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Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1673: Huygens' Horologium Oscillatorium",
"text": "By a complicated method that was an early use of calculus, he showed this curve was a cycloid, rather than the circular arc of a pendulum, confirming that the pendulum was not isochronous and Galileo's observation of isochronism was accurate only for small swings."
}
] |
MyO7xZhjEfITy29H8Vzn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Use for time measurement | Clock pendulums",
"text": "In quality clocks the bob is made as heavy as the suspension can support and the movement can drive, since this improves the regulation of the clock (see Accuracy below)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1656: The pendulum clock",
"text": "This was a great improvement over existing mechanical clocks; their best accuracy was improved from around 15 minutes deviation a day to around 15 seconds a day."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for time measurement | Temperature compensation | Mercury pendulum",
"text": "To improve thermal accommodation several thin containers were often used, made of metal."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for time measurement | Clock pendulums",
"text": "The impulses to keep the pendulum swinging are provided by an arm hanging behind the pendulum called the crutch, (e), which ends in a fork, (f) whose prongs embrace the pendulum rod."
},
{
"section_header": "Gravity measurement",
"text": "The period of freeswinging pendulums could be found to great precision by comparing their swing with a precision clock that had been adjusted to keep correct time by the passage of stars overhead."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for time measurement | Clock pendulums",
"text": "Moving the bob up decreases the pendulum's length, causing the pendulum to swing faster and the clock to gain time."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for time measurement | Clock pendulums",
"text": "Some tower clocks and precision clocks use a tray attached near to the midpoint of the pendulum rod, to which small weights can be added or removed."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for time measurement | Clock pendulums",
"text": "The most common pendulum length in quality clocks, which is always used in grandfather clocks, is the seconds pendulum, about 1 metre (39 inches) long."
},
{
"section_header": "Use for time measurement | Clock pendulums",
"text": "In mantel clocks, half-second pendulums, 25 cm (9.8 in) long, or shorter, are used."
},
{
"section_header": "Other uses | Schuler tuning",
"text": "No physical pendulum is used, but the control system that keeps the inertial platform containing the gyroscopes stable is modified so the device acts as though it is attached to such a pendulum, keeping the platform always facing down as the vehicle moves on the curved surface of the Earth."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1673: Huygens' Horologium Oscillatorium",
"text": "By a complicated method that was an early use of calculus, he showed this curve was a cycloid, rather than the circular arc of a pendulum, confirming that the pendulum was not isochronous and Galileo's observation of isochronism was accurate only for small swings."
}
] |
The inventor of the pendulum clock improved its time keeping by using math.
| 2 | 4 |
Pendulum
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations in other media",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four has been adapted for the cinema, radio, television and theatre at least twice each, as well as for other art media, such as ballet and opera."
}
] |
MyT2uLpwKSNKae11HpSM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background and title",
"text": "The Napoleon of Notting Hill, which mocks the art of prophecy, opens in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "It is thought to be loosely based on the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "On 5 November 2019, the BBC listed Nineteen Eighty-Four on its list of the 100 most influential novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Brave New World comparisons",
"text": "In the decades since the publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, there have been numerous comparisons to Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World, which had been published 17 years earlier, in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and title",
"text": "Some writers consider the Russian dystopian novel We by Zamyatin to have influenced Nineteen Eighty-Four, and that the novel bears significant similarities in its plot and characters to Darkness at Noon, written years before by Koestler, who was a personal friend of Orwell."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "V. S. Pritchett, reviewing the novel for the New Statesman stated: \"I do not think I have ever read a novel more frightening and depressing; and yet, such are the originality, the suspense, the speed of writing and withering indignation that it is impossible to put the book down.\" P. H. Newby, reviewing Nineteen Eighty-Four for The Listener magazine, described it as \"the most arresting political novel written by an Englishman since Rex Warner's The Aerodrome.\" Nineteen Eighty-Four was also praised by Bertrand Russell, E. M. Forster and Harold Nicolson."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "On the other hand, Edward Shanks, reviewing Nineteen Eighty-Four for The Sunday Times, was dismissive; Shanks claimed Nineteen Eighty-Four \"breaks all records for gloomy vaticination\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "When it was first published, Nineteen Eighty-Four received critical acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and title",
"text": "The Last Man in Europe was an early title for the novel, but in a letter dated 22 October 1948 to his publisher Fredric Warburg, eight months before publication, Orwell wrote about hesitating between that title and Nineteen Eighty-Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations in other media",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four has been adapted for the cinema, radio, television and theatre at least twice each, as well as for other art media, such as ballet and opera."
}
] |
Nineteen Eighty-Four is not only a novel.
| 0 | 2 |
Nineteen Eighty-Four
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "Although a two-time All-Star in the American Negro leagues, Dihigo's greatest season came in the Mexican League in 1938, with Rojos del Aguila de Veracruz where he went 18-2 with a 0.90 ERA as a pitcher, while winning the batting title with a .387 average."
}
] |
MydJFVLSghqTxRDw5XXx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Martín Magdaleno Dihigo Llanos (May 25, 1906 – May 20, 1971) was a Cuban professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues",
"text": "As a pitcher, he went 26–19 with a 2.92 ERA, with 176 strikeouts and 80 walks in 354 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "Although a two-time All-Star in the American Negro leagues, Dihigo's greatest season came in the Mexican League in 1938, with Rojos del Aguila de Veracruz where he went 18-2 with a 0.90 ERA as a pitcher, while winning the batting title with a .387 average."
},
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "Dihigo continued his playing career in Mexico into the early 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Mexican and Cuban leagues",
"text": "In another season in the Mexican League, he had a 0.15 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Negro league baseball and Latin American leagues from 1923 to 1936 as a pitcher and second baseman, although he excelled at several positions."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues",
"text": "Dihigo's career record in twelve seasons in the Negro leagues was a .307 average and .511 slugging percentage, with 431 hits, 64 home runs, 61 doubles, 17 triples, 227 RBIs, and 292 runs scored in 1404 at bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "He played in the Negro leagues from 1923 through 1936 and again briefly in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "He began his professional career in the winter of 1922/23 at the age of 16 as a substitute infielder for Habana in the Cuban League."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and Hall of Fame Inductions",
"text": "Along with Willie Wells, Dihigo is just one of two players to be inducted to the American, Cuban, Mexican, Dominican Republic and Venezuelan Baseball Halls of Fame."
}
] |
The Cuban professional baseball player Martín Dihigo played 12 seasons in the Negro leagues and was a three time All-Star in the same leagues.
| 2 | 3 |
Martín Dihigo
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Earth's gravity",
"text": "The rate of acceleration of falling objects near the Earth's surface varies very slightly depending on latitude, surface features such as mountains and ridges, and perhaps unusually high or low sub-surface densities."
}
] |
MyiapJDvmltvn0ML0BPz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Equations for a falling body near the surface of the Earth",
"text": "The acceleration due to gravity is equal to this"
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Equations for a falling body near the surface of the Earth",
"text": "g. An initially stationary object which is allowed to fall freely under gravity drops a distance which is proportional to the square of the elapsed time."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Earth's gravity",
"text": "The rate of acceleration of falling objects near the Earth's surface varies very slightly depending on latitude, surface features such as mountains and ridges, and perhaps unusually high or low sub-surface densities."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Speed of gravity",
"text": "This confirmed that the speed of gravitational waves was the same as the speed of light."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Equivalence principle",
"text": "Such experiments demonstrate that all objects fall at the same rate when other forces (such as air resistance and electromagnetic effects) are negligible."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Speed of gravity",
"text": "In December 2012, a research team in China announced that it had produced measurements of the phase lag of Earth tides during full and new moons which seem to prove that the speed of gravity is equal to the speed of light."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Equations for a falling body near the surface of the Earth",
"text": "Under the same constant gravity assumptions, the potential energy, Ep, of a body at height h is given by Ep = mgh (or Ep ="
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Equations for a falling body near the surface of the Earth",
"text": "During the first 1⁄20 of a second the ball drops one unit of distance (here, a unit is about 12 mm); by 2⁄20 it has dropped at total of 4 units; by 3⁄20, 9 units and so on."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Earth's gravity",
"text": "Every planetary body (including the Earth) is surrounded by its own gravitational field, which can be conceptualized with Newtonian physics as exerting an attractive force on all objects."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Equations for a falling body near the surface of the Earth",
"text": "2 g {\\displaystyle h={\\tfrac {v^{2}}{2g}}} for the maximum height reached by a vertically projected body with initial velocity v is useful for small heights and small initial velocities only."
}
] |
The speed at which something falls, due to gravity, depends on factors such as the geolocation and the surrounding landscape in proximity to the falling body.
| 2 | 7 |
Gravity
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015."
}
] |
MyzHkxIaszNlEU53Mt6Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Popularity",
"text": "The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Excluding transmitters, the Eiffel Tower is the second tallest free-standing structure in France after the Millau Viaduct."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Subsequent events",
"text": "In 1914, at the outbreak of World War I, a radio transmitter located in the tower jammed German radio communications, seriously hindering their advance on Paris and contributing to the Allied victory at the First Battle of the Marne."
},
{
"section_header": "Replicas",
"text": "As one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, the Eiffel Tower has been the inspiration for the creation of many replicas and similar towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Transport",
"text": "The tower itself is located at the intersection of the quai Branly and the Pont d'Iéna."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origin",
"text": "After some debate about the exact location of the tower, a contract was signed on 8 January 1887."
},
{
"section_header": "Illumination copyright",
"text": "However, it could also be used to restrict the publication of tourist photographs of the tower at night, as well as hindering non-profit and semi-commercial publication of images of the illuminated tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Popularity",
"text": "More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Popularity",
"text": "An average of 25,000 people ascend the tower every day which can result in long queues."
}
] |
The Eiffel Tower the most popular free tourist location in the world.
| 1 | 4 |
Eiffel Tower
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Evans left when Adele was two, leaving her mother to raise her."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, London, to an English mother, Penny Adkins, and a Welsh father, Marc Evans."
}
] |
MzFr39taXGp7lQeeV25S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–2014: 21, worldwide recognition and hiatus",
"text": "Adele told Spin Magazine: \"It was really exciting for me because I never grew up around [that music]."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and 19",
"text": "I couldn't bear to be without him, so I was like, '"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "25 is about getting to know who I've become without realising."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins was born on 5 May 1988 in Tottenham, London, to an English mother, Penny Adkins, and a Welsh father, Marc Evans."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "Making up for lost time. Making up for everything I ever did and never did."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style",
"text": "Having referred to 21 as a \"break-up record\", Adele labelled her third studio album, 25, a \"make-up record\", adding it was about \"Making up for lost time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–2017: 25 and Adele Live 2016",
"text": "In a statement released three days later she confirmed that the album is titled 25, with Adele stating, \" My last record was a break-up record, and if I had to label this one, I would call it a make-up record."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and bibliography",
"text": "\"Tickets to See Adele in Birmingham Up for Sale for Jaw-Dropping ₤1,300 Each\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–2014: 21, worldwide recognition and hiatus",
"text": "She said that the album was inspired by the break-up with her former partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences and favourite musicians",
"text": "Amy Winehouse and her 2003 album Frank for inspiring her to take up the guitar, stating,"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Evans left when Adele was two, leaving her mother to raise her."
}
] |
Adele grew up without her father.
| 0 | 0 |
Adele
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "iv-ər, -ar also US: BOH-liv-ar) and also colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama to independence from the Spanish Empire."
}
] |
Mzig38DFBbc5GC0LkdUq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Venezuela and New Granada, 1807–1821 | Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814) and exile",
"text": "Six days later, and as a result of Spanish massacres on independence supporters, Bolívar dictated his famous \"Decree of War to the Death\", allowing the killing of any Spaniard not actively supporting independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "iv-ər, -ar also US: BOH-liv-ar) and also colloquially as El Libertador, or the Liberator, was a Venezuelan military and political leader who led what are currently the countries of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama to independence from the Spanish Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Youth",
"text": "When Bolívar was fourteen, Don Simón Rodríguez was forced to leave the country after being accused of involvement in a conspiracy against the Spanish government in Caracas."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Republic of Bolivia",
"text": "Bolívar is thus one of the few people to have a country named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Dissolution of Gran Colombia",
"text": "Simón Bolívar Colombians! Today I cease to govern you."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Political legacy",
"text": "Bolívar disapproved of the excesses of \"party spirit\" and \"factions\", which led to an anti-political environment in Venezuela."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "Venezuela was proclaimed independent on 13 January 1830 and José Antonio Páez maintained the presidency of that country, banishing Bolivar."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Venezuela and New Granada, 1807–1821 | Liberation of New Granada and Venezuela, 1819–1821",
"text": "After the restoration of the Cádiz Constitution, Morillo ratified two treaties with Bolívar on 25 November 1820, calling for a six-month armistice and recognizing Bolívar as president of the republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Family history | Origin of Bolívar surname",
"text": "The surname Bolívar originated with aristocrats from La Puebla de Bolívar, a small village in the Basque Country of Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "Another factor could have been from the lack of political unity, but it is unclear what had led him to being pessimistic."
}
] |
Simón Bolívar led six countries to independence.
| 0 | 0 |
Simón Bolívar
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A survivor of the genocide, Dara Duong, founded The Killing Fields Museum in Seattle, Washington, US."
}
] |
Mzw2Q2uxsm2hr0dVLghl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Today, it is the site of a Buddhist memorial to the victims, and Tuol Sleng has a museum commemorating the genocide."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A survivor of the genocide, Dara Duong, founded The Killing Fields Museum in Seattle, Washington, US."
},
{
"section_header": "Process",
"text": "Inside the Buddhist Memorial Stupa at Choeung Ek, there is evidence of bayonets, knives, wooden clubs, hoes for farming and curved scythes being used to kill victims- with images of skulls, damaged by these implements, as evidence."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "If these are found, visitors are asked to notify a memorial park officer or guide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ethnic Vietnamese, ethnic Thai, ethnic Chinese, ethnic Cham, Cambodian Christians, and the Buddhist monkhood were the demographic targets of persecution."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "It is not uncommon to run across the bones or teeth of the victims scattered on the surface as one tours the memorial park."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The memorial park at Choeung Ek has been built around the mass graves of many thousands of victims, most of whom were executed after interrogation at the S-21 Prison in Phnom Penh."
}
] |
There is a Buddhist memorial located in Seattle.
| 0 | 0 |
The Killing Fields
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Inspired by a conversation on nostalgia with his American expatriate brother-in-law, Irving wrote the story while temporarily living in Birmingham, England."
}
] |
N0YDyfLCK0PqjIa7qwcR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Irving asked his brother Ebeneezer to assist with publication in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Rip Van Winkle\" is a short story by the American author Washington Irving, first published in 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "A boy who addresses him as \"Rip van Dinkle\" explains that during the past 80 years the United States has been replaced by an authoritarian monarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Video games",
"text": "He responds sarcastically, stating that he's Rip Van Winkle."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Cartoons and animated films",
"text": "Tales of Washington Irving, a one-hour animated television special from 1970, presented adaptations of \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" and \"Rip Van Winkle\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Music",
"text": "Numerous modern songs have been written whose lyrics retell the story, including the 1961 song \"Rip Van Winkle\" by The Devotions, the 2006 song \"Rip Van Winkle\" by Witch, and \"Kaatskill Serenade\" by David Bromberg."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Infrastructure",
"text": "The Rip Van Winkle Bridge carries New York State Route 23 over the Hudson River, connecting Catskill, New York and Hudson, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "\"Rip Van Winkle\" was one of the first stories Irving proposed for his new book, The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "Leave you sleeping in the dirt like your name was Rip Van.\" \"Mountain Music\" is a song written by Randy Owen, and recorded by the American country music band Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "While the story is set in New York's Catskill Mountains near where Irving later took up residence, he admitted, \"When I wrote the story, I had never been on the Catskills.\" \"Rip Van Winkle\" is set in the years before and after the American Revolutionary War in a village at the foot of New York's Catskill Mountains where Rip Van Winkle, a Dutch-American villager, lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Inspired by a conversation on nostalgia with his American expatriate brother-in-law, Irving wrote the story while temporarily living in Birmingham, England."
}
] |
Rip van Winkle by Washington Irving was not written in the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Rip van Winkle
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It advertised itself as \"a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman\"."
}
] |
N0l50pnDmF3CkEetTZxn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Further conventions",
"text": "Unlike the Seneca Falls convention, the Rochester convention took the controversial step of electing a woman, Abigail Bush, as its presiding officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "Stanton, however, had played a key role at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848, at which Stone had not been present."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Remembrances",
"text": "A stamp was issued in 1948 in remembrance of the Seneca Falls Convention, featuring Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Lucretia Mott as part of a Centennial Celebration in Seneca Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanton considered the Seneca Falls Convention to be the beginning of the women's rights movement, an opinion that was echoed in the History of Woman Suffrage, which Stanton co-wrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Remembrances",
"text": "The park consists of four major historical properties, including the Wesleyan Methodist Church, which was the site of the Seneca Falls Convention, Elizabeth Cady Stanton's home, and the M'Clintock House, which was where the Declaration of Sentiments, resolutions, and speeches were drawn up for the Seneca Falls Convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Afterward | Further conventions",
"text": "Because of the fame and drawing power of Lucretia Mott, who would not be staying in the Upstate New York area for much longer, some of the participants at Seneca Falls organized the Rochester Women's Rights Convention two weeks later in Rochester, New York with Lucretia Mott as its featured speaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Women's rights",
"text": "They talked once more in 1847, prior to Stanton moving from Boston to Seneca Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiography",
"text": "According to Lisa Tetrault, a professor of women's history, the Seneca Falls Convention was central to their rendition of the movement's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Women's rights",
"text": "The experiment failed. In the fall of 1841, Elizabeth Cady Stanton gave her first public speech, on the subject of the Temperance movement, in front of 100 women in Seneca Falls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It advertised itself as \"a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman\"."
}
] |
The Seneca Falls Convention was about rights of females.
| 1 | 3 |
Seneca Falls Convention
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Naked and the Dead is the debut novel by Norman Mailer, published in 1948 by Rinehart & Company."
}
] |
N0lvlSa0c3CDo9jizJoI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Later, Gore Vidal would write: My first reaction to The Naked and the Dead was: it’s a fake."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Naked and the Dead is the debut novel by Norman Mailer, published in 1948 by Rinehart & Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Later, Modern Library named The Naked and the Dead one of the top hundred novels in the English language."
},
{
"section_header": "Development | \"Fug\"",
"text": "The publishers of The Naked and the Dead prevented Mailer from using the word \"fuck\" in his novel and had to use the euphemism \"fug\" instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mailer believed The Naked and the Dead to be his most renowned work."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The first death in the novel introduces this theme into the narrative."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998 the Modern Library ranked The Naked and the Dead 51st on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "\" Mailer was convinced he brought this compassion to The Naked and the Dead, and it is what enabled a 25-year-old to write an incredible war novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Similarly, in The Naked and the Dead, Dalleson harps on pride in the outfit of the Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Publisher Bennett Cerf declared in 1948 \"only three novels published since the first of the year that were worth reading ... Cry, the Beloved Country, The Ides of March, and The Naked and the Dead.\"In"
}
] |
The Naked and the Dead is the author's first novel.
| 1 | 3 |
The Naked and the Dead
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Peter O'Toole in the title role with Alec Guinness playing Prince Faisal."
}
] |
N0nU7uIMUTlfSN1lq3LX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Marlon Brando was also offered the part, and Anthony Perkins and Montgomery Clift were briefly considered before O'Toole was cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Peter O'Toole as T. E. Lawrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Peter O'Toole in the title role with Alec Guinness playing Prince Faisal."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "However, he afterwards considered this his best film performance, saying in an interview: \"If I was to be judged by any one film performance, it would be my five minutes in Lawrence.\" Peter O'Toole once said that he learned more about screen acting from Ferrer than he could in any acting class."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Lean had seen O'Toole in The Day"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film's visuals, score, screenplay and performance by Peter O'Toole have all been common points of acclaim; the film as a whole is widely considered a masterpiece of world cinema and one of the greatest films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Pictures of Lawrence suggest also that O'Toole bore some resemblance to him, in spite of their considerable height difference."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Peter Burton as a Damascus sheik (uncredited) Kenneth Fortescue as Allenby's aide (uncredited) Harry Fowler as Corporal Potter (uncredited) Jack Hedley as a reporter (uncredited) Ian MacNaughton as Michael George Hartley, Lawrence's companion in O'Toole's first scene (uncredited) Henry Oscar as Silliam, Faisal's servant (uncredited) Norman Rossington as Corporal Jenkins (uncredited) John Ruddock as Elder Harith (uncredited) Fernando Sancho as the Turkish sergeant (uncredited) Stuart Saunders as the regimental sergeant major (uncredited)The crew consisted of over 200 people, with the cast and extras included this number would increase to over 1000 people working to make the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Michel Ray as Farraj. At the time, Ray was an up-and-coming Anglo-Brazilian actor who had previously appeared in several films, including Irving Rapper's"
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Hawkins became close friends with O'Toole during filming, and the two often improvised dialogue during takes to Lean's dismay."
}
] |
The cast includes Peter O'Toole not Marlon Brando.
| 0 | 3 |
Lawrence of Arabia (film)
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Four days after they met, Bench proposed, and they were married on February 21, 1975."
}
] |
N11RTzEsHTOop2cCFaQA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Once hailed as \"baseball's most-eligible bachelor,\" he shed that distinction before the 1975 season when he married Vickie Chesser, a toothpaste model who had previously dated Joe Namath."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Four days after they met, Bench proposed, and they were married on February 21, 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"I don't think either of us had any idea what marriage was really like.\" After returning to Manhattan, Chesser said, \"Johnny Bench is a great athlete, a mediocre everything else, and a true tragedy as a person.\"Before"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"I tried. I even hand-squeezed orange juice"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": ",\" Chesser told Phil Donahue in December 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Christmas 1987, Bench married Laura Cwikowski, an Oklahoma City model and aerobics instructor."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1970s",
"text": "In the NLCS, Cincinnati met a New York Mets team that won the NL East with an unimpressive 82–79 (.509) record, 16½ games behind the Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They broke up at the end of the season (Bench reportedly said to her, \"Now I'm done with two things I hate: baseball and you\"), divorcing after just 13 months."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career statistics",
"text": "Having huge hands (a famous photograph features him holding seven baseballs in his right hand), Bench also tended to block breaking balls in the dirt by scooping them with one hand instead of the more common and fundamentally proper way: dropping to both knees and blocking the ball using the chest protector to keep the ball in front."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career statistics",
"text": "He began using the mitt after a stint on the disabled list in 1966 for a thumb injury on his throwing hand."
}
] |
Johnny proposed to Vickie Chesser, who was a hand model, 3 months after they met.
| 2 | 3 |
Johnny Bench
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "March 20, 1984) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for four American League (AL) teams between 1912 and 1928, primarily the Cleveland Indians."
}
] |
N1FPbg7zUSc4GmMpkvZO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "He caught me for nine years in Cleveland and knew me"
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "On September 26, the two teams faced off, but Coveleski failed to make it past the third inning; the Yankees won 8–7 to ensure they won the pennant."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "In Game 7, the final one of the best-of-nine series, Coveleski threw a complete game shutout with five hits against fellow spitballer Burleigh Grimes; the 3–0 victory gave the Indians the first World Series championship in franchise history."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "In December 1924, after nine years pitching for Cleveland, Coveleski was traded to the Washington Senators for pitcher By Speece and outfielder Carr Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "On September 19, Coveleski pitched the only one-hitter of his career, a 2–0 road win over the New York Yankees; the only hit came from Fritz Maisel in the seventh inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "Coveleski helped the Indians to win the AL pennant and play in the 1920 World Series against the Brooklyn Robins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "March 20, 1984) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for four American League (AL) teams between 1912 and 1928, primarily the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Washington Senators and New York Yankees",
"text": "In Game 2, he faced Vic Aldridge in a pitcher's duel; the teams were tied at one apiece in the eighth inning, but a two-run home run by the Pirates' Kiki Cuyler led to a 3–2 loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His baseball career in Shamokin was short-lived; after five games, Coveleski relocated to Lancaster, Pennsylvania."
}
] |
Stan Coveleski birthplace is in Pennsylvania and was one of nine kids that was drafted by the Cleveland Indians, an AL team.
| 2 | 5 |
Stan Coveleski
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "Fame was the last musical film to be produced by MGM, before the studio merged with United Artists in 1981."
}
] |
N1lqHujVOsA6cYhD9u8s
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fame is a 1980 American teen musical drama film directed by Alan Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "Fame was the last musical film to be produced by MGM, before the studio merged with United Artists in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Fame was released nationwide on June 20, 1980, distributed by MGM through United Artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "Parker also enlisted his colleague Alan Marshall as a producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise | Remake",
"text": "In 2009, MGM and Lakeshore Entertainment produced a remake of Fame directed by Kevin Tancharoen, and written by Allison Burnett."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The motion picture soundtrack album for Fame was released in the United States on May 16, 1980, by RSO Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "In the United States and Canada, it grossed $21,202,829, and was the thirty-second highest-grossing film of 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise",
"text": "Fame – the Musical was the first professional production at the Coconut Grove Playhouse in Miami, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise",
"text": "The series was then renewed for first-run syndication, and four additional seasons were produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After he was hired to direct the film, Parker rewrote the script with Gore, aiming for a darker and dramatic tone."
}
] |
The 1980 film Fame directed by Alan Parker was the first musical produced by United Artists.
| 1 | 3 |
Fame (1980 film)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karl Goldmark (born Károly Goldmark, Keszthely, May 18, 1830 – Vienna, January 2, 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer."
}
] |
N23mIchFdKovyECZWLUh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark came from a large Jewish family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karl Goldmark (born Károly Goldmark, Keszthely, May 18, 1830 – Vienna, January 2, 1915) was a Hungarian-born Viennese composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark, however would ultimately distance himself because of Brahms' prickly personality."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "To make ends meet, Goldmark also pursued a side career as a music journalist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "His father, Ruben Goldmark, was a chazan (cantor) to the Jewish congregation at Keszthely, Hungary, where Karl was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Goldmark died in Vienna and is buried in the Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery), along with many other notable composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Among the musical influences Goldmark absorbed was the inescapable one, for a musical colorist, of Richard Wagner, whose anti-semitism stood in the way of any genuine warmth between them; in 1872 Goldmark took a prominent role in the formation of the Vienna Wagner Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark's nephew Rubin Goldmark (1872–1936), a pupil of Dvořák, was also a composer, who spent his career in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Goldmark was largely self-taught as a composer, and he supported himself in Vienna playing the violin in theatre orchestras, at the Carlstheater and the privately supported Viennese institution, the Theater in der Josefstadt."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "A second symphony in E-flat, Op. 35, is much less well-known. (Goldmark also wrote an early symphony in C major, between roughly 1858 and 1860."
}
] |
Goldmark was birthed in Austria.
| 0 | 0 |
Karl Goldmark
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Fitness and nutrition",
"text": "At the same time, with respect to balance, Lee maintained that mental and spiritual preparation are fundamental to the success of physical training in martial arts skills."
}
] |
N27bHuVpuNOrBpAf0EsS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Fitness and nutrition",
"text": "He later concluded that achieving a high-performance body was akin to maintaining the engine of a high-performance automobile."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Friends, students, and contemporaries",
"text": "a Jeet Kune Do instructor who teaches the main character in"
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1978 to 2019: Posthumous work",
"text": "Lee had also worked on several scripts himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1971 to 1973: Hong Kong films and Hollywood breakthrough",
"text": "According to these sources, the reason Lee was not cast was in part because of his ethnicity, but more so because he had a thick accent."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Poetry",
"text": "His martial arts and philosophy contribute a great part to his poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "To train for parts in action movies, she studied Jeet Kune Do with Ted Wong."
},
{
"section_header": "Fitness and nutrition",
"text": "Lee also avoided baked goods and refined flour, describing them as providing empty calories that did nothing for his body."
},
{
"section_header": "Fitness and nutrition",
"text": "Allegorically, as one could not keep a car running on low-octane fuels, one could not sustain one's body with a steady diet of junk food, and with \"the wrong fuel\", one's body would perform sluggishly or sloppily."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lee and his parents returned to Hong Kong when he was three months old."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On October 15, 2005, Chow stated in an interview that Lee died from an allergic reaction to the tranquilizer meprobamate, the main ingredient in Equagesic, which Chow described as an ingredient commonly used in painkillers."
},
{
"section_header": "Fitness and nutrition",
"text": "At the same time, with respect to balance, Lee maintained that mental and spiritual preparation are fundamental to the success of physical training in martial arts skills."
}
] |
Lee espoused his achievements to his honing of three main parts of himself: mind, body and soul.
| 0 | 0 |
Bruce Lee
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kelley's parents emigrated to the United States from Ireland, and he had five siblings."
}
] |
N29fn9vdFjWJDl1MeiTq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates and NL's Baltimore Orioles (1892–1898)",
"text": "Due to insolvency, the Brooklyn Superbas purchased the Orioles after the 1898 season and transferred Kelley, Hanlon, Keeler, Joe McGinnity, and Hughie Jennings to Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Kelley batted .322 for the Maple Leafs as a part-time player, spending time in left field and first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Brooklyn Superbas and AL's Baltimore Orioles (1899–1902)",
"text": "The Superbas won the NL pennant in 1899 and 1900, as Kelley finished tenth in RBI (93), OBP (.410), and tied several players for tenth in home runs (6) in 1899 and led the team with a .319 batting average in 1900, while finishing fourth in the league in SLG (.485), tying Hickman for seventh in RBI (91), and tying Jimmy Collins and Buck Freeman for tenth in home runs (6).Kelley moved back to the infield, becoming the regular first baseman in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Kelley and Dovey settled their case, freeing Kelley from the second year of his Doves contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Kelley joined the Reds on July 31.With rumors that Kelley was negotiating to become the Reds' manager, incumbent manager Bid McPhee resigned, and Kelley succeeded him."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates and NL's Baltimore Orioles (1892–1898)",
"text": "Hanlon mentioned that he \"had [his] eye on Kelley for a long time.\" Hanlon taught Kelley how to play center field."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career (1909–1926)",
"text": "Kelley and McGinnity were not retained after the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Kelley announced that he would play left field."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cincinnati Reds, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Boston Doves (1902–1908)",
"text": "Dovey fired Kelley in December 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career (1909–1926)",
"text": "Kelley scouted for the Yankees in 1915 and 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kelley's parents emigrated to the United States from Ireland, and he had five siblings."
}
] |
Joe Kelley is a first generation Italian-American.
| 2 | 6 |
Joe Kelley
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Like many other Chinese historical figures, Chiang used several names throughout his life."
}
] |
N2UXmVSQK6AmW6xU1wmS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Many public places in Taiwan are named Chungcheng after Chiang."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Like many other Chinese historical figures, Chiang used several names throughout his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "acquainted Chiang Kaishek with the Xidaotang jiaozhu Ma Mingren in 1941 in Chongqing."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "For many years passengers arriving at the Chiang Kai-shek International Airport were greeted by signs in Chinese welcoming them to the \"Chung Cheng International Airport\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "As the courtesy name is the name used by people of the same generation to address the person, Chiang soon became known under this new name."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Colloquially, the school name is called \"big name\" (大名), whereas the \"milk name\" is known as the \"small name\" (小名)."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "In the meantime, they used a \"milk name\" (乳名), given to the infant shortly after his birth and known only to the close family, thus the actual name that Chiang received at birth"
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "He is often called Honorable Chiang (蔣公) (without the title or space), or his name Chiang Chung-cheng, in Taiwan."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "Courtesy names in China often bore a connection with the personal name of the person."
},
{
"section_header": "Names",
"text": "His name is also written in Taiwan as \"The Late President Honorable Chiang\" (先總統 蔣公), where the one-character-wide space in front of his name known as nuo tai shows respect."
}
] |
Chiang Kai-shek had many names.
| 0 | 0 |
Chiang Kai-shek
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. (April 17, 1820 – July 12, 1892) was a founding member of the New York Knickerbockers Base Ball Club in the 1840s."
}
] |
N2jMXMfzW3DB6kFBQ9x1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jay Martin's Live All You Can: Alexander Joy Cartwright & the Invention of Modern Baseball supports Cartwright as the inventor of baseball, while Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend by"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Monica Nucciarone credits Cartwright as one of the game's pioneers but not its sole founder."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "One of the leaders of the overthrow movement was Lorrin A. Thurston, who played baseball with classmate Alexander Cartwright III at Punahou School."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "In Hawaii, sons Bruce Cartwright (1853–1919) and Alexander Joy Cartwright III (1855–1921) were born."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The 2004 discovery of a newspaper interview with fellow Knickerbocker founder William R. Wheaton cast doubt on Cartwright's role."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "Alexander Jr. had six siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "Cartwright was born in 1820 to Alexander Cartwright Sr. (1784–1855), a merchant sea captain, and Esther Rebecca Burlock Cartwright (1792–1871)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. (April 17, 1820 – July 12, 1892) was a founding member of the New York Knickerbockers Base Ball Club in the 1840s."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Although there is no question that Cartwright was a prominent figure in the early development of baseball, some students of baseball history have suggested that Henderson and others embellished Cartwright's role."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Cartwright Cup is awarded to the Hawaii state high school baseball champions each year."
}
] |
Alexander Cartwright was a founder of a professional baseball team.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander Cartwright
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Konark Sun Temple (Konark Surya Mandir) is a 13th-century CE Sun temple at Konark about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast from Puri on the coastline of Odisha, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The Arka refers to the Hindu sun god Surya."
}
] |
N2oVjWTS7JxDuVriPGPl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Konark in texts",
"text": "Konark, also referred to in Indian texts by the name Kainapara, was a significant trading port by the early centuries of the common era."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple was built from stone in the form of a giant ornamented chariot dedicated to the Sun god, Surya."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The name Konark derives from the combination of the Sanskrit words Kona (corner or angle) and Arka (the sun)."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The Arka refers to the Hindu sun god Surya."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Konark in texts",
"text": "The current Konark temple dates to the 13th century, though evidence suggests that a sun temple was built in the Konark area by at least the 9th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Other temples and monuments",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple complex has ruins of many subsidiary shrines and monuments around the main temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple has attracted conflicting reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Konark Sun Temple (Konark Surya Mandir) is a 13th-century CE Sun temple at Konark about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast from Puri on the coastline of Odisha, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "The Konark Sun Temple is located in an eponymous village (now NAC Area) about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of Puri and 65 kilometres (40 mi) southeast of Bhubaneswar on the Bay of Bengal coastline in the Indian state of Odisha."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Konark in texts",
"text": "Several Puranas mention Surya worship centers in Mundira, which may have been the earlier name for Konark, Kalapriya (Mathura), and Multan (now in Pakistan)."
}
] |
Konark Sun Temple is an Indian temple that received it name from a god.
| 0 | 0 |
Konark Sun Temple
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II, Miller's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel."
}
] |
N3cm4UIaMt5sxNWpXNzU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards, decorations and honors | Military awards and decorations | Bronze Star citation",
"text": "Major Miller constantly sought to increase the services rendered by his organization, and it was through him that the band was ordered to Paris to give this excellent entertainment to as many troops as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II, Miller's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction from musical peers",
"text": "Frank Sinatra's recording sessions from the late forties and early fifties use some Miller musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Success from 1938 to 1942 | Bluebird Records and Glen Island Casino",
"text": "According to author Gunther Schuller, the Glen Island performance attracted \"a record breaking opening night crowd of 1800... \" The band's popularity grew."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He also played for Victor Young, which allowed him to be mentored by other professional musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Success from 1938 to 1942 | Bluebird Records and Glen Island Casino",
"text": "In the spring of 1939, the band's fortunes improved with a date at the Meadowbrook Ballroom in Cedar Grove, New Jersey and more dramatically at the Glen Island Casino in New Rochelle, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "By the time he graduated from high school in 1921, he had decided to become a professional musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous events",
"text": "The festival's highlights include performances by the official Glenn Miller Orchestra under the direction of Nick Hilscher as well as numerous other jazz musicians, visits to the restored Miller home and the new Glenn Miller Birthplace Museum, historical displays from the Glenn Miller Archive at the University of Colorado, lectures and presentations about Miller's life, and a scholarship competition for young classical and jazz musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards, decorations and honors | Military awards and decorations | Bronze Star citation",
"text": "Major Miller, through excellent judgment and professional skill, conspicuously blended the abilities of the outstanding musicians, comprising the group, into a harmonious orchestra whose noteworthy contribution to the morale of the armed forces has been little less than sensational."
},
{
"section_header": "Civilian band legacy",
"text": "It had a makeup similar to the Army Air Forces Band: It included a large string section and, at least initially, about two-thirds of the musicians were alumni of either the civilian or AAF orchestras."
}
] |
Glen Miller is a musician who entertained troops.
| 1 | 3 |
Glenn Miller
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Iron Maiden song \"Rime of the Ancient Mariner\" from their fifth studio album Powerslave (1984) was inspired by and based on the poem, and quotes the poem in its lyrics."
}
] |
N3hmgyPbWru8NP4tl7Wc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Her name is a clue to the mariner's fate: he will endure a fate worse than death as punishment for his killing of the albatross."
},
{
"section_header": "Wordsworth's comments",
"text": "It therefore appeared to me that these several merits (the first of which, namely that of the passion, is of the highest kind) gave to the Poem a value which is not often possessed by better Poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (originally The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere) is the longest major poem by the English poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge, written in 1797–98 and published in 1798 in the first edition of Lyrical Ballads."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In addition to being referred to in several other notable works, due to the popularity of the poem the phrase \"albatross around one's neck\" has become an English-language idiom referring to \"a heavy burden of guilt that becomes an obstacle to success\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner relates the experiences of a sailor who has returned from a long sea voyage."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "\" Like the Iliad or Paradise Lost or any great historical product, the Rime is a work of transhistorical rather than so-called universal significance."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "Like The Divine Comedy or any other poem, the Rime is not valued or used always or everywhere or by everyone in the same way or for the same reasons."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The Iron Maiden song \"Rime of the Ancient Mariner\" from their fifth studio album Powerslave (1984) was inspired by and based on the poem, and quotes the poem in its lyrics."
}
] |
The Rime is also a name of a heavy metal title.
| 1 | 5 |
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Arkin has been married three times, with two ending in divorce."
}
] |
N3vRG4DJGhL95z9Mlhdl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "In 2006–2007, Arkin was cast in supporting roles in Rendition as a U.S. Senator and The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause as Bud Newman (Carol's Father)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alan Wolf Arkin (born March 26, 1934) is an American actor, director and screenwriter."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Arkin has been married three times, with two ending in divorce."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents moved to Los Angeles when Alan was 11, but an 8-month Hollywood strike cost his father his job as a set designer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Directing",
"text": "Based on a story of the same name he published in Galaxy Science Fiction in 1958, People Soup is a fantasy about two boys who experiment with various kitchen ingredients until they concoct a magical soup which transforms them into different animals and objects."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Directing",
"text": "The film opened to a lukewarm review by Roger Greenspan, and a more positive one by Vincent Canby in the New York Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "On receiving his Academy Award on February 25, 2007, Arkin said, \"More than anything, I'm deeply moved by the open-hearted appreciation our small film has received, which in these fragmented times speaks so openly of the possibility of innocence, growth, and connection\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Directing",
"text": "Roger Ebert's review in the Chicago Sun Times was more enthusiastic, saying, \"One of the reasons it works and is indeed a definitive reflection of America's darker moods, is that it breaks audiences down into isolated individuals, vulnerable and uncertain."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "David Arkin challenged the dismissal, but he was vindicated only after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1967, they had son Anthony (Tony) Dana Arkin."
}
] |
Alan Arkin has had 3 different wives and has been legally separated 3 times.
| 2 | 7 |
Alan Arkin
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Business interests",
"text": "On July 20, 2018, Wahlberg and his business partner, Jay Feldman, announced the purchase of Bobby Layman Chevrolet in Columbus, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Music",
"text": "Wahlberg first came to fame as the younger brother of Donnie Wahlberg of the successful boy band, New Kids on the Block."
}
] |
N4FwcYIYXv3qTGhgq70i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Business interests",
"text": "Wahlberg co-owns Wahlburgers with his brothers Donnie and Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Music",
"text": "Mark, at the age of 13, was one of the group's original members, along with Donnie, but quit after a few months."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Music",
"text": "Wahlberg first came to fame as the younger brother of Donnie Wahlberg of the successful boy band, New Kids on the Block."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Business interests",
"text": "The dealership was renamed Mark Wahlberg Chevrolet."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Business interests",
"text": "The deal became official on June 29, 2020 and also included Haydocy's Airstream & R/V dealership located next door at the car dealership's former Oldsmobile showroom."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Music",
"text": "The record, produced by brother Donnie, hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100, later becoming certified as a platinum single."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Business interests",
"text": "Due to the success of the dealership, local ABC affiliate WSYX reported in March 2020 that Haydocy Buick-GMC right across the street from Mark Wahlberg Chevrolet had filed paperwork with Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose to rename itself Mark Wahlberg Buick-GMC; Feldman later confirmed that he and Wahlberg were purchasing their second General Motors dealership in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Business interests",
"text": "Shortly afterward, Wahlberg & Feldman announced they were purchasing Jack Maxton Chevrolet in nearby Worthington, Ohio, their fourth Columbus area dealership, with plans to rename it Mark Wahlberg Chevrolet of Worthington."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": ", don't worry.' \" He issued a public apology after family members of those killed on the flight expressed outrage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wahlberg's father Donald was an Army veteran of the Korean War, and he died on February 14, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Business interests",
"text": "On July 20, 2018, Wahlberg and his business partner, Jay Feldman, announced the purchase of Bobby Layman Chevrolet in Columbus, Ohio."
}
] |
One of Mark Wahlberg's brother is a member of a popular band from the 90s and owns a car dealership.
| 1 | 4 |
Mark Wahlberg
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into a powerful Anglo-Irish Protestant landowning family, he was a land reform agitator, founder in 1879 of the Irish National Land League."
}
] |
N4OvHKzLGc6YSDggR0Vn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Charles Stewart Parnell was born in Avondale House, County Wicklow."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Stewart Parnell (27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish nationalist politician who served as Leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party from 1882 to 1891 and Leader of the Home Rule League from 1880 to 1882."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The family produced a number of notable figures, including Thomas Parnell (1679–1718), the Irish poet, and Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton (1776–1842), the Irish politician."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Charles Stewart Parnell possessed the remarkable attribute of charisma, was an enigmatic personality and politically gifted, and is regarded as one of the most extraordinary figures in Irish and British politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Thus, from birth, Charles Stewart Parnell possessed an extraordinary number of links to many elements of society; he was linked to the old Irish Parliamentary tradition via his great-grandfather and grandfather, to the American War of Independence via his grandfather, to the War of 1812 (where his grandfather Charles Stewart (1778–1869) had been awarded a gold medal by the United States Congress for gallantry in the U.S. Navy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career",
"text": "He subsequently sat for the constituency of Youghal, County Cork, from 1880 until 1891."
},
{
"section_header": "Political downfall | Divorce crisis",
"text": "The chief Catholic leader, Archbishop Walsh of Dublin, came under heavy pressure from politicians, his fellow bishops, and Cardinal Manning; Walsh finally declared against Parnell."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the third son and seventh child of John Henry Parnell (1811–1859), a wealthy Anglo-Irish Anglican landowner, and his American wife Delia Tudor Stewart (1816–1898) of Bordentown, New Jersey, daughter of the American naval hero, Admiral Charles Stewart (the stepson of one of George Washington's bodyguards)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Parnells of Avondale were descended from a Protestant English merchant family, which came to prominence in Congleton, Cheshire, early in the 17th century where as Baron Congleton two generations held the office of Mayor of Congleton before moving to Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Admiral Stewart's mother, Parnell's great-grandmother, belonged to the Tudor family, so Parnell had a distant relationship with the British Royal Family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born into a powerful Anglo-Irish Protestant landowning family, he was a land reform agitator, founder in 1879 of the Irish National Land League."
}
] |
Charles Stewart Parnell was an Irish politician that came from a poor family in Cork County.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Stewart Parnell
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry is best known for his six marriages, and, in particular, his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled."
}
] |
N4hAXiXsW4Pp0CKdxwtq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547."
},
{
"section_header": "Second invasion of France and the \"Rough Wooing\" of Scotland",
"text": "Henry now hoped to unite the crowns of England and Scotland by marrying his son Edward to James' successor, Mary."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage to Anne Boleyn",
"text": "Henry VIII promised the rebels he would pardon them and thanked them for raising the issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Annulment from Catherine",
"text": "Henry was married to Catherine for 25 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Wives, mistresses, and children",
"text": "English historian and House of Tudor expert David Starkey describes Henry VIII as a husband: What is extraordinary is that Henry was usually a very good husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage to Anne of Cleves",
"text": "However, it was not long before Henry wished to annul the marriage so he could marry another."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Emperor Maximilian I had been attempting to marry his granddaughter (and Catherine's niece) Eleanor to Henry"
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Finances",
"text": "Whereas Henry VII had not involved Parliament in his affairs very much, Henry VIII had to turn to Parliament during his reign for money, in particular for grants of subsidies to fund his wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage to Catherine Parr",
"text": "Henry married his last wife, the wealthy widow Catherine Parr, in July 1543."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and arms",
"text": "The meeting of Irish Parliament that proclaimed Henry VIII as King of Ireland was the first meeting attended by the Gaelic Irish chieftains as well as the Anglo-Irish aristocrats."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry is best known for his six marriages, and, in particular, his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled."
}
] |
Henry VIII of England was married twice.
| 1 | 3 |
Henry VIII of England
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Late twentieth century",
"text": "Perhaps more importantly, the outside perception of the city was changed making, by 2012, Barcelona the 12th most popular city destination in the world and the 5th amongst European cities."
}
] |
N5e7q3z4xUQW87p5jgXS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Late twentieth century",
"text": "Perhaps more importantly, the outside perception of the city was changed making, by 2012, Barcelona the 12th most popular city destination in the world and the 5th amongst European cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Roads and highways",
"text": "Barcelona lies on three international routes, including European route E15 that follows the Mediterranean coast, European route E90 to Madrid and Lisbon, and European route E09 to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | General information",
"text": "Furthermore, Barcelona was Europe's fourth best business city and fastest improving European city, with growth improved by 17% per year as of 2009.Barcelona"
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | General information",
"text": "Barcelona was recognised as the Southern European City of the Future for 2014/15, based on its economic potential, by FDi Magazine in their bi-annual rankings."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent history",
"text": "The development of Barcelona was promoted by two events in 1986: Spanish accession to the European Community, and particularly Barcelona's designation as host city of the 1992 Summer Olympics."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Seaport",
"text": "The Barcelona harbour is the leading European cruiser port and a most important Mediterranean turnaround base."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Airports",
"text": "The airport mainly serves domestic and European destinations, although some airlines offer destinations in Latin America, Asia and the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | General information",
"text": "The greater Barcelona metropolitan area had a GDP amounting to $177 billion (equivalent to $34,821 in per capita terms, 44% more than the EU average), making it the 4th most economically powerful city by gross GDP in the European Union, and 35th in the world in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Manufacturing sector",
"text": "The Barcelona metropolitan area had 67% of the total number of industrial establishments in Catalonia as of 1997.Barcelona has long been an important European automobile manufacturing centre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barcelona is a transport hub, with the Port of Barcelona being one of Europe's principal seaports and busiest European passenger port, an international airport, Barcelona–"
}
] |
It is an European city.
| 0 | 6 |
Barcelona
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Trojan Women was the third tragedy of a trilogy dealing with the Trojan War."
}
] |
N6JHwZxIhyBK7XgFOfJT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Trojan Women (Ancient Greek: Τρῳάδες, Trōiades), also translated as The Women of Troy, and also known by its transliterated Greek title Troades, is a tragedy by the Greek playwright Euripides."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Trojan Women was the third tragedy of a trilogy dealing with the Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Additional resources",
"text": "Mortal Women of the Trojan War, information on each of the Trojan women"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The second tragedy, Palamedes, dealt with Greek mistreatment of their fellow Greek Palamedes."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "Cypriot-Greek director Mihalis Kakogiannis used Euripides' play (in the famous Edith Hamilton translation) as the basis for his 1971 film The Trojan Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first tragedy, Alexandros, was about the recognition of the Trojan prince Paris who had been abandoned in infancy by his parents and rediscovered in adulthood."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "Charles L. Mee adapted The Trojan Women in 1994 to have a more modern, updated outlook on war."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At the end of the play it is revealed that she is still alive; moreover, the audience knows from Telemachus' visit to Sparta in Homer's Odyssey that Menelaus continued to live with Helen as his wife after the Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "What follows shows how much the Trojan women have suffered as their grief is compounded when the Greeks dole out additional deaths and divide their shares of women."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern Treatments and Adaptations",
"text": "In an attempt to reposition The Trojan Women as the third play of a trilogy, Stuttard then reconstructed Euripides’ lost Alexandros and Palamedes (in 2005 and 2006 respectively), to form a 'Trojan Trilogy', which was performed in readings at the British Museum and Tristan Bates Theatre (2007), and Europe House, Smith Square (2012), London."
}
] |
The Trojan Woman is a Greek tragedy by Euripides and the 2nd of 3 playwrights about the Trojan War.
| 1 | 5 |
The Trojan Women
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "yī líng yī ; stylized as TAIPEI 101), formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center (臺北國際金融中心), is a supertall skyscraper designed by C.Y. Lee and C.P. Wang in Xinyi, Taipei, Taiwan."
}
] |
N6jeu0cqzsP8wMCGQZ7z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Features | Structural design",
"text": "The Taipei 101 is designed to withstand typhoon winds and earthquake tremors that are common in the area in the east of Taiwan."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New Year's Eve fireworks displays",
"text": "2020 : Taipei 101 displayed a show with the theme of \"Light of Hope, Taiwan\", launching 16,000 fireworks at midnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "yī líng yī ; stylized as TAIPEI 101), formerly known as the Taipei World Financial Center (臺北國際金融中心), is a supertall skyscraper designed by C.Y. Lee and C.P. Wang in Xinyi, Taipei, Taiwan."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Structural design",
"text": "Because of the height of Taipei 101, combined with the surrounding area's geology—the building is located just 660 ft (200 m) away from a major fault line—Taipei 101 used high-performance steel construction and 36 columns, including eight \"mega-columns\" packed with 10,000 psi (69 MPa) concrete."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Taipei 101 (Chinese: 台北101; pinyin: Táiběi"
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Structural design",
"text": "Outrigger trusses, located at eight-floor intervals, connect the columns in the building's core to those on the exterior."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taipei 101 is owned by Taipei Financial Center Corporation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New Year's Eve fireworks displays",
"text": "Another popular location for crowds to gather to see the fireworks display is the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Events",
"text": "Important dates in the planning and construction of Taipei 101 include the following: Taipei 101 is the site of many special events."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Height",
"text": "Taipei 101 comprises 101 floors above ground, as well as 5 basement levels."
}
] |
Taipei 101 is located in Taiwan.
| 1 | 3 |
Taipei 101
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "In art, film and literature",
"text": "In 1973, Amar Chitra Katha released a graphic novel based on the life of Ashoka."
}
] |
N75wUtta3wgbCZbrEJHo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English: ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Legends about past lives",
"text": "Instead, the text claims that in another past life, Ashoka commissioned a large number of Buddha statues as a king, and this act of merit caused him to become a great emperor in the next life."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Ancestry",
"text": "Other sources, such as the Puranas and the Mahavamsa state that his father was the Mauryan emperor Bindusara, and his grandfather was Chandragupta – the founder of the Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ashoka's own inscriptions do not describe his early life, and much of the information on this topic comes from apocryphal legends written hundreds of years after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Date",
"text": "The exact date of Ashoka's birth is not certain, as the extant contemporary Indian texts did not record such details."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern scholarship | Perceptions and historiography",
"text": "For example, Amartya Sen writes, \"The Indian Emperor Ashoka in the third century BCE presented many political inscriptions in favor of tolerance and individual freedom, both as a part of state policy and in the relation of different people to each other\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In art, film and literature",
"text": "In 2002, Mason Jennings released the song \"Emperor Ashoka\" on his Living in the Moment EP."
},
{
"section_header": "In art, film and literature",
"text": "It is based on the life of Ashoka."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources of information",
"text": "Buddhist legends Much of the information about Ashoka comes from Buddhist legends, which present him as a great, ideal king."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Sons",
"text": "According to North Indian tradition, Ashoka had a son named Kunala."
},
{
"section_header": "In art, film and literature",
"text": "In 1973, Amar Chitra Katha released a graphic novel based on the life of Ashoka."
}
] |
Indian emperor Ashoka the Great never had a comic published about his life.
| 1 | 6 |
Asoka
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite his plans for Matilda, the King was succeeded by his nephew, Stephen of Blois, resulting in a period of civil war known as the Anarchy."
}
] |
N80xHONnUOBSYyHPqZCp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert, who invaded in 1101, disputed Henry's control of England; this military campaign ended in a negotiated settlement that confirmed Henry as king."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, 1068–1099 | Fall and rise, 1091–99",
"text": "By the end of the year, Robert and William Rufus had fallen out once again, and the Treaty of Rouen had been abandoned."
},
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Relations with the Church | Church and the King",
"text": "The matter was complicated by Henry's personal friendship with Thurstan, the Archbishop of York, and the King's desire that the case should not end up in a papal court, beyond royal control."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Taking the throne, 1100",
"text": "Henry argued that, unlike Robert, he had been born to a reigning king and queen, thereby giving him a claim under the right of porphyrogeniture."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Marriage to Matilda, 1100",
"text": "For Henry, marrying Matilda gave his reign increased legitimacy, and for Matilda, an ambitious woman, it was an opportunity for high status and power in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Later reign, 1107–35 | Rebellion, 1115–20",
"text": "Amaury de Montfort came to terms with Henry, but Henry and William Clito failed to find a mutually satisfactory compromise."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign, 1100–06 | Taking the throne, 1100",
"text": "Tempers flared, but Henry, supported by Henry de Beaumont and Robert of Meulan, held sway and persuaded the barons to follow him."
},
{
"section_header": "Later reign, 1107–35 | Planning the succession, 1125–34",
"text": "Much to the pleasure and relief of Henry, Matilda then gave birth to a sequence of two sons, Henry and Geoffrey, in 1133 and 1134."
},
{
"section_header": "Later reign, 1107–35 | Rebellion, 1115–20",
"text": "In the aftermath, Henry dispossessed the couple of almost all of their lands in Normandy."
},
{
"section_header": "Later reign, 1107–35 | Rebellion, 1115–20",
"text": "In the melee, Henry was hit by a sword blow, but his armour protected him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite his plans for Matilda, the King was succeeded by his nephew, Stephen of Blois, resulting in a period of civil war known as the Anarchy."
}
] |
Henry I's reign ended in turmoil.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry I of England
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was made into an Academy Award–winning film of the same name in 1945, starring Joan Crawford, and a 2011 Emmy Award–winning miniseries of the same name, starring Kate Winslet."
}
] |
N88Wt6yQHNHUZPFn8pLD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mildred Pierce is a 1941 hardboiled novel by James M. Cain."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1945",
"text": "\" These provisions made it impossible to film a literal depiction of the events in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1945",
"text": "In 1945, the novel was made into a film starring Joan Crawford, Eve Arden, Ann Blyth, Jack Carson, Bruce Bennett, Zachary Scott, and Lee Patrick."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Mildred's first and, later, her third husband Moire (\"Ray\") Pierce, Mildred's younger daughter"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was made into an Academy Award–winning film of the same name in 1945, starring Joan Crawford, and a 2011 Emmy Award–winning miniseries of the same name, starring Kate Winslet."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Mildred Pierce – a middle-class mother of two Bert Pierce –"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1945",
"text": "In the film, Mildred neither discovers them in bed nor injures Veda in any way."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1954",
"text": "An hour long radio play of the novel was first broadcast by the Lux Radio Theatre on the NBC Radio Network on 14th June 1954 starring Zachary Scott (also in the 1945 film) and Claire Trevor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "several months later, Veda reveals that her voice has healed and announces that she is moving to New York City with Monty."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Veda Pierce – Mildred's elder daughter"
}
] |
The 1941 novel Mildred Pierce was made into a film four years later.
| 0 | 0 |
Mildred Pierce
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nirvāṇa ( neer-VAH-nə, -VAN-ə, nur-; Sanskrit: निर्वाण nirvāṇa [nɪɽʋaːɳɐ]; Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally \"blown out\", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra."
}
] |
N8bbzdpeeYB7DzNVtGum
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "That is the eternal place, in view of all, but difficult of approach."
},
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "The terms moksa and nirvana are often used interchangeably in the Jain texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Manichaenism",
"text": "The term Nirvana (also mentioned is parinirvana) in the thirteenth or fourtheenth century Manichaean work \"The great song to Mani\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "Manichaenism",
"text": "\"The story of the Death of Mani\", referring to the realm of light."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "Nirvana (nibbana) literally means \"blowing out\" or \"quenching\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Brahma-nirvana in the Bhagavad Gita",
"text": "According to Mahatma Gandhi, the Hindu and Buddhist understanding of nirvana are different because the nirvana of the Buddhists is shunyata, emptiness, but the nirvana of the Gita means peace and that is why it is described as brahma-nirvana (oneness with Brahman)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "The ancient soteriological concept in Hinduism is moksha, described as the liberation from the cycle of birth and death through self-knowledge and the eternal connection of Atman (soul, self) and metaphysical Brahman."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "Moksha is derived from the root muc* (Sanskrit: मुच्) which means free, let go, release, liberate; Moksha means \"liberation, freedom, emancipation of the soul\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "It is the most used as well as the earliest term to describe the soteriological goal in Buddhism: release from the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra)."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Hence the original meaning of the word is \"blown out, extinguished\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nirvāṇa ( neer-VAH-nə, -VAN-ə, nur-; Sanskrit: निर्वाण nirvāṇa [nɪɽʋaːɳɐ]; Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally \"blown out\", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra."
}
] |
Nirvana means eternal and used in many religious groups.
| 1 | 2 |
Nirvana
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Esters usually have a sweet smell and are considered high-quality solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers."
}
] |
N9ZxCz7lEH1RQ9bTy1Lf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Preparation | Esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols",
"text": "Sulfuric acid is a typical catalyst for this reaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Preparation | Esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols",
"text": "H2OThe equilibrium constant for such reactions is about 5 for typical esters, e.g., ethyl acetate."
},
{
"section_header": "Preparation",
"text": "Esterification is the general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product."
},
{
"section_header": "Reactions | Reduction",
"text": "RCO2R′ + 2 H2 → RCH2OH + R′OHA typical catalyst is copper chromite."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "Esters can also be derived from inorganic acids."
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "Phosphoric acid forms phosphate esters"
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "carbonic acid forms carbonate esters, e.g. ethylene carbonateInorganic acids that exist as tautomers form diverse esters"
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": ", e.g. triphenylphosphate sulfuric acid forms sulfate esters, e.g., dimethylsulfate nitric acid forms nitrate esters,"
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "phosphorous acid forms two kinds of phosphite esters,"
},
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature | Inorganic esters",
"text": "HP(O)(OEt)2).Inorganic acids that are unstable or elusive form stable esters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Esters usually have a sweet smell and are considered high-quality solvents for a broad array of plastics, plasticizers, resins, and lacquers."
}
] |
Esters typically have a sour scent.
| 0 | 0 |
Ester
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Subject to a phishing attack",
"text": "In November 2007 a successful phishing attack on a Salesforce employee compromised contact information on a number of Salesforce customers, which was then used to send highly targeted phishing emails."
}
] |
N9p9xhlRzZ1YdJcAbKfh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Salesforce.com, inc. is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Subject to a phishing attack",
"text": "Salesforce has stated that \"a phisher tricked someone into disclosing a password, but this intrusion did not stem from a security flaw in [the salesforce.com] application or database.\" The phishing breach was cited as an example of why the CRM industry needs greater security for users against such threats as spam."
},
{
"section_header": "Salesforce Venture Capital",
"text": "Its five largest investments Domo (data-visualization software), SurveyMonkey (online survey software), Twilio (cloud-communication), Dropbox (cloud storage), and DocuSign (secure e-signature company) account for nearly half of its portfolio."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | ‘Meatpistol’ presenters let go at Def Con",
"text": "The terminated employees have continued to call on the company to open-source the software."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Salesforce",
"text": "The Salesforce customer portal provides customers the ability to track their own cases, includes a social networking plug-in that enables the user to join the conversation about their company on social networking Web sites, provides analytical tools and other services including email alert, Google search, and access to customers' entitlement and contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | ‘Meatpistol’ presenters let go at Def Con",
"text": "In 2017 at Def Con, Salesforce's Director of Offensive Security and a security engineer were fired on the conference room floor in front of several other attendees by an executive at the company after giving a talk."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Subject to a phishing attack",
"text": "In November 2007 a successful phishing attack on a Salesforce employee compromised contact information on a number of Salesforce customers, which was then used to send highly targeted phishing emails."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company was founded in 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez as a software as a service (SaaS) company."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Retired or end-of-life | Desk.com",
"text": "After being acquired by Salesforce.com for $50 million in 2011 Assistly was re-branded as Desk.com in 2012 as a customer support software."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Work.com",
"text": "The company was formed in May 2008 and their client list included Mozilla, Facebook, LinkedIn and the Gilt Groupe."
}
] |
The American cloud-based software company Salesforce.com had a security breach that included customer passwords in 2007.
| 0 | 4 |
Salesforce.com
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of July 23, 2020, Knight was ranked by Forbes as the 26th richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$39.2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other projects",
"text": "In December 2016, Knight disclosed that he had gifted $112 million in Nike stock to charity."
}
] |
NALF106iMRd8SXKXyXKb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has donated over $2 billion to the three institutions."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other projects",
"text": "In December 2016, Knight disclosed that he had gifted $112 million in Nike stock to charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Nike Inc.",
"text": "By the end of the meeting, Knight had secured Tiger distribution rights for the western United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Phil Knight serves as Chairman."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other projects",
"text": "In recognition, the university renamed the organization the \"OHSU Knight Cancer Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Post-Nike CEO role",
"text": "In September 2017, Knight decided to come out of retirement to put black back in the UNC jerseys for the Phil Knight Classic in Portland, Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Controversy",
"text": "Following the dissolved relationship between the university and the WRC, Knight reinstated the donation and increased the amount to over US$50 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Phil Knight was born in Portland, Oregon to Bill Knight, a lawyer turned newspaper publisher, and his wife, Lota (Hatfield) Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Other projects",
"text": "In October 2008, Knight and his wife pledged US$100 million to the OHSU Cancer Institute, the largest gift in the history of Oregon Health & Science University."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | University of Oregon | Oregon Ducks",
"text": "Named after Knight's deceased son, the venue replaced the McArthur Court building and cost over US$200 million to build."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of July 23, 2020, Knight was ranked by Forbes as the 26th richest person in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$39.2 billion."
}
] |
Phil Knight has distributed over half of his Nike earnings to charity and institutions.
| 2 | 3 |
Phil Knight
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early political involvement",
"text": "As a soldier, Mobutu wrote pseudonymously on contemporary politics for Actualités Africaines (African News), a magazine set up by a Belgian colonial."
},
{
"section_header": "One-man rule",
"text": "Early in his rule, Mobutu consolidated power by publicly executing political rivals, secessionists, coup plotters, and other threats to his rule."
}
] |
NAatZdKIICpkW4roRVIL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mobutu Sese Seko Kuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (; born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu; 14 October 1930 – 7 September 1997) was a Congolese politician and military officer who was the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and later Zaire from 1965 to 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "One-man rule",
"text": "Early in his rule, Mobutu consolidated power by publicly executing political rivals, secessionists, coup plotters, and other threats to his rule."
},
{
"section_header": "One-man rule",
"text": "In the 1996 documentary of the 1974 Foreman-Ali fight in Zaire, dancers receiving the fighters can be heard chanting \"Sese Seko, Sese Seko\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books | French",
"text": "F. Maspero. ISBN 2-7071-1075-2 Mobutu Sese Seko."
},
{
"section_header": "One-man rule",
"text": "Mobutu later gave up torture and murder, and switched to a new tactic, buying off political rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Authenticity campaign",
"text": "Western attire and ties were banned, and men were forced to wear a Mao-style tunic known as an abacost (shorthand for à bas le costume, or \"down with the suit\").In 1972, in accordance with his own decree of a year earlier, Mobutu renamed himself Mobutu Sese Seko Nkuku Ngbendu Wa Za Banga (meaning \"The all-powerful warrior who, because of his endurance and inflexible will to win, goes from conquest to conquest, leaving fire in his wake.\"), or Mobutu Sese Seko for short."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Books | French",
"text": "Chomé, Jules. L'ascension de Mobutu: Du sergent Désiré Joseph au général Sese Seko."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To consolidate his power, he established the Popular Movement of the Revolution as the sole legal political party in 1967, changed the Congo's name to Zaire in 1971, and his own name to Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early political involvement",
"text": "Mobutu eventually became Lumumba's personal aide."
},
{
"section_header": "One-man rule",
"text": "Most of the money was siphoned off to Mobutu, his family, and top political and military leaders."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early political involvement",
"text": "As a soldier, Mobutu wrote pseudonymously on contemporary politics for Actualités Africaines (African News), a magazine set up by a Belgian colonial."
}
] |
Mobutu Sese Seko was a soldier who later became a leader by eliminating his rivals publicly.
| 2 | 4 |
Mobutu Sese Seko
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The St. Louis Cardinals selected Simmons in the first round, with the tenth overall selection, of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft."
}
] |
NB2g0dWmt0Ql5I2CtRRv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ted Lyle Simmons (born August 9, 1949) is an American former professional baseball player and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The St. Louis Cardinals selected Simmons in the first round, with the tenth overall selection, of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A switch-hitter, Simmons was a catcher for most of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the St. Louis Cardinals (1968–80), the Milwaukee Brewers (1981–85) and the Atlanta Braves (1986–88)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball executive and coaching career",
"text": "He was named the bench coach for the Milwaukee Brewers starting with the 2008 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The Brewers clinched the American League Eastern Division title, then defeated the California Angels in the 1982 American League Championship Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball executive and coaching career",
"text": "He also was Director of Player Development for both the Cardinals and San Diego Padres, and a scout at the Major League level for the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "In his book, The Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, baseball historian Bill James ranked Simmons 10th all-time among major league catchers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons' refusal and the ensuing feud with Herzog led to him being traded along with Rollie Fingers and Pete Vuckovich to the Milwaukee Brewers for Sixto Lezcano, Lary Sorensen, Dave LaPoint and David Green at the 1980 Winter Meetings on December 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons attended Southfield High School in Southfield, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit, and graduated in 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He made his professional debut in the Gulf Coast League, where he batted 7-for-20 (.350), before the Cardinals promoted him to the Cedar Rapids Cardinals of the Class A Midwest League."
}
] |
Ted Lyle Simmons is an American former professional baseball player the Milwaukee Brewers drafted with the 3rd selection, of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Simmons
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos."
}
] |
NBAhE5UoB3L06bGlPwU5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "Raines was caught stealing for the first time in 1981, after having begun his career with a major league record 27 consecutive successful stolen bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recovery and return",
"text": "Raines returned to the major league club on August 22."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Post-Expos career",
"text": "In his first season in the American League, Raines hit for a .268 average but with a .359 on-base percentage; he was second on the team in runs scored as the White Sox finished the season in second place in the American League Western Division."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "After debuting with six games as a pinch runner in 1979, he played briefly as a second baseman for the Expos in 1980 but soon switched to playing the outfield, and rapidly became a fan favorite due to his aggressiveness on the basepaths."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "His 1,966 games in left field ranked seventh in major league history when he retired."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "The Montreal Expos selected Raines in the fifth round of the 1977 Major League Baseball draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career",
"text": "He was promoted to the major league team in 2004 and was present for the Expos' final games as a Montreal franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "In his first game back, on May 2, facing the Mets, although Raines had not participated in spring training or any other competitive preparation for the season, he hit the first pitch he saw off the right-field wall for a triple."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Raines stole at least 70 bases in each of his first six full seasons (1981–1986), leading the National League in stolen bases each season from 1981 to 1984, with a career high of 90 steals in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics | Expos records",
"text": "Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 (75) Led the National League in stolen bases in 1982 (78) and 1983 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 (75) Led the National League in stolen bases in 1982 (78) and 1983 (90) Led the major leagues in runs scored in 1983 (133) and 1987 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 (75) Led the National League in stolen bases in 1982 (78) and 1983 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the National League in on-base percentage in 1986 (.413) Led the major leagues in stolen bases in 1981 (71) and 1984 (75) Led the National League in stolen bases in 1982 (78) and 1983 (90) Led the major leagues in runs scored in 1983 (133) and 1987 (123) Led the National League for times on base in 1983 (282), 1984 (281), and 1986 (274) Led the National League in outfield assists in 1983 (21) Tied for the National League lead in double plays by an outfielder in 1985 (4) Reference: Montreal Expos Batting Leaders from baseball-reference.com Single-season record for plate appearances (731 in 1982) Single-season record for runs (133 in 1983) Career record for runs (947) Single-season record for triples (13 in 1985) ; shared with Rodney Scott and Mitch Webster"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played as a left fielder in Major League Baseball for six teams from 1979 to 2002 and was best known for his 13 seasons with the Montreal Expos."
}
] |
Tim Raines was a major league first baseman.
| 0 | 0 |
Tim Raines
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ancestry and early life",
"text": "His father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, died three months before his birth."
}
] |
NC8vmS8rtnxowz0CAz2n
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ancestry and early life",
"text": "He died in Carmarthen Castle, three months before Henry was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry and early life",
"text": "His father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, died three months before his birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "His mother survived him but died two months later on 29 June 1509."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "In 1502, Henry VII's life took a difficult and personal turn in which many people he was close to died in quick succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "Catherine's mother Isabella I of Castile had died and Catherine's sister Joanna had succeeded her; Catherine was, therefore, daughter of only one reigning monarch and so less desirable as a spouse for Henry VII's heir-apparent."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years and death",
"text": "Immediately afterwards, Henry became very sick and nearly died himself, allowing only Margaret Beaufort, his mother, near him: \"privily departed to a solitary place, and would that no man should resort unto him.\" Worse still, Henry's older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to the King of Scotland, James IV, and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Economics",
"text": "For most of Henry VII's reign Edward Story was Bishop of Chichester."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry and early life",
"text": "Henry VII was born at Pembroke Castle on 28 January 1457 to Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry and early life",
"text": "One of their sons was Edmund Tudor, father of Henry VII."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Foreign policy",
"text": "Henry VII's policy was both to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity."
}
] |
Henry VII's father died only three months before he was born.
| 1 | 1 |
Henry VII of England
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Juan Marichal was born on October 20, 1937, in the small farming village of Laguna Verde, Dominican Republic, the youngest of Francisco and Natividad Marichal's four children."
}
] |
NCVQD5ISh3UqsaYLWulg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | The Greatest Game Ever Pitched",
"text": "The game, almost the innings-duration of two contests, lasted only 4 hours, 10 minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Juan Marichal was born on October 20, 1937, in the small farming village of Laguna Verde, Dominican Republic, the youngest of Francisco and Natividad Marichal's four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 2015 the Estadio Quisqueya in his home country was renamed Quisqueya stadium Juan Marichal after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Juan Antonio Marichal Sánchez (born October 20, 1937) (nicknamed The Dominican Dandy) is a Dominican former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | 1970–1975",
"text": "However, Marichal's 1975 didn't last long; he was lit up for nine runs, 11 hits and a 13.50 ERA in only two starts before retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Roseboro incident",
"text": "Marichal won in his first game back, 2–1 vs. the Astros on September 9 (the same day Koufax pitched his perfect game vs. the Cubs), but lost his last three decisions as the Giants slumped in the season's final week."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Roseboro incident",
"text": "Marichal later said he thought Roseboro was about to attack him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marichal was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Every weekend, Marichal played the sport with his brother and friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Roseboro incident",
"text": "Instead, Marichal was startled when, after the second pitch, Roseboro's return throw to Koufax either brushed his ear or came close enough for Marichal to feel the breeze off the ball."
}
] |
Juan Marichal was the last of 4 children.
| 0 | 0 |
Juan Marichal
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "There she is mistreated by all but her elder cousin Edmund."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Fanny Price, at age ten, is sent from her impoverished home in Portsmouth to live as one of the family at Mansfield Park, the country estate of her uncle, Sir Thomas Bertram."
}
] |
NCmnzYKFUYZVAUUaSqIx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Fanny Price Fanny is the niece of the family at Mansfield Park, with the status of a dependent poor relation."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Sir Thomas Bertram, baronet The husband of Fanny's aunt, owner of the Mansfield Park estate and one in Antigua."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatre at Mansfield Park | Acting",
"text": "Later still, in reading Henry VIII aloud to Lady Bertram, Henry effectively impersonates one character after another, even impressing the reluctant Fanny with his skill."
},
{
"section_header": "Slavery and Mansfield Park | Does Mansfield Park endorse slavery?",
"text": "Fanny Price reminds her cousin that after asking Sir Thomas about the slave trade, \"there was such a dead silence\" as to suggest that one world could not be connected with the other since there simply is no common language for both."
},
{
"section_header": "Theatre at Mansfield Park | Acting",
"text": "At the first suggestion of a theatre at Mansfield Park, Henry, for whom theatre was a new experience, declared he could undertake \"any character that ever was written\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Baddeley The Mansfield Park butler."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Fanny Price, at age ten, is sent from her impoverished home in Portsmouth to live as one of the family at Mansfield Park, the country estate of her uncle, Sir Thomas Bertram."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Mrs Price Mrs Price Born Frances (Fanny) Ward, Fanny's mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Opinions about Fanny Price | Feminist irony",
"text": "Many have missed the feminist irony of the character of Fanny."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Dr Grant Incumbent of the Mansfield Park parsonage after Mr Norris dies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "There she is mistreated by all but her elder cousin Edmund."
}
] |
In Mansfield Park, the character of Fanny Price has only one relative at Mansfield Park who is nice to her.
| 0 | 0 |
Mansfield Park
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Greek Karkhēdōn (Καρχηδών) and Etruscan *Carθaza) from the Punic qrt-ḥdšt (𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕) \"new city\", implying it was a \"new Tyre\"."
}
] |
NCuS6jj9GXH11zCRNB2C
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The Latin adjective pūnicus, meaning \"Phoenician\", is reflected in English in some borrowings from Latin—notably the Punic Wars and the Punic language."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient history",
"text": "Greek cities contested with Carthage for the Western Mediterranean culminating in the Sicilian Wars and the Pyrrhic War over Sicily, while the Romans fought three wars against Carthage, known as the Punic Wars, \"Punic\" meaning \"Phoenician\" in Latin, as Carthage was a Phoenician colony grown into a kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Constitution of state",
"text": "Later the 104 would come to evaluate not only army generals but other office holders as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cutting the skin into strips, she laid out her claim and founded an empire that would become, through the Punic Wars, the only existential threat to Rome until the coming of the Vandals several centuries later."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Layout",
"text": "The Punic Carthage was divided into four equally sized residential areas with the same layout, had religious areas, market places, council house, towers, a theater, and a huge necropolis; roughly in the middle of the city stood a high citadel called the Byrsa."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary sources",
"text": "Most ancient literature concerning Carthage comes from Greek and Roman sources as Carthage's own documents were destroyed by the Romans."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Society and Local Economy",
"text": "A 28-volume work on agriculture written in Punic by Mago, a retired army general (c. 300), was translated into Latin and later into Greek."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancient history | Roman Carthage",
"text": "By 122 BC, Gaius Gracchus founded a short-lived colony, called Colonia Iunonia, after the Latin name for the Punic goddess Tanit, Iuno Caelestis."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary sources",
"text": "Few Punic texts survive, however.\" Few Punic texts survive, however.\" Once \"the City Archives, the Annals, and the scribal lists of suffets\" existed, but evidently these were destroyed in the horrific fires during the Roman capture of the city in 146 BC.Yet some Punic books (Latin: libri punici) from the libraries of Carthage reportedly did survive the fires."
},
{
"section_header": "Topography, Layout, and Society | Society and Local Economy",
"text": "The original and both translations have been lost; however, some of Mago's text has survived in other Latin works."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Greek Karkhēdōn (Καρχηδών) and Etruscan *Carθaza) from the Punic qrt-ḥdšt (𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕) \"new city\", implying it was a \"new Tyre\"."
}
] |
It comes from the Latin adjective punic and roughly means "new city".
| 0 | 0 |
Carthage
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He then serves the Galactic Empire as its chief enforcer until he ultimately redeems himself by saving his son, Luke Skywalker, and killing Palpatine, sacrificing his own life in the process."
}
] |
NCz734d36s7mS8GaMQ0y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Legends | Books",
"text": "The Glove of Darth Vader (1992)."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Television series | The Clone Wars (2008–2014, 2020)",
"text": "Throughout the series there are several references to Anakin's eventual fall to the dark side, such as the time he experiences a vision of his future as Darth Vader in the third season, or when he begins to become disillusioned with the Jedi Council after Ahsoka leaves the Jedi Order upon being wrongly accused of bombing the Jedi Temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Characteristics",
"text": "In particular, Bui points to Anakin's abandonment issues and uncertainty over his identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Legends | Comics",
"text": "Vader-centric comics released and set just after Revenge of the Sith include Dark Times (2006–2013), Darth Vader and the Lost Command (2011), and Darth Vader and the Ghost Prison (2012)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Darth Vader is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Concept and writing",
"text": "He also saw that the prequels could form the beginning of one long story that started with Anakin's childhood and ended with his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances | Skywalker saga | Prequel trilogy",
"text": "Anakin then pledges himself to the Sith, and Palpatine dubs him Darth Vader."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Many films and television series have paid homage to Darth Vader."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "Brock Peters provided the voice of Darth Vader in the NPR/USC radio series."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation and development | Portrayals",
"text": "Matt Sloan, who appeared in the YouTube parody Chad Vader, provided the voice of Darth Vader in The Force Unleashed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He then serves the Galactic Empire as its chief enforcer until he ultimately redeems himself by saving his son, Luke Skywalker, and killing Palpatine, sacrificing his own life in the process."
}
] |
Darth Vader is Anakin's daddy.
| 0 | 0 |
Darth Vader
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority states' rights in politics."
}
] |
ND3DOAjx9U4YBhz7uaNe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "The USS John C. Calhoun, in commission from 1963 to 1994, was a Fleet Ballistic Missile nuclear submarine."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "In 1910, the state of South Carolina gave a statue of John C. Calhoun to the National Statuary Hall Collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "In June 2020, Clemson University removed John C. Calhoun's name from Clemson University Calhoun Honors College, renaming it to Clemson University Honors College."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | Nullification",
"text": "A bill sponsored by the administration had been introduced by Representative Gulian C. Verplanck of New York, but it lowered rates more sharply than Clay and other protectionists desired."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | Resignation",
"text": "On December 28, Calhoun resigned as vice president to become a senator, with a voice in the debates."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | Resignation",
"text": "Biographer John Niven argues \"that these moves were part of a well-thought-out plan whereby Hayne would restrain the hotheads in the state legislature and Calhoun would defend his brainchild, nullification, in Washington against administration stalwarts and the likes of Daniel Webster, the new apostle of northern nationalism.\" Calhoun was the first of two vice presidents to resign, the second being Spiro Agnew in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | 1824 and 1828 elections and Adams presidency",
"text": "Other states soon followed, and Calhoun therefore allowed himself to become a candidate for vice president rather than president."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | 1824 and 1828 elections and Adams presidency",
"text": "Calhoun thus became the second of two vice presidents to serve under two different presidents."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Appointment and the Annexation of Texas",
"text": "When Harrison died in 1841 after a month in office, Vice President John Tyler succeeded him."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | 1824 and 1828 elections and Adams presidency",
"text": "The Electoral College elected Calhoun vice president by a landslide on 1 December 1824."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is remembered for strongly defending slavery and for advancing the concept of minority states' rights in politics."
}
] |
John C. Calhoun was a pro-slavery vice president.
| 3 | 4 |
John C. Calhoun
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their feud came to a climax in court, where Wilde's homosexuality was revealed to the Victorian public and he was sentenced to imprisonment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite the play's early success, Wilde's notoriety caused the play to be closed after 86 performances."
}
] |
NDht5jXwRfXQDnQWGiUs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Parker's adaptation includes the dunning solicitor Mr. Gribsby who pursues \"Ernest\" to Hertfordshire (present in Wilde's original draft, but cut at the behest of the play's first producer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II: The Garden of the Manor House, Woolton",
"text": "Gwendolen now enters, having run away from home."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite the play's early success, Wilde's notoriety caused the play to be closed after 86 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Critical reception",
"text": "Though unsure of Wilde's seriousness as a dramatist, they recognised the play's cleverness, humour and popularity with audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Importance of Being Earnest, A Trivial Comedy for Serious People is a play by Oscar Wilde."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Premiere",
"text": "Nevertheless, he continued harassing Wilde, who eventually launched a private prosecution against the peer for criminal libel, triggering a series of trials ending in Wilde's imprisonment for gross indecency."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some contemporary reviews praised the play's humour and the culmination of Wilde's artistic career, while others were cautious about its lack of social messages."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Revivals",
"text": "Broadway revivals were mounted in 1902 and again in 1910, each production running for six weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | First edition",
"text": "Wilde's name did not appear on the cover, it was \"By the Author of"
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Revivals",
"text": "The play returned to the West End when Alexander presented a revival at the St James's in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their feud came to a climax in court, where Wilde's homosexuality was revealed to the Victorian public and he was sentenced to imprisonment."
}
] |
The play's first run ended due to Oscar Wilde's gambling debts.
| 3 | 3 |
The Importance of Being Earnest
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Don Rickles intended to reprise his role as Mr. Potato Head, but died in April 2017, before any lines were recorded as the script was still being rewritten."
}
] |
NE8jQycSPFjUEGsEjv7Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Most of the previous voice actors, including Tom Hanks and Tim Allen, signed on to reprise their roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Don Rickles intended to reprise his role as Mr. Potato Head, but died in April 2017, before any lines were recorded as the script was still being rewritten."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\" Tom Hanks and Tim Allen had tentatively signed on to reprise their roles of Woody and Buzz; Hanks stated the following year that he believed Pixar was working on a sequel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Annie Potts, Joan Cusack, Don Rickles (via archive recordings), Wallace Shawn, John Ratzenberger, Estelle Harris, Blake Clark, Bonnie Hunt, Jeff Garlin, Kristen Schaal and Timothy Dalton reprise their character roles from the first three films."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Allen said that the film's story was \"so emotional\" that he \"couldn't even get through the last scene.\" Similarly, Tom Hanks said that the film's ending scene was a \"moment in history.\" On January 30, 2019, Hanks and Allen finished recording their characters' voices."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is dedicated to Rickles and animator Adam Burke, who died on April 6, 2017 and October 8, 2018, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Hanks stated in May 2016 that he had recorded his first lines for Woody."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "On March 22, 2019, Madeleine McGraw, who had previously voiced Maddy McGear in Pixar's Cars 3, was revealed to be voicing Bonnie, who was voiced by Emily Hahn in the previous film and other works."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Hale has performed roles before with similar panicked characters, including Buster Bluth on Arrested Development and Gary Walsh on Veep."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "The first teaser trailer, which introduced Forky, as well as his voice actor Tony Hale, along with the official teaser poster, were released on November 12, 2018."
}
] |
Most of the previous voice actors, including Tom Hanks and Tim Allen signed on to reprise their roles but sadly, Don Rickles, the voice of Mr. Potato Head, died in April 2017, before any lines were recorded.
| 0 | 0 |
Toy Story 4
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1912–31: Early years",
"text": "In 1930 he dropped out, having come to believe that \"college was of no use to a writer\" after an incident described in the 1991 autobiographical statement: I was shocked at college to see one hundred of my classmates in the library all reading copies of the same book."
}
] |
NE9UAssvW4iqdLmoANZw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1912–31: Early years",
"text": "Cage enrolled at Pomona College in Claremont as a theology major in 1928."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1937–49: Modern dance and Eastern influences",
"text": "They became close, lifelong friends, and Cage later dedicated part of his Music for Piano and his monumental piano cycle Etudes Australes to her."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1912–31: Early years",
"text": "In 1930 he dropped out, having come to believe that \"college was of no use to a writer\" after an incident described in the 1991 autobiographical statement: I was shocked at college to see one hundred of my classmates in the library all reading copies of the same book."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1931–36: Apprenticeship",
"text": "By 1933 Cage decided to concentrate on music rather than painting."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1931–36: Apprenticeship",
"text": "Cage studied with Schoenberg in California: first at USC and then at UCLA, as well as privately."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1937–49: Modern dance and Eastern influences",
"text": "After she learned that Cage secured another concert, at the Museum of Modern Art, Guggenheim withdrew all support, and, even after the ultimately successful MoMA concert, Cage was left homeless, unemployed and penniless."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1960s: Fame",
"text": "The majority of his students had little or no background in music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1937–49: Modern dance and Eastern influences",
"text": "The latter was to become Cage's lifelong romantic partner and artistic collaborator."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In a 1957 lecture, Experimental Music, he described music as \"a purposeless play\" which is \"an affirmation of life – not an attempt to bring order out of chaos nor to suggest improvements in creation, but simply a way of waking up to the very life we're living\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1969–87: New departures",
"text": "Overall, Cheap Imitation marked a major change in Cage's music: he turned again to writing fully notated works for traditional instruments, and tried out several new approaches, such as improvisation, which he previously discouraged, but was able to use in works from the 1970s, such as Child of Tree (1975)."
}
] |
John Cage learned to play the piano in California and later decided to become a theology major only to drop out.
| 0 | 0 |
John Cage
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Books",
"text": "Impassioned for Freedom: Uganda, Struggle Against Idi Amin (2006) by Eriya Kategaya Confessions of Idi Amin: The chilling, explosive expose of Africa's most evil man"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Popularly known as the \"Butcher of Uganda\", he is considered one of the cruellest despots in world history."
}
] |
NFmMh2aetA18hMFMJLZz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Music and audio",
"text": "It was a British comedy album parodying Ugandan dictator Idi Amin, released in 1975 on Transatlantic Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Erratic behaviour, self-bestowed titles and media portrayal",
"text": "Other commentators even suggested that Amin had deliberately cultivated his eccentric reputation in the foreign media as an easily parodied buffoon in order to defuse international concern over his administration of Uganda."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Music and audio",
"text": "\"Springtime in Uganda\" (2004) by Blaze Foley (posthumous release) The Collected Broadcasts of Idi Amin (1975) based on The Collected Bulletins of President Idi Amin (1974) and Further Bulletins of President Idi Amin (1975) by Alan Coren, portraying Amin as an amiable, if murderous, buffoon in charge of a tin-pot dictatorship."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Books",
"text": "Impassioned for Freedom: Uganda, Struggle Against Idi Amin (2006) by Eriya Kategaya Confessions of Idi Amin: The chilling, explosive expose of Africa's most evil man"
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Books",
"text": "I Love Idi Amin: The Story of Triumph under Fire in the Midst of Suffering and Persecution in Uganda (1977) by Festo Kivengere"
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Film and television dramatisations",
"text": "Mississippi Masala (1991), a film depicting the resettlement of an Indian family after the expulsion of Asians from Uganda by Idi Amin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Idi Idi Amin Dada Oumee (; c. 1925 – 16 August 2003) was a Ugandan military officer who served as the President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Film and television dramatisations",
"text": "Rise and Fall of Idi Amin (1981), a film recreating Idi Amin's atrocities."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Music and audio",
"text": "\"Idi Amin\" (1978) by Mighty Sparrow"
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Music and audio",
"text": "\"Idi Amin\" (1978) by Black Randy and the Metrosquad"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Popularly known as the \"Butcher of Uganda\", he is considered one of the cruellest despots in world history."
}
] |
Idi Amin is remembered as a very kind and benevolent president of Uganda who was often parodied and poked fun at by local media.
| 0 | 0 |
Idi Amin
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1925 to 1935",
"text": "He rented a studio apartment on New York City's Upper West Side in the Empire Hotel, close to Carnegie Hall and other musical venues and publishers."
}
] |
NFuA73t7oN5V5zOxjgHw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | 1950s and 1960s",
"text": "They often linked their disdain for Populist art with technology, new media and mass audiences—in other words, the areas of radio, television and motion pictures, for which Copland either had or soon would write music, as well as his popular ballets."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1935 to 1950",
"text": "In 1949, Copland returned to Europe, where he found French composer Pierre Boulez dominating the group of post-war avant-garde composers there."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1950s and 1960s",
"text": "He finally settled on James Agee's"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1935 to 1950",
"text": "He helped fill a vacuum for American choreographers to fill their dance repertory and tapped into an artistic groundswell, from the motion pictures of Busby Berkeley and Fred Astaire to the ballets of George Balanchine and Martha Graham, to both democratize and Americanize dance as an art form."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years",
"text": "Following his death, his ashes were scattered over the Tanglewood Music Center near Lenox, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1935 to 1950",
"text": "During the Depression years, Copland traveled extensively to Europe, Africa, and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Study in Paris",
"text": "Also influential on the new music were the French intellectuals Marcel Proust, Paul Valéry, Jean-Paul Sartre, and André Gide; the latter cited by Copland as being his personal favorite and most read."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Instead, he tended to compose whole sections in no particular order and surmise their eventual sequence after all those parts were complete, much like assembling a collage."
},
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "Aaron Copland: A Self-Portrait (1985)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1925 to 1935",
"text": "He rented a studio apartment on New York City's Upper West Side in the Empire Hotel, close to Carnegie Hall and other musical venues and publishers."
}
] |
After returning from Europe, Aaron Copland settled in Los Angeles in order to be near to the decision makers at the motion picture studios.
| 1 | 1 |
Aaron Copland
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 17th–18th centuries | Use in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States",
"text": "\" The writers of the U.S. Constitution wished to ensure that the rights they already held, such as those that they believed were provided by Magna Carta, would be preserved unless explicitly curtailed."
}
] |
NGH2KAT9CO3rAJJGhtd8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 17th–18th centuries | Glorious Revolution",
"text": "Ideas about the nature of law in general were beginning to change."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th–18th centuries | Use in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States",
"text": "In the late 18th century, the United States Constitution became the supreme law of the land, recalling the manner in which Magna Carta had come to be regarded as fundamental law."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th century | Magna Carta's influence on English medieval law",
"text": "By 1350 half the clauses of Magna Carta were no longer actively used."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th–21st centuries | Repeal of articles and constitutional influence",
"text": "Most of the clauses were repealed in England and Wales by the Statute Law Revision Act 1863, and in modern Northern Ireland and also in the modern Republic of Ireland by the Statute Law (Ireland) Revision Act 1872.Many later attempts to draft constitutional forms of government trace their lineage back to Magna Carta."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th–18th centuries | Use in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States",
"text": "Penn's comments reflected Coke's, indicating a belief that Magna Carta was a fundamental law."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th–18th centuries | Use in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States",
"text": "The Massachusetts Body of Liberties contained similarities to clause 29 of Magna Carta; when drafting it, the Massachusetts General Court viewed Magna Carta as the chief embodiment of English common law."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th–21st centuries | Modern legacy",
"text": "In many ways still a \"sacred text\", Magna Carta is generally considered part of the uncodified constitution of the United Kingdom; in a 2005 speech, the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, Lord Woolf, described it as the \"first of a series of instruments that now are recognised as having a special constitutional status\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th–18th centuries | Use in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States",
"text": "\" The writers of the U.S. Constitution wished to ensure that the rights they already held, such as those that they believed were provided by Magna Carta, would be preserved unless explicitly curtailed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th–21st centuries | Repeal of articles and constitutional influence",
"text": "The British dominions, Australia and New Zealand, Canada (except Quebec), and formerly the Union of South Africa and Southern Rhodesia, reflected the influence of Magna Carta in their laws, and the Charter's effects can be seen in the laws of other states that evolved from the British Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th–18th centuries | Use in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States",
"text": "The colonists drew on English law books, leading them to an anachronistic interpretation of Magna Carta, believing that it guaranteed trial by jury and habeas corpus."
}
] |
The U.S Constitution pulls many ideas and laws from the Magna Carta.
| 0 | 2 |
Magna Carta
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"I am more of an Italian, or Tuscan, than a Corsican\" Napoleon was to say and many descendants of the Italian colonists in Corsica considered themselves as such, but nothing in fact connected them to the villages they considered the \"homeland\", the land their ancestors had left to take up residence in Corsican cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Corsican by birth, Napoleon was born into a relatively modest family of Italian origin a few months after the island was annexed by the Kingdom of France."
}
] |
NGKOOPxrGbWlOcPBVuDW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reforms | Napoleonic Code",
"text": "Napoleon participated actively in the sessions of the Council of State that revised the drafts."
},
{
"section_header": "Reforms | Napoleonic Code",
"text": "Napoleon directly overthrew remnants of feudalism in much of western Continental Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Reforms | Napoleonic Code",
"text": "Napoleon reorganized what had been the Holy Roman Empire, made up of more than a thousand entities, into a more streamlined forty-state Confederation of the Rhine; this helped promote the German Confederation and the unification of Germany in 1871.The movement toward national unification in Italy was similarly precipitated by Napoleonic rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Reforms | Napoleonic Code",
"text": "The Napoleonic code was adopted throughout much of Continental Europe, though only in the lands he conquered, and remained in force after Napoleon's defeat."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire",
"text": "Launching yet another referendum, Napoleon was elected as Emperor of the French by a tally exceeding 99%."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | War of the Third Coalition",
"text": "Frank McLynn suggests that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality, and what used to be French foreign policy became a \"personal Napoleonic one\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Consulate | Temporary peace in Europe",
"text": "The brief peace in Europe allowed Napoleon to focus on the French colonies abroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Reforms | Napoleonic Code",
"text": "Napoleon implemented a wide array of liberal reforms in France and across Continental Europe, especially in Italy and Germany, as summarized by British historian Andrew Roberts: The ideas that underpin our modern world—meritocracy, equality before the law, property rights, religious toleration, modern secular education, sound finances, and so on—were championed, consolidated, codified and geographically extended by Napoleon."
},
{
"section_header": "Reforms | Napoleonic Code",
"text": "Other codes (\"Les cinq codes\") were commissioned by Napoleon to codify criminal and commerce law; a Code of Criminal Instruction was published, which enacted rules of due process."
},
{
"section_header": "Reforms | Napoleonic Code",
"text": "Napoleon said: \"My true glory is not to have won forty battles ... Waterloo will erase the memory of so many victories. ... But ... what will live forever, is my Civil Code\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"I am more of an Italian, or Tuscan, than a Corsican\" Napoleon was to say and many descendants of the Italian colonists in Corsica considered themselves as such, but nothing in fact connected them to the villages they considered the \"homeland\", the land their ancestors had left to take up residence in Corsican cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Corsican by birth, Napoleon was born into a relatively modest family of Italian origin a few months after the island was annexed by the Kingdom of France."
}
] |
Napoleon had French roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Napoleon
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Alvin Palmer (born October 15, 1945) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1965–1967, 1969–1984)."
}
] |
NGaE3DlJ69AVCBqYrLBt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1970s",
"text": "During that span, he threw between 17 and 25 complete games each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1970s",
"text": "During those eight 20-win seasons, he pitched between 274⅓ and 319 innings per year, leading the league in innings pitched four times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Palmer was the winningest MLB pitcher in the 1970s, totaling 186 wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Alvin Palmer (born October 15, 1945) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1965–1967, 1969–1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1970s",
"text": "He completed 25 games, even saved one, and limited opposing hitters to a .216 batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1960s",
"text": "He threw just 49 innings in 1967 and was sent to minor-league rehabilitation."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1970s",
"text": "Only one other team in MLB history, the 1920 Chicago White Sox, has had four 20-game winners."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1960s",
"text": "The Dodgers' last run was against Moe Drabowsky in the third inning of Game 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1980s",
"text": "Palmer was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1990, his first year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | Comeback attempt",
"text": "Palmer said he would sign a one-year contract for less pay, but ESPN refused."
}
] |
Palmer participated in MLB for 25 years.
| 1 | 5 |
Jim Palmer
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rickey Nelson Henley Henderson (born December 25, 1958) is an American retired professional baseball left fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for nine teams from 1979 to 2003, including four separate tenures with his original team, the Oakland Athletics."
}
] |
NH3IfvVS5m40wjznJoYt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": ": Rickey Henderson walked 796 times in his career LEADING OFF AN INNING."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Career milestones",
"text": "In 1999, before breaking the career records for runs scored and walks, Henderson was ranked number 51 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Think about this again. There would be nothing, absolutely nothing, a pitcher would want to avoid more than walking Rickey Henderson to lead off an inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rickey Nelson Henley Henderson (born December 25, 1958) is an American retired professional baseball left fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for nine teams from 1979 to 2003, including four separate tenures with his original team, the Oakland Athletics."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He walked more times just leading off in an inning than Lou Brock, Roberto Clemente, Luis Aparicio, Ernie Banks, Kirby Puckett, Ryne Sandberg and more than 50 other Hall of Famers walked in their entire careers ... I simply cannot imagine a baseball statistic more staggering."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and personality",
"text": "Calling on behalf of Rickey. Rickey wants to play baseball.\" However, Henderson denied that this happened in a February 26, 2009, interview on Mike and Mike in the Morning."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Career milestones",
"text": "Henderson is the only American League player to steal more than 100 bases in a single season, and he is the all-time stolen base leader for the Oakland A's."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He also ran track, but did not stay with the team as the schedule conflicted with baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and personality",
"text": "While playing for Seattle in 2000, Henderson was said to have commented on first baseman John Olerud's practice of wearing a batting helmet while playing defense, noting that a former teammate in Toronto did the same thing."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor leagues",
"text": "He played in six games for the team, which won its first championship."
}
] |
Rickey Henderson is baseball player who has played for the same team more than once in his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Rickey Henderson
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was a child prodigy, trained by her father."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life | Family",
"text": "Her mother was a famous singer in Leipzig who performed weekly piano and soprano solos at the Gewandhaus."
}
] |
NHJKHzHAAhLHymbqK3nP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Concert tours",
"text": "Clara Schumann first toured England in April 1856, while her husband was still living but unable to travel."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "She gave concerts and taught, and she did most of the work of organizing her own concert tours."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Interest in her compositions began to revive in the late 20th century, and her 2019 bicentenary prompted new books and exhibitions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Schumann died in Frankfurt, but was buried in Bonn beside her husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Impact during her lifetime",
"text": "One of her students, Mathilde Verne, carried her teaching to England where she taught, among others, Solomon."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Performance repertoire",
"text": "In her later career, she frequently accompanied lieder singers in recitals."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Banknote and conservatory",
"text": "The back of the banknote shows a grand piano she played and the exterior of Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium, where she taught."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Johannes Brahms",
"text": "Their relationship has been interpreted as somewhere between friendship and love, and Brahms always maintained the utmost respect for her, as a woman and a talented musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Compositions",
"text": "\"I once believed that I possessed creative talent, but I have given up this idea; a woman must not desire to compose – there has never yet been one able to do it."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life | Family",
"text": "Her mother was a famous singer in Leipzig who performed weekly piano and soprano solos at the Gewandhaus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was a child prodigy, trained by her father."
}
] |
Clara Schumann was a late bloomer taught by her husband, and she is a talented singer.
| 0 | 0 |
Clara Schumann
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origin of name",
"text": "No signed version ever existed."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of name",
"text": "The nearest thing you will get is the [message of the] radio operator on Augusta and Prince of Wales."
}
] |
NHZZPuiVSA3lz55xyIIU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin of name",
"text": "He later said, \"There isn't any copy of the Atlantic Charter, so far as I know."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" Peace Planning and the Atlantic Charter\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Acceptance by Inter-Allied Council and by United Nations",
"text": "Among his papers he had found one copy signed by himself and me, but strange to say both signatures were in his own handwriting.\" The Allied nations and leading organizations quickly and widely endorsed the charter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The adherents to the Atlantic Charter signed the Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942, which was the basis for the modern United Nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Sumner Welles, Post-War Planning and the Quest for a New World Order 1937–1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Atlantic Charter was a statement issued on 14 August 1941 that set out American and British goals for the world after the end of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of name",
"text": "The nearest thing you will get is the [message of the] radio operator on Augusta and Prince of Wales."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of name",
"text": "No signed version ever existed."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin of name",
"text": "The account in Churchill's The Second World War concluded \"A number of verbal alterations were agreed, and the document was then in its final shape\" and made no mention of any signing or ceremony."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on imperial powers and imperial ambitions | British Empire",
"text": "India already contributed significantly to the war effort by sending over 2.5 million men, then the largest volunteer force in the world, to fight for the Allies, mostly in West Asia and North Africa."
}
] |
The Atlantic Charter was created over radio and never officially signed, but was widely know around the world and upheld as it was planned.
| 1 | 4 |
Atlantic Charter
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Simmons hit .300 seven different times, hit 20 home runs six times, and caught 122 shutouts, eighth-most all-time."
}
] |
NHbtMV7ttp6KLKl2l06a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His batting average fell to .221 in 1984, though Simmons rebounded in 1985 with a .273 average and 76 RBI's, and in March 1986 he was traded to the Atlanta Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons continued to produce offensively in 1973 with a .310 batting average, along with 13 home runs and 91 RBIs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he did not possess Bench's power hitting ability, he hit for a higher batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "In a 21-year major league career, Simmons played in 2,456 games, accumulating 2,472 hits in 8,680 at bats for a .285 career batting average along with 248 home runs, 1,389 runs batted in and a .348 on-base percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1975, Simmons hit 18 home runs along with 100 RBIs and posted a career-high .332 batting average, finishing second in the National League batting championship behind Bill Madlock."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His batting average fell to .216 in his first season in the American League but, he rebounded in 1982 with a .269 batting average with 23 home runs and 97 RBIs and led American League catchers with a .995 fielding percentage in 121 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1971, the Cardinals converted Torre into a third baseman and Simmons took over as their starting catcher, posting a .304 batting average with seven home runs and 77 RBIs."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Simmons had one more good year in 1983 when he hit for a .308 batting average with 13 home runs and 108 RBIs and earned his eighth and final All-Star berth."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His defense began to improve as well, posting a .991 fielding percentage and leading National League catchers in assists and in putouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He ultimately signed a contract well into the season during which he was recognized as one of the top catchers in the league by earning a spot as a reserve on the 1972 National League All-Star team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Simmons hit .300 seven different times, hit 20 home runs six times, and caught 122 shutouts, eighth-most all-time."
}
] |
Simmons was well known for his phenomenal batting average.
| 2 | 2 |
Ted Simmons
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This made the Curies the family with the most Nobel laureates to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity."
}
] |
NHnvOl15UdZX4cNvr3IB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "Though their experiments identified both the positron and the neutron, they failed to interpret the significance of the results and the discoveries were later claimed by Carl David Anderson and James Chadwick respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War I",
"text": "Irène took a nursing course during college to assist her mother, Marie Curie, in the field as her assistant."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "Irène was the commissioner of the CEA and Irène's husband, Frédéric, was the director of the CEA."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Each contributed to educating one another's children in their respective homes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This made the Curies the family with the most Nobel laureates to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both children of the Joliot-Curies, Hélène and Pierre, are also esteemed scientists."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "In 1934, the Joliot-Curies finally made the discovery that sealed their place in scientific history."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "The Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1935 brought with it fame and recognition from the scientific community and Joliot-Curie was awarded a professorship at the Faculty of Science."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "In 1932, Joliot-Curie and her husband Frédéric had full access to Marie's polonium."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "However, in 1933, Joliot-Curie and her husband were the first to discover the accurate weight measurement of the neutron."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jointly with her husband, Joliot-Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity."
}
] |
Irène Joliot-Curie and her husband both made significant contributions in their field and achieved similar recognition.
| 1 | 1 |
Irène Joliot-Curie
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Tolkien's prose is unpretentious and straightforward, taking as given the existence of his imaginary world and describing its details in a matter-of-fact way, while often introducing the new and fantastic in an almost casual manner."
}
] |
NHv2IY9olya42iOHUyG6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "While The Hobbit is written in a simple, friendly language, each of its characters has a unique voice."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Tolkien's prose is unpretentious and straightforward, taking as given the existence of his imaginary world and describing its details in a matter-of-fact way, while often introducing the new and fantastic in an almost casual manner."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre",
"text": "The Hobbit has been called \"the most popular of all twentieth-century fantasies written for children\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The narrator, who occasionally interrupts the narrative flow with asides (a device common to both children's and Anglo-Saxon literature), has his own linguistic style separate from those of the main characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "This down-to-earth style, also found in later fantasy such as Richard Adams' Watership Down and Peter Beagle's The Last Unicorn, accepts readers into the fictional world, rather than cajoling or attempting to convince them of its reality."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Influences",
"text": "Incidents in both The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings are similar in narrative and style to the novel, and its overall style and imagery have been suggested as having had an influence on Tolkien."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Adaptations",
"text": "A children's opera was written and premiered in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In education",
"text": "As one of several books that have been recommended for 11- to 14-year-old boys to encourage literacy in that demographic, The Hobbit is promoted as \"the original and still the best fantasy ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Influences",
"text": "Tolkien is not simply skimming historical sources for effect: the juxtaposition of old and new styles of expression is seen by Shippey as one of the major themes explored in The Hobbit."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The basic form of the story is that of a quest, told in episodes."
}
] |
The Hobbit is written in a casual style and matter-of-fact-way.
| 1 | 3 |
The Hobbit
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Football",
"text": "Elton John became the chairman and director of Watford F.C. in 1976, after supporting the team since his youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Football",
"text": "Ten years later, John repurchased the club from Petchey and once again became chairman."
}
] |
NIvbu4bDWh2ObOlbQYMC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Elton John Band",
"text": "Since 1970, John's band, of which he is the pianist and lead singer, has been known as the Elton John Band."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John owned Watford F.C. from 1976 to 1987 and from 1997 to 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Elton John Band",
"text": "Cooper has worked on and off with the Elton John Band, because he maintains obligations to other musicians as a session player and sideman as a road-tour percussionist."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Football",
"text": "From late 1975 to 1976, John was a part-owner of the Los Angeles Aztecs of the North American Soccer League."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Football",
"text": "John sold the club to Jack Petchey in 1987, but remained president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is an honorary life president of the club."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Wealth",
"text": "Aside from his main home, Woodside, in Old Windsor, Berkshire, John owns residences in Atlanta, London, Los Angeles, Nice and Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Football",
"text": "Ten years later, John repurchased the club from Petchey and once again became chairman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Rocket Record Company to 21 at 33 (1974–1980)",
"text": "At the same time, Elton collaborated with the French couple France Gall and Michel Berger on the songs \"Donner pour donner\" and \"Les Aveux\", released together in 1980 as a single."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pub pianist to staff songwriter (1962–1969)",
"text": "In 1966, the band became Long John Baldry's supporting band and played 16 times at the Marquee Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Football",
"text": "Elton John became the chairman and director of Watford F.C. in 1976, after supporting the team since his youth."
}
] |
Elton John owned the same soccer club twice.
| 0 | 0 |
Elton John
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike or Homestead massacre, was an industrial lockout and strike which began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The dispute occurred at the Homestead Steel Works in the Pittsburgh area town of Homestead, Pennsylvania, between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company."
}
] |
NJKQU7CMbZzKuo6RFn25
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "New York: International Publishers, 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted assassination and collapse of the strike",
"text": "He came in from New York, gained entrance to Frick's office, then shot and stabbed the executive."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "New York : Harper Torchbooks, 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike or Homestead massacre, was an industrial lockout and strike which began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted assassination and collapse of the strike",
"text": "National attention became riveted on Homestead when, on July 23, Alexander Berkman, a New York anarchist with no connection to steel or to organized labor, plotted with his lover Emma Goldman to assassinate Frick."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle on July 6 | Pinkerton surrender",
"text": "But the real talks were taking place between McCleary and Weihe in McCleary's office."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted assassination and collapse of the strike",
"text": "On July 18, the town was placed under martial law, further disheartening many of the strikers."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle on July 6 | Pinkerton surrender",
"text": "Weihe wanted to prevent further trouble at Homestead, so he pleaded with Frick to confer with representatives of the Amalgamated to return to Homestead and stop the armed conflict."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle on July 6 | Pinkertons attempt to land",
"text": "Hundreds of women continued to crowd on the riverbank between the strikers and the agents, calling on the strikers to 'kill the Pinkertons'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The dispute occurred at the Homestead Steel Works in the Pittsburgh area town of Homestead, Pennsylvania, between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company."
}
] |
The Homestead Strike was a conflict between strikers and the Mayor that took place in New York.
| 0 | 0 |
Homestead Strike
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "During these years, he met Lorn McNaughtan, who became his private secretary and served in that capacity for more than forty years, until her death."
}
] |
NJbBGGcwGmPckMro1bev
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "Coward was homosexual but, following the convention of his times, this was never publicly mentioned."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "The papers of Noël Coward are held in the University of Birmingham."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "\"Coward spelled his first name with the diæresis (\"I didn't put the dots over the 'e' in Noël."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "The language did. Otherwise it's not Noël but Nool!\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Post-war career",
"text": "In one of the three plays, A Song at Twilight, Coward abandoned his customary reticence on the subject and played an explicitly homosexual character."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Noël Coward was the second of their three sons, the eldest of whom had died in 1898 at the age of six."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "But 2008 is proving to be the year that Britain falls in love with Noël Coward all over again."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Inter-war successes",
"text": "The reviews were good: \"Mr Noël Coward calls his brilliant little farce a 'comedy of youth', and so it is."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He did not publicly acknowledge his homosexuality, but it was discussed candidly after his death by biographers including Graham Payn, his long-time partner, and in Coward's diaries and letters, published posthumously."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Inter-war successes",
"text": "Some saw the drugs as a mask for homosexuality; Kenneth Tynan later described it as \"a jeremiad against narcotics with dialogue that sounds today not so much stilted as high-heeled\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "During these years, he met Lorn McNaughtan, who became his private secretary and served in that capacity for more than forty years, until her death."
}
] |
Noël Coward had a marriage of convenience with his personal assistant to hide his homosexuality.
| 0 | 0 |
Noël Coward
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lemon was raised in California where he played high school baseball and was the state player of the year in 1938."
}
] |
NL09NRmht4UxQgrKYX75
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the age of 17, Lemon began his professional baseball career in the Cleveland Indians organization, with whom he played for his entire professional career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lemon was raised in California where he played high school baseball and was the state player of the year in 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The family later moved to Long Beach, California, where Lemon attended Wilson Classical High School and played shortstop on the school's baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was recognized as the state baseball player of the year by the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF) Southern Section in 1938.Later that same year, at the age of 17, Lemon began his professional baseball career in the farm system of the Cleveland Indians as a member of the Oswego Netherlands of the Canadian–American League and later that year, the Middle Atlantic League's Springfield Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Full-time pitcher to World Series champion",
"text": "Lemon was the Indians' number-two pitcher in the starting rotation, behind Bob Feller."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Making it as a utility player",
"text": "Birdie Tebbetts of the Detroit Tigers and Johnny Pesky of the Boston Red Sox had played against Lemon in Navy baseball games, and they spoke to Indians player-manager Lou Boudreau about switching Lemon from the outfield to the pitching mound."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Making it as a utility player",
"text": "That same year, Indians owner Bill Veeck said that Lemon \"some day will become the best pitcher in the American League\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the early 1950s, Cleveland had a starting pitching rotation which included Lemon, Bob Feller, Mike Garcia and Early Wynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Granville Lemon (September 22, 1920 – January 11, 2000) was an American right-handed pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Retirement",
"text": "His ball was always moving, hard, sinking, fast-breaking."
}
] |
American baseball player Bob Lemon started playing professionally at the age of 17 after playing ball in high school.
| 0 | 0 |
Bob Lemon
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "Usually, capacitance in semiconductor devices is positive."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "However, in some devices and under certain conditions (temperature, applied voltages, frequency, etc.), capacitance can become negative."
}
] |
NLKhXtduE6CLE2drtm6k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "Negative capacitance has been demonstrated and explored in many different types of semiconductor devices."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "However, in some devices and under certain conditions (temperature, applied voltages, frequency, etc.), capacitance can become negative."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "Usually, capacitance in semiconductor devices is positive."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "Non-monotonic behavior of the transient current in response to a step-like excitation has been proposed as the mechanism of negative capacitance."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance in electronic and semiconductor devices",
"text": "In electronic and semiconductor devices, transient or frequency-dependent current between terminals contains both conduction and displacement components."
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring capacitance",
"text": "For most purposes and in most cases the capacitor must be disconnected from circuit."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutual capacitance | Capacitance matrix",
"text": "To handle this case, Maxwell introduced his coefficients of potential."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance of conductors with simple shapes",
"text": "There is no solution in terms of elementary functions in more complicated cases."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutual capacitance | Capacitance matrix",
"text": "The discussion above is limited to the case of two conducting plates, although of arbitrary size and shape."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance in electronic and semiconductor devices",
"text": "As a result, device admittance is frequency-dependent, and a simple electrostatic formula for capacitance"
}
] |
In most cases, the capacitance in semiconductor devices is negative.
| 2 | 5 |
Capacitance
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."
}
] |
NLR3FjeqfWX6t6isr0v2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "The fictional rock band Infant Sorrow, as featured in the 2008 film Forgetting Sarah Marshall, appears to be named after the Blake poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "The composer William Bolcom completed a setting of the entire collection of poems in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Facsimile editions",
"text": "William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience edited with an introduction and notes by Andrew Lincoln, and select plates from other copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Innocence",
"text": "It is a conceptual collection of 19 poems, engraved with artwork."
},
{
"section_header": "Facsimile editions",
"text": "Tate Publishing, in collaboration with The William Blake Trust, produced a folio edition containing all of the songs of Innocence and Experience in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Songs of Experience",
"text": "Some of the poems, such as \"The Little Girl Lost\" and \"The Little Girl Found\", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical settings",
"text": "David Axelrod produced two solo albums, Song of Innocence (1968) and Songs of Experience (1969) which were homages to the mystical poetry and paintings of William Blake."
}
] |
Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake that appears in three phases.
| 0 | 0 |
Songs of Experience
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Cleveland Cavaliers",
"text": "While the Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers have played each other since the Cavaliers joined the NBA in 1970, the two teams' rivalry began to develop in the 2014–15 season when they met in the first of four consecutive NBA Finals."
}
] |
NLSyuy5A3D7R6GzZw9jt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2014–2019: The Strength In Numbers Dynasty",
"text": "After Golden State fell behind 2–1 in the series, Kerr gave swingman Andre Iguodala his first start of the season, replacing center Andrew Bogut in Game 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2014–2019: The Strength In Numbers Dynasty",
"text": "The Warriors swept the Cavaliers to win their second straight NBA championship; previously, there had not been an NBA Finals sweep since 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2014–2019: The Strength In Numbers Dynasty",
"text": "On July 4, 2016, Kevin Durant announced he would leave the Oklahoma City Thunder to sign a two-year contract with the Golden State Warriors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 1965–1978: Thurmond and Barry",
"text": "The franchise adopted its brand name Golden State Warriors prior to the 1971–72 season, in order to suggest that the team represented the entire state of California."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2014–2019: The Strength In Numbers Dynasty",
"text": "On April 13, 2016, Golden State set the NBA record for most wins in a single season."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame members",
"text": "Marčiulionis played most of his NBA career with Golden State, but his induction is also for his distinguished international career (Statyba, USSR, and Lithuania)."
},
{
"section_header": "Season-by-season record",
"text": "For the full season-by-season history, see List of Golden State Warriors seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | 2014–2019: The Strength In Numbers Dynasty",
"text": "The 2018 Finals pitted the Warriors against the Cavaliers for the fourth consecutive season; this marked the first time in NBA history that the same two teams had met in the Finals for four consecutive years."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame members",
"text": "Of those elected to the hall primarily as Warriors, only Thurmond, Barry and Mullin spent significant time with the team since the 1971 move to Oakland and the name change to \"Golden State\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Cleveland Cavaliers",
"text": "While the Warriors and the Cleveland Cavaliers have played each other since the Cavaliers joined the NBA in 1970, the two teams' rivalry began to develop in the 2014–15 season when they met in the first of four consecutive NBA Finals."
}
] |
The Golden State Warriors faced the same NBA team in 4 straight championship series.
| 0 | 0 |
Golden State Warriors
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Play",
"text": "Samson Agonistes draws on the story of Samson from the Old Testament, Judges 13–16; in fact it is a dramatisation of the story starting at Judges 16:23."
}
] |
NLX3qNFHwqLZMMqD0HzO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Is Added / Samson Agonistes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Blindness",
"text": "The correlation is significant to the Agonistes plot: Milton describes Samson as being \"Eyeless in Gaza\", a phrase that has become the most quoted line of Agonistes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samson Agonistes (from Greek Σαμσών ἀγωνιστής, \"Samson the champion\") is a tragic closet drama by John Milton."
},
{
"section_header": "Play",
"text": "Samson Agonistes draws on the story of Samson from the Old Testament, Judges 13–16; in fact it is a dramatisation of the story starting at Judges 16:23."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "https://improbablefictions.org/tag/samson-agonistes/"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Violence",
"text": "Acts of violence are an important theme within Samson Agonistes as the play attempts to deal with revenge and the destruction of God's enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Violence",
"text": "Likewise, David Loewenstein remarks that \"the destruction and vengeance depicted in Samson Agonistes, then, dramatizes a kind of awesome religious terror\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Blindness",
"text": "As blindness overtook Milton, it becomes a major trope in Samson Agonistes, and is seen also in Paradise Lost (3.22–55) and his 19th Sonnet."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Blindness",
"text": "Some of the chorus's lines in Samson Agonistes are rhymed, thus suggesting a return of the \"chain of rhymes\", which itself reflects upon Samson's imprisonment."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Violence",
"text": "Gordon Teskey describes the plot of the work when he says, \"delirious violence of the hero of Samson Agonistes, who cancels the Philistine hallucination of a unified and harmonious world\"."
}
] |
Samson Agonistes is inspired from a tale of the Jewish Law.
| 1 | 3 |
Samson Agonistes
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He is married to photographer Deborah O'Grady, with whom he has a son and daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Adams was married to Hawley Currens, a music teacher from 1970 to 1974."
}
] |
NLjpdfamCIANR4FXXIHB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Adams' son is the composer Samuel Carl Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Before 1977",
"text": "John Adams, in full John Coolidge Adams, was born in Worcester, Massachusetts on February 15, 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1977 to Nixon in China",
"text": "The opera marked the first collaboration between Adams and theatre director Peter Sellars, who had proposed it to Adams in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Before 1977",
"text": "Adams served as musical producer for a number of series for the PBS, including the award-winning series, The Adams Chronicles in 1976 and 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1977 to Nixon in China",
"text": "Adams has subsequently worked with Sellars on all of his operas."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1988 to Doctor Atomic",
"text": "During this time, Adams established an international career as a conductor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1988 to Doctor Atomic",
"text": "Commissioned by the San Francisco Symphony, Adams' orchestral piece"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1988 to Doctor Atomic",
"text": "Adams received the Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition for his violin concerto."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1988 to Doctor Atomic",
"text": "Inspired by musicals, Adams referred to the piece as a \"songplay in two acts\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Adams was married to Hawley Currens, a music teacher from 1970 to 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He is married to photographer Deborah O'Grady, with whom he has a son and daughter."
}
] |
Adams has been wed twice.
| 0 | 0 |
John Adams (composer)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "I was a catastrophic failure in both domestic and foreign policy.\" On the eve of his death, the Russian Empire reached its geographical zenith, spanning over 20 million square kilometers (7.7 million square miles), but had a desperate need for reform."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He caught a chill, refused medical treatment and died of pneumonia, although there were rumors he had committed suicide."
}
] |
NM0SvcUKHCLVgBi4adck
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Nicholas died on 2 March 1855, during the Crimean War, at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nikolay I Pavlovich; 6 July [O.S. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1855) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He caught a chill, refused medical treatment and died of pneumonia, although there were rumors he had committed suicide."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles and honours | Titles and styles",
"text": "1 December 1825 – 2 March 1855: His Imperial Majesty"
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor and principles | Local policies",
"text": "These romantic and conservative principles outlined by Uvarov were also espoused by Vasily Zhukovsky, one of the tutors of the Grand Duke Alexander."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and road to power",
"text": "Nicholas was born at Gatchina Palace in Gatchina to Grand Duke Paul, and Grand Duchess Maria Feodorovna of Russia (née Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg)."
},
{
"section_header": "Military and foreign policy",
"text": "At last the Crimean war at the end of his reign demonstrated to the world what no one had previously realized: Russia was militarily weak, technologically backward, and administratively incompetent."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles and honours | Titles and styles",
"text": "6 July 1796 – 1 December 1825: His Imperial Highness Grand Duke Nicholas Pavlovich of Russia"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and road to power",
"text": "He was a younger brother of Emperor Alexander I of Russia, who succeeded to the throne in 1801, and of Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "I was a catastrophic failure in both domestic and foreign policy.\" On the eve of his death, the Russian Empire reached its geographical zenith, spanning over 20 million square kilometers (7.7 million square miles), but had a desperate need for reform."
}
] |
Nicholas I of Russia was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland until his death on 2 March 1855, during the Crimean War, where he committed suicide.
| 0 | 0 |
Nicholas I of Russia
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was nicknamed \"Poosh 'Em Up\" by Italian-speaking fans, from a mistranslation of an Italian phrase meaning to \"hit it out\" (hit a home run)."
}
] |
NM2WGbgcPjN1ZWLnYWyY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple had one child, David Anthony Lazzeri (1931-2013)."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Lazzeri made the team, earning $250 a month ($3,819 in current dollar terms) as a utility infielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "That year he became one of what are today"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a member of the original American League All-Star team in 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "Nevertheless, Lazzeri returned to the team, and hit a key double off of Alexander in the 1928 World Series, which the Yankees won."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "A friend of Lazzeri convinced Duffy Lewis, who managed the Salt Lake City Bees of the Pacific Coast League (PCL), to allow Lazzeri to tryout for the team in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In that same 1936 game, he became the first major league player to hit two grand slams in one game."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Lazzeri holds the American League record for most RBI in a game with 11, set May 24, 1936, as he also became the first major league player to hit two grand slams in one game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lazzeri is one of only 14 major league baseball players to hit for the natural cycle (hitting a single, double, triple and home run in sequence) and the only player to complete a natural cycle with a grand slam."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Although his offensive production was overshadowed by the historic accomplishments of teammates such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig and Joe DiMaggio, Lazzeri is still considered one of the top hitting second basemen of his era."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was nicknamed \"Poosh 'Em Up\" by Italian-speaking fans, from a mistranslation of an Italian phrase meaning to \"hit it out\" (hit a home run)."
}
] |
Tony Lazzeri bore the moniker of "Lazarus" on the field, for the incredible turn-arounds he often prompted, "bringing his team back from the dead".
| 0 | 0 |
Tony Lazzeri
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "Set a Watchman, was controversially released on July 14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go"
}
] |
NMdNBMkIX5TAZEOkGJ3q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Loss of innocence",
"text": "Their family name Finch is also Lee's mother's maiden name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "When the book was first released, Southern writer Flannery O'Connor commented, \"I think for a child's book"
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "Watchman contains early versions of many of the characters from To Kill a Mockingbird."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Play",
"text": "To underscore this sentiment, Lee demanded that a book of recipes named Calpurnia's Cookbook not be published and sold out of the Monroe County Heritage Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "When Atticus is out of town, Jem locks a Sunday school classmate in the church basement with the furnace during a game of Shadrach."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Peck's grandson was named \"Harper\" in her honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the \"contented slave\" motif and to others simply unexplored, the book is viewed as marginalizing black characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Courage and compassion",
"text": "Charles J. Shields, who wrote the first book-length biography of Harper Lee, offers the reason for the novel's enduring popularity and impact"
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "According to Lee's agent Andrew Nurnberg, Mockingbird was originally intended to be the first book of a trilogy: \"They discussed publishing Mockingbird first, Watchman last, and a shorter connecting novel between the two.\" This assertion has been discredited, however, by rare-books expert James S. Jaffe, who reviewed the pages at the request of Lee's attorney and found them to be only another draft of To Kill a Mockingbird."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "In the same year, Chicago mayor Richard M. Daley initiated a reading program throughout the city's libraries, and chose his favorite book, To Kill a Mockingbird, as the first title of the One City, One Book program."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "Set a Watchman, was controversially released on July 14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go"
}
] |
The first version of the book was named "Go", after the Japanese game.
| 1 | 4 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It became the pilgrimage centre of the Hindu religion."
}
] |
NMoRFBZAh3Xqscv5cHnO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The Hampi monuments comprising the UNESCO world heritage site are a subset of the wider-spread Vijayanagara ruins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hampi or Hampe, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Muslim monuments",
"text": "The Hampi site includes a Muslim quarter with Islamic tombs, two mosques and a cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Texts and history | Archaeological site",
"text": "Mackenzie wrote that the Hampi site was abandoned and only wildlife live there."
},
{
"section_header": "Texts and history | Archaeological site",
"text": "The Hampi site remained largely ignored until the mid-19th century, when Alexander Greenlaw visited and photographed the site in 1856."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The architects also adopted an Indo-Islamic style in a few monuments, such as the Queen's bath and Elephant stables, which UNESCO says reflects a \"highly evolved multi-religious and multi-ethnic society\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Texts and history | Archaeological site",
"text": "The site is significant historically and archaeologically, for the Vijayanagara period and before."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Muslim monuments",
"text": "These are neither in the sacred centre nor in the royal centre of the Hampi site."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The historian Will Durant, in his Our Oriental Heritage: The Story of Civilization recites the story of Vijayanagara and calls its conquest and destruction a discouraging tale."
},
{
"section_header": "Texts and history | Archaeological site",
"text": "Alexander Rea, an officer of the Archaeological Survey department of the Madras Presidency within British India, published his survey of the site in 1885."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It became the pilgrimage centre of the Hindu religion."
}
] |
Hampi is an UNESCO World Heritage Site and a center for the Islamic faith.
| 0 | 0 |
Hampi
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Speaker died of a heart attack on December 8, 1958, at the age of 70, at Lake Whitney, Texas."
}
] |
NNAOMPh02sbp0TTOmOz0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "In Fenway Park's first game, Speaker drove in the winning run in the 11th inning, giving Boston the 7–6 win."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "The Red Sox won the game in the bottom of the tenth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Traded to the Indians",
"text": "At one point, Speaker's signature move was to come in behind second base on a bunt and make a tag play on a baserunner who had passed the bag."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "playing in the minor leagues in Texas and Arkansas, Speaker debuted with the Boston Red Sox in 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1908, Boston Americans owner John I. Taylor changed the team's name to the Boston Red Sox after the bright socks in the team's uniform."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Traded to the Indians",
"text": "The angry Speaker held out until he received $10,000 (equal to $230,000 today) of the cash that Boston collected."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "In 1910 and 1911, Boston finished fourth in the American League standings."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "Speaker became the regular starting center fielder for Boston in 1909 and light-hitting Denny Sullivan was sold to the Cleveland Naps."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Traded to the Indians",
"text": "In exchange, Boston received Sad Sam Jones, Fred Thomas and $50,000 ($1,170,000 today)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "The league had teams in New York, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, Boston, Cleveland, Chicago, Cincinnati and St. Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Speaker died of a heart attack on December 8, 1958, at the age of 70, at Lake Whitney, Texas."
}
] |
Speaker passed away in 1959 in Boston.
| 0 | 0 |
Tris Speaker
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genetic mutation",
"text": "Viruses undergo genetic change by several mechanisms."
}
] |
NNK70yX7Oejo6SSD2tNd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "The system proposed by Lwoff, Horne and Tournier was never fully accepted by the ICTV because small genome size viruses and their high rate of mutation makes it difficult to determine their ancestry beyond order."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genetic mutation",
"text": "These include a process called antigenic drift where individual bases in the DNA or RNA mutate to other bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genetic mutation",
"text": "Most of these point mutations are \"silent\"—they do not change the protein that the gene encodes—but others can confer evolutionary advantages such as resistance to antiviral drugs."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "The capsid and entire virus structure can be mechanically (physically) probed through atomic force microscopy."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Bacterial viruses",
"text": "These proteins go on to become either new virions within the cell, helper proteins, which help assembly of new virions, or proteins involved in cell lysis."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genetic mutation",
"text": "Antigenic shift occurs when there is a major change in the genome of the virus."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Replication cycle",
"text": "Viral populations do not grow through cell division, because they are acellular."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genetic mutation",
"text": "Segmented genomes confer evolutionary advantages; different strains of a virus with a segmented genome can shuffle and combine genes and produce progeny viruses (or offspring) that have unique characteristics."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genome | Genome size",
"text": "Single-strand DNA viruses are an exception to this rule, as mutation rates for these genomes can approach the extreme of the ssRNA virus case."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the same year Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus through a similar filter: aphthovirus, the agent of foot-and-mouth disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genetic mutation",
"text": "Viruses undergo genetic change by several mechanisms."
}
] |
Virus never go through mutation.
| 3 | 4 |
Virus
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the father of many children by his second wife, six of whom survived."
}
] |
NNwT8y5kP9w1KF7z7Wy3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Peter Zenger (October 26, 1697 – July 28, 1746) was a German printer and journalist in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Zenger family immigrated to New York in 1710 as part of a large group of German Palatines, and Nicolaus Zenger was one of those who died before settlement.:1123 The governor of New York had agreed to provide apprenticeships for all the children of immigrants from the Palatinate, and John Peter was bound for eight years as an apprentice to William Bradford, the first printer in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "The tryal of John Peter Zenger, of New-York, printer, who was lately try'd and acquitted for printing and publishing a libel against the government: with the pleadings and arguments on both sides London : Printed for J. Wilford 1738"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the father of many children by his second wife, six of whom survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "pp: 223-245. pp: 223-245. online John Peter Zenger; his press, his trial, and a bibliography of Zenger imprints ... also a reprint of the first edition of the trial by Livingston Rutherfurd New York : Dodd, Mead & company 1904"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peter Zenger was born in 1697, a son of Nicolaus Eberhard Zenger and his wife Johanna."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "During World War II the Liberty ship SS Peter Zenger was named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Libel case",
"text": "As late as 1804, the journalist Harry Croswell lost a series of prosecutions and appeals because truth was not a defense against libel, as decided by the New York Supreme Court in People v. Croswell."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By 1720, he was taking on printing work in Maryland, though he returned to New York permanently by 1722.:1124 After a brief partnership with Bradford in 1725, Zenger set up as a commercial printer on Smith Street in Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Libel case | \"Cato\" article",
"text": "In an issue dated February 25, 1733 is an opinion piece written under the pseudonym \"Cato.\" This was a pen-name used by British writers John Trenchard and Thomas Gordon, whose essays were published as Cato's Letters (1723)."
}
] |
German printer and journalist John Peter Zenger had at least six kids.
| 0 | 0 |
John Peter Zenger
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, and Chicago White Sox."
}
] |
NNzHL0w41GMJTUIn4v6J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | New York Yankees | 1939–1946",
"text": "In 1944, he played with an All-Star team for troops stationed in Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the mine's company baseball team as an outfielder and first baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He also played baseball as an outfielder and first baseman for the mine's company team, and for a semi-professional team in Nokomis."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "He saw regular playing time with the Red Sox over the next few years but had limited success."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Though the doctor was able to save his foot, Red lost four toes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, and Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "He had a 9–18 win-loss record with a 5.01 ERA in the 1925 season, as the Red Sox finished in last place in the eight team American League (AL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in minor league baseball in 1923 and 1924 before making his MLB debut with the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "Someone in the Red Sox organization suggested to Ruffing that he should try to gain weight by drinking beer, which saw him grow from 185 pounds (84 kg) to 240 pounds (110 kg).During the 1930 season, Bob Quinn, the owner of the Red Sox, was in debt and afraid he would lose the team due to foreclosure."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Career summary",
"text": "He also played in the outfield in emergency situations."
}
] |
Red Ruffing played for four teams including the Philadelphia Phillies.
| 1 | 1 |
Red Ruffing
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Naismith invented the game of basketball and wrote the original 13 rules of this sport, as opposed to the NBA rule book which features 66 pages."
}
] |
NO8t7wsKAxDnXrHb4c8V
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Naismith invented the game of basketball and wrote the original 13 rules of this sport, as opposed to the NBA rule book which features 66 pages."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "Naismith christened this new game \"Basket Ball\" and put his thoughts together in 13 basic rules."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "Most of the fouls were called for running with the ball, though tackling the man with the ball was not uncommon.\" In contrast to modern basketball, the original rules did not include what is known today as the dribble."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The original rules of basketball written by James Naismith in 1891, considered to be basketball's founding document, was auctioned at Sotheby's, New York, in December 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "I then put the 13 rules on the bulletin board just behind the instructor's platform, secured a soccer ball, and awaited the arrival of the class ... The class did not show much enthusiasm, but followed my lead ... I then explained what they had to do to make goals, tossed the ball up between the two center men and tried to keep them somewhat near the rules."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Swade's project and eventual success are chronicled in a 2012 ESPN 30 for 30 documentary \" There's No Place Like Home\" and in a corresponding book, The Holy Grail of Hoops: One Fan's Quest to Buy the Original Rules of Basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "His masterwork \"Basketball — its Origins and Development\" was published posthumously in 1941."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "Both practices are obsolete in the rules of modern basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "\"It certainly was murder.\" [Naismith changed some of the rules as part of his quest to develop a clean sport.]"
}
] |
James Naismith wrote the original 13 rules of basketball.
| 3 | 5 |
James Naismith
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is set in Jefferson, Mississippi, in the first third of the 20th century."
}
] |
NOG9v2bbT36S5iy23y5g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Appendix: Compson: 1699–1945",
"text": "At Faulkner's behest, however, subsequent printings of The Sound and the Fury frequently contain the appendix at the end of the book; it is sometimes referred to as the fifth part."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is set in Jefferson, Mississippi, in the first third of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a widely influential work of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a novel by the American author William Faulkner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1929, The Sound and the Fury was Faulkner's fourth novel, and was not immediately successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "In 1945, Faulkner wrote a \"Compson Appendix\" to be included with future printings of The Sound and the Fury."
},
{
"section_header": "Limited edition",
"text": "In 2012, The Folio Society released an edition, limited to 1,480 copies, of The Sound and the Fury."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 2: June 2, 1910",
"text": "He is obsessed with Southern ideals of chivalry and is strongly protective of women, especially his sister."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century."
}
] |
The setting for the book, The Sound and the Fury is in the southern part of Georgia.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sound and the Fury
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With longtime teammates Jeff Bagwell and Lance Berkman, he formed the core of the \"Killer B's\" who led Houston to six playoff appearances from 1997 to 2005, culminating in the franchise's first World Series appearance in 2005."
}
] |
NOV3AhJPakCHAKkPM7oY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "Biggio was an All-American baseball player at Seton Hall, where he played with"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Craig Alan Biggio (; born December 14, 1965) is an American former second baseman, outfielder and catcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career from 1988 through 2007 for the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in the community",
"text": "Part of the reason Biggio was given the award was for his multiple position changes, but also because of his work in the community and inspiring other teammates to participate as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Post-retirement",
"text": "In his current role, Craig works in several areas, including with the baseball operations staff in its Major and minor league player development programs with special emphasis on instruction, the amateur draft and scouting, and Major and minor league talent evaluation."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Post-retirement",
"text": "Craig Biggio has been a special assistant to the general manager since 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | Shift to second base",
"text": "Biggio made the All-Star team for the second time in 1992, becoming the first player in the history of baseball to be an All-Star at both catcher and second base."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)",
"text": "On June 28, 2007, Biggio became the 27th player in the history of Major League Baseball to join the 3,000 hit club, with a single against"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Biggio is one of the rare examples of a baseball player, like Brooks Robinson and Dale Murphy, who bats and throws right-handed but writes left-handed."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | 3,000 career hits (2007)",
"text": "He is the only player in the history of baseball with 3,000 hits, 600 doubles, 400 stolen bases, and 250 home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | As catcher",
"text": "Astros' management, in an attempt to keep the rigors of catching from sapping Biggio's speed, tried him in the outfield part-time in 1990, as he had played 18 games there in the minors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With longtime teammates Jeff Bagwell and Lance Berkman, he formed the core of the \"Killer B's\" who led Houston to six playoff appearances from 1997 to 2005, culminating in the franchise's first World Series appearance in 2005."
}
] |
American baseball player Craig Biggio was part of the "Killer B's."
| 0 | 0 |
Craig Biggio
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tramar Lacel Dillard (born September 17, 1979), better known by his stage name Flo Rida (, floh RY-də), is an American rapper, singer and songwriter from Carol City, Florida."
}
] |
NOn4UZZaSUVPCceJGPzm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2013: Wild Ones",
"text": "On April 1, 2012, Flo Rida appeared at WWE's WrestleMania XXVIII in a segment with Heath Slater, Curt Hawkins, and Tyler Reks, in which Slater called Flo Rida \"Florida\" and the rapper shoved him into a wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tramar Lacel Dillard (born September 17, 1979), better known by his stage name Flo Rida (, floh RY-də), is an American rapper, singer and songwriter from Carol City, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1979–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Tramar Lacel Dillard was born in Carol City, Florida on September 17, 1979."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Only One Flo (Part 1)",
"text": "In March 2010, Flo Rida announced on Twitter that the album would be titled The Only One."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1979–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "He returned to Florida to continue pursuing his music career after receiving a phone call from a representative of the independent label Poe Boy Entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Only One Flo (Part 1)",
"text": "Flo Rida collaborated with UK girl group The Saturdays, recording a new version of their single, \"Higher\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Only One Flo (Part 1)",
"text": "In December 2010, Flo Rida created his own label, International Music Group, inspired by Nicki Minaj's signing with Lil Wayne's."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–present: My House and upcoming fifth studio album",
"text": "\"Got Me Runnin' Round.\" Flo Rida was also featured in Jeremih's track"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Only One Flo (Part 1)",
"text": "On June 28, 2010, Flo Rida released the song \"Club Can't Handle Me\" featuring David Guetta, which was stated to be the official first single for the album."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Only One Flo (Part 1)",
"text": "Flo Rida also made guest appearances on \"iYiYi\", a song by Australian teen singer Cody Simpson, and on the song \"Out My Video\" by Bulgarian singer LiLana."
}
] |
Flo Rida is from Florida.
| 0 | 0 |
Flo Rida
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa."
}
] |
NOxnblXfOJUCw8C3QK6I
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Plants and fungi do not have nerve cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A neuron, neurone (old British spelling) or nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that communicates with other cells via specialized connections called synapses."
},
{
"section_header": "Neurogenesis",
"text": "Researchers found a way to transform human skin cells into nerve cells using transdifferentiation, in which \"cells are forced to adopt new identities\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Structural classification | Polarity",
"text": "; examples are pyramidal cells, Purkinje cells, and anterior horn cells"
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Functional classification | Action on other neurons",
"text": "Because of this consistency, it is common for neuroscientists to refer to cells that release glutamate as \"excitatory neurons\", and cells that release GABA as \"inhibitory neurons\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and histology | Histology and internal structure",
"text": "Numerous microscopic clumps called Nissl bodies (or Nissl substance) are seen when nerve cell bodies are stained with a basophilic (\"base-loving\") dye."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and histology | Histology and internal structure",
"text": "Named after German psychiatrist and neuropathologist Franz Nissl (1860–1919), they are involved in protein synthesis and their prominence can be explained by the fact that nerve cells are very metabolically active."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Functional classification | Action on other neurons",
"text": "So-called OFF bipolar cells are, like most neurons, excited by the released glutamate."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Structural classification | Other",
"text": "Some examples are: Basket cells, interneurons that form a dense plexus of terminals around the soma of target cells, found in the cortex and cerebellum Betz cells, large motor neurons"
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Structural classification | Other",
"text": "Lugaro cells, interneurons of the cerebellum Medium spiny neurons, most neurons in the corpus striatum Purkinje cells, huge neurons in the cerebellum, a type of Golgi"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the main component of nervous tissue in all animals except sponges and placozoa."
}
] |
A neuron or nerve cell is a cell that is in mammals.
| 0 | 3 |
Neuron
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxuljo iˈɣlesjas]; born 23 September 1943) is a Spanish singer, songwriter and former professional footballer."
}
] |
NP6ISfHpX9xkAq11AvMW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He alternated playing professional football with studying law at the CEU San Pablo University in Madrid."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In learning to play, he discovered his musical talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈxuljo iˈɣlesjas]; born 23 September 1943) is a Spanish singer, songwriter and former professional footballer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His professional football career was ruined when he was involved in a serious automobile accident that left him unable to walk for two years."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "In 1968, he won the Benidorm International Song Festival, a songwriter's event in Spain, with the song \"La vida sigue igual\" (meaning \"Life Goes On The Same\") which was used in the film La vida sigue igual about his own life."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The name \"Iglesias\" translates as \"churches\", although Iglesias is of Jewish ancestry on his maternal side."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had five children: Miguel Alejandro Iglesias (born 7 September 1997), Rodrigo Iglesias (born 3 April 1999), twins Cristina and Victoria Iglesias (born 1 May 2001), and Guillermo Iglesias ("
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "In 2008, Iglesias recorded another song as a gift to his fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 2013, Iglesias was inducted into the Hall of Fame of Latin Composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career",
"text": "In 2001, Iglesias was recognized as the Person of the Year by the Latin Recording Academy."
}
] |
Iglesias used to play pro football.
| 0 | 0 |
Julio Iglesias
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He was well known for his trademark expression \"holy cow!\" Rizzuto was born on September 25, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, the son of a streetcar motorman and his wife, both of whom were originally from Calabria, Italy."
}
] |
NPaHn2bWmSxcLzjL92z3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent his entire 13-year baseball career with the New York Yankees (1941–1956), and was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Whatever Happened to the Hall of Fame?, devoting several chapters to the shortstop's career and comparisons with similar players."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Rizzuto was modest about his achievements, saying, \"I never thought I deserved to be in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "He was inducted in 2009 into the New Jersey Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "At the time of his death, at age 89, Rizzuto was the oldest living member of Baseball's Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The slick-fielding Rizzuto is also regarded as one of the best bunters in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "James, however, did point out that there were numerous players in the Hall who were inferior to Rizzuto, and in 2001 he selected Rizzuto as the 16th greatest shortstop of all time, ahead of eight other Hall of Famers."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "The Hall of Fame is for the big guys, pitchers with 100 mph fastballs and hitters who sock homers and drive in a lot of runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Most baseball observers, including Rizzuto himself, came to believe that Derek Jeter had surpassed him as the greatest shortstop in Yankees history."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "James assessed Rizzuto's career statistics as historically substandard by Hall of Fame standards, although he acknowledged that credit must be given for the years he missed in World War II, and criticized many of the public arguments both for and against his selection; but despite noting that Rizzuto was a great defensive player and a good hitter he stated that he could not endorse his candidacy, as there were too many similar players with virtually identical accomplishments."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He was well known for his trademark expression \"holy cow!\" Rizzuto was born on September 25, 1917 in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, the son of a streetcar motorman and his wife, both of whom were originally from Calabria, Italy."
}
] |
The baseball player Phil Rizzuto was in the National Baseball Hall of fame and was known for his catch phrase "jiminy!"
| 1 | 3 |
Phil Rizzuto
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Books by Darrow",
"text": "The papers of Clarence Darrow are located at the Library of Congress and the University of Minnesota Libraries."
}
] |
NQEoxi6D2Y4oLVTorqID
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Publications | Non-fiction",
"text": "Clarence Darrow: Attorney for the Damned by John A. Farrell, published by Doubleday in June 2011; includes new material opened to the public in June 2010 by the University of Minnesota Law Library through the Clarence Darrow Digital Collection"
},
{
"section_header": "Books by Darrow",
"text": "The papers of Clarence Darrow are located at the Library of Congress and the University of Minnesota Libraries."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious beliefs | Mecca Temple Debate",
"text": "This was held at New York City's Mecca Temple."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading | Primary sources",
"text": "The Story of My Life. New York: Scribner, 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading | Primary sources",
"text": "Darrow, Clarence. In the Clutches of the Law: Clarence Darrow's Letters (ed."
},
{
"section_header": "Books by Darrow",
"text": "Many of these letters and other material are available on the U of M's Clarence Darrow Digital Collection website."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Publications | Non-fiction",
"text": "\"Is Religion Necessary\" (Haldeman-Julius Publications); a transcript of the debate between Clarence Darrow and Rev. Robert MacGovern, 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Books by Darrow",
"text": "The Riesenfeld Rare Books Research Center of the University of Minnesota Law School has the largest collection of Clarence Darrow material including personal letters to and from Darrow."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Other",
"text": "The complete collection of Clarence Darrow's personal papers is housed at the University of Minnesota Libraries."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal career | National renown | Massie Trial",
"text": "Considered by The New York Times to be one of Darrow's three most compelling trials (along with the Scopes Trial and the Leopold and Loeb case), the case captivated the nation and most of white America strongly supported the honor killing defense."
}
] |
Letters by Clarence Darrow are kept safe in the New York Public Library.
| 0 | 0 |
Clarence Darrow
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Southworth was born in Harvard, Nebraska, to Orlando and Mariah Southworth and raised in Columbus, Ohio."
}
] |
NQWjm1cafi7zEqnuFxaS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Southworth had a son, Billy Southworth Jr., and a cousin, Bill Southworth, who both played professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Billy Southworth Jr. later became a professional baseball player for several seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Southworth was born in Harvard, Nebraska, to Orlando and Mariah Southworth and raised in Columbus, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "He played for the Birmingham Barons in 1917 and part of 1918, when he made the Pittsburgh Pirates and played in 64 major league games."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Southworth's cousin, Bill Southworth, appeared in the major leagues in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Harold Southworth (March 9, 1893 – November 15, 1969) was an American right fielder, center fielder and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Southworth decided to play baseball against his father's wishes."
},
{
"section_header": "Later managerial career",
"text": "Southworth's major league managerial win-loss record was 1,044–704."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "He had four older brothers who played baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "Southworth's Major League playing career reached the end of the road, as he appeared in only 19 games, five in the outfield, and batted only .188 with six hits."
}
] |
Billy Southworth played Major League Baseball after he went to Harvard University.
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Southworth
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Noble gases are commonly used in lighting because of their lack of chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The noble gases have also been referred to as inert gases, but this label is deprecated as many noble gas compounds are now known."
}
] |
NQoigzqxHC1FK7YwoExk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Under extreme conditions, krypton reacts with fluorine to form KrF2 according to the following equation: Kr + F2"
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Xenon reacts with fluorine to form numerous xenon fluorides according to the following equations: Xe + F2 → XeF2"
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "These lights are called after neon but often contain other gases and phosphors, which add various hues to the orange-red color of neon."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and atomic properties",
"text": "It was the insight that xenon has an ionization potential similar to that of the oxygen molecule that led Bartlett to attempt oxidizing xenon using platinum hexafluoride, an oxidizing agent known to be strong enough to react with oxygen."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Krypton difluoride is the most notable and easily characterized."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The noble gases have also been referred to as inert gases, but this label is deprecated as many noble gas compounds are now known."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "In theory, radon is more reactive than xenon, and therefore should form chemical bonds more easily than xenon does."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Configuration",
"text": "However, heavier noble gases such as radon are held less firmly together by electromagnetic force than lighter noble gases such as helium, making it easier to remove outer electrons from heavy noble gases."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Some noble gases have direct application in medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Noble gases are commonly used in lighting because of their lack of chemical reactivity."
}
] |
Gasses that easily react are called Noble gases because they react massively with other gases.
| 0 | 0 |
Noble gas
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu (德川家康, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
}
] |
NRI0jBG5GTsoVQeGymsO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the three \"Great Unifiers\" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Nobunaga (1570-1584) | Conflict with Hideyoshi",
"text": "The Komaki and Nagakute Campaign was the only time any of the great unifiers of Japan fought each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Shōgun (1603–1605)",
"text": "The Tokugawa shogunate would rule Japan for the next 260 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu (德川家康, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu was now the de facto ruler of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu in popular culture",
"text": "Tokugawa is the leader of Japan in Sid Meier's Civilization IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The first Tokugawa shōgun was posthumously deified with the name Tōshō Daigongen (東照大權現), the \"Great Gongen, Light of the East\". (A Gongen is believed to be a buddha who has appeared on Earth in the shape of a kami to save sentient beings)."
},
{
"section_header": "Shōgun (1603–1605)",
"text": "As shōgun, he used his remaining years to create and solidify the Tokugawa shogunate, which ushered in the Edo period, and was the third shogunal government (after the Kamakura (Minamoto) and the Ashikaga)."
},
{
"section_header": "Ōgosho (1605–1616) | Conflict with Hideyori",
"text": "With the Toyotomi line finally extinguished, no threats remained to the Tokugawa clan's domination of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He implemented a set of careful rules known as the bakuhan system, designed to keep the daimyos and samurai in check under the Tokugawa Shogunate."
}
] |
Tokugawa Ieyasu is the first shogun of Tokugawa and called one of the great unifiers of Japan.
| 2 | 5 |
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her adoptive mother was a nurse and receptionist while her adoptive father was a Disciples of Christ pastor; both were originally from Canada."
}
] |
NRJ8UkNamN52hplq5qLq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "After appearing in several theatrical and television roles during the 1980s, McDormand gradually gained renown and critical acclaim for her dramatic work in film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "McDormand's first professional acting job was in Derek Walcott's play In a Fine Castle also known as The Last Carnival, which was funded by the MacArthur Foundation and performed in Trinidad."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her adoptive mother was a nurse and receptionist while her adoptive father was a Disciples of Christ pastor; both were originally from Canada."
}
] |
McDormand's mom worked as a secretary when she was young.
| 0 | 0 |
Frances McDormand
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand personality",
"text": "Where two products resemble each other, but one of the products has no associated branding (such as a generic, store-branded product), potential purchasers may often select the more expensive branded product on the basis of the perceived quality of the brand or on the basis of the reputation of the brand owner."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand personality",
"text": "Marketers tend to treat brands as more than the difference between the actual cost of a product and its selling price; rather brands represent the sum of all valuable qualities of a product to the consumer and are often treated as the total investment in brand building activities including marketing communications."
}
] |
NRoQ5ZZh4xoHRfTEaut7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Social media brands",
"text": "Most of the Companies do local or offline branding exercise and spent their money."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand names and trademarks",
"text": "More than a product it is a statement that one should seek to purchase by proxy of the brand"
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Mixed branding strategy",
"text": "The company sells its Elizabeth Arden brand through department stores and line of skin care products at Walmart with the \"skin simple\" brand name."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Company name",
"text": "Exactly how the company name relates to product and services names forms part of a brand architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand personality",
"text": "Where two products resemble each other, but one of the products has no associated branding (such as a generic, store-branded product), potential purchasers may often select the more expensive branded product on the basis of the perceived quality of the brand or on the basis of the reputation of the brand owner."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand personality",
"text": "Marketers tend to treat brands as more than the difference between the actual cost of a product and its selling price; rather brands represent the sum of all valuable qualities of a product to the consumer and are often treated as the total investment in brand building activities including marketing communications."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Company name",
"text": "Decisions about company names and product names and their relationship depend on more than a dozen strategic considerations."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand names and trademarks",
"text": "A brand name is the part of a brand that can be spoken or written and identifies a product, service or company and sets it apart from other comparable products within a category."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Multiproduct branding strategy | Product line extension",
"text": "Although, line extension has potential negative outcomes with one being that other items in the company's line may be disadvantaged because of the sale of the extension."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand names and trademarks",
"text": "A brand name is not to be confused with a trademark which refers to the brand name or part of a brand that is legally protected."
}
] |
A name brand item sells for more than the store product in part due to the money spent on marketing.
| 0 | 4 |
Brand
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "The Zora Neale Hurston House in Fort Pierce has been designated as a National Historic Landmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston's hometown of Eatonville, Florida, celebrates her life annually in Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities."
}
] |
NRzr52DoKHjbGoE2Jev1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "Why fear? The stuff of my being is matter, ever changing, ever moving, but never lost; so what need of denominations and creeds to deny myself the comfort of all my fellow men?"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston's hometown of Eatonville, Florida, celebrates her life annually in Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Public obscurity",
"text": "He had become disenchanted with communism, but he used the struggle of African Americans for respect and economic advancement as both the setting and the motivation for his work."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "Her remains were in an unmarked grave until 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Public obscurity",
"text": "Younger writers felt that it was demeaning to use such dialect, given the racially charged history of dialect fiction in American literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "Walker commissioned a gray marker inscribed with \"ZORA NEALE HURSTON /"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "The Zora Neale Hurston House in Fort Pierce has been designated as a National Historic Landmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "'Jumpin' at the Sun': Reassessing the Life and Work of Zora Neale Hurston focused on her work and influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "It is home to the Zora Neale Hurston Museum of Fine Arts, and a library named for her opened in January 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker."
}
] |
Zora Neale Hudson slipped into obscurity and remained there, never being given any respectable attention, even after dying.
| 2 | 3 |
Zora Neale Hurston
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Recordings and public performances",
"text": "Churchill's favourite hymns were sung, including the \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\"."
}
] |
NSqs9Q7H9emD4z0AHdFn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Creation of the \"Battle Hymn\"",
"text": "Howe's \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\" was first published on the front page of The Atlantic Monthly of February 1862."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Creation of the \"Battle Hymn\"",
"text": "Staying at the Willard Hotel in Washington on the night of November 18, 1861, Howe wrote the verses to the \"Battle Hymn of the Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Creation of the \"Battle Hymn\"",
"text": "Both \"John Brown\" and \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\" were published in Father Kemp's Old Folks Concert Tunes in 1874 and reprinted in 1889."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\", also known as"
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings and public performances",
"text": "Churchill's favourite hymns were sung, including the \"Battle Hymn of the Republic\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Other songs set to this tune",
"text": "Some songs make use of both the melody and elements of the lyrics of \"The Battle Hymn of the Republic\", either in tribute or as a parody: \"Marching Song of the First Arkansas\" is a Civil War-era song that has a similar lyrical structure to \"The Battle Hymn of the Republic\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings and public performances",
"text": "At Winston Churchill's funeral January 30th, 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Popularity and widespread use",
"text": "In the years since the Civil War, \"The Battle Hymn of the Republic\" has been used frequently as an American patriotic song."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Other songs set to this tune",
"text": "The 1994 World Cup official song \"Gloryland\" interpreted by Daryl Hall and the Sounds of Blackness has the tune of \"The Battle Hymn of the Republic\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Other songs set to this tune",
"text": "In 1901 Mark Twain wrote \"The Battle Hymn of the Republic, Updated\", with the same tune as the original, as a comment on the Philippine–American War."
}
] |
The Battle Hymn of the Republic was a favorite song of, Winston Churchill.
| 0 | 5 |
Battle Hymn of the Republic
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called \"the Doctor\", an extraterrestrial being, to all appearances human."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired."
}
] |
NSr6hE9TxxoPcczkv8K4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Doctor explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The Doctor fled Gallifrey in a stolen TARDIS (\"Time and Relative Dimension in Space\"), a time machine that travels by materialising into and dematerialising out of the time vortex."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The Doctor has gained numerous reoccurring enemies during their travels, including the Daleks, the Cybermen, and the Master, another renegade Time Lord."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and other appearances | Dr. Who films",
"text": "In these films, Peter Cushing plays a human scientist named \"Dr. Who\", who travels with his granddaughter, niece and other companions in a time machine he has invented."
},
{
"section_header": "Scholarly views",
"text": "Less Traveled in Art Education."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor",
"text": "In the programme's early days, the character was an eccentric alien traveller of great intelligence who battled injustice while exploring time and space in an unreliable time machine, the \"TARDIS\" (an acronym for Time and Relative Dimension in Space), which notably appears much larger on the inside than on the outside (a quality referred to as \"dimensional transcendentality\").The initially irascible and slightly sinister"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The programme was originally intended to appeal to a family audience as an educational programme using time travel as a means to explore scientific ideas and famous moments in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Companions",
"text": "The only story from the original series in which the Doctor travels alone is The Deadly Assassin (1976)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Public consciousness",
"text": "In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS' blue police box design in merchandising associated with Doctor Who."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called \"the Doctor\", an extraterrestrial being, to all appearances human."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired."
}
] |
Doctor Who is about a "Doctor" who time travels in a box.
| 2 | 4 |
Doctor Who
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Return to Russia and death",
"text": "In St. Petersburg on 18 September 1783, after a lunch with his family, Euler was discussing the newly discovered planet Uranus and its orbit with a fellow academician Anders Johan Lexell, when he collapsed from a brain hemorrhage."
}
] |
NTKqmBhmWsiJ3S4exSDS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Return to Russia and death",
"text": "He died a few hours later. Jacob von Staehlin-Storcksburg wrote a short obituary for the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian mathematician Nicolas Fuss, one of Euler's disciples, wrote a more detailed eulogy, which he delivered at a memorial meeting."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Return to Russia and death",
"text": "In his eulogy for the French Academy, French mathematician and philosopher Marquis de Condorcet, wrote: il cessa de calculer et de vivre— ... he ceased to calculate and to live."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Return to Russia and death",
"text": "In 1785, the Russian Academy of Sciences put a marble bust of Leonhard Euler on a pedestal next to the Director's seat and, in 1837, placed a headstone on Euler's grave."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected bibliography",
"text": "Euler, Leonhard (2015). Elements of Algebra."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, Switzerland, where Leonhard spent most of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected bibliography",
"text": "A definitive collection of Euler's works, entitled Opera Omnia, has been published since 1911 by the Euler Commission of the Swiss Academy of Sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Euler later won this annual prize twelve times."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Saint Petersburg",
"text": "Euler mastered Russian and settled into life in Saint Petersburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Saint Petersburg",
"text": "On 31 July 1726, Nicolaus died of appendicitis after spending less than a year in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Physics and astronomy",
"text": "His calculations contributed to the development of accurate longitude tables."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Return to Russia and death",
"text": "In St. Petersburg on 18 September 1783, after a lunch with his family, Euler was discussing the newly discovered planet Uranus and its orbit with a fellow academician Anders Johan Lexell, when he collapsed from a brain hemorrhage."
}
] |
Leonhard Euler died when he was shot by an agent of the Russian government. It was later, and famously, said by the aristocrat that commissioned his assassination that, "he ceased to calculate and to live".
| 0 | 0 |
Leonhard Euler
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philadelphia, colloquially Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2019 estimated population of 1,584,064."
}
] |
NUcpDaiHzezQ2VvyoFXr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Cityscape | City planning",
"text": "The Philadelphia Housing Authority (PHA) is the largest landlord in Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philadelphia, colloquially Philly, is the largest city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city with a 2019 estimated population of 1,584,064."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and government | Courts",
"text": "The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, the court of last resort in the state, regularly hears arguments in Philadelphia City Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and government | Courts",
"text": "The Superior Court of Pennsylvania and the Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania also sit in Philadelphia several times a year."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania with the headquarters of five Fortune 1000 companies located within city limits."
},
{
"section_header": "Sister cities",
"text": "Philadelphia also has three partnership cities or regions: Philadelphia has eight official sister cities as designated by the Citizen Diplomacy International of Philadelphia: Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tech and biotech",
"text": "Philadelphia and Pennsylvania are attracting new life sciences ventures."
},
{
"section_header": "Law and government | Courts",
"text": "Philadelphia County is coterminous with the First Judicial District of Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, home of the Philadelphia Orchestra, and the Academy of Music, home of Opera Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to five Fortune 1000 companies."
}
] |
Philadelphia is the biggest city in Pennsylvania.
| 0 | 0 |
Philadelphia
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"First voyage\" (1497–1498)",
"text": "This is perhaps the most controversial of Vespucci's voyages and many historians doubt that it took place as described."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although historians still dispute the authorship and veracity of these accounts, at the time they were instrumental in raising awareness of the new discoveries and enhancing the reputation of Vespucci as an explorer and navigator."
}
] |
NV4J7YsCXgAx59mHjsj4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Nevertheless, this document was the original inspiration for naming the American continent in honour of Amerigo Vespucci."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "Once there, we determined that the new land was not an island but a continent... Vespucci's voyages became widely known in Europe after two accounts attributed to him were published between 1503 and 1505."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci (, Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence (modern Italy), from whose name the terms America and Americas are derived."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"First voyage\" (1497–1498)",
"text": "This is perhaps the most controversial of Vespucci's voyages and many historians doubt that it took place as described."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "The Soderini Letter gave Vespucci credit for discovery of this new continent and implied that the Portuguese map was based on his explorations."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Most historians now accept them as the work of Vespucci but aspects of the accounts are still disputed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although historians still dispute the authorship and veracity of these accounts, at the time they were instrumental in raising awareness of the new discoveries and enhancing the reputation of Vespucci as an explorer and navigator."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1503 and 1505, two booklets were published under his name, containing colourful descriptions of these explorations and other alleged voyages."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages | \"Third voyage\" (1501–1502)",
"text": "Coelho left Cape Verde in June and from this point, Vespucci's account is the only surviving record of their explorations."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "In 1538, Gerardus Mercator used America to name both the North and South continents on his influential map."
}
] |
Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci has two continents named for him despite the accounts of his voyages being doubted by historians.
| 0 | 0 |
Amerigo Vespucci
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch."
}
] |
NVO5N6ZN3oiIxvSEvcAU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The book is still as strong as it ever was, and so is the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "All the kids in the United States read this book and see the film in the seventh and eighth grades and write papers and essays."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "That film was a work of art\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Play",
"text": "The book has also been adapted as a play by Christopher Sergel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Lee was pleased with the film, \"In that film the man and the part met ... I've had many, many offers to turn it into musicals, into TV or stage plays, but I've always refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Peck met Lee's father, the model for Atticus, before the filming."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "I said, 'Have you read the book?'"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "She's someone who has made a difference ... with this book."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The film's producer, Alan J. Pakula, remembered Universal Pictures executives questioning him about a potential script: \"They said, 'What story do you plan to tell for the film?'"
}
] |
The book has only been adapted to film once.
| 0 | 0 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "A seventeen-actor ensemble received star billing in The Grand Budapest Hotel."
}
] |
NVg88HONFRcZX0Zs7vpc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel ensemble comprised mostly bit cameos."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Saoirse Ronan joined The Grand Budapest Hotel in November 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "A seventeen-actor ensemble received star billing in The Grand Budapest Hotel."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Jeff Goldblum as Kovacs, the lawyer representing Grand Budapest interests Harvey Keitel as Ludwig, leader of a prison gang at Checkpoint Nineteen Tom Wilkinson as Author, writer of The Grand Budapest Hotel Jude Law as the young Author in 1968"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Cinematography",
"text": "They rendered the observatory with 20 different elements, data furthermore enhanced at Anderson's request."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Dafoe and Fiennes in particular found the animatics helpful in conceptualizing The Grand Budapest Hotel from Anderson's perspective, though Fiennes did not refer to them too often, remarking, \"They were helpful because you thought, 'O.K., he has his plan'."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "the Grand Budapest Hotel's renowned concierge Tony Revolori as Zero Moustafa, the newly hired bellhop mentored by Gustave"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Set design",
"text": "\"Pastries are an important motif in The Grand Budapest Hotel story."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel was considered a surprise box office success."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In Paris, The Grand Budapest Hotel screenings were the weekend's biggest numbers."
}
] |
The Grand Budapest Hotel had a cast of 20 people.
| 0 | 0 |
The Grand Budapest Hotel
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch."
}
] |
NWyzOZWzEhQ8BFtz398L
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "Lee and Peck shared a friendship long after the movie was made."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1962 film",
"text": "The book was made into the well-received 1962 film with the same title, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Southern life and racial injustice",
"text": "Furthermore, the victim of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird was physically impaired, which made him unable to commit the act he was accused of, but also crippled him in other ways."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Genres",
"text": "Scholars have characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and a Bildungsroman."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "Watchman contains early versions of many of the characters from To Kill a Mockingbird."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "In his remarks, Bush stated, \"One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better."
}
] |
To Kill a Mockingbird was made into a movie that starred Cary Grant.
| 2 | 4 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are expected to collide in around 4.5 billion years, merging to form a giant elliptical galaxy or a large lenticular galaxy."
}
] |
NX4oPaaR3B4XUDqWfLu1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Collision with the Milky Way",
"text": "Andromeda Galaxy's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way is relatively much smaller than the approaching velocity and therefore it is expected to collide directly with the Milky Way in about 4 billion years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are expected to collide in around 4.5 billion years, merging to form a giant elliptical galaxy or a large lenticular galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "Collision with the Milky Way",
"text": "Before the galaxies merge, there is a small chance that the Solar System could be ejected from the Milky Way or join the Andromeda Galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "Collision with the Milky Way",
"text": "The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Milky Way at about 110 kilometres per second (68 miles per second)."
},
{
"section_header": "General | Luminosity estimates",
"text": "The rate of novae in the Milky Way is also double that of Andromeda Galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "General | Luminosity estimates",
"text": "Should this continue, the luminosity of the Milky Way may eventually overtake that of Andromeda Galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "Discrete sources",
"text": "The microquasar was the first observed within the Andromeda Galaxy and the first outside of the Milky Way Galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "Satellites",
"text": "Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy has satellite galaxies, consisting of over 20 known dwarf galaxies."
},
{
"section_header": "Amateur observing",
"text": "The Andromeda Galaxy is the most distant object and the only spiral galaxy outside our Milky Way able to be seen with the naked eye."
},
{
"section_header": "General | Mass estimates",
"text": "This contradicted earlier measurements that seemed to indicate that the Andromeda Galaxy and Milky Way are almost equal in mass."
}
] |
The Andromeda Galaxy will collide with the Milky Way.
| 1 | 4 |
Andromeda Galaxy
|
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