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the present in vitro studies suggest that antibodies may regulate immune responses and do so by enhancing antigen presentation and thus augmenting antigen-induced activation and clonal expansion of t cells .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune responses",
"pos": [
66,
82
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "antigen presentation",
"pos": [
106,
126
]
}
|
it is shown that the in vivo nonpermissive infection of hep-2 cells by either of these two mutants is characterized by the reduced synthesis of full-length mrnas at levels characteristic of primary transcription and the total lack of synthesis of genome-length rna .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
198,
211
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "synthesis",
"pos": [
234,
243
]
}
|
transplanted xiphoid cartilage was used to analyze growth and the development of th dependence of a differentiated tissue which is relatively uniform in animals of different ages .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
66,
77
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated",
"pos": [
100,
114
]
}
|
at lower concentrations e2 and , to a lesser extent , tamoxifen stimulated cell proliferation , with maximal effect at 10 ( -9 ) m , and with corresponding increases in the % s phase cells ;
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
75,
93
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0080129",
"name": "s phase",
"pos": [
175,
182
]
}
|
when shifted from the permissive temperature of 33 degrees c to the non-permissive temperature of 39 degrees c , g1 cells of these two mutants show no further cell cycle progression , while cells in s , g2 and mitosis progress through the cell cycle but become blocked after entering g1 .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C1155839",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
210,
217
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1517342",
"name": "blocked",
"pos": [
261,
268
]
}
|
antipaternal immunity as measured by visual complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity ( cdce ) , by 51cr release ( cdc51cr ) , and by complement-independent , antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic ( adcc ) assays was different between the two groups .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
13,
21
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "lymphocytotoxicity",
"pos": [
65,
83
]
}
|
cellular titers of a number of rna sequences have also been studied and show that increases in the cellular titers of several poly ( a ) +rna species are the result of de novo transcription and not simply polyadenylation .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
176,
189
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0949765",
"name": "polyadenylation",
"pos": [
205,
220
]
}
|
development ( hatching of blastocysts ) and cell proliferation ( cell number per embryo at the stage of the hatched blastocyst ) was most impaired and the frequency of micronuclei ( determined in four- or eight-cell embryos ) was highest in the case of a short interval between irradiation in g2 and the first mitosis post-irradiation .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
44,
48
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
310,
317
]
}
|
the results , therefore , provide no evidence for co2-sensitive airway receptors that can increase breathing when stimulated during the latter part of the inspiratory cycle .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
99,
108
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiratory",
"pos": [
155,
166
]
}
|
this type of mechanism would be operative solely at the post-transcriptional level and would be compatible with the rapid , rna synthesis-independent destabilization of histone mrnas which occurs following inhibition of dna replication , as well as with the requirement for protein synthesis for histone mrna destabilization to be initiated .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
61,
76
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
124,
137
]
}
|
by 18 h after infection , hela cell dna synthesis and all parameters of histone gene expression , including transcription and the nuclear and cytoplasmic concentrations of core and h1 mrna species , were reduced to less than 5 to 10 % of the control values .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
80,
95
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
108,
121
]
}
|
such rapid cell proliferation can affect quantitative studies of chromosome aberrations , which should be observed in their first mitosis in culture , before cell death can cause a diminution in aberration yields .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
11,
29
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
130,
137
]
}
|
the expression of this protective immunity is proposed to depend on ( a ) antigen presentation and/or accessory function of macrophages and ( b ) the subsequent activation of t cell functions related to protection .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
34,
42
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "antigen",
"pos": [
74,
81
]
}
|
to address the possibility that the expression of the myc gene might be regulated at a post-transcriptional level , we have investigated the half-life of myc mrna in various cells .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
36,
46
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
92,
107
]
}
|
immuno-reactivity to glial fibrillary acidic protein ( gfap ) is mainly regarded as a sign of astroglial histogenesis and/or differentiation .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
105,
117
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
125,
140
]
}
|
using the entire experimental population , there were no significant differences between gnrh-treated and control cows for the rate of uterine involution , the occurrence of reproductive problems , the interval from parturition to first observed estrus , the interval from parturition to first insemination , the interval from parturition to conception , the number of services per conception , the total number of services per cow regardless of conception and the incidence of culling for infertility .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
174,
186
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
446,
456
]
}
|
male and female sprague-dawley rats maintained on diets supplying 0 , 3 , 10 , or 30 mg/kg/day over three generations exhibited no consistent treatment-related effects on reproductive performance , pregnancy , parturition , or neonatal survival .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
171,
183
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
198,
207
]
}
|
thus if the peaks of chemoreceptor afferent discharge coincide with inspiration , they have a greater effect on respiration than if they coincide with expiration .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
112,
123
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiration",
"pos": [
151,
161
]
}
|
morphological identification of cell multiplication ( mitosis ) and cell deletion ( apoptosis ) within the lobules of the `` '' resting '' '' human breast is used to assess the response of the breast parenchyma to the menstrual cycle .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell multiplication",
"pos": [
32,
51
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
54,
61
]
}
|
the organization of the e1 region of ad7 and of other adenovirus serotypes ( bos et al . 1981 ) leads to the proposal of a novel mechanism for gene regulation at the translational level in which protein synthesis can initiate at either the first or the second aug triplet available in mrna .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C1519614",
"name": "translational",
"pos": [
166,
179
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0597295",
"name": "protein synthesis",
"pos": [
195,
212
]
}
|
young-old spleen cell mixture study indicates that there are regulatory cells in old spleen cells which can inhibit b cell differentiation but not b cell proliferation .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C1511002",
"name": "b cell differentiation",
"pos": [
116,
138
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1155008",
"name": "b cell proliferation",
"pos": [
147,
167
]
}
|
the transcription-specific conformation was not merely a consequence of rna synthesis per se since the selective sensitivity of the gene was unaffected by treatment of oviduct nuclei with alpha-amanitin , actinomycin d , or rnase .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
4,
17
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
72,
85
]
}
|
of particular interest were mutants ( cdc5 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , and 23 ) that arrest cell division after dna replication but before nuclear division since previous experiments had not been able to resolve the pathway of events in this part of the cell cycle .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
91,
95
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1155789",
"name": "nuclear division",
"pos": [
138,
154
]
}
|
a general decline in gene expression , translation and transcription , has been observed to occur with increasing age in a wide variety of organisms and tissues .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
21,
36
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
55,
68
]
}
|
reproductive state modulates ethanol intake in rats : effects of ovariectomy , ethanol concentration , estrous cycle and pregnancy .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0025329",
"name": "estrous cycle",
"pos": [
103,
116
]
}
|
reproductive state modulates ethanol intake in rats : effects of ovariectomy , ethanol concentration , estrous cycle and pregnancy .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
0,
12
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
121,
130
]
}
|
blood flow through the reproductive organs in the hen during the maturation period and egg-laying cycle .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
23,
35
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "maturation",
"pos": [
65,
75
]
}
|
this paper presents evidence that specific behaviours and thought patterns are associated with the elicitation of an innate physiological capacity termed the relaxation response .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviours",
"pos": [
43,
53
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
58,
65
]
}
|
in reproductive studies there were no effects on conception or pregnancy in male or female rats at dosages up to 1.0 mg/kg/day or male or female rabbits at dosages up to 1.5 mg/kg/day .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
3,
15
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
49,
59
]
}
|
in reproductive studies there were no effects on conception or pregnancy in male or female rats at dosages up to 1.0 mg/kg/day or male or female rabbits at dosages up to 1.5 mg/kg/day .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
3,
15
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
63,
72
]
}
|
therefore the learning deficits can not be explained solely by changes in motivation or impairments in rehearsal .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
14,
22
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
74,
84
]
}
|
evidence for protective immunity in experimental animals and man is reviewed , together with the possible mechanism by which the adult worm escapes the immune response of the host .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
24,
32
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune",
"pos": [
152,
158
]
}
|
transcription of the synthetic gene was promoter-dependent and strand-specific , the initiation of transcription occurring at the same point as previously found in vivo .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "initiation",
"pos": [
85,
95
]
}
|
the kinetics of the transcription reactions have been examined and conditions optimal for specific transcription have been established by examining the effects of salt , metal ion , and template concentrations on both total and specific rna synthesis .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
20,
33
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
237,
250
]
}
|
these studies suggest that beta2-m may play some critical role in the immune response at the level of t cell activation .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
70,
85
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1155065",
"name": "t cell",
"pos": [
102,
108
]
}
|
results from a number of studies already completed indicate that cell cultures from old human donors , unlike cultures from young donors , have impaired cell proliferation and reduced induction of sister chromatid exchanges .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0596290",
"name": "cell proliferation",
"pos": [
153,
171
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0037211",
"name": "sister chromatid exchanges",
"pos": [
197,
223
]
}
|
cell movement through the mitotic cycle and sister chromatid exchanges ( sce ) were studied in human blood lymphocytes cultured in the presence of 5-bromodeoxycytidine ( brdc , 0.05 mm ) plus thymidine ( dt 0.4 , 0.8 , and 1.0 mm ) .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C1155839",
"name": "cell",
"pos": [
0,
4
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0037211",
"name": "sister chromatid exchanges",
"pos": [
44,
70
]
}
|
harm to reproduction , growth , development , defense systems , tissues , and organs appeared in susceptible organisms as a result of such changes or as a chain reaction to heterostases .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproduction",
"pos": [
8,
20
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
32,
43
]
}
|
in resting respiration the duration and velocity of inspiration ( air flow or lung volume change ) are in a range similar to that of expiration .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
11,
22
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inspiration",
"pos": [
52,
63
]
}
|
in resting respiration the duration and velocity of inspiration ( air flow or lung volume change ) are in a range similar to that of expiration .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
11,
22
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiration",
"pos": [
133,
143
]
}
|
the optimum conditions for the coupling of fowl plague virus ( fpv ) transcription to an in vitro reticulocyte translation system have been established and shown to be close to those required for maximum rna synthesis by purified fpv virions .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
69,
82
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
204,
217
]
}
|
malaria results in two seemingly paradoxical perturbations of the immune response : polyclonal b-cell activation and immunosuppression .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune",
"pos": [
66,
72
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1155003",
"name": "b-cell activation",
"pos": [
95,
112
]
}
|
the control of cell division in the yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe appears to be quite different to that of any other eukaryotic organisms for it is usually exerted not at the initiation of s-phase but at that of mitosis .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "the",
"pos": [
0,
3
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026255",
"name": "mitosis",
"pos": [
214,
221
]
}
|
the general similarities between these phenomena and wave propagation during cellular slime mold aggregation are pointed out and it is suggested that the control of development by propagated waves in regulative embryos is not only widespread but also depends on a common cellular mechanism .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "propagation",
"pos": [
58,
69
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "development",
"pos": [
165,
176
]
}
|
forrest ( 1965 , 1969 , 1973 , 1976 ) has attacked the contention of many cognitive psychologists that schizophrenic behavior is best signified by deviations in language and aberrancies of thought .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
117,
125
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
189,
196
]
}
|
transcription peculiarities of cultured cells of different age are described using such parameters as activities of rna polymerases and of rna synthesis estimated biochemically in isolated nuclei , and with the help of light autoradiography in living cells .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
0,
13
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
139,
142
]
}
|
acinar structures found in part of clones from lungs and in the majority of transplants from eye anterior chamber suggest a histogenetic relationship between the typical seminoma and embryocarcinoma , and thus enable us to regard the latter as the most differentiated variants of the seminoma .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenetic",
"pos": [
124,
136
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated",
"pos": [
253,
267
]
}
|
there was a general depression of protein synthesis in the immune system in the presence of chloramphenicol , but a greater effect on the synthesis of antibody than on the synthesis of proteins necessary for reproduction and maturation .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproduction",
"pos": [
208,
220
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0678723",
"name": "maturation",
"pos": [
225,
235
]
}
|
it was shown that when the lymph which contained these cells was collected quantitatively no systemic immunity developed even though a vigorous immune response took place in the lymph node with the formation of many plasma cells .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0020964",
"name": "immunity",
"pos": [
102,
110
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
144,
159
]
}
|
although the results indicate that the sv40 genome in hybrids derived from the moderately or nononcogenic adenoviruses supplies the determinants for most of the characteristics investigated , and perhaps for oncogenesis , evidence was presented which suggests that a portion of a nononcogenic adenovirus genome may be integrated in adeno 2-sv40 transformed cells and directs the synthesis of adenovirus t antigens .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
208,
219
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1510411",
"name": "transformed",
"pos": [
345,
356
]
}
|
the behavior of mice in enclosures of great extent casts doubt upon the postulate that hunger and thirst play leading roles in the motivation of wide-ranging locomotor movements .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
4,
12
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
131,
141
]
}
|
[ on the behavior and localization of acid phosphatase of yeast cells in repression and depression ] .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
9,
17
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0035143",
"name": "repression",
"pos": [
73,
83
]
}
|
the respiration of a susceptible mutant barley ( the yellow-green virescent mutant of the variety himalaya ) when grown in the light at 11 degrees was not changed by infection although the characteristic respiratory rise occurred in plants grown at 15 degrees . at the lower temperature chloroplasts fail to develop in this mutant , although development is normal at 15 degrees .it is suggested that the pathogen is not directly responsible for the increase in respiration in green leaves , rather that this is a response in the host cells to a loss of photosynthetic capacity .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
4,
15
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "in",
"pos": [
522,
524
]
}
|
on dna histogram , mab15 decreased the number of dna-synthesizing cells in the s phase with an elevation of the g1 peak , indicating a g1-s boundary block in the cell cycle .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0079395",
"name": "phase",
"pos": [
81,
86
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1517342",
"name": "g1",
"pos": [
135,
137
]
}
|
predictor variables were collected within the categories of knowledge ( e.g. , behavioral demonstrations , pencil-and-paper tests ) , beliefs/expectations ( e.g. , self-efficacy , self-motivation ) , skills ( e.g. , problem-solving and refusal skills ) , and environmental support ( e.g. , barriers to adherence , family support ) .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
79,
89
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
185,
195
]
}
|
it is concluded that in acute muscle glycolytic block : ( 1 ) energy metabolism is impaired during exercise and also at rest , ( 2 ) accumulating pme can serve as an indicator of the degree of glycolytic block , ( 3 ) atp levels fall during work , and ( 4 ) postexercise recovery is slow .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
62,
79
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolytic",
"pos": [
193,
203
]
}
|
azelastine was more effective in improving respiratory function ( forced expiratory flow in 1 s and peak expiratory flow rate ) when given in the once daily regimen , whereas clinical measures ( number of weekly asthma attacks ) were most improved by twice daily dosing .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiratory",
"pos": [
43,
54
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiratory",
"pos": [
105,
115
]
}
|
age and previous reproductive performance ( whether the female had failed to conceive or be detected in estrus during the previous breeding season ) significantly affected first-service conception rate , as did the interaction between the two factors .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
17,
29
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
186,
196
]
}
|
the results show that actinomycin d , but not cycloheximide , specifically abolishes the stimulatory effect of pma , suggesting that pma affects topoisomerase i gene expression at the transcriptional level .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
161,
176
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
184,
199
]
}
|
the combination of cell sorting and in situ transcription can be used to localize and quantify the expression of specific mrna by individual cells , allowing the study of rare and difficult-to-obtain cells .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
44,
57
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1515670",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
99,
109
]
}
|
these results suggest that performance under operant schedules that are thought to represent some aspect of time perception , short-term memory , learning , motivation , and position discrimination show differential sensitivity to disruption by marijuana smoke , a finding similar to that noted previously for iv thc administration .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0023185",
"name": "learning",
"pos": [
146,
154
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
157,
167
]
}
|
during transcription in e. coli , the dna-dependent rna polymerase locates specific promoter sequences in the dna template , melts a small region containing the transcription start site , initiates rna synthesis , processively elongates the transcript , and finally terminates and releases the rna product .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
7,
20
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
198,
211
]
}
|
it is therefore concluded that the caudate-induced head-turning as an evoked behavioral response was initiated through a muscular system similar to that utilized for similar head movements occurring without electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus , although the pathways involved are thought to be different .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
77,
87
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
290,
297
]
}
|
we have analyzed the genetic interactions required for fla gene expression by determining the effect of mutations in 30 known fla genes on transcription from four operons in the hook gene cluster .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
59,
74
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "genes",
"pos": [
130,
135
]
}
|
this report is based on fieldwork conducted in a peruvian community in 1986 , which investigated quechua-speaking indians ' knowledge of the female reproductive organs , perceptions of the way contraceptives work in the body , folk beliefs about conception and menstruation , and opinions about modern contraceptives .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
148,
160
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
246,
256
]
}
|
the immediate early ( ie ) proteins of herpesviruses are important regulatory factors which control the expression of genes at the transcriptional level .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "expression",
"pos": [
104,
114
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
131,
146
]
}
|
oncogenesis can be induced by chronic and acute rna tumor viruses through a promoter/enhancer insertion mechanism and through a transforming protein coded by a viral oncogene ( v-onc ) , respectively .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0007621",
"name": "oncogenesis",
"pos": [
0,
11
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1510411",
"name": "transforming",
"pos": [
128,
140
]
}
|
the technical consequences of this severe outbreak of influenza on reproduction were mainly important at the beginning of pregnancy .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproduction",
"pos": [
67,
79
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
122,
131
]
}
|
to better understand the mechanisms that determine cell type-specific gene expression , we have examined the transcriptional activity of a 13-nucleotide long sequence element , designated c3p , located in the promoter of the apociii gene .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene",
"pos": [
70,
74
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
109,
124
]
}
|
this study explores a possible precursor of the vulnerable child syndrome , a constellation of behaviors thought to develop as a result of excessive parental anxiety .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviors",
"pos": [
95,
104
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
105,
112
]
}
|
development of an in vitro transcription system for neurospora crassa mitochondrial dna and identification of transcription initiation sites .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
27,
40
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "transcription initiation",
"pos": [
110,
134
]
}
|
such posttranscriptional controls may allow the modulation of gene expression in a genome organized in large multigenic transcription units .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
62,
77
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
120,
133
]
}
|
the high levels of these behaviors during the constant treatment suggest a lack of coordination between male and female motivation which is overcome by providing estradiol stimulation in a pattern which mimics the menstrual cycle .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behaviors",
"pos": [
25,
34
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
120,
130
]
}
|
behavioral suppression was unrelated to differences in female behavior and appeared to result from reduced male sexual responsiveness or motivation .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
0,
8
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivation",
"pos": [
137,
147
]
}
|
correlations among kinetic family drawings and mmpi indicators of depressive , anxiety , behavioral , and thought disorders and diagnostic category were estimated for a group of 52 adolescent psychiatric inpatients .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavioral",
"pos": [
89,
99
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0039869",
"name": "thought",
"pos": [
106,
113
]
}
|
because of their apparent wide distribution among dicotyledonous plant species , the question is raised as to whether the nicotinamide derivatives rather than the purine cytokinins may not , in fact , be the naturally occurring cell division factors that are directly involved in promoting cytokinesis in higher plant species .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0007590",
"name": "cell division",
"pos": [
228,
241
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0010813",
"name": "cytokinesis",
"pos": [
290,
301
]
}
|
specific cell-mediated immunity ( cmi ) responses to rubella virus were studied in 12 children with documented congenital rubella syndrome employing a ( 51 ) cr lymphocytotoxicity microassay .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cell-mediated immunity",
"pos": [
9,
31
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0301896",
"name": "lymphocytotoxicity",
"pos": [
161,
179
]
}
|
the observations suggest that a control mechanism operates during meiotic prophase to regulate transcriptional activity in the sex chromosomes and to provide differential rna synthesis in autosomal bivalents at various stages of prophase and within certain segments of the chromosomes .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcriptional",
"pos": [
95,
110
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna",
"pos": [
171,
174
]
}
|
since mitochondria are important organelles in the glycolytic-oxidative phosphorylation pathways , perhaps all of us engaged in cancer research should take a closer look at the warburg effect and carefully consider extranuclear factors operating in oncogenesis .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "glycolytic",
"pos": [
51,
61
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1520120",
"name": "warburg effect",
"pos": [
177,
191
]
}
|
such regulation might be achieved ( i ) by direct effects on chromatin template leading to increased gene transcription and thus rna synthesis ;
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "gene transcription",
"pos": [
101,
119
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1328948",
"name": "rna synthesis",
"pos": [
129,
142
]
}
|
on the basis of our results we can conclude that the complete oxydation pathway of carbohydrates degradation , as mucopolysaccharides synthesis and degradation have an important part in the energy metabolism , but anaerobic glycolysis is the most important pathway to produce energy for the kcl contraction of vascular smooth muscle .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0014272",
"name": "energy metabolism",
"pos": [
190,
207
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0017952",
"name": "anaerobic glycolysis",
"pos": [
214,
234
]
}
|
the frequency of this behavior was dependenit upon the motivational state of the jay and the presence of food pellets .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
22,
30
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0026605",
"name": "motivational",
"pos": [
55,
67
]
}
|
correlation of our comparative ontogenetic data with known patterns of brain histogenesis indicated that cck development follows regional neuroblastic proliferation , migration and differentiation , and occurs during or soon after local synaptogenesis .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
77,
89
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
181,
196
]
}
|
an analysis has been made of the general reproductive characteristics of mothers , including the temperature curves of preconception and conception cycles , in a prospective study which ended in the birth of 22 malformed infants and 894 normal infants .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
41,
53
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009637",
"name": "conception",
"pos": [
137,
147
]
}
|
at the equivalent rhl , rtt was reduced by only 0.1 +/- 0.35 degrees c breathing hot air compared with 1.0 +/- 0.81 degrees c when cold air was inhaled .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "breathing",
"pos": [
71,
80
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhaled",
"pos": [
144,
151
]
}
|
the hypothesis was put forth that an enzyme defect is responsible for this hyposegmentation which simultaneously could have an impact on further elements of the mesenchymal tissue playing an important part in the histogenetic differentiation of organs .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenetic",
"pos": [
213,
225
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiation",
"pos": [
226,
241
]
}
|
they include the reproductive implications of medical illnesses , the stress of deciding whether to continue a pregnancy known to carry genetic risk , the intrusiveness of certain options for dealing with infertility , parental expectations for a perfect baby , and the difficulties some traditional practitioners have in adapting their practice styles to the changing needs of the patient population .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035150",
"name": "reproductive",
"pos": [
17,
29
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0032961",
"name": "pregnancy",
"pos": [
111,
120
]
}
|
the extent of improvement was correlated with the increase in mean cortisol secretion produced by physostigmine , suggesting that the drug improved behavior and cognition only to the extent that it had a specific central cholinomimetic effect .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
148,
156
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
161,
170
]
}
|
other hypotheses examined were that negative states induced by cognitive reflection related to the self would be resistant to remediation , even by a same-process positive procedure , and that changes in emotional expressions may make it appear that a negative state has been effectively remediated when lingering effects on behavior and cognition indicate that it has not .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0004927",
"name": "behavior",
"pos": [
325,
333
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0009240",
"name": "cognition",
"pos": [
338,
347
]
}
|
gene expression at each stage of the life cycle of spore-forming bacteria : different sensitivity of transcription to antibiotics which act on dna gyrase .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
0,
15
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
101,
114
]
}
|
in prokaryotic organisms , the control of gene expression is mediated by regulatory proteins that activate or repress transcription .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0017262",
"name": "gene expression",
"pos": [
42,
57
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
118,
131
]
}
|
in vitro transcription studies of cloned messenger rna-coding genes have yielded considerable information regarding the sequence elements and protein factors involved in transcription initiation and rna processing .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0040649",
"name": "transcription",
"pos": [
9,
22
]
}
|
{
"id": "C1158830",
"name": "transcription initiation",
"pos": [
170,
194
]
}
|
the author suggests a way of activating deficient arterial circulation , by means of a pneumatic method whose aim is to aspirate and then force the blood back into a limb by a system of external depressions and compressions , synchronized from the systole to the diastole .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0005775",
"name": "circulation",
"pos": [
59,
70
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0039155",
"name": "systole",
"pos": [
248,
255
]
}
|
the author suggests a way of activating deficient arterial circulation , by means of a pneumatic method whose aim is to aspirate and then force the blood back into a limb by a system of external depressions and compressions , synchronized from the systole to the diastole .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0005775",
"name": "circulation",
"pos": [
59,
70
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0012000",
"name": "diastole",
"pos": [
263,
271
]
}
|
the problems on interaction of different cells in the immune response against proteins , presentation of the immunogenic complex for identification by t-lymphocytes , structures of the antigen-identifying receptor of t-cells are discussed .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0301872",
"name": "immune response",
"pos": [
54,
69
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0206431",
"name": "presentation",
"pos": [
89,
101
]
}
|
based on arrest points in the histogenesis sequence , five compartments are defined : 1 ) a cells , less differentiated , self-perpetuating precursors ;
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0178679",
"name": "histogenesis",
"pos": [
30,
42
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0007589",
"name": "differentiated",
"pos": [
105,
119
]
}
|
the results gathered during the current investigation suggest that such animals similarly express anti-tumor antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity ( adcc ) .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cell-mediated immunity",
"pos": [
128,
150
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0003272",
"name": "adcc",
"pos": [
153,
157
]
}
|
the interpretation of these findings is that perinatal exposure to radioiodine results in the development of cells having foreign-like properties in the offspring which are recognized by the animal 's immune system , thus resulting in detectable antitumor cmi and adcc immune responses .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0020966",
"name": "cmi",
"pos": [
256,
259
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0003272",
"name": "adcc",
"pos": [
264,
268
]
}
|
[ gas and ventilation exchange at rest and during physical load in free and depressed respiration . i. expiratory depression ] .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiration",
"pos": [
86,
97
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0231800",
"name": "expiratory",
"pos": [
103,
113
]
}
|
[ respiratory function during inhalation of pure oxygen . iii . the energetic efficiency of pulmonary ventilation in conditions of rest and of muscular activity ] .
|
process_includes_biological_process
|
{
"id": "C0035203",
"name": "respiratory function",
"pos": [
2,
22
]
}
|
{
"id": "C0004048",
"name": "inhalation",
"pos": [
30,
40
]
}
|
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