the Bank for International Settlements) and where the main international airports of Switzerland are."
}
] |
Switzerland loves watching American football, ice hockey, Schwingen, and Roger Federer; with the headquarters for the international football (FIFA) and ice hockey (IIHF) located in Zurich.
| 1 | 3 |
Switzerland
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "The name \"Sony\" was chosen for the brand as a mix of two words: one was the Latin word \"sonus\", which is the root of sonic and sound, and the other was \"sonny\", a common slang term used in 1950s America to call a young boy."
}
] |
QvFZU416PigT9JZYJsIm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "In 1950s Japan, \"sonny boys\" was a loan word in Japanese, which connoted smart and presentable young men, which Sony founders Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka considered themselves to be."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "The name \"Sony\" was chosen for the brand as a mix of two words: one was the Latin word \"sonus\", which is the root of sonic and sound, and the other was \"sonny\", a common slang term used in 1950s America to call a young boy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "Another early name that was tried out for a while was \"Tokyo Teletech\" until Akio Morita discovered that there was an American company already using Teletech as a brand name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "The company occasionally used the acronym \"Totsuko\" in Japan, but during his visit to the United States, Morita discovered that Americans had trouble pronouncing that name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "The first Sony-branded product, the TR-55 transistor radio, appeared in 1955 but the company name did not change to Sony until January 1958.At the time of the change, it was extremely unusual for a Japanese company to use Roman letters to spell its name instead of writing it in kanji."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "Akio Morita was firm, however, as he did not want the company name tied to any particular industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Finance | Financial services",
"text": "Sony Financial's low fees have aided the unit's popularity while threatening Sony's premium brand name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Globalization",
"text": "In the process, he was struck by the mobility of employees between American companies, which was unheard of in Japan at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Globalization",
"text": "The company filled many positions in this manner, and inspired other Japanese companies to do the same."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Name",
"text": "They pushed for a name such as Sony Electronic Industries, or Sony Teletech."
}
] |
The Japanese company Sony derived it's name from a popular 1950's American lingo word for a young boy.
| 3 | 6 |
Sony
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Shanghai is home to several soccer teams, including two in the Chinese Super League: Shanghai Greenland Shenhua F.C. and Shanghai SIPG F.C.."
}
] |
QvP4wHYkh1nrw7Si6eQu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Cultural curation in Shanghai has seen significant growth since 2013, with several new museums having been opened in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "The Shanghai Cricket Club dates back to 1858 when the first recorded cricket match was played between a team of British Naval officers and a Shanghai 11."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Following a 45-year dormancy after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the club was re-established in 1994 by expatriates living in the city and has since grown to over 300 members."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Shanghai Conservatory of Music, Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre, Shanghai Opera House and Shanghai Theatre Academy are four major institutes of theater training in Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Railways",
"text": "Shanghai has four major railway stations: Shanghai railway station, Shanghai South railway station, Shanghai West railway station, and Shanghai Hongqiao railway station."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "As of 2012, the well-known Xiqu troupes in Shanghai include Shanghai Jingju Theatre Company, Shanghai Kunqu Opera Troupe, Shanghai Yue Opera House and Shanghai Huju Opera House."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Japanese invasion",
"text": "A side-effect of the Japanese invasion of Shanghai was the Shanghai Ghetto."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Architecture",
"text": "Shanghai is also home to many architecturally distinctive and even eccentric buildings, including the Shanghai Museum, the Shanghai Grand Theatre, the Shanghai Oriental Art Center, and the Oriental Pearl Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The religion also has its own college, the Shanghai Buddhist College, and its own press, Shanghai Buddhological Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Shanghai is also home to one of China's largest aquariums, the Shanghai Ocean Aquarium."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Shanghai is home to several soccer teams, including two in the Chinese Super League: Shanghai Greenland Shenhua F.C. and Shanghai SIPG F.C.."
}
] |
Shanghai does not have a European-style football club.
| 0 | 0 |
Shanghai
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "In order for them to marry and receive Millamant's full dowry, Mirabell must receive the blessing of Millamant's aunt, Lady Wishfort."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Unfortunately, Lady Wishfort is a very bitter lady who despises Mirabell and wants her own nephew, Sir Wilfull, to wed Millamant."
}
] |
Qvpfx2wpcH5X5wC3ioLI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Way of the World is a play written by the English playwright William Congreve."
},
{
"section_header": "Epigraph of the 1700 edition",
"text": "The epigraph found on the title page of the 1700 edition of The Way of the World contains two Latin quotations from Horace's Satires."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Therefore, The Way of the World's recreation of the older Restoration comedy's patterns is only one of the things that made the play unusual."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The play is centred on the two lovers Mirabell and Millamant (originally played by John Verbruggen and Anne Bracegirdle)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "In 1700, the world of London theatre-going had changed significantly from the days of, for example, The Country Wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Act 1 is set in a chocolate house where Mirabell and Fainall have just finished playing cards."
},
{
"section_header": "Further points of consideration",
"text": "Several aspects of the play give rise to critical discussion: The love expressed in the play tends to be centred on material gain rather than the love of the partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Unfortunately, Lady Wishfort is a very bitter lady who despises Mirabell and wants her own nephew, Sir Wilfull, to wed Millamant."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lady Wishfort offers Mirabell her consent to the marriage if he can save her fortune and honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Thus, the play is packed with legal jargon and financial and marital contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "In order for them to marry and receive Millamant's full dowry, Mirabell must receive the blessing of Millamant's aunt, Lady Wishfort."
}
] |
In the play The Way of the World, Mirabell is a lady.
| 0 | 0 |
The Way of the World
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "The Yankees' Mariano Rivera, who retired at the end of the 2013 season, was the last player in Major League Baseball to wear jersey number 42 on a regular basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era."
}
] |
QwBmbrcdmKEBlq5OZKr5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues | Pennant races and outside interests (1951–1953)",
"text": ", Robinson challenged the Yankees' general manager, George Weiss, on the racial record of his team, which had yet to sign a black player."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "For the 60th anniversary of Robinson's major league debut, MLB invited players to wear the number 42 on Jackie Robinson Day in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "As an exception to the retired-number policy, MLB began honoring Robinson by allowing players to wear number 42 on April 15, Jackie Robinson Day, which is an annual observance that started in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "MLB also adopted a new annual tradition, \"Jackie Robinson Day\", for the first time on April 15, 2004, on which every player on every team wears No. 42."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball life",
"text": "Despite the success of these two Robinsons and other black players, the number of African-American players in Major League Baseball has declined since the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-baseball life",
"text": "He was elected on the first ballot, becoming the first black player inducted into the Cooperstown museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues | MVP, Congressional testimony, and film biography (1948–1950)",
"text": "Racial pressure on Robinson eased in 1948 when a number of other black players entered the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When the Dodgers signed Robinson, they heralded the end of racial segregation in professional baseball that had relegated black players to the Negro leagues since the 1880s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robinson also was the first black television analyst in MLB and the first black vice president of a major American corporation, Chock full o'Nuts."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Negro leagues and major league prospects",
"text": "In what was later referred to as \"The Noble Experiment\", Robinson was the first black baseball player in the International League since the 1880s."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition",
"text": "The Yankees' Mariano Rivera, who retired at the end of the 2013 season, was the last player in Major League Baseball to wear jersey number 42 on a regular basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jack Roosevelt Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era."
}
] |
Jackie Robinson what the first Black player to sign to the MLB and he shares his number with a Yankees player.
| 0 | 2 |
Jackie Robinson
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although some critics took issue with the film's slow pace and restrained emotion, its reputation, like that of many of Kubrick's works, has strengthened over time, with many now regarding it as one of his greatest achievements."
}
] |
QwQCLYHSvgCWl06yspJQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Box office and reception | Re-evaluation",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"Cynical, ironic, and suffused with seductive natural lighting, Barry Lyndon is a complex character piece of a hapless man doomed by Georgian society.\" Roger Ebert added the film to his 'Great Movies' list on 9 September 2009 and increased his rating from three-and-a-half stars to four, writing, \"Stanley Kubrick's 'Barry Lyndon,' received indifferently in 1975, has grown in stature in the years since and is now widely regarded as one of the master's best."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Lyndon is a 1975 period drama film written, directed, and produced by Stanley Kubrick, based on the 1844 novel The Luck of Barry Lyndon by William Makepeace Thackeray."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The production was troubled; there were problems related to logistics, weather, and even politics (Kubrick feared that he might be an IRA hostage target).Barry Lyndon won four Oscars at the 48th Academy Awards: Best Scoring: Original Song Score and Adaptation or Scoring: Adaptation, Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction and Best Cinematography."
},
{
"section_header": "Box office and reception | Re-evaluation",
"text": "Martin Scorsese has named Barry Lyndon as his favourite Kubrick film, and it is also one of Lars von Trier's favourite films."
},
{
"section_header": "Box office and reception | Contemporaneous",
"text": "It is ravishingly beautiful and incredibly tedious in about equal doses, a succession of salon quality still photographs—as often as not very still indeed.\" The Washington Post wrote, \"It's not inaccurate to describe 'Barry Lyndon' as a masterpiece, but it's a deadend masterpiece, an objet d'art rather than a movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Kubrick set his sights on Thackeray's 1844 \"satirical picaresque about the fortune-hunting of an Irish rogue,\" Barry Lyndon, the setting of which allowed Kubrick to take advantage of the copious period research he had done for the now-aborted Napoleon."
},
{
"section_header": "Box office and reception | Cinematic analysis",
"text": "The main theme explored in Barry Lyndon is one of fate and destiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Box office and reception | Cinematic analysis",
"text": "As with any Stanley Kubrick film, there are a great deal of subtle messages and deeper meanings."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\"Having earned Oscar nominations for Dr. Strangelove, 2001: A Space Odyssey and A Clockwork Orange, Kubrick's reputation in the early 1970s was that of \"a perfectionist auteur who loomed larger over his movies than any concept or star\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kubrick began production on Barry Lyndon after his 1971 film A Clockwork Orange."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although some critics took issue with the film's slow pace and restrained emotion, its reputation, like that of many of Kubrick's works, has strengthened over time, with many now regarding it as one of his greatest achievements."
}
] |
Barry Lyndon a movie by Stanley Kubrick and is now viewed as one of his best movies that he has ever been involved in.
| 0 | 3 |
Barry Lyndon
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate."
}
] |
QwZJKhGuQtEjxNRO2sE6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Era of insurrections",
"text": "But, after the failed Napoleonic Wars, Poland was again split between the victorious powers at the Congress of Vienna of 1815."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II",
"text": "As agreed in the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Poland was split into two zones, one occupied by Nazi Germany, the other by the Soviet Union."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Second Polish Republic",
"text": "Following Marshall Piłsudski's death, Sanation split into several competing factions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres (120,733 sq mi), and has a largely temperate seasonal climate."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s to present",
"text": "In 1991, Poland became a member of the Visegrád Group and joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) alliance in 1999 along with the Czech Republic and Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Apart from the European Union, Poland has been a member of NATO since 1999, the UN, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) since 1996, European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, European Space Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cinema",
"text": "In 1945 the government established 'Film Polski', a state-run film production and distribution organization, with director Aleksander Ford as the head of the company."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war communism",
"text": "However, upon achieving victory in 1945, the elections organized by the occupying Soviet authorities were falsified and were used to provide a veneer of legitimacy for Soviet hegemony over Polish affairs."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "The capital of Warsaw serves as the headquarters for Frontex, the European Union's agency for external border security as well as ODIHR, one of the principal institutions of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1990s to present",
"text": "Most visibly, there were numerous improvements in human rights, such as freedom of speech, internet freedom (no censorship), civil liberties (1st class) and political rights (1st class), as ranked by Freedom House non-governmental organization."
}
] |
Poland is split into sixteen organized subdivisions.
| 1 | 3 |
Poland
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism."
}
] |
QwfPIRwJwTRdY4tuJjlx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "The Saṃsara, the life after death, and what impacts rebirth came to be seen as dependent on karma."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "Hinduism has the concept of Atman – the soul, self – asserted to exist in every living being, while Buddhism asserts through its anatman doctrine that there is no Atman in any being."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "In Buddhism, liberation is achieved when all things and beings are understood to be with no Self."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Indian religions, nirvana is synonymous with moksha and mukti."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Hence the original meaning of the word is \"blown out, extinguished\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "It was later adopted by other Indian religions, but with different meanings and description (Moksha), such as in the Hindu text Bhagavad Gita of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "In the Vedas and early Upanishads, the word mucyate (Sanskrit: मुच्यते) appears, which means to be set free or release - such as of a horse from its harness."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All Indian religions assert it to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness as well as the liberation from or ending of samsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word nirvāṇa, states Steven Collins, is from the verbal root vā \"blow\" in the form of past participle vāna \"blown\", prefixed with the preverb nis meaning \"out\"."
}
] |
The word can be seen in all the main religions in India.
| 4 | 7 |
Nirvana
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hurt made his film debut in 1980 as a troubled scientist in Ken Russell's science-fiction feature Altered States, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year."
}
] |
QxdUgOjWNRLUDox0zrae
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William McChord Hurt (born March 20, 1950) is an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two of his classmates there were Christopher Reeve and Robin Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hurt made his film debut in 1980 as a troubled scientist in Ken Russell's science-fiction feature Altered States, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He won an Obie Award for his debut appearance there in Corinne Jacker's My Life, and won a 1978 Theatre World Award for his performances in Fifth of July, Ulysses in Traction, and Lulu."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hurt attended the Middlesex School, where he was vice president of the Dramatics Club and had the lead role in several school plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Hurt reprised his role in Captain America: Civil War (2016), Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and Avengers: Endgame (2019)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "For his role in the series, Hurt earned a 2009 Primetime Emmy Award nomination in the \"Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series\" category."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played another leading role, as Arkady Renko, in Gorky Park (1983)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a variety of character roles in the following decade, Hurt earned his fourth Academy Award nomination for his supporting performance in David Cronenberg's crime thriller A History of Violence (2005)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1981 he played a leading role, as a lawyer who succumbs to the temptations of Kathleen Turner, in the neo-noir Body Heat."
}
] |
William Hurt debuted in a role as a Mathematician.
| 2 | 3 |
William Hurt
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "From that day onward, young John was raised by a kindly neighbor, Mary Goddard, under whose care he did quite well."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He became abusive toward the boy; and later on in 1885 (still only 12 years old), Johnny ran away."
}
] |
QxtttBKtcFq3j1NYWxNv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed \"Little Napoleon\" and \"Mugsy\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Style of play",
"text": "\"McGraw figures prominently in an Orioles-spiked-umpires recollection in Fred Lieb's 1950 The Baseball Story, which quotes 1890s umpire John Heydler, later a National League president, as saying: \"We hear much of the glories and durability of the old Orioles, but the truth about this team seldom has been told."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "His debut with his new team was inauspicious and short-lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "McGraw could not bear the thought of going home a failure, as both his father and Mary Goddard had urged him to stay home and take a regular job, instead of chasing his dream of being a ballplayer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McGraw also held the MLB record for most ejections by a manager (132) until Bobby Cox broke the record in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Major leagues",
"text": "1902 was his last season as a full-time player; he never played in more than 12 games or tallied more than 12 at bats in any season thereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The younger John McGraw was named \"John\" after his father, and \"Joseph\" after his grandfather back in Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "When McGraw learned that Giants owner Harry Hempstead and other heirs of Hempstead's predecessor, John T. Brush, wanted out of baseball before the 1919 season, McGraw set about finding a buyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "They had the younger John McGraw on April 7, 1873."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous honors",
"text": "The John McGraw Monument stands in his hometown of Truxton."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "From that day onward, young John was raised by a kindly neighbor, Mary Goddard, under whose care he did quite well."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He became abusive toward the boy; and later on in 1885 (still only 12 years old), Johnny ran away."
}
] |
MLB baseball figure John McGraw did not live at home after age 12.
| 0 | 0 |
John McGraw
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later history | Destruction",
"text": "As part of the Morean War (1684–1699), the Venetians sent an expedition led by Francesco Morosini to attack Athens and capture the Acropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history | Destruction",
"text": "The columns brought down with them the enormous marble architraves, triglyphs and metopes.\" About three hundred people were killed in the explosion, which showered marble fragments over nearby Turkish defenders and caused large fires that burned until the following day and consumed many homes."
}
] |
Qy6EilKmDxHUEvviaIsz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The Parthenon had 46 outer columns and 23 inner columns in total, each column having 20 flutes. (A flute is the concave shaft carved into the column form.) The roof was covered with large overlapping marble tiles known as imbrices and tegulae."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history | Destruction",
"text": "On 26 September a Venetian mortar round, fired from the Hill of Philopappos, blew up the magazine, and the building was partly destroyed."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history | Destruction",
"text": "As part of the Morean War (1684–1699), the Venetians sent an expedition led by Francesco Morosini to attack Athens and capture the Acropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Around the cella and across the lintels of the inner columns runs a continuous sculptured frieze in low relief."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history | Destruction",
"text": "The columns brought down with them the enormous marble architraves, triglyphs and metopes.\" About three hundred people were killed in the explosion, which showered marble fragments over nearby Turkish defenders and caused large fires that burned until the following day and consumed many homes."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The colonnade surrounds an inner masonry structure, the cella, which is divided into two compartments."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history | Destruction",
"text": "The following year, the Venetians abandoned Athens to avoid a confrontation with a large force the Turks had assembled at Chalcis; at that time, the Venetians had considered blowing up what remained of the Parthenon along with the rest of the Acropolis to deny its further use as a fortification to the Turks, but that idea was not pursued."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Older Parthenon",
"text": "The existence of both the proto-Parthenon and its destruction were known from Herodotus, and the drums of its columns were plainly visible built into the curtain wall north of the Erechtheion."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "There is a double row of columns at either end."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The stylobate is the platform on which the columns stand."
}
] |
The Parthenon had outer and inner columns that were partly battered when the Venetians attacked and killed civilians.
| 0 | 0 |
Parthenon
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and death",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Smith worked as a schoolteacher and later as a steel plant foreman."
}
] |
QylRuNWj5MQ74nLnMTg8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Often Paige would pitch the first three innings of a game, leaving Smith to pitch the remaining six."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hilton Lee Smith (February 27, 1907 – November 18, 1983) was an American right-handed pitcher in Negro league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "He possessed an outstanding curveball, but was overshadowed by his more flamboyant teammate Satchel Paige."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "From 1937 until his retirement in 1948, Smith was a star pitcher on the Monarchs."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Also, unlike Paige, Smith was a very good hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and death",
"text": "Smith had a quiet, reserved temperament, but in his later years he stood up for Negro Leaguers in their struggle to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He pitched alongside Satchel Paige for the Kansas City Monarchs between 1932 and 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career and death",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Smith worked as a schoolteacher and later as a steel plant foreman."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "In late 1936, Smith signed with the Kansas City Monarchs."
},
{
"section_header": "Semi-pro career",
"text": "In 1935 his teammates included Satchel Paige, Ted \"Double Duty\" Radcliffe, Quincy Trouppe, Barney Morris, and Chet Brewer."
}
] |
Hilton Smith was a pitcher who played with Satchel Paige and after playing in the Negro League he was a mechanic.
| 0 | 0 |
Hilton Smith
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "Borg received the EFF Pioneer Award from the Electronic Frontier Foundation and was recognized by the Girl Scouts of the USA, as well as listed on Open Computing Magazine's Top 100 Women in Computing."
}
] |
R06kopAa1k4loSGpE29X
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "She was charged with recommending strategies to the nation for increasing the breadth of participation fields for women."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Systers",
"text": "A dozen of the women at the conference made plans to eat lunch together, and that is where the idea for Systers was formed."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg was born Anita Borg Naffz in Chicago, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "Google established the Google Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship in 2004 to honor the work of Borg."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "In 1997, Borg founded the Institute for Women and Technology (now the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "In 2003, the Institute for Women and Technology was renamed to the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, in honor of Borg."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Institute for Women and Technology",
"text": "When founded, the Institute was housed at Xerox PARC, although it was an independent nonprofit organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing",
"text": "In 1994, Anita Borg and Telle Whitney founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "The UNSW School of Computer Science and Engineering offers the Anita Borg Prize, named in her honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anita Borg (January 17, 1949 – April 6, 2003) was an American computer scientist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "Borg received the EFF Pioneer Award from the Electronic Frontier Foundation and was recognized by the Girl Scouts of the USA, as well as listed on Open Computing Magazine's Top 100 Women in Computing."
}
] |
Anita Borg was lauded by an organized pyramid scheme of female children that are made to participate in capitalism from a young age.
| 1 | 2 |
Anita Borg
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Martin Francis O'Day (July 8, 1859 – July 2, 1935), nicknamed \"The Reverend\", was an American right-handed pitcher and later an umpire and manager in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
R06v6qLa1whvSCjR6VXd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "O'Day played minor league baseball with the Bay City club and the Toledo Blue Stockings of the Northwestern League in 1883, and he reached the major leagues when Toledo joined the American Association (AA) the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "With Toledo, he played alongside Fleet Walker, the first African American to play in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1890, O'Day jumped ship to the New York Giants of the newly established Players' League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "O'Day spent most of 1886 with the Savannah team in the Southern Association, and during his time there he was considered a favorite among other players."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Martin Francis O'Day (July 8, 1859 – July 2, 1935), nicknamed \"The Reverend\", was an American right-handed pitcher and later an umpire and manager in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He remains the only person ever to serve full seasons in the NL as a player, manager and umpire."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In addition to pitching, O'Day appeared in 23 games as a position player that season, primarily in left field; he also made appearances at the other outfield positions, as well as at first base and third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "On July 8, 1901, O'Day made a ruling in a game at St. Louis which proved pivotal in a 7–5 Brooklyn victory; the fans were so infuriated that they rushed the field after the game, and O'Day suffered a split lip before being rescued by players and police."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career",
"text": "After umpiring in 1913, he managed for another year, taking over the Chicago Cubs ballclub after player-manager Johnny Evers was traded despite a third-place finish by the Cubs the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career | Merkle's Boner",
"text": "During a mid-season game between Chicago and Pittsburgh, Cubs second baseman Johnny Evers tried to call O'Day's attention to the fact that a Pittsburgh player had not made it to second base on the game-winning play."
}
] |
Hank O'Day was an American football player for the Green Bay Packers.
| 2 | 6 |
Hank O'Day
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888) which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869."
}
] |
R0VZimKyTLBawb7jiNM6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The first volume of Little Women was published in 1868 by Roberts Brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Versions in the late 20th and 21st centuries combine both portions into one book, under the title Little Women, with the later-written portion marked as Part 2, as this Bantam Classic paperback edition, initially published in 1983 typifies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888) which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In the late 20th century, some scholars criticized the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Development history",
"text": "Alcott wrote, \"they are the best critics, so I should definitely be satisfied.\" She wrote Little Women \"in record time for money,\" but the book's immediate success surprised both her and her publisher."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Additional characters",
"text": "He develops a special, tender friendship with Beth, who reminds him of his late granddaughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In the 1980s, two anime series were made in Japan, Little Women in 1981 and Tales of Little Women in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "This is the unifying imaginative frame of Little Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "This split of the two volumes also shows at Goodreads, which refers to the books as the Little Women series, including Little Women, Good Wives, Little Men and Jo's Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The unresolved ending added to the popularity of Little Women."
}
] |
Little Women was published in the late 1860's.
| 2 | 3 |
Little Women
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War."
}
] |
R0max03jCpNYv8tJkyON
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "He helped pass his expertise of playing left-field in front of the Green Monster, to his successor on the Red Sox, Carl Yastrzemski."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Right before he left for Korea, the Red Sox had a \"Ted Williams Day\" in Fenway Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1941",
"text": "His OPS of 1.287 that year, a Red Sox record, was the highest in the major leagues between 1923 and 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Relationship with Boston media and fans",
"text": "In 1991 on Ted Williams Day at Fenway Park, Williams pulled a Red Sox cap from out of his jacket and tipped it to the crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Williams declined, and he suggested that Pinky Higgins, who had previously played on the 1946 Red Sox team as the third baseman, become the manager of the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1941",
"text": "Despite playing in only 143 games that year, Williams led the league with 135 runs scored and 37 home runs, and he finished third with 335 total bases, the most home runs, runs scored, and total bases by a Red Sox player since Jimmie Foxx's in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Ted choked and was only able to say,\"... ok kid... \" The Red Sox went on to win the game 5–3, thanks to a two-run home run by Williams in the seventh inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Relationship with Boston media and fans",
"text": "The bat slipped from his hands, was launched into the stands and struck a 60-year-old woman who turned out to be the housekeeper of the Red Sox general manager Joe Cronin."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Relationship with Boston media and fans",
"text": "The Red Sox played three more games, but they were on the road in New York City and Williams did not appear in any of them, as it became clear that Williams' final home at-bat would be the last one of his career."
}
] |
Ted Williams played nineteen years for the Red Sox
| 0 | 5 |
Ted Williams
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Bosley Crowther of The New York Times felt that the film's focus on the love story between Zhivago and Lara trivialized the events of the Russian Revolution and the resulting Russian Civil War, but was impressed by the film's visuals."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Upon its initial release, Doctor Zhivago was criticized for its romanticization of the revolution."
}
] |
R1H8Kg98h8cJoNwdxDul
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Whatever one thinks of the Russian Revolution it was certainly more than a series of consumer problems."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part one",
"text": "I years, the Russian Revolution of 1917, and the Russian Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Bosley Crowther of The New York Times felt that the film's focus on the love story between Zhivago and Lara trivialized the events of the Russian Revolution and the resulting Russian Civil War, but was impressed by the film's visuals."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Upon its initial release, Doctor Zhivago was criticized for its romanticization of the revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Boris Pasternak's sprawling, complex, elusive novel is held together by its unity of style, by the driving force of its narrative, by the passionate voice of a poet who weaves a mass of diverse characters into a single tapestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Omar Sharif in the title role as Yuri Zhivago, a married physician whose life is irreversibly altered by the Russian Revolution and subsequent Civil War, and Julie Christie as his married love interest Lara Antipova."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part one",
"text": "The film takes place mostly against a backdrop since the World War"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Variety declared, \"The sweep and scope of the Russian revolution, as reflected in the personalities of those who either adapted or were crushed, has been captured by David Lean in 'Doctor Zhivago,' frequently with soaring dramatic intensity."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Released theatrically on 22 December 1965, the film went on to gross $111.7 million in the United States and Canada across all of its releases and is the eighth highest-grossing film of all time adjusted for inflation."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Also critical of the film was The Guardian's Richard Roud, who wrote: \"In the film the revolution is reduced to a series of rather annoying occurrences; getting firewood, finding a seat on a train, and a lot of nasty proles being tiresome."
}
] |
When the film was released there was criticism on the movie's focusing on the romance between the eponymous character and his interest as it seemed to take away from the importance of the narrative about the Russian Revolution.
| 2 | 6 |
Doctor Zhivago (film)
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is also regarded as one of the greatest bunters of all time."
}
] |
R22t5F5Eca3b4tk5q5s2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1890 to 1905 for the New York Giants, Cleveland Spiders, St. Louis Perfectos / Cardinals, St. Louis Browns, and Boston Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is also regarded as one of the greatest bunters of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Move to St. Louis and later career",
"text": "In the offseason, owner Frank Robison bought the struggling St. Louis Cardinals and in March 1898, Burkett along with teammate Cy Young were moved from the Cleveland Spiders to the St. Louis Perfectos."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Move to St. Louis and later career",
"text": "Before the 1902 season, Burkett jumped to the St. Louis Browns of the American League and batted over .300 for the last time in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "Burkett made his major league debut for the New York Giants of the National League (NL) in 1890 as a pitcher and outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Move to St. Louis and later career",
"text": "In 1905, he was traded to the Boston Americans for George Stone; this meant he could be closer to his home in Worcester."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Move to St. Louis and later career",
"text": "He has the highest batting average (.378) and on-base percentage (.444) in St. Louis Cardinals history."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Move to St. Louis and later career",
"text": "By the end of 1898 the Cleveland Spiders were unable to afford to play in Cleveland and pay their highly paid players, and as a result played 35 of their last 38 games on the road."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Move to St. Louis and later career",
"text": "He had the second most career hits in baseball at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Move to St. Louis and later career",
"text": "The following year, the American League began to count foul balls as strikes, causing his batting average to fall below .300 on the season for the first time since 1892."
}
] |
Jesse Burkett played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1890 to 1905 for the New York Giants, Cleveland Spiders, St. Louis Perfectos / Cardinals, St. Louis Browns, and Boston Americans and is regarded as one of the greatest bunters of all time.
| 0 | 0 |
Jesse Burkett
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation."
}
] |
R2J9kZDXRVcJu2tBajRt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Public life | Constitutional Convention",
"text": "He is the only Founding Father who is a signatory of all four of the major documents of the founding of the United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Alliance with France, the Treaty of Paris and the United States Constitution."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "As a founding father of the United States, Franklin's name has been attached to many things."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": ", Franklin is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. January 6, 1706] – April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Ambassador to France: 1776–1785",
"text": "In December 1776, Franklin was dispatched to France as commissioner for the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Ambassador to France: 1776–1785",
"text": "The publication was critical of the Society of the Cincinnati, established in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Postmaster",
"text": "On July 26, 1775, the Second Continental Congress established the United States Post Office and named Benjamin Franklin as the first United States Postmaster General."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Most of the bones show signs of having been dissected, sawn or cut."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Early steps in Pennsylvania",
"text": "The College was to become influential in guiding the founding documents of the United States: in the Continental Congress, for example, over one-third of the college-affiliated men who contributed the Declaration of Independence between September 4, 1774, and July 4, 1776, was affiliated with the College."
}
] |
Benjamin Franklin was the ambassador to Germany from the United States and is the only founding father to have signed all four major documents for the country.
| 0 | 0 |
Benjamin Franklin
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All Indian religions assert it to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness as well as the liberation from or ending of samsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death."
}
] |
R2VLqnqbL6AQ32OtcPw3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All Indian religions assert it to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness as well as the liberation from or ending of samsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death."
},
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "It is what is called nirvāṇa, or freedom from pain, or perfection, which is in view of all; it is the safe, happy, and quiet place which the great sages reach."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Indian religions, nirvana is synonymous with moksha and mukti."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "Hinduism has the concept of Atman – the soul, self – asserted to exist in every living being, while Buddhism asserts through its anatman doctrine that there is no Atman in any being."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "It refers to the profound peace of mind that is acquired with moksha, liberation from samsara, or release from a state of suffering, after respective spiritual practice or sādhanā."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "In Buddhism, liberation is achieved when all things and beings are understood to be with no Self."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "It was later adopted by other Indian religions, but with different meanings and description (Moksha), such as in the Hindu text Bhagavad Gita of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "Moksha is derived from the root muc* (Sanskrit: मुच्) which means free, let go, release, liberate; Moksha means \"liberation, freedom, emancipation of the soul\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Brahma-nirvana in the Bhagavad Gita",
"text": "It is the state of release or liberation; the union with the Brahman."
}
] |
Indian religions assert Nirvana to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness as well as liberation from or ending samsara.
| 2 | 4 |
Nirvana
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He has a younger sister Lucinda, and had another brother named Garrett who died of sudden infant death syndrome in 1948."
}
] |
R2f9Oy8i7jUaM0VEeIK4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bridges and his siblings were raised in the Holmby Hills section of Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "In 1994, he starred as Lt. Jimmy Dove in the action film Blown Away, opposite Tommy Lee Jones and Forest Whitaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Other work | Photography",
"text": "He published many of these photographs online and published a book in 2003 entitled, Pictures: Photographs by Jeff Bridges."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Music",
"text": "He worked with producer T-Bone Burnett and released his second album, Jeff Bridges, on August 16, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "One of his better-known roles was in the 1982 science fiction film Tron, in which he played Kevin Flynn, a video game programmer (a role he reprised in late 2010 with the sequel Tron: Legacy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "Bridges is one of the youngest actors ever to be nominated for an Academy Award (1972, age 22, Best Supporting Actor, The Last Picture Show), and one of the oldest ever to win (winning the Best Actor in 2010 at age 60 for Crazy Heart)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He has a younger sister Lucinda, and had another brother named Garrett who died of sudden infant death syndrome in 1948."
}
] |
Jeff Bridges' youngest sibling passed away from SIDS in the late 1940s.
| 0 | 2 |
Jeff Bridges
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The film was well-received by critics."
}
] |
R2nmjfQ098VZIClMxzSk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "It holds an approval rating of 82% on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 61 reviews, with an average score of 7.28/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The site's consensus reads: \"No mere historical drama, Elizabeth is a rich, suspenseful journey into the heart of British Royal politics, and features a typically outstanding performance from Cate Blanchett.\" Metacritic reports a score of 75 out of 100 based on 30 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "In his entry for Elizabeth I in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Patrick Collinson described the film \"as if the known facts of the reign, plus many hitherto unknown, were shaken up like pieces of a jigsaw and scattered on the table at random.\" Carole Levin, reviewing the film in 1999 for Perspectives on History, criticized the movie for portraying Elizabeth as \"a very weak and flighty character who often showed terrible judgment\", in contrast to historical descriptions of her as a strong, decisive, and intelligent ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "It was only after this time that Elizabeth was finally able to return to Hatfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Elizabeth grants Lord Robert his life as a reminder to herself"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Cecil advises Elizabeth to marry, produce an heir, and secure her rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Elizabeth survives an assassination attempt, whose evidence implicates Mary of Guise."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Instead, Walsingham assassinates Guise, inciting French enmity against Elizabeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "At the end of the film, Elizabeth is shown as having decided permanently against marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Drawing inspiration from the divine, Elizabeth cuts her hair and models her appearance after the Virgin Mary."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The film was well-received by critics."
}
] |
Elizabeth got positive reviews.
| 0 | 0 |
Elizabeth (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fox also starred as Regan Lucas in the fifth and sixth seasons of the Fox sitcom New Girl (2016–2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–present: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and upcoming roles",
"text": "In October 2015, it was confirmed that Fox would be temporarily replacing Zooey Deschanel in the television show New Girl following Deschanel's maternity leave."
}
] |
R2ztnPyDyXHAz1bZ8buQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "\"In 2009, Fox's public image came under scrutiny when an unsigned letter from three crew members of Transformers defended director Michael Bay against accusations made by Fox about his on-set behavior, including a comparison with Adolf Hitler."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "I've had only one great girlfriend my whole life."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | Status and persona",
"text": "People named her one of 2012's and 2017's Most Beautiful at Every Age."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This was followed by numerous supporting roles in film and television, as well as a starring role in the ABC sitcom Hope & Faith (2004–2006)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and breakthrough with Transformers",
"text": "Fox was also cast in a regular role on the ABC sitcom Hope & Faith, in which she portrayed Sydney Shanowski, replacing Nicole Paggi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fox also starred as Regan Lucas in the fifth and sixth seasons of the Fox sitcom New Girl (2016–2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–present: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and upcoming roles",
"text": "In October 2015, it was confirmed that Fox would be temporarily replacing Zooey Deschanel in the television show New Girl following Deschanel's maternity leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–present: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and upcoming roles",
"text": "This Is 40. She was the voice of Lois Lane in the film Robot Chicken DC Comics Special, an episode of the television comedy series Robot Chicken, and it aired as a one-off special during Cartoon Network's Adult Swim on September 9, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2009: Early career and breakthrough with Transformers",
"text": "Fox appeared in seasons 2 to 3, until the show was cancelled by ABC in May 2006.In 2007, Fox won the lead female role of Mikaela Banes in the 2007 live-action film Transformers, based on the toy and cartoon saga of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–present: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and upcoming roles",
"text": "In February 2013, Fox set aside her differences with her former director Michael Bay and worked again with him on his reboot of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2014).In 2015, Fox was cast in the role of Amelia Delthanis in the Plarium video game, Stormfall: Rise of Balur."
}
] |
Megan Fox starred as a supporting cast member in a hit television show on Fox for three seasons because one of the cast members had a baby.
| 4 | 8 |
Megan Fox
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy",
"text": "The two Jewish characters, the moneylender Isaac of York and his beautiful daughter Rebecca, feature as main characters; the book was written and published during a period of increasing advancement and awareness for the emancipation of the Jews in England, and their position in society is well documented."
}
] |
R3PhrubbNLFMIvgcGuc8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Two",
"text": "Ch. 1 (15): De Bracy (disguised as a forester) tells Fitzurse of his plan to capture Rowena and then 'rescue' her in his own person."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Opening",
"text": "Also returning from the Holy Land that same night, Isaac of York, a Jewish moneylender, seeks refuge at Rotherwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy",
"text": "The two Jewish characters, the moneylender Isaac of York and his beautiful daughter Rebecca, feature as main characters; the book was written and published during a period of increasing advancement and awareness for the emancipation of the Jews in England, and their position in society is well documented."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Historical accuracy",
"text": "\"Rebecca may be based on Rebecca Gratz, a Philadelphia teacher and philanthropist and the first Jewish female college student in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Two",
"text": "Ch. 6 (20): Locksley sends two of his men to watch De Bracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Two",
"text": "who is herself only attracted by Ivanhoe."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Two",
"text": "Ch. Ch. 14 (28): (Retrospective chapter detailing Rebecca's care for Ivanhoe from the tournament to the assault on Torquilstone.) Ch. 15 (29) : Rebecca describes the assault on Torquilstone to the wounded Ivanhoe, disagreeing with his exalted view of chivalry."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to real history and geography | Lasting influence on the Robin Hood legend",
"text": "The characters in Ivanhoe refer to Prince John and King Richard I as \"Normans\"; contemporary medieval documents from this period do not refer to either of these two rulers as Normans."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Two",
"text": "Ch. 5 (19): Rowena persuades Cedric to escort Isaac and Rebecca, who have been abandoned (along with a sick man [Ivanhoe] in their care) by their hired protectors."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summary | Volume Two",
"text": "Ch. 4 (18): (Retrospect: Before going to the banquet Cedric learned that Ivanhoe had been removed by unknown carers; Gurth was recognised and captured by Cedric's cupbearer Oswald.) Cedric finds Athelstane unresponsive to his attempts to interest him in Rowena,"
}
] |
Ivanhoe has two Jewish persons.
| 0 | 1 |
Ivanhoe
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has also been named at #7 in the Forbes' Billionaires 2020 list."
}
] |
R4qDVy7j5i5ZOSkmTldL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mark Elliot Zuckerberg (; born May 14, 1984) is an American media magnate, internet entrepreneur, and philanthropist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has also been named at #7 in the Forbes' Billionaires 2020 list."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is known for co-founding Facebook, Inc. and serves as its chairman, chief executive officer, and controlling shareholder."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Facebook",
"text": "Alongside other American technology figures like Jeff Bezos and Tim Cook, Zuckerberg hosted visiting Chinese politician Lu Wei, known as the \"Internet czar\" for his influence in the enforcement of China's online policy, at Facebook's headquarters on December 8, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2019, he is the only person under 50 in the Forbes ten richest people list, and the only one under 40 in the Top 20 Billionaires list."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Facebook",
"text": "\"Vanity Fair magazine named Zuckerberg number 1 on its 2010 list of the Top 100 \"most influential people of the Information Age\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of July 14th, 2020, Zuckerberg’s net worth was estimated at $88.2 billion and he is listed by Forbes as the 4th-richest person in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy and Chan Zuckerberg Initiative",
"text": "The Chronicle of Philanthropy placed Zuckerberg and his wife at the top of the magazine's annual list of 50 most generous Americans for 2013, having donated roughly $1 billion to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Depictions in media | Other depictions",
"text": "In the episode, Lisa Simpson and her friend Nelson encounter Zuckerberg at an entrepreneurs' convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Depictions in media | The Social Network",
"text": "She was wrong. You turned out to be a great entrepreneur, a visionary, and an incredible altruist."
}
] |
Mark Zuckerberg is an American media magnate, internet entrepreneur, and philanthropist known for co-founding Facebook, Inc., and has been named at #2 in the Forbes' Billionaires 2020 list.
| 0 | 0 |
Mark Zuckerberg
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Despite his short stature, with the help of his father, he distinguished himself as a baseball player at a young age, even playing with his father on their St. Thomas team."
}
] |
R58BTpZ3GoQKYpeN37CW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor leagues",
"text": "He came back with Lancaster in 1945 and was known as the best second baseman in the league."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "He co-owned and managed Nellie Fox Bowl in Chambersburg after retiring from baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "If you had eight Nellie Foxes, all with his spirit and determination, I think you'd have a winning team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Later seasons",
"text": "Morgan grew up hitting with a Nellie Fox model bat, which had a large barrel and large handle."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Prior to his Hall of Fame election, a group of fans formed the Nellie Fox Society to promote his case for induction."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Coaching seasons",
"text": "However, around the same time the Washington Redskins named Vince Lombardi as their football coach, so Short felt pressure to hire a manager with a very well-known name and selected Ted Williams for the position."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jim Lemon, who played for the White Sox with Fox in 1963, said that Fox's cancer \"had to be incurable – because if it wasn't, Nellie would have beat it.\" Former White Sox manager Al López described how Fox had found success through hard work rather than natural ability: \"He wasn't fast and didn't have an arm, but he worked hard to develop what he needed to make himself a good all-around ballplayer."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "Fox was diagnosed with skin cancer in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Fox caught the attention of Mack who signed him to a professional contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues | Defensive skills",
"text": "Fox was one of the best second basemen in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Despite his short stature, with the help of his father, he distinguished himself as a baseball player at a young age, even playing with his father on their St. Thomas team."
}
] |
Nellie Fox was known for his long, lean physique.
| 2 | 4 |
Nellie Fox
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot follows William Legrand, who was bitten by a gold-colored bug."
}
] |
R5EOJewVAYq7D6whJpIa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The actual \"gold-bug\" in the story is not a real insect."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "One character learns that the main characters are searching for treasure, and he asks them if they have been reading Edgar Allan Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Gold-Bug\" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in 1843."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "newspapers made \"The Gold-Bug\" Poe's most widely read short story during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "O. Henry alludes to the stature of \"The Gold-Bug\" within the buried-treasure genre in his short story \"Supply and Demand\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Poe's friend Thomas Holley Chivers said that \"The Gold-Bug\" ushered in \"the Golden Age of Poe's Literary Life\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Though the story is often included amongst the short list of detective stories by Poe, \"The Gold-Bug\" is not technically detective fiction because Legrand withholds the evidence until after the solution is given."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "The Gold Bug Variations is derived from \"The Gold-Bug\" and from Bach's composition Goldberg Variations, and the novel incorporates part of the short story's plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "\"The Gold-Bug\" is praised by Red Reddington, the central character of the NBC show"
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Instead, Poe combined characteristics of two insects found in the area where the story takes place."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The plot follows William Legrand, who was bitten by a gold-colored bug."
}
] |
The Gold Bug is a short story where the main character get bite by golden insect.
| 0 | 0 |
The Gold Bug
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Daniel Boone was born there, November 2, 1734, the sixth of eleven children."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he also became a businessman, soldier and politician who represented three different counties in the Virginia General Assembly following the American Revolutionary War, Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now Kentucky."
}
] |
R5LbxhQkwxigH9Oz75e6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina | Marriage and family",
"text": "A tree in present Washington County, Tennessee reads \"D. Boon Cilled a. Bar on tree in the year 1760\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Kentucky",
"text": "Jr. Boone's first steps in Kentucky were near present-day Elkhorn City."
},
{
"section_header": "Kentucky",
"text": "Following Dunmore's War, Richard Henderson, a prominent judge from North Carolina, hired Boone to travel to the Cherokee towns in present North Carolina and Tennessee and inform them of an upcoming meeting."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The graves, which were unmarked until the mid-1830s, were near Jemima (Boone) Callaway's home on Tuque Creek, about two miles (3 km) from the present-day Marthasville, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Emergence as a legend",
"text": "Boone emerged as a legend in large part because of land speculator John Filson's \"The Adventures of Colonel Daniel Boon\", part of his book The Discovery, Settlement and present State of Kentucke."
},
{
"section_header": "Businessman and politician from the Ohio River valley",
"text": "On his 50th birthday (in 1784), settler and historian John Filson published The Discovery, Settlement and Present State of Kentucke, a book which included a chronicle of Boone's adventures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although he also became a businessman, soldier and politician who represented three different counties in the Virginia General Assembly following the American Revolutionary War, Boone is most famous for his exploration and settlement of what is now Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In Boone's youth, his family became a source of controversy in the local Quaker community when two of the oldest children married outside the endogamous community, in present-day Lower Gwynedd Township, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "The British released Boone on parole several days later."
},
{
"section_header": "Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina | Marriage and family",
"text": "His son, Nathan Boone, was the first British-American colonist known to be born in Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Daniel Boone was born there, November 2, 1734, the sixth of eleven children."
}
] |
Boone is most known for his exploration and settlement of present day Tennessee.
| 0 | 0 |
Daniel Boone
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Party official | Donbas years",
"text": "The two lived together as husband and wife for the rest of Khrushchev's life, though they never registered their marriage."
}
] |
R5ersclUTLsHROoXwObx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "World War II | War against Germany",
"text": "Leonid's daughter, Yulia, was raised by Nikita Khrushchev and his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Kaganovich protégé",
"text": "In 1928, Khrushchev was transferred to Kiev, where he served as second-in-command of the Party organization there."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "In 1914, he married Yefrosinia Pisareva, daughter of the lift operator at the Rutchenkovo mine."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Foreign and defense policies | United States and allies | U-2 and Berlin crisis (1960–1961)",
"text": "Khrushchev made his second and final visit to the United States in September 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Khrushchev era provided this second generation of reformers with both an inspiration and a cautionary tale."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | War against Germany",
"text": "As the Germans advanced, Khrushchev worked with the military in an attempt to defend and save Kiev."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Nikita worked as a herdsboy from an early age."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Foreign and defense policies | Cuban Missile Crisis and the test ban treaty (1962–1964)",
"text": "Plans for a second Khrushchev-Kennedy summit were dashed by the U.S. President's assassination in November 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | War against Germany",
"text": "When Nazi Germany invaded the USSR, in June 1941, Khrushchev was still at his post in Kiev."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Kaganovich protégé",
"text": "Khrushchev attributed his rapid rise to his acquaintance with fellow Academy student Nadezhda Alliluyeva, Stalin's wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Donbas years",
"text": "The two lived together as husband and wife for the rest of Khrushchev's life, though they never registered their marriage."
}
] |
Nikita Khrushchev married his second wife in Kiev.
| 0 | 0 |
Nikita Khrushchev
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During a 21-year baseball career, he played for four different teams as a center and right fielder, spending most of his career with the Montreal Expos (1976–1986) and Chicago Cubs (1987–1992)."
}
] |
R6FoGASQzvHLb6tPLiuB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Dawson played five more seasons with the Cubs, and was one of the franchise's most popular players during that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Dawson campaigned for the Cubs to sign him during the off-season, but general manager Dallas Green resisted, insisting that the Cubs would start Brian Dayett in right field (Dawson had moved from center field to right field in his final two seasons as an Expo, due to the condition of his knees), and that one player could not make a 71–91 team a 91–71 team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During a 21-year baseball career, he played for four different teams as a center and right fielder, spending most of his career with the Montreal Expos (1976–1986) and Chicago Cubs (1987–1992)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "While Dawson played only six years with the Cubs, five of his eight All-Star appearances were as a Cub, and his only MVP award came in his first year with the team in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Accomplishments",
"text": "Dawson is also one of only five members of the 400 HR-300 SB club, along with Barry Bonds, Willie Mays, Alex Rodriguez, and Carlos Beltrán."
},
{
"section_header": "Nickname",
"text": "Andre used to work out with a men's team that would hit him ground balls at practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Dawson's .507 career slugging percentage with the Cubs is fourth highest in team history."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "As of 2019, Dawson, Willie McCovey, Jeff King, Alex Rodriguez, and Edwin Encarnacion are the only five players who had hit two home runs in one inning twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Nonetheless, Dawson wasn't able to turn around the Cubs' fortunes: although the team held first place for nearly half of May and remained in contention through July, the Cubs finished the 1987 season 76–85, last in the National League East."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Dawson was the first player to ever win a league MVP trophy from a last place team."
}
] |
Andre Dawson was on five different teams including the Chicago Cubs and the Philadelphia Phillies.
| 2 | 5 |
Andre Dawson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Bresnahan was also the first catcher to wear a padded facemask while catching."
}
] |
R70AzkadQYRGokRYkNuX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Fans, used to seeing catchers play without protective equipment, threw snowballs on the field, and without police at the game, umpire Bill Klem called off the game, with the Giants forfeiting to the Philadelphia Phillies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Though Negro league catcher Chappie Johnson wore protective gear and Nig Clarke wore similar gear in MLB in 1905, most catchers did not wear any protective equipment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bresnahan popularized the use of protective equipment in baseball by introducing shin guards, to be worn by catchers, in 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | St. Louis Cardinals (1909–1912)",
"text": "The Cardinals helped remove bodies and rescue the injured."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Bresnahan was also the first catcher to wear a padded facemask while catching."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Bresnahan was hospitalized for ten days, during which time he developed schematics for a plastic batting helmet, though this piece of equipment did not become commonplace until the 1940s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "Though Pittsburgh Pirates manager Fred Clarke protested Bresnahan's gear to the league, the protest was denied and the equipment was approved."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roger Philip Bresnahan (June 11, 1879 – December 4, 1944), nicknamed \"The Duke of Tralee\", was an American player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "However, other catchers began to adopt Bresnahan's idea."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Giants (1902–1908)",
"text": "With Frank Bowerman and Jack Warner established as the Giants' catchers, McGraw played Bresnahan as the center fielder for the Giants."
}
] |
Roger Bresnahan shunned the new equipment for catchers of a barrier in front of the face as it got in the way of being able to see the pitcher's body language.
| 0 | 1 |
Roger Bresnahan
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was a child prodigy, trained by her father."
}
] |
R7nomlb9SMvLd5JA37ub
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Compositions",
"text": "Most of Clara Schumann's music was never played by anyone else and largely forgotten until a resurgence of interest in the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"War of the Romantics\"",
"text": "One of Clara Schumann's difficulties with Liszt stemmed from a philosophical difference in performance practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Compositions",
"text": "As part of the broad musical education given to her by her father, Clara Wieck learned to compose, and from childhood to middle age she produced a good body of work."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Joseph Joachim",
"text": "A year later Clara Schumann wrote in her diary that in a concert on 11 November 1845, \"little Joachim was very much liked."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Compositions",
"text": "\"I once believed that I possessed creative talent, but I have given up this idea; a woman must not desire to compose – there has never yet been one able to do it."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life | Family",
"text": "Clara's parents had irreconcilable differences, in part due to her father's unyielding nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life | Child prodigy",
"text": "From September 1831 to April 1832, Clara toured Paris and other European cities, accompanied by her father."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "Their oldest child Marie was of great support and help to her mother, taking the position of household cook."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life | Family",
"text": "Five-year-old Clara remained with her father while Mariane and Bargiel eventually moved to Berlin, limiting contact between Clara and her mother to written letters and occasional visits."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Performance repertoire",
"text": "On 4 December 1845, she premiered Robert Schumann's Piano Concerto in Dresden."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was a child prodigy, trained by her father."
}
] |
Clara Schumann's father supported her natural musical talent that she most likely got from him.
| 3 | 7 |
Clara Schumann
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "The brief satirical novel Xiyoubu (西游补, \"A Supplement to the Journey to the West\", c. 1640) follows Sun Wukong as he is trapped in a magical dream world created by the Qing Fish Demon, the embodiment of desire (情, qing)."
}
] |
R831zF32Zp7VhhbC13uk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Anthony C. Yu states that the identity of the author, as with so many other major works of Chinese fiction, \"remains unclear\" but that Wu remains \"the most likely\" author."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Journey to the West was thought to have been written and published anonymously by Wu Cheng'en in the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters | Sun Wukong or Monkey King",
"text": "He is later set free when Tang Sanzang comes upon him during his pilgrimage and accepts him as a disciple."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters | Zhu Bajie or Pigsy",
"text": "He is the second strongest member of the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "There are impassably wide rivers, flaming mountains, a kingdom with an all-female population, a lair of seductive spider spirits, and many other scenarios."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Chapters 23–86 take place in the wilderness, and consist of 24 episodes of varying length, each characterised by a different magical monster or evil magician."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable English-language translations",
"text": "Journey to the West (1982–1984), a complete translation in four volumes by William John Francis Jenner."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "The author, Dong Yue (董說), wrote the book because he wanted to create an opponent—in this case desire—that Sun could not defeat with his great strength and martial skill."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters | Sun Wukong or Monkey King",
"text": "After completion of the journey is granted the title of Victorious Fighting Buddha (Chinese: 斗战胜佛; pinyin: dòu zhànshèng fú）and ascends to buddhahood."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "A second season was produced in the late 1990s covering portions of the original work that the first season skipped over."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequels",
"text": "The brief satirical novel Xiyoubu (西游补, \"A Supplement to the Journey to the West\", c. 1640) follows Sun Wukong as he is trapped in a magical dream world created by the Qing Fish Demon, the embodiment of desire (情, qing)."
}
] |
There is a second novel that is widely accepted and completely serious, though it's written by a different author.
| 2 | 7 |
Journey to the West
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He ended the Napoleonic Wars when he defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a colonel by 1796 and saw action in the Netherlands and in India, where he fought in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at the Battle of Seringapatam."
}
] |
R8GPZmN79lJmhqB81Ywv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military career | Waterloo campaign | Controversy",
"text": "It attracted the attention of Wellington's staff, who prompted the Duke to write his only published essay on the campaign (other than his immediate, official after-action report, \"The Waterloo Dispatch\"), his 1842 \"Memorandum on the Battle of Waterloo\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the Hundred Days in 1815, he commanded the allied army which, together with a Prussian Army under Blücher, defeated Napoleon at Waterloo."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Waterloo campaign | Battle",
"text": "After the victory, the Duke supported proposals that a medal be awarded to all British soldiers who participated in the Waterloo campaign, and on 28 June 1815 he wrote to the Duke of York suggesting: ... the expediency of giving to the non commissioned officers and soldiers engaged in the Battle of Waterloo a medal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as Prime Minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He ended the Napoleonic Wars when he defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Waterloo campaign | Battle",
"text": "One, consisting of two battalions of Grenadiers, defeated the Coalition's first line and marched on."
},
{
"section_header": "Nicknames | The Iron Duke",
"text": "The term may have been made increasingly popular by Punch cartoons published in 1844–45.Wellington had various other nicknames: In the popular ballads of the day Wellington was called \"Nosey\" or \"Old Nosey\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a colonel by 1796 and saw action in the Netherlands and in India, where he fought in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War at the Battle of Seringapatam."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Waterloo campaign | Controversy",
"text": "These and other such issues concerning Blücher's, Wellington's, and Napoleon's decisions during the campaign were the subject of a major strategic-level study by the famous Prussian political-military theorist Carl von Clausewitz, Feldzug von 1815: Strategische Uebersicht des Feldzugs von 1815, English title: The Campaign of 1815: Strategic Overview of the Campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Waterloo campaign",
"text": "The French invaded the Netherlands, with Napoleon defeating the Prussians at Ligny, and Marshal Ney engaging indecisively with Wellington, at the Battle of Quatre Bras."
}
] |
During the Hundred Days in 1815, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo and saw action in Romania and in Norway while publishing an essay on the campaigns
| 0 | 0 |
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in southern England, around Hampshire, the story features a small group of rabbits."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and publication history",
"text": "The title refers to the rabbits' destination, Watership Down, a hill in the north of Hampshire, England, near the area where Adams grew up."
}
] |
R8jEw95j4F4YaKI2D0AN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Role-playing game",
"text": "Watership Down inspired the creation of Bunnies & Burrows, a role-playing game in which the main characters are talking rabbits, published in 1976 by Fantasy Games Unlimited."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Religious symbolism",
"text": "He said the rabbits in Watership Down did not worship; however, \"they believed passionately in El-ahrairah.\" Adams explained that he meant the book to be \"only a made-up story ... in no sense an allegory or parable or any kind of political myth."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Criticism of gender roles",
"text": "Adams' 1996 sequel, Tales from Watership Down includes stories where the female rabbits play a more prominent role in the Watership Down warren."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The Mouse: Never named, the mouse is a resident of Watership Down before the arrival of the rabbits."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adams completed a sequel almost 25 years later, in 1996, Tales from Watership Down, constructed as a collection of 19 short stories about El-ahrairah and the rabbits of the Watership Down warren."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Criticism of gender roles",
"text": "passive baby-factories\". In the New York Times Book Review essay \"Male Chauvinist Rabbits\", Selma G. Lanes alleges that the does are only \"instruments of reproduction\" to prevent the achievement of reaching Watership Down from \"becoming a hollow victory\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Strawberry: Buck from Cowslip's warren who leaves with the Watership Down rabbits after his doe is killed by a snare."
},
{
"section_header": "Parodies",
"text": "Watership Down can be Ireland after the famine, Rwanda after the massacres.\" Kadish has praised both the fantasy genre and Watership Down for its \"motifs [that] hit home in every culture ... all passersby are welcome to bring their own subplots and plug into the archetype.\" In the American stop motion TV show Robot Chicken, a parody of the book is done with the Fraggles, the main characters of the 80s show Fraggle Rock, in place of the rabbits."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and publication history",
"text": "The title refers to the rabbits' destination, Watership Down, a hill in the north of Hampshire, England, near the area where Adams grew up."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Watership Down was Richard Adams' debut novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in southern England, around Hampshire, the story features a small group of rabbits."
}
] |
Can you imagine that the book Watership Down is talking about rabbits.
| 0 | 1 |
Watership Down
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joshua Gibson (c. December 21, 1911 – January 20, 1947) was an American Negro league baseball catcher."
}
] |
R8t9baCkx9QfbD1vgDAR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baseball historians consider Gibson to be among the very best power hitters and catchers in the history of any league, including Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1972, he became the second Negro league player to be inducted in the National Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"In 1972, Gibson and Buck Leonard became the second and third players, behind Satchel Paige, inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame based on their careers in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joshua Gibson (c. December 21, 1911 – January 20, 1947) was an American Negro league baseball catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Even though Jackie Robinson became the first black player in modern major league history in April 1947, Larry Doby, who broke the American League color barrier that July, felt that Gibson was the best black player in 1945, and 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics | Negro leagues",
"text": "The first official statistics for the Negro leagues were compiled as part of a statistical study sponsored by the National Baseball Hall of Fame and supervised by Larry Lester and Dick Clark, in which a research team collected statistics from thousands of boxscores of league-sanctioned games."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "His lifetime batting average is said to be higher than .350, with other sources putting it as high as .384, the best in Negro league history."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Statistics",
"text": "Holway lists him as being second to Mule Suttles in homers, though the all-time leader in HR/AB by a considerable margin – with a homer every 10.6 AB to one every 13.6 for runner-up Suttles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics | Negro leagues",
"text": "According to the Macmillan Baseball Encyclopedia, Josh Gibson's Negro official league stats were as follows: Total years played: 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics | Negro leagues",
"text": "The first results from this study were the statistics for Negro league Hall of Famers elected prior to 2006, which were published in Shades of Glory by Lawrence D. Hogan."
}
] |
Josh Gibson was an American Negro league baseball catcher and was considered to be among the very best power pitchers and catchers in the history of any league, even going on to becoming the second Negro league player to be inducted in the National Baseball Hall of Fame.
| 0 | 0 |
Josh Gibson
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Boyhood and early career (1866–1893)",
"text": "As \"Kenny\", as he was sometimes known, grew, he did an increasing share of the farm work, later stating, \"I did my share—and it was a substantial share—in taking care of the 13 acres ... I do not remember that I particularly liked to get up at 3:30 in the morning.\" Kenesaw began his off-farm career at age ten as a news delivery boy."
}
] |
RABVYBvmHaIH9fkqJrLm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Washington years and aftermath (1893–1905)",
"text": "Kenesaw Landis had appeared before Judge Gresham in court."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Boyhood and early career (1866–1893)",
"text": "Kenesaw Mountain Landis was born in Millville, Ohio, the sixth child and fourth son of Abraham Hoch Landis, a physician, and Mary Kumler Landis, on November 20, 1866."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Boyhood and early career (1866–1893)",
"text": "Abraham Landis had been wounded fighting on the Union side at the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain in Georgia, and when his parents proved unable to agree on a name for the new baby, Mary Landis proposed that they call him Kenesaw Mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Boyhood and early career (1866–1893)",
"text": "At the time, both spellings of \"Kenesaw\" were used, but in the course of time, \"Kennesaw Mountain\" became the accepted spelling of the battle site."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Boyhood and early career (1866–1893)",
"text": "When Kenesaw was eight, the elder Landis moved his family to Delphi, Indiana and subsequently to Logansport, Indiana where the doctor purchased and ran several local farms—his war injury had caused him to scale back his medical practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Washington years and aftermath (1893–1905)",
"text": "two surviving children, a boy, Reed, and a girl, Susanne—a third child, Winifred, died almost immediately after being born."
},
{
"section_header": "Judge (1905–1922) | Wartime cases (1917–1919)",
"text": "It is purely democratic. In early 1917, Landis considered leaving the bench and returning to private practice—though he greatly enjoyed being a judge, the salary of $7,500 was considerably lower than what he could make as an attorney."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and pre-judicial career (1866–1905) | Boyhood and early career (1866–1893)",
"text": "As \"Kenny\", as he was sometimes known, grew, he did an increasing share of the farm work, later stating, \"I did my share—and it was a substantial share—in taking care of the 13 acres ... I do not remember that I particularly liked to get up at 3:30 in the morning.\" Kenesaw began his off-farm career at age ten as a news delivery boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Judge (1905–1922)",
"text": "According to a 1907 magazine article about Landis, \"Corporations smiled pleasantly at the thought of a corporation lawyer being on the bench."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner (1920–1944) | Policies as commissioner | Major-minor league relations; development of the farm system",
"text": "After the 1930 season, minor leaguer Fred Bennett, convinced he was being covered up by the Browns, petitioned Landis for his release."
}
] |
Kenesaw Landis was not fond of being an early riser when he was a farmer.
| 1 | 3 |
Kenesaw Landis
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On Kyle's third tour, Mustafa seriously injures a unit member, Ryan \"Biggles\" Job, and the unit is evacuated back to base."
}
] |
RAfrXNOO68iddXSqfKV5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the midst of the gunfight, and low on ammunition, Kyle tearfully calls Taya and tells her he is ready to come home."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Spielberg had read Kyle's book, though he desired to have a more psychological conflict present in the screenplay so an \"enemy sniper\" character could serve as the insurgent sharpshooter who was trying to track down and kill Kyle."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Historical accuracy",
"text": "The enemy sniper Mustafa is a major character in the film but receives only a small mention in the memoir; Kyle noted: \"I never saw him, but other snipers later killed an Iraqi sniper we think was him.\" According to the memoir, Kyle's 2100-yard shot was taken against an insurgent holding a rocket launcher, not Mustafa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is loosely based on the memoir American Sniper: The Autobiography of the Most Lethal Sniper in U.S. Military History (2012) by Chris Kyle, with Scott McEwen and Jim DeFelice."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "American Sniper nobly presents the case for the other side.\"Peter"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Historical accuracy",
"text": "The character \"the Butcher\" was created for the film, although this character may have been based on the real-life Abu Deraa and Ahmad Hashim Abd al-Isawi."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": ", American Sniper delivers a tense, vivid tribute to its real-life subject."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "Gimme the doll, kid.'\" American Sniper was listed on many critics' top ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Responding to critics, Eastwood said that American Sniper shows \"what [war] does to the people left behind\", and that presenting \"the fact of what [war] does to the family and the people who have to go back into civilian life like Chris Kyle did\" is the \"biggest antiwar statement any film\" can make."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On Kyle's third tour, Mustafa seriously injures a unit member, Ryan \"Biggles\" Job, and the unit is evacuated back to base."
}
] |
In American Sniper, main character Kyle has a comrade called "Biggles".
| 2 | 6 |
American Sniper
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona, and Seohyun."
}
] |
RArpVZNihXCrJSCcX003
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Girls' Generation consistently ranked in the top five of Gallup Korea's \"Artist of the Year\" poll from 2007 to 2016, topping the list three times (2009, 2010, 2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "Billboard ranked Girls' Generation at number one on their \"Top 10 K-pop Girl Groups of the Past Decade\" list, published in 2019.In October 2017, SM Entertainment announced that members Tiffany, Sooyoung and Seohyun decided not to renew their contracts with the company to focus on their acting or solo music careers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "The group's first world tour, Girls' Generation World Tour Girls & Peace, spanned from June 2013 to February 2014 and consisted of ten concerts in seven Asian countries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "Girls' Generation continued to promote as an eight-member group thereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Endorsements",
"text": "They also collaborated with Korean shopping mall 10 Corso Como Seoul to create their own perfume brand \"Girl\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Endorsements",
"text": "In 2011 and 2012, the members of Girls' Generation combined were the South Korean celebrities who shot the most number of commercials."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–present: Lion Heart, Holiday Night, and hiatus",
"text": "It was recorded in both Korean and Japanese; the Korean version was released worldwide on April 10, while the Japanese version was released on April 22, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2010: Breakthrough and Japanese debut",
"text": "Amidst their Japanese activities, they also participated in the SMTown Live '10 World Tour alongside their labelmates, which started on August 21 at Seoul Jamsil Olympic Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012–2014: I Got a Boy, worldwide recognition, and Jessica's departure",
"text": "SM Entertainment confirmed this and stated that Jessica was no longer a member of Girls' Generation due to conflicts between her and the group's schedules."
},
{
"section_header": "Subgroup and solo endeavors",
"text": "In August 2018, SM Entertainment formed the second subgroup of Girls' Generation named Girls' Generation-Oh!GG, composed of five members: Sunny, Taeyeon, Yoona, Yuri and Hyoyeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group is composed of eight members: Taeyeon, Sunny, Tiffany, Hyoyeon, Yuri, Sooyoung, Yoona, and Seohyun."
}
] |
Girls' Generation consist of 2 members less than 10.
| 0 | 0 |
Girls' Generation
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The novel's original French title, Notre-Dame de Paris, refers to Notre Dame Cathedral, on which the story is centered."
}
] |
RBb0ysuVVOfAqU4R9ZTJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references | Allusions to actual history, geography and current science",
"text": "In The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, Victor Hugo makes frequent reference to the architecture of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The novel's original French title, Notre-Dame de Paris, refers to Notre Dame Cathedral, on which the story is centered."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "Frederic Shoberl's 1833 English translation was published as The Hunchback of Notre Dame (which became the generally used title in English), which refers to Quasimodo, Notre Dame's bellringer."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1966 miniseries"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1977 miniseries"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris, lit. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references | Allusions to actual history, geography and current science",
"text": "He also mentions the invention of the printing press, when the bookmaker near the beginning of the work speaks of \"the German pest.\" In 2010, British archivist Adrian Glew discovered references to a real-life hunchback who was a foreman of a government sculpting studio in Paris in the 1820s who worked on post-Revolution restorations to the cathedral."
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame, a 1911 silent film"
},
{
"section_header": "Drama adaptations | Music",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre Dame soundtrack for the 1996 Disney film"
},
{
"section_header": "Translation history",
"text": "The Hunchback of Notre-Dame has been translated into English many times."
}
] |
The Hunchback of Notre Dame refers to a cathedral.
| 0 | 1 |
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Venice (; Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] (listen); Venetian: Venesia or Venexia [veˈnɛsja]) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region."
}
] |
RC8m1Il4AItzEtjgt2kI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Modern age",
"text": "Venice was taken from Austria by the Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 and became part of Napoleon's Kingdom of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "This part of Roman Italy was again overrun in the early 5th century by the Visigoths"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern age",
"text": "In 1866, after the Third Italian War of Independence, Venice, along with the rest of the Veneto, became part of the newly created Kingdom of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Glass",
"text": "Toward the end of that century, the center of the Venetian glass industry moved to Murano, an offshore island in Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "Unlike most other places in Western Europe, and the world, Venice has become widely known for its element of elegant decay."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "The city of Venice in Italy has played an important role in the development of the music of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Festivals",
"text": "It is one of the world's most prestigious film festivals and is part of the Venice Biennale."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the Napoleonic Wars and the Congress of Vienna, the Republic was annexed by the Austrian Empire, until it became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1866, following a referendum held as a result of the Third Italian War of Independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Venice's location at the head of the Adriatic, and directly south of the terminus of the Brenner Pass over the Alps, would have given it a distinct advantage as a middleman in this important trade."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Venice (; Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] (listen); Venetian: Venesia or Venexia [veˈnɛsja]) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region."
}
] |
Venice lies towards the south western part of Italy.
| 0 | 0 |
Venice
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This can be narrow, meaning a virus is capable of infecting few species, or broad, meaning it is capable of infecting many."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Viral infections in animals provoke an immune response that usually eliminates the infecting virus."
}
] |
RCbSvECKgl5xq7xjdcaR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Animal viruses",
"text": "Companion animals such as cats, dogs, and horses, if not vaccinated, are susceptible to serious viral infections."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Animal viruses",
"text": "Like all invertebrates, the honey bee is susceptible to many viral infections."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genome",
"text": "Plant viruses tend to have single-stranded RNA genomes and bacteriophages tend to have double-stranded DNA genomes."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Vaccines",
"text": "Their use has resulted in a dramatic decline in morbidity (illness) and mortality (death) associated with viral infections such as polio, measles, mumps and rubella."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Cancer",
"text": "Viral cancers occur only in a minority of infected persons (or animals)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Viral infections in animals provoke an immune response that usually eliminates the infecting virus."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Vaccines",
"text": "Vaccines are available to prevent over thirteen viral infections of humans, and more are used to prevent viral infections of animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Epidemiology",
"text": "Most viral infections of humans and other animals have incubation periods during which the infection causes no signs or symptoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Host range",
"text": "The viruses that infect plants are harmless to animals, and most viruses that infect other animals are harmless to humans."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Plant viruses",
"text": "Plant viruses cannot infect humans and other animals because they can reproduce only in living plant cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This can be narrow, meaning a virus is capable of infecting few species, or broad, meaning it is capable of infecting many."
}
] |
Viral infections in animals tend to make them ill.
| 2 | 2 |
Virus
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Uhler Lemmon II was of Irish heritage, and Jack Lemmon was raised Catholic."
}
] |
RD0ojRanBZCiuFzRzAJ6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1978: Mid-career",
"text": "\" Wilder though also once said: \"Happiness is working with Jack Lemmon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Uhler Lemmon II was of Irish heritage, and Jack Lemmon was raised Catholic."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The amateur who helps his team most in the Pro-Am portion is annually awarded the Jack Lemmon Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1978: Mid-career",
"text": "In 1972, at the 44th Academy Awards, Jack Lemmon presented the Honorary Academy Award to silent screen legend Charlie Chaplin."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1979–2001: Later career",
"text": "His final Oscar nomination was for Missing (1982), as a conservative father whose son has vanished in Chile during the period the country was under the rule of Augusto Pinochet, he won another Cannes award for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His publicist Geraldine McInerney said \"I remember Jack once telling me he lived in terror his whole life that he’d never get another job."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His body was interred at Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery in Westwood, California. (The graves of Walter Matthau, George C. Scott and film director Billy Wilder lie in the same cemetery.) Lemmon's gravestone reads like a title screen from a film: \"JACK LEMMON in\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lemmon was a registered Democrat."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1949–1965: Early years",
"text": "Lemmon received Oscar nominations for his performances in Some Like it"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1949–1965: Early years",
"text": "Lemmon starred in six films directed by Quine."
}
] |
Jack Lemmon was Dutch descent from his father.
| 0 | 3 |
Jack Lemmon
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book, first published in 1937, recounts events of the seventeen years when Blixen made her home in Kenya, then called British East Africa."
}
] |
RDKgIAhK3yspLn3S6vWr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure and style",
"text": "But by the time that Blixen was finishing the manuscript for Out of Africa at the age of 51, the Kenya protectorate of her younger years was a thing of the past."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Out of Africa is a memoir by the Danish author Karen Blixen."
},
{
"section_header": "Shadows on the Grass",
"text": "Many of the people and the events from Out of Africa appear again on these pages."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The new acquisitions included the site of the house which features so prominently in Out of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "He was, to judge by Blixen's correspondence as well as some passages from Out of Africa, the great love of her life."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and style",
"text": "Out of Africa is divided into five sections, most of which are non-linear and seem to reflect no particular chronology."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Europeans",
"text": "The other characters who populate Out of Africa are the Europeans – colonists as well as some of the wanderers who stopped in Kenya."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book has sometimes been published under the author's pen name, Isak Dinesen."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Conspicuously absent from the stories in Out of Africa is any explicit appearance by Blixen's husband, Bror von Blixen-Finecke."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Most Somalis were, by the accounts of their employers, highly organised, effective managers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book, first published in 1937, recounts events of the seventeen years when Blixen made her home in Kenya, then called British East Africa."
}
] |
Out of Africa is an account of the author's time while in Africa.
| 0 | 0 |
Out of Africa
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in the late 19th century, the novel recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley, an 11-year-old orphan girl, who is mistakenly sent to two middle-aged siblings, Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, who had originally intended to adopt a boy to help them on their farm in the fictional town of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island, Canada."
}
] |
RDWtzJyYnUgyr8xliPxn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Anne's friends/classmates",
"text": "She is the only girl of Anne's age who lives close to Green Gables."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honours",
"text": "Reading listsIn 2003, Anne of Green Gables was ranked number 41 in The Big Read, a survey of the British public by BBC to determine the \"nation's best-loved novel\" (not children's novel)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written for all ages, it has been considered a classic children's novel since the mid-twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (live action)",
"text": "Anne of Green Gables: The Continuing Story (2000), a sequel to the 1985 television miniseries not based on the novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television films and episodic series (live action)",
"text": "Anne of Green Gables: A New Beginning (2008), a prequel to the 1985 television miniseries not based on the novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honours",
"text": "The town is named Deerwood in the novel; this was Montgomery's only narrative setting outside Atlantic Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honours",
"text": "In 2008, Canada Post issued two postage stamps and a souvenir sheet honouring Anne and the \"Green Gables\" house."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage productions",
"text": "Theatreworks USA, a New York-based children's theatre company, produced an Anne of Green Gables musical in 2006 at the Lucille Lortel Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In writing the novel, Montgomery was inspired by notes she had made as a young girl about a couple who were mistakenly sent an orphan girl instead of the boy they had requested, yet decided to keep her."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honours",
"text": "In 2012, it was ranked number nine among all-time children's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal, a monthly with primarily U.S. audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in the late 19th century, the novel recounts the adventures of Anne Shirley, an 11-year-old orphan girl, who is mistakenly sent to two middle-aged siblings, Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, who had originally intended to adopt a boy to help them on their farm in the fictional town of Avonlea on Prince Edward Island, Canada."
}
] |
Anne of Green Gables is a children's novel and is about a teenager girl that lives in Canada.
| 0 | 0 |
Anne of Green Gables
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "The play continues the story of Shylock's daughter Jessica, who lives in an anti-semitic Venice and practices her Jewish faith in secret."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate",
"text": "Critics today still continue to argue over the play's stance on the Jews and Judaism."
}
] |
REMmFgHYFbrBU4M8u2t8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Merchant of Venice is a 16th-century play written by William Shakespeare in which a merchant in Venice named Antonio defaults on a large loan provided by a Jewish moneylender, Shylock."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate | Shylock as an antagonist",
"text": "This was the first known attempt by a dramatist to reverse the negative stereotype that Shylock personified."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "The play continues the story of Shylock's daughter Jessica, who lives in an anti-semitic Venice and practices her Jewish faith in secret."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "parodies Shylock's tirade. Christopher Moore combines The Merchant of Venice and Othello in his 2014 comic novel The Serpent of Venice, in which he makes Portia (from The Merchant of Venice) and Desdemona (from Othello) sisters."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Cultural references",
"text": "The Star Trek franchise sometimes quote and paraphrase Shakespeare, including The Merchant of Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Operas",
"text": "The Merchant of Venice premiered at the Bregenz Festival on 18 July 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate",
"text": "Critics today still continue to argue over the play's stance on the Jews and Judaism."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film, TV and radio version",
"text": "2002 – The Maori Merchant of Venice, directed by Don Selwyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film, TV and radio version",
"text": "2018 – The Merchant of Venice, adapted and directed by Emma Harding."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Shylock and the antisemitism debate | Shylock as an antagonist",
"text": "Shortly after Kristallnacht in 1938, The Merchant of Venice was broadcast for propagandistic ends over the German airwaves."
}
] |
Theatergoers have found some of the main themes in The Merchant of Venice upseting, and criticize them as being stereotypical and an unfair representation of Jewish culture.
| 0 | 1 |
The Merchant of Venice
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "American Indian Wars",
"text": "The Battle of Washita River was regarded as the first substantial U.S. victory in the Southern Plains War, and it helped force a significant portion of the Southern Cheyenne onto a U.S.-assigned reservation."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 1868, following the Battle of Washita River, Custer was alleged (by Captain Frederick Benteen, chief of scouts Ben Clark, and Cheyenne oral tradition) to have unofficially married Mo-nah-se-tah, daughter of the Cheyenne chief Little Rock in the winter or early spring of 1868–1869 (Little Rock was killed in the one-day action at Washita on November 27)."
}
] |
REODskm1F8n9Q2gKRfF5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reconstruction duties in Texas",
"text": "Major General Custer became Chief of Cavalry of the Department of Texas, from November 13 to February 1, 1866, succeeding Major General Wesley Merritt."
},
{
"section_header": "American Indian Wars",
"text": "On November 27, 1868, Custer led the 7th Cavalry Regiment in an attack on the Cheyenne encampment of Chief Black Kettle – the Battle of Washita River."
},
{
"section_header": "American Indian Wars",
"text": "The Battle of Washita River was regarded as the first substantial U.S. victory in the Southern Plains War, and it helped force a significant portion of the Southern Cheyenne onto a U.S.-assigned reservation."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 1868, following the Battle of Washita River, Custer was alleged (by Captain Frederick Benteen, chief of scouts Ben Clark, and Cheyenne oral tradition) to have unofficially married Mo-nah-se-tah, daughter of the Cheyenne chief Little Rock in the winter or early spring of 1868–1869 (Little Rock was killed in the one-day action at Washita on November 27)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mo-nah-se-tah gave birth to a child in January 1869, two months after the Washita battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversial legacy | Criticism and controversy",
"text": "While camped at Powder River, Custer refused the support offered by General Terry on June 21 of an additional four companies of the Second Cavalry."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Brigade command",
"text": "He found just the kind of aggressive fighters he wanted in three of his aides: Wesley Merritt, Elon J. Farnsworth (both of whom had command experience) and George A. Custer."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle of the Little Bighorn",
"text": "According to Grinnell's account, based on the testimony of the Cheyenne warriors who survived the fight, at least part of Custer's command attempted to ford the river at the north end of the camp but were driven off by Indian sharpshooters firing from the brush along the west bank of the river."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | McClellan and Pleasanton",
"text": "On May 24, 1862, during the pursuit of Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston up the Peninsula, when General McClellan and his staff were reconnoitering a potential crossing point on the Chickahominy River, they stopped, and Custer overheard Barnard mutter, \" I wish I knew how deep it is.\" Custer dashed forward on his horse out to the middle of the river, turned to the astonished officers, and shouted triumphantly, \"McClellan, that’s how deep it is, General!\"Custer was allowed to lead an attack with four companies of the 4th Michigan Infantry across the Chickahominy River above New Bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle of the Little Bighorn",
"text": "About June 15, Major Marcus Reno, while on a scout, discovered the trail of a large village on the Rosebud River."
}
] |
Custer succeeded General Merritt in the Battle of Washita River.
| 3 | 10 |
George Armstrong Custer
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Ninepin bowlers - The ghosts of Henry Hudson's crewmen from his ship, the Half-Moon; they share purple magic liquor with Rip Van Winkle and play a game of nine-pins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He awakes 20 years later to a very changed world, having missed the American Revolution."
}
] |
REWlB2OiKWhY70SwqdM4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Man carrying keg up the mountain - The ghost of one of Henry Hudson's crew members."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "It was released in January 1982 and references Rip Van Winkle in the lyrics of the song, \"Take a nap like Rip Van Winkle.\" Ween's song \"Sketches of Winkle\", from 1991, also alludes to the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "Donald expects to see a fabulous \"futuristic\" world, and the nephews must use various tricks to keep their prank going."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and literary forerunners",
"text": "He asked him: How long does it take to bear fruit?"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "His grown daughter takes him in and he resumes his usual idleness."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and literary forerunners",
"text": "Later that day, he sat down to take a rest."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He learns that the men whom he met in the mountains are rumored to be the ghosts of Henry Hudson's crew from his ship, the Halve Maen."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "A character in the novel Darkness at Noon (1940) is nicknamed Rip Van Winkle because he spent 20 years imprisoned in solitary confinement."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "A young Rip Van Winkle is the primary character in the 2015 novel, Rip Van Winkle and The Pumpkin Lantern by Seth Adam Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and literary forerunners",
"text": "The man replied: The man replied: No. But my father told me that his father planted this tree for me."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Ninepin bowlers - The ghosts of Henry Hudson's crewmen from his ship, the Half-Moon; they share purple magic liquor with Rip Van Winkle and play a game of nine-pins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He awakes 20 years later to a very changed world, having missed the American Revolution."
}
] |
This novel is about a man who takes a nap after going bowling with ghosts.
| 0 | 0 |
Rip van Winkle
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The excavations have been ongoing since 1996 by the German Archaeological Institute, but large parts still remain unexcavated."
}
] |
RElKJeVG4oC54MzHSFij
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer II",
"text": "A stone pillar resembling totem pole designs was discovered at Göbekli Tepe, Layer II in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The excavations have been ongoing since 1996 by the German Archaeological Institute, but large parts still remain unexcavated."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation",
"text": "In 2010, Global Heritage Fund (GHF) announced it will undertake a multi-year conservation program to preserve Göbekli Tepe."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer II",
"text": "Also, an older layer at Gobekli features some related sculptures portraying animals on human heads."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "Having found similar structures at Nevalı Çori, he recognized the possibility that the rocks and slabs were prehistoric."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "Since its discovery, however, surface surveys have shown that several hills in the greater area also have 'T'-shaped stone pillars (e.g. Hamzan Tepe, Karahan Tepe, Harbetsuvan Tepesi, Sefer Tepe, and Taslı Tepe) but little excavation has been conducted."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer I",
"text": "Layer I is the uppermost part of the hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Plateau",
"text": "Presumably this is the remains of a Roman watchtower that was part of the Limes Arabicus, however, this is conjecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronological context",
"text": "The inhabitants are presumed to have been hunters and gatherers who nevertheless lived in villages for at least part of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "It was excavated by the German Archaeological Institute and has been submerged by the Atatürk Dam since 1992."
}
] |
All parts of Gobekli Tepe have been excavated since 2010.
| 0 | 1 |
Göbekli Tepe
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "COVID-19 response",
"text": "In a letter to employees, CEO Brian Chesky said the company was letting 1,900 of its 7,500 workers go due to the COVID-19 pandemic and cutting businesses that don't directly support home-sharing."
}
] |
REoRh6p8z7hFVwWzTJgv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Terms of use and guest review system | Cancellations",
"text": "Airbnb allows hosts to choose among three ways of cancellation policies, made to protect both hosts and guests."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of use and guest review system | Deposits",
"text": "However, on March 30, Airbnb announced that they set aside US$250 million to help them regain some of the lost income, \"When a guest cancels a reservation due to a COVID-19 related circumstance, with check-in between March 14 and May 31, we will pay you 25% of what you would normally receive through your cancellation policy.\" Airbnb does not charge for the deposit immediately after the reservation has been created."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2018, Airbnb employees provided \"11,000 hours of service to 250 projects worldwide\", according to the company, as a result of its policy to provide employees with paid time off to be used for volunteering."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisitions",
"text": "This acquisition made Airbnb the largest lodging website in the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Negative guest experiences",
"text": "Airbnb responded that the 1,021 incidents are statistically insignificant compared to 260 million check-ins at the time and that the company tries to remedy any problems."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Airbnb's revenue grew more than 80% from 2015 to 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In December 2012, Airbnb announced its strategy to move more aggressively into the Asian market with the launch of an office in Singapore."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On May 5, 2020, Brian Chesky sent a memo to all employees announcing the company would be laying off approximately 1,900 employees, or about 25% of its workforce in the Americas, Europe, and Asia due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Funding",
"text": "In March 2017, Airbnb raised $1 billion in funding, bringing total funding raised to more than $3 billion and valuing the company at $31 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of use and guest review system | Cancellations",
"text": "According to the statement, \"This policy applies to existing reservations for stays and Airbnb Experiences made on or before March 14, 2020, with check-in dates between March 14, 2020, and July 31, 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "COVID-19 response",
"text": "In a letter to employees, CEO Brian Chesky said the company was letting 1,900 of its 7,500 workers go due to the COVID-19 pandemic and cutting businesses that don't directly support home-sharing."
}
] |
After the modern plague set in, Airbnb protected its employees and made sure that no more than 5% of them lost jobs.
| 0 | 0 |
Airbnb
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "This is the Great War.\" Contemporary Europeans also referred to it as \"the war to end war\" or \"the war to end all wars\" due to their perception of its then-unparalleled scale and devastation."
}
] |
RErQm6gQYHCdctQX6uso
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, despite the conclusive Allied victory (and the creation of the League of Nations during the Peace Conference, intended to prevent future wars), a second world war followed just over twenty years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Progress of the war | 1917–1918 | Ottoman Empire conflict, 1917–1918",
"text": "Two Ottoman armies were defeated a few weeks later at the Battle of Mughar Ridge and, early in December, Jerusalem was captured following another Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Prior to World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Technology | Ground warfare",
"text": "Another new weapon, the flamethrower, was first used by the German army and later adopted by other forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "This is the Great War.\" Contemporary Europeans also referred to it as \"the war to end war\" or \"the war to end all wars\" due to their perception of its then-unparalleled scale and devastation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | National identities",
"text": "While the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire at the end of World War"
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Formal end of the war",
"text": "A formal state of war between the two sides persisted for another seven months, until the signing of the Treaty of Versailles with Germany on 28 June 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Progress of the war | 1917–1918 | Entry of the United States",
"text": "Wilson called on anti-war elements to end all wars, by winning this one and eliminating militarism from the globe."
},
{
"section_header": "Progress of the war | 1917–1918 | Entry of the United States",
"text": "After the sinking of seven US merchant ships by submarines and the publication of the Zimmermann telegram, Wilson called for war on Germany on 2 April 1917, which the US Congress declared 4 days later."
}
] |
World War I was called the Great War or "the war to end war" but it was followed by another 20 years later.
| 0 | 0 |
World War I
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Copyright infringement lawsuit",
"text": "On May 28, 2010, it filed a complaint against 5,000 unidentified BitTorrent users in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia; Voltage announced its intention to demand $1,500 from each defendant to release him or her from the suit."
}
] |
RF7XXZAvmPLRtnX3KrTf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "hundred thousand refugees of Iraq live in Jordan."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Copyright infringement lawsuit",
"text": "On May 12, 2010, Voltage Pictures, the production company behind The Hurt Locker, announced that it would attempt to sue \"potentially tens of thousands\" of online computer users who downloaded unlicensed copies of the film using the BitTorrent and P2P networks."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "In February 2010, the film's producer Nicolas Chartier emailed a group of Academy Award voters in an attempt to sway them to vote for The Hurt Locker instead of \"a $500M film\" (referring to Avatar) for the Best Picture award."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is one of only five films that have won all three major U.S. critics group prizes (LA, NY, NSFC), together with Goodfellas, Schindler's List, L.A. Confidential, and The Social Network."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical run",
"text": "The film garnered half a million dollars in its opening weekend in the United Kingdom of August 28 through August 30, 2009, and grossed over a million dollars in the UK, Japan, Spain, and France through March."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Distribution: Independent film print shortage",
"text": "\" They misjudge how wide they should go.\" One theory is that the independent films have a hard time competing for screen space during the summer against blockbuster tent-pole films that take up as much as half the screens in any given city, flooding the United States market with thousands of prints."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Sarver lawsuit",
"text": "In early March 2010, U.S. Army bomb disposal expert Master Sergeant Jeffrey Sarver filed a multimillion-dollar lawsuit against The Hurt Locker."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical run",
"text": "2007).In 2007).In the United States , The Hurt Locker is one of only five Best Picture winners (The English Patient, Amadeus, The Artist, and The Shape of Water being the other four) to never enter the weekend box office top 5 since top 10 rankings were first recorded in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The producer Greg Shapiro spoke about security concerns of filming in Jordan, \"It was interesting telling people we were going to make the movie in Jordan because the first question everybody asked was about the security situation here.\" Her choice to film in the Kingdom met some resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "At that point, \"people wanted to quit."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Copyright infringement lawsuit",
"text": "On May 28, 2010, it filed a complaint against 5,000 unidentified BitTorrent users in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia; Voltage announced its intention to demand $1,500 from each defendant to release him or her from the suit."
}
] |
The producers of The Hurt Locker attempted to extract one thousand five hundred dollars each from thousands of unspecified people that they suspected of stealing their film over the web.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hurt Locker
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone."
}
] |
RFHY5Db7lv9Bep4rFCS8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ecologically, there are few other groupings so abundant in the biotic desert of the deep sea, as well as shallower oceans."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution and habitat",
"text": "While almost all echinoderms are benthic – that is, they live on the sea floor – some sea-lilies can swim at great velocity for brief periods of time, and a few deep-sea sea cucumbers are fully floating."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and evolution",
"text": "Their locomotor function came later, after the re-orientation of the mouth when the podia were in contact with the substrate for the first time."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution and habitat",
"text": "They reach highest diversity in reef environments but are also widespread on shallow shores, around the poles – refugia where crinoids are at their most abundant – and throughout the deep ocean, where bottom-dwelling and burrowing sea cucumbers are common – sometimes accounting for up to 90% of organisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution and habitat",
"text": "Echinoderms are globally distributed in almost all depths, latitudes and environments in the ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – \"hedgehog\" and δέρμα, derma – \"skin\") of marine animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Locomotion",
"text": "Many live in cracks, hollows and burrows and hardly move at all."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Locomotion",
"text": "Some deep water species are pelagic and can float in the water with webbed papillae forming sails or fins."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology",
"text": "Some sea urchins can bore into solid rock and this bioerosion can destabilise rock faces and release nutrients into the ocean."
}
] |
There are Echinodermata that live so deep in the ocean that they never contact sunlight.
| 1 | 1 |
Echinodermata
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In 1854, at the age of 14, he was enrolled for about a year of study with Alfred Fredericks and Theodore Kaufmann, and then at the school of the National Academy of Design."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In 1856, he started working as a draftsman for Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper."
}
] |
RFd4vA6xMDgwSJzl3xow
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "The prize is awarded periodically to one German cartoonist and one North American cartoonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Party politics",
"text": "Nast played important role during the presidential election in 1868, and Ulysses S. Grant attributed his victory to \"the sword of Sheridan and the pencil of Thomas Nast."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "The Thomas Nast Prize for editorial cartooning has been awarded by the Thomas Nast Foundation (located in Nast's birthplace of Landau, Germany) since 1978 when it was first given to Jeff MacNelly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Nast (; German: [nast]; September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the \"Father of the American Cartoon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "Winners receive 1,300 Euros, a trip to Landau, and the Thomas Nast medal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Award",
"text": "The Thomas Nast Award has been presented each year since 1968 by the Overseas Press Club to an editorial cartoonist for the \"best cartoons on international affairs.\" Past winners include Signe Wilkinson, Kevin (KAL) Kallaugher, Mike Peters, Clay Bennett, Mike Luckovich, Tom Toles, Herbert Block, Tony Auth, Jeff MacNelly, Dick Locher, Jim Morin, Warren King, Tom Darcy, Don Wright and Patrick Chappatte."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Party politics",
"text": "Harper's Weekly, and Nast, played an important role in the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1864, and Ulysses S. Grant in 1868 and 1872."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "The American advisory committee includes Nast's descendant Thomas Nast III of Fort Worth, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Party politics",
"text": "Nast opposed inflation of the currency, notably with his famous rag-baby cartoons, and he played an important part in securing Rutherford B. Hayes' presidential election in 1876."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Award",
"text": "OPC President Pancho Bernasconi stated “Once we became aware of how some groups and ethnicities were portrayed in a manner that is not consistent with how journalists work and view their role today, we voted to remove his name from the award.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In 1854, at the age of 14, he was enrolled for about a year of study with Alfred Fredericks and Theodore Kaufmann, and then at the school of the National Academy of Design."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "In 1856, he started working as a draftsman for Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper."
}
] |
Thomas Nast played semi-pro ball before he became a political cartoonist.
| 0 | 0 |
Thomas Nast
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Vladimir and Estragon",
"text": "\"The hat-passing game in Waiting for Godot and Lucky's inability to think without his hat on are two obvious Beckett derivations from Laurel and Hardy – a substitution of form for essence, covering for reality\", wrote Gerald Mast in The Comic Mind: Comedy and the Movies."
}
] |
RFeKwqgHnGxFf63nrfvP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "Two other characters show up, Pozzo and his slave Lucky, who are headed for the market, where Pozzo intends to sell Lucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Philosophical | Ethical",
"text": "No-one is concerned that a boy is beaten."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Boy",
"text": "The cast list specifies only one boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Christian",
"text": "Some see God and Godot as one and the same."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Godot",
"text": "Of the two boys who work for Godot only one appears safe from beatings, \"Beckett said, only half-jokingly, that one of Estragon's feet was saved\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | American reception",
"text": "One reviewer, Henry Hewes of the Saturday Review, identified Godot as God, Pozzo as a capitalist-aristocrat, and Lucky as labour-proletarian."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Vladimir and Estragon",
"text": "\"The hat-passing game in Waiting for Godot and Lucky's inability to think without his hat on are two obvious Beckett derivations from Laurel and Hardy – a substitution of form for essence, covering for reality\", wrote Gerald Mast in The Comic Mind: Comedy and the Movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Christian",
"text": "The boy from Act One mentions that he and his brother mind Godot's sheep and goats."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Pozzo and Lucky",
"text": "\"\"In his [English] translation ... Beckett struggled to retain the French atmosphere as much as possible, so that he delegated all the English names and places to Lucky, whose own name, he thought, suggested such a correlation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Vladimir and Estragon",
"text": "The above characterizations, particularly that which concerns their existential situation, are also demonstrated in one of the play's recurring themes, which is sleep."
}
] |
One of the character's, Lucky, cannot form coherent thoughts unless he has a cover on his head.
| 0 | 3 |
Waiting for Godot
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Roush made his major league debut on August 20, 1913 for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "He was contacted by Reds President Sidney Weil to play for the team in 1931."
}
] |
RFpyM72BojqU6b15mxoW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Chicago White Sox, Newark Peppers and Indianapolis Hoosiers from 1913 to 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Roush made his major league debut on August 20, 1913 for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He performed well with the team and hit .284 in 1912 and .300 in 1913 when his contract was bought by the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "The Reds played poorly in 1921, and by the end of May they were 14-28."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "He was contacted by Reds President Sidney Weil to play for the team in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "The Reds won the 1919 World Series, known for the Black Sox Scandal, by winning five of the eight games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Roush hit .339, and set career highs in hits, doubles, triples, RBI, and total bases.1921 would be the first of many holdouts that Roush would start."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "At the time of his retirement in 1931, he was second place behind Bid McPhee for hits and triples in Cincinnati Reds history."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "Hall of Fame pitcher Pete Alexander wrote of Roush, \"Of all the batters I have faced ... Edd Roush and Ross Youngs are the trickiest."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "1923 would start similarly to the previous two years with a new holdout by Roush; this time he demanded a $25,000 (equivalent to $375,146 in 2019) salary."
}
] |
Edd Roush started with the Chicago White Sox and ended with the Cincinnati Reds in 1931.
| 0 | 6 |
Edd Roush
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "The novel has been translated into more than 50 languages, and is often used in literature, world history, and African studies courses across the world."
}
] |
RGmVP1GyRUVL6D5YTdbp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Language choice",
"text": "In a 1994 interview with The Paris Review, Achebe said, \"the novel form seems to go with the English language."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Language choice",
"text": "Achebe wrote his novels in English because the written standard Igbo language was created by combining various dialects, creating a stilted written form."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "language of the novel has not only intrigued critics but has also been a major factor in the emergence of the modern African novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Hilary Mantel, the Booker Prize-winning novelist in a 7 May 2012 article in Newsweek, \"Hilary Mantel's Favorite Historical Fictions\", lists Things Fall Apart as one of her five favourite novels in this genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Time magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Language choice",
"text": "There is a problem with the Igbo language."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Language choice",
"text": "English was the language of colonization itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "It is felt that the repression of the Igbo language at the end of the novel contributes greatly to the destruction of the culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "The novel has been translated into more than 50 languages, and is often used in literature, world history, and African studies courses across the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "A whole new generation of African writers – Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (current director of the Chinua Achebe Center at Bard College) and Helon Habila A whole new generation of African writers – Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (current director of the Chinua Achebe Center at Bard College) and Helon Habila (Waiting for an Angel [2004] and Measuring Time [2007]), as well as Uzodinma Iweala A whole new generation of African writers – Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (current director of the Chinua Achebe Center at Bard College) and Helon Habila A whole new generation of African writers – Caine Prize winners Binyavanga Wainaina (current director of the Chinua Achebe Center at Bard College) and Helon Habila (Waiting for an Angel [2004] and Measuring Time [2007]), as well as Uzodinma Iweala (Beasts of No Nation [2005]), and Professor Okey Ndibe (Arrows of Rain [2000]) count Chinua Achebe as a significant influence."
}
] |
The novel won the Nobel Prize and it is in 45 languages.
| 3 | 5 |
Things Fall Apart
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "The novella was adapted in 2017 as a five-part radio drama on BBC Radio 4 for its 15 Minute Drama's \"Love Henry James\" series."
}
] |
RH8wttK35fdTPddNQJV0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daisy Miller is a novel by Henry James that first appeared in Cornhill Magazine in June–July 1878, and in book form the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "The novella was adapted in 2017 as a five-part radio drama on BBC Radio 4 for its 15 Minute Drama's \"Love Henry James\" series."
},
{
"section_header": "Key themes",
"text": "The issue on which the novella turns is the \"innocence\" of Daisy, despite her seemingly scandalous behaviour."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "The story continues to be one of James' most popular works, along with The Turn of the Screw and The Portrait of a Lady."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "Frederick Raphael wrote the script; the film follows the structure of the original story without significant changes, and even uses portions of James' dialogue from the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "In 1909, James revised Daisy Miller extensively for the New York Edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "In the 1890s, a short walking-skirt called the rainy daisy, supposedly named for Daisy Miller, was introduced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It portrays the courtship of the beautiful American girl Daisy Miller by Winterbourne, a sophisticated compatriot of hers."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "A rap adaptation of Daisy Miller appears on Heavy Jamal's album Shining Sky Lobster."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Daisy Miller was an immediate and widespread popular success for James, despite some criticism that the story was \"an outrage on American girlhood\"."
}
] |
The 1878 novel Daisy Miller was turned into a radio drama in 1917.
| 0 | 5 |
Daisy Miller
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
}
] |
RHCYk0XlWfAg7bfzxc4a
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart was followed by a sequel, No Longer at Ease (1960), originally written as the second part of a larger work along with Arrow of God (1964)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Language choice",
"text": "Achebe wrote his novels in English because the written standard Igbo language was created by combining various dialects, creating a stilted written form."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Before Things Fall Apart was published, most of the novels about Africa had been written by European authors, portraying Africans as savages who were in need of western enlightenment."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Ever Written'\". The 60th anniversary of the first publication of Things"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "language of the novel has not only intrigued critics but has also been a major factor in the emergence of the modern African novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Time magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The events of the novel unfold in the 1890s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel follows the life of Okonkwo, an Igbo (\"Ibo\" in the novel) man and local wrestling champion in the fictional Nigerian clan of Umuofia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Achebe states that his two later novels A Man of the People (1966) and Anthills of the Savannah (1987), while not featuring Okonkwo's descendants, are spiritual successors to the previous novels in chronicling African history."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "It is felt that the repression of the Igbo language at the end of the novel contributes greatly to the destruction of the culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Things Fall Apart is the debut novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, first published in 1958."
}
] |
The novel was written in the 1960s.
| 0 | 0 |
Things Fall Apart
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Party official | Donbas years",
"text": "The family was poor, according to Nina's own recollections."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His parents, Sergei Khrushchev and Xeniya Khrushcheva, were poor peasants of Russian origin, and had a daughter two years Nikita's junior, Irina."
}
] |
RHdpxXmHbiR5VW0Kt6Jr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "She urged Nikita to seek further education, but family finances did not permit this."
},
{
"section_header": "World War II | War against Germany",
"text": "Leonid's daughter, Yulia, was raised by Nikita Khrushchev and his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Party official | Donbas years",
"text": "The family was poor, according to Nina's own recollections."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Nikita worked as a herdsboy from an early age."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Even so, some artists and writers joined the family at the graveside for the interment."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Foreign and defense policies | Cuban Missile Crisis and the test ban treaty (1962–1964)",
"text": "I warned Nikita that secrecy would give the imperialists the advantage."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Stalin's final years",
"text": "Khrushchev had prefabricated reinforced concrete used, greatly speeding up construction."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to power | Return to Ukraine",
"text": "Once Khrushchev was able to get out of bed, he and his family took their first vacation since before the war, to a beachfront resort in Latvia."
},
{
"section_header": "Leader (1953–1964) | Foreign and defense policies | United States and allies | Early relations and U.S. visit (1957–1960)",
"text": "Khrushchev brought his wife, Nina Petrovna, and adult children with him, though it was not usual for Soviet officials to travel with their families."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Wages were much higher in the Donbas than in the Kursk region, and Sergei Khrushchev generally left his family in Kalinovka, returning there when he had enough money."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His parents, Sergei Khrushchev and Xeniya Khrushcheva, were poor peasants of Russian origin, and had a daughter two years Nikita's junior, Irina."
}
] |
Nikita Khrushchev grew up in a rich family.
| 0 | 0 |
Nikita Khrushchev
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His 167.7 at-bats per strikeout in 1932 is still a single-season record."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees."
}
] |
RI1Oiu6yEdV1WJFVjA3o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He hit a career high 11 home runs in 1932.Sewell struck out 114 times in 7,132 career at-bats for an average of one strikeout every 62.5 at-bats, second only to Willie Keeler (63.1)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Sewell-Thomas Stadium, the baseball stadium at the University of Alabama, is named in his honor and is nicknamed by Crimson Tide fans as \"The Joe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "According to his obituary published in the New York Times, he played his entire Major League career using only one bat (a 40-ouncer he dubbed \"Black Betsy.\"), which he kept in shape by rubbing with a Coke bottle and seasoning with chewing tobacco."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "One of his pitchers was future NFL standout, Alabama quarterback and 1966 MLB 10th round draftee (Yankees) Ken \"The Snake\" Stabler."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "His 167.7 at-bats per strikeout in 1932 is still a single-season record."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included him in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time. (He joined the Indians' roster after September 1 in 1920 and normally would not have been eligible to participate in post-season play, but Wilbert Robinson, manager of the Brooklyn Robins, waived the rule because of the circumstances with Chapman.) Two of his brothers, Luke Sewell and Tommy Sewell, also played major league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "holds the record for the lowest strikeout rate in major league history, striking out on average only once every 73 plate appearances, and the most consecutive games without a strikeout, at 115."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell was a member of Pi Kappa Phi fraternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell graduated from Wetumpka High School in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell also had 3 strikeouts in 1930, albeit in just 353 at-bats (as opposed to 503 in his record-setting year), as well as three other full seasons (1925, 1929, 1933) with 4 strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees."
}
] |
Joe Sewell is on record as one of the worst professional baseball players in terms of batting average but was an outstanding outfielder.
| 2 | 5 |
Joe Sewell
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The later years of Ivan's reign were also marked by the Massacre of Novgorod and the burning of Moscow by Tatars."
}
] |
RI7OiLEw9Nl9JnyzCpET
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two weeks after his coronation, Ivan married his first wife Anastasia Romanovna, a member of the Romanov family, who became the first Russian tsaritsa."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "play Ivan the Terrible: Absolute Power, written by Mike Walker and which was the first play in the first series of Tsar."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the first to be crowned as \"Tsar of All the Russias\", imitating in part his grandfather, Ivan III"
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic policy | Oprichnina",
"text": "The first wave of persecutions targeted primarily the princely clans of Russia, notably the influential families of Suzdal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ivan Vasilyevich; 25 August 1530 – 28 March [O.S. 18 March] 1584), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible (Russian: Ива́н Гро́зный Ivan Grozny; \"Ivan the Formidable\" or \"Ivan the Fearsome\", Latin: Ioannes Severus ), was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547 and the first Tsar of Russia from 1547 to 1584."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic policy | Oprichnina",
"text": "His first wife, Anastasia Romanovna, died in 1560, and her death was suspected to be a poisoning."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic policy",
"text": "By Ivan's order in 1553 the Moscow Print Yard was established and the first printing press was introduced to Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion",
"text": "Other events of this period include the introduction of the first laws restricting the mobility of the peasants, which would eventually lead to serfdom, instituted during the rule of future tsar Boris Godunov in 1597. (See also Serfdom in Russia.) Ivan was a devoted follower of Christian Orthodoxy, but in his own specific manner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The later years of Ivan's reign were also marked by the Massacre of Novgorod and the burning of Moscow by Tatars."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages and children",
"text": "Ivan the Terrible had four legitimate wives, three of them were poisoned, presumably, by his enemies or the royal families, who wanted to promote their daughters to the tzar's brides."
}
] |
Ivan the Terrible, the first Tsar of Russia, married into the Romanovna family and he ruled when Moscow was burned.
| 0 | 0 |
Ivan the Terrible
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This setting provides the frame for Marlow's story of his obsession with the successful ivory trader Kurtz."
}
] |
RIKnUK8nJQUACA8U3JkL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As a child, Marlow had been fascinated by \"the blank spaces\" on maps, particularly by the biggest, which by the time he had grown up was no longer blank but turned into \"a place of darkness\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The image of this river on the map fascinated Marlow \"as a snake would a bird\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This setting provides the frame for Marlow's story of his obsession with the successful ivory trader Kurtz."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Marlow is fascinated with the sinister effect of the torchlight upon the woman's face, and is informed that Mr. Kurtz made the painting in the station a year ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Aboard the Nellie, anchored in the River Thames near Gravesend, Charles Marlow tells his fellow sailors how he became captain of a river steamboat for an ivory trading company."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Literature",
"text": "The Drowned World includes many similarities to Conrad's novella."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "While one of the natives is tortured for allegedly causing the fire, Marlow is invited in the room of the station's brick-maker, a man who spent a year waiting for material to make bricks."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The pilgrims carry Kurtz to the steamer and lay him in one of the cabins, where he and the manager have a private conversation."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He meets the general manager, who informs him that he could wait no longer for Marlow to arrive, because the up-river stations had to be relieved and tells him of a rumour that one important station is in jeopardy because its chief, the exceptional Mr. Kurtz, is ill. \" Hang Kurtz\" , Marlow thinks, irritated."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication",
"text": "In 1890, at the age of 32, Conrad was appointed by a Belgian trading company to serve on one of its steamers."
}
] |
Marlow has a fixation with a trader of ivory in the novella and is fascinated by blank spots on maps as a kid.
| 2 | 6 |
Heart of Darkness
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"The Wizard\" for his defensive brilliance, Smith set major league records for career assists (8,375) and double plays (1,590) by a shortstop (the latter since broken by Omar Vizquel), as well as the National League (NL) record with 2,511 career games at the position; Smith won the NL Gold Glove Award for play at shortstop for 13 consecutive seasons (1980–1992)."
}
] |
RITNOEUdZXSiTpUXV1vg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Smith's fielding play prompted the Yuma Daily Sun to use the nickname \"The Wizard of Oz\" in a March 1981 feature article about Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Osborne Earl \"Ozzie\" Smith (born December 26, 1954) is an American former baseball shortstop who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Diego Padres and St. Louis Cardinals from 1978 to 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "After conferring with veteran teammate Gene Tenace, Smith went ahead with the backflip, and it proved to be wildly popular."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Padres promotion director Andy Strasberg knew Smith could perform backflips, but that he only did them during practice before fans entered the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "While \"The Wizard of Oz\" nickname was an allusion to the 1939 motion picture of the same name, Smith also came to be known as simply \"The Wizard\" during his playing career, as Smith's Baseball Hall of Fame plaque would later attest."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Strasberg asked Smith to do a backflip for fans during Fan Appreciation Day on October 1, the Padres' last home game of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Noted for his ritual backflip before Opening Days, All-Star Games, and postseason games, Smith chose this occasion to perform it for one of the last times."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "\"Because of his injury, Smith let his then four-year-old son Nikko perform his traditional Opening Day backflip before the Cardinals' first home game of the 1986 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When not at the local YMCA or playing sports, Smith sometimes went with friends to the neighborhood lumberyard, springboarding off inner tubes and doing flips into sawdust piles (a precursor to his famous backflips)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He quickly established himself as an outstanding fielder, and he later became known for performing backflips on special occasions while taking his position at the beginning of a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"The Wizard\" for his defensive brilliance, Smith set major league records for career assists (8,375) and double plays (1,590) by a shortstop (the latter since broken by Omar Vizquel), as well as the National League (NL) record with 2,511 career games at the position; Smith won the NL Gold Glove Award for play at shortstop for 13 consecutive seasons (1980–1992)."
}
] |
Osborne Smith was nicknamed "The Wizard" for his awesome backflips.
| 2 | 4 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Urban Clarence \"Red\" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of his retirement, he was the last legal spitballer in the American League; another legal spitballer, Burleigh Grimes, was later traded to the AL and appeared in 10 games for the Yankees in 1934."
}
] |
RJ9a31xcmDWuqRoQTXP8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "The live-ball era was beginning, but, thanks to a rule change allowing active 17 spitball pitchers to continue throwing it the remainder of their careers after its 1920 ban, he made one of the most successful transitions of all pitchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Urban Clarence \"Red\" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of his retirement, he was the last legal spitballer in the American League; another legal spitballer, Burleigh Grimes, was later traded to the AL and appeared in 10 games for the Yankees in 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "Faber achieved most of his success with White Sox teams that were usually barely competitive."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "He had pitched 20 consecutive years for the White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "He returned as a White Sox coach for three seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "Faber made the trip but was not asked to testify and returned to the White Sox without missing a start."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "He holds the White Sox franchise record for most games pitched, and held the team records for career wins, starts, complete games and innings until they were later broken by Ted Lyons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "After much of the core of that team was permanently banned in the Black Sox Scandal the White Sox had only two winning seasons in Faber's last 13 years, never finishing above fifth place."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "When the pitcher slowly entered his windup, Faber ran toward third base."
}
] |
Red Faber was a pitcher for the White Sox and was allowed to use the spitball in the AL.
| 0 | 0 |
Red Faber
|
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