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17,380,455 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/EURHEARTJ/18.SUPPL_A.117",
"MAG": "2182200299",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
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|
Physicians in the United States have recently published a guide to the definition and management of unstable angina pectoris. The guideline divides this condition into three main groups: 'rest', 'new onset' and 'increasing' angina. For the great majority of patients, medication involves heparin, acetylsalicylic acid, nitrates and beta-blockers. In some patient groups, calcium antagonists are appropriate treatment. These recommendations seem to be broadly supported by European cardiologists. Study of individual cases, however, reveals a continuing diversity of opinion.
|
2022-08-20T11:35:48.351Z
|
76,632,689 |
{
"externalids": {
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"DOI": "10.3181/00379727-32-7944P",
"MAG": "2330392710",
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"status": null,
"url": null
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|
Creatine in the form of phosphocreatine is thought to play a significant part in muscular activity, and the functional capacity of muscle is apparently reflected by its creatine content. It is of interest to determine in what degree the retention of nitrogenous products influences the level of creatine in heart muscle and how the creatine content is also influenced by clinical and morphological manifestations of cardiac incompetency. A study of the creatine content of heart muscle should therefore offer many interesting possibilities from the standpoint of both creatine metabolism and heart disease which are complementary to each other. A preliminary report of our work dealing with this subject was presented before this Society in January, 1932, the first publication appearing in April, 1934. 1 The concentration of creatine in the left ventricular muscle of the human was found to exceed that of the right ventricle by about 30%. Attention was also called to certain correlations between creatine content, and age and heart weight. This general study has been continued, special attention being given to the inclusion of cases with marked nitrogen retention and heart failure. It has been observed that in cases of marked creatinine retention without heart failure there is considerable increase not only in the creatine content of voluntary muscle but also in that of the left and right ventricle. In lobar pneumonia the creatine content of both the voluntary and left ventricular muscle was appreciably increased, due possibly to retention. Low figures for the right ventricle in several cases were suggestive of right heart failure. It was a singular fact that in cases of uremia with heart failure, the creatine content of the voluntary muscle was essentially normal, despite high figures for the blood creatinine, while the creatine concentration of the left and right ventricles was reduced, the reduction being greatest generally in the left ventricle.
|
2022-09-08T11:47:58.882Z
|
54,756,140 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1155/2017/6240984",
"MAG": "2604119166",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mpe/2017/6240984.pdf"
}
|
An analytical mobility model based on Erlang distribution is introduced to portray sparse and dense traffic scenarios in the distributions of time headway. Upon the mobility model, the connectivity probability is then derived in two-way highway when adopting store-forward strategy. Moreover, path losses with and without beamforming antenna array are compared to further study the connectivity under different traffic density scenarios. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of beamforming technology in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is investigated and concluded through analytical study and simulations.
|
2022-09-30T00:21:42.589Z
|
35,369,004 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/ES048350Z",
"MAG": "2007890676",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Cyanobacterial toxins (CBTs), produced by glue-green algae, are one of the most common naturally occurring toxins found in potable waters. The microcystin family of CBTs present in drinking water sources poses a considerable threat to human health. In this study, we have demonstrated that ultrasonic irradiation at 640 kHz leads to rapid degradation of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Degradation of MC-LR present in the crude cyanobacterial extracts containing cell constituents has been studied with ultrasound under a variety of conditions. The degradation of MC-LR was demonstrated over a concentration range from 0.03 to 3.0 microM. Hydroxyl radical scavenger experiments indicate that hydroxyl radical is responsible for a significant fraction of the observed degradation, but other processes (hydrolysis/ pyrolysis) are also important. Analysis of the protein phosphatase inhibition activity of the reaction products indicates that the products from ultrasonic degradation of MC-LR do not exhibit any measurable biological activity. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic irradiation maybe an effective and practical method for the detoxification of microcystins from drinking water.
|
2022-12-10T23:43:08.675Z
|
229,388,049 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/03610470.2020.1843959",
"MAG": "3106611381",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Soft tribology (i.e., the measurement of friction as a function of speed between two compliant surfaces) has found applications in food science and there is a growing wealth of theoretical and practical knowledge of fundamental mechanisms of lubrication as well as increasingly strong correlations between tribology and sensory data. Soft tribology is generally conducted using either commercial or in-house built tribometers; however, the recent decade has seen a rise in the use of rheometers with tribology attachments. As such, soft tribological measurements using rheometers with tribological attachments are fast becoming a tool in the food scientists’ toolbox when it comes to measuring mouthfeel, but the lack of fundamental studies and standardized measuring protocols makes interpretation and comparison across studies challenging. This review aims to provide an introduction to the basics of soft tribology as well as summarize current methodologies and fundamental knowledge on using rheometers for tribological measurements. Based on current literature, knowledge gaps and potential avenues for future research have been identified. These include investigations on hydrophobicity of surfaces, surface wear (running-in), cleaning procedure of the attachment and tribopairs, speed (range and method of increase/decrease) and measuring system configuration. Leaving the aim and design of experiments at the discretion of the individual researcher, recommendations for food scientists aiming to conduct studies on soft tribology of food are given, with a focus on reporting for better comparison between studies.
|
2022-04-06T15:11:40.207Z
|
2,949,327 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1089/zeb.2008.0541",
"MAG": "2068755144",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Zebrafish rapidly alter their pigmentation in response to environmental changes. For black melanocytes, this change is due to aggregation or dispersion of melanin in the cell. Dispersion and aggregation are controlled by intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, which increase upon stimulation by alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) or reduce with melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). In mammals and birds, the melanocortin-1-receptor (MC1R) responds to MSH, and stimulates the synthesis of black eumelanin. While MSH-cAMP signaling stimulates melanogenesis in mammals, and melanosome dispersal in cold-blood vertebrates, the pathway components are highly conserved. However, it has only been assumed that mc1r mediates melanosome dispersal in fish. Here, using morpholino oligonucleotides designed to knockdown mc1r expression, we find that mc1r morphants are unable to disperse melanosomes when grown in dark conditions. We also use chemical modifiers of the cAMP pathway, and find an unexpected response to the specific phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, rolipram, in melanosome dispersal. When treated with the drug, melanosomes fail to fully disperse in dark conditions, despite presumed increased levels of cAMP, and in contrast to the effects of the nonselective PDE inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. In conclusion, we demonstrate a direct role for mc1r in zebrafish melanosome dispersal in response to background, and use chemical modification of this pathway to uncover a possible new layer of regulation in melanosome dispersal in zebrafish.
|
2022-12-20T10:42:38.619Z
|
254,954,035 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.46332/aemj.1039915",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.46332/aemj.1039915"
}
|
Aim: The aim was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the corrected calcium formulas in the diagnosis of hypocalcemia.
Materials and Methods: Corrected calcium levels were calculated using the Modified Orrell, Orrell, Payne, Berry and James methods. Individuals were divided into groups according to albumin levels. In each of the hypoalbuminemia and normoalbuminemia groups, diagnostic performance values of measured serum total calcium, and corrected total calcium concentration in the diagnosis of hypocalcemia was calculated. The hypocalcemia was diagnosed by free calcium levels
Results: 46.3% of the results were in the hypoalbuminemia group and 53.7% in the normoalbuminemia group. The test with the highest sensitivity in the hypoalbuminemia group was the measured total calcium test (80.3%). Sensitivity was
|
2022-12-23T02:14:36.266Z
|
97,310,637 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1071/CH9831291",
"MAG": "2045999752",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Cycloaddition between 1,1'-bicyclohexenyl(3) and the perhalocyclopropenes (4) affords the la,1b,2,-3,4,5,6,7,8,9,9a,9b-dodecahydrocyclopropa[/]phenanthrenes (5). Whilst halides (5a,b) are resistant to dehydrohalogenation, the difluoro derivatives (5c,d) yield 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydrophenanthrene-9-carbaldehyde (12) with base. Under debromination conditions compound (5d) is converted into 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10a-decahydrophenanthrene-9-carboxylic acid (14) probably by way of the ring strained cyclopropene (9).
|
2022-09-14T02:01:19.373Z
|
44,966,121 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1101/lm.039354.115",
"MAG": "2264976107",
"PubMedCentral": "4749840"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://learnmem.cshlp.org/content/23/1/46.full.pdf"
}
|
Numerous studies have investigated how stress impacts veridical memory, but how stress influences false memory formation remains poorly understood. In order to target memory consolidation specifically, a psychosocial stress (TSST) or control manipulation was administered following encoding of 15 neutral, semantically related word lists (DRM false memory task) and memory was tested 24 h later. Stress decreased recognition of studied words, while increasing false recognition of semantically related lure words. Moreover, while control subjects remembered true and false words equivalently, stressed subjects remembered more false than true words. These results suggest that stress supports gist memory formation in the DRM task, perhaps by hindering detail-specific processing in the hippocampus.
|
2022-11-12T16:35:55.028Z
|
232,154,142 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0022377821000106",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Finding less complicated coils that have adequately low field errors is a crucial step in stellarator development. One coil metric that is of high importance is the maximum curvature of the coil centreline, or coil single filament. Conductors cannot be bent below some threshold minimum radius of curvature. High coil curvatures can cause strains to exceed acceptable levels, especially in superconducting coils. We investigate three ways to optimize coil curvature and find that applying penalty functions to the coil curvature solves for coils that have a constrained maximum curvature and low field error. Penalty functions are implemented in FOCUS and coil solutions optimized for an HSX-like ‘plasma boundary’ are presented.
|
2022-11-18T17:41:34.178Z
|
32,433,070 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.22203/ECM.V010A02",
"MAG": "178655038",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on primary rat osteoblast-like cells cultured as monolayer and micromass were investigated. Cr was added to the medium at concentrations of either 10 or 20 mM. At various time points, the cell cultures were analyzed morphologically, metabolically and biochemically. The degree of differentiation of primary osteoblast-like cell cultures was higher in micromass cultures compared to monolayer cultures, as judged by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and extent of mineralization. In both culture systems, Cr supplementation showed positive effects, which were dependent on the organizational level of the osteoblast-like cells in such a way that the cells in monolayer culture showed significantly increased metabolic activity, ALP activity and mineralization in the presence of Cr than without the supplement. In micromass cultures, Cr also significantly enhanced ALP activity and mineralization, without affecting metabolic activity. The effect of Cr on ALP activity was more pronounced at higher concentrations of Cr, but 20 mM Cr already showed some adverse effects on cell viability. In conclusion, chemically pure Cr added to low serum cell culture medium has a stimulatory effect on metabolic activity, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast-like cells indicating that Cr supplementation could also be used as a potential clinical intervention to stimulate cell growth, differentiation and mineralization during bone repair in vivo.
|
2022-12-18T17:15:09.571Z
|
242,164,617 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1757-899X/518/5/052007",
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"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Due to the rapid development of our life toward a life with high-quality communication systems, which require large data rates for transfer such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX), and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) which use Multiple Input - Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. Therefore, become necessary to interest in MIMO system parts especially the MIMO detector (MIMOD). A good detector system must have two important goals, low Computational Complexity (CC) and good Symbol Error Rate (SER) performance). To achieve that two important goals, our work divided into two parts. The first part, by using an unequal power transmission (UEPT) scheme in instead of equal power transmission (EPT) scheme to get a good SER. The second part, how to reduced CC, this achieved by changing the Euclidean Distance (ED) by using Manhattan Distance (MD). The simulation results show us a slight improvement in the SER performance of about 1.1 dB as average gain and a good reduction in CC about 24% as average reduction in visited nodes when using the UEPT with MD against using EPT with ED.
|
2022-12-23T01:59:05.483Z
|
208,389,506 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2335/scs.47.290",
"MAG": "2981080528",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/scs/47/4/47_290/_pdf"
}
|
The superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is an effective surgical option to treat stenosis of the intraor extra-cranial arteries. However, anastomosis of narrow arteries is a technically difficult procedure. Indeed, several complications including a damaged vessel during surgery have been reported. Here, we describe a successful arterial anastomosis during the STA-MCA bypass surgery. This approach comprised three steps. First, the cut end of the STA is prepared so that a neurosurgeon can easily keep the STA lumen open during anastomosis. Second, a sterile gelatin sponge is used to prevent flooding of spinal fluid. Third, sequential order of suturing in anastomosis of the STA and MCA is crucial. Combination of these tips provides an easy, fast, and solid approach, resulting in a secure anastomosis and at least one year of patency in 19 out of 20 cases.
|
2022-06-08T12:55:33.663Z
|
250,964,166 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.18173/2354-1059.2022-0023",
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"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The elastic modulus of the body-centered cubic (BCC) films is studied based on the moment method. For Fe, Ta, and W films a clear elastic modulus dependence of the thickness at ambient conditions and under temperatures up to 2000 K. The obtained results of the values of elastic modulus metallic films are smaller than the corresponding values of bulk material. Calculated results show the effects of temperature and thickness of elastic modulus for Fe, Ta, and W metallic films. On the other hand, when the thickness of thin films is about 60nm then the elastic modulus of the BCC films approaches the values of bulk material. Our results are compared with the other theoretical results and experimental values of bulk materials.
|
2022-07-23T22:55:34.124Z
|
129,262,070 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1029/2012JB009374",
"MAG": "2795536152",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
[1] Experiments are carried out by releasing angular rock fragments down a curved chute and by measuring the basal pressures that are exerted by the granular flows on the basal containing surface (the substrate). The purpose of these experiments is to understand the mechanisms of energy dissipation and interaction with the ground of rock avalanches and dense pyroclastic flows. Our data show that collisions due to particle agitation affect significantly the basal interaction of granular flows. In particular, our experiments reveal that particle agitation per unit of flow mass increases as grain size increases or as flow volume decreases (with all the other features the same). This is so because as grain size increases or as flow volume decreases (with all the other features the same), there are fewer particles in the flows and the agitation due to the interaction with the rough containing boundary surfaces penetrates relatively more inside the flows. The analysis of the experimental data generates a linear relationship between particle agitation (expressed as a dimensionless basal pressure deviation) and a parameter which is directly proportional to the square of grain size and inversely proportional to the cube root of flow volume. This relationship shows the intrinsic ability of the granular flows to dissipate more energy (larger particle agitation per unit of flow mass) or less energy (smaller particle agitation per unit of flow mass) as a function of flow volume and grain size.
|
2022-11-11T07:58:30.001Z
|
241,994,795 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5944/rdh.39.2020.22934",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "http://revistas.uned.es/index.php/rdh/article/download/22934/21554"
}
|
Resumen: Este artículo analiza un conjunto de escenas fotográficas en las costas marítimas de la Unión Europea (UE), divulgadas por fotógrafos presentes en los lugares a los que llegan los inmigrantes. Intentamos responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuál es el lugar del sujeto en el mundo? a través del análisis de las imágenes seleccionadas que reproducen este drama humanitario. Desde una metodología hermenéutica, intentamos dar respuesta a la retórica de la exclusión que dibuja, metafóricamente, dos mundos separados; los inmigrantes frente a los residentes europeos y pone de manifiesto el (no)lugar del inmigrante en el discurso de las políticas migratorias de la UE. El resultado es la reproducción del imaginario colectivo que alimenta el racismo y las xenofobias donde la invisibilidad del inmigrante tiene su construcción social. Concluimos que los cambios positivos, pueden estar representados en las manos solidarias de los que salvan vidas en el Mediterráneo que desvelan una mirada (imagen simbólica) de que sólo existe un mundo, y en él, viene el derecho a la una vida digna para todos.Abstract: This article analyses a set of photographs of the maritime coasts of the European Union (EU), released by photographers located in places where immigrants arrive on precarious ships, fleeing poverty and the wars that afflict them. The study tries to answer the question "What is the place of the subject in the world?” through the analysis of the selected images that reproduce a humanitarian drama. The results indicate the following discursive arguments: the rhetoric of exclusion draws, metaphorically, two separate worlds, immigrants versus European residents, and highlights the (non)place of the immigrant in the discourse of EU migration policies; a reproduction of the collective imaginary that feeds racism and xenophobia, where the invisibility of the immigrant is a social construct; the positive changes for humanity, which can be represented in the hands of solidarity of those who save lives in the Mediterranean, revealing a symbolic image: There is only one world, and with it, the right to a dignified life for all.
|
2022-12-10T09:44:07.231Z
|
14,010,286 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1002983",
"MAG": "2093478317",
"PubMedCentral": "3499565"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002983&type=printable"
}
|
Bacterial cyclic glucans are glucose polymers that concentrate within the periplasm of alpha-proteobacteria. These molecules are necessary to maintain the homeostasis of the cell envelope by contributing to the osmolarity of Gram negative bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that Brucella β 1,2 cyclic glucans are potent activators of human and mouse dendritic cells. Dendritic cells activation by Brucella β 1,2 cyclic glucans requires TLR4, MyD88 and TRIF, but not CD14. The Brucella cyclic glucans showed neither toxicity nor immunogenicity compared to LPS and triggered antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses in vivo. These cyclic glucans also enhanced antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses including cross-presentation by different human DC subsets. Brucella β 1,2 cyclic glucans increased the memory CD4+ T cell responses of blood mononuclear cells exposed to recombinant fusion proteins composed of anti-CD40 antibody and antigens from both hepatitis C virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus cyclic glucans represent a new class of adjuvants, which might contribute to the development of effective antimicrobial therapies.
|
2022-12-20T02:42:30.341Z
|
20,337,936 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/bit.25691",
"MAG": "2122499468",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Many mammalian cell lines used in the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals exhibit high glycolytic flux predominantly channeled to the production of lactate. The accumulation of lactate in culture reduces cell viability and may also decrease product quality. In this work, we engineered a HEK 293 derived cell line producing a recombinant gene therapy retroviral vector, by down‐regulating hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK). Specific productivity of infectious viral titers could be increased more than 20‐fold for single gene knock‐down (HIF1 or PDK) and more than 30‐fold under combined down‐regulation. Lactate production was reduced up to 4‐fold. However, the reduction in lactate production, alone, was not sufficient to enhance the titer: high‐titer clones also showed significant enrolment of metabolic routes not related to lactate production. Transcriptome analysis indicated activation of biological amines metabolism, detoxification routes, including glutathione metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen biosynthesis and amino acid catabolism. The latter were validated by enzyme activity assays and metabolite profiling, respectively. High‐titer clones also presented substantially increased transcript levels of the viral genes expression cassettes. The results herein presented demonstrate the impact of HIF1 and PDK down‐regulation on the production performance of a mammalian cell line, reporting one of the highest fold‐increase in specific productivity of infectious virus titers achieved by metabolic engineering. They additionally highlight the contribution of secondary pathways, beyond those related to lactate production, that can be also explored to pursue improved metabolic status favoring a high‐producing phenotype. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 150–162. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
2022-12-10T17:36:51.328Z
|
44,106,138 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1613/jair.1.11204",
"MAG": "2810709475",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "publisher-specific license",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://jair.org/index.php/jair/article/download/11204/26416"
}
|
Gossip protocols aim at arriving, by means of point-to-point or group communications, at a situation in which all the agents know each other secrets. Distributed epistemic gossip protocols use as guards formulas from a simple epistemic logic and as statements calls between the agents. They are natural examples of knowledge based programs.We prove here that these protocols are implementable, that their partial correctness is decidable and that termination and two forms of fair termination of these protocols are decidable, as well. To establish these results we show that the definition of semantics and of truth of the underlying logic are decidable.
|
2022-12-26T10:53:09.911Z
|
147,578,652 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/1519757",
"MAG": "2325997526",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
This paper explores the ethnographic technique of the focused revisit-rare in sociology but common in anthropology-when an ethnographer returns to the site of a previous study. Discrepancies between earlier and later accounts can be attributed to differences in: (1) the relation of observer to participant, (2) theory brought to the field by the ethnographer, (3) internal processes within the field site itself or (4) forces external to the field site. Focused revisits tend to settle on one or another of these four explanations, giving rise to four types of focused revisits. Using examples, the limits of each type of focused revisit are explored with a view to developing a reflexive ethnography that combines all four approaches. The principles of the focused revisit are then extended to rolling, punctuated, heuristic, archeological, and valedictory revisits. In centering attention on ethnography-as-revisit sociologists directly confront the dilemmas of participating in the world they study-a world that undergoes (real) historical change that can only be grasped using a (constructed) theoretical lens
|
2022-12-28T22:49:10.444Z
|
26,074,522 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-311942",
"MAG": "2802368477",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://bjo.bmj.com/content/bjophthalmol/103/2/216.full.pdf"
}
|
Aims To evaluate quantitative metrics of the retinal microvasculature in eyes with diabetic retinopathy (DR) using various en face swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) image sizes. Methods Non-segmented and segmented images were acquired using an SS-OCTA device (PLEX Elite 9000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA). The scanning protocols included the 3×3 mm, 6×6 mm and 12×12 mm fields of view. Quantitative analysis of the perfusion density (PD), vessel length density (VLD) and fractal dimension (FD) was performed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was estimated to assess the ability of each image size to predict DR. Results This prospective, cross-sectional study included 60 eyes, (non-DR, 13 eyes; non-proliferative DR (NPDR), 24 eyes; proliferative DR (PDR), 23 eyes) of 46 patients with diabetes and 21 eyes of 16 healthy individuals. In the 12×12 mm images, the PD of healthy individuals was significantly greater than that of patients with NPDR or PDR for all layers (NPDR, p<0.05; PDR, p<0.001 0.001; FD, p<0.001) or PDR (VLD, p<0.001; FD, p<0.001 for all layers). The results were similar for the 3×3 mm and 6×6 mm images. Overall, PD, VLD and FD progressively decreased with worsening DR severity in segmented and non-segmented layers for all SS-OCTA scan sizes. For detecting DR, 3×3 mm images best predicted DR for all evaluated quantitative parameters. Conclusions Vascular changes in DR can be monitored in detail through quantitative evaluations that combine different SS-OCTA scan sizes and parameters.
|
2022-12-31T19:44:34.144Z
|
244,439,748 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.36706/fishtech.v10i1.13117",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://ejournal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/fishtech/article/download/13117/6467"
}
|
Increased production of aquacultured freshwater fish, such as Pangasius pangasius, Oreochromis niloticus, and Clarias batrachus, wich have low commercial value as potential alternative raw materials for surimi. This study aimed to determine the sensory characteristics of chikuwa produced using different raw materials of surimi and increase the diversity of processed fishery products that are highly nutritious with recommended physical quality. This research used the randomized block design (RBD) method with three repetitions. The treatment used were the difference in raw materials of surimi, P1 (Pangasius pangasius), P2 (Oreochromis niloticus) and P3 (Clarias batrachus). Parameters in this research included physical analysis of surimi (gel strength), chemical analysis of surimi (protein content and moisture content), and chikuwa sensory analysis. The results showed that Pangasius pangasius had a significant effect on surimi gel strength, surimi protein content and surimi water content, but had no significant effect on Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias batrachus. Based on the chemical analysis results, all raw materials for surimi have met the standard of SNI 01-2694-2013 except for Pangasius pangasius surimi protein (11,94%). Different raw materials of surimi had a significant effect on the appearance, taste, color, and texture of the organoleptic test. However, it had no significant effect on the chikuwa aroma parameters. Chikuwa (P1) produced the best characteristics from an organoleptic.
|
2022-01-27T02:16:45.237Z
|
86,724,884 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5958/0976-5506.2018.02108.3",
"MAG": "2912464951",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://eprints.umsida.ac.id/6718/1/HEALTH%20RELETED%20OF%20PATIENS.pdf"
}
|
Objective: This study were to identify the many factors (gender, age, education level, employment, accessibility, income, history of disease, dialysis duration, caregiver, nutrition) that might influence QoL scores on hemodialysis patients. Analysis: The quality of life (QoL) has become a recognized outcome in studies of the treatment for patients with undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Method: This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in Hemodialysis Unit of dr. Soetomo Hospital on September-October 2016. The subj of this study were 59 HD patients with HD therapy >3 months (twice a week) and used the SF-36 forms covering 8 domains of QoL, into physical composite summary (PCS), mental composite summary (MCS) and total score. Findings: the mean age was 44.3(±11.3), 52.5% were male. Most of participants were graduate from senior high school (54.2%), have nondiabetes mellitus history(91.5%), has spouse as caregiver (61%). The mean albumin scores were 3.8(±0.26). The total score mean was 65±20.1, PCS was 58.8(±19.6), MCS was 71.5(±29.4). There were significant correlation between age with RE and GH domain (s= -0.283;r=0.291), education level with PF domain(s=0.327), HD duration with BP, VT, and SF domain (s=0.278, 0.272 and 0.309 consecutively), nutrition with GH and VT domain (s=0.420;r=0.582) and significant comparison between history of disease with PF domain (P<0.006). Result: Factors affecting some QoL domain in HD patients were age, education level, history of disease, HD duration, and nutrition. Adequate management of these factors can increase patient outcomes.
|
2022-02-10T22:06:09.034Z
|
54,205,377 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1590/1089-6891V18E-42102",
"MAG": "2611421853",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis with important public health implications. The aims of this study were to determine and identify factors associated to the seroprevalence of anti- Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in humans and dogs from Jataizinho, Parana State, Brazil. Serum samples from 280 humans and 766 dogs, from rural and urban areas, were tested by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. Positive dilutions were ≥ 1:16. Epidemiological informations were obtained through an individual questionnaire and data tabulation was performed using EpiInfo 3.5.3 (CDC, Atlanta). Statistical significance was evaluated by chi-square (ᵪ2) or Fisher’s exact tests with a 5.0 % significance level. The seroprevalence in humans was 70.00% (196/280), as follows: 69.08% (143/207) in rural and 72.60% (53/73) in a slum urban community. The seroprevalence in dogs was 52.35% (401/766), as follows: 71.74% (99/138) in rural and 48.08% (302/628) in urban area. In rural areas, there was no factor associated to risk of infection. In urban slum community, visualizing more than four rats at home was a factor statistically associated to seropositivity for human toxoplamosis. Infection of urban dogs was associated to age, contact with stray dogs or rodents, and free access to street. The results indicated a similar possibility of contact with Toxoplasma gondii between dogs and humans living in rural or slum urban areas of small municipalities.
|
2022-04-08T00:12:52.571Z
|
54,475,154 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.17116/hirurgia201810155",
"MAG": "2901328440",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
AIM
To determine optimal treatment strategy for acute malignant colonic obstruction.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
349 patients with acute malignant colonic obstruction were retrospectively analyzed for the period 2005-2017. All patients were divided into two groups depending on surgical approach. Surgical group comprised 259 patients, endoscopic group - 90 patients. Both groups were comparable by gender, age, level of intestinal obstruction and duration of the disease. However, morbidity and mortality rate were significantly different.
RESULTS
In surgical group incidence of complications was 63.3%, mortality - 19.7%. In group of endoscopic stenting the same values were 8.9% and 6.7%, respectively. Significant differences of morbidity and mortality were observed between groups (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Endoscopic stenting should be preferred over surgery to eliminate colonic obstruction in patients with acute malignant ileus.
|
2022-05-11T02:39:05.822Z
|
4,884,862 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/SCS.0000000000003660",
"MAG": "2744808938",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Background: Binder syndrome is a rare congenital malformation with a flat facial profile especially a depressed nose. Rhinoplasty plays an important part in the multidisciplinary surgical protocol. Different materials have been proposed to reconstruct nasal framework. But fewer evidence concerns which graft can achieve more stable and appreciated nasal contour. In this article, the authors reported surgical details and experience of nasal framework reconstruction of Binder syndrome, compare the esthetic outcomes of 2 grafts: autologous costal cartilage and L-shaped silicone covered with auricular cartilage. Methods: A retrospective study of 25 Binder syndrome patients (9 with silicone and 16 with costal cartilage) was managed. Anthropometric method was used to evaluate nasal profiles preoperatively and postoperatively. Surgical techniques, complications were reviewed. Statistics analysis was managed. Probability (P) of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Tip proportions (angle of convexity of the face with nose, nose tip–length quotient, tip projection anterior glabellar line quotient) improved in silicone group, but cartilage group achieved superior esthetic outcomes than silicone in tip projection, subnasal protrusion, and nasal labial angle. Conclusion: Autologous costal cartilage is more favorable to reconstruct the nasal framework and regain nasal esthetics of Binder syndrome.
|
2022-10-25T14:27:04.126Z
|
26,847,170 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3109/02688697.2012.714818",
"MAG": "1986974595",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Several clinical and government reviews have recommended specialised rehabilitation services for those recovering from neurological insult or neurosurgical intervention. Despite this, provision of ‘rapid access’/acute neurorehabilitation units is extremely limited in the UK. In some areas, millions of people have no access to such facilities. Numerous articles have indicated that delayed access to neurorehabilitation in the acute recovery stage may worsen clinical outcomes and increase length of stay for patients. However, there has been a lack of studies directly comparing clinical outcomes between matched samples of patients in acute neurorehabilitation units versus patients receiving treatment-as-usual. In a study believed to be the first of its kind, this paper: (A) Describes the rationale and evidence base for acute neurorehabilitation. (B) Provides a comparison of clinical outcome scores Functional Independence Measure/Functional Assessment Measure (FIM-FAM) and also length of stay times for both of the aforementioned groups. The results show that all outcome areas except the ‘communication’ domain saw clinically and statistically significant improvements in the acute neurorehabilitation group. Length of stay was significantly reduced in the acute neurorehabilitation group. The case for reviewing the provision of acute neurorehabilitation units is now even more urgent and difficult to ignore.
|
2022-11-13T01:02:55.706Z
|
12,791,393 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/apa.12114",
"MAG": "2119130067",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Giant cell hepatitis (GCH) with Coombs-positive autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is a rare clinicopathological entity with early age onset and severe clinical course for which an autoimmune origin has been hypothesized. Aggressive immunosuppressive treatment may control disease progression but should be carried on for at least 5 years as relapse is frequent after early discontinuation and carries a poor prognosis. Different immunosuppressive drugs have been tried with varying degrees of benefit and several side effects, but due to few reported cases, no univocal data exist on which therapy might be the most effective. We describe a patient with GCH with AIHA who initially responded to the association of prednisone, cyclosporine and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) but developed severe steroid side effects. Early tapering of steroid was successfully managed with the association of cyclosporine and monthly infusion of high-dose IVIg. A 8-month-old male infant presented to the Emergency Department for hyporeactivity and marked pallor. He had been well until 1 month before admission when pallor and progressive irritability were noted. On physical examination he was pale and unresponsive. Liver and spleen were not palpable. His initial laboratory evaluation revealed a leukocyte count of 14.790/mm, haemoglobin 2.8 g/dL, platelets 604.000/mm, haptoglobin 3 mg/dl (normal range 34–200), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 700 IU/L, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 439 IU/L, total bilirubin 3.9 mg/dL (normal range 0.0–0.1), conjugated bilirubin of 1.38 mg/dL (normal range 0.00–0.20), International Normalized Ratio 1.04, activated partial thromboplastin time 0.28 sec. Evaluation of the anaemia revealed a positive direct and indirect Coombs test with warm antibody (IgG and anti-C3d). Microbiologic and molecular examinations were negative for hepatitis viruses A, B and C, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19 and herpes virus 6. Serology for Epstein–Barr (EBV) revealed low titer (<1/20) IgM antibodies against EBV virus capsid antigen (VCA) with positive IgG-VCA (>1/256) antibodies suggestive of recent primary infection. Antinuclear antibody, anti-smooth muscle and anti-liver/ kidney microsomal antibody tests were negative. Total immunoglobulin G level was within normal range. Liver histology revealed GCH with multinucleated giant hepathocytes, mild increase in inflammatory infiltrate and activation of Kupffer cells. He was initially treated with intravenous methylprednisolone 3 mg/kg/day followed by oral prednisone and cyclosporine 4 mg/kg/day. At the same time, the first infusion of IVIg was administered at a dose of 2 g/kg. Liver enzymes progressively decreased but the patient developed severe steroid-related side effects (hypertension, high intraocular pressure, cushingoid appearance with prominent cheeks and difficulty breathing and aggressive behaviour); for this reason, after 1 month of treatment, an attempt to reduce steroid dosage was made and prednisone was tapered to 2 mg/kg over 2 weeks. This was followed by a striking raise in aminotranserase levels. Cyclosporine dose was then increased to 5 mg/kg/day to reach serum levels between 150 and 200 ng/mL, and a second dose of IVIg was administered. Prednisone was replaced with betamethasone at an equivalent dose. Normalization of liver enzymes was obtained and treatment was subsequently continued with monthly infusions of IVIg of 2 g/kg, cyclosporine and betamethasone (Fig. 1). The former was adjusted to keep serum levels of 100–150 ng/mL, while betamethasone was slowly tapered over 4 months and maintained at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg/day with good control of hepatic and hematologic disease. After 6 months of treatment, aminotransferase persist within normal range; direct Coombs test continues to be positive but without evidence of haemolysis. Giant cell hepatitis with Coombs-positive AIHA is a rare entity characterized by severe liver disease that can rapidly progress to cirrhosis and hepatic failure (1–4). The mechanism of disease is not completely understood but the presence of Coombs positive haemolytic anaemia, the efficacy of immunosuppressive treatment and the occurrence of relapses when treatment doses are reduced strongly point to an autoimmune origin. In the present case, viral serology was suggestive of a recent EBV infection. This association has been reported previously (1); whether this is an incidental finding or EBV could act by triggering a genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity has not been established so far. The diagnosis of GCH with Coombs-positive AIHA should always be the first thought in a young child (after neonatal period) with a positive Coombs test of the IgG + C type and acute liver disease.
|
2022-12-15T09:56:23.397Z
|
144,457,222 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/13596740400200163",
"MAG": "2023493004",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13596740400200163?needAccess=true"
}
|
Abstract This article explores the experience of adult learners and their perceptions of learning using computer-based learning materials, mainly Learndirect packages. The findings are based on focus group interviews with learners in a range of settings, including centres in community-based organisations, further education colleges and private training providers based in the Midlands region of England. The research forms part of a larger study of partnership working and its role in widening participation in lifelong learning in the Black Country sub-region of England, but this article will focus specifically on the data from focus group interviews with learners. The findings reported here provide an insight into the ability of learners to articulate the benefits and the weakness of learning in this way, and to be clear about their learning goals. The data reveal aspects of the physical, social and psychological learning environment, which help learners participate in learning. This is, of course, useful for practitioners, but the individual stories also reveal deeper and more hurtful previous experiences, which cannot be tackled by tinkering with the learning environment or the learning materials.
|
2022-12-16T21:13:01.267Z
|
2,366,648 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICINIS.2010.97",
"MAG": "2121762324",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A adaptive filter was implemented in this paper, which was based on NLMS algorithm. High performance signals could be gotten by filtering the time-varying and unknown interference in the communication channels. The NLMS algorithm was achieved by discussing the principle of LMS algorithm and its improvements. It was concluded that NLMS algorithm could be implemented on FPGA chips. This paper described the method of the specific implementation. This method introduces bit-shift in terms of subsection instead of division operation, by which the operation speed of FPGA is improved apparently. The spectrogram of the output signals proved that the attenuation reached to 99.21 dB when the normalized frequency was 0.04375π offset from the center frequency. The adaptive filter could filter the interference effectively in the communication channels. Moreover, the implementation of this adaptive filter requires considerably less FPGA resources because of the decreases of its calculating complexity. It could meet the requirements of high-speed signal processing.
|
2022-12-17T23:48:30.428Z
|
169,713,224 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0256090919860406",
"MAG": "2897147283",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
What are the factors that explain variations in returns to farmers? Based on a study of 250 farmers in Chakdah block in West Bengal, Bora and Ray found that knowledge of new agricultural technology—high yielding varieties, fertilizers, and plant protection—was the most important factor. In enhancing the managerial ability of farmers, the authors feel that emphasis should be given to developing an orientation for planning and marketing and skills in decision making and communication, besides new agricultural technology.
|
2022-12-20T06:07:10.967Z
|
78,245,590 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5530/ami.2015.3.2",
"MAG": "2524453914",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.5530/ami.2015.3.2"
}
|
Background: Increasing incidence of Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) has emphasized the challenges of managing this condition. Traditional microscopic information often fails, especially when based on H & E methods. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular studies in combination with traditional histopathology may fill this gulf. Aims: The study was conducted to introduce new a grading system based on both histopathological and biological correlation of SCC. Settings and Design: A descriptive study included 180 cases of SCC of the skin (all regions of skin and oral mucosa). Cellular proliferation index (Ki-67 and p53 expression) was studied in SCC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). This study was carried out in the Department of Pathology from January 2006 to December 2008. Methods and Material: The clinicopathological information regarding age, sex, primary tumor site, tumor size, local recurrence, distance metastasis and follow-up status was collected for each case. Patient outcome was verified and updated through the medical records. Five micron thick (5μm) sections were cut from archival formalin fixed, paraffin embedded specimens. The first section was stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological analysis. Other sections were stained immunohistochemically with p53 and Ki-67 and then independently scored for the expression of p53 proteins and Ki-67 index. Results: SCC was designated low, intermediate, and high tirade grades based on the sum of point values assigned to each 4 scores of histological differentiation, staging, expression of p53 protein and Ki-67 index. Expression of p53 was found to be related to the Ki-67 and the scores of histology and stages of SCC. A significant correlation was found among the newly assigned grades, stages (Spearman correlation = 0.721, P value = 0.000). The grades were also significantly correlated with other prognostic factors like local invasion, lymph node and distance metastasis (Kendall's Tau-b = 0.394;p-value = 0.00). Tumor recurrence was also significantly based on grades of SCC (Kendall's Tau–b = 0.966, P value = 0.025). Conclusion: It was concluded that a new grading system is an important prognostic indicator of squamous cell carcinoma. This practical approach has potential to improve clinical evaluation of SCC in understanding the pathological as well as clinical behavior of SCC.
|
2022-02-11T04:58:25.864Z
|
233,177,897 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICBAIE52039.2021.9390017",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
With the development of more and more substations towards the direction of unattended, the substation in the field of personnel safety protection is becoming more and more automatic and intelligent. A video surveillance system is used to monitor the daily operating conditions of the substation. The application of more efficient video image analysis technology and detection technology to the monitoring system can effectively protect the substation staff in manual safety inspection. By more quickly detecting the movement track and position of personnel in the station, it is particularly important to give safety warnings to personnel who have entered the dangerous work area by mistake. Based on whether the substation personnel wear safety helmets as a benchmark, the article detects the wearing of the safety helmets of those entering high-risk areas to effectively distinguish between workers and non-workers. And through Yolo4’s detection technology, managers can clearly monitor the situation in the dangerous area, realize the effect of predicting the occurrence of danger in advance and minimizing the danger. Therefore, in response to the above problems, this paper simplified the feature fusion part based on Yolov4 and achieved the target detection effect with a more lightweight feature extraction backbone network. The improvement of the above method has effectively improved the detection speed of the network and has strong robustness.
|
2022-03-27T16:00:52.113Z
|
146,956,308 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/00049670.1993.10755656",
"MAG": "2325162937",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00049670.1993.10755656?needAccess=true"
}
|
The rejection by various schools of contemporary thought of traditional assumptions concerning the possibility of cognitive progress has important implications for professionals concerned with the preservation or dissemination of knowledge, and may be seen to impinge on fundamental questions of motivation, the setting of priorities and professional behaviour generally. Issues such as the possibility of objective knowledge, the role and significance of science and scholarship, and the status of the Western cultural tradition are currently matters of some controversy. The author contends that a belief in cognitive progress is compatible with a sophisticated understanding of human cognition and culture.
|
2022-09-08T04:01:21.246Z
|
218,778,501 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/LSENS.2020.2987707",
"MAG": "3016612997",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Rogowski coil is the most common sensor for measuring alternating and impulse currents. At present, the coil is used to measure the current with frequencies ranging from hertz to gigahertz. Ampere's law has been the basis for Rogowski coil measurement principle. However, Ampere's law is just an approximate theory of full current theory when the frequency is low. Therefore, full current theory should be adopted instead of Ampere's law to support the measurement of the Rogowski coil under high frequency. In this letter, the exact expression of the magnetic field through the coil based on full current is presented. Furthermore, the error between the result based on Ampere's law and full current law is discussed. The results show that the error is related to the frequency and coil radius. It increases with the increasing frequency and radius of the coil. The error will be 10% when the frequency is 50 MHz and about 200% when the frequency is 1 GHz at 0.3 m radius.
|
2022-11-20T19:22:18.389Z
|
97,144,733 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/POLB.21352",
"MAG": "2152651287",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Poly(propylene/neopenthyl terephthalate) random copolymers (PPT-PNT) and poly(neopenthyl terephthalate) (PNT) were synthesized and subjected to molecular characterization. Afterwards, the polyesters were examined by TGA, DSC, andX-ray. The copolymers, which displayed a good thermal stability, at room temperature appeared as semicrystalline materials: the main effect of copolymerization was a lowering in the amount of crystallinity and a decrease of the melting temperature with respect to homopolymer PPT. XRD measurements allowed the identification of the PPT crystalline structure in all cases. Amorphous samples were obtained after melt quenching, with the exception of PPT-PNT5, and an increment of Tg as the content of NT units is increased was observed due to the effect of the side methylene groups in the polymeric chain. The Wood equation described well Tg-composition data. Lastly, the presence of a rigid-amorphous phase was evidenced in the copolymers, whose amount depended on composition and on thermal treatment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 170–181, 2008
|
2022-11-26T18:44:28.274Z
|
137,178,231 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2355/TETSUTOHAGANE1955.91.1_212",
"MAG": "202442319",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
particles is formed on SKD61 by heating at 1303 K, and the substrate transforms into martensite during N2 gas flow cooling after heat treatment. By plasma nitriding of aluminized SKD61, hardness of HV1200-1600 is achieved at previously aluminized layer, exhibiting no detectable aluminium nitride but Fe3N, Fe4N, and highly strained a-Fe matrix in its surface XRD. Although the hardening mechanism of the modified layer is not clarified, it is suggested from XRD that the hardness is attributed to precipitation hardening by nitrides (ƒÃ-Fe3N, ƒÁ'Fe4N) as well as solid solution hardening by Al.
|
2022-12-11T11:28:29.562Z
|
126,098,556 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1361-6587/aab16d",
"MAG": "2794270955",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A large number of runaway electrons (REs) with energies as high as several tens of mega-electron volt (MeV) may be generated during disruptions on a large-scale tokamak. The kinetic energy carried by REs is eventually deposited on the plasma-facing components, causing damage and posing a threat on the operation of the tokamak. The remaining magnetic energy following a thermal quench is significant on a large-scale tokamak. The conversion of magnetic energy to runaway kinetic energy will increase the threat of runaway electrons on the first wall. The magnetic energy dissipated inside the vacuum vessel (VV) equals the decrease of initial magnetic energy inside the VV plus the magnetic energy flowing into the VV during a disruption. Based on the estimated magnetic energy, the evolution of magnetic-kinetic energy conversion are analyzed through three periods in disruptions with a runaway current plateau.
|
2022-12-30T19:25:47.719Z
|
209,913,404 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1121/1.5136743",
"MAG": "2988671949",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Focused ultrasound (FUS) is capable of modulating the central and peripheral nervous system. Temperature increase, cavitation, and acoustic radiation force have been proposed as potential mechanisms. Thus, tissue displacement imaging during FUS modulation is critical to understanding its physical mechanism. A cranial window was formed to perform imaging during FUS neuromodulation in C57BL/6 mice. FUS sonications were performed with a 4 MHz single-element transducer with a focal volume 0.2 × 0.9 mm (Sonic Concepts, WA), an applied tone burst of 0.5 ms and peak positive pressures varying from 1.9 to 6.7 MPa. Real-time channel data using plane wave sequences were acquired with an 18 MHz linear array (Vermon, France) and axial displacements throughout the entire brain were estimated using 1D cross-correlation (9λ window, 99% overlap) at 1 kHz frame rate. Downward displacements were only detected during FUS within the focal region. During modulation, the cumulative displacement ranged from 0.021 ± 0.017 μm (n = 3) at 3.1 MPa to 0.24 ± 0.004 μm at 6.7 MPa (n = 3). Displacement decreased post-FUS and returned to null within 1–2 ms. Unlike in a preliminary phantom study, no shear waves were detected. Real-time displacement imaging could thus provide effective targeting and monitoring as well as unveil the mechanism during FUS modulation.Focused ultrasound (FUS) is capable of modulating the central and peripheral nervous system. Temperature increase, cavitation, and acoustic radiation force have been proposed as potential mechanisms. Thus, tissue displacement imaging during FUS modulation is critical to understanding its physical mechanism. A cranial window was formed to perform imaging during FUS neuromodulation in C57BL/6 mice. FUS sonications were performed with a 4 MHz single-element transducer with a focal volume 0.2 × 0.9 mm (Sonic Concepts, WA), an applied tone burst of 0.5 ms and peak positive pressures varying from 1.9 to 6.7 MPa. Real-time channel data using plane wave sequences were acquired with an 18 MHz linear array (Vermon, France) and axial displacements throughout the entire brain were estimated using 1D cross-correlation (9λ window, 99% overlap) at 1 kHz frame rate. Downward displacements were only detected during FUS within the focal region. During modulation, the cumulative displacement ranged from 0.021 ± 0.017 μm (n ...
|
2022-01-27T05:35:41.923Z
|
108,584,380 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.12673/JKONI.2012.16.4.703",
"MAG": "2021884091",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper proposes the improvement of control performance in the wheeled inverted mobile robot system. and describes the modeling of a wheeled inverted pendulum type mobile robot driven by two different wheels for the position and velocity control. The system is sensitive on the parameter variation, therefore control signal should change to maintain desired state of the system in every instant. we designed proportional-plus-integral controller for our system, After linearization, the system was still unstable, throughout stability analysis of the system, we designed the values of the gains of a proportional-plus-integral controller. From the experimental results, we can find that the performance of the proposed method is better than of the manual tuning method.
|
2022-09-09T12:43:49.664Z
|
231,871,362 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/0142159X.2020.1859097",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract The intensive care unit (ICU) provides unique educational opportunities for both undergraduate and postgraduate learners, including procedural training, ventilator management guidance, complex communication scenarios, and didactic lectures on dynamic topics like multi-system organ failure. However, certain challenges are inherent in this setting that can make teaching difficult. Different trainee educational backgrounds, variability in disease states, time limitations and urgent patient care considerations highlight some challenges that limit teaching opportunities. The following twelve tips address these unique aspects of the ICU environment and provide strategies to optimize teaching. These tips focus on three main goals: creating an optimal learning environment, increasing learner engagement, and critically challenging learners.
|
2022-10-23T05:51:25.813Z
|
75,471,397 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2310/6650.2005.00005.437",
"MAG": "2352917696",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
Background Patients treated successfully for Cryptoccus neoformans meningitis (CnM) and initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may have recurrent CNS symptoms for a number of reasons including relapsing CnM or immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). Anecdotal reports of CnM-related IRIS have been published, but data on its incidence and differential diagnosis have not. Methods From 1994-2004, 12 (24%) of 52 AIDS patients with treated CnM presented to UCSD with recurrent CNS symptoms following initiation of HAART. Their charts were systematically reviewed, relevant features abstracted, and ultimate diagnoses deduced from symptoms, CD4 counts, duration of HAART, and CSF pleocytosis, cultures, and cryptococcal antigen (Crag) titers. Results These 12 patients were ultimately categorized in 5 groups: 1) meningeal IRIS (pleocytosis without viable Cn, n=4 or 33%), 2) focal IRIS (cerebral cryptococcoma or localized IRIS at site of treated cryptococcoma as suggested by focal encephalitis on CT or MRI scans of the brain, n=2 or 17%), 3) recurrent CnM during HAART therapy (CnM by culture while on HAART, n=2 or 17%), 4) probable CnM during initiation of HAART (rising Crag titers but negative cultures after starting HAART, n=1 or 8%) and 5) a syndrome simulating CnM following initiation of HAART, but undiagnosed by extensive evaluations and self-limited, n= 25%). Patients with meningeal IRIS (group 1) presented a median of 28 days after HAART initiation with symptoms of CnM that resulted in hospitalization and lasted about 2 weeks. Common findings in CnM-related meningeal IRIS were leptomeningeal enhancement on MRI, increased pleocytosis compared to their initial episodes of CnM, and elevated ICP (≥25 cm H2O) leading to death in one case. Conclusions Recurrent symptoms in patients with prior CnM while on HAART occurred in 24% of 52 patients at risk and appear to be caused more frequently by meningeal (33%) or focal (17%) IRIS (total 50%) than by relapsing CnM (17 - 25%). Expanding use of HAART in developing countries where CnM is common will increase experience with CnM-related IRIS for which management has not been developed or tested.
|
2022-12-14T08:48:36.616Z
|
114,198,414 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.15802/STP2017/104546",
"MAG": "2660377092",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Purpose . The work is aimed to identify the reasons for the significantly higher coefficient of the empty weight of 1520 mm gauge cars in comparison with the freight cars in North America and to give recommendations for reducing the empty weight of freight cars. Methodology . As a methodology, a comparative evaluation of the strength, durability and stability of the minimum weight bearing structure made of various materials using the "space 1520" standards is applied. Findings . The authors found that with the use of high-strength steels the product weight can be reduced by a factor of five in comparison with the beam of steel 09G2S. If there is a welded joint in the construction, the weight of the structure will increase approximately by 2 times when calculated according to the "Norms for calculating and designing railroad cars of the Ministry of Railways of Russia, gauge 1520 mm (non-self-propelled)". And during calculations according to State Standard 33211-2013 "Freight cars. Requirements for strength and dynamic qualities" the weight increases almost 5 times and does not depend on the type of steel. Originality . It is revealed that the main criterion determining the empty weight of modern cars is the fatigue strength of the welded joint. It is shown that State Standard 33211-2013 and "Recommendations of the International Welding Institute" designate low endurance limits for high-strength steels and it is impossible to achieve the weight reduction if one adheres these recommendations. Practical value . The direction of actions to find the ways reducing empty weight of cars was developed: conditions for strength of welded joints of cars made of high-strength materials have been experimentally refined; methods for increasing the endurance of welded joints were developed; other types of connections are assumed.
|
2022-12-16T06:52:45.335Z
|
37,470,244 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/10611860600965914",
"MAG": "1776418785",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system, in particular monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mac) serve as a reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and are believed to be responsible for its dissemination throughout the body and especially into the brain. Treatment of HIV infection, therefore, must reach these cells in addition to the lymphocytes. The purpose of the present study is to develop poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimer-based nanocontainers for targeting of efavirenz (EFV) to Mo/Mac. Fifth generation PPI dendrimer, t-Boc–glycine conjugated PPI dendrimer (TPPI) and mannose conjugated dendrimers were synthesized and characterized. While the haemolytic activity and cytotoxicity of PPI dendrimer was found to be very high, the toxicity of t-Boc–glycine conjugated dendrimer and mannose conjugated dendrimers were found to be negligible. The entrapment efficiency of mannose conjugated dendrimer was found to be 47.4%, followed by that of PPI dendrimer (32.15%) and t-Boc–glycine conjugated dendrimer (23.1%). The in vitro drug release profile shows that while PPI dendrimer releases the drug by 24 h, the dendrimer-based nanocontainers prolong the release rate up to 144 h (83 ± 0.4% in case of t-Boc–glycine conjugated dendrimer and 91 ± 0.3% in mannose conjugated dendrimer). The cellular uptake of EFV was found to be both concentration and time dependent. Significant increase in cellular uptake of EFV by Mo/Mac cells were observed in case of mannose conjugated dendrimer which is 12 times higher than that of free drug and 5.5 times higher than that of t-Boc–glycine conjugated dendrimer. While mannose conjugated dendrimer was taken up by the lectin receptors of the cells, phagocytosis of t-Boc–glycine conjugated dendrimer might be responsible for its enhanced uptake. Results suggest that the proposed carriers hold potential to increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of antiretroviral therapy.
|
2022-12-22T14:52:00.664Z
|
86,798,077 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4141/CJPS2013-357",
"MAG": "2101576303",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Jin, W., Wang, Y. and Wang, H. 2014. Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaves of apple rootstock ‘Pingyitiancha’ (Malus hupehensis var. pinyiensis) and genetic fidelity of regenerated plantlets using SSR markers. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1345–1354. Apple is one of the major fruit tree species in China, its cultivation area and total output rank first in the world. ‘Pingyitiancha’ (Malus hupehensis var. pinyiensis) is a widely used rootstock for apple cultivation in China. Several factors affecting leaf regeneration were investigated. In this study, a successful adventitious shoot regeneration protocol for this cultivar was established. ‘Pingyitiancha’ leaves were a suitable source of explants for regeneration of adventitious shoots. The optimal adventitious shoot regeneration protocol involved subculturing seedling leaves for 30–35 d. The optimum medium was Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2.0 mg L−1 thidiazuron and 0.2 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid. Explants with the abaxial surface in contact ...
|
2022-12-26T21:55:03.855Z
|
62,409,600 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/25.618205",
"MAG": "2167832174",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In the case of three-dimensional (3-D) scattering, which is appropriate to the calculation of signal statistics for personal communications, it is shown that the basic Doppler spectrum of the received signal is uniform over the full range of Doppler frequencies centered on the carrier. The corresponding temporal and spatial autocorrelations are, therefore, sine functions.
|
2022-12-27T21:58:08.706Z
|
167,538,171 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/10042857.1992.10677333",
"MAG": "1975561558",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract This paper surveys the state of world's resources, especially the supply and demand of minerals. It puts forward proposals for the sustainable exploitation of these resources. The paper advocates the coordinated development of resources, the environment, society, and economy in China.
|
2022-02-08T18:55:27.664Z
|
202,641,920 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.1.130",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2019.2019.1.130"
}
|
Background
Histologic predominant subtypes were reported as a predictor of survival in pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Aims
To evaluate the predictive value of histologic classification in resected lung adenocarcinoma using the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)/American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS), and WHO (2015) classification system.
Study Design
Cross-sectional study.
Methods
Histologic classification of a large cohort of 491 patients with resected (stages I to III) lung adenocarcinoma was retrospectively analyzed. The tumors were classified according to their predominant component (lepidic, acinar, papillary, solid, micropapillary, and mucinous), and their predictive value were assessed for clinicopathologic characteristics, and overall survival.
Results
The patient cohort were comprised of 158 (32.2%) solid-predominant, 150 (30.5%) acinar-predominant, 80 (16.3%) papillary-predominant, 75 (15.3%) lepidic-predominant, 22 (4.5%) mucinous, 5 (1.0%) micropapillary, and 1(0.2%) adenocarcinoma in situ. Overall 5-year survival of 491 patients were found to be 51.8%. Lepidic, acinar, mucinous adenocarcinoma had 70.9%, 59.0%, and 66.6% 5-year survival, respectively and there was no statistically significant difference between them.Whereas solid, papillary and micropapillary predominant histologic pattern had 41.0%, 40.5% and 0.0% 5-year survival, respectively. Compared to other histologic subtypes; solid predominant adenocarcinoma and papillary predominant adenocarcinoma harbored significantly lower survival to lepidic (p<0.001, p=0.002), acinar (p<0.001, p=0.008), and mucinous (p=0.048, p=0.048) subtypes respectively. The survival difference between solid and papillary subtype was not found statistically significant (p=0.67).
Conclusion
Solid and papillary predominant adenocarcinoma was found to be poor prognostic factors in resected invasive lung adenocarcinoma.
|
2022-11-30T18:13:07.437Z
|
30,948,792 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00693.x",
"MAG": "1984758138",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
Objective:Dyspeptic symptoms are common in patients with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). The supraspinal control of sympathetic innervation to the stomach is interrupted in these patients. Gastric emptying has been reported to be delayed in some patients with cervical SCI. Gastric myoelectrical activity is known to regulate gastric motility and is correlated with gastric emptying. The change in gastric myoelectrical activity after cervical SCI is unknown; our aim was to investigate it.Methods:The study was performed in 12 cervical SCI patients and 14 healthy controls. Gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using surface electrogastrography for 30 min in the fasting state and 1 h after a standard test meal. Spectral analysis was performed to compute the following parameters from the electrogastrogram; investigated were the percentage of 2–4 cycles/min (cpm) slow waves, the instability coefficient (IC) of the dominant frequency, the postprandial increment of dominant frequency (δF), and its power (δP).Results:In both fasting and fed states, regular and stable gastric slow waves were observed in both the control group and patients with cervical SCI. The percentage of normal 2–4 cpm slow waves (preprandial, 80.7 ± 3.6%vs 91.5 ± 3.7%, p > 0.05; postprandial, 82.0 ± 4.4%vs 87.2 ± 4.2%, p > 0.05) and IC (preprandial, 0.19 ± 0.04%vs 0.28 ± 0.05%; postprandial, 0.24 ± 0.04%vs 0.27 ± 0.02%, p > 0.05) were not significantly different between the two groups. The dominant frequency and its power were also similar between the two groups, no matter whether in the fast (frequency, 2.92 ± 0.3 vs 2.93 ± 0.06 cpm; power, 30.05 ± 1.29 vs 29.08 ± 1.23 dB, p > 0.05) or fed (frequency, 3.17 ± 0.07 vs 3.02 ± 0.06 cpm; power, 32.55 ± 0.90 vs 32.07 ± 1.18 dB, p > 0.05) state. The postprandial response measured by δF (0.25 ± 0.09 vs 0.09 ± 0.07 cpm, p > 0.05) and δP (2.52 ± 1.10 vs 2.24 ± 1.20 dB, p > 0.05) were also similar between the two groups.Conclusions:Gastric myoelectrical activity was not altered after cervical SCI.
|
2022-12-19T02:19:23.167Z
|
55,248,318 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1086/654336",
"MAG": "1479821893",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/654336"
}
|
Macroeconomics is moving toward a New Neoclassical Synthesis, which like the synthesis of the 1960s melds classical with Keynesian ideas. This paper describes the key features of the new synthesis and its implications for the role of monetary policy. We find that the New Neoclassical Synthesis rationalizes an activist monetary policy, which is a simple system of inflation targets. Under this "neutral" monetary policy, real quantities evolve as suggested in the literature on real business cycles. Going beyond broad principles, we use the new synthesis to address several operational aspects of inflation targeting. These include its practicality, the response to oil shocks, the choice of price index, the design of a mandate, and the tactics of interest rate policy.
|
2023-01-01T19:36:01.448Z
|
210,134,435 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2991/icosihess-19.2019.58",
"MAG": "2983736206",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.2991/icosihess-19.2019.58"
}
|
Nowadays, the improvement of technology has been creating a digital transformation that gradually or radically changing people's behavior and habits in almost every aspect of daily life. As a result, the transformation gradually changes the ways in how people interact with each other. This paper is the first contribution towards exploring the reciprocal relationship between married couples who do not have physical closeness by covering aspects of marital satisfaction. The communication carried out by the couple uses the WhatsApp application service, which supports the satisfaction of communicating with each other. Qualitative research using a case study approach and sampling is done by snowball sampling. By taking 12 couples of husband and wife, one of their partners is working at Holland America Line cruise ships, by conducting interviews with married couples who had longdistance relationships mediated by WhatsApp application services. The results of the study related to self-disclosure by different married couples, there are those who have a wide depth of self-openness because couples are able to run problems that occur at home to their partners, there are couples who do not have broad self-disclosure, because of problems regarding certain topics cannot be explained to their partners. Another finding from this study is that the use of the WhatsApp feature can support communication with one another. The video call feature when couples want to see their partners directly. As well as making emoticons as a form of word thickening in the feature send a message that describes the emotions or feelings of the sender of the messages. Keyword: disruptive era, self-disclosure, long-distance relationships, Indonesian crews, communication technology
|
2022-01-27T04:10:06.966Z
|
128,681,759 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1029/TE042I002P00223",
"MAG": "1981274665",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
(Latitude 13° 48′.4 S., longitude 171° 46′.5 or 11h 27m.1 W. of Gr.)
February 2–5—A fairly intense magnetic disturbance commenced suddenly at 23h 02m GMT, February 2. The Z-trace showed considerable fluctuations during February 3 but unfortunately records of H and D were not obtained until 20h, February 3. The H- and D-traces were moderately disturbed during February 4 and 5 and gradually returned to normal.
|
2022-02-09T15:30:26.147Z
|
77,062,431 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS15-P4-14-09",
"MAG": "2403960152",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
Background: Trastuzumab (H) improves disease-free survival and overall survival in HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC) but is associated with risk of treatment-induced cardiotoxicity especially when administered after an anthracycline. We performed a single center retrospective study to assess the cardiac safety of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy without anthracyclines in a real-world clinical setting. Methods: Patients (pts) with HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC) who received H without anthracycline-based chemotherapy between January 2010 and June 2014 were studied. Patients enrolled in a clinical trial were excluded. Tumor characteristics, chemotherapy regimen, cardiovascular risk factors, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and treatment interruption data were collected. A cardiac event (C.E.) was defined as New York Heart Association class III or IV heart failure with LVEF decline of > 10% to Results: In total, 174 pts with HER2+ EBC treated with H-based therapy without anthracyclines were identified. Median age was 59 years (range, 32 to 85 years), 72 (41%) had hypertension, 55 (32%) had hyperlipidemia, 29 (16%) had diabetes, and 5 (3%) had coronary artery disease. At baseline, all pts had a LVEF > 50% (median, 66%; range, 50% to 81%). Two (1.1%) pts developed a C.E. Both pts had risks factors for C.E. (1 - age > 60 years, hypertension, and prior history of anthracycline exposure; 1- age > 60 years, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and baseline LVEF of 50-55%). After discontinuation of H, both patients had recovery of LVEF to > 50% and resolution of heart failure symptoms. Twelve (6.9%) pts developed asymptomatic LVEF decline of > 10% points to Conclusion: In our single center experience of patients being treated off study, the incidence of C.E.s and asymptomatic LVEF decline during H therapy without an anthracycline was 1.1% and 6.9%, respectively. These appeared higher than events reported in clinical trials possibly due to the inclusion of an older group of women with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Overall, the incidence of symptomatic heart failure is low for H without an anthracycline even in this older group. Citation Format: Mukku RB, Verma S, Liu J, Steingart R, Hudis C, Yu AF, Dang C. Cardiac safety of trastuzumab without an anthracycline in patients with HER2-positive early stage breast cancer: A single center experience. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-09.
|
2022-02-11T05:48:07.290Z
|
40,031,207 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bmj.s1-3.21.411-a",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2489415?pdf=render"
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|
(unfortnnately for the patient) proved to be tlue, for in less than a week the abscess burst; the patient couiglhed up a large quantity of dark matter mixed witli bile, and in two days after lie died. OIn exainining the body, a large opening was found communicating with the diaphragm and lungs, through which the matter made its way. A few observations on this case may not prove uninteresting to many, particularly those who do not use the stethoscope. In the first place, lhad the case been properly diagnosed, the treatment wouild have been far difterent, and probably the patient might have been inow alive. In the next place, the happiness of a whole family, a large one too, was materially disturbed, for the medical man had prophesied that the children would no doubt inherit the father's disease. This case could not possibly have been discovered duiring life without the aid of the stethoscope, for the disease of the liver was very obscure, while that of the the lungs was apparently the most severe, whereas the latter was sympathetic of the former, for the enlargement of the liver pressed upon the lower portion of lung, anid consequently the respiratory murmur was inautdible there; but on a forcible inspiration the liver was pushed dowvn, and the lung again received its due portion of air; hence arose the very complex stethosC(pic symptoms which developed themselves during the examination. I cannot conclude the history of this interesting case without publicly bestowing my meed ofhumble though sincere praise to Dr. W. Stokes, of Dublin, who may well be designated the Laennec of the present day, for he has added much to the science which that great man first founded. The attention and kindness which Dr. Stokes bestows on his pupils at the bedside and at lecture, will at all times render him dear to them, for there is no trouble spared by him during his daily attendance at the Meath Hospital; his only wish is for the advancement of his pupils. I have had the good fortune to have been a studenit under him, and, therefore, can speak of his attention from experience. The treatment which I suggested to my friend was constant poultices of linseed meal over the region of the liver, together with hot fomentations, also quinine and port wine. Wells, Somerset, Jan. 24, 1842.
|
2022-06-30T05:38:31.861Z
|
231,944,914 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0961203321995248",
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"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1795753/4/Manuscript_Clean.pdf"
}
|
The clinical spectrum of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) encompasses additional manifestations other than thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity, which may potentially affect every organ and system. The pathophysiology of APS indeed cannot be explained exclusively by a prothrombotic state and the “extra-criteria” manifestations of the syndrome should be attributed to other mechanisms, such as inflammation, complement and platelet activation. In this case-series, we report patients with uncommon clinical APS presentations, to highlight relevant peculiarities of the syndrome, potentially paving the way for a further update of clinical as well as laboratory manifestations of this complex immunological condition.
|
2022-08-20T18:53:09.799Z
|
101,537,121 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2109/JCERSJ1950.85.982_308",
"MAG": "2331224320",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
ponent provides the fibers with alkali-resistance1),2). It has been known, however, that the highest possible ZrO2 content in silicate glasses is limited to about 20% in weight, and the melting of glasses with more ZrO2 content is difficult to achieve. The present study was undertaken with the purpose of preparing glass fibers containing much more ZrO2 than achieved with the conventional glass-melting technique. Metal alcoholates were employed as starting materials for this purpose. Preparation of glass fibers in the present study consists of (1) fiber drawing from the spinnable, viscous liquid formed in the course of hydrolysis of starting alcoholate mixtures and (2) heating of the drawn fibrous materials to about 500•Ž into oxide glass fibers3). Accordingly, this is different from preparation of
|
2022-09-08T04:39:56.067Z
|
195,846,671 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0790",
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"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
BACKGROUND: During total knee arthroplasty, the infrapatellar fat pad is usually resected to enhance surgical exposure and install the prosthesis easily. However, it is still controversial whether the infrapatellar fat pad is removed or retained in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To systematically assess the effectiveness and safety of the excision and preservation of Meta 分析方法评价全膝关节置换过程中切除或保留髌下脂肪垫的有效性和安全性 检索数据库: (1)中文:万方数字化期刊全文 数据库、中国生物医学文献数 据库、中国期刊全文数据库、 维普中文科技期刊数据库; (2)英文:Cochrane Library、 Pubmed、EMbase。 检索文献: 有关全膝关节 置换过程中中 切除和保留髌 下脂肪垫的临 床对照文献。 Meta 分析比较 2 组各 随访时间点观察指标: (1)膝前痛; (2)KSS 评分; (3)HSS 评分; (4)Insall-Salvati 指数; (5)髌韧带缩短长度。 结局: 全膝关节置换过程中应尽 可能保留髌下脂肪垫及减 少对其损伤,尤其是“密集 血管区”,以更好地预防低 位髌骨。 揭珂,邓鹏,曾建春,冯文俊,曾会粮,吴克亮,曾意荣. 全膝关节置换过程中切除或保留髌下脂肪垫的 Meta分析[J]. 中国组织工程研究,2018,22(23):3759-3765. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0790 ISSN 2095-4344 CN 21-1581/R CODEN: ZLKHAH 3760 infrapatellar fat pad during total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Wanfang Data, CNKI, CBM, VIP, Cochrane Library, Pubmed and EMbase were researched for the clinical controlled trials from the database establishment to August 2017 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The included data were extracted and quality was evaluated. Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Totally 12 clinical controlled trials with 1 478 knees were included. (2) Meta-analysis results showed that infrapatellar fat pad excision could significantly increase shortening of the patellar tendon, compared with the infrapatellar fat pad preservation at the follow-up period of 12 to 18 months and 28 to 38 months postoperatively [MD=2.90, 95%CI (2.21, 3.58), P < 0.000 01; MD=2.65, 95%CI (1.96, 3.35), P < 0.000 01]. However, the difference of shortening of the patellar tendon between two groups within 1 to 2 months and 6 months postoperatively was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). (3) Anterior knee pain, American knee society knee score, hospital for special surgery knee score and Insall-Salvati ratio were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) Infrapatellar fat pad, especially the dense vascular position, should be preserved as much as possible and protected from injury during total knee arthroplasty. Subject headings: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Evidence-Based Medicine; Tissue Engineering 0 引言 Introduction 全膝关节置换是终末期的骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节 炎的最佳治疗手段, 15年以上的生存率达到 92%98% ,其疗效获得众多关节外科医师的肯定,被誉为 是21世纪最为成功的手术之一。其目的在于矫正膝关节畸 形、缓解膝前痛、改善活动功能,以提高患者的生存质量。 然而,并不是所有全膝关节置换术后疗效得偿所愿,甚至 出现膝前痛、获得性低位髌骨等各种并发症,由于髌下 脂肪垫(infrapatellar fat pad,IPFP)在膝关节疾病中发挥 着保护性和破坏性的双重作用,同时由于全膝关节置换 术中髌下脂肪垫会遮挡手术视野、影响假体安装从而造成 假体对线不良,行全膝关节置换时是否切除髌下脂肪垫一 直备受争议。 目前,已有许多报道全膝关节置换术中切除和保留髌 下脂肪垫的相关临床文献,然而现有的研究报道都为小 样该试验,其结果、方法学缺乏客观的评价,没有足够的 说服力,其结果也不尽相同。因此,文章采用循证医学的 方法,对国内外已发表的有关文献进行方法学分析和质量 评价,系统评价全膝关节置换术中切除或保留髌下脂肪垫 的有效性与安全性,为关节外科手术医师提供可靠的临床 数据以指导手术工作的开展。 1 资料和方法 Data and methods 1.1 检索数据库 选择万方数字化期刊全文数据库 (Wanfang Data)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物 医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普中文科技期刊数据库(VIP)及 Cochrane Library、Pubmed、EMbase关于全膝关节置换 术中切除和保留髌下脂肪垫的临床对照文献。 1.2 文献纳入标准 1纳入的病例均行全膝关节置换,不 限定假体使用类型;2文献的试验组与对照组的干预措施 为切除髌下脂肪垫和保留髌下脂肪垫;3国内外公开发表 的临床对照试验,无论是否使用盲法、分配隐藏、脱出。 1.3 文献排除标准 1非行全膝关节置换的病例;2患有 影响下肢功能、感觉的其他疾病(如脑血管意外所致偏瘫); 3重复发表的文献;4无对照组的描述性研究,或虽为临 床随机对照试验但采用自身对照;5未公布治疗结果或结 局指标不明或不详;6动物实验、综述、经验总结等非临 床试验研究。 1.4 结局指标 临床疗效评价有术后膝前痛发生率、美国 膝关节协会评分(American knee society knee score, KSS)、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(hospital for special surgery knee score,HSS) 、Insall-Salvati指数、髌韧带 缩短长度(手术前后髌韧带长度的差值)。 1.5 检索方法和策略 计算机检索各数据库自建库之日 起至2017年8月有关研究文献,以“全膝关节置换术/total knee arthroplasty(TKA) & 髌下脂肪垫 /infrapatella fat pad”、“髌下脂肪垫切除 /infrapatella fat pad excision (resection)”、“髌下脂肪垫保留 /infrapatella fat pad preservation (reservation)”作为中英文主题词进行自由词 和主题词检索,阅读所有下载文献的题目及摘要,初步排 除明显不符合纳入标准的研究,然后精读全文筛选出符合 标准的文献进行数据提取。缺乏的资料通过电话或邮件与 作者联系进行补充。 1.6 文献质量评价 参照Cochrane Handbook 5.3推荐 使用的偏倚风险评价标准和改良Jadad质量评分量表的 标准,对筛选出符合标准的文献随机序列的产生、盲法、 隐藏、撤出与退出等方面进行评价。由2名研究者分开独 立完成文献的质量评价,互相核对后对有分歧的文献交由 第3方仲裁。前者每项内容分为低风险、风险不明以及高 风险,后者评价具体如下:随机(恰当2分,不清楚1分, 不恰当0分);隐藏(恰当2分,不清楚1分,不恰当0分); 盲法(恰当2分,不清楚1分,不恰当0分);撤出或退出(描 述1分,未描述0分)。随机对照试验总分为7分,≥4分为 高质量研究。 1.7 统 计 学 分 析 采用 Cochrane 协作网研制的 ReviewsManager 5.3软件进行Meta分析。二分类变量采用 相对危险度(Risk Ratio,RR)及95%可信区间(95%CI)对其 临床疗效进行评价,连续变量资料使用加权均数差(WMD, 简称MD) 进行评价。纳入研究的异质性大小通过Chi检 验,同时运用I进行评价,如果各项纳入资料间有统计学同 质性(P ≥ 0.10,I≤50%),采用固定效应模型;反之采 用随机效应模型。 2 结果 Results 2.1 纳入结果及纳入研究的基本信息 3名评价者根据检 索策略,共检索到相关文献1 421篇,去重后阅读题目及摘 要初筛出文献71篇,再精读全文及分析,根据纳入和排除 标准最终筛选符合标准的文献12篇,均为2003至2017 年之间刊出的中文文献8篇、英文文献4篇,共1 478例患者, 试验组724膝,对照组754膝,纳入研究的基本信息见表1。 Jie K, Deng P, Zeng JC, Feng WJ, Zeng HL, Wu KL, Zeng YR. Total knee arthroplasty with and without preservation of the infrapatellar fat pad: a meta-analysis. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2018;22(23):3759-3765. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0790 P.O. Box 10002, Shenyang 110180 www.CRTER.org 3761 2.2 纳入研究方法学质量评价结果 纳入的12篇研究文 献,其中有6篇为随机对照试验,4篇提及了分配隐藏,2 篇使用了盲法,8篇提及撤出或退出情况,1篇文献提及存 在结果评估盲法高风险因素,2篇文献提及存在选择性报告 高风险因素。11项描述了研究对象的基线资料并且报告基 线具有良好的相似度,具有可比性,1项未提及。按照改良 Jadad评分的标准,6篇文献为高质量研究,6篇为低质量 研究,见图1。 2.3 Meta分析结果 2.3.1 膝前痛发生率 5项纳入研究报道了全膝关节置换 后膝前痛发生率 ,,,共446例患膝,其中包括髌下 脂肪垫切除组221例,髌下脂肪垫保留组225例。按随访时 间分为3个亚组,术后一至两个月、术后6个月异质性检验 分析显示,研究间存在异质性(P=0.03,I=72%;P=0.01, I 2 =83%),故这2组采用随机效应模型;术后1年异质性检 验分析显示,研究间有同质性(P=0.18,I=42%),故该组 采用固定效应模型。Meta分析结果显示,随访一至两个月 RR=1.70,95%CI(0.61,4.79),试验组和对照组差异无显 著性意义(P=0.31> 0.05);随访6个月RR=1.84,95%CI (0.05,63.91),差异无显著性意义(P=0.74 > 0.05);随访1 年RR=1.13,95%CI(0.48,2.62),差异无显著性意义 (P=0.78> 0.05),见图2。 2.3.2 KSS评分 3项纳入研究报道了全膝关节置换后 KSS评分,共722例患膝,其中包括髌下脂肪垫切除组 348例,髌下脂肪垫保留组374例,术后1年异质性检验分 析显示研究间存在异质性(P=0.002,I=84%),故该组采用 随机效应模型。Meta分析结果显示,术后1年MD=-0.27, 95%CI(-1.41,0.87),差异无显著性意义(P=0.65> 0.05), 见图3。 2.3.3 HSS评分 3项纳入研究报道了全膝关节置换后 HSS评分 ,,共266例患者,其中包括髌下脂肪垫切 除组133例,髌下脂肪垫保留组133例,合并进行异质性检 验(P=0.58,I=0%),各纳入研究之间存在同质性,故该组 采用固定效应模型。Meta分析结果显示,术后一至两年时 HSS评分合并效应量MD=0.74,95%CI(-0.26,1.73),差 异无显著性意义(P=0.15),见图4。 2.3.4 Insall-Salvati指数 4项纳入研究报道了全膝关节 置换后Insall-Salvati指数 ,,共332例患者,其中包 括切除髌下脂肪垫组166例,保留髌下脂肪垫组166例, 合并进行异质性检验(P=0.000 1,I=85%),各纳入研究 之间有异质性,故该组采用随机效应模型。Meta分析结 果显示,术后一至两年时Insall-Salvati指数合并效应量 MD=-0.03,95%CI(-0.07,0.01),差异无显著性意义 (P=0.09),见图5。 2.3.5 髌韧带缩短长度 6项纳入研究报道了全膝关节置 换后髌韧带缩短长度 ,,,共457例患者,其中包 括髌下脂肪垫切除组229例,髌下脂肪垫组228保留例,按 随访时间分为4个亚组,术后一至两个月、28-38个月异质 性检验分析显示研究间都存在同质性(P=0.43,I=0%; P=0.81,I=0%),故采用固定效应模型;术后6个月、12-18 个月时异质性检验分析显示研究间存在异质性 (P < 0.000 01,I=94%;P=0.003,I=79%),故该组采用随机 效应模型。Meta分析结果显示,术后一至两个月时髌韧带 缩短长度效应量MD=-0.10,95%CI(-0.31,0.12),差异 无显著性意义(P=0.39);6个月时效应量MD=-0.70,95%CI (-0.08,1.47),差异无显著性意义(P=0.08);随访12-18 个月时MD=2.90,95%CI(2.21,3.58),说明12-18个月时 试验组髌韧带缩短的长度值较对照组更大,差异有显著性意 义(P < 0.000 01);随访28-38个月时MD=2.65,95%CI (1.96,3.35),说明28-38个月时试验组髌韧带缩短的长度 值较对照组更大,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.000 01),见 图6。 3 讨论 Discussion 髌下脂肪垫是髌韧带下方的一块脂肪组织,同时位于 胫骨结节和髌骨下极之间,并与滑膜层、关节软骨紧密接 触。众多学者认为髌下脂肪垫在膝骨性关节炎的发展过 程中起着积极保护作用,Ohashi等提出髌下脂肪垫富含 大量的成纤维细胞及脂肪干细胞,这些细胞可分泌抗炎因 子脂联素及各类生长因子,脂联素可抑制肿瘤坏死因子α、 表 1 纳入符合标准的文献基本特征 Table 1 Basic characteristics of included documents that meet the standards 作者 病例数 术前诊断 随访时间(月) 假体类型 结局指标 基数水平 改良 Jadad评分 试验组:髌下脂肪 垫切除组 对照组:髌下脂肪 垫保留组 Maculé [8] 2005 34 34 骨关节炎 6 CR 15 未提及 6 Tanaka [9] 2003 54 53 类风湿关节炎 33 PS 15 基线可比 6 Lemon [10] 2007 35 38 骨关节炎 36 CR 5 基线可比 5 Pinsornsak [11] 2014 36 41 骨关节炎+类风湿关节炎 12 N 1 基线可比 6 林源 [12] 2010 51 48 骨关节炎 14.6 PS 5 基线可比 1 辛兵 2016 33 33 骨关节炎 12 PS 45 基线可比 2 钱臣 2017 38 40 骨关节炎 12 PS 134 基线可比 2 王飞 [15] 2014 59 57 骨关节炎 13.2 PS 134 基线可比 2 刘光旺 2014 22 22 骨关节炎 12.5 N 25 基线可比 4 梁华辉 2015 267 293 N 12-24 N 2 基线可比 1 周鹏 [18] 2016 59 59 骨关节炎 12 PS 2 基线可比 7 刘飞 [19] 2017 36 36 N 24 N 34 基线可比 1 表注:CR:后叉韧带保留型假体;PS:后稳定型假体;N:未提及。结局指标:1膝前痛;2KSS 评分;3HSS 评分;4Insall-Salvati 指数;5髌韧带缩短长度。 揭珂,邓鹏,曾建春,冯文俊,曾会粮,吴克亮,曾意荣. 全膝关节置换过程中切除或保留髌下脂肪垫的 Meta分析[J]. 中国组织工程研究,2018,22(23):3759-3765. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0790 ISSN 2095-4344 CN 21-1581/R CODEN: ZLKHAH 3762 白细胞介素1等炎症因子的分泌。Teichtahl等发现较大的 髌下脂肪垫可以减少胫骨外侧软骨丢失。但亦有不少研究 表明其对膝骨关节炎病理发展过程具有促进作用,其分泌 炎症因子如白细胞介素6及甚至具有保护作用的脂联素、瘦 素都可以加速膝骨关节炎进展。 这是国内第一篇对比全膝关节置换术中切除和保留髌 图 1 纳入研究的偏倚风险评价 Figure 1 Evaluation of the risk of bias of the included study 图注:random sequence generation 为随机 分配方法;allocation concealment 为分配 隐 藏 ; blinding of participants and personnel 为参与者设盲; incomplete outcome data 为结果数据的完整性;other bias 为其他偏倚来源;selective reporting 为选择性报告研究结果;Low risk of bias 为 低偏倚风险;Unclear risk of bias为偏倚风 险不能;High of bias 为高偏倚风险。 图 2 两组全膝关节置换后一至两个月、6 个月、1 年膝前痛发生率比较的 Meta 分析森林图 Figure 2 Forest map of meta analysis of comparison of the incidence of anterior knee pain 1-2 months, 6 months and 1 year after total knee arthroplasty in both groups 图注:2组全膝关节置换后 1年 KSS评分比较差异无显著性意义[MD=-0.27,95%CI(-1.41,0.87),P=0.65]。 year after total knee arthroplasty in both groups 图注:2组全膝关节置换后一至两个月、术后 6个月、术后 1年膝前痛发生率比较差异均无显著性意义(P=0.31,0.74,0.78)。 Jie K, Deng P, Zeng JC, Feng WJ, Zeng HL, Wu KL, Zeng YR. Total knee arthroplasty with and without preservation of the infrapatellar fat pad: a meta-analysis. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2018;22(23):3759-3765. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0790 P.O. Box 10002, Shenyang 110180 www.CRTER.org 3763 下脂肪垫的术后临床疗效的系统性评价文章。该研究纳入 12个临床对照试验,共1 478例患膝,其中髌下脂肪垫切除 组724例,髌下脂肪垫保留组754例,研究随访时间从初次 全膝关节置换后1个月至3年不等,时间跨度大,通过对各 指标随访时间分亚组,以动态观察各指标的变化。Meta分 析结果表明,髌下脂肪垫保留组和切除组膝前痛、KSS评 分、HSS评分、Insall-Salvati指数在各随访时间段内比较 差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。髌韧带缩短长度的亚组分 析显示,全膝关节置换后一至两个月、6个月随访时2组比 较差异亦无显著性意义,在12-18个月、28-38个月随访时, 髌下脂肪垫切除组髌韧带缩短的长度明显大于髌下脂肪垫 保留组[MD=2.90,95%CI(2.21,3.58);MD=2.65,95%CI (1.96,3.35)],差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.000 01,P < 0.000 01),说明髌韧带缩短长度与时间存在一定相关性。 对于2组间髌韧带缩短长度在随访1年后方才出现统计 学差异,可能由于全膝关节置换髌下脂肪垫切除后6个月内 髌韧带旁其他血管仍能对其进行一定程度的代偿,而1年后 因髌韧带供血失代偿才表现为切除组较保留组明显缩短。 Bastiaansen-Jenniskens等报道切除髌下脂肪垫所导致 的髌腱缺血性挛缩是全膝关节置换后低位髌骨及髌腱短缩 图 3 两组全膝关节置换后 1 年 KSS 评分比较的 Meta 分析森林图 Figure 3 Forest map of meta analysis of comparison of American knee society knee score 1 year after total knee arthroplasty in both groups 图注:2组全膝关节置换后 1年 KSS评分比较差异无显著性意义[MD=-0.27,95%CI(-1.41,0.87),P=0.65]。 图 4 两组全膝关节置换后一至两年 HSS 评分比较的 Meta 分析森林图 Figure 4 Forest map of meta analysis of comparison of hospital for special surgery knee score 1-2 years after total knee arthroplasty in both groups 图注:2组全膝关节置换后一至两年 HSS 评分比较差异无显著性意义[MD=0.74,95%CI(-0.26,1.73),P=0.15]。 图
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}
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This paper is based on physical problem when anyone who has tried holding a long, thin, flexible rod in a vertical position. If the rod is short, and its tip is given a small sideways displacement and released , the rod will perform transverse oscillations until it reaches an equilibrium position in a bent shape because of supporting its own weight. The longer the road, the larger the amplitude of these oscillations and the greater the bending under its own weight when in equilibrium, until at some critical length the rod will bend until its tip just touches the ground, after which it will remain in that position. Introduction: An idealization of this phenomenon can be modelled by a long, thin, flexible, flag pole of uniform cross-section, the base of which is clamped in the ground so the pole is vertical. We than ask at what length will the pole became unstable so that any displacement of the top of the pole will cause it to bend under its own weight until the top of the pole touches and remains in the contact with the ground. This paper can be posed in the mathematical terms, and it is the one that will be answered here. The solution of this problem will involve the use of Bessel functions, but the linear differential equation involved will have to satisfy a two point boundary condition instead of the initial conditions we have consider so far. This means that the existence and uniqueness of solutions to initial value problems guaranteed. Definitions: The Bessel differential equation is the linear second-order ordinary differential equation given by Bessel functions of the first kind, denoted as Jn(x), are solutions of Bessel's differential equation that are finite at the origin (x = 0) for integer or positive α, and diverge as x approaches zero for negative non-integer n and given by Jn(x) = −1 r r! n−r+1 ! ( x 2 ) r=0 Result :Let us mode the problem by considering a thin uniform flexible rod of length L with a constant cross section that is constructed from material with a Young’s modules of elasticity E, with the moment of inertia of a cross section about the diameter normal to the plane of bending equal to I. The line density along the rod will be assumed to be constant and equal to w. the x-axis will be taken to be vertical and to coincide with the undistorted axis of the rod, with its origin located at the base of the rod. Thehorizontal displacement of the rod at a position x will be taken to be y, as shown in figure It is known that if the moment acting on the rod at a position x is M(x), the equation governing its transverse deflection y when in equilibrium is EI d2y dx2 = M(x) ...(a) The shear on the rod at point x is the force exerted perpendicular to the axis of the rod at x due to the weight of the rod extending from x to the top at P. As the length of this part of the rod is L-x, and its line density is w, the weight of this section is given by w(L-x), so the component W of this force normal to the axis of the rod at x is simply W=w(L-x)sinθ ...(b) Where θ is the angle of deflection of the rod from vertical point x, as shown in figure. It is known that the shear on a rod is in terms of moment M(x) by dM dx = -W(x) ...(c) International Journal of Mathematics Trends and Technology (IJMTT) – Volume 48 Number 4 August 2017 ISSN: 2231-5373 http://www.ijmttjournal.org Page 230 Now make the approximation that the deflection at point x on the rod is small, so sinθ = tanθ = dy dx From (a),(b),(c) we arrive at third order differential equation EI d3y dx3 + w(L-x) dy dx = 0 ...(d) Take z=L-x then (d) becomes d3y dz3 + w EI z dy dz = 0 ...(e) Now to find the appropriate boundary conditions to be applied at the base and top of the rod. Due to clamping the pole in a vertical position at the origin. ( dy dx )x=0= ( dy dz )z=L=0. When the rod is bent and in equilibrium, there can be no bending moment at the top of the rod, so no curvature at that point. There is no curvature at x=L(z=0) when ρ=∞, ( d2y dx2 )x=L= ( d2y dz2 )z=0=0 ...(f) Put u= dy dz , boundary condition become u(L)=0 &( du dz )z=0=0 ...(g) Equation (e) is third order but in terms of u it is second order with conditions (g) We have d2y dz2 + w EI zu = 0 will provide sufficient information for us to find the critical length at which bending occurs. Identifying equation with x replaced by z, shows that 1 − 2a = 0, 2c − 2 = 1, a-vc=0 and bc=w/EI,
|
2022-11-25T19:09:17.335Z
|
253,460,235 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1145/3555762",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3555762"
}
|
Differential privacy is one of the most popular technologies in the growing area of privacy-conscious data analytics. But differential privacy, along with other privacy-enhancing technologies, may enable privacy theater. In implementations of differential privacy, certain algorithm parameters control the tradeoff between privacy protection for individuals and utility for the data collector; thus, data collectors who do not provide transparency into these parameters may obscure the limited protection offered by their implementation. Through large-scale online surveys, we investigate whether explanations of differential privacy that hide important information about algorithm parameters persuade users to share more browser history data. Surprisingly, we find that the explanations have little effect on individuals' willingness to share data. In fact, most people make up their minds about whether to share before they even learn about the privacy protection.
|
2022-12-05T10:31:26.065Z
|
129,652,414 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2525/ECB.52.175",
"MAG": "2031088120",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In order to control nighttime temperatures with energy saving, how different night temperature regimes affected on the fruit growth, quality and 13 C allocation from leaf to fruit were researched by both the partial heating and whole tree heating. One type, altering time of nighttime heating, the end of day (EOD) -heating, middle of night (MON) -heating, and predawn (Pd) -heating were applied. The EOD-heating temporally activated the fruit growth and accelerated the 13 C allocation from leaf to fruit through short term (hours) researches by the partial heating, however, comparing to the conventional heating as 20°C constant in nighttime by the whole tree heating during 60 (cid:1) 90 days after full bloom (DAFB), no superiority was observed in both the fruit volume increase and fruit quality, and the MON-heating showed the depression of fruit growth. Another type of a regime determined by daily integrated solar radiation, comparing to the conventional heating as 17°C constant in nighttime during 78 (cid:1) 120 DAFB, no superiority was observed in the fruit quality. Nighttime 13 C allocation from the leaf to fruit was detected at 90 DAFB, though was hardly detected at all at 120 DAFB regardless of night temperatures as high as 25°C at both days.
|
2022-12-07T22:38:23.047Z
|
6,688,301 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/bltj.20408",
"MAG": "2060958142",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We report on new solutions for the evolution of submarine optical transmission systems from 10 Gb/s to 40 Gb/s per channel. Today, optical coherent detection paired with digital signal processing (DSP) offers the opportunity to exploit innovative techniques like polarization division multiplexing (PDM). To take full benefit of this disruptive technology we propose the PDM-BPSK modulation format that has 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency. This solution presents unparalleled robustness to linear distortions, thanks to DSP, and high tolerance to nonlinear propagation effects. An experimental demonstration on Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Network's 6,300 km straight-line submarine link illustrates the performance of this new solution and demonstrates its potential to increase total capacity of submarine systems. é 2010 Alcatel-Lucent.
|
2022-12-11T01:52:36.490Z
|
7,319,226 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00240.x",
"MAG": "1980510232",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Flow cytometry was used to analyse the cord blood T cells of 33 babies at high risk ‘HR’ for developing allergy (born to at least one atopic, asthmatic parent), and 10 low risk ‘LR’ babies (born to non‐atopic parents), following normal term deliveries. Significantly lower numbers of CD25+, (activated) T cells (p<0.005) were seen in the cord blood of the HR babies who had developed both allergic symptoms and positive skin prick tests by one year of age when compared with the LR group. CD45RO+ (memory) T cells were detected in both HR and LR babies with a trend for lower numbers of memory cells to be detected in HR infants who later developed allergic symptoms and/or positive skin prick tests. Significantly lower numbers of CD4+/CD45RO+ were seen in the cord blood of HR babies who developed allergic symptoms compared to HR babies who showed no sign of allergy by one year and to the LR babies (p<0.05 and p<0.005). The presence of activated and memory T cells at birth implies intra‐uterine priming. The significantly lower numbers of memory T cells in the HR babies suggests a suppression of T cell activation or lack of antigenic priming in this group. This prenatal influence on babies born to atopic parents may have important implications with regard to the mechanisms underlying atopic sensitisation.
|
2022-12-10T17:36:39.611Z
|
255,283,378 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.31937/ultimart.v15i2.2582",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://ejournals.umn.ac.id/index.php/FSD/article/download/2582/1306"
}
|
Mempelajari aksara Jawa atau Hanacaraka memang tidak punya manfaat pragmatis bagi kebanyakan orang, sehingga minat mempelajarinya rendah, terutama anak SD dan SMP yang mendapat materinya di sekolah. Padahal melestarikan aksara Jawa memiliki banyak keuntungan seperti membangun karakter kebangsaan yang kuat. Upaya meningkatkan minat belajar aksara Jawa perlu dilakukan, salah satunya dengan menggunakan cara persuasif melalui media yang menyenangkan untuk anak-anak. Warisan Hanacaraka, aplikasi permainan puzzle Sudoku, hadir sebagai media pembelajaran. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, tulisan ini akan mengurai ide perancangan Warisan Hanacaraka yang menggunakan design thinking dengan panduan game design yang disesuaikan dengan jenis permainan Sudoku. Warisan Hancaraka dapat menjadi variasi permainan Sudoku yang belum pernah ada, apalagi dengan memasukkan unsur budaya tradisi yang khas seperti batik, dongeng, dan candi yang dikombinasikan secara konseptual pada UI UX, gameplay dan cerita. Tidak hanya menjadi solusi potensial untuk meningkatkan minat belajar aksara Jawa, namun juga dapat menjadi alternatif penggunaan smartphone yang positif karena memiliki manfaat mengembangkan segi kognitif dan afektif.
Kata Kunci: hanacaraka; aplikasi; permainan; sudoku
|
2023-01-01T14:58:58.874Z
|
224,352,785 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.15495/OJS_25678221_22_103",
"MAG": "3032098428",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Die Sicherung einer einheitlichen Ausbildung des Nachwuchs- und Spitzensports des Deutschen Boxsport-Verbandes e.V. (DBV) soll durch eine eigens entwickelte C-Trainer-Konzeption fur den Leistungssport gewahrleistet werden. Nach Vorgabe des DBV wird diese Konzeption durch eine entsprechende Standardisierung der C-Trainerlehrgange als niedrigste Lizenzstufe in den einzelnen Landesverbanden umgesetzt. Dieser Beitrag basiert auf dem Evaluationsversuch eines solchen Landeslehrganges, der eine Reihe von Problemen zwischen Teilnehmern und Lehrgangsleitung aufgreift und mogliche Losungsvorschlage aufzeigt.
|
2022-02-08T00:26:51.340Z
|
215,851,304 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1757-899X/765/1/012051",
"MAG": "3011542794",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper aims to detect a damage in boiler of steam plant by using intelligence technique to improve the boiler performance. Experimental information is obtain by use an industrial boiler operating at AL-Dura power plant. This manuscript presents is to compare intelligence technique for boiler of steam power plant PID, ANFIS, PSO technique . Designing various pressure controllers to keep the boiler operating in normal conditions and enhance the efficiency. Those parameters are regulated through building a model and implementing in MATLAB, based on steam power plant requisite and the aims of the control. Results have shown that the PSO algorithm is optimal controlled and offers superior power plant performance from the PID controller. PSO, ANFIS and PID were implemented in AL–Dora power plant in Baghdad. Those techniques have been extensively utilized in numerous industry applications.
|
2022-07-31T08:27:51.531Z
|
253,614,141 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.47612/0514-7506-2022-89-3-410-418",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The possibility of controlling the chemical purity of the surface of optical elements by the ellipsometric method has been analyzed. The rationale of the possibility of measuring the parameters of contaminating films on the optical surface of elements by the ellipsometric method has been given simplification has been
shown of the process of determining the thickness of the contaminating film while expanding the possibility of its measurement on an optical element made of different materials. Ellipsometric studies of freshly polished and used metal mirrors made of copper and copper alloy (zirconium bronze), aluminum and its alloys AMG-6, AL-9, AL-24 have been carried out. Research has also been conducted on elements made of K-8 and
K-108 (State Standard 3514-94) optical glasses, which are the most typical materials used for manufacture of optical parts for laser technique of visible and near IR-range, from single crystals of NaCl, BaF2 and sapphire (Al2O3). Parameters of contaminating films on the surface of these elements have been measured.
It has been concluded that it is advisable to use the ellipsometry method during the input (before carrying out physicochemical cleaning) and during the output (after cleaning) control of the optical element to assess the contamination of the optical surface and also for the quantitative analysis of the concentration of contaminants on the optical surface of the elements while working off the technology of their physicochemical cleaning.
|
2022-11-18T17:46:49.394Z
|
45,944,670 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4236/SCD.2012.23017",
"MAG": "1973702228",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
GBM Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for growth, recurrence and resistance to chemo- and radio-therapy. They are supposed to originate from the transformation of Neural stem cells (NSC) of the Sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) or Sub-granular zone (SGZ) of hippocampus. Alternatively, they can be the expression of a functional status of competence or dedifferentiated cells of the tumor re-acquiring stemness properties. The origin of gliomas has been put in relation with the primitive neuroepithelial cells of the SVZ or NSC or progenitors, as showed by the development of experimental tumors in rats by transplacental ethylnitrosourea administration. The demonstration of CSCs in GBM is based on Neurosphere (NS) and Adherent cell (AC) development in culture. NS share the same genetic alterations with primary tumors and express stemness antigens, whereas AC show differentiation antigens. NS are generated by the most malignant areas of GBM. CSCs are considered at the top of a hierarchy of tumor cells of which the most immature are Nestin+/CD133– cells or established on the basis of EGFR amplification or delta-EGFR. NS in serum conditions differentiate and give origin to AC, the real nature of which is still a matter of discussion. Cells in culture could be simply in vitro entities depending on culture methodology. CSCs in GBM could be tumor cells at the end of a dedifferentiation process re-acquiring stemness properties, in an opposite way to what is realized in normal cytogenesis, where stemness is lost progressively with cell differentiation. This interpretation could fit with the origin of the two GBM types, primary and secondary. In primary GBM the tumor originates directly from stem cells or progenitors from SVZ with an accelerated transformation, whereas secondary GBM originates by transformation from astrocytomas arisen through a slow transformation from migrating stem cells and progenitors.
|
2022-12-08T16:46:28.006Z
|
94,781,982 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/adfm.201202286",
"MAG": "1987750537",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Grafting six fluorene units to a benzene ring generates a new highly twisted core of hexakis(fluoren‐2‐yl)benzene. Based on the new core, six‐arm star‐shaped oligofluorenes from the first generation T1 to third generation T3 are constructed. Their thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties are studied, and the relationship between the structures and properties is discussed. Simple double‐layer electroluminescence (EL) devices using T1–T3 as non‐doped solution‐processed emitters display deep‐blue emissions with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.17, 0.08) for T1, (0.16, 0.08) for T2, and (0.16, 0.07) for T3. These devices exhibit excellent performance, with maximum current efficiency of up to 5.4 cd A−1, and maximum external quantum efficiency of up to 6.8%, which is the highest efficiency for non‐doped solution‐processed deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on starburst oligofluorenes, and is even comparable with other solution‐processed deep‐blue fluorescent OLEDs. Furthermore, T2‐ and T3‐based devices show striking blue EL color stability independent of driving voltage. In addition, using T0–T3 as hole‐transporting materials, the devices of indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS)/T0–T3/tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq3)/LiF/Al achieve maximum current efficiencies of 5.51–6.62 cd A−1, which are among the highest for hole‐transporting materials in identical device structure.
|
2022-12-18T11:54:59.707Z
|
24,981,189 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/hbm.22122",
"MAG": "2121021979",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6869878?pdf=render"
}
|
Objectives: Recent anatomical–functional studies have transformed our understanding of cerebral motor control away from a hierarchical structure and toward parallel and interconnected specialized circuits. Subcortical electrical stimulation during awake surgery provides a unique opportunity to identify white matter tracts involved in motor control. For the first time, this study reports the findings on motor modulatory responses evoked by subcortical stimulation and investigates the cortico‐subcortical connectivity of cerebral motor control. Experimental design: Twenty‐one selected patients were operated while awake for frontal, insular, and parietal diffuse low‐grade gliomas. Subcortical electrostimulation mapping was used to search for interference with voluntary movements. The corresponding stimulation sites were localized on brain schemas using the anterior and posterior commissures method. Principal observations: Subcortical negative motor responses were evoked in 20/21 patients, whereas acceleration of voluntary movements and positive motor responses were observed in three and five patients, respectively. The majority of the stimulation sites were detected rostral of the corticospinal tract near the vertical anterior‐commissural line, and additional sites were seen in the frontal and parietal white matter. Conclusions: The diverse interferences with motor function resulting in inhibition and acceleration imply a modulatory influence of the detected fiber network. The subcortical stimulation sites were distributed veil‐like, anterior to the primary motor fibers, suggesting descending pathways originating from premotor areas known for negative motor response characteristics. Further stimulation sites in the parietal white matter as well as in the anterior arm of the internal capsule indicate a large‐scale fronto‐parietal motor control network. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3023–3030, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
|
2022-12-19T08:33:51.274Z
|
40,494,230 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1055/s-0031-1271800",
"MAG": "2327315331",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is the second most common peripheral nerve compression syndrome. In German-speaking countries, cubital tunnel syndrome is often referred to as sulcus ulnaris syndrome (retrocondylar groove syndrome). This term is anatomically incorrect, since the site of compression comprises not only the retrocondylar groove but the cubital tunnel, which consists of 3 parts: the retrocondylar groove, partially covered by the cubital tunnel retinaculum (lig. arcuatum or Osborne ligament), the humeroulnar arcade, and the deep flexor/pronator aponeurosis. According to Sunderland , cubital tunnel syndrome can be differentiated into a primary form (including anterior subluxation of the ulnar nerve and compression secondary to the presence of an anconeus epitrochlearis muscle) and a secondary form caused by deformation or other processes of the elbow joint. The clinical diagnosis is usually confirmed by nerve conduction studies. Recently, the use of ultrasound and MRI have become useful diagnostic tools by showing morphological changes in the nerve within the cubital tunnel. A differential diagnosis is essential in atypical cases, and should include such conditions as C8 radiculopathy, Pancoast tumor, and pressure palsy. Conservative treatment (avoiding exposure to external noxes and applying of night splints) may be considered in the early stages of cubital tunnel syndrome. When nonoperative treatment fails, or in patients who present with more advanced clinical findings, such as motor weakness, muscle atrophy, or fixed sensory changes, surgical treatment should be recommended. According to actual randomized controlled studies, the treatment of choice in primary cubital tunnel syndrome is simple in situ decompression, which has to be extended at least 5-6 cm distal to the medial epicondyle and can be performed by an open or endoscopic technique, both under local anesthesia. Simple decompression is also the therapy of choice in uncomplicated ulnar luxation and in most post-traumatic cases and other secondary forms. When the luxation is painful, or when the ulnar nerve actually "snaps" back and forth over the medial epicondyle of the humerus, subcutaneous anterior transposition may be performed. In cases of severe bone or tissue changes of the elbow (especially with cubitus valgus), the anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve may again be indicated. In cases of scarring, submuscular transposition may be preferred as it provides a healthy vascular bed for the nerve as well as soft tissue protection. Risks resulting from transposition include compromise in blood flow to the nerve as well as kinking of the nerve caused by insufficient proximal or distal mobilization. In these cases, revision surgery is necessary. Epicondylectomy is not common, at least in Germany. Recurrence of compression on the ulnar nerve at the elbow may occur. This review is based on the German Guideline "Diagnose und Therapie des Kubitaltunnelsyndroms" ( www.leitlinien.net ).
|
2022-12-19T00:48:49.217Z
|
229,391,671 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20205300",
"MAG": "3107193962",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.msjonline.org/index.php/ijrms/article/download/9084/6161"
}
|
Background: To see the role of lignocaine nebulisation and to compare its role with use of steroids and bronchodilators alone in post bronchoscopy patients. Methods: In the present study, 150 patients, who underwent rigid bronchoscopy for removal of foreign body, were taken into consideration. Immediately after the rigid bronchoscopy, 100 patients were given nebulization and 50 patients were not nebulized. Out of 100 patients, 50 patients were given nebulization with steroids (budesonide) and bronchodilators (salbutamol) and 50 patients received nebulization with lignocaine 4%, steroids (budesonide) and bronchodilator (salbutamol). Results: In the present study, 38 patients (25.3%) were having complications like laryngobronchial spasm, laryngeal edema, cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest. Out of the 38 patients, 15 patients (39.5%) were having laryngobronchial spasm and 23 patients (60.5%) were having laryngeal edema. Out of 15 patients who had laryngobronchial spasm only 2 (13.3%) patients, who were nebulised developed this complication, while 86.7% cases of laryngobronchial spasm developed in non-nebulised patients. Out of 23 patients who developed laryngeal oedema, only 6 (26%) patients who were nebulised developed this complication, while 74% cases of laryngeal oedema developed in nonnebulised patients. Conclusions: In the present study it is concluded that both morbidity and mortality can be reduced by the use of nebulisation in the postoperative period after rigid bronchoscopy. Addition of lignocaine in nebulisation along with steroids and bronchodilators further reduces the morbidity and mortality in the postoperative period.
|
2022-01-27T13:18:13.881Z
|
18,403,945 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14236/EWIC/HCI2012.41",
"MAG": "2284314303",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Interactions between instruction visualisations and task mental representations in skill acquisition is arguably knowledge-domain dependent. This paper presents the design and preliminary results of an experiment that extends the knowledge-domain dependent model to the acquisition of spatial navigational skills. A between-group design is proposed and tested to compare post-learning navigational performances of different learner groups in a virtual environment. The preliminary results indicate a benefit of dynamic over static visualisations in the acquisition of spatial navigational skills, which is consistent with previous results. A full study with a larger sample size and multi-level comparative analysis is currently underway.
|
2022-02-12T23:51:52.526Z
|
195,506,806 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.4947",
"MAG": "2949043596",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5995&context=gradschool_dissertations"
}
|
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Chapter
|
2022-06-28T19:54:35.483Z
|
34,995,679 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1145/1667146.1667180",
"MAG": "1974811584",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper presents a new structured light pattern generation technique, which allows acquisition of scene geometry from a single image, under various projection conditions with relatively high acquisition density. We construct the pattern by using the geometrical constraints of the projector-camera system, and solve the correspondence problem based on the local connectivity of the feature points and edges of the projection pattern. This method is robust from image processing perspective, and allows rapid geometry scanning using a mobile projector-camera system.
|
2022-09-11T23:22:38.941Z
|
236,778,604 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2979/reseafrilite.51.4.12",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
ABSTRACT:In the wake of the Fees Must Fall movements in South Africa, Nelson Mandela's invocation of the "Rainbow Nation" in his 1994 inaugural presidential address was subject to renewed criticism. This essay considers how, from its first utterance, the metaphor was never allowed to communicate its most significant affordance: the recognition that processes of transition are frequently buoyed up by ephemeral moments, whose use may be their very transience. By returning to the ephemeral in Marlene van Niekerk's Triomf, it shows how Van Niekerk's text asks how we allow things to pass away. Signaling this postapartheid ephemerality through the breath, Van Niekerk opens up a discussion about ephemerality in the foundational text of the postapartheid period that has been largely overlooked, but has, perhaps, never been more important than in South Africa's present.
|
2022-11-10T16:04:24.433Z
|
28,229,862 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00541.x",
"MAG": "1581120127",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00541.x"
}
|
The receptor activity‐modifying proteins (RAMPs) are a family of three single transmembrane proteins that have been identified as accessory proteins to some G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs). They can regulate their pharmacology, forward trafficking and recycling, depending on the GPCR. The best characterized receptor complexes formed by RAMPs and GPCRs are the calcitonin peptide family receptors. The association of RAMP1 with the calcitonin receptor‐like receptor (CL) constitutes the calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor, whereas RAMP2 or 3 with CL generates adrenomedullin receptors. In this case, the RAMPs substantially alter the pharmacology and trafficking properties of this GPCR. Amylin receptor subtypes are formed from calcitonin receptor (CTR) interactions with RAMPs. Although the RAMPs themselves are not responsive to calcitonin peptide family ligands, there is clear evidence that they participate in ligand binding, although it is still unclear whether this is by directly participating in binding or through allosteric modulation of CL or CTR. A considerable amount of mutagenesis data have now been generated on RAMPs to try and identify the residues that play a role in ligand interactions, and to also identify which residues in RAMPs interact with CL and CTR. This review will focus on RAMP mutagenesis studies with CL, summarizing and discussing the available data in association with current RAMP models and structures. The data reveal key regions in RAMPs that are important for ligand binding and receptor interactions.
|
2022-12-18T04:52:04.941Z
|
34,071,281 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/anie.201509933",
"MAG": "2468394572",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
As one member of the emerging class of ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanomaterials, the ultra-thin MoS2 nanosheet has attracted increasing research interest as a result of its unique structure and fascinating properties. Solution-phase methods are promising for the scalable production, functionalization, hybridization of MoS2 nanosheets, thus enabling the widespread exploration of MoS2 -based nanomaterials for various promising applications. In this Review, an overview of the recent progress of solution-processed MoS2 nanosheets is presented, with the emphasis on their synthetic strategies, functionalization, hybridization, properties, and applications. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this research area will be proposed.
|
2022-12-29T15:22:41.685Z
|
110,899,872 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.37265/japiv.v3i1.111",
"MAG": "2192212208",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.37265/japiv.v3i1.111"
}
|
The city of s-Hertogenbosch was introduced to the best value process by Heijmans and their engineering consultant group Breijn B.V. Under the leadership of Breijn, s-Hertogenbosch visionaries, and the assistance of researchers from Hogesxchool Zuyd, a best value PIPS test was accomplished to deliver a retention and settling tank. The version of PIPS used implemented the concept of dominance, value, and the transfer of risk and control to the vendor. The paper reviews the process; it also reveals that the best value selection finished as the least expensive option with the highest customer satisfaction rating.
|
2022-02-10T04:44:46.509Z
|
51,895,084 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1248/bpb.b18-00256",
"MAG": "2887089172",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/41/8/41_b18-00256/_pdf"
}
|
Monolaurin is a natural compound that has been known for its broad antimicrobial activities. We evaluate the antifungal activity of monolaurin against Candida albicans biofilms in vivo using a novel bioluminescent model to longitudinally monitor oral fungal infection. Oral fungal infection in vivo was performed using bioluminescent engineered C. albicans (SKCa23-ActgLUC) biofilms on Balb/c mice. The antifungal activity of monolaurin was determined by comparing three groups of mice (n=5/group): monolaurin, vehicle control, and positive control (nystatin). All mice were immunosuppressed with cortisone acetate and oral topical treatments were applied for 5 d. In vivo imaging system (IVIS) imaging was used to monitor the progression of infection over a 5-d period. Total photon flux and ex vivo microbiological analysis of the excised tongues were used to determine the overall fungal burden. Oral topical treatments of monolaurin have resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the total photon flux over 4 and 5 d post-infection in comparison to the vehicle control group. Furthermore, monolaurin treated group had a significant decrease in colony formation unit of tongue tissue compared to the vehicle control. Our findings support monolaurin as a promising antifungal compound in vivo, which may translate to its future use in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
|
2022-09-16T02:40:12.754Z
|
62,619,551 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/ECJB.1077",
"MAG": "2041808765",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper derives the conditions to be satisfied by the amplifier in each stage of a multistage amplifier in order for it to be absolutely stable. It is shown that the stability factor K of each stage need not be larger than unity except for the initial and last stages. By means of this condition, it is possible to improve the gain in comparison to the conventional method in which the amplifiers in all stages are made K > 1 and then are cascaded. In the millimeter wave range, where device performance deteriorates, the gain reduction due to stable design is significant. Therefore, the present conclusion is extremely effective for the design of multistage amplifiers in the millimeter wave range. Further, in this paper, a new design method is presented that assures absolute stability of a multistage amplifier that consists of unit amplifiers, each of which has a stability factor K of less than 1. In this method, an amplitude-and-phase setting circuit consisting of transmission lines and resistors is connected at the output of each stage and the transmission amplitude and phase are adjusted in such a way that the stability condition derived in this paper is satisfied. It is shown that there exists an optimum transmission phase maximizing the gain of the multistage amplifier. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the design of a U-band four-stage low-noise amplifier. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(12): 26–36, 2001
|
2022-12-03T18:15:59.848Z
|
5,769,371 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/esmoopen-2016-000066",
"MAG": "2481017087",
"PubMedCentral": "5070236"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1136/esmoopen-2016-000066"
}
|
Background The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (MCBS) has been designed to stratify the therapeutic benefit of a certain drug registered for the treatment of cancer. However, though internally validated, this tool has not yet been evaluated for its feasibility in the daily practice of a major center of medical oncology. Methods The practicability of the MCBS for advanced oncological diseases at the Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, which constitutes one of the largest oncological centres in Europe, was analysed in a three-step approach. First, retrospectively collected data were analysed to gain an overview of treatments in regular use. Second, data were scored by using the MCBS. Third, the ensuing results were evaluated within corresponding programme directorships to assess feasibility in a real-life clinical context. Results In the majority of tumour entities, the MCBS results reported earlier are consistent with daily clinical practice. Thus, in metastatic breast cancer or advanced lung cancer, there was a high level of clinical benefit for first-line treatment standards, and these results reflected well real-life experience. However, analyses based on the first version of the MCBS are limited if it comes to salvage treatment in tumour entities in which optimal sequencing of potential treatment options is of major importance, as in metastatic colorectal or renal cell cancer. In contrast to this, it is remarkable that certain novel therapies such as nivolumab assessed for heavily pretreated advanced renal cancer reached the highest level of clinical benefit due to prolongation in survival and a favourable toxicity profile. The MCBS clearly underlines the potential benefit of these compounds. Conclusions The MCBS is an excellent tool for daily clinical practice of a tertiary referral centre. It supports treatment decisions based on the clinical benefit to be expected from a novel approach such as immunotherapy in as yet untested indications.
|
2022-12-09T12:58:33.185Z
|
134,294,752 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.18006/2018.6(6).929.935",
"MAG": "2905390071",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.18006/2018.6(6).929.935"
}
|
Present experiment was conducted with four nitrogen levels (75, 100, 125 and 150 kg Nha -1 ) with three time of application viz. S1 (1⁄2 as basal + 1⁄2 at 25 DAS), S2 (1⁄2 as basal + 1⁄2 at 45 DAS) and S3 (1⁄2 as basal + 1⁄4 at 25 DAS + 1⁄4 at 45 DAS) in split-plot design, during rainy season of 2016 and 2017 at Gayeshpur farm of B.C.K.V. Nadia, West Bengal, India on hybrid maize (P3377). Result of present study revealed that plant height increased with the increase of N level from 75 to 150 kg ha -1 . LAI and aerial dry matter accumulation were significantly higher at 125 kg N ha -1 and lowest in 75 kg N ha -1 at harvest. Higher grain yield (5.99 t ha -1 ) and cob/plant, grain/cob, seed index and B:C ratio (1.75) were also obtained from 125 kg N ha -1 . Regarding time of application of N, though treatment S1, exhibited higher plant height in the initial stage but ultimately treatment S3 recorded with better result. Higher grain yield of 5.63 t ha -1 and B:C ratio (1.64) was obtained with N applied in thrice (1⁄2 as basal + 1⁄4 at 25 DAS + 1⁄4 at 45 DAS) followed by S2. Thus from the pooled data of two years experiment it can be inferred that nitrogen level of 125 kg ha -1 and applied in three growth stages (1⁄2 as basal + 1⁄4 at 25 DAS + 1⁄4 at 45 DAS) in maize can be used for yield increase and higher profit. * Corresponding author KEYWORDS
|
2022-12-15T18:40:01.544Z
|
153,748,930 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3905/jai.2008.712596",
"MAG": "2010481011",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
The growth in the hedge fund industry during the last two decades has been accompanied by a general decline in the performance of hedge funds. Academic research on hedge funds has led to the development of a number of replication strategies that in some cases can explain a significant portion of returns generated by various hedge fund strategies. This article presents a replication methodology that is particularly suited for performance evaluation. The methodology develops two replicating portfolios such that the distribution properties of the target are matched. The first portfolio delivers the statistical properties at the lowest possible cost while the other is more expensive but delivers the same set of properties as the target. The portfolios are used to evaluate a set of managers reporting to the CISDM Database.
|
2022-12-16T13:02:37.418Z
|
106,389,078 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1039/C8TA08821G",
"MAG": "2898469256",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Dynamic and direct visualization of interfacial evolution is helpful in gaining fundamental knowledge of all-solid-state-lithium battery working/degradation mechanisms and clarifying future research directions for constructing next-generation batteries. Herein, in situ and in operando synchrotron X-ray tomography and energy dispersive diffraction were simultaneously employed to record the morphological and compositional evolution of the interface of InLi-anode|sulfide-solid-electrolyte during battery cycling. Compelling morphological evidence of interfacial degradation during all-solid-state-lithium battery operation has been directly visualized by tomographic measurement. The accompanying energy dispersive diffraction results agree well with the observed morphological deterioration and the recorded electrochemical performance. It is concluded from the current investigation that a fundamental understanding of the phenomena occurring at the solid–solid electrode|electrolyte interface during all-solid-state-lithium battery cycling is critical for future progress in cell performance improvement and may determine its final commercial viability.
|
2022-12-19T05:43:06.787Z
|
20,594,396 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1001/archophthalmol.2010.314",
"MAG": "2167414578",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/articlepdf/427181/eeb05032_470_480.pdf"
}
|
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the relationships between lifestyle behaviors of diet, smoking, and physical activity and the subsequent prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
METHODS
The population included 1313 participants (aged 55-74 years) in the Carotenoids in Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Scores on a modified 2005 Healthy Eating Index were assigned using responses to a food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1994-1998). Physical activity and lifetime smoking history were queried. An average of 6 years later, stereoscopic fundus photographs were taken to assess the presence and severity of AMD; it was present in 202 women, 94% of whom had early AMD, the primary outcome.
RESULTS
In multivariate models, women whose diets scored in the highest quintile compared with the lowest quintile on the modified 2005 Healthy Eating Index had 46% lower odds for early AMD. Women in the highest quintile compared with those in the lowest quintile for physical activity (in metabolic energy task hours per week) had 54% lower odds for early AMD. Although smoking was not independently associated with AMD on its own, having a combination of 3 healthy behaviors (healthy diet, physical activity, and not smoking) was associated with 71% lower odds for AMD compared with having high-risk scores (P < .001).
CONCLUSION
Modifying lifestyles might reduce risk for early AMD as much as 3-fold, lowering the risk for advanced AMD in a person's lifetime and the social and economic costs of AMD to society.
|
2022-12-28T16:17:32.983Z
|
244,039,890 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/10711007211043857",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
1. Why was a staged approach, as opposed to definitive early open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), undertaken for the majority of the cohort? While 4 patients sustained open fractures, the remaining 16 did not. While the authors stratified by the extent of soft tissue trauma, there is an increasing body of evidence supporting early ORIF regardless of the amount of swelling present.2 Given the demonstrated effectiveness of less invasive techniques, the question arises whether many of these patients could have been treated with definitive early surgery. While some underwent delayed surgery using the extensile lateral approach, there also exists conflicting literature when examining this approach regarding influence of surgical timing on postoperative complications.1 Furthermore, Tantavisut et al5 and others have demonstrated the effectiveness of screw-only fixation when compared to perimeter plating. It would seem that percutaneous screw placement would have resulted in no additional morbidity while offering definitive fixation for many in the cohort. 2. Cost should be considered when suggesting a new treatment protocol, particularly when comparative clinical data and improved outcomes have not yet been reported. While many variables affect cost, we examined the hypothetical charge differential if we employed this protocol at our institution. While multiple limitations exist in this type of analysis, in our simplified model, we determined that definitive early ORIF with its prerequisite diagnostic imaging modalities would amount to an average charge of $5702. The described staged protocol would have resulted in an average charge of $11 643. Given this approximately 100% charge increase, proving clinical benefit of this proposed protocol (in order to justify additional cost and burden to the patient) is warranted. 3. Finally, transarticular K-wire fixation may not be as benign as proposed in this work, and much is not known about the short/long-term effects of iatrogenic joint penetration. Alternative techniques for K-wire stabilization have been proposed in the literature,3 which should be considered if K-wires are used for temporary stabilization of calcaneus fractures (Figure 1).
|
2022-01-27T02:03:31.590Z
|
245,263,052 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/vru.13048",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
With the increasing use of CT and MRI for diagnostic imaging and planning of interventional procedures, it is important for veterinary radiologists to be familiar with variations in normal vascular anatomy and not mistake them for pathology. The arterial blood supply to the cranial abdominal viscera is provided by the celiac and the cranial mesenteric arteries. A common celiacomesenteric trunk (CMT) has been reported as a rare anatomical variant in dogs. The goals of this retrospective, observational, cross-sectional prevalence study were to determine the prevalence of a CMT in dogs with non-abdominal disease and compare it to the prevalence in dogs with portosystemic shunts (PSS). Magnetic resonance imaging studies of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral spine in dogs that included the origin of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries and dual-phase CT angiography studies of the abdomen in dogs with portosystemic shunts were retrospectively reviewed by a veterinary student and a board-certified veterinary radiologist. The prevalence of a CMT was determined as the proportion of dogs diagnosed with this vascular anomaly in the MRI and CT group, respectively. Fisher's exact test was used to determine any association of a CMT with the concurrent presence of a PSS, sex, and breed size. A CMT was identified in seven of 606 (1.2%) MRI studies and in none of 47 abdominal CT studies. There was no association between the presence of a CMT and PSS (P = 1.000), sex (P = .4694), or breed size (P = 1.000). A CMT is a rare incidental finding in dogs.
|
2022-02-07T20:03:23.453Z
|
245,399,878 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5121/csit.2021.112203",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.112203"
}
|
Software systems have been under continued attacks by malicious entities, and in some cases, the consequences have been catastrophic. To tackle this pervasive problem, the academic world has significantly increased the offering of computer security-related courses during the past decade. In fact, offering these courses has become a standard part of the curriculum for many computing disciplines. While many proposals suggest adding this appealing topic into the nonsecurity CS courses, many faculties do not entirely support the idea for a convincing reason. They rightfully claim that each one of these courses is already packed with concepts and materials developed toward that course, leaving not much room for other topics. In this study, we show how exposing students to security concepts can be incorporated into upper-division CS courses without increasing the normally required efforts needed by students as well as the instructor. We show how to develop a project of this nature that can be appended to an already existing course project. We have successfully employed our proposed approach in two of our core CS courses and present them in this paper as case studies.
|
2022-09-09T20:23:05.873Z
|
143,515,164 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1756-2589.2010.00068.X",
"MAG": "2009676286",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In South India, siblings are more important than spouses, and the question of marital quality turns on the nature of the relationship between brothers and sisters. Here we examine the implications of a "sociocentric " perspective that does not privilege, in the way Western "egocentric" systems usually do, measures of individual happiness and satisfaction. Instead, the emphasis is on maintaining the solidarity of larger kinship structures, which, in South India, center on clans united by cross-cousin marriage-that is, marriage of a (male) ego either to his mother's brother's daughter or his father's sister's daughter. The quality of these structures, in turn, depends on the relationship between brothers and sisters, and we therefore conclude that siblings, not spouses, are the social center ofgravity in this region.
|
2022-09-15T02:28:06.217Z
|
144,343,893 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/014662169201600109",
"MAG": "2052564803",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
Rating scales have no inherent reliability that is independent of the observers who use them. The often reported interrater reliability is an average of perhaps quite different individual rater reliabilities. It is possible to separate out the individual rater reliabilities given a number of independent raters who observe the same sample of ratees. Under cer tain assumptions, an external measure can replace one of the raters, and individual reliabilities of two independent raters can be estimated. In a somewhat similar fashion, estimates of treatment effects present in ratings by two independent raters can provide the external frame of reference against which dif ferences in their individual reliabilities can be evaluated. Models for estimating individual rater reliabilities are provided for use in selecting, evalu ating, and training participants in clinical research.
|
2022-09-15T06:20:10.521Z
|
133,716,957 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.18002/POL.V0I29.5210",
"MAG": "2776017803",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
La frontera hispano-portuguesa que discurre entre la region del Algarve, el Baixo Alentejo y la provincia de Huelva ha dividido comunidades de estructuras territoriales similares, a las que, acorde a la desactivacion de la frontera, se les ha aplicado politicas territoriales y de cooperacion que en terminos generales no han servido ni para su desarrollo ni para el mantenimiento de su poblacion. En este trabajo se pretende, principalmente, caracterizar los elementos estructurantes de este espacio fronterizo, los cuales se abordaran desde diversos analisis escalares, desde la Eurorregion Alentejo-Algarve-Andalucia hasta los municipios colindantes con el limite estatal. The Spanish-Portuguese border that runs between the region of Algarve, the Baixo Alentejo and the province of Huelva has divided communities of similar territorial structures, which, according to the deactivation of the boundary, have been applied territorial and cooperation policies which in general failed largely to achieve development or maintain their population. This paper aim to characterize the structuring elements of this borderland, which will be addressed from various scalar analyses, from the Euroregion Algarve-Alentejo-Andalusia to the municipalities closely linked with the boundary.
|
2022-12-16T15:49:37.579Z
|
119,261,165 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "1205.0709",
"DOI": "10.1209/0295-5075/99/40006",
"MAG": "2027030677",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/1205.0709"
}
|
A lattice model for oppositely driven binary particles with purely repulsive interactions is investigated on the square lattice. Two classes of steady states related to stuck configurations and lane formations have been constructed in systematic ways under certain conditions. A mean-field–type analysis carried out using a percolation problem based on the constructed steady states provides an estimation of the phase diagram, which is qualitatively consistent with numerical simulations. Further, finite-size effects in terms of lane formations are discussed.
|
2022-12-16T14:58:31.266Z
|
141,574,581 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/10437797.2004.10672300",
"MAG": "298953548",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Educators have traditionally taught ethics by using models of ethical reasoning, which assume that ethical reasoning skills are sufficient tools for helping social workers to effectively voice clients' and patients' needs in diverse settings. Using hospitals as an example, the authors argue that contextual barriers often prevent social workers from ensuring that patients' and clients' perspectives are adequately represented in ethical deliberations. The authors propose that educators also teach students strategies for how to engage in effective ethical advocacy. Specific strategies that educators can incorporate into course discussions are presented.
|
2022-12-18T11:00:08.900Z
|
123,507,857 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1063/1.106646",
"MAG": "2093948040",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Effect of fluorine‐ion (19F+) implantation on the buried silicon nitride silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) structures was investigated. Fluorine was introduced before and after the synthesis of buried Si3N4 layers in silicon by high‐dose nitrogen ion (14N+) implantation. Infrared transmission spectropscopy and glancing angle x‐ray diffraction studies show that 19F+ implantation before SOI synthesis inhibits the growth of larger‐size polycrystalline Si3N4 grains, whereas after the synthesis it removes undesired polycrystalline silicon and helps to obtain larger‐grain‐size α‐polycrystalline silicon nitride in few preferred planes.
|
2022-02-09T18:42:06.391Z
|
161,533,201 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1017/S0009840X00113666",
"MAG": "2009501618",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
exactly is known about the Etruscan language?' The final chapter, by Bonfante, given the wide-ranging title 'Daily Life and Afterlife', turns out to be on a series of matters of interest to the author: there's a lot on the position of women in Etruscan society, and on Etruscan dress, and quite a bit on tomb furnishings and religious ritual. These aspects, though fascinating in themselves, do not quite meld to give a rounded picture of Etruscan life, and there is disappointingly little on the Etruscan view of the afterlife. On the whole this is a useful and enjoyable book. I am still not sure who it is aimed at: certainly not the total novice to Etruscan affairs. Quite a detailed general knowledge of the Etruscans and the Classical world is needed before the reader could get much out of it, and the notes (where they exist) do not always help to explain any problems that arise from the text. It does not give a completely balanced view of Etruscan life and afterlife (for example, religion has to find niches where it can, and there's a disproportionate amount on mirrors). It might be better termed' Aspects of rather than 'A Handbook of Etruscan Studies. The book does provide a useful survey of current knowledge for those on the outskirts of Etruscan studies, and those who have not been able to attend the numerous recent conferences, congresses and exhibitions alluded to in the notes. The plenteous illustrations are generally good, though it is irritating on occasion to have to turn backwards or forwards in the text to find illustrations in other chapters, which may turn out to be of dubious relevance to the point currently being made. The maps gathered at the beginning are not as useful as they might seem at first sight. But all in all, at £28 it represents good value, densely packed with information, and well illustrated.
|
2022-02-17T22:00:20.848Z
|
245,593,737 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.13702/j.1000-0607.20210288",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
OBJECTIVE
To observe the effect of oblique needling at Ashi-point on behavior, and cell morphology, myogenic differentiation antigen (MyoD1) and paired box transcription factor Pax7 (Pax7) of quadriceps femoris tissue in quadriceps femoris injured mice.
METHODS
A total of 24 C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control, model, shallow insertion and deep insertion groups, with 6 mice in each group. The quadriceps femoris injury model was established by single intramuscular injection of 0.5% bupivacaine (BPVC). Twenty-four hours after modeling, mice of the two acupuncture groups were received oblique needling on the surface or through the muscle belly of quadriceps femoris for once, the oblique needling was lifted and inserted 3 times. The climbing pole test was conducted 24 h after modeling and 24 h after EA. Histopathological changes of quadriceps femoris was observed by H.E. staining. The expressions of MyoD1 and Pax7 were detected by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, the score of climbing pole test was lower (P<0.01), and the expressions of MyoD1 and Pax7 significantly increased (P<0.01) in the model group. After the intervention and compared with the model group, the score of climbing pole test was higher (P<0.01), and the expressions of MyoD1 and Pax7 obviously increased (P<0.01) in the two acupuncture groups. The therapeutic effect of deep insertion group was apparently superior to that of shallow insertion group in up-regulating the climbing pole test score and expressions of MyoD1 and Pax7 (P<0.05, P<0.01). H.E. stain showed large areas of inflammatory infiltration, muscle cells swelling, atrophy, rupture, degeneration and necrosis, different cell sizes and morphologies, enlarged intervals, nuclear aggregation, deep nuclear staining, nuclear pyknosis, and hemorrhage in the model group, which was relatively milder in both needling groups.
CONCLUSION
Oblique needling at Ashi-point can effectively promote the benign repair of injured quadriceps muscle and promote the recovery of exercise ability in mice, which may be associated with its effect in up-regulating the expression of MyoD1 and Pax7 protein. The role of deep insertion is superior to that of shallow insertion.
|
2022-02-07T20:00:37.041Z
|
127,702,451 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.20944/PREPRINTS201903.0022.V1",
"MAG": "2919823137",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In this paper, we study the convergence of new implicit iterations dealing with n-tupled fixed point results for nonlinear contractive-like mappings on W-hyperbolic metric spaces. Herein, we demonstrate that our newly implicit iteration schemes have faster rate of convergence than implicit S-iteration process, implicit Ishikawa and Mann type iteration processes. Furthermore, a numerical simulation to improve our theoretical results is obtained.
|
2022-09-07T02:59:43.934Z
|
251,699,798 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4202/app.00935.2021",
"MAG": null,
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},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/article/item/app009352021.html?pdf=39"
}
|
Extreme abundance of ammonoids in mass accumulations from the Late Devonian of the Moroccan Anti-Atlas. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 67 (X): xxx–xxx. The eastern Anti-Atlas is renowned for its highly fossiliferous outcrops of Devonian rocks. Ammonoids occur in rock-forming numbers at many localities in the Tafilalt and Maïder. This study addresses the questions of how many ammonoids are preserved within a standardized area as well as over the whole Tafilalt and Maïder basins, and how these mass occurrences formed. Five samples from the Tafilalt and Maïder were analysed. The ammonoids contained therein were prepared, measured and counted as a base for estimates of the orders of magnitude of the total number of preserved ammonoids and their biomass within the respective Famennian strata in the eastern Anti-Atlas. Two samples were stratigraphically assigned to the lower Famennian, two samples to the middle Famennian and one sample to the upper Famennian. For these samples, estimates for a standardized area of 1 km 2 and a layer thickness of 100 mm lie between 19.9×10 9 and 1.25×10 10 ammonoids. The estimated numbers for the whole study area with a retrodeformed size of 15 512.5 km 2 and a sediment thickness of 100 mm, ranges from 30.9×10 13 to 19.4×10 14 ammonoids and a annual accumulation of 15.4×10 9 to 97.1×10 9 ammonoid conchs. This corresponds to a annual total palaeo-biomass that ranges from 25 954 t to 47 058 t within the whole study area and from 1.67 t to 3.03 t within an area of 1 km 2 . Based on these results and size-distribution in the samples, the ecological role of the small and highly abundant, subspherical ammonoids from the early and middle Famennian is discussed and reproductive rates are estimated. With ca. 230 eggs produced by an adult female, cheiloceratids and small maeneceratids from the early Famennian deposits are at the lower end of ammonoid reproductive rates.
|
2022-10-07T00:56:41.428Z
|
12,938,738 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0141076814548524",
"MAG": "2329714443",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0141076814548524"
}
|
Medicine tells us that ‘common things are common’. While this is an obvious truism, it is estimated that 3.5 million people in the UK and 200 million people worldwide suffer from a rare disease. Therefore, no matter what specialty you belong to, it is very likely you will come across patients with rare diseases. Although rare diseases are not strictly a medical category in that they are not linked by a common pathology or set of symptoms, they are grouped together because they share a plethora of problems. These include diagnostic delay, limited research, poor treatment options and lack of awareness among the medical community. The Council of the European Union formally acknowledged the need for an organised approach towards tackling these issues when the recommendation was made that each Member State develops a rare disease strategy by the end of 2013. The Department of Health managed to get there just in the nick of time with the UK Strategy for Rare Diseases announced in November 2013. One of the areas this report highlighted was the need to improve time to diagnosis through ‘better training on rare diseases on university courses (undergraduate and graduate)’. A group of medical students at Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry has teamed up with a patient advocacy group (The UK Lysosomal Storage Disorders Patient Collaborative Group) to form the organisation Students4RareDiseases to try and raise awareness about the importance of considering rarer diseases. As future clinicians, we believe that it is important medical students appreciate that the term ‘rare’ is not synonymous with irrelevant. This idea often results from a misconception about what the term rare actually means. In Europe, rare diseases are classified as those seen in 1 person out of 2000 of the population or less. Of the 6800 rare diseases, some will be very, very rare, while other conditions are more common such as cystic fibrosis. Students4RareDiseases aims to bring medical students into contact with clinicians and patients at educational talks and events so that they have greater exposure to rare diseases. The key message at these events is not to be an expert in all rare conditions but to take away some useful tips that could help to diagnose a rare disease in the future. At the annual Rare Diseases Symposium, which was held at the Royal Society of Medicine this year and featured six talks by a patient and five leading clinicians, the overwhelming majority of students reported that the speakers were instructive and met their educational needs, particularly in highlighting the importance of considering rarer diseases in the differential diagnosis. The event proved to be so popular that we have been invited back next year, confirming that there is demand for this kind of education among medical students and doctors. Nearly half of patients with a rare diseases report receiving an incorrect diagnosis, with one-third of these receiving more than three before eventually being diagnosed correctly. This delay not only leads to poorer clinical outcomes but also presents considerable psychological distress to the sufferers and their families. Barriers to timely diagnosis include lack of awareness among the medical community, symptoms that overlap with common diseases, and lack of defining clinical hallmarks and simple diagnostic investigations. These features undoubtedly make the task of timely and accurate diagnosis difficult. We believe that the solution however is relatively simple. The basic tools of medicine – history and examination – should be used to formulate a relevant list of differentials which, while of course including the more common, should also include the rare. In order to do this in the first place though, medical professionals need to be alert to the possibility of rare diseases. If differential diagnoses are packed with the rare then ruling each one out becomes a laborious task that is not only costly in terms of time and resources but also causes undue stress for the patient. The point, however, is just to include the conditions that fit with the clinical picture (which is what we all should be doing anyway).
|
2022-12-14T22:51:58.645Z
|
80,292,796 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5843/JSOT.29.227",
"MAG": "2778628903",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Superior mesenteric artery occlusion （SMAO） is associated with a poor prognosis as it rapidly progresses to intestinal ischemia and necrosis. The clinical manifestations of SMAO have no specific symptoms during the early phase of the disease and diagnosis is difficult. We describe a case of SMAO in a patient with cancer of the oral floor. A 73-year-old woman who had been treated with warfarin for atrial fibrillation presented with a chief complaint of intractable ulcer of the oral floor, which we diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Antithrombotic therapy was provided with a heparin bridge for the perioperative period, and the patient underwent resection of the cancer of the oral floor. Two days later, the patient complained of a stomachache. Computed tomography findings revealed SMAO three hours after the stomachache worsened. The patient was treated by interventional radiology （IVR）, thrombus aspiration and urokinase. These measures consequently reduced the stomachache within three hours and restored blood flow. Elderly persons with heart disorders who develop acute abdominal pain are at high risk of SMAO, and it is important to recognize this. The present findings indicated that contrast-enhanced CT, IVR and D-dimer monitoring can be useful for an early diagnosis of SMAO.
|
2022-12-19T00:56:38.740Z
|