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122,117,271 |
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Grayscale lithography is an extension of the conventional binary lithographic process for realization of arbitrary three-dimensional features in photoresist materials, with applications especially in micro-optics fabrication. The grayscale photomask possesses a spatially varying transmission that modulates the exposure dose received in the photoresist. By using a low contrast photoresist, such as those based on diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ), the material is only partially removed during development in proportion to the local exposure dose received. In this way, an arbitrary surface topography can be sculpted in the photoresist material. It is common practice in grayscale lithography to encode the transmission levels of the photomask by using the photoresist contrast curve to determine the exposure dose required for a given photoresist thickness at each lateral point in the pattern. This technique is adequate when the surface topography is slowly varying and the photoresist film is thin. However, it is inaccurate when these conditions are not met, because the technique essentially represents a one-dimensional approximation to the lithographic process where the isotropy of the development and the diffractive imaging of the photomask are neglected. Currently we are applying grayscale lithography to the fabrication of a fiber-to-waveguide coupler based on the parabolic reflector, where the efficiency of the device is quite sensitive to fabrication errors in the coupler geometry. In this case the thin photoresist and slowly varying topography conditions are not met, and we turn to more comprehensive process models to determine the appropriate transmission levels to encode in the photomask. We demonstrate that the photomask can be optimized, based on simulation of the lithography process, to produce the required three-dimensional photoresist pattern.
|
2022-09-27T02:22:22.223Z
|
215,704,201 |
{
"externalids": {
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"DOI": "10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01184.x",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "3823170"
},
"license": "implied-oa",
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3823170?pdf=render"
}
|
In [1], the authors note that the Glut-4 blot in Figure 4B corresponding to the conditions 'diabetes', were incorrect. The corrected figure panel appears below. This error does not affect the conclusion of the study. Reference [1] Penumathsa SV, Thirunavukkarasu M, Zhan L, et al. Resveratrol enhances Glut-4 translocation to the caveolar lipid fractions through AMPK/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway in diabetic myocardium.
|
2022-11-25T00:20:42.973Z
|
110,169,477 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1145/2818869.2818910",
"MAG": "2049276453",
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"status": null,
"url": null
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|
In recent years, the Internet has been developed rapidly and brought great impact to various industries. In it, the portal website is the gate to enter the Internet. In the progress of development, the portal website has been reformed from single to multifunction and categorized services which stand out the importance of the site. However, the quality of each site that users conceive differs from person to person. Among them many intangible attributes are difficult to measure. Therefore, to overcome the obstacles of subjective respondents, we adopt fuzzy DEMATEL methods to create a system structure model to illustrate the influence relationship, and combining FMCDM to rank each performance of service quality of portal website. In empirical results shows that the dimension "security" would be the most valued and the criteria "credit card payment security" would be the most important.
|
2022-12-12T06:35:16.712Z
|
142,487,760 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1075/CILT.158",
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}
|
1. Foreword 2. Introduction 3. Meaning as work: Individuals, society and the production of representational resources (by Kress, Gunther) 4. I Written Genres 5. Resonance in text (by Thompson, Geoff) 6. Conditional expressions: Meanings and realizations in two genres (by Bloor, Thomas) 7. Pragmatic, stylistic and grammatical limitations on choice: A study of cause-effect signalling in English (by Jordan, Michael P.) 8. Functional variations in NG premodifiers in written English (by Lopez-Folgado, Vicente) 9. Information progression strategies in administrative forms: A cross-linguistic study (by Downing, Angela) 10. Interpersonal choices in academic work (by Ventola, Eija) 11. The consequences of choice: Discursive positioning in an art institution (by Ravelli, Louise J.) 12. Lexical and grammatical choices in innovative language use in computer science (by Bloor, Meriel) 13. Scientific discourse as interaction: Scientific articles vs. popularizations (by Garces-Conejos, Pilar) 14. Rhetorical relations and subordination in L2 writing (by Pelsmaekers, Katja) 15. II Spoken Genres 16. Quality choice and quality control (by Tucker, Gordon H.) 17. Modality in the therapeutic dialogue (by Chambon, Adrienne) 18. The conversational dynamics of interactional dispute in conflictive calls for emergency assistance: A single case study (by Perez-Gonzalez, Luis) 19. Friends or strangers: Only their phases show for sure (by Malcolm, Karen) 20. Lars Porsena and my bonk manager: A systemic-functional study in the semogenesis of the language of swearing (by Veltman, Robert) 21. Intonation choices in the English of non-native speakers: An exploratory study (by Hewings, Martin) 22. Index of subjects 23. Index of names
|
2022-12-13T06:17:59.684Z
|
207,494,838 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4103/2231-4040.137383",
"MAG": "2023543044",
"PubMedCentral": "4131399"
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-4040.137383"
}
|
Today, most of the drugs come from pharmaceutical companies in standardized doses and prepacked forms and therefore, we very often argue and debate the necessity of pharmacists in retailing of drugs, ignoring the fact that the pharmacist assumes more importance in the context of Indian Healthcare System. Amidst the lingering illiteracy, the pharmacist has a crucial role to play, but the pharmacists were “remarkably underutilized and ignored” given their education, training, and the requirement to the community.
|
2022-12-15T18:45:33.930Z
|
12,733,580 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/CNE.903420104",
"MAG": "2005264317",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In order to determine if reticulospinal neurons involved in the control of locomotion and responsive to exogenously applied 5‐hydroxtryptamine (5‐HT) are innervated by fibers that contain serotonin, the serotoninergic innervation of reticulospinal neurons, identified by retrograde labeling with fluorescein‐conjugated dextran‐amine (FDA), was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the lamprey brainstem. A widespread distribution of 5‐HT immunoreactive (5‐HT‐ir) fibers was seen within the basal plate of the brainstem, an area containing reticulospinal somata and dendritic arborizations. Numerous 5‐HT varicose fibers were found in close relation to large reticulospinal cell bodies, particularly in the middle and anterior rhombencephalic reticular nuclei (MRRN and ARRN). Some of these reticulospinal somata were surrounded by a very dense pericellular 5‐HT innervation. 5‐HT‐ir fibers were also seen in other brain structures that are known to influence reticulospinal neurons such as the rhombencephalic alar plate containing sensory relay interneurons, cranial nerves (III–X), cerebellum, and tectum. These findings suggest that, as in the spinal cord, motor behavior controlled by reticulospinal neurons may be subject to a serotoninergic modulation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
|
2022-12-18T04:21:43.941Z
|
120,121,018 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1070/QE1993V023N03ABEH002983",
"MAG": "296189697",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The possibility of using the energy of microwave oscillations to generate light is discussed. The microwave carrier frequency in this case is lower than the frequency of the light by a factor of about 106. The frequency of the light generated in this way can be chosen from a wide range.
|
2022-12-30T16:04:02.779Z
|
46,672,860 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3177/JNSV.27.353",
"MAG": "2323983610",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
Healthy young rats were fed on fat-free diets, 85% of the energy of which derived from glucose and 15% from amino acids. The composition of the intravenous infusates was adequate to maintain body weight during a 6-day experimental period. Mucosal wet and dry weight, and mucosal protein content were highest when the diet was given orally, intermediate when given intravenously, and lowest when fasting. The DNA content of mucosa was significantly lower following intravenous feeding or fasting than after oral feeding, and there was no significant difference between intravenous feeding and fasting. The composition of mucosal protein following intravenous feeding differed from that following oral feeding or fasting. The migration of jejunum epithelial cells was prolonged following intravenous feeding compared with that after oral feeding. The values of plasma albumin and glucose concentration showed no differences between the intravenous and oral feeding groups. In contrast, intravenous feeding greatly lowered the total plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol ratio. LDL-cholesterol levels were not changed.
|
2022-06-01T10:36:42.954Z
|
199,005,832 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.14419/IJET.V7I3.16097",
"MAG": "2958890440",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Game becomes very popular within all ages. The intensity of someone playing games can influence the behavior of that person. World Health Organization (WHO) is classifying gaming disorder as an addictive behavior disorder. According to psychologists, there are six types of game addiction behavior, such as, Salience, Euphoria, Conflict, Tolerance, Withdrawal, and the last is Relapse and Reinstatement. A person is said to be addicted to the game if it meets at least three of the six types of behavior that exist. The six types of game addiction behavior then modeled using backward chaining algorithm. After that, the model was implemented into the system. Thus this research re-sult a web application to identify game addiction. Now we can measure how many people are affected using this web application.
|
2022-06-18T22:48:03.004Z
|
27,339,074 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ECOC.2010.5621362",
"MAG": "1534567337",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
We give proof of concept demonstrations for the use of a single InP membrane disc structure as both a directly modulated light source and photo-detector using a 27 −1 PRBS sequence at rates up to 10Gb/s.
|
2022-12-16T20:59:04.072Z
|
32,476,200 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1006/anbe.1996.0458",
"MAG": "2020356687",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
The influence of body temperature on the defensive behaviours of the Eastern garter snake was investigated. Snakes encountered in the field were grabbed by hand at mid-body to imitate the attack of a predator or were approached in the same manner but without any contact by the investigator. Behavioural responses were related to snake body and ambient temperatures. When approached without contact, snakes with higher body temperatures fled more often than snakes with lower body temperatures. Snakes that showed body flattening or flattening with mouth gaping had significantly lower average body temperatures than snakes that showed mouth gaping without flattening, those that showed neither mouth gaping nor flattening or those that showed biting (both with and without mouth gaping and flattening). The energetic constraints of a lower body temperature appear to influence the defensive behaviours of garter snakes. Colder snakes are more likely to show body flattening; warmer snakes either flee or, if they are unable to flee, are more likely to show more mouth gaping, biting or none of these behaviours.1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
|
2022-12-19T04:48:53.789Z
|
41,509,304 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1364/OL.38.004927",
"MAG": "2054879032",
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"status": null,
"url": null
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|
We demonstrate a compact ultrafast source centered at 850 nm with >200 nm bandwidth (full width at half-maximum) based on a 3 GHz Yb-fiber master-oscillator-power-amplifier system. The output pulses (with up to 13 W average power) from the laser system are coupled into short (<50 mm) pieces of photonic crystal fibers to excite broadband fiber-optic Cherenkov radiation; the resulting broad phase-matching bandwidth due to short fiber length produces an upconverted spectrum spanning in the wavelength range of 750-950 nm with average power of 94, 184, and 380 mW for fiber length of 28, 37, and 48 mm, respectively. The spectrum generated from the 37 mm fiber is then dechirped by eight double-chirped mirrors, leading to compressed pulses ~14 fs in duration. Such an ultrafast source is a promising substitute of multigigahertz mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers for applications in optical frequency metrology and multiphoton coherent microscopy.
|
2022-12-15T00:12:07.031Z
|
53,382,624 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "1503.05713",
"DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevA.91.031404",
"MAG": "2768165857",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The description of processes in mid-IR laser fields presents new challenges to theoretical atomic physics. We apply time-dependent R-matrix theory to study multiphoton detachment of F−. Through comparison with the strong-field approximation, we observe signatures of rescattering in the analysis of the final wavefunction, demonstrating the accuracy of the time-dependent R-matrix approach.
|
2022-12-16T14:56:55.616Z
|
882,178 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/00002030-200207050-00028",
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"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/Fulltext/2002/07050/Scientific_considerations_for_the_regulation_and.28.aspx"
}
|
The consultation was jointly organized by the WHO-UNAIDS HIV Vaccine Initiative and the Quality Assurance and Safety of Biologicals Team of the World Health Organization (WHO). Thirty-four experts from 16 developed and developing countries attended the meeting, bringing together expertise from academic institutions, clinical trial centres, national and international regulatory authorities. Representatives of major pharmaceutical companies were also invited. The primary objective of the meeting was to identify gaps that need to be addressed from regulatory perspective to ensure appropriate progress of HIV vaccine development from basic research to human trials, licensing and future application, with a special focus on needs of developing countries. As a result of discussions, the following priority needs were identified and recommendations were made in order to establish an appropriate regulatory framework for the development and evaluation of preventive HIV/AIDS vaccines, which were divided in two main areas: (a) standardization and control of candidate HIV/AIDS vaccines, and (b) approaches to the conduct of clinical trials of candidate HIV/AIDS vaccines.
|
2022-12-18T00:23:06.229Z
|
246,980,486 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3349/ymj.2022.63.3.259",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "8860937"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2022.63.3.259"
}
|
Purpose Neuroinflammation is considered an important pathway associated with several diseases that result in cognitive decline. 18F-THK5351 positron emission tomography (PET) signals might indicate the presence of neuroinflammation, as well as Alzheimer’s disease-type tau aggregates. β-amyloid (Aβ)-negative (Aβ–) amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) may be associated with non-Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology. Accordingly, we investigated associations between 18F-THK5351 PET positivity and cognitive decline among Aβ– aMCI patients. Materials and Methods The present study included 25 amyloid PET negative aMCI patients who underwent a minimum of two follow-up neuropsychological evaluations, including clinical dementia rating-sum of boxes (CDR-SOB). The patients were classified into two groups: 18F-THK5351-positive and -negative groups. The present study used a linear mixed effects model to estimate the effects of 18F-THK5351 PET positivity on cognitive prognosis among Aβ– aMCI patients. Results Among the 25 Aβ– aMCI patients, 10 (40.0%) were 18F-THK5351 positive. The patients in the 18F-THK5351-positive group were older than those in the 18F-THK5351-negative group (77.4±2.2 years vs. 70.0±5.5 years; p<0.001). There was no difference between the two groups with regard to the proportion of apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. Interestingly, however, the CDR-SOB scores of the 18F-THK5351-positive group deteriorated at a faster rate than those of the 18F-THK5351-negative group (B=0.003, p=0.033). Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that increased 18F-THK5351 uptake might be a useful predictor of poor prognosis among Aβ– aMCI patients, which might be associated with increased neuroinflammation (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02656498).
|
2022-12-19T17:06:34.714Z
|
238,074,888 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.36012/peti.v2i2.1745",
"MAG": "3176374454",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "http://encyclopub.com/peti/article/download/1745/1579"
}
|
中国是一个农业大国，近年来养殖量快速增长，由此而产生的畜禽粪便污染问题越来越突出。厌氧发酵技术是处理此废弃物且符合可持续发展的有效技术之一。论文简要介绍两种养殖粪水厌氧发酵的反应器，并分析了每种反应器的工艺要求和适用范围，为规模化养殖场选择不同的粪水厌氧发酵反应器提供了选择。
|
2022-01-27T03:20:43.426Z
|
253,579,057 |
{
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"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/nph.18622",
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"PubMedCentral": null
},
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Sequencing herbarium specimens can be instrumental in answering ecological, evolutionary, and taxonomic inquiries. We developed a protocol for sequencing herbarium specimens of rust fungi and proceeded to sequence specimens ranging from 4-211 years old from 5 different genera. We then obtained sequences from an economically important biological control agent to highlight the potential of sequencing herbarium specimens in an ecological sense and to evaluate patterns within the following hypotheses: (1) the population structure of a plant pathogen changes over time and (2) introduced pathogens are more diverse in their native range. Our efforts resulted in sequences from 87 herbarium specimens that revealed a high level of diversity with a population structure that exhibited spatial-temporal patterns. The specimens sequenced from Europe showed more diversity than the ones from North America, uncovering an invasion pattern likely related to its European native host in North America. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, the specimen from France collected in ~1811 is the oldest herbarium specimen sequenced from Kingdom fungi. In conclusion, sequencing old herbarium specimens is an important tool that can be extrapolated to better understand plant-microbe evolution and to evaluate old type specimens to solidify the taxonomy of plant pathogenic fungi.
|
2022-11-19T19:15:50.827Z
|
146,599,954 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/17430437.2012.744204",
"MAG": "2211898804",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
1. Introduction to Modern sports in Asia: cultural perspectives 2. Sports and games in colonial Singapore: 1819 - 1867 3. Towards a national culture: chinlone and the construction of sport in post-colonial Myanmar 4. Beidaihe beach: leisure culture and modernity in Republican China 5. Goodbye Renaissance man: globalized concepts of physical education and sport in Singapore 6. From baseball colony to basketball republic: post-colonial transition and the making of a national sport in the Philippines 7. Cricket and the global Indian identity 8. Keep walking: walking as detour from 'fitness' and the building of self-in-isolation and identity in contemporary consumer society
|
2022-12-10T05:15:17.401Z
|
18,387,751 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2147/DDDT.S3102",
"MAG": "2045265187",
"PubMedCentral": "2761169"
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
During the past decade, transdermal delivery systems (TDS) have become increasingly important for treating neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The rivastigmine patch was the first patch to be approved to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The 9.5 mg/24 h patch has equal efficacy to the capsules and reduces gastrointestinal adverse events, such as nausea and vomiting, by two-thirds. This treatment is well tolerated by patients because drug delivery is even and continuous, reducing fluctuation in drug plasma level, and attenuating the development of centrally mediated cholinergic side effects. Furthermore, once-a-day application of the patch enables an easy treatment schedule, ease of handling, infrequent skin irritations, and a patient- and caregiver-friendly mode of administration. Improved compliance with a subsequent drug administration may contribute to better clinical efficacy, reduce caregiver burden, result in a slower rate of institutionalization, and lead to a decrease in healthcare and medical costs. Because of these advantages, the rivastigmine patch has enabled great progress in the treatment of AD, and represents an excellent alternative to the orally administered cholinesterase inhibitors.
|
2022-12-11T08:38:04.282Z
|
32,988,854 |
{
"externalids": {
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"DOI": "10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2016.02.001",
"MAG": "2419495951",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
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}
|
In order to promote the prevention and control programs on rabies in our country, to regulate the prevention and disposition of rabies and to reduce the deaths caused by rabies, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has organized a panel of experts, in the reference with Guidelines issued by WHO, American Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, and the latest research progress from home and abroad, and compiled this document-"Technical Guidelines for Human Rabies Prevention and Control (2016)". The Guidelines conducted a systematic review on the etiology, clinical characteristics, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology of rabies and provided evidence on varieties, mechanisms, effects, side-effects and security of rabies vaccine, as well as on other preparations on passive immunity of its kind, on methods related to prevention and disposition of exposure etc, finally to have come up with the recommendation on the above mentioned various techniques. The guidelines will be used by staff working on prevention and control of rabies from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention at all levels, from the departments of outpatient and divisions of infection and emergency control in all the medical institutions. The guideline will be updated and revised, following the research progress from home and abroad.
|
2022-12-12T23:10:54.013Z
|
33,846,694 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1365-2427.2009.02237.X",
"MAG": "2066376717",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
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|
SUMMARY 1. Species invasions are a leading threat to native species and ecosystems. How populations of native species respond to the presence of invasive species will ultimately determine their long-term persistence. 2. In this study, we capitalise on a unique opportunity to compare the behaviour and growth of nao ¨ve and experienced virile crayfish (Orconectes virilis Hagen) populations in the presence of invasive rusty crayfish (O. rusticus Girard). In behavioural trials, experienced O. virilis (coexisted with O. rusticus for >30 years) showed more aggressive behaviour than their nao ¨ve counterparts. Nao ¨ve O. virilis retreated from aggressive interactions with O. rusticus 38% more often than experienced O. virilis. Experienced O. virilis spent 39% more time occupying shelter than nao ¨ve O. virilis. 3. There were also differences in O. rusticus behaviour: O. rusticus spent 24% more time occupying shelter with nao ¨ve O. virilis relative to experienced O. virilis. 4. In field mesocosm experiments with O. rusticus, nao ¨ve O. virilis declined in body mass by 1% while experienced O. virilis’ body mass increased by 6%, thus highlighting the potential population-level implications of the previously observed behavioural effects. 5. Our work demonstrates significant behaviour and growth differences between nao ¨ve and experienced O. virilis in the presence of invasive O. rusticus. Whether this difference is the result of phenotypic plasticity or evolution by natural selection remains to be determined. Either way, this area of inquiry has implications for managing native populations and species in an increasingly invaded world.
|
2022-12-13T03:21:22.645Z
|
202,583,417 |
{
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"ArXiv": "1909.07544",
"DOI": "10.1073/pnas.1922556117",
"MAG": "3025420807",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7275749"
}
|
Significance The conversion of charge current into spin current, via spin Hall effect (SHE), attracts extensive interest due to its rich physics and significant technological impact. As an attractive method to control magnetism using electric currents, SHE could empower energy-efficient data storage technologies. Here, we answer the fundamental question, what are the key factors that determine the value of SHE? We present the foundational principles for the design of materials with giant values of SHE and demonstrate the essential physics at play. Additionally, we report the discovery of exciting materials that promise giant SHE. These findings are a significant advance in the cutting-edge science and technology of SHE. Spin Hall effect (SHE), a mechanism by which materials convert a charge current into a spin current, invokes interesting physics and promises to empower transformative, energy-efficient memory technology. However, fundamental questions remain about the essential factors that determine SHE. Here, we solve this open problem, presenting a comprehensive theory of five rational design principles for achieving giant intrinsic SHE in transition metal oxides. Arising from our key insight regarding the inherently geometric nature of SHE, we demonstrate that two of these design principles are weak crystal fields and the presence of structural distortions. Moreover, we discover that antiperovskites are a highly promising class of materials for achieving giant SHE, reaching SHE values an order of magnitude larger than that reported for any oxide. Additionally, we derive three other design principles for enhancing SHE. Our findings bring deeper insight into the physics driving SHE and could help enhance and externally control SHE values.
|
2022-12-31T17:59:47.289Z
|
197,763,956 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4236/JSS.2014.21001",
"MAG": "2134561653",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The purpose of this research is to approach queer theories and the critical perspectives of criminology in Brazil by analyzing both the conditions of the possibility and the implications of a queer criminology. Homophobic violence is seen here as the object of study of a queer criminological perspective, whose ambition is the construction of a qualified perspective that is aware of diversity, concerned with human rights and, above all, non-discriminating towards the (positive and negative) political demands of social movements represented by gays, lesbians, bisexuals and transsexuals.
|
2022-02-08T06:27:41.602Z
|
232,277,744 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1159/000087036",
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"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
tion by drugs that have broad rather than targeted reactivity, are as old as the hills (thalidomide) or are more recent, such as the proteosome inhibitor Velcade ® and the newer thalidomide derivatives such as Revlamid ® ? Well, the fi rst answer is as easy as cancer is complex. There are few, or even no, malignancies that are dependant upon a single lesion. Most are, as we know, the result of a multistep process and involve many genetic, epigenetic and possibly post-translation events. The many chromosomal abnormalities in monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain signifi cance (MGUS) are well documented, the additional events that take myeloma to its resistant stages, plasma cell leukaemia and plasmacytoma are partially documented, but what is less clear at present are the events that cause progression, in some patients, from MGUS to MM. Jesús San Miguel provides some intriguing data that suggests that one phenomenon might be silencing of tumour suppressor genes by methylation (and/ or histone deacetylation). The second is the phenomenon of redundancy in most signalling pathways. The logical conclusion is that drugs directed at multiple targets will need to be used in concert to achieve our ultimate goal. The attraction of the drugs that we discussed lies in their multiplicity of sites of action – direct and indirect. These are not untargeted treatments, they are multitargeted . We have the fi rst ‘new’ drugs with clear activity in the treatment of myeloma since the introduction of melphalan and the corticosteroids several decades ago. What we do not have yet is true selective drugs. One purpose of this meeting was to refi ne our understanding of the toxicities of thalidomide and to In the world of multiple myeloma (MM), we live in exciting times. This is in no small part attributable to a veritable explosion in our understanding of the biological intricacies from the cell surface and its environment, to the myriad of signal transduction pathways, genetic and epigenetic alterations that lead to the various malignancies. This, linked to the success of the human genome project, has resulted in a seed change in direction for the pharmaceutical industry. The laudable aim of the day is targeted therapy – rightly acclaimed for its ability to deliver precision in the war against cancer. The best examples, of course, are the use of Glivec ® targeting of the ATP binding pocket of the bcr/abl tyrosine kinase and anti-CD20 therapies, exploited, with precision, by employing the monoclonal antibody rituximab. These developments bring with them the potential of precise, effective and more selective targeting, leading to tumour eradication while limiting the risk to the host. Of course, in the management of ‘myeloma’ we are not, as yet, seeing cures, but we have, in the last few years, acquired new treatments that have enabled giant steps toward that goal. So why did 35 or so of the European leading experts in the treatment of multiple myeloma meet to discuss a disease that is at last succumbing to therapeutic interven-
|
2022-04-04T15:49:35.643Z
|
248,077,442 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1108/oir-04-2021-0205",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "CLOSED",
"url": null
}
|
PurposeMassive open online courses (MOOCs) are among the most recent e-learning initiatives to gain widespread acceptance among universities. However, despite MOOCs' “much-documented” benefits, many questions are being raised late regarding the long-term sustainability of the open online teaching e-learning model. With high dropout rates in MOOCs courses, recent research has focused on the challenges limiting MOOCs’ growth. But most of the research is directed toward students’ perspectives, leaving the instructors’ perspective. One of the most important aspects of instructors’ perspective is the motivation for MOOCs' development and delivery.Design/methodology/approachThe present study collected the data from 25 MOOC developers of Indian origin. To prioritize or rank the motivational factor behind developing a MOOC, a fuzzy-analytical hierarchical process (F-AHP) technique was applied to the data set. The primary motivational factors considered for the study were professional development, altruism, personal development, institutional development, intrigue, monetary benefits and peer influence.FindingsThe results showed that professional development and personal development are two prime motives that drive MOOCs development. Monetary benefits and peer influence were the least important factors among all the factors considered for the study.Originality/valuePrevious studies have identified and modeled the motivational factors that contribute toward developing MOOCs. However, there was little knowledge about the hierarchy among the motivating factors. The present study fills this gap by establishing the ranking of motivational factors responsible for MOOCs development.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-04-2021-0205.
|
2022-04-30T12:39:52.350Z
|
233,612,732 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5195/JYD.2021.968",
"MAG": "3145954874",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Active engagement of youth participants in the evaluation process is an increasingly sought out method, but the field can still benefit from new methods that ease youth participatory evaluation implementation. Meaningful youth engagement in the evaluation process is particularly advantageous under the 4-H thriving model because of its potential to contribute to positive youth development, foster relationship building, enhance evaluation capacity, and improve program quality through improved evaluations. This program sought to facilitate actively engaging youth in the evaluation process by breaking it up into clear and manageable steps including evaluation design, data collection, data interpretation and analysis, reporting results, and outlining programmatic change. To achieve this aim, program staff designed the Evaluation Skill-a-Thon, a set of self-paced, experiential evaluation activities at various stations through which youth participants rotate. Actively involving youth participants in the evaluation process using the Skill-a-Thon model resulted in youth being able to identify and design programmatic changes, increased participation and response rates in other evaluations, and several youth participants’ gaining an interest in evaluation and working to design evaluations in later years. The Evaluation Skill-a-Thon holds promise for actively engaging youth participants in the entire evaluation process, easy implementation, and increasing evaluation capacity.
|
2022-06-28T01:58:49.619Z
|
116,285,954 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4067/S0718-33052017000300464",
"MAG": "2753190823",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
espanolEl uso de redes de tecnologia avanzada como RENATA, y dentro de estas, la computacion avanzada, abre grandes posibilidades en las Instituciones de Educacion Superior -IES-. Ambos temas requieren un tratamiento adecuado buscando garantizar su alineacion con la mision, la vision y las metas organizacionales. Se busca, ademas, potenciar infraestructuras grid para la e-Ciencia en el pais. Este articulo propone la linea base del plan estrategico para la Comunidad Colombiana de Computacion Avanzada 3CoA®, a partir de un ejercicio hecho en la Universidad de Medellin. Se explica el proceso de construccion del plan estrategico mediante analisis DOFA y cocreacion con multiples publicos. Ademas se muestra su estructura y retos de ejecucion. Los expertos del dominio consideran relevante esta construccion ya que la comunidad 3CoA® tendra un norte claro en los siguientes cinco anos, lo que redunda en la optimizacion de esfuerzos y alineacion de voluntades en funcion de un conjunto de estrategias definidas y propositos comunes. EnglishThe use of advanced technology networks such as RENATA, and within it, an advanced computing opens great possibilities in higher education institutions. Both issues require appropriate treatment looking forward to ensure the alignment with the mission, vision and organizational goals. It also seeks to enhance the infrastructure grid for e-Science in the country. This paper proposes the basis of the strategic plan for the Colombian Online Community Advanced Computing 3CoA®, from an exercise done at Universidad de Medellin. The construction process of the strategic plan is explained by SWOT analysis and co-creation with multiple audiences. Furthermore, its structure and implementation challenges are shown. Domain experts consider that this construction is relevant since the 3CoA® community will have a well-specified strategy in the next 5 years, resulting in the optimization of efforts and wills alignment based on a set of defined strategies and common purposes.
|
2022-10-30T17:08:57.615Z
|
253,209,511 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.4028/p-4v4w0x",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Computational prediction of damage in cement-based composites, as steel fibre reinforced ones, under mechanical, thermal, etc. loads, manifested as creation of micro-fractured zones, followed by potential initiation and evolution of macroscopic cracks, is a rather delicatematter, due to the necessity of bridging between micro- and macro-scales. This short paper presents a relatively simple approach, using certain extension of the finite element technique, open to possible generalizations. Such model admits proper verification of its existence andconvergence results, from the physical and mathematical formulation up to software implementation of relevant algorithms. Its practical applicability is documented on computational examples.
|
2022-11-05T14:08:10.552Z
|
149,710,877 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3166/PSON-2018-0054",
"MAG": "2911549194",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Une nouvelle terminologie s’impose progressivement en Amerique du Nord qui designe les patients oncologiques comme des survivors en situation de survivorship. Le survivant au cancer n’est plus une victime du cancer, il est plutot decrit comme un sujet transforme par l’experience de la maladie. Dans la version forte du discours de la survivance, le cancer l’a rendu meilleur, il est « la meilleure chose qui lui soit arrivee ». Nous formulons l’hypothese que ce discours trouve ses sources dans la tradition doloriste (qui donne a la souffrance une valeur existentielle positive), les mouvements d’emancipation du paternalisme (qui reconfigurent le patient en acteur de sa sante) et la psychologie positive (qui valorise les representations et affects positifs, meme a propos du cancer). Comme l’ont montre plusieurs travaux socioanthropologiques, un danger du discours de la survivance est son effet d’alienation chez les patients. Les cliniciens devraient ainsi faire preuve de prudence a l’egard de ce type de rhetorique.
|
2022-12-23T02:06:58.611Z
|
250,250,953 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/mtp/miac022",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Preterm (PT) infants are routinely screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). After ROP screening exams, PT infants are at risk for adverse events (AEs), including apnea and bradycardia (ABD), respiratory decompensation, infection, and gastrointestinal complications. Music therapy (MT) has been shown to improve overall physiologic stability in PT infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this case series, a board-certified music therapist used a music therapy protocol during 47 ROP screening exams. The study’s purpose was to explore the potential effects of NICU MT on AEs linked to ROP screening. No infant had any respiratory decompensation, new infection, or other complications. The rate of ABD after screening exams was low. MT during ROP screening appears safe and feasible. We hypothesize that MT might prevent ABD associated with ROP screening, a theory that could be effectively studied in a randomized controlled trial.
|
2022-07-04T15:59:03.771Z
|
250,738,709 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/0022-3727/11/13/012",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In order to deduce the form of the current pulse in a lightning return stroke at altitude from measurements made at ground level, a model of the channel is required. Inductance and capacitance values for a ladder LCR network representing the lightning channel are deduced from the initial electrostatic field distribution around a simplified model of a charged cloud and a vertical unbranched leader. The resistance of the channel is assumed constant with height, and all the network parameters are assumed independent of time. Current pulses are calculated at ground level and at various heights. The pulse parameters deduced at ground level are in rough agreement with observation. The predicted variation of the current pulse with altitude is discussed, and the implications for assessing the risks to aircraft are briefly described.
|
2022-07-31T09:05:04.852Z
|
28,612,525 |
{
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"DOI": "10.1001/ARCHINTE.1954.00250050023004",
"MAG": "2033657516",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
IN THE past 18 months personal autopsy examination and histologic study have been made on four cases of florid acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, on one case of focal acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, and on one case showing sequelae of a severe remote attack. In all acute cases I have been deeply impressed by the degree and extent of renal nephrotic involvement. This seemed to be so much an integral part of the syndrome that it appeared to have some common etiologic basis, and the study here recorded is believed to elucidate the nature and cause of the renal involvement and to emphasize a possibly common fatal complication of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. In addition, it is believed that the "chronic," or remote, case hereunder described completes the picture of the natural course and evolution of the renal lesion in those who survive the acute episode. REPORT OF CASES The Acute Phase Case 1.
|
2022-09-11T15:02:46.951Z
|
239,055,009 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/flgastro-2021-101996",
"MAG": null,
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9186034"
}
|
Ammonia is key in the development of hepatic encephalopathy. A clear relationship between the degree of hyperammonemia and worsening encephalopathy is wellestablished in acute liver failure. The utility of ammonia testing in the diagnosis of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE), however, has been repeatedly questioned. First, the route (venous or arterial), laboratory and prandial state all contribute to wide variations in ammonia levels. Second, the correlation between ammonia levels and stage of OHE is only modest with many patients with ‘normal’ levels presenting with clinically highgrade encephalopathy. Lastly, hepatic encephalopathy is a clinical diagnosis dependent on a history and physical examination; as such, ammonia is notably absent from diagnostic and grading algorithms. Therefore, since ammonia levels are often not clinically relevant, its frequent misuse can result in excess healthcare costs. To answer the question of the impact of excessive ammonia ordering, Aby et al explore the prevalence and resulting financial consequences of inappropriate ammonia testing.
|
2022-10-28T00:28:26.631Z
|
225,295,162 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1515/ract-2019-3192",
"MAG": "3082543711",
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"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Samples of Egyptian monazite ore obtained from black sand of Abu-Khashaba, Rashied (Rosetta) area on the Mediterranean Sea coast were analyzed for some lanthanides and coexisting elements using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The analyses were carried out qualitatively and quantitatively for the elements Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb and Sc, La as well as the accompanying elements Co, Cr, Fe, Hf, Nb, Zn, Zr in addition to the actinides Th and U; whereas after relatively longer decay time the following lanthanide elements were analyzed: Ce, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb and Sc, beside the accompanying elements Co, Cr, Fe, Hf, Nb, Zn, Zr and Th. Two certified reference materials (CRM) were used in this study. For sorption studies, radioactive isotopes 141Ce, 160Tb, 169Yb, 95Zr, 181Hf, and 95Nb were prepared by neutron irradiation to trace the adsorption behaviors of their corresponding elements under certain conditions. Furthermore, radiochemical separation of the analyzed elements in the irradiated monazite samples in sulfuric acid solutions was carried out. Ion exchange technique was applied under static and dynamic conditions and the employed inorganic ion exchangers were locally synthesized and characterized using FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tools. Good group separation of the analyzed lanthanide elements from the accompanying elements was achieved.
|
2022-12-13T03:47:02.898Z
|
31,678,733 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1667/RR1457.1",
"MAG": "2150659012",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Fournier, C., Barberet, P., Pouthier, T., Ritter, S., Fischer, B., Voss, K. O., Funayama, T., Hamada, N., Kobayashi, Y. and Taucher-Scholz, G. No Evidence for DNA and Early Cytogenetic Damage in Bystander Cells after Heavy-Ion Microirradiation at Two Facilities. Radiat. Res. 171, 530–540 (2009). The occurrence of bystander effects has challenged the evaluation of risk for heavy ions, mainly in the context of space exploration and the increasing application of carbon ions in radiotherapy. In the present study, we addressed whether heavy-ion-induced DNA and cytogenetic damage is detectable in bystander cells. The formation of γ-H2AX foci, sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei were used as markers of damage to DNA. Normal human fibroblasts were exposed to low fluences of carbon and uranium ions, and alternatively single cells were targeted with heavy ions using the GSI microbeam. We did not observe a significant increase in the bystander formation of γ-H2AX foci, sister chromatid exchanges or micronuclei. In addition, we performed for the first time parallel experiments at two microbeam facilities (GSI, JAEA) using the same cell line, culture conditions and irradiation protocols. No significant enhancement of the micronucleus frequencies in bystander cells was detected after targeted carbon-ion irradiation, confirming the results. Details regarding the history, culture conditions or support of the cells might be affecting the detection of bystander effects. On the other hand, the potential X-ray- and heavy-ion-induced bystander effects investigated herein clearly do not exceed the experimental error and thus are either lacking or are less pronounced than the effects reported in the literature for similar end points after α-particle and X-ray exposure.
|
2022-12-20T18:43:29.868Z
|
92,991,058 |
{
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"ArXiv": "1901.07738",
"DOI": "10.1093/mnras/stz214",
"MAG": "2911190996",
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},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/84608902/RMs_mnras_v2.pdf"
}
|
We determined Faraday rotation measures (RMs) towards 137 pulsars in the northern sky, using Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) observations at 110–190 MHz. This low-frequency RM catalogue, the largest to date, improves the precision of existing RM measurements on average by a factor of 20 – due to the low frequency and wide bandwidth of the data, aided by the RM-synthesis method. We report RMs towards 25 pulsars for the first time. The RMs were corrected for ionospheric Faraday rotation to increase the accuracy of our catalogue to ≈0.1 rad m−2. The ionospheric RM correction is currently the largest contributor to the measurement uncertainty. In addition, we find that the Faraday dispersion functions towards pulsars are extremely Faraday thin – mostly less than 0.001 rad m−2. We use these new precise RM measurements (in combination with existing RMs, dispersion measures, and distance estimates) to estimate the scale height of the Galactic halo magnetic field: 2.0 ± 0.3 kpc for Galactic quadrants I and II above and below the Galactic plane (we also evaluate the scale height for these regions individually). Overall, our initial low-frequency catalogue provides valuable information about the 3D structure of the Galactic magnetic field.
|
2022-12-30T00:52:16.712Z
|
122,472,729 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1117/12.886716",
"MAG": "2093395503",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Photonic crystal fiber long-period gratings (PCF-LPGs) operating near the phase-matching turning point to achieve high sensitivity to the refractive index of gas and liquid analytes infiltrated into cladding air holes are designed by numerical optimization. The vectorial finite element method is employed for the modal analysis of an index-guiding PCF and the calculation of the phase matching curves. The geometrical parameters of PCF (pitch and diameter of air holes arranged in a periodic triangular array) are optimized by using the down-hill simplex technique to engineer the dispersion of modes coupled by a LPG to obtain the turning point in the phase-matching curve at a desired wavelength for a given analyte refractive index. The resonant wavelength is subsequently extremely sensitive to the analyte refractive index, however, its large shifts can be detected with a substantially reduced resolution because the resonance dip in the LPG transmission spectrum is very broad. On the other hand, the broad resonance provides a broadband operation of a PCF-LPG sensor and its high sensitivity to the refractive index can still be achieved by relying on changes in the coupling strength (and consequently in the transmission loss) rather than in the resonant wavelength of LPG. We consider coupling between the fundamental core mode and the first-order symmetric cladding mode. We also explore an alternative approach based on coupling between the fundamental core mode and the fundamental space-filling mode instead of the individual cladding mode. The PCF-LPG structure optimized for refractive-index sensing is also assessed for label-free biosensing.
|
2022-08-28T21:28:56.662Z
|
24,422,494 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/INTLEC.2011.6099788",
"MAG": "2001902260",
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"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Tapped-inductor Buck (TI-Buck) converter has the advantage of appropriate duty cycle ratio during large voltage conversion ratio and is widely used in many cases. In order to improve the performance of TI-Buck converter, the control strategy of TI-Buck converter is presented in this paper based on the energy-shaping theory of interconnection and damping assignment passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) techniques. First, the Port-controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) model of TI-Buck converter is derived. With the model, the feedback controller of TI-Buck converter is given based on IDA-PBC techniques, and the stability of system equilibrium point is analyzed. Furthermore, an integrator is added in parallel with the passive output preserving stability to avoid steady state errors induced by the presence of noise and modeling errors. In order to verify the theory expectation, computer simulation is carried out. Simulation results show that the control scheme achieves a good regulation of output voltage and let the system have a quite strong robustness, and an enough control capability to the variability of input voltage and load.
|
2022-09-30T03:03:45.534Z
|
67,860,376 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1093/jscr/rjz026",
"MAG": "2913130185",
"PubMedCentral": "6368205"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jscr/rjz026"
}
|
Abstract Herniation of gastrointestinal structures through the foramen of Winslow is rare, with patients presenting with nonspecific symptoms. We describe a 47-year-old woman who presented with generalized, intermittent, colicky abdominal pain for a duration of 4 days. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed findings consistent with herniation of the ileocecal junction through the foramen of Winslow. Laparoscopic assisted internal hernia reduction with ileocecal resection and side-to-side ileocolic anastomosis were done. The cecum and terminal ileum were resected due to signs of ischemia. Her postoperative was uneventful, and she was discharged in the second postoperative day. She did not show any signs or symptoms suggestive of complications or recurrence during her follow-up.
|
2022-10-24T16:00:02.878Z
|
97,105,819 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/J100163A018",
"MAG": "2100884667",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (CAS-MCSCF) followed by second-order CI (SOCI) and relativistic CI (RCI) calculations including spin-orbit coupling are carried out on low-lying electronic states of HfH{sub 2}. Potential energy surfaces of 12 electronic states of HfH{sub 2} for studying the insertion of Hf(a{sup 3}F), Hf(a{sup 1}D), and Hf(a{sup 5}F) states into H{sub 2} are constructed. The authors find that the low-lying Hf({sup 1}D) inserts into H{sub 2} spontaneously to form the HfH{sub 2} molecule in the {sup 1}A{sub 1} state, while the {sup 3}F ground state of Hf atom has to surmount a barrier for insertion into H{sub 2}. However, the small but nonnegligible spin-orbit coupling matrix elements at the crossing of the {sup 1}A{sub 1} bent-structure surface with triplet surfaces provides a nonzero nonadiabatic transition probability for insertion of the Hf(a{sup 3}F) state with a smaller barrier into H{sub 2}. The {sup 1}A{sub 1} ground state of HfH{sub 2} was found to have r{sub e} = 1.842 {angstrom}, {theta}{sub e} = 126.7{degree}, {mu}{sub e} = 0.31 D, and D{sub e} = 30 kcal/mol relative to Hf({sup 3}F{sub 2}) + H{sub 2}. There are several low-lying triplet and singlet states that mix with each other in themore » presence of spin-orbit coupling.« less
|
2022-10-03T16:19:17.232Z
|
236,826,155 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.37304/JEM.V1I3.2567",
"MAG": "3162310306",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Banturung village, located in Bukit Batu Subdistrict, Palangka Raya city, is known with its considerable agricultural products, especially in horticultural crops subsector. The superior horticultural crops commodities, however, needs more attention since input side of production process is still experiencing problems for further development. Hence formulating strategy for its development is a nessecity. This study aims to identify leading commodities and to formulate development strategy for such commodity in the village. A LQ analysis and farmers' preferences were used to determine the superior crops, while SWOT analysis was applied to formulete development strategy for the superior one. The results showed top four commodity were beans (LQ = 8.26), long beans (LQ = 2.75), onions red (LQ = 2.06), and eggplant (LQ = 1.84). The strategies could be took for their development are: 1) increasing cooperation/partnership between farmer institutions and private or government parties, 2) increasing the carrying capacity of infra-structure and facilities, 3) optimizing capital assistance from government as stimulant for processing innovation, mar-keting, and dissemination of products, and 4) providing information and data to support marketing inquiry.
|
2022-10-04T17:26:17.862Z
|
96,745,099 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/CRAT.201200032",
"MAG": "2075081686",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The Rare earth mixed oxides Dy2‐xHox O3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0) solid solution was synthesized by a sol–gel process. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected and crystal structure and microstructure analyses were performed applying Rietveld refinement method. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy were used to define the microstructure and to locally probe the structure of the samples. The cationic distribution over the two non‐equivalent sites 8b and 24d of the space group Ia3 is found to be randomly. The crystallite size and microstrain as well as Raman modes positions are influenced by Ho3+ concentration. The apparent size is isotropic but significant anisotropy is found for the microstrain with its largest value along the crystallographic direction [h00]. Inspite the single phase solid solution confirmed by Rietveld analysis for all samples, Raman spectra detected the coexistence of two phases; cubic and distorted monoclinic of too small amount or highly disordered, i.e. amorphous like, to be detected by XRD. The result indicates the ability of Raman spectroscopy to detect minor phases in solid solutions. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
|
2022-12-10T20:19:26.095Z
|
218,599,029 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0886260520917509",
"MAG": "3024808239",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This study examined the association between community violence exposure (CVE), sex without contraception, and adolescent pregnancy in Chicago. A self-administered, online survey was conducted among 15- to 19-year-old girls from the South and West sides of Chicago from October to March 2018. Participants were recruited via community organization partnerships and social media advertising. The survey included questions about CVE, sexual behaviors, and covariates that are known to contribute to sexual risk taking. CVE was measured via a validated index of seven questions that measured individual experiences with violence. Multivariable and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between CVE, penile–vaginal intercourse without contraception, and ever being pregnant. The final sample included 644 girls. Levels of CVE were high: 62.87% of girls reported that a close friend or relative died because of violence and 41.60% were a victim of violence. Nearly half (48.69%) of girls had penile–vaginal intercourse and 6.01% had been pregnant. For each standard deviation increase in CVE score, the odds of penile–vaginal intercourse without contraception (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.27, 2.25]) and the odds of ever being pregnant (OR = 1.87, 95% CI = [1.36, 2.57]) increased. These results remained significant when adjusting for demographic, psychosocial, institutional, and interpersonal factors. Findings suggest that girls in Chicago who are exposed to higher levels of community violence have an increased likelihood of experiencing penile–vaginal intercourse without contraception and teenage pregnancy, even when adjusting for other predictors to teenage pregnancy.
|
2022-12-20T17:33:55.896Z
|
249,268,818 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1367-2630/ac71bd",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac71bd"
}
|
Recently, topological chains have attracted extensive attention because of their simple structure, rich physics and important applications. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally uncover that the abundant topological phases of periodic trimer chain composed of one kind of meta-atom, namely split-ring resonators (SRRs), can be flexibly controlled by tunning the rotation angle of SRRs. On the one hand, we study the rotation controlled phase transition between two topological distinguished trimer chains with inversion symmetry. The generation of symmetric edge states can be easily controlled in this phase transition. On the other hand, the topological phases of the trimer chain broken inversion symmetry is demonstrated. Especially, the rotation controlled asymmetric edge states are observed in this process. So, rotation provides a new degree of freedom to manipulate edge states in the trimer chain composed of SRRs. The results in this work not only provide a flexible way to observe controlled edge states, but also provide a good research platform for designing other topological models with complex coupling distributions.
|
2022-12-26T16:38:56.125Z
|
52,020,685 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/MCOM.2018.1700966",
"MAG": "2887450251",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Optical networks can support a large amount of IP traffic in the next generation of networks with energy efficiency awareness. However, the ever increasing demand of IP traffic also renders tremendous energy consumption in the next generation of networks. The traditional separate design for wireline and wireless networks cannot meet the demand of energy efficiency in the systems well. Fortunately, SDN provides effective leverage to transform such a separate design into a wireline-wireless cross-network design. In this article, through employing software defined cross-networks, the wired routing and wireless transmission can be controlled in an integrated and centralized way. Intelligent algorithms can thus be used for effective implementation of joint design with low delay, powerful control function of networks, and energy-efficient trade-off across the networks. However, it is challenging to find a suitable trade-off among energy efficiency, energy consumption, and traffic delays between wired and wireless networks. This motivates us to propose a novel and feasible integrated energy- efficient framework. We also provide several promising research directions for joint energy efficiency designs in the next generation of networks.
|
2022-12-29T20:01:47.723Z
|
44,619,823 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3143/GERIATRICS.41.245",
"MAG": "2316327898",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
パーキンソン病の罹患率は高齢になるほど高くなり, 65歳を超えると数百人に一人という高率になって, 脳血管障害, 痴呆に次いで第3位を占める神経疾患である. 薬剤性パーキンソニズム, 血管性パーキンソニズム, パーキンソン病類似の変性疾患 (進行性核上性麻痺, 線条体黒質変症, 大脳皮質基底核変性症) も増加する. 高齢者パーキンソン病は, 高齢期発症のパーキンソン病と初老期以前の発症で長い罹病期間の患者によって構成される. どちらであっても, 抗パーキンソン病薬は有効ではあるが劇的ではなく, 寝たきりになりやすい. 副作用では, 幻覚やせん妄のような精神症状が出現しやすい一方で, wearing-off のようなL-ドパの効果の変動や不安定性は出現しにくい. 痴呆, 抑うつ症状のような精神症状, 頑固な便秘, 排尿困難や尿失禁, 起立性低血圧などの自律神経症状の出現頻度も高い. 高齢初発のパーキンソン病は, まず十分量のL-ドパを投与して, 運動障害の改善を図り, 寝たきりやそれによる合併症を防ぐ. L-ドパの効果が不十分なら, 副作用が少なく服用法が複雑でないドパミンアゴニストを併用する. 目標の治療効果を達成でき, しかも副作用が出ないように, 抗パーキンソン病薬の種類と量を決めるのがコツである. 多剤服用中の患者に副作用, とくに幻覚, 妄想, せん妄のような精神症状が出現した場合には, 次の順に, まず最後に加えた薬の中止, 抗コリン薬, アマンタジン, セレギリンを中止, ドパミンアゴニストの減量/中止, さらに不十分ならL-ドパの減量を実施する. それでもなお精神症状が続くなら, 錐体外路副作用の弱い非定型抗精神病薬を併用する. 適切な薬物治療と並んで, リハビリテーション, 筋力維持の運動などの非薬物療法, 介護や生活サポートなどが, 精神身体の機能維持, ADLとQOLに大きな影響を与える疾患でもある. 医療と福祉を結合し自立を助け機能維持を図るために, 総合的機能評価にもとづいたマネージメントが必要である.
|
2022-02-12T01:12:47.412Z
|
238,379,346 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21608/HISS.2022.190282",
"MAG": "3194268081",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Purpose – The purpose of the study was to establish the determinants of disaster risk reduction procedures implementation in Egyptian general petroleum corporation. The major obstacle, however, has been inadequate regulatory compliance. The study’s objectives were to find out the effect of strategic planning, the role of staff competence, and the effect of top management support on the implementation of DRR procedures.
Design/methodology/approach – The study used a conceptual framework that involves both independent and dependent variables. Independent variables for this study are strategic planning, staff competence, top management support, while the dependent variable is the implementation of DRR procedures. The study used a descriptive survey design and sampled 43 participants. Questionnaires were used to collect data which was analyzed according to the research objectives.
Findings – The study found out that both staff competence and support from top management were a significant prediction of implementation of DRR procedures and strategic planning was not a significant predictor of implementation of DRR procedures. The study recommends that management of EGPC to accord staff maximum support to enhance DRR procedures implementation and recommends that top management should decentralization of the decision-making process for DRR; they also should provide incentives to those preparing strategic plans for DRR. Giving incentives and involving workers in important decisions would go a long way in motivating them and thereby enhance the implementation of DDR procedures.
Originality/value – The study represents one of the first attempts in the literature to establish the determinants of disaster risk reduction procedures implementation in the Egyptian petroleum sector.
|
2022-04-01T01:06:20.187Z
|
15,584,437 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7153/MIA-17-71",
"MAG": "2335443664",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Let φ and ψ be analytic self-maps of the open unit disk D . Using pseudo-hyperbolic distance ρ(φ ,ψ) , we characterize the boundedness and compactness of the differences of generalized composition operators (C φ −Ch ψ ) f (z) = ∫ z 0 [ f ′(φ(ξ ))g(ξ )− f ′(ψ(ξ ))h(ξ )]dξ , z ∈ D between two Bloch-type spaces on D . The results generalize the corresponding results on the single generalized composition operator and on the differences of generalized composition operators on the Bloch space. Mathematics subject classification (2010): Primary 47B38; secondary 30H30.
|
2022-08-20T18:06:09.923Z
|
235,512,426 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.26685/URNCST.224",
"MAG": "3158197537",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Introduction: The intricate relation between depression and inflammation has become a prevalent topic of discussion among the scientific community. Pro-inflammatory cytokines exert depressogenic effects by crossing the blood brain barrier and disrupting serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) homeostasis through serotonin transporters (SERTs). SERTs induce 5-HT reuptake, causing 5-HT deficiency. This study demonstrates that (1) exercise decreases levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), and (2) a decline in TNF-α attenuates SERT activity through the proposed mechanism of activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in the hippocampus. Methods: 32 Sprague-Dawley rats are randomly divided into four groups. Rats not exercising serve as control. Exercising rats, exposed to 6 weeks of treadmill exercise, receive either vehicle intracerebroventricular injection, intracerebroventricular injection of TNF-α antibody Infliximab, or intracerebroventricular injection of MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Control rats also receive vehicle intracerebroventricular injection. 24 hours post-injection, blood is collected, and serum is separated for an ELISA test to assess TNF-α levels. To measure SERT gene expression, RNA is isolated from hippocampal tissue and PCR is performed. Results: Exercising rats are anticipated to show reduced TNF-α levels compared to control, confirming exercise decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines. Exercising rats should also show decreased SERT gene expression, as exercise attenuates TNF-α mediated stimulation of SERTs. SERT expression is expected to be similar in rats injected with Infliximab and SB203580, suggesting that TNF-α exerts its effect through the p38 MAPK pathway. Discussion: Moderate intensity exercise reduces TNF-α levels, which limits 5-HT uptake by attenuating the expression of the SERT gene, thus mitigating depressive symptoms. It is also postulated that TNF-α modulates levels of SERT expression through the p38 MAPK pathway, as rats injected with SB203580 have shown to have similar gene expression as rats injected with Infliximab. Conclusion: Understanding the negative correlation between exercise and depression provides insight into viable treatment alternatives for depression. Exercise may be used alone or in conjunction with current treatments to prevent or minimize symptoms of mood disorders. Further investigation may reveal the effects of other cytokines on extracellular 5-HT levels, and their consequent influence on depression and its symptoms.
|
2022-09-09T14:55:27.100Z
|
18,047,727 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/INTECH.2016.7845114",
"MAG": "2586097150",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This exploratory study investigates the ISO standards for quality management in perspective of software industry. The objective is to examine the applicability of ISO standards generic quality guidelines on software process, product and organization. The frameworks of ISO are studied and understood. Different comparisons are developed and refined to find out the correlation or contrast between ISO standards and SEI's CMMI, largely adopted SQM framework. The study would find answers to the research questions through intensive literature review. The study will enhance the reader's understanding about the ISO standards and would also elaborate the usefulness of ISO in SQM perspective. The paper is also a pedagogic contribution to software engineering education.
|
2022-09-09T07:26:53.998Z
|
46,500,940 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5220/0006485101050108",
"MAG": "2739809344",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.5220/0006485101050108"
}
|
Nowadays, cyber-risks are an important aspect on the business agenda in every company, but they are difficult to analyze. Cyber-insurance is considered as appropriate means to absorb financial losses caused by computer security breaches. This article explains how a customer and his risks are assessed by an insurance company. It shows which funds the insurer has available to make the risk assessment and thus to check the
|
2022-12-10T00:09:40.452Z
|
182,623,073 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2514/6.2019-2605",
"MAG": "2945570872",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02196620/file/DAAA19027.1549633226%20%281%29.pdf"
}
|
This paper presents aeroacoustic investigations on a full-scale Ultra High Bypass Ratio (UHBR) engine with inflow distortion at transonic conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are first realized to compute the shocks in the vicinity of the fan. The shocks are then radiated outside of the nacelle thanks to Computational AeroAcoustics (CAA) simulations. The same solver is used for both CFD and CAA simulations and the chaining is done by injecting the shocks in terms of usual conservative variables using a non-reflecting boundary condition. The CAA solver is based on the non-linearized Euler equations which allows to define the CFD/CAA interface close to the fan where the propagation of shocks is highly non-linear. Both shock generation and shock propagation mechanisms are investigated and the effects of inflow distortion are highlighted by comparison with a baseline case without distortion. It is shown that the distortion, characterized by an acceleration of the flow at the bottom of the nacelle, is responsible for a modification of the shock amplitudes that depends on the circumferential position. Thus, azimuthal modes appear in addition to the rotor-locked mode present without distortion. The near-field radiation is also highly impacted with most of the noise being directed towards the sky. This is due to the blockage of shocks by a supersonic flow region in the bottom of the nacelle. The radiation is in addition highly heterogeneous in the other directions because of the various angles of the shocks that leave the nacelle.
|
2022-12-13T10:26:52.229Z
|
151,864,172 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1525/dcqr.2017.6.1.1",
"MAG": "2604952113",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In “Feeling Brown, Feeling Down,” Jose Esteban Munoz writes about depression, or what he calls “the depressive position,” as an affect/ive position. His articulation of “brown feelings… chronicles a certain ethics of the self that is utilized and deployed by people of color and other minoritarian subjects who don't feel quite right within the protocols of normative affect and comportment.”1 Munoz's contribution to conversations about affect and affective “particularity and belonging” is to ask us to pay attention to feelings and positionings, rather than identity categories and developmental discourses of normativity. He writes:
> Affect is not meant to be a simple placeholder for identity in my work. Indeed, it is supposed to be something altogether different; it is, instead, supposed to be descriptive of the receptors we use to hear each other and the frequencies on which certain subalterns speak and are heard or, more importantly, felt.2
The articles in this issue of Departures in Critical Qualitative Research ( Departures ) resonate with Munoz's focus on feelings and positionings, articulating in “narratives of being and belonging” affective portraits of academic depression among queer faculty of color, the microaggressions, and the workings of difference set against an assumed (hetero)normativity in organizational relationships and collaborations within the academy, and appeals for biodiverse and non-normative understandings of individuals …
|
2022-02-09T03:08:29.248Z
|
31,808,669 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.3928/0279-3695-19970101-15",
"MAG": "152393559",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
1. Psychiatric nurses have much to learn from and offer to the field of psychosocial rehabilitation and the psychiatric rehabilitation approach. 2. Psychiatric rehabilitation hopes to increase the functioning of persons with psychiatric disabilities so they can be successful in their environments with the least amount of ongoing professional intervention. 3. The hope of recovery, and of living, working, and loving in a community, is a significant advance from previous notions of how to care for persons with mental illness.
|
2022-12-19T19:43:29.907Z
|
1,638,156 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1939-0025.1978.tb01296.x",
"MAG": "1978554689",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Developmental theory suggests that language may be a compensatory factor in the cognitive functioning of hyperactive children. A comparison between first-graders of high activity level and those of low activity level provided support for this theory. Language maturity emerged as a significant variable in task performance and overall school achievement for the high-activity-level group only.
|
2022-12-21T02:49:16.519Z
|
90,038,932 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1161/01.HYP.36.SUPPL_1.707-B",
"MAG": "2615162848",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
P79 Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important modulator of cell growth via AT 1 receptors, as demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro . Here, we investigated the role of different proteins involved in the cell cycle, including cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (cdk4) and cdk inhibitors p21 and p27 in blood vessels of Ang II-infused rats and the effect therein of the AT 1 receptor antagonist losartan. Male Sprague Dawley rats were infused for 7 days with Ang II (120 ng/kg/min s.c.) and/or treated with losartan (10 mg/kg/day orally). DNA synthesis in mesenteric arteries was evaluated by radiolabeled 3 H-thymidine incorporation. The expression of p21, p27, cyclin D1, cdk4 and E2F, which play critical roles during G1-phase of the cell cycle process, was examined by Western blot analysis. Tail cuff systolic blood pressure (mmHg) was elevated (p 3 H-thymidine incorporation (cpm/100 μg DNA) showed that Ang II-infusion significantly increased DNA synthesis (152±5 vs. 102±6, p was significantly decreased in the Ang II group to 23.2±10.4% and 10.3±5.3% of controls, respectively, whereas expression of cyclin D1 and cdk4 was significantly increased in the Ang II group to 213.7±8% and 263.6±37% of controls, respectively. These effects induced by Ang II infusion was normalized in the presence of losartan. Ang II had no effect on the expression of E2F. Thus, when AT 1 receptors are stimulated in vivo , DNA synthesis is enhanced in blood vessels by activation of cyclin D1 and cdk4. Reduction in cell cycle kinase inhibitors p21 and p27 may contribute to activation of growth induced by in vivo AT 1 receptor stimulation.
|
2022-02-10T19:15:59.075Z
|
27,382,779 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1177/0033294117711130",
"MAG": "2621371860",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This study used a reversal theory framework to examine motivational dominance and changes in motivational state, arousal, stress, and emotions among members of traditional Japanese (Nihon Odori Sports Science (NOSS)) and New Zealand (Kapa Haka) dance groups. Eighty-four participants (50 in Japan and 34 in New Zealand) completed questionnaires on each variable before and after a dance class. The findings indicated that the Kapa Haka dancers were significantly more playful and arousal-seeking than the NOSS dancers. They also reported higher overall arousal, preferred arousal, and effort during performance while the NOSS dancers became more serious afterward. Data on emotions matched those of arousal in that the Kapa Haka dancers felt significantly more excited and provocative after the session. The NOSS dancers were more relaxed and placid, both overall and after dancing. These patterns were consistent with the dancers’ respective motivational states and motivational dominance, and suggest that both dances can be effective in reducing negative affect. They also suggest that psychological effects are dependent upon performers' personal and cultural affiliation with the two dance forms.
|
2022-02-12T15:32:09.050Z
|
122,077,135 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/0954-3899/39/8/085112",
"MAG": "2029993202",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The effect of the potential well size on the spectra and B(E2) transition rates of the Z(5) solution of the Bohr Hamiltonian, corresponding to triaxial shapes, has been studied. Convergence to the Z(5) solution is obtained for large well sizes. The results are compared to the infinite well, the harmonic oscillator and the rigid triaxial rotor results. The relevance of this solution to the prolate to oblate shape/phase transition in neutron-rich nuclei in the W–Os–Pt region is discussed.
|
2022-09-09T13:40:00.307Z
|
241,470,720 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.35940/ijitee.j9547.0981119",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCND",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.j9547.0981119"
}
|
Addition is a vital arithmetic operation and is the base of other arithmetic operations such as multiplication, subtraction and division. Adder is a digital circuit that does addition of binary numbers. The 1-bit full adder is the basic block of an arithmetic unit. In VLSI, there are many efficient techniques to design digital circuits. Some of the techniques are Pass Transistor logic (PTL), Complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and Transmitter gate (TG). There are several adder designs implemented to reduce the power. However, each design undergoes from precise disadvantage. The adder design with good driving capability requires more power and the design with more delay which consumes less power. In this paper 8-bit Carry Increment Adder (CIA), Carry Bypass Adder (CBA), Carry Skip Adder (CSKA), Carry Look Ahead Adder (CLA), Kogge Stone Adder (KSA), Han Carlson Adder (HCA), and Brent Kung Adder (BKA) are implemented using Gate Diffusion Input (GDI) logic. These designs are simulated and implemented using Tanner tool. The result shows that CBA, CLA, and KSA designs using GDI logic are more efficient compared to CMOS logic in view of power consumption, delay, and area (transistors count) respectively
|
2022-09-30T01:02:55.332Z
|
252,581,202 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.21696/rcsl122320221406",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://revista.colsan.edu.mx/index.php/COLSAN/article/download/1406/1508"
}
|
El objetivo de este artículo es dilucidar cuáles propiedades, características y elementos son definitorios de las comunidades indígenas de San Luis Potosí y discutir las relaciones entre lengua, pueblo y comunidad, territorio, territorialidad y extraterritorialidad, comunidades de hecho y de derecho. Los resultados llevan a distinguir a la comunidad indígena por: una asamblea comunitaria, el uso de la lengua indígena, usos y costumbres y el disfrute de la fiesta. A lo largo del trabajo se hace referencia a la composición dual del concepto de comunidad: una objetivación física confrontada con la identidad que configura una realidad inasible y subjetiva. El texto convoca al reconocimiento de los elementos constitutivos de la comunidad indígena para facilitar el acceso a sus derechos, en particular al derecho a consulta. Las conclusiones se dirigen a reconocer la importancia de la asamblea como elemento definitorio de la comunidad indígena para la resolución de todo problema interior o exterior a ella.
|
2022-10-14T00:09:35.617Z
|
31,652,800 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1152/AJPRENAL.1986.250.4.F619",
"MAG": "2413841059",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
U-44069 is a stable prostaglandin (PG) H2 analogue and a potent vasoconstrictor. Its in vivo and in vitro actions mimic those of thromboxane A2. We have studied the effects of the calcium antagonist diltiazem upon the vasoconstriction induced by U-44069 using isolated rat aortic smooth muscle and isolated perfused rat kidney (IPRK). The administration of 10(-6)M U-44069 elicited maximally effective contractions in isolated aortic rings and increased 45Ca uptake from a control value of 285 +/- 6 mumol/kg to 344 +/- 8 mumol/kg. Diltiazem reduced U-44069-induced tension development and 45Ca uptake of isolated aortic smooth muscle 73 +/- 2 and 91 +/- 3%, respectively. The dose dependency of each of these effects of diltiazem was similar (EC50 = 369 nM and 334 nM for tension and 45Ca flux, respectively). When administered to the IPRK, 10(-6) M U-44069 caused a 82 +/- 3% decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and a 80 +/- 4% decrease in filtration fraction but reduced renal perfusate flow (RPF) only 13 +/- 8% (P less than 0.005). Diltiazem completely reversed the actions of U-44069 on the IPRK (EC50 = 288 nM and 323 nM for GFR and RPF, respectively). Diltiazem thus inhibited U-44069-induced tension development and 45Ca uptake by vascular smooth muscle and increased GFR within identical dose ranges. The contractile response of isolated rat glomeruli was also assessed. U-44069 reduced the volume of isolated glomeruli, but this action was neither prevented nor reversed by diltiazem. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that diltiazem increased GFR by inhibiting U-44069-induced Ca influx at preglomerular vessels.
|
2022-12-11T03:00:42.213Z
|
171,835,411 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.24302/PROF.V5I1.1507",
"MAG": "2884545932",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Este artigo quer tecer considerações sobre o capitalismo como religião. Através da analise bibliográfica de vários autores, mas em especial de Giorgio Agamben e Walter Benjamin vai analisar como se dá a dinâmica do entendimento do capitalismo enquanto religião. Evidenciada a estreita conexão que existe entre a concepção do homem como animal industrioso e a exploração e concentração de renda como fim último, a maquina como o meio mais eficaz e o estado totalitário como promotor mais potente, não se torna difícil abrir uma inquisição cruel propriamente contra a concepção moderna do homem, o bem-estar, as máquinas e os estados capitalistas.AbstractThis article wants to make considerations about capitalism as a religion. Through the bibliographical analysis of several authors, but especially of Giorgio Agamben and Walter Benjamin will analyze how the dynamics of the understanding of capitalism as a religion occurs. Given the close connection between the conception of man as an industrious animal and the exploitation and concentration of income as the ultimate goal, the machine as the most effective means and the totalitarian state as the most powerful promoter, it is not difficult to open a cruel inquisition properly Against the modern conception of man, the welfare, the machines and the capitalist states.
|
2022-12-10T10:03:41.056Z
|
78,338,198 |
{
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"DOI": "10.3348/JKRS.1988.24.5.762",
"MAG": "2556700669",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Primary mediastinal seminoma is a rare germ cell tumor that usually occurs in young men. Recently we experienced two cases 01 primary mediastinal seminoma with σ scan. CT lindings were a large anterior mediastinal mass which grows mainly to the left and displaces left brachiocephalic vein posteriorly, lobulated tumor margins with small spiculations or pr이ections, loss 01 lat planes between the tumor and surrounding organs and homogeneous density 01 40.50 HU in postcontrast study. These CT lindings may suggest the possibility 01 primary mediastinal seminoma belore histologic conlirmation
|
2022-08-24T14:54:38.993Z
|
129,905,652 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<1470:TROMBC>2.0.CO;2",
"MAG": "2014367444",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract Several simple numerical experiments are conducted, using both single- and double-hemisphere ocean basins under symmetric steady forcing to study de ocean's thermohaline circulation. It is shown that a stable steady state obtained under a restoring surface boundary condition on salinity becomes unstable upon a switch to a flux boundary condition. The polar halocline catastrope of F. Bryan occurs. It is shown that further integration of this collapsed state ultimately yields a steady, stable one-cell circulation with the approach being essentially chaotic but with significant energy at decadal period. The two-hemisphere ocean passes through many stages in which violent overturning occurs O(80 × 101 m3 a−1). These flushes occurs in both hemispheres and are of one-cell structure. The time period between them Bushes varies from seveal hundred to about one thousand years. A single 12-vertical-level hemispheric basin, spun up from an initial state of rest under mixed boundary conditions (restoring boun...
|
2022-12-16T08:17:20.027Z
|
2,072,446 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1155/2012/279206",
"MAG": "1973190806",
"PubMedCentral": "3270532"
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jir/2012/279206.pdf"
}
|
Intestinal antigen encounter leads to recirculation of antigen-specific plasmablasts via lymphatics and blood back to the intestine. Investigating these gut-originating cells in blood provides a less invasive tool for studying intestinal immune responses, with the limitation that the cells disappear from the circulation in two weeks. No data exist on situations where pathogens persist in the intestine. Patients with Salmonella, Yersinia, or Campylobacter gastroenteritis and volunteers receiving an oral typhoid vaccine were assayed for plasmablasts specific to each subject's own pathogen/antigen weekly until the response faded. In vaccinees, plasmablasts disappeared in two weeks. In gastroenteritis, the response faded 2-3 and 3–7 weeks after the last positive Salmonella or Yersinia stool culture. Even in symptomless patients, pathogens persisting in the intestine keep seeding plasmablasts into the circulation. Assaying these cells might offer a powerful tool for research into diseases in which persisting microbes have a potential pathogenetic significance.
|
2022-12-18T00:14:29.991Z
|
51,673,784 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/EE.1960.6432813",
"MAG": "2036542260",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Data from world-wide ionospheric and solar stations permit close observation of the changing state of the ionosphere so that the maximum usable frequency for radio communications between any two points in the world can be accurately predicted 3 months in advance.
|
2022-12-21T05:36:25.042Z
|
138,760,044 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/POLB.21721",
"MAG": "2143614550",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
We have used the Interfacial Force Microscope to perform temperature dependent indentation measurements on a model viscoelastic material, Silly Putty. By transforming time dependent stress relaxations into frequency dependent modulus, we can identify the temperature dependence of the elastic and viscous response of an experimentally challenging material. This technique promises to be useful in determining the mechanical properties of composite materials with microscopic spatial resolution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1285–1290, 2009
|
2022-12-21T10:04:47.878Z
|
217,512,892 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/09654313.2012.757585",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Europeanization involves the diffusion of European institutions. In Valencia, the system of land development prompted many foreign property owners to appeal to European institutions. The Petitions Committee of the European Parliament took up their case and requested intervention by the European Commission. The European public procurement proceedings provided the strongest foothold for action in Europe and the European Commission instituted infringement proceedings on the selection of private urbanizing agents who are placed in charge of the land readjustment and the servicing and financial arrangements for comprehensive development zones. The European Court of Justice dismissed the action as the Commission did not provide sufficient evidence to show that these relationships were not a service concession, as Spain maintained. This case shows that even in cases that flout European law, it is still European law that decides whether they are exempt and, consequently, that the deliberate construction of practices to keep a case outside the scope of European law may qualify as Europeanization.
|
2022-01-23T04:26:19.878Z
|
233,576,575 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.24114/JTP.V14I1.22203",
"MAG": "3143977678",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstrak: Penciptaan dan pengembangan material pembelajaran dalam situasi ketidakpastian saat ini merupakan tantangan yang dihadapi pendidik. Tantangan tersebut terjawab seiring teknologi Augmented dan Virtual Reality (AR dan VR) mulai diterapkan di kelas praktikum. Pengembangan modul praktikum mata kuliah Kualitas Udara dan penilaian keberterimaan modul bagi mahasiswa Prodi D3 Teknik dan Manajemen Lingkungan merupakan tujuan dalam penelitian ini. Modul terdiri dari buku panduan, marker AR, aplikasi KU-AR dan kuisioner formatif yang diisi oleh responden 28 mahasiswa. Analisis formatif menunjukkan mayoritas mahasiswa dapat menerima modul dan menjadi termotivasi untuk mempelajari desain alat pengendali pencemar udara lanjutan. Pengenalan alat pengendali pencemar udara melalui modul AR dapat memberikan pengalaman yang berguna bagi mahasiswa, khususnya vokasi. Kata Kunci: alat pengendali, aplikasi KU-AR, modul praktikum, pengembanganAbstract: The creation and development of learning materials in today's uncertainty is a challenge for educators. Augmented and Virtual Reality (AR and VR) technologies responded to this challenge since they began to be applied in practicum classes. The development of the practicum module for the Air Quality course and the assessment of module acceptance for D3 Engineering and Environmental Management Study Program students are the objectives of this research. The module consists of a guidebook, AR markers, the KU-AR application, and a formative questionnaire filled out by 28 student respondents. The constructive analysis shows that most students can receive the module and become motivated to study advanced air pollutant control design. The introduction of air pollutant controllers through the AR module can provide a useful experience for students, especially vocational students.Keywords: air pollutant controller, development, KU-AR application, practicum module
|
2022-01-28T01:10:10.236Z
|
129,673,357 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1415/35681",
"MAG": "1798957768",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
This paper deals with the progress on the rights of ethnic minorities in Colombia, specifically on indigenous groups, focusing on the achievements reached thanks to the 1991 Constitution. However, aware that rules by themselves do not have the capacity to transform reality, there is an objective description of the actual conditions of the indigenous populations in Colombia, but there is also a focus on the creative and building capacity of indigenous people and their organizations. Indigenous people claim their right to peace, autonomy and respectful relationship with Mother Nature, as the only way for the survival of the human being, now threatened by the priority of economic and political interests, legal as well as illegal.
|
2022-02-09T14:37:04.510Z
|
85,125,199 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/J.1745-4514.1994.TB00494.X",
"MAG": "2052472729",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The purified salt-soluble globulin and its polymerized (i.e., polymerized via interchain disulfide bonds between various subunits of differing molecular weights, excluding any interchain disulfide bonds between the 35,000 and 49,000 Da subunits) counterpart from wheat (Triticum aestivum) seed were studied at a variety of temperatures and holding times (i.e., 25, 15, 10C for holding times between 0 and 600 min). A mechanism responsible for cryoaggregation is proposed. The polymerized form of the globulin was found to be much more cryoaggregatable than the nonpolymerized form. Ultraviolet (UV) and circular dichroism (near- and far-UV) spectral analyses revealed that the polymerized globulin was more susceptible to conformational changes than its nonpolymerized form with decrease in temperature. It is suggested that the higher flexibility of the polymerized globulin would allow for subtle changes in protein conformation, and therefore, permit the surface aromatic amino acids to interact with other hydrophobic groups on neighboring protein molecules in a cooperative manner. The latter situation may result in aggregation and precipitation
|
2022-02-10T23:39:36.118Z
|
54,049,605 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.5772/35559",
"MAG": "1594846635",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBYNCSA",
"status": "HYBRID",
"url": "https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/33445"
}
|
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a state of the art imaging system that uses a sharp probe to scan backwards and forwards over the surface of an object. The probe tip can have atomic dimensions, meaning that AFM can image the surface of an object at near atomic resolution. Two big advantages of AFM compared to other methods (for example scanning tunneling microscopy) are: the samples in AFM measurements do not need to be conducting because the AFM tip responds to interatomic forces, a cumulative effect of all electrons instead of tunneling current, and AFM can operate at much higher distance from the surface (5-15 nm), preventing damage to sensitive surfaces.
|
2022-02-18T00:26:09.776Z
|
248,099,575 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058084",
"MAG": null,
"PubMedCentral": "9003612"
},
"license": "CCBYNC",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/12/4/e058084.full.pdf"
}
|
Objectives To assess Arabic-speaking patients’ preference for involvement in decision-making in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and characterise people who preferred involvement in decision-making. Design Cross-sectional quantitative study. The conduct and reporting of this research complied with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for cross-sectional studies. Setting Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics of 10 major hospitals in four cities in the UAE: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah and Umm al Quwain. Participants Adult patients with at least one chronic disease completed a cross-sectional survey consisting of 37 items in six sections measuring variables that may influence preferred involvement in decision-making. These included health literacy, health status, unanswered questions about care and satisfaction with treatment decisions. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the predictors of patients’ preferred involvement in decision-making. Results A total of 516 participants completed the survey. One-in-four participants preferred shared decision-making. Preferred involvement in decision-making was more frequent among women, not married, unemployed, people who rarely/never had unanswered questions and participants with anxiety/depression symptoms. After adjustment, not being married (OR=1.634; 95% CI 1.049 to 2.544) remained as a predictor of preferred involvement in decision-making, while having unanswered questions (OR=0.612; 95% CI 0.393 to 0.954) and problems in self-care were predictors of a preference for paternalistic decision-making (OR=0.423; 95% CI 0.181 to 0.993). Conclusions Contrary to the results from Western countries, this study showed that a majority of Arabic-speaking patients with chronic diseases preferred a paternalistic decision-making model. At the same time, some subgroups of Arabic-speaking people (eg, women, unemployed patients) had a higher preference for participation in decision-making. Physicians’ support and changes in healthcare systems are required to foster Arabic-speaking patients’ involvement in treatment decision-making process.
|
2022-05-10T00:29:41.379Z
|
209,482,527 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1097/jnr.0000000000000374",
"MAG": "2998479916",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": "CCBY",
"status": "GOLD",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1097/jnr.0000000000000374"
}
|
BACKGROUND
Patients must adhere to their prescribed warfarin regimens and regularly monitor the anticoagulation effect to maintain therapeutic levels. The ability to evaluate regimen adherence accurately is crucial to the success of patient coaching. However, prevention of thromboembolic events is challenging when the association between medication adherence and the actual amount of anticoagulant agent taken cannot be determined.
PURPOSE
This study used self-reported medication taken and prescription refills to (a) verify warfarin medication adherence and (b) assist clinicians to determine the discrepancy between medication adherence and anticoagulant control efficacy.
METHODS
This study was conducted at a national-university-affiliated hospital in Yilan County, Taiwan. Structured questionnaires and medical record reviews were adopted. A 100-point visual analog scale was used to measure the reported adherence of participants, whereas medication refill adherence was compared against self-reported adherence. Finally, degree of adherence was evaluated based on time in therapeutic range.
RESULTS
This study included 192 participants. Half (n = 94, 49%) were women, and the mean age was 69.6 years. Mean scores were 92.2% for the visual analog scale and 87.3% for medication refill adherence. Medication adherence correlated significantly with age, as reflected in the visual analog scale scores (p < .05). The participants who were receiving polypharmacy with five types of medicines or less attained higher visual analog scale scores, whereas participants who were on warfarin for 2-12 months exhibited higher medication refill adherence. Time in therapeutic range correlated negatively with age, although stability improved with therapy duration.
CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Despite their high self-reported adherence levels, patients of advanced age require careful monitoring of their time in therapeutic range. The participants in this study who were on warfarin for a relatively longer time exhibited higher stability in the therapeutic range, despite their low medication refill adherence. The results of this study suggest that patient age, duration of warfarin therapy, and polypharmacy are factors associated with medication adherence. The findings may facilitate future assessments of warfarin adherence in patients as well as the implementation of more effective clinical nursing procedures and management practices.
|
2022-11-05T16:21:50.805Z
|
194,195,293 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.12968/NUWA.2015.23.28",
"MAG": "2188478506",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
What are the benefits of children creating visual works? And how can you encourage them to do so? Penny Tassoni offers advice
|
2022-02-08T08:17:06.021Z
|
46,418,647 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7059/TJOMHS.200410.0069",
"MAG": "2412002154",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
PURPOSE
To evaluate the morphology of dental arches.
METHODS
62 (male: 36, female: 26) paired casts having normal dentitions and occlusion were selected from 396 (age: 18 to 26 years old; male: 257, female: 139) sets of dental study models. The maxillary dentitions were preliminarily classified as square, round-square, round and round V-shaped arches based on the conventional morphological descriptions. Midpoints of the incisor edge (I1(R), I1(L), I2(R), &I2(L)), summits of the cuspids (C(R) & C(L)), buccal cusps of the premolars (P1(R), P1(L), P2(R), & P2(L)), mesial buccal cusps of the first and second molars (M1(R), M1(L), M2(R), & M2(L)), and the midpoint (A) of line I1(R)-I1(L) were designated as reference points. From A, let a vertical line intersected line M2(R)-M2(L) at reference point B. The line A-B intersected CR-CL at reference point E. The following items were evaluated: (1) the protrusion of the cuspids by 1. angle I2(R)-C(R)-P1(R) (angle R) + angle I2(L)-C(L)-P1(L) (angle L); (2) the curvature of the anterior teeth by 2. A-B/C(R)-C(L), 3. 180 degrees-angle C(R)-A-C(L), and 4. A-E/C(R)-C(L); (3) the length to width ratio of the dental arch by 5. A-B/M2(R)-M2(L); (4) the degree of roundness of the maxillary arch by estimation of 6. (rtheta(5)-rtheta(4))(R)+(rtheta(5)-rtheta(4))(L); and (5) an item 7. for the differentiation of type I and type II round-square arches by relating the bilateral contour and position of break line P1-P2-M1-M2 (i) to line P1-M2 (ii). The data of items 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 were further standardized and summarized into three essential principal components: (1) the curvature of the anterior teeth, (2) the curvilinear contour of the dental arch, and (3) the length-to-width ratio of the dental arch.
RESULTS
(1) 60% of the maxillary dentitions were round-square arches which showed no prominent principal component; (2) square maxillary arches distinctly showed a small 1. angle R+angle L; (3) round arches were characteristic by small 6 (rtheta(5)-rtheta(4))(R)+(rtheta(5)-rtheta(4))(L) values; and (4) round V-shaped arches had large 2, 3 and 4 values.
CONCLUSIONS
We concluded that parameters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 were summarized into three principal components (first principal component, second principal component and third principal component). Through three principal component analysis, we can quickly evaluate the morphology of the dental arches clinically. This methods is simple and of validity. And we can also obtain the characteristics of maxillary dental arches.
|
2022-06-04T05:42:22.858Z
|
61,207,915 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/IEMBS.1999.803961",
"MAG": "2149749877",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
To clarify the oxygen transport across the microvessel and oxygen distribution in the skeletal muscle, we have newly designed an intravital laser microscopy with oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence technique. This microscopy was applied to microvascular and tissue pO/sub 2/ measurements in the rat cremaster muscle. From these measurements, we found a significant reduction of pO/sub 2/ levels in arterioles of different orders and large pO/sub 2/ gradients at the interface between blood and tissue, in which suggest that O/sub 2/ consumption of the smooth muscle and/or endothelium in the skeletal muscle arteriole might be high.
|
2022-06-28T11:37:19.157Z
|
118,978,571 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": "nucl-th/0212079",
"DOI": "10.1103/PhysRevC.67.044307",
"MAG": "1945893355",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A schematic model is presented that allows one to study the behavior of interacting pseudo-Fermi matter locked in a thermostatic box. As a function of the box volume and temperature, the matter is seen to show all of the familiar charactersitics of a Van der Waals gas, which include the coexistence of two phases under certain circumstances and the presence of a critical point.
|
2022-09-21T11:08:33.841Z
|
97,402,843 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1021/JF9708599",
"MAG": "2071735841",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Several herbicides commonly used on soybeans are often difficult to extract, isolate, and quantify from the complex soybean matrix at low concentrations. Typical analytical methods for herbicide residues in soybeans are single analyte procedures using HPLC or GC after chemical derivatization. In this study, method development for the analysis of six polar herbicides in soybeans was performed using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), which is also known by the trade name, Accelerated Solvent Extraction, and capillary electrophoresis (CE). In CE, a 50 mM ammonium acetate running buffer, pH 4.75, was able to separate imazaquin (Scepter), chlorimuron-ethyl (Classic), thifensulfuron-methyl (Harmony), acifluorfen (Blazer), bentazon (Basagran), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in a 75 μm i.d., 83 cm capillary (65 cm to detector) within 30 min at 17 kV applied voltage. Chlorsulfuron (Glean) was used as an internal standard in the analysis, and detection was by UV absorbance at 240 nm in a high-sensitivity optical cell. PLE extracts required extensive cleanup prior to CE/UV analysis. Several cleanup techniques were investigated and compared, including liquid-liquid partitioning, gel-permeation chromatography, semipreparative HPLC, and solid-phase extraction with a variety of stationary and mobile phase combinations. A combination of techniques that provided the most efficient cleanup was selected in the final method. Four of the six herbicides could be determined by the method in samples fortified at tolerance levels with average recoveries of 71% and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 11%. At a higher spiking level, all of the herbicide recoveries were >70% with %RSDs < 10%, except for acifluorfen which gave more variable recoveries.
|
2022-12-12T02:30:37.630Z
|
224,979,470 |
{
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/1361-6439/aba5de",
"MAG": "3047559018",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In the present study, we fabricate a hydrophobic film using a roll-to-roll technique capable of large-area continuous production and examine the film’s applicability to solar panels. The hydrophobic film was fabricated using a polyurethane-acrylate (PUA)-based UV-curable material, which has high optical transmittance and high releasability. The roll-to-roll system used in this study was custom manufactured to transfer micro-patterns of 20 μm in size onto the PUA-based film. In addition, a UV irradiation device was attached to the system to enable production of the hydrophobic film at a rate of 150 mm min-1. Through experiments, we confirmed that attaching the fabricated hydrophobic film not only enabled surface self-cleaning on the solar panels, but also ensured stable solar power generation. Thus, the hydrophobic film can be applied to installations that require external periodic cleaning and management, such as the exterior walls of buildings and solar panels.
|
2022-12-11T23:16:04.834Z
|
25,439,336 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1113/jphysiol.1994.sp020194",
"MAG": "2088270262",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1155632"
}
|
1. The relationship between ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia (10% O2‐90% N2) and noradrenaline metabolism was examined in two regions located immediately caudal and rostral to the obex within the rat solitary complex. 2. Three experimental protocols were established. In protocol 1, the percentage changes in respiratory tidal volume, frequency and minute ventilation elicited by 4, 7, 10 and 14 days of hypoxia were assessed by flow plethysmography in awake rats, and then the content of tyrosine hydroxylase was measured in the solitary complex. In protocol 2, the time course response of tyrosine hydroxylase protein level was determined after 3, 7, 14 and 22 days of hypoxia by using a quantitative immunoblotting method for the protein assay. In protocol 3, the turnover of noradrenaline was estimated in the solitary complex after 14 days of hypoxia. 3. A progressive increase in ventilation was observed to reach a maximum (+105 +/‐ 15%, mean +/‐ S.E.M.) above normoxic control after 10 days of hypoxia, at which time it stabilized. Furthermore, tyrosine hydroxylase protein increased progressively and reached a maximal level at 14 days of hypoxia (+36 +/‐ 4%, mean +/‐ S.E.M.). Return to the basal level of tyrosine hydroxylase was observed after 22 days of hypoxia. 4. Tyrosine hydroxylase content (+36 +/‐ 4%) and noradrenaline turnover (+394 +/‐ 3%) increased exclusively in the caudal part of the solitary complex. 5. The ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia preceded the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase and these two parameters were significantly correlated. 6. These data suggest that ventilatory acclimatization to chronic hypoxia is associated with topical modifications of the brainstem catecholamine metabolism.
|
2022-12-18T05:05:11.391Z
|
143,468,526 |
{
"externalids": {
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"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1055/s-0028-1094451",
"MAG": "1992003461",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A rise in urine volume and in the urinary excretion of lithium and sodium but not of potassium was observed in rats exposed to a cold environmental temperature (4 degrees C) for 3 hours. The level of plasma renin activity after the clerance test was correlated to the urine volume, but not to the electrolyte composition in the urine. The observed changes in the renal elimination of electrolytes and water corresponded to the effect that a cold environmental temperature has on kidney function in man. The results suggest that renal lithium clearance might be elevated in humans during exposure to cold.
|
2022-01-27T13:30:30.590Z
|
116,220,712 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000075",
"MAG": "2753072993",
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},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
In the fall of 2015, the Coast Guard's Atlantic Strike Team (AST) was requested by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 5 to provide response operations at two abandoned chemical plating fa...
|
2022-02-10T00:12:31.857Z
|
83,961,690 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1094/PHP-2007-0508-01-RS",
"MAG": "1988782574",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
The occurrence, distribution, and disease incidence of yellow vein mosaic (YVM) disease of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) in northern India are reported. The disease was found in both commercial and experimental farms in the Bahraich district, Uttar Pradesh, India and caused significant reduction in plant height and crop yield. Southern hybridization with begomovirus-specific probe and PCR amplification with DNA β and coat protein primers confirmed the association of begomovirus with the disease.
|
2022-07-31T09:48:32.450Z
|
8,940,972 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1517/14712598.2012.748740",
"MAG": "2001716372",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways mainly related to allergen exposure, in which various cytokine-specific pathways interact among themselves to promote IgE hyperproduction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil local recruitment and airways remodeling. IL-13 is known for its prominent pathogenic role in this disease and therapeutic blocking approaches are underway. Areas covered: Anti-IL-13 antibodies are currently investigated in clinical studies in uncontrolled asthma. Tralokinumab is a human IgG4 anti IL-13 antibody which was recently evaluated in a Phase II study demonstrating the maximal efficacy in a subset of asthma patients characterized by the highest sputum IL-13 levels. The results of this study are discussed in this paper. Expert opinion: The IL-13 blockade with various therapeutic approaches such as tralokinumab has the potential to improve the asthma control in patients subsets in whom the blocked cytokine is demonstrated to be overexpressed.
|
2022-08-27T11:41:17.360Z
|
121,409,799 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1063/1.2780057",
"MAG": "2012090970",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
A high throughput fabrication method of molecular junctions with a typical area of 0.005–0.01μm2 is presented. The small size is determined by one optical lithography step. The structure of junctions is metal-SAM-metal, where SAM is a self-assembled molecular layer with <105 molecules. The effect of attributes such as temperature, type of metal films, and molecular structure of the SAM on the I-V characteristics of the junctions is found to be in agreement with previous results and theoretical predictions. The prospect advantages of the junctions for future research are also mentioned.
|
2022-09-07T22:30:30.321Z
|
94,796,649 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000004",
"MAG": "1995405120",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Anthropogenic releases of carbon dioxide are being studied with respect to the global carbon dioxide cycle. Concrete, the most used building material in the world, contributes to these releases significantly in the manufacturing of cement, both from energy use and from the calcination chemical process. The reverse process, carbonation, in which the hydrated cement reacts with carbon dioxide to form calcite, is being studied under many different circumstances for its potential to balance this release by sequestering carbon dioxide. This research focuses on other carbon dioxide sequestration species within concrete. It is hypothesized, and has been shown in some cases, that many other dissolved carbon dioxide complexes exist within the cement paste matrix, as they do in many aqueous-based systems and also that carbonate species other than calcite may exist. It is shown that carbon dioxide species, other than calcite, do exist in cement paste samples in amounts that are significant with respect to the stoichiometric potential for reversing the calcination process.
|
2022-12-17T20:55:44.465Z
|
26,796,434 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1111/j.1600-0625.2004.00258.x",
"MAG": "2073796180",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Abstract: Extraneuronal acetylcholine (ACh) has been demonstrated to influence a plethora of cutaneous cell functions in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine fashion. Through the differentiation‐specific expression of its different nicotinic (nACh‐R) and muscarinic (mACh‐R) receptors, ACh acts upon keratinocyte proliferation and migration, terminal differentiation and barrier formation, sweat and sebum secretion as well as microcirculation and angiogenesis. Only very recently it has been recognized that acetylcholinesterase, but not cholineacetyltransferase, activity is regulated by hydrogen peroxide. Considering that the outer layer of the human skin can be a target for UV‐generated H2O2 in the millimolar range, this mechanism needs to be taken into account for the regulation of ACh homeostasis in skin biology. Consequently, ACh can accumulate, as shown, for example, in the depigmentation process in vitiligo. There is a highly regulated distribution of ACh‐R in human epidermis and adnexal structures, supporting previously observed effects of cholinergic compounds on keratinocyte biology. Most significantly, the regulated expression of ACh‐R in sebaceous glands advocates a role for ACh in sebum production and as a promoter of sebocyte differentiation, thus offering an explanation for skin diseases associated with altered sebum production after chronic nicotine exposure. So far, ACh‐induced sweat production has been thought to be under the exclusive control of mACh‐R. However, recently, the presence of both different nACh‐R and mACh‐R in myoepithelial and acinar cells of eccrine sweat glands has been documented, indicating a more complex regulation of sweat production and expulsion.
|
2022-12-20T04:41:13.356Z
|
5,097,996 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/pon.3417",
"MAG": "1507162502",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Demoralization is a syndrome of existential distress that occurs in a substantial minority of cancer patients and is associated with a higher number of physical problems. Loss of dignity refers to a range of specific existential concerns. This study examines whether the association between number of physical problems and demoralization is mediated by loss of dignity.
|
2022-12-30T06:38:27.629Z
|
53,401,200 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2172/814183",
"MAG": "2809281937",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc739558/m2/1/high_res_d/814183.pdf"
}
|
Standard problems were created to test the ability of American and Russian computational methods and data regarding the analysis of the storage and handling of Russian pressurized water reactor (VVER) mixed oxide fuel. Criticality safety and radiation shielding problems were analyzed. Analysis of American and Russian multiplication factors for fresh fuel storage for low-enriched uranium (UOX), weapons- (MOX-W) and reactor-grade (MOX-R) MOX differ by less than 2% for all variations of water density. For shielding calculations for fresh fuel, the ORNL results for the neutron source differ from the Russian results by less than 1% for UOX and MOX-R and by approximately 3% for MOX-W. For shielding calculations for fresh fuel assemblies, neutron dose rates at the surface of the assemblies differ from the Russian results by 5% to 9%; the level of agreement for gamma dose varies depending on the type of fuel, with UOX differing by the largest amount. The use of different gamma group structures and instantaneous versus asymptotic decay assumptions also complicate the comparison. For the calculation of dose rates from spent fuel in a shipping cask, the neutron source for UOX after 3-year cooling is within 1% and for MOX-W within 5% of one of the Russian results while the MOX-R difference is the largest at over 10%. These studies are a portion of the documentation required by the Russian nuclear regulatory authority, GAN, in order to certify Russian programs and data as being acceptably accurate for the analysis of mixed oxide fuels.
|
2022-09-02T06:44:12.751Z
|
34,015,693 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1002/pbc.20948",
"MAG": "1950388804",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
E ven before Knudson’s two hit hypothesis was proven at a molecular level for retinoblastoma, there was emerging evidence that the genetics of Wilms tumor involved several genes, both at constitutional and somatic levels. Such evidence came from pedigree analysis of rare familial clusterings of Wilms tumor, different chromosomal loci being associated with a variety of Wilms tumor predisposition syndromes and last, but not least, from loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses on tumor tissues themselves [1]. The discovery of the WT1 gene in 1990 laid the foundations for understanding the molecular basis of certain of the Wilms tumor predisposition syndromes. Distinct mutation types in the WT1 gene, located at chromosome 11, band p13, underlie the Wilms tumor, aniridia, genito-urinary malformation (WAGR), and Denys–Drash (DDS) syndromes. However, somaticWT1mutations are found to occur in only 5– 20% of sporadic Wilms tumors, and in some cases, only one allele appears to be mutated. This suggests more complex interactions than a simple ‘‘loss of tumor suppressor gene function’’ model. Subsequent mapping of the childhood overgrowth, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), to the more telomeric part of chromosome 11p, at 11p15.5, identified a second WT locus which spans several genes subject to the phenomenon of genomic imprinting, including the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene (IGF2). The existence of this locus partially explains the LOH results seen in sporadic Wilms tumor, where LOH for 11p is found in 40% of Wilms tumors but may be confined to either 11p13 or 11p15. Tumors lacking LOH may show loss of imprinting (LOI) of IGF2 in a further 25–40%. However, this still leaves a substantial number of Wilms tumors unaccounted for at a genetic level. Bruce Beckwith pioneered the recognition of nephrogenic rests as presumed precursor lesions for Wilms tumor in his seminal study on pediatric post-mortems, and his subsequent detailed study of thousands of Wilms tumors in the archives of the National Wilms Tumor Study Group (NWTSG) [2]. In close association with Norman Breslow, chief biostatistician to the NWTSG, and other pathology colleagues at the NWTSG, they showed that nephrogenic rests could be divided into two major subtypes according to the stage of nephrogenesis that they represented: intralobar nephrogenic rests (ILNR) may mimic structures seen during the entire spectrum of nephrogenesis and can be found throughout the kidney, whereas perilobar nephrogenic rests (PLNR) have a much more restricted phenotype (mainly epithelial) and are restricted to the later zones of nephrogenesis at the periphery of the kidney. On detailed analysis of thousands of nephrectomy specimens, they could identify one or the other type of nephrogenic rest in the adjacent kidney in 40% of unilateral tumors and in virtually all cases associated with predisposition syndromes or bilateral Wilms tumors. They then combined histological datawith epidemiological data to show that tumors associated with ILNRs frequently showed stromal predominance or heterologous differentiation, had a younger age at onset, and were associated with congenital malformation of the genito-urinary tract and the WT1associated WAGR/DDS syndromes. Conversely, Wilms tumors associated with PLNRs had a more restrictive blastemal/epithelial appearance, amore typical oldermedian age of onset andweremore commonly found in childrenwith Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome or hemihypertrophy [2]. In this issue, Breslow, Beckwith and colleagues have taken this analysis a stage further by integrating age at diagnosis, birth weight, and tumor focality into the analysis ofWilms tumors associated with nephrogenic rests [3]. Their analysis is remarkably consistent in that nearly 7,500 Wilms tumors were analyzed by just two pediatric pathologists and could be classified for the presence or absence of ILNRs and PLNRs, in nearly 6,000 (80%) patients. One or the other or both types of nephrogenic rests were found in 42% of tumors that could be thoroughly evaluated for their occurrence. To date, the prevalence of nephrogenic rests has not been systematically evaluated in other, large populations ofWilms tumor patients, although PLNRs appear less frequent in Japanese and Asian-American patients [4]. Such an evaluation requires submission of large numbers of blocks, not only of tumor but also adjacent normal kidney, for pathology review. Our experience in the UK and with the SIOP Wilms
|
2022-09-11T03:40:08.292Z
|
146,798,932 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/08913811.2011.635870",
"MAG": "2158747129",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
ABSTRACT In its attempt to prove that voters, politicians, and bureaucrats are motivated by the public interest, Self-Interest and Public Interest in Western Politics overlooks a great deal of public-choice research, to which much has been added during the two decades since it was published. The importance of self-interest at both the micro and macro levels of politics becomes clear once one looks not simply at the “inputs” of a democracy but at its “outputs” as well. The prevalence of interest groups, the dysfunction of the United States tax code, the lobbying by unions for their members’ self-interest, the earmarks in the Patriot Act, the numerous cases of corruption in Western democracies, and the dissatisfaction of citizens with their governments’ failings all point to the importance of self-interest in politics.
|
2022-09-12T08:15:12.139Z
|
121,807,205 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1143/JJAP.38.L424",
"MAG": "2053194596",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Gallium nitride could be formed by direct nitridation of GaAs using the helicon-wave excited N2–Ar plasma at or near the grown insulative layer/GaAs interface. However, a fair amount of the oxides and the suboxide of Ga and As also existed in this insulative layer. In the present study, the Al/GaAs(100)structure, instead of a GaAs one, was exposed to the helicon-wave excited N2–Ar plasma. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements were performed to investigate the chemical composition and depth profile of the grown layer. The top Al film was completely nitrided and oxidized (due to residual oxygen), so that Al2O3 and AlN were formed. Under the Al2O3–AlN mixed film, a GaN layer was uniformly formed on GaAs. Oxides of Ga and As, such as Ga2O3, GaO, As2O3 and AsO were scarcely observed in the film. Thus, an "oxide-less" GaN layer was obtained. However, a small amount of elemental arsenic was detected in the GaN layer. Nitrogen atoms or ions are considered to diffuse into the Al film and react with GaAs to produce GaN. The presence of the grain boundaries in "Al" enhances the N2 diffusion. The oxides of Ga and As were probably eliminated by the reducing effect of Al.
|
2022-09-14T23:50:53.194Z
|
17,414,972 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/ICETECT.2011.5760293",
"MAG": "2137393938",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
MANETs are unplanned, self-organizing networks composed of mobile nodes that utilize mesh networking principles for inter-connectivity. They do not have a fixed infra-structure which makes them easy to build over an area. Mobile Ad hoc networks (MANETs) have several advantages compared to traditional wireless networks. These include ease of deployment, speed of deployment and decreased dependency on a fixed infrastructure. There have been many studies done in this area to improve the quality and efficiency of the routing protocols in MANETs. However unique characteristics of MANETs topology such as open peer-to-peer architecture, dynamic network topology, shared wireless medium and limited resource (battery, memory and computation power) pose a number of non-trivial challenges to security design. The fixed infrastructure less environment makes the transactions less secure. Traditional routing algorithms in MANETs do not work with cryptographic techniques. Cryptography procedures were introduced in them to make secure transactions. This paper proposes a secure, trusted, optimal scheme for routing in MANETs.
|
2022-12-08T21:55:06.105Z
|
25,067,861 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1088/0967-3334/35/3/351",
"MAG": "2010249748",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4124751?pdf=render"
}
|
Blood flow and blood–endothelium interactions correspond with the genesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, quantitative analysis of blood flow dynamics at the microcirculation level is of special interest. Regulatory mechanisms mediated by blow flow have been studied in detail using in vitro approaches. However, these mechanisms have not been fully validated in vivo due to technical limitations that arise when quantifying microhemodynamics with the required level of detail. Intravital microscopy combined with high-speed video recordings has been used for the analysis of blood flow in small blood vessels of chronic and acute experimental tissue preparations. This tool can be used to study the interaction between the flowing blood and the vessel walls of arterioles and venules with sufficient temporal and spatial resolution. Our objective was to develop a simple and robust cross-correlation algorithm for the automatic analysis of high-speed video recordings of microcirculatory blood flow. The algorithm was validated using in vitro and in vivo systems. Results indicate that the algorithm's ability to estimate the velocity of local red blood cells as a function of blood vessel radius is highly accurate. They thereby suggest that the algorithm could be used to explore dynamic changes in blood flow under different experimental conditions including a wide range of flow rates and hematocrit levels. The algorithm can also be used to measure volumetric flow rates, radial velocity profiles, wall shear rate, and wall shear stress. Several applications are presently explored, including the analysis of velocity profiles in the branches of arterial bifurcations. This work demonstrates the robustness of the cross-correlation technique in various flow conditions and elucidates its potential application for in vivo determination of blood flow dynamics in the microcirculation.
|
2022-12-10T00:32:23.354Z
|
38,475,476 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1634/stemcells.2004-0094",
"MAG": "2013393348",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "BRONZE",
"url": "https://academic.oup.com/stmcls/article-pdf/22/7/1246/40640356/stmcls_22_7_1246.pdf"
}
|
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may potentially serve as a renewable source of cells for transplantation. In Parkinson's disease, hESC‐derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons may replace the degenerated neurons in the brain. Here, we generated highly enriched cultures of neural progenitors from hESCs and grafted the progenitors into the striatum of Parkinsonian rats. The grafts survived for at least 12 weeks, the transplanted cells stopped proliferating, and teratomas were not observed. The grafted cells differentiated in vivo into DA neurons, though at a low prevalence similar to that observed following spontaneous differentiation in vitro. Transplanted rats exhibited a significant partial correction of D‐amphetamine and apomorphine‐induced rotational behavior, along with a significant improvement in stepping and placing non‐pharmacological behavioral tests. While transplantation of uncommitted hESC‐derived neural progenitors induced partial behavioral recovery, our data indicate that the host‐lesioned striatum could not direct the transplanted neural progenitors to acquire a dopaminergic fate. Hence, induction of their differentiation toward a midbrain fate prior to transplantation is probably required for complete correction of behavioral deficit. Our observations encourage further developments for the potential use of hESCs in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
|
2022-12-31T18:16:01.843Z
|
56,110,257 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1109/FUSION.1995.534358",
"MAG": "2148594094",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Vanadium alloys provide an attractive solution for fusion power plants as they exhibit a potential for low environmental impact due to low level of activation from neutron fluence and a relatively short half-life. They also have attractive material properties for use in a reactor. General Atomics along with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), has developed a plan to utilize vanadium alloys as part of the Radiative Divertor Project (RDP) modification for the DIII-D tokamak. The goal for using vanadium alloys is to provide a meaningful step towards developing advanced materials for fusion power applications by demonstrating the in-service behavior of a vanadium alloy (V-4Cr-4Ti) in a tokamak in conjunction with developing essential fabrication technology for the manufacture of full-scale vanadium alloy components. A phased approach towards utilizing vanadium in DIII-D is being used starting with small coupons and samples, advancing to a small component, and finally a portion of the new double-null, slotted divertor will be fabricated from vanadium alloy product forms. A major portion of the program is research and development to support fabrication and resolve key issues related to environmental effects.
|
2022-02-11T19:36:16.960Z
|
124,697,670 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2172/376965",
"MAG": "2493672322",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": "GREEN",
"url": "https://www.osti.gov/biblio/376965"
}
|
The understanding of laser-plasma interactions in ignition-scale inertial confinement fusion (ICF) hohlraum targets is important for the success of the proposed National Ignition Facility (NIF). The success of an indirect-drive ICF ignition experiment depends on the ability to predict and control the history and spatial distribution of the x-radiation produced by the laser beams that are absorbed by the inside of the hohlraum wall. Only by controlling the symmetry of this x-ray drive is it possible to obtain the implosion symmetry in the fusion pellet necessary for ignition. The larger hohlraums and longer time scales required for ignition-scale targets result in the presence of several millimeters of plasma (electron density n{sub e} {approximately} 0.1 n{sub c} {approximately} 10{sup 21} cm{sup {minus}3}), through which the 3{omega} (351-nm) laser beams must propagate before they are absorbed at the hohlraum wall. Hydrodynamic simulations show this plasma to be very uniform [density-gradient scalelength L{sub n} = n{sub e}(dn{sub e}/dx){sup {minus}1}{approximately} 2mm] and to exhibit low velocity gradients [velocity-gradient scale-length L{sub v} = c{sub s}(dv/dx){sup {minus}1} > 6 mm].
|
2022-06-18T10:01:07.208Z
|
154,445,231 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.2307/1243098",
"MAG": "2076845484",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
Although Chhikara pointed out some of the severe limitations of the linear probability model, he was very kind to discriminant analysis models. The linear discriminant model is appropriate only if the explanatory variables are normally distributed. A high proportion of the financial ratios and other variables used in credit evaluation are not normally distributed. For example, most solvency ratios, such as percent equity, have a high proportion of the observations near one end of the range, a long tail in one direction, and a very short tail or no tail in the other direction. Given the non-normality of the distributions of many of the explanatory variables, discriminant analysis is clearly not an appropriate choice for most analyses. Continued use of discriminant analysis was justifiable when there were no good alternatives. But the development of a wide variety of logit and probit models, and the increase in computing power that makes maximum likelihood estimation of these models technically and financially feasible, have provided good alternatives. Future use of discriminant analysis in credit evaluation should be limited to situations where the authors clearly demonstrate that the explanatory variables have normal or near normal distributions. Further, tests of the performance of newly developed models should not use discriminant analysis results as the basis of comparison. Another important characteristic of the current state of the art is the pathetic level of understanding of misclassification costs. All of the models reviewed are explicitly or implicitly based on a minimization of misclassification costs. Clearly, the misclassification costs are not the same for all types of decisions. The costs of making a loan to a borrower who ultimately defaults are much different in both character and magnitude than the costs of not making a loan to a farmer who would be a good borrower. However, most of the models conducted to date, particularly those dealing with agricultural loans, have either ignored or assumed away the differences in misclassification costs. While this is
|
2022-09-13T04:53:07.450Z
|
62,613,328 |
{
"externalids": {
"ACL": null,
"ArXiv": null,
"DOI": "10.1080/09544829308914792",
"MAG": "2075047436",
"PubMedCentral": null
},
"license": null,
"status": null,
"url": null
}
|
SUMMARY The study of creativity in industry is new as a scientific discipline. A landmark paper was presented by J. P. Guilford in 1950, where he suggested that psychologists should engage themselves in this field. A recent development is the application of the computer, A pioneering work is a master's thesis in 1984 by S. Hollander. Since then, several general-purpose programs have appeared. A program which simulates the creative thinking process was introduced in 1988. It covers the whole problem-solving process from problem analysis to selection and implementation of the solution. In the future, most programs will be dedicated, i.e. designed to solve special problems. Increasingly, they will be supplemented with graphics, colours, sounds and even scents, as thinking stimulators. As electronic mail becomes more widely used, distributed creative sessions in time and space may be organized. People in different geographic locations may participate and make a creative contribution to the problem-solving pro...
|
2022-09-14T03:23:51.198Z
|